Heteroaryl compounds and their use as PI3k alpha inhibitors
Heteroaryl compounds are developed to selectively inhibit PI3Kα, addressing toxicity and reactivation issues, improving cancer treatment by targeting specific mutations and managing glucose levels, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/098158
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-04-21
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-04
AI Technical Summary
Current PI3Kα inhibitors face challenges with toxicity and pathway reactivation, limiting their therapeutic window in cancer treatment, particularly for mutant-selective inhibitors targeting E542K, E545K, and H1047R mutations.
Development of heteroaryl compounds that act as selective PI3Kα inhibitors, designed to target specific mutations and minimize off-target effects, potentially combined with dietary or pharmacological interventions to manage blood glucose levels.
The heteroaryl compounds effectively inhibit PI3Kα activity, offering improved therapeutic efficacy by reducing toxicity and maintaining pathway suppression, thereby enhancing cancer treatment outcomes.
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Figure CN2025098158_04122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS PI3K ALPHA INHIBITORSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to International Patent Application Nos. PCT / CN2024 / 096460 filed on May 30, 2024, PCT / CN2024 / 118554 filed on September 12, 2024, and PCT / CN2025 / 090207 filed on April 21, 2025, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference. SEQUENCE LISTING
[0002] This application is submitted concurrently with a computer readable Sequence Listing in XML file format, the content of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The Sequence Listing XML file submitted is entitled “14668-042-228 _SEQLISTING. xml” , was created on May 19, 2025, and is 3, 294 bytes in size.FIELD
[0003] Provided herein are certain heteroaryl compounds as PI3K alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and method of use of the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment of diseases or disorders.BACKGROUND
[0004] Lipid phosphoinositides in cell membranes are master regulators of membrane signaling events for membrane trafficking, metabolism, growth, signaling and autophagy, with alterations in phosphoinositide metabolism being causative for many human diseases (Dickson, E.J., Hille, B., Biochem. J. 2019, 476 (1) , 1–23) . Phosphoinositides are generated from phosphatidylinositol (PI) by the action of lipid phosphoinositide kinases (19 unique genes in mammals) and are degraded by the action of phosphoinositide phosphatases (Schink, K.O. et al., Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2016, 32, 143–171) .
[0005] Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are involved in signaling pathways downstream of tyrosine kinases (RTKs) , G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) , and GTPases such as RAS, RAC, and CDC42, regulating a range of cellular activities, including metabolism, proliferation, and migration (Vanhaesebroeck, B. et al., Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021, 20, 741–769) . Class I PI3Ks comprise heterodimers formed by p110 catalytic subunits (α, β, γ or δ) and p85 regulatory subunits, among which PI3Kα and PI3Kβ have a wide tissue distribution, while PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ are more abundant in leukocytes. At the cellular level, a key function of PI3Kα is to convert growth factor stimulation into activation of anabolic processes and concomitant inhibition of catabolic processes (Hammond, G.R.V. &Burke, J.E., Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2020, 63, 57–67) . Two key effectors of PI3Kαinvolved in this response are AKT and mTOR, these are serine / threonine kinases with a myriad of substrates and pleiotropic functions. Combined with AKT / mTOR, PI3Kα pathway endows the widespread transcriptional changes for energy generation and biosynthetic activity, key requisites for cell proliferation and survival (Lee, J.V. et al., Cell Metab. 2014, 20, 306–319) .
[0006] The human p110α protein is encoded by the PIK3CA gene. PIK3CA is a 34 kb gene located on chromosome 3q26.3 that consists of 20 exons coding for 1068 amino acids yielding a 124 kDa size protein. PIK3CA is one of the most frequently mutated kinase gene in solid tumors. Oncogenic mutations are present across PIK3CA, apart from the RAS-binding domain, also highly enriched for hotspot mutations in the helical (E542K, E545K) and kinase (H1047R) domains, having the strongest biological impact in experimental cell model systems compared with other PIK3CA mutations (Zhang, Y. et al., Cancer Cell 2017, 31, 820–832 e823) . Mutations in PIK3CA mimic and enhance dynamic events in the natural activation process of the auto-inhibited p85–p110 heterodimer (Burke, J.E. et al., Oncotarget 2013, 4, 180–181) . PIK3CA mutation has multiple impacts, including the reduction of growth factor dependence, emergence of stem cell-like properties, the toleration of chromosomal instability, potentially driving tumor evolution (Vanhaesebroeck, B. et al., Biomolecules 9, 331) . Transcriptional profiling of a PIK3CA-mutated derivative of the MCF10A breast cell line indicated the expression of PI3K-driven, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) -dependent target genes enriched in cytokines, chemokines or secreted proteins (Hutti, J.E. et al., Cancer Res. 2012, 72, 3260–3269) . PIK3CA mutation in cancer cells also create an immunosuppressive stromal environment by induction of high glycolysis in cancer cells, leading to a high demand for glucose and subsequent depletion of metabolic fuels in the stroma, thus contributing to immune suppression (Hao, Y. et al., Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 11971; Biswas, S.K., Immunity 2015, 43, 435–449) .
[0007] Because of the PI3Kα pathway’s role in oncogenesis, a variety of PI3Kαinhibitors have been developed to attempt to improve cancer control. Isoform-selective PI3Kα inhibitors have a good potency for the ATP pocket and became a main rationale for the use in oncology to target cancer cell-intrinsic PI3K pathway (Tarantelli, C. et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2018, 24, 120–129) . Main challenge in the therapeutic exploitation of PI3Kαinhibitors is toxicity and pathway reactivation. Feedback can counteract PI3Kα inhibition by both cell-intrinsic and systematic mechanisms (Burke, J.E. et al. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022, DOI: 10.1038 / s41573-022-00582-5) . Inhibition of PI3K leads to a decreased activation of AKT, relieving suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression and reactivating the PI3K pathway (Chakrabarty, A. et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 2718–2723) . In clinical, PI3Kα inhibition may lead to hyperglycemia, causing the reactivation of the pathway, which hampers the clinical dosing and therapeutic window. These events suggest an opportunity to combine PI3K inhibition with dietary or pharmacological interventions to lower blood glucose levels (Hopkins, B.D. et al., Nature 2018, 560, 499–503) . Therefore, a major focus in PI3Kα drug development is the mutant-selective inhibitors. Targeting PI3Kαdominant mutations (E542K, E545K, H1047R) may improve the therapeutic window, enabling sufficient target inhibition in tumor as well as avoiding the dose-limiting toxicity.SUMMARY
[0008] In one embodiment, provided herein are heteroaryl compounds as PI3Kαinhibitors.
[0009] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-A) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, Z1, Z2, Z3, R, and Ring A are defined herein or elsewhere.
[0010] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-B) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, Z1, Z2, Z3, R, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, and R1a are defined herein or elsewhere.
[0011] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0012] Also provided herein are methods of inhibiting a PI3Kα protein, comprising contacting the PI3Kα protein with a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0013] Also provided herein are methods of treating PI3Kα associated diseases or cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the disease or cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDEFINITIONS
[0014] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. All patents, applications, published applications and other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the event that there are a plurality of definitions for a term herein, those in this section prevail unless stated otherwise.
[0015] As used herein, and in the specification and the accompanying claims, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” and the definite article “the” include plural as well as single referents, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0016] As used herein, the terms “comprising” and “including” can be used interchangeably. The terms “comprising” and “including” are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features or components as referred to, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more features, or components, or groups thereof. Additionally, the terms “comprising” and “including” are intended to include examples encompassed by the term “consisting of” . Consequently, the term “consisting of” can be used in place of the terms “comprising” and “including” to provide for more specific embodiments.
[0017] As used herein, the term “or” is to be interpreted as an inclusive “or” meaning any one or any combination. Therefore, “A, B or C” means any of the following: “A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B and C” . An exception to this definition will occur only when a combination of elements, functions, steps or acts are in some way inherently mutually exclusive.
[0018] As used herein, the phrase “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “Aand / or B” herein is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the phrase “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0019] It should be noted that if there is a discrepancy between a depicted structure and a name for that structure, the depicted structure is to be accorded more weight.
[0020] It is understood that in the present description, combinations of substituents and / or variables of the depicted formulae are permissible only if such contributions result in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.
[0021] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which is saturated. In one embodiment, the alkyl group has, for example, from one to twenty-four carbon atoms (C1-C24 alkyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkyl) , one to fifteen carbon atoms (C1-C15 alkyl) , one to twelve carbon atoms (C1-C12 alkyl) , one to eight carbon atoms (C1-C8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C1-C6 alkyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (isopropyl) , n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1, 1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl) , 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0022] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The term “alkenyl” also embraces radicals having “cis” and “trans” configurations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” configurations, as appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkenyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkenyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkenyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkenyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkenyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkenyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkenyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkenyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1, 4-dienyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group is optionally substituted.
[0023] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group has, for example, from two to twenty-four carbon atoms (C2-C24 alkynyl) , four to twenty carbon atoms (C4-C20 alkynyl) , six to sixteen carbon atoms (C6-C16 alkynyl) , six to nine carbon atoms (C6-C9 alkynyl) , two to fifteen carbon atoms (C2-C15 alkynyl) , two to twelve carbon atoms (C2-C12 alkynyl) , two to eight carbon atoms (C2-C8 alkynyl) or two to six carbon atoms (C2-C6 alkynyl) and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, an alkynyl group is optionally substituted.
[0024] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which is saturated. Cycloalkyl group may include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . The cycloalkyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl radicals include, but are not limited to, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0025] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkenyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. Cycloalkenyl may include fused, bridged, or spiro ring systems. In one embodiment, the cycloalkenyl has, for example, from 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms (C3-C15 cycloalkenyl) , from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , or from 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms (C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) . The cycloalkenyl is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like. Unless otherwise specified, a cycloalkenyl group is optionally substituted. Similarly, as used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkynyl” refers to a non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and which includes one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
[0026] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl radical that has one or more skeletal chain atoms selected from an atom other than carbon, e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, or combinations thereof. A numerical range can be given to refer to the chain length in total. For example, a -CH2OCH2CH3 radical is referred to as a “C4” heteroalkyl. Connection to the parent molecular structure can be through either a heteroatom or a carbon in the heteroalkyl chain. One or more heteroatom (s) in the heteroalkyl radical can be optionally oxidized. One or more nitrogen atoms, if present, can also be optionally quaternized. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroalkyl group is optionally substituted.
[0027] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contain at least one aromatic hydrocarbon ring. In certain embodiments, the aryl has from 6 to 18 ring carbon atoms (C6-C18 aryl) , from 6 to 14 ring carbon atoms (C6-C14 aryl) , or from 6 to 10 ring carbon atoms (C6-C10 aryl) . Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, azulenyl, anthryl, phenanthryl, pyrenyl, biphenyl, and terphenyl. The term “aryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic hydrocarbon rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, for example, dihydronaphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl) . Unless otherwise specified, an aryl group is optionally substituted.
[0028] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic group and / or multicyclic aromatic group that contains at least one aromatic ring, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. The heteroaryl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. In certain embodiments, the heteroaryl has from 5 to 20, from 5 to 15, or from 5 to 10 ring atoms. The term “heteroaryl” also refers to bicyclic, tricyclic, or other multicyclic rings, where at least one of the rings is aromatic and the others of which may be saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic, wherein at least one aromatic ring contains one or more heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and triazinyl. Examples of bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, purinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, and tetrahydroquinolinyl. Examples of tricyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, benzindolyl, phenanthrollinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, and xanthenyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heteroaryl group is optionally substituted.
[0029] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “heterocyclyl” refers to a monocyclic and / or multicyclic non-aromatic group that contains one or more (e.g., one, one or two, one to three, or one to four) heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. The heterocyclyl may be attached to the main structure at any heteroatom or carbon atom. A heterocyclyl group can be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, or other multicyclic ring system, wherein the multicyclic ring systems can be a fused, bridged or spiro ring system. Heterocyclyl multicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or more rings. A heterocyclyl group can be saturated or partially unsaturated. Saturated heterocyclyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkyl” . Partially unsaturated heterocyclyl groups can be termed “heterocycloalkenyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one double bond, or “heterocycloalkynyl” if the heterocyclyl contains at least one triple bond. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl has, for example, 3 to 18 ring atoms (3-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 18 ring atoms (4-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 3 to 12 ring atoms (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) , 5 to 18 ring atoms (5-to 18-membered heterocyclyl) , 4 to 8 ring atoms (4-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , or 5 to 8 ring atoms (5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, and piperidinyl. Unless otherwise specified, a heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted.
[0030] Whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “3 to 18” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., a heterocyclyl with “3 to 18 ring atoms” means that the heterocyclyl group can consist of 3 ring atoms, 4 ring atoms, 5 ring atoms, 6 ring atoms, 7 ring atoms, 8 ring atoms, 9 ring atoms, 10 ring atoms, etc., up to and including 18 ring atoms. Similarly, a C1-C6 alkyl means that the alkyl group can consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, 5 carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms.
[0031] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, a “cycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-cycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and cycloalkyl are defined above. Substituted cycloalkylalkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the cycloalkyl, or both the alkyl and the cycloalkyl portions of the group. Representative cycloalkylalkyl groups include but are not limited to cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylethyl, cyclohexylethyl, cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylpropyl and the like.
[0032] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, an “aralkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-aryl, wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. Substituted aralkyl groups may be substituted at the alkyl, the aryl, or both the alkyl and the aryl portions of the group. Representative aralkyl groups include but are not limited to benzyl and phenethyl groups and aralkyl groups wherein the aryl group is fused to a cycloalkyl group such as indan-4-yl ethyl.
[0033] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, other similar composite terms mirror the above description for “cycloalkylalkyl” and “aralkyl” . For example, a “heterocyclylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heterocyclyl, wherein alkyl and heterocyclyl are defined above. A “heteroarylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heteroaryl, wherein alkyl and heteroaryl are defined above. A “heterocycloalkylalkyl” group is a radical of the formula: -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, wherein alkyl and heterocycloalkyl are defined above.
[0034] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “halogen” , “halide” or “halo” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and / or iodine. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “haloalkyl, ” “haloalkenyl, ” “haloalkynyl, ” and “haloalkoxy” refer to alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkoxy structures that are substituted with one or more halo groups or with combinations thereof.
[0035] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aryloxy” refers to -O- (aryl) , wherein aryl is defined above.
[0036] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkyl sulfonyl” refers to –SO2-alkyl, wherein alkyl is defined above.
[0037] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “carboxyl” and “carboxy” refers to -COOH.
[0038] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkoxycarbonyl” refers to -C (=O) O- (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylalkyloxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (aryl) , wherein alkyl and aryl are defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkyloxy” refers to -O- (cycloalkyl) , wherein cycloalkyl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “cycloalkylalkyloxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (cycloalkyl) , wherein cycloalkyl and alkyl are defined above.
[0039] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “acyl” refers to –C (O) -Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0040] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “acyloxy” refers to –O-C (O) -Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0041] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “amino” refers to –N (R#) (R#) , wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a -N (R#) (R#) group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. The term “amino” also includes N-oxide (–N+ (R#) (R#) O-) . In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0042] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “amide” or “amido” refers to –C (O) N (R#) 2 or –NR#C (O) R#, wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a –C (O) N (R#) 2 group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0043] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aminoalkyl” refers to - (alkyl) - (amino) , wherein alkyl and amino are defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “aminoalkoxy” refers to -O- (alkyl) - (amino) , wherein alkyl and amino are defined above.
[0044] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “alkylamino” refers to -NH (alkyl) or -N (alkyl) (alkyl) , wherein alkyl is defined above. Examples of such alkylamino groups include, but are not limited to, -NHCH3, -NHCH2CH3, -NH (CH2) 2CH3, -NH (CH2) 3CH3, -NH (CH2) 4CH3, -NH (CH2) 5CH3, -N (CH3) 2, -N (CH2CH3) 2, -N ( (CH2) 2CH3) 2, -N (CH3) (CH2CH3) , and the like.
[0045] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “arylamino” refers to -NH (aryl) or -N (aryl) (aryl) , wherein aryl is defined above. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, similar composite terms such as “arylalkylamino” and “cycloalkylamino” mirrors the descriptions above for “alkylamino” and “arylamino” .
[0046] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfanyl” , “sulfide” , or “thio” refers to -S-Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0047] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfoxide” refers to –S (O) -Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0048] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfonyl” or “sulfone” refers to –S (O) 2-Ra, wherein Ra can be, but is not limited to, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. In certain embodiments, Ra may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0049] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sulfonamido” or “sulfonamide” refers to –S (=O) 2–N (R#) 2 or –N (R#) –S (=O) 2–R#, wherein each R#independently can be, but is not limited to, hydrogen, alkyl, heteroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, each of which is defined above. When a –S (=O) 2–N (R#) 2 group has two R#other than hydrogen, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a ring. In one embodiment, the ring is a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring. In one embodiment, one or more ring atoms are heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, or N. In certain embodiments, each R#or the ring formed by -N (R#) (R#) independently may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents.
[0050] “Azide” refers to a –N3 radical. “Cyano” refers to a –CN radical. “Nitro” refers to the –NO2 radical. “Oxa” refers to the –O–radical. “Oxo” refers to the =O radical.
[0051] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “optional” or “optionally” (e.g., optionally substituted) means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, “optionally substituted alkyl” means that the alkyl radical may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted alkyl radicals and alkyl radicals having no substitution.
[0052] When the groups described herein are said to be “substituted, ” they may be substituted with any appropriate substituent or substituents. Illustrative examples of substituents include, but are not limited to, those found in the exemplary compounds and embodiments provided herein, as well as halogen (chloro, iodo, bromo, or fluoro) ; alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; hydroxyl; alkoxy; alkoxyalkyl; amino; alkylamino; carboxy; nitro; cyano; thiol; thioether; imine; imide; amidine; guanidine; enamine; aminocarbonyl; acylamino; phosphonate; phosphine; thiocarbonyl; sulfinyl; sulfone; sulfonamide; ketone; aldehyde; ester; urea; urethane; oxime; hydroxyl amine; alkoxyamine; aryloxyamine, aralkoxyamine; N-oxide; hydrazine; hydrazide; hydrazone; azide; isocyanate; isothiocyanate; cyanate; thiocyanate; oxo (═O) ; B (OH) 2, O (alkyl) aminocarbonyl; cycloalkyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl) , or a heterocyclyl, which may be monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic (e.g., pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or thiazinyl) ; monocyclic or fused or non-fused polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl (e.g., phenyl, naphthyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, acridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiophenyl, or benzofuranyl) aryloxy; aralkyloxy; heterocyclyloxy; and heterocyclyl alkoxy.
[0053] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “isomer” refers to different compounds that have the same molecular formula. “Stereoisomers” are isomers that differ only in the way the atoms are arranged in space. “Atropisomers” are stereoisomers from hindered rotation about single bonds. “Enantiomers” are a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. A mixture of a pair of enantiomers in any proportion can be known as a “racemic” mixture. “Diastereoisomers” are stereoisomers that have at least two asymmetric atoms, but which are not mirror-images of each other. The absolute stereochemistry can be specified according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog R-S system. When a compound is an enantiomer, the stereochemistry at each chiral carbon can be specified by either R or S. Resolved compounds whose absolute configuration is unknown can be designated (+) or (-) depending on the direction (dextro-or levorotatory) which they rotate plane polarized light at the wavelength of the sodium D line. However, the sign of optical rotation, (+) and (-) , is not related to the absolute configuration of the molecule, R and S. Certain compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and can thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that can be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry at each asymmetric atom, as (R) -or (S) -. The present chemical entities, pharmaceutical compositions and methods are meant to include all such possible isomers, including racemic mixtures, optically substantially pure forms and intermediate mixtures. Optically active (R) -and (S) -isomers can be prepared, for example, using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques.
[0054] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “enantiomeric purity” or “enantiomer purity” refers to a qualitative or quantitative measure of a purified enantiomer. The enantiomeric purity of compounds described herein may be described in terms of enantiomeric excess (ee) , which indicates the degree to which a sample contains one enantiomer in greater amounts than the other. A racemic mixture has an ee of 0%, while a single completely pure enantiomer has an ee of 100%. Examples of the enantiomeric purity include an ee of at least about 10%, at least about 12%, at least about 14%, at least about 16%, at least about 18%, at least about 20%, at least about 22%, at least about 24%, at least about 26%, at least about 28%, at least about 30%, at least about 32%, at least about 34%, at least about 36%, at least about 38%, at least about 40%, at least about 42%, at least about 44%, at least about 46%, at least about 48%, at least about 50%, at least about 52%, at least about 54%, at least about 56%, at least about 58%, at least about 60%, at least about 62%, at least about 64%, at least about 66%, at least about 68%, at least about 70%, at least about 72%, at least about 74%, at least about 76%, at least about 78%, at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about or at least about 99%. Similarly, “diastereomeric purity” may be described in terms of diasteriomeric excess (de) , which indicates the degree to which a sample contains one diastereoisomers in greater amounts than the other (s) .
[0055] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “substantially purified enantiomer” refers to a compound wherein one enantiomer has been enriched over the other. In one embodiment, the other enantiomer represents less than about 20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, or less than about 2%of the enantiomer. In one embodiment, a substantially purified enantiomer has an enantiomeric excess of S enantiomer of at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%or at least about 99.9%. In one embodiment, a substantially purified enantiomer has an enantiomeric excess of R enantiomer of at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%, at least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.5%or at least about 99.9%.
[0056] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “Stereoisomers” can also include E and Z isomers, or a mixture thereof, and cis and trans isomers or a mixture thereof. In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is isolated as either the E or Z isomer. In other embodiments, a compound described herein is a mixture of the E and Z isomers.
[0057] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “tautomer” or “tautomeric form” refers to isomeric forms of a compound that are in equilibrium with each other. In one embodiment, a tautomer is formed by the migration of a proton from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule (known as proton tautomers, such as keto-enol tautomerization or imine-enamine tautomerization) . The concentrations of the isomeric forms will depend on the environment the compound is found in and may be different depending upon, for example, whether the compound is a solid or is in an organic or aqueous solution. For example, in aqueous solution, pyrazoles may exhibit the following isomeric forms, which are referred to as tautomers of each other: All tautomers of the compounds described herein are within the scope of the present application.
[0058] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes both acid and base addition salts.
[0059] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2, 2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor-10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane-1, 2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, 2-oxo-glutaric acid, glycerophosphoric acid, glycolic acid, hippuric acid, isobutyric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, mucic acid, naphthalene-1, 5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotinic acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, pamoic acid, propionic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, undecylenic acid, and the like.
[0060] Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt include, but are not limited to, salts prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to a free acid compound. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. In one embodiment, the inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. In one embodiment, the organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline and caffeine.
[0061] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “subject” refers to an animal, including, but not limited to, a primate (e.g., human) , cow, sheep, goat, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, or mouse. The terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein in reference, for example, to a mammalian subject, such as a human subject. In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal. In one embodiment, the subject is a human.
[0062] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “treat, ” “treating, ” and “treatment” refer to the eradication or amelioration of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms associated with the disease or disorder. In general, treatment occurs after the onset of the disease or disorder. In certain embodiments, the terms refer to minimizing the spread or worsening of the disease or disorder resulting from the administration of one or more prophylactic or therapeutic agents to a subject with such a disease or disorder.
[0063] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “prevent, ” “preventing, ” and “prevention” refer to the prevention of the onset, recurrence or spread of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. In general, prevention occurs prior to the onset of the disease or disorder.
[0064] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “manage, ” “managing, ” and “management” refer to preventing or slowing the progression, spread or worsening of a disease or disorder, or of one or more symptoms thereof. Sometimes, the beneficial effects that a subject derives from a prophylactic or therapeutic agent do not result in a cure of the disease or disorder.
[0065] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “therapeutically effective amount” are meant to include the amount of a compound that, when administered, is sufficient to prevent development of, or alleviate to some extent, one or more of the symptoms of the disorder, disease, or condition being treated. The term “therapeutically effective amount” also refers to the amount of a compound that is sufficient to elicit the biological or medical response of a cell, tissue, system, animal, or human, which is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor, or clinician.
[0066] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “IC50” refers an amount, concentration, or dosage of a compound that is required for 50%inhibition of a maximal response in an assay that measures such response.
[0067] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “PI3Kα-associated disease or disorder” refers to diseases or disorders associated with or having a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or the expression or activity or level of any (e.g., one or more) of the same (e.g., any of the types of dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, or a PI3Kαprotein, or the expression or activity or level of any of the same described herein) . Non-limiting examples of a PI3Kα-associated disease or disorder include, for example, PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndromes (PROS) , brain disorders (e.g., as macrocephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) and hemimegaloencephaly) , congenital lipomatous (e.g., overgrowth of vascular malformations) , epidermal nevi and skeletal / spinal anomalies (e.g., CLOVES syndrome) and fibroadipose hyperplasia (FH) , or cancer (e.g., PI3Kα-associated cancer) .
[0068] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “PI3Kα-associated cancer” refers to cancers associated with or having a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity, or level of any of the same.
[0069] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or the expression or activity or level of any of the same” refers to a genetic mutation (e.g., a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that includes a deletion of at least one amino acid as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of PI3Kα with one or more point mutations as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of PI3Kα with at least one inserted amino acid as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, a gene duplication that results in an increased level of PI3Kα in a cell, or a mutation in a regulatory sequence (e.g., a promoter and / or enhancer) that results in an increased level of PI3Kα in a cell) , an alternative spliced version of PI3Kα mRNA that results in PI3Kαhaving a deletion of at least one amino acid in the PI3Kα as compared to the wild type PI3Kα) , or increased expression (e.g., increased levels) of a wild type PI3Kα in a mammalian cell due to aberrant cell signaling and / or dysregulated autocrine / paracrine signaling (e.g., as compared to a control non-cancerous cell) . In one embodiment, a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity, or level of any of the same, is a mutation in PIK3CA gene that encodes a PI3Kα that is constitutively active or has increased activity as compared to a protein encoded by a PIK3CA gene that does not include the mutation. Non-limiting examples of PI3Kα point mutations / substitutions / insertions / deletions are described in Table 2.
[0070] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “activating mutation” in reference to PI3Kα describes a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of PI3Kα that has an increased kinase activity, e.g., as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions. In one embodiment, an activating mutation is a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that has one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten) amino acid substitutions (e.g., any combination of any of the amino acid substitutions described herein) that has increased kinase activity, e.g., as compared to a wild type a PI3Kα, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions. In one embodiment, an activating mutation is a mutation in a PIK3CA that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that has one or more (e.g., two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten) amino acids deleted, e.g., as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions. In one embodiment, an activating mutation is a mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the expression of a PI3Kα that has at least one (e.g., at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, or at least 20) amino acid inserted as compared to a wild type PI3Kα, e.g., the exemplary wild type PI3Kα described herein, e.g., when assayed under identical conditions.
[0071] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “wild type” or “wild-type” refers to a nucleic acid (e.g., a PIK3CA gene or a PI3Kα mRNA) or protein (e.g., a PI3Kα) sequence that is typically found in a subject that does not have a disease or disorder related to the reference nucleic acid or protein.
[0072] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “wild type PI3Kα” or “wild-type PI3Kα” describes a normal PI3Kα nucleic acid (e.g., PIK3CA or PI3Kα mRNA) or protein that is found in a subject that does not have a PI3Kα-associated disease, e.g., a PI3Kα-associated cancer (and optionally also does not have an increased risk of developing a PI3Kα-associated disease and / or is not suspected of having a PI3Kα-associated disease) , or is found in a cell or tissue from a subject that does not have a PI3Kα-associated disease, e.g., a PI3Kα -associated cancer (and optionally also does not have an increased risk of developing a PI3Kα -associated disease and / or is not suspected of having a PI3Kα-associated disease) .
[0073] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, ” “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, ” “physiologically acceptable carrier, ” or “physiologically acceptable excipient” refers to a pharmaceutically-acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent, or encapsulating material. In one embodiment, each component is “pharmaceutically acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of a pharmaceutical formulation, and suitable for use in contact with the tissue or organ of humans and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, immunogenicity, or other problems or complications, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. See, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, 2005; Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 5th Edition, Rowe et al., Eds., The Pharmaceutical Press and the American Pharmaceutical Association: 2005; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Additives, 3rd Edition, Ash and Ash Eds., Gower Publishing Company: 2007; Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation, Gibson Ed., CRC Press LLC: Boca Raton, FL, 2004.
[0074] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds which differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds provided herein include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, such as, e.g., 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively. For example, provided herein are compounds having the present structures except for the replacement or enrichment of a hydrogen by deuterium or tritium at one or more atoms in the molecule, or the replacement or enrichment of a carbon by 13C or 14C at one or more atoms in the molecule. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by or enriched by deuterium. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by or enriched by tritium. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more carbon atoms replaced or enriched by 13C. In one embodiment, provided herein are isotopically labeled compounds having one or more carbon atoms replaced or enriched by 14C.
[0075] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “about” or “approximately” means an acceptable error for a particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, which depends in part on how the value is measured or determined. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 1, 2, 3, or 4 standard deviations. In certain embodiments, the term “about” or “approximately” means within 50%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.05%of a given value or range. COMPOUNDS
[0076] In one embodiment, provided herein are heteroaryl compounds as PI3Kαinhibitors. In one embodiment, provided herein are compounds comprising a 6, 5-fused nitrogen containing heteroaryl core. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein further comprises a urea group. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein further comprises an imidazole ring fused with an aryl or heteroaryl, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally further fused with a heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or aryl ring. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein can exist in the form of one or more tautomers.
[0077] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-A) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X1 is C or N; X2 is CH, CRa2, or N; X3 is CH, CRa3, or N; X4 is CH, CRa4, or N; X5 is C or N; Z1 is CH, CRz1, N, NH, NRz1, O, or S; Z2 is CH, CRz2, N, NH, NRz2, O, or S; Z3 is CH, CRz3, N, NH, NRz3, O, or S; Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl; R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted; Ring A is C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C18 aryl, 5 to 18-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 18- membered heterocyclyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits; each R1 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -OR2, -NHR2, - NR2R2, oxo, =NH, =NR2, -SO2R2, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHR2, -S (=O) 2NR2R2, -S (=O) (=NH) R2, -S (=O) (=NR2) R2, -C (=O) R2, -CO2H, -CO2R2, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHR2, -C (=O) NR2R2, -NH (C=O) R2, -NR2 (C=O) R2, -NH (C=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) NHR2, -NHC (=O) NR2R2, or R2; each R2 is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) - , (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; or two R2 together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3-to 8-membered ring moiety; and each R2 (including the ring moiety formed by two R2 together with the nitrogen they are attached to) is independently optionally substituted with one or more R3, as valency permits; each R3 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -OR4, -NH2, -NHR4, - NR4R4, oxo, =NH, =NR4, -SO2R4, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHR4, -S (=O) 2NR4R4, -S (=O) (=NH) R4, -S (=O) (=NR4) R4, -C (=O) R4, -CO2H, -CO2R4, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHR4, -C (=O) NR4R4, -NH (C=O) R4, -NR4 (C=O) R4, -NH (C=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) NHR4, -NHC (=O) NR4R4, or R4; each R4 is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) - , (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; or two R4 together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3-to 8-membered ring moiety; and each R4 (including the ring moiety formed by two R4 together with the nitrogen they are attached to) is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5, as valency permits; each R5 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -OR6, -NH2, -NHR6, - NR6R6, oxo, =NH, =NR6, -SO2R6, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHR6, -S (=O) 2NR6R6, -S (=O) (=NH) R6, -S (=O) (=NR6) R6, -C (=O) R6, -CO2H, -CO2R6, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHR6, -C (=O) NR6R6, -NH (C=O) R6, -NR6 (C=O) R6, -NH (C=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) NHR6, -NHC (=O) NR6R6, or R6; and each R6 is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) - , (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; or two R6 together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3-to 8-membered ring moiety; and each R6 (including the ring moiety formed by two R6 together with the nitrogen they are attached to) is independently optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits.
[0078] In one embodiment, provided herein is a compound of Formula (I-B) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X1 is C or N; X2 is CH, CRa2, or N; X3 is CH, CRa3, or N; X4 is CH, CRa4, or N; X5 is C or N; Z1 is CH, CRz1, N, NH, NRz1, O, or S; Z2 is CH, CRz2, N, NH, NRz2, O, or S; Z3 is CH, CRz3, N, NH, NRz3, O, or S; Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl; R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted; Y1 is CRb1 or N; Y2 is CRb2 or N; Y3 is CRb3 or N; Y4 is CRb4 or N; R1a is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 10-membered heteroaryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , ORd, SRd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd , C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, or any two of adjacent Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 together with the carbons they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered Ring M; and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylene and Ring M are independently optionally substituted; and each instance of Rd is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3- C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, or two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3 to 8-membered ring, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted.
[0079] In one embodiment, X1 is C. In one embodiment, X1 is N. In one embodiment, X2 is CH. In one embodiment, X2 is N. In one embodiment, X2 is CRa2. In one embodiment, X2 is CH or N. In one embodiment, X3 is CH. In one embodiment, X3 is N. In one embodiment, X3 is CRa3. In one embodiment, X4 is CH. In one embodiment, X4 is N. In one embodiment, X4 is CRa4. In one embodiment, X4 is CH or CRa4. In one embodiment, X5 is C. In one embodiment, X5 is N.
[0080] In one embodiment, Ra2 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0081] In one embodiment, Ra2 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl.
[0082] In one embodiment, Ra2 is deuterium. In one embodiment, Ra2 is halogen. In one embodiment, Ra2 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra2 is chlorine. In one embodiment, Ra2 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra2 is hydroxyl.
[0083] In one embodiment, Ra2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is propyl or isopropyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra2) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra2) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl (e.g., methyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium or halogen (e.g., F or Cl) .
[0084] In one embodiment, Ra2 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra2 is C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, or C6 cycloalkyl. . In one embodiment, Ra2 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra2) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra2) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium, halogen (e.g., F or Cl) , or methyl.
[0085] In one embodiment, Ra3 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0086] In one embodiment, Ra3 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl.
[0087] In one embodiment, Ra3 is halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen. In one embodiment, Ra3 is fluorine, chlorine, deuterium, or methyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 deuterium or fluorine.
[0088] In one embodiment, Ra3 is deuterium. In one embodiment, Ra3 is halogen. In one embodiment, Ra3 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra3 is chlorine. In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra3 is hydroxyl.
[0089] In one embodiment, Ra3 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is propyl or isopropyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra3) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra3) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra3) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl (e.g., methyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium or halogen (e.g., F or Cl) . In one embodiment, Ra3 is CHF2.
[0090] In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra3 is C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, or C6 cycloalkyl. . In one embodiment, Ra3 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra3) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra3) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra3) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium, halogen (e.g., F or Cl) , or methyl.
[0091] In one embodiment, Ra4 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0092] In one embodiment, Ra4 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl.
[0093] In one embodiment, Ra4 is halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen. In one embodiment, Ra4 is fluorine or chlorine.
[0094] In one embodiment, Ra4 is deuterium. In one embodiment, Ra4 is halogen. In one embodiment, Ra4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra4 is chlorine. In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra4 is hydroxyl.
[0095] In one embodiment, Ra4 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is propyl or isopropyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra4) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra4) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra4) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl (e.g., methyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium or halogen (e.g., F or Cl) .
[0096] In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ra4 is C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, or C6 cycloalkyl. . In one embodiment, Ra4 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra4) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra4) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Ra4) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium, halogen (e.g., F or Cl) , or methyl.
[0097] In one embodiment, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is fluorine or chlorine. In one embodiment, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is chlorine.
[0098] In one embodiment, Ra2 is fluorine, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, X2 is CH, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, X2 is CH, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is chlorine. In one embodiment, X2 is CH, Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, X2 is CH, Ra3 is chlorine, and Ra4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, X2 is CH, Ra3 is CHF2, and Ra4 is fluorine.
[0099] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (II-A1) , (II-A2) , (II-B1) , or (II-B2) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0100] In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring containing X1 to X5 and Z1 to Z3 has only one ring heteroatoms (e.g., O, N, or S) . In one embodiment, wherein the bicyclic ring containing X1 to X5 and Z1 to Z3 has only two ring heteroatoms (e.g., O, N, or S) .
[0101] In one embodiment, one of X1, X2, X5, Z1, Z2, and Z3 has a heteroatom on the ring. In one embodiment, two of X1, X2, X5, Z1, Z2, and Z3 have heteroatoms on the ring. In one embodiment, X2 and Z1 have heteroatoms on the ring. In one embodiment, X2 and Z3 have heteroatoms on the ring. In one embodiment, Z1 and Z3 have heteroatoms on the ring. In one embodiment, Z1 and Z2 have heteroatoms on the ring. In one embodiment, Z3 and Z2 have heteroatoms on the ring.
[0102] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (III-A1) , (III-A2) , (III-A3) , (III-A4) , (III-A5) , (III-B1) , (III-B2) , (III-B3) , (III-B4) , or (III-B5) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0103] In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is
[0104] In one embodiment, is wherein, as valency permits, X1 is C or N; X5 is C or N; each instance of X0 is independently CH or N; each instance of Z0 is independently CH, N, NH, O, or S; and each instance of Z is independently C or N.
[0105] In one embodiment, X0 is CH. In one embodiment, X0 is N.
[0106] In one embodiment, Z0 is CH. In one embodiment, Z0 is N. In one embodiment, Z0 is NH. In one embodiment, Z0 is O. In one embodiment, Z0 is S.
[0107] In one embodiment, Z is C. In one embodiment, Z is N.
[0108] In one embodiment, Z1 is Z0. In one embodiment, Z1 is CH. In one embodiment, Z1 is CRz1. In one embodiment, Z1 is N. In one embodiment, Z1 is NH. In one embodiment, Z1 is NRz1. In one embodiment, Z1 is O. In one embodiment, Z1 is S. In one embodiment, Z1 is CH, CRz1, O, N, or NRz1, as valency permits.
[0109] In one embodiment, Z2 is Z0. In one embodiment, Z2 is CH. In one embodiment, Z2 is CRz1. In one embodiment, Z2 is N. In one embodiment, Z2 is NH. In one embodiment, Z2 is NRz1. In one embodiment, Z2 is O. In one embodiment, Z2 is S. In one embodiment, Z2 is CH, N, or O.
[0110] In one embodiment, Z3 is Z0. In one embodiment, Z3 is CH. In one embodiment, Z3 is CRz1. In one embodiment, Z3 is N. In one embodiment, Z3 is NH. In one embodiment, Z3 is NRz1. In one embodiment, Z3 is O. In one embodiment, Z3 is S.
[0111] In one embodiment, Rz1 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0112] In one embodiment, Rz1 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen. In one embodiment, Rz1 is methyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 deuterium or fluorine.
[0113] In one embodiment, Rz1 is deuterium. In one embodiment, Rz1 is halogen. In one embodiment, Rz1 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rz1 is chlorine. In one embodiment, Rz1 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rz1 is hydroxyl.
[0114] In one embodiment, Rz1 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is propyl or isopropyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz1) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz1) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl (e.g., methyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium or halogen (e.g., F or Cl) .
[0115] In one embodiment, Rz1 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, or C6 cycloalkyl. . In one embodiment, Rz1 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz1) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz1) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz1) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium, halogen (e.g., F or Cl) , or methyl.
[0116] In one embodiment, Rz2 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0117] In one embodiment, Rz2 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl.
[0118] In one embodiment, Rz2 is deuterium. In one embodiment, Rz2 is halogen. In one embodiment, Rz2 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rz2 is chlorine. In one embodiment, Rz2 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rz2 is hydroxyl.
[0119] In one embodiment, Rz2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rz2 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rz2 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rz2 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rz2 is propyl or isopropyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz2) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz2) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl (e.g., methyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium or halogen (e.g., F or Cl) .
[0120] In one embodiment, Rz2 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rz2 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rz2 is C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, or C6 cycloalkyl. . In one embodiment, Rz2 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz2) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz2) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz2) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium, halogen (e.g., F or Cl) , or methyl.
[0121] In one embodiment, Rz3 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.
[0122] In one embodiment, Rz3 is deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen. In one embodiment, Rz3 is methyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 deuterium or fluorine.
[0123] In one embodiment, Rz3 is deuterium. In one embodiment, Rz3 is halogen. In one embodiment, Rz3 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rz3 is chlorine. In one embodiment, Rz3 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rz3 is hydroxyl.
[0124] In one embodiment, Rz3 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is propyl or isopropyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz3) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz3) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Rz3) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl (e.g., methyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium or halogen (e.g., F or Cl) .
[0125] In one embodiment, Rz3 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rz3 is C3 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, or C6 cycloalkyl. . In one embodiment, Rz3 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz3) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz3) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in Rz3) is substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, oxo, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) deuterium, halogen (e.g., F or Cl) , or methyl.
[0126] In one embodiment, Rz1 is chlorine, Z2 is CH, and Rz3 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rz1 is fluorine, Z2 is CH, and Rz3 is methyl.
[0127] In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring containing X1 to X5 and Z1 to Z3 (i.e., ) is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is In one embodiment, the bicyclic ring is
[0128] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (IV-A1) , (IV-A2) , (IV-A3) , (IV-A4) , (IV-A5) , (IV-A6) , (IV-A7) , (IV-A8) , (IV-A9) , (IV-A10) , (IV-A11) , (IV-A12) , (IV-A13) , (IV-A14) , (IV-A15) , (IV-A16) , (IV-A17) , (IV-A18) , (IV-A19) , (IV-A20) , (IV-A21) , (IV-A22) , (IV-A23) , (IV-A24) , (IV-A25) , (IV-A26) , (IV-A27) , (IV-B1) , (IV-B2) , (IV-B3) , (IV-B4) , (IV-B5) , (IV-B6) , (IV-B7) , (IV-B8) , (IV-B9) , (IV-B10) , (IV-B11) , (IV-B12) , (IV-B13) , (IV-B14) , (IV-B15) , (IV-B16) , (IV-B17) , (IV-B18) , (IV-B19) , (IV-B20) , or (IV-B21) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0129] In one specific embodiment of Formulas (IV-A1) to (IV-A27) and (IV-B1) to (IV-B21) , Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or methyl. In one specific embodiment of Formulas (IV-A1) to (IV-A27) and (IV-B1) to (IV-B21) , Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or halomethyl (e.g., CHF2) .
[0130] In one embodiment, Ring A is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits. In one embodiment, ring A is cyclohexyl substituted with one or two R1.
[0131] In one embodiment, Ring A is C6-C18 aryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is phenyl. In one embodiment, the aryl (e.g., phenyl) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl (e.g., phenyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits.
[0132] In one embodiment, Ring A is 5 to 18-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring A is a 5-or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits.
[0133] In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 18-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 4-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl, and oxygen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrrolidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is piperidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is morpholinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is tetrahydropyranyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is tetrahydrofuranyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits.
[0134] In one embodiment, Ring A is phenyl or a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits. In one embodiment, Ring A is imidazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyridyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyridazinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrimidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is triazinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is pyrazinyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is triazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is oxazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring A is thiazolyl. In one embodiment, any of these Ring A is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, any of these Ring A is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits.
[0135] In one embodiment, Ring A is wherein the attachment to the left is to the urea moiety, and the attachment to the right is to a hydrogen or R1. In one embodiment, Ring A is wherein the attachment to the left is to the urea moiety, and the attachment to the righ t is to a hydrogen or R1.
[0136] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (V-A1) , (V-A2) , (V-A3) , (V-A4) , (V-A5) , (V-A6) , (V-A7) , (V-A8) , or (V-A9) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X7 is CRa7 or N; X8 is CRa8 or N; X9 is CRa9 or N; X10 is CRa10 or N; and Ra7, Ra8, Ra9, and Ra10 are each independently hydrogen or R1.
[0137] In one embodiment, Ra7, Ra8, Ra9, and Ra10 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits.
[0138] In one embodiment, X7 is CRa7. In one embodiment, X7 is N.
[0139] In one embodiment, Ra7 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra7 is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra7 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra7 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra7 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra7 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra7 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0140] In one embodiment, X8 is CRa8. In one embodiment, X8 is N.
[0141] In one embodiment, Ra8 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra8 is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra8 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra8 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra8 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra8 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra8 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0142] In one embodiment, X9 is CRa9. In one embodiment, X9 is N.
[0143] In one embodiment, Ra9 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra9 is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra9 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra9 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra9 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra9 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra9 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0144] In one embodiment, X10 is CRa10. In one embodiment, X10 is N.
[0145] In one embodiment, Ra10 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Ra10 is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra10 is nitro. In one embodiment, Ra10 is cyano. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra10 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ra10 is substituted. In one embodiment, Ra10 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0146] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (VI-A1) , (VI-A2) , (VI-A3) , (VI-A4) , (VI-A5) , (VI-A6) , (VI-A7) , (VI-A8) , (VI-A9) , (VI-A10) , (VI-A11) , (VI-A12) , (VI-A13) , (VI-A14) , (VI-A15) , (VI-A16) , (VI-A17) , (VI-A18) , (VI-A19) , (VI-A20) , (VI-A21) , (VI-A22) , (VI-A23) , (VI-A24) , (VI-A25) , (VI-A26) , (VI-A27) , (VI-A28) , or (VI-A29) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0147] In one specific embodiment of Formulas (VI-A1) to (VI-A29) , Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or methyl. In one specific embodiment of Formulas (VI-A1) to (VI-A29) , Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or halomethyl (e.g., CHF2) .
[0148] In one embodiment, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or methyl. In one embodiment, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or halomethyl (e.g., CHF2) .
[0149] In one embodiment, Ring A is 8 to 14-membered (e.g., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14-membered) bicyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 8 to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the bicyclic heteroaryl has a 6-membered heteroaryl that is connected to the urea. In one embodiment, Ring A is 8 to 14-membered (e.g., 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14-membered) bicyclic aryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 8 to 10-membered bicyclic aryl. In one embodiment, the bicyclic aryl has a phenyl that is connected to the urea. In one embodiment, Ring A is a phenyl or 6-membered heteroaryl fused with a 5-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the bicyclic heteroaryl or bicyclic aryl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the bicyclic heteroaryl or bicyclic aryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits.
[0150] In one embodiment, Ring A is wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one R1.
[0151] In one embodiment, Ring A is 11 to 18-membered (e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18-membered) tricyclic heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 12-membered tricyclic (e.g., 6, 5, 5-fused) heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 13-membered tricyclic (e.g., 6, 5, 6-fused or 6, 6, 5-fused) heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the tricyclic heteroaryl has a 6-membered heteroaryl that is connected to the urea. In one embodiment, Ring A is 11 to 18-membered (e.g., 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18-membered) tricyclic aryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 12-membered tricyclic (e.g., 6, 5, 5-fused) aryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is 13-membered tricyclic (e.g., 6, 5, 6-fused or 6, 6, 5-fused) aryl. In one embodiment, the tricyclic aryl has a phenyl that is connected to the urea. In one embodiment, the tricyclic heteroaryl or tricyclic aryl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the tricyclic heteroaryl or tricyclic aryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1, as valency permits.
[0152] In one embodiment, Ring A is wherein Y6 is CRb6 or N, Rb6 is hydrogen or R1, Ring F is a 4 to 10-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein Ring Aand Ring F optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.
[0153] In one embodiment, Ring F is a 4 to 10-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only ring heteroatom on Ring F. In one embodiment, Ring F is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only ring heteroatom on Ring F. In one embodiment, Ring F is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring F is a 5 to 7-membered nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing heterocyclyl.
[0154] In one embodiment, Ring F is azetidine ring, diazetidine ring, oxazetidine ring, thiazetidine ring, pyrrolidine ring, pyrroline ring, pyrazolidine ring, imidazolidine ring, oxazolidine ring, isoxazolidine ring, thiazolidine ring, isothiazolidine ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, hexahydropyridazine ring, hexahydropyrimidine ring, triazinane ring, morpholine ring, thiazinane ring, thiomorpholine ring, oxazinane ring, azaphosphinane ring, azepane ring, diazepane ring, oxazepane ring, oxadiazepine ring, thiazepine ring, or thiadiazepane ring; and Ring F is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.
[0155] In one embodiment, Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1.
[0156] In one embodiment, Ring A is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.
[0157] In one embodiment, Ring A is 5 or 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.
[0158] In one embodiment, Ring A (including R1, if any) is
[0159] In one embodiment, Ring A (e.g., any monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic Ring A provided herein) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ring A is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) R1, as valency permits. In one embodiment, Ring A is substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring A is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0160] In one embodiment, at least one R1 is present and is halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, -SO2 (C1-C6 alkyl) , -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , -S (=O) 2N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, -C (=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) , -CO2H, -CO2 (C1-C6 alkyl) , -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , -C (=O) N (C1-C6 alkyl) (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy; and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits. In one embodiment, the R1 is -NH2. In one embodiment, the R1 is -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits. In one embodiment, the R1 is -NHCH3. In one embodiment, the R1 is -NH-CH2CH2-NHCH3. In one embodiment, the R1 is -NH-CH2CH2-N (CH3) 2. In one embodiment, the R1 is -NH2 on a 6-membered heteroaryl (e.g., Ring A is pyrimidinyl substituted with -NH2) .
[0161] In one embodiment, R1 is absent. In one embodiment, R1 is halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl, or C1-C3 alkoxy, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted with one or more C1-C3 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C3 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C3 alkyl) 2, as valency permits.
[0162] In one embodiment, at least one R1 is present and is R2, and R2 is (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; and R2 is optionally substituted with one or more R3, as valency permits. In one embodiment, at least one R1 is present and is R2, and R2 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl, or 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl; and R2 is optionally substituted with one or more R3, as valency permits.
[0163] In one embodiment, the at least one R1 provided herein is present on monocyclic Ring A, bicyclic Ring A, or tricyclic Ring A provided herein. In one embodiment, only one such R1 is present. In one embodiment, in addition to the one such R1, one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R1 are present, and each of the additional R1 in independently C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2.
[0164] In one embodiment, R2 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, R2 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, R2 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, R2 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, R2 is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R3, as valency permits.
[0165] In one embodiment, R2 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, R2 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, R2 is phenyl. In one embodiment, the aryl (e.g., phenyl) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the aryl (e.g., phenyl) is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R3, as valency permits.
[0166] In one embodiment, R2 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, R2 is a 5-or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R3, as valency permits.
[0167] In one embodiment, R2 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 3-to 8-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, R2 is a nitrogen-containing 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 4 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 4 to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R2 is 4 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, and nitrogen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is 4 to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl, and oxygen is the only type of heteroatom contained in the heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R3, as valency permits.
[0168] In one embodiment, R2 is azetidinyl. In one embodiment, R2 is pyrrolidinyl. In one embodiment, R2 is piperidinyl. In one embodiment, R2 is piperazinyl. In one embodiment, R2 is morpholinyl. In one embodiment, R2 is thiazolyl. In one embodiment, R2 is oxazolyl. In one embodiment, R2 is imidazolyl. In one embodiment, any of these R2 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, any of these R2 is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R3, as valency permits.
[0169] In one embodiment, R2 is wherein the attachment to the left is to the Ring A, and the attachment to the right is to a hydrogen or R3.
[0170] In one embodiment, R2 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, R2 is substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4) R3, as valency permits. In one embodiment, R2 is substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R2 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0171] In one embodiment, at least one R3 is present and is -L-R3’ , wherein: L is absent, C1-C6 alkylene, or C3-C8 cycloalkylene, and wherein the alkylene and cycloalkylene are optionally substituted; R3’ is -SO2Rc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -SO2NH2, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rc, -C (=O) NRbRc, - C (=O) NH2, -NRb (C=O) Rc, ORc, -NRbRc, or Ring C which is a 3 to 12-membered heterocyclyl; Rb is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 12- membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl; Rc is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 12- membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl; wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more Ra13, as valency permits; and Ra13 is halogen, oxo, OH, -C (=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, or - C (=O) NH (C1-C6 alkyl) .
[0172] In one embodiment, at least one R3 is present and is -L- (Ring C) , L is absent or C1-C6 alkylene, and Ring C is a 3 to 12-membered heterocyclyl, and Ring C is optionally substituted with one or more Ra13, as valency permits.
[0173] In one embodiment, Ring C (or R3’a s applicable) is a 3 to 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 3 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 5 or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl.
[0174] In one embodiment, Ring C (or R3’a s applicable) is a 6 to 12-membered spiro heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6 to 12-membered nitrogen-containing spiro heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6 to 12-membered fused heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6 to 12-membered nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6 to 12-membered bridged heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is a 6 to 12-membered nitrogen-containing bridged heterocyclyl.
[0175] In one embodiment, Ring C (or R3’a s applicable) is azetidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is pyrrolidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is piperidinyl. In one embodiment, Ring B is piperazinyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is morpholinyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is thiazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is oxazolyl. In one embodiment, Ring C is imidazolyl.
[0176] In one embodiment, Ring C (or R3’ as applicable) is: wherein the point of attachment is to L, and Ring C is optionally substituted with one or more Ra13, as valency permits.
[0177] In one embodiment, Ring C (or R3’a s applicable) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Ring C is substituted with one or more Ra13. In one embodiment, Ring C is substituted with one Ra13. In one embodiment, Ring C is substituted with two Ra13. In one embodiment, Ring C is substituted with three Ra13.
[0178] In one embodiment, Ra13 is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Ra13 is oxo (=O) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is OH.
[0179] In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) (C1-C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) (CH3) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) (C2H5) . In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra13) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or oxo.
[0180] In one embodiment, Ra13 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is methyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra13) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or oxo.
[0181] In one embodiment, Ra13 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Ra13 is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy (in Ra13) is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or oxo.
[0182] In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) NH (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) NH (C1-C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) NH (CH3) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) NH (C2H5) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -C (=O) NH2. In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C=O) (C1-C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C=O) (CH3) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C=O) (C2H5) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2. In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C1-C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (CH3) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -NH (C2H5) . In one embodiment, Ra13 is -N (CH3) 2. In one embodiment, Ra13 is -N (CH3) (C2H5) . In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ra13) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or oxo.
[0183] In one embodiment, L is absent, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, or -CH (CH3) -.
[0184] In one embodiment, L is absent. In one embodiment, L is C1-C6 alkylene. In one embodiment, L is C1-C3 alkylene. In one embodiment, L is -CH2-. In one embodiment, L is -CH2CH2-. In one embodiment, L is -CH (CH3) -. In one embodiment, L is C3 alkylene, such as -C (CH3) 2-, -CH (CH3) CH2-, or -CH2CH2CH2-. In one embodiment, L is C4 alkylene. In one embodiment, L is C5 alkylene. In one embodiment, L is C6 alkylene. In one embodiment, the alkylene is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene is substituted with one or more hydroxyl, halogen, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0185] In one embodiment, R3’ is -SO2Rc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -SO2CH3. In one embodiment, R3’ is -S (=O) 2NRbRc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -S (=O) 2NHRc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -S (=O) 2NHCH3. In one embodiment, R3’ is -SO2NH2. In one embodiment, R3’ is -S (=O) (=NRb) Rc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -S (=O) (=NH) Rc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -S (=O) (=NH) CH3. In one embodiment, R3’ is -C (=O) NRbRc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -C (=O) NHRc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -C (=O) NHCH3. In one embodiment, R3’ is -C (=O) NH2. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NRb (C=O) Rc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NH (C=O) Rc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NH (C=O) CH3. In one embodiment, R3’ is -ORc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -OCH3. In one embodiment, R3’ is -OC2H5. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NRbRc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NHRc. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NH (C1-6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, R3’ is -N (C1-6 alkyl) 2. In one embodiment, R3’ is -NH (CH3) . In one embodiment, R3’ is -N (CH3) 2.
[0186] In one embodiment, Rb is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C1-C6 alkyl terminally substituted with hydroxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2.
[0187] In one embodiment, Rb is C2-C6 alkenyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C2 alkenyl, C3 alkenyl, C4 alkenyl, C5 alkenyl, or C6 alkenyl.
[0188] In one embodiment, Rb is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb is cyclohexyl.
[0189] In one embodiment, Rb is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb is phenyl.
[0190] In one embodiment, Rb is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0191] In one embodiment, Rb is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Rb is a 3-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb is a 3-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl.
[0192] In one embodiment, the Rb is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0193] In one embodiment, Rc is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is methyl. In one embodiment, Rc is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C1-C6 alkyl terminally substituted with hydroxy, C1-C6 alkoxy, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2.
[0194] In one embodiment, Rc is C2-C6 alkenyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C2 alkenyl, C3 alkenyl, C4 alkenyl, C5 alkenyl, or C6 alkenyl.
[0195] In one embodiment, Rc is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rc is cyclohexyl.
[0196] In one embodiment, Rc is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rc is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rc is phenyl.
[0197] In one embodiment, Rc is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0198] In one embodiment, Rc is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Rc is a 3-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rc is a 3-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl.
[0199] In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is In one embodiment, is
[0200] In one embodiment, Y1 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1.
[0201] In one embodiment, Rb1 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb1 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb1 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb1 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6 alkyl.
[0202] In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6 alkoxy.
[0203] In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is cyclohexyl.
[0204] In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is naphthyl.
[0205] In one embodiment, Rb1 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0206] In one embodiment, Rb1 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0207] In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C4-C6 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C4 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C5 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclobutyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopentyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclohexyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb1 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb1 is independently substituted.
[0208] In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C3 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C4 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C5 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb1 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb1 is independently substituted.
[0209] In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 10-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 to 8-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C4 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C5 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C6 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb1 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb1 is independently substituted.
[0210] In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is -CH2CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C4 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C5 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C6 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (4-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb1 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb1 is independently substituted.
[0211] In one embodiment, Rb1 is ORd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is OH. In one embodiment, Rb1 is SRd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb1 is NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is NRd (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is NH (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C=O) N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb1 is (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is COOH. In one embodiment, Rb1 is S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Rb1 is S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb1 is S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0212] In one embodiment, Rb1 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb1 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb1 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb1 is substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.
[0213] In one embodiment, Y2 is N. In one embodiment, Y2 is CRb2.
[0214] In one embodiment, Rb2 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, S (=O) 2Rd, or S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.
[0215] In one embodiment, Rb2 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb2 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb2 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb2 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6 alkyl.
[0216] In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6 alkoxy.
[0217] In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is cyclohexyl.
[0218] In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is naphthyl.
[0219] In one embodiment, Rb2 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0220] In one embodiment, Rb2 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Rb2 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted with halogen, C1-C3 alkyl, or ORd.
[0221] In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C4-C6 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C4 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C5 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclobutyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopentyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclohexyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb2 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb2 is independently substituted.
[0222] In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C3 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C4 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C5 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb2 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb2 is independently substituted.
[0223] In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 10-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 to 8-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C4 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C5 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C6 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb2 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb2 is independently substituted.
[0224] In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is -CH2CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C4 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C5 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C6 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (4-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb2 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb2 is independently substituted.
[0225] In one embodiment, Rb2 is ORd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is OH. In one embodiment, Rb2 is SRd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb2 is NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is NH2. In one embodiment, Rb2 is NHCH3. In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is NRd (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is NH (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C=O) N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb2 is (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is COOH. In one embodiment, Rb2 is S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Rb2 is S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb2 is S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0226] In one embodiment, Rb2 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb2 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb2 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb2 is substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.
[0227] In one embodiment, Y3 is N. In one embodiment, Y3 is CRb3.
[0228] In one embodiment, Rb3 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb3 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb3 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb3 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6 alkyl.
[0229] In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6 alkoxy.
[0230] In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is cyclohexyl.
[0231] In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is naphthyl.
[0232] In one embodiment, Rb3 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0233] In one embodiment, Rb3 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0234] In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C4-C6 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C4 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C5 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclobutyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopentyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclohexyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb3 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb3 is independently substituted.
[0235] In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C3 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C4 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C5 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb3 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb3 is independently substituted.
[0236] In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 10-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 to 8-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C4 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C5 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C6 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb3 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb3 is independently substituted.
[0237] In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is -CH2CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C4 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C5 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C6 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (4-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb3 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb3 is independently substituted.
[0238] In one embodiment, Rb3 is ORd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is OH. In one embodiment, Rb3 is SRd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb3 is NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is NH2. In one embodiment, Rb3 is NHCH3. In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is NRd (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is NH (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C=O) N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb3 is (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is COOH. In one embodiment, Rb3 is S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Rb3 is S (=O) 2 (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb3 is S (=O) 2CH3. In one embodiment, Rb3 is S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb3 is S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0239] In one embodiment, Rb3 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb3 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb3 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb3 is substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.
[0240] In one embodiment, Y4 is N. In one embodiment, Y4 is CRb4.
[0241] In one embodiment, Rb4 is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rb4 is halogen (F, Cl, Br, or I) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is fluorine. In one embodiment, Rb4 is nitro. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyano. In one embodiment, Rb4 is hydroxyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is methyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6 alkyl.
[0242] In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6 alkoxy.
[0243] In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is cyclohexyl.
[0244] In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is phenyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is naphthyl.
[0245] In one embodiment, Rb4 is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0246] In one embodiment, Rb4 is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms.
[0247] In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C4-C6 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2CH2- (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C3 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C4 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C5 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclobutyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclopentyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (cyclohexyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb4 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or cycloalkyl in Rb4 is independently substituted.
[0248] In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2CH2- (C6-C8 aryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C3 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C4 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C5 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (phenyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb4 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or aryl in Rb4 is independently substituted.
[0249] In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 10-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 to 8-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2CH2- (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C3 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C4 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C5 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C6 alkylene) - (5 or 6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heteroaryl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb4 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heteroaryl in Rb4 is independently substituted.
[0250] In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2- (3 to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is -CH2CH2- (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C3 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C4 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C5 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C6 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (4-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C1-C6 alkylene) - (6-membered heterocyclyl) . In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb4 is independently unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkylene or heterocyclyl in Rb4 is independently substituted.
[0251] In one embodiment, Rb4 is ORd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is OH. In one embodiment, Rb4 is SRd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb4 is NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C=S) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is NRd (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is NH (C=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C=O) N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb4 is (C=O) NHRd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is OC (=O) Rd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is C (=O) ORd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is COOH. In one embodiment, Rb4 is S (=O) 2Rd. In one embodiment, Rb4 is S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2. In one embodiment, Rb4 is S (=O) 2NHRd.
[0252] In one embodiment, Rb4 is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, Rb4 is substituted. In one embodiment, Rb4 is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rb4 is substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.
[0253] In one embodiment, Rd is hydrogen. In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is methyl. In one embodiment, Rd is ethyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, Rd is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Rd is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Rd is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl in Rd is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0254] In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is methoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is ethoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, Rd is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Rd is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Rd is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy in Rd is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0255] In one embodiment, two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 4-membered heterocyclyl, 5-membered heterocyclyl, or 6-membered heterocyclyl.
[0256] In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is N, Y3 is CRb3, and Y4 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is CRb2, Y3 is CRb3, and Y4 is CRb4. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is CRb2, Y3 is N, and Y4 is CRb4. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is CRb2, Y3 is N, and Y4 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is N, Y3 is CRb3, and Y4 is CRb4. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is CRb2, Y3 is N, and Y4 is CRb4. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is CRb2, Y3 is N, and Y4 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is N, Y3 is N, and Y4 is CRb4. In one embodiment, Y1 is N, Y2 is N, Y3 is CRb3, and Y4 is N. In one embodiment, Y1 is CRb1, Y2 is N, Y3 is N, and Y4 is N.
[0257] In one embodiment, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 together with the carbon atoms adjacent to Y1 and Y2 form a phenyl ring. In one embodiment, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 together with the carbon atoms adjacent to Y1 and Y2 form a pyridinyl ring. In one embodiment, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 together with the carbon atoms adjacent to Y1 and Y2 form a pyrimidinyl ring. In one embodiment, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 together with the carbon atoms adjacent to Y1 and Y2 form a pyridazinyl ring. In one embodiment, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 together with the carbon atoms adjacent to Y1 and Y2 form a pyrazinyl ring. In one embodiment, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 together with the carbon atoms adjacent to Y1 and Y2 form a triazine ring.
[0258] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (V-B1) , (V-B2) , (V-B3) , (V-B4) , (V-B5) , (V-B6) , (V-B7) , (V-B8) , (V-B9) , (V-B10) , (V-B11) , (V-B12) , (V-B13) , (V-B14) , (V-B15) , or (V-B16) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0259] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound of Formula (VI-B1) , (VI-B2) , (VI-B3) , (VI-B4) , (VI-B5) , (VI-B6) , (VI-B7) , (VI-B8) , (VI-B9) , (VI-B10) , (VI-B11) , (VI-B12) , (VI-B13) , (VI-B14) , (VI-B15) , (VI-B16) , (VI-B17) , (VI-B18) , (VI-B19) , or (VI-B20) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0260] In one specific embodiment of Formulas (VI-B1) to (VI-B20) , Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, and Rz3 are each independently F (when not on a nitrogen) , Cl (when not on a nitrogen) , or methyl.
[0261] In one embodiment, any two of adjacent Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 together with the carbons they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered Ring M. In one embodiment, Rb1 and Rb2 together with the carbons they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered Ring M. In one embodiment, Rb2 and Rb3 together with the carbons they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered Ring M. In one embodiment, Rb3 and Rb4 together with the carbons they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered Ring M.
[0262] In one embodiment, Ring M is a 3 to 12-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4 to 10-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 7-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in Ring M) comprises one or more ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, S and P, and wherein the S and P are optionally substituted with one or more oxo. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or more ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, S and P, and wherein the S and P are optionally substituted with one or more oxo. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4 to 6-membered N-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 4 to 6-membered S-containing heterocyclyl, wherein the S is optionally substituted with one or two oxo. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 5-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or more ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and wherein the S is optionally substituted with one or two oxo. For the convenience of the perspective of Ring M itself, when Ring M is a heterocyclyl (e.g. tetrahydrofuran ring) , the fused bond between Ring M and the ring comprising Y1–Y4 may be displayed as a single bond even though it may be a double bond (or part of an aromatic system) . A person of ordinary skill in the art would know what it is actually in the compound as a whole.
[0263] In one embodiment, Ring M is 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring M is 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring M is 5-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring M is 6-membered heteroaryl. In one embodiment, the heteroaryl (in Ring M) comprises one or more ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and wherein the S is optionally substituted with one or two oxo. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 5-membered heteroaryl comprising one or more ring heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N and S, and wherein the S is optionally substituted with one or two oxo. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 5-membered N-containing heteroaryl. In one embodiment, Ring M is a 5-membered S-containing heteroaryl, wherein the S is optionally substituted with one or two oxo. For the convenience of the perspective of Ring M itself, when Ring M is a heteroaryl (e.g. pyridine ring) , the fused bond between Ring M and the ring comprising Y1–Y4 maybe displayed as a single bond even though it may be a double bond (or part of an aromatic system) . A person of ordinary skill in the art would know what is actually in the compound as a whole.
[0264] In one embodiment, Ring M is C6-C10 aryl. In one embodiment, Ring M is C6-C8 aryl. In one embodiment, Ring M is phenyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is naphthyl. For the convenience of the perspective of Ring M itself, when Ring M is an aryl (e.g. phenyl ring) , the fused bond between Ring M and the ring comprising Y1–Y4 maybe displayed as a single bond even though it may be a double bond (or part of an aromatic system) . A person of ordinary skill in the art would know what is actually in the compound as a whole.
[0265] In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted dioxolane ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted tetrahydrothiophene ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyrrolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted imidazoline ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted azetidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyrroline ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyrazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted imidazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted oxazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted thiazolidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted piperidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted piperazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted hexahydropyridazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted hexahydropyrimidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted morpholine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted oxazinane ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted phospholane ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted benzene ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyridine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyrazoline ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyridazine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted pyrimidine ring. In one embodiment, Ring M is an optionally substituted triazine ring. For the convenience of the perspective of Ring M itself, the fused bond between Ring M and the ring comprising Y1–Y4 maybe displayed as a single bond even though it may be a double bond (or part of an aromatic system) . A person of ordinary skill in the art would know what is actually in the compound as a whole.
[0266] In one embodiment, Ring M is unsubstituted.
[0267] In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more oxo. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) . In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more fluorine. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more nitro. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more cyano. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more hydroxyl.
[0268] In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more -O (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more methoxy. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more ethoxy. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more -O (C3 alkyl) . In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ring M) is further substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more -C (=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ring M) is further substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) . In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2. In one embodiment, Ring M is substituted with one or more -N (C1-C3 alkyl) 2. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in Ring M) is further substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, oxo, nitro, cyano, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl.
[0269] In one embodiment, R1a is hydrogen.
[0270] In one embodiment, R1a is optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, R1a is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R1a is methyl. In one embodiment, R1a is ethyl. In one embodiment, R1a is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R1a is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, R1a is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, R1a is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in R1a) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in R1a) is substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, or hydroxyl.
[0271] In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, deuterium, OH, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl.
[0272] In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 alkyl substituted with one or more halogens. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is methyl. In one embodiment, R is fluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R is difluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R is trifluoromethyl. In one embodiment, R is ethyl. In one embodiment, R is ethyl substituted with one or more halogen. In one embodiment, R is ethyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) fluorine. In one embodiment, R is ethyl substituted with two fluorine. In one embodiment, R is -CF2CH3. In one embodiment, R is C3 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is isopropyl. In one embodiment, R is C4 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is C5 alkyl. In one embodiment, R is C6 alkyl. In one embodiment, the alkyl (in R) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more halogen. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkyl substituted with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5) fluorine. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more hydroxyl or C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more C3-C6 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) . In one embodiment, the alkyl is substituted with one or more halogen and C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, the R is C1-C3 alkyl substituted cyclopropyl.
[0273] In one embodiment, R is C1-C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C1-C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is methoxy. In one embodiment, R is ethoxy. In one embodiment, R is C3 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C4 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C5 alkoxy. In one embodiment, R is C6 alkoxy. In one embodiment, the alkoxy (in R) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy is substituted. In one embodiment, the alkoxy is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0274] In one embodiment, R is C3-C8 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is C3-C6 cycloalkyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclopropyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclobutyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclopentyl. In one embodiment, R is cyclohexyl. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl (in R) is substituted. In one embodiment, the cycloalkyl is substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0275] In one embodiment, R is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 3-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 4-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 5-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 6-membered heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 3-to 6-membered heterocyclyl containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur ring atoms. In one embodiment, R is a 3-to 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 4-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 5-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, R is a 3-to 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl (in R) is unsubstituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted. In one embodiment, the heterocyclyl is substituted with one or more halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy.
[0276] In one embodiment, R is oxiran-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is oxetan-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is oxetan-3-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydrofuran-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydrofuran-3-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl. In one embodiment, R is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl. In one embodiment, R is azetidinyl (e.g., 1-azetidinyl, or 3-azetidinyl) . In one embodiment, R is pyrrolidinyl (e.g., pyrrolidin-1-yl) . In one embodiment, R is piperidinyl (e.g., piperidin-1-yl) . In one embodiment, R is piperazinyl (e.g., piperazin-1-yl, or 4- (C1-C6 alkyl) piperazin-1-yl) . In one embodiment, R is morpholinyl (e.g., 4-morpholinyl) .
[0277] In one embodiment, R is CH3, CF3, CHF2, CF2CH3, CF2C2H5, CF2-cyclopropyl, CH2-cyclopropyl, CHFCH3, CHFCH2F, CH2CF3, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, oxiran-2-yl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, or tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.
[0278] In one embodiment, the carbon connected to R has S-configuration. In one embodiment, the carbon connected to R has R-configuration.
[0279] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are single enantiomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are single diastereoisomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are mixtures of enantiomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are mixtures of diastereoisomers. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are racemic compounds.
[0280] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess (ee) of at least about 50%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 80%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 90%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 95%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 97%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 99%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 99.5%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have an enantiomeric excess of at least about 99.9%.
[0281] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess (de) of at least about 50%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 80%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 90%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 95%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 97%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 99%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 99.5%. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein have a diastereomeric excess of at least about 99.9%.
[0282] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound in Table 1 or Table 1A, or a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Table 1.
[0283] In one embodiment, the compound is a compound in Table 1A, or a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Table 1A.
[0284] For any compound in Table 1 or 1A that shows a straight bond (——) at the chiral center at the carbon atom bearing the R group (e.g., CF3 or CF2CH3) , the corresponding compound with an absolute R-configuration at said chiral center is also specifically provided herein, even if the stereochemistry is not specifically displayed in the structure. Similarly, for any compound in Table 1 or 1A that shows a straight bond (——) at the chiral center at the carbon atom bearing the R group, the corresponding compound with an absolute S-configuration at said chiral center is also specifically provided herein, even if the stereochemistry is not specifically displayed in the structure. When one enantiomer is provided in Table 1 or Table 1A, its other enantiomer and racemate are also specifically provided.
[0285] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are PI3Kα inhibitors that reduce the level of PI3Kα protein and / or inhibit or reduce at least one biological activity (e.g., enzymatic activity) of PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the expression level of the PI3Kαprotein is reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%or 99%. In one embodiment, the biological activity of the PI3Kα protein is reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%or 99%.
[0286] The ability of test compounds to act as inhibitors of PI3Kα may be demonstrated by assays known in the art. The activity of the compounds and compositions provided herein as PI3Kα inhibitors can be assayed in vitro, in vivo, or in a cell line. In vitro assays include assays that determine inhibition of the kinase. Alternate in vitro assays quantitate the ability of the inhibitor to bind to the protein kinase and can be measured either by radio labeling the compound prior to binding, isolating the compound / kinase complex and determining the amount of radio label bound, or by running a competition experiment where new compounds are incubated with the kinase bound to known radio ligands.
[0287] Potency of a PI3Kα inhibitor as provided herein can be determined by EC50 value. A compound with a lower EC50 value, as determined under substantially similar conditions, is a more potent inhibitor relative to a compound with a higher EC50 value. In some embodiments, the substantially similar conditions comprise determining a PI3Kα-dependent phosphorylation level, in vitro or in vivo (e.g., in tumor cells, A594 cells, U2OS cells, A431 cells, Ba / F3 cells, or 3T3 cells expressing a wild type PI3Kα, a mutant PI3Kα, or a fragment of any thereof) .
[0288] Potency of a PI3Kα inhibitor as provided herein can also be determined by IC50 value. A compound with a lower IC50 value, as determined under substantially similar conditions, is a more potent inhibitor relative to a compound with a higher IC50 value. In some embodiments, the substantially similar conditions comprise determining a PI3Kα-dependent phosphorylation level, in vitro or in vivo (e.g., in tumor cells, SKOV3, T47D, CAL33, BT20, HSC2, OAW42, NCI, HCC1954, NCIH1048, Detroit562, A594 cells, U2OS cells, A431 cells, A594 cells, U2OS cells, Ba / F3 cells, or 3T3 cells expressing a wild type PI3Kα, a mutant PI3Kα, or a fragment of any thereof) .
[0289] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity in the range of about 1 pM to about 100 μM, about 1 pM to about 1 μM, about 1 pM to about 500 nM, or about 1 pM to about 100 nM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of about 100 nM to about 1 μM, about 100 nM to about 900 nM, about 100 nM to about 800 nM, about 100 nM to about 700 nM, about 100 nM to about 600 nM, about 100 nM to about 500 nM, about 100 nM to about 400 nM, about 100 nM to about 300 nM, about 100 nM to about 200 nM, about 200 nM to about 1 μM, about 300 nM to about 1 μM, about 400 nM to about 1 μM, about 500 nM to about 1 μM, about 600 nM to about 1 μM, about 700 nM to about 1 μM, about 800 nM to about 1 μM, about 900 nM to about 1 μM, about 100 nM, about 200 nM, about 300 nM, about 400 nM, about 500 nM, about 600 nM, about 700 nM, about 800 nM, or about 900 nM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of about 1 nM to about 100 nM, about 1 nM to about 90 nM, about 1 nM to about 80 nM, about 1 nM to about 70 nM, about 1 nM to about 60 nM, about 1 nM to about 50 nM, about 1 nM to about 40 nM, about 1 nM to about 30 nM, about 1 nM to about 20 nM, about 1 nM to about 10 nM, about 10 nM to about 100 nM, about 20 nM to about 100 nM, about 30 nM to about 100 nM, about 40 nM to about 100 nM, about 50 nM to about 100 nM, about 60 nM to about 100 nM, about 70 nM to about 100 nM, about 80 nM to about 100 nM, about 90 nM to about 100 nM, about 1 nM, about 2 nM, about 3 nM, about 4 nM, about 5 nM, about 6 nM, about 7 nM, about 8 nM, about 9 nM, about 10 nM, about 20 nM, about 30 nM, about 40 nM, about 50 nM, about 60 nM, about 70 nM, about 80 nM, about 90 nM, or about 100 nM. In some embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of less than about 1 μM, less than about 500 nM, less than about 100 nM, less than about 10 nM, or less than about 1 nM. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to a PI3Kα protein with an affinity of less than 1 nM. In one embodiment, the affinity is characterized by an IC50 value. In one embodiment, the affinity is characterized by an EC50 value. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein is wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has one or more mutations, e.g., the mutations in Table 2.
[0290] In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibit selective inhibition of PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein selectively target PI3Kα over another isoform of PI3K (e.g., PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ, or PI3Kγ) . In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein is capable of binding to the helical or kinase domain of PI3Kα. The helical or kinase domain of PI3Kα is known in the art (e.g. Zhao et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008, 105: 2652–2657) . In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein bind to an allosteric site in the kinase domain. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibits picomolar, nanomolar, or micromolar potency against a PI3Kα kinase with one or more mutations, with minimal activity against related kinases (e.g., wild type PI3Kα) . Inhibition of wild type PI3Kα can cause undesirable side effects (e.g., hyperglycemia and skin rashes) that can impact quality of life and compliance, or lead to dose limiting toxicities. See, e.g., Hanker, et al., Cancer Disc. 2019, 9 (4) : 482-491. Mutant-selective inhibitors may reduce the risk of such dose limiting toxicities, including hyperglycemia, observed with inhibitors of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibits higher inhibition of a mutant PI3Kα than wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein exhibit at least 1.5-fold, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 10-fold, 20-fold, 30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold, 500-fold, or 1000-fold higher inhibition of a mutant PI3Kα than wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, a compound provided herein exhibits from about 2-fold to about 10-fold greater inhibition of PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein relative to inhibition of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, a compound provided herein exhibits from about 10-fold to about 100-fold greater inhibition of PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein relative to inhibition of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, a compound provided herein exhibits from about 100-fold to about 1000-fold greater inhibition of PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein relative to inhibition of wild type PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the mutant PI3Kα has one or more mutations, e.g., the mutations in Table 2.
[0291] The selectivity between wild type PI3Kα and PI3Kα containing one or more mutations as described herein can also be measured using in vitro assays such as surface plasmon resonance and fluorence-based binding assays, and cellular assays such as the levels of pAKT, a biomarker of PI3Kα activity, or proliferation assays where cell proliferation is dependent on mutant PI3Kα kinase activity. METHODS OF USE
[0292] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating diseases or conditions by inhibiting a PI3Kα protein comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein.
[0293] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a PI3Kα-associated disease or disorder, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In one embodiment, the disease or disorder is PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndromes (PROS) . In one embodiment, the disease or disorder is a proliferative disease (e.g., cancer) .
[0294] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein or a pharmaceutical composition provided herein. In one embodiment, the cancer is a PI3Kα-associated cancer. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα-associated cancer has one or more mutations described in Table 2. In one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of diagnosing the subject as having a PI3Kα-associated cancer.
[0295] In one embodiment, the cancer is a hematological cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is a solid tumor. In one embodiment the cancer is breast cancer (including both HER2+ and HER2-breast cancer, ER+ breast cancer, and triple negative breast cancer) , colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphangioma, meningioma, head and neck squamous cell cancer (including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) , melanoma (including uveal melanoma) , kidney cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNETs) , stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer (including adenocarcinoma lung cancer and squamous cell lung carcinoma) , glioma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, or endometrial cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is head and neck cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, hematological cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, or gastric cancer.
[0296] In one embodiment, the cancer is head and neck cancer (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) , or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is brain cancer (e.g., glioblastoma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is breast cancer (e.g., triple negative breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, or HER2-negative breast cancer) . In one embodiment, the cancer is ovarian cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is cervical cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is lung cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma lung cancer, and squamous cell lung carcinoma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is kidney cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is bladder cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is liver cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is sarcoma. In one embodiment, the cancer is a hematological cancer (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma) . In one embodiment, the cancer is thyroid cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colon cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is gastric cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colorectal cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is endometrial cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is an advanced or metastatic.
[0297] In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity, or level of any of the same. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has one or more mutations in the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has a dysregulation of a PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the cancer is associated with or has one or more mutations in a PI3Kαprotein. In one embodiment, the mutation in a PI3Kα protein comprises one or more PI3Kαprotein substitutions, point mutations, and insertions. Non-limiting examples of PI3Kαprotein mutations (e.g. substitutions, insertions, or deletions) are described in Table 2.
[0298] In one embodiment, the dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity or level of any of the same, includes a splice variation in a PI3KαmRNA which results in an expressed protein that is an alternatively spliced variant of PI3Kαhaving at least one residue deleted (as compared to the wild type PI3Kα protein) resulting in a constitutive activity of a PI3Kα protein domain.
[0299] In one embodiment, the dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity or level of any of the same, includes at least one point mutation in a PIK3CA gene that results in the production of a PI3Kα protein that has one or more amino acid substitutions or insertions or deletions in a PIK3CA gene that results in the production of a PI3Kα protein that has one or more amino acids inserted or removed, as compared to the wild type PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the resulting mutant PI3Kα protein has increased activity, as compared to a wild type PI3Kα protein or a PI3Kα protein not including the same mutation. In one embodiment, the compounds described herein selectively inhibit the resulting mutant PI3Kα protein relative to a wild type PI3Kα protein or a PI3Kα protein not including the same mutation.
[0300] In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein mutation is E542A, E542G, E542K, E542Q, E542V, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, E545Q, M1043I, M1043L, M1043T, M1043V, H1047L, H1047Q, H1047R, H1047Y, or G1049R, or a combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein mutation is H1047X, where X is any amino acid. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein mutation is H1047R.
[0301] In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutation comprises a modification in a codon that encodes an amino acid substitution at a specific position selected from a group consisting of G118, C420, E542, E545, Q546, H1047, and any combination thereof, in the corresponding PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutation results in the translation of a PI3Kα protein having one or more mutations in the adaptor-binding domain (ABD) , C2 domain, helicase domain, or kinase domain. In one embodiment, the mutation is in Exon 7, Exon 9, or Exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has a mutation in the helicase domain, for example, resulting from a mutation in Exon 7 or Exon 9 of the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has a mutation in the kinase domain, for example, resulting from a mutation in Exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene. In one embodiment, the PI3Kα protein has mutations in both the helical domain and kinase domain. In one embodiment, the mutation is C420R. In one embodiment, the mutation is E542K, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, Q546E, or Q546R. In one embodiment, the mutation is H1047L, H1047R, or H1047Y.
[0302] In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutations and PI3Kα protein mutations are those described in Mangone et al., Clinics. 2012; 67 (11) : 1285-1290; Ligresti et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8 (9) : 1352–1358; Zhao et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008, 105: 2652–2657, the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0303] In one embodiment, a compound provided herein is used to treat a cancer, wherein the cancer is a PIK3CA mutant cancer. In one embodiment, the cancer is colon cancer having one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of C311G, G317T, G323C, del332–334, G353A, G365A, C370A, T1035A, T1258C, G1357C, C1616G, A1625G, A1634G, G1635T, C1636A, A1637C, C1981A, G2702T, T2725C, T3022C, A3073G, C3074A, G3129T, C3139T, and A3140T in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is glioblastomas having one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of T1132C, G1048C, A2102C, and G3145A in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is gastric cancer having G2702T, or A3140G mutation in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is lung cancer having G1633A mutation in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancer is breast cancer having one or more mutations selected from the group consisting of C1241T, T1258C, del1352–1366, G1624A, G1633A, C1636G, A3140G, A3140T, G1624A, G1633A, A1634G, C3075T, A3140T, and A3140G in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the PIK3CA mutant cancers are those described in Ligresti et al., Cell Cycle, 2009, 8 (9) : 1352–1358, the entirely of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0304] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a PI3Kα-associated cancer in a subject comprising (a) diagnosing the cancer in the subject as a PI3Kα-associated cancer, and then (b) administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound provided herein to the subject. In one embodiment, the diagnosing of PI3Kα-associated cancer involves liquid biopsy. In one embodiment, the diagnosing of PI3Kα-associated cancer involves tumor biopsy. In one embodiment, the diagnosing of PI3Kα-associated cancer involves genetic testing (e.g., DNA sequencing) .
[0305] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a subject having a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene or PI3Kα protein by administering a compound provided herein to the subject. In one embodiment, the subject has been identified or diagnosed as having a cancer with a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene or a PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the subject has one or more mutations in the PIK3CA gene, or in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the subject has a tumor that is positive for a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene or a PI3Kα protein. In one embodiment, the subject has a tumor that is positive for a mutation in the coding exons of PIK3CA. In one embodiment, the subject has a tumor that is positive for a mutation in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα. In one embodiment, the one or more mutations in a PIK3CA gene can result, e.g., in the translation of an PI3Kα protein having one or more of the following amino acids: 542, 545, 1043, and 1047 and 1049. In one embodiment, PI3Kα protein has one or more mutations selected from the groups consisting of E542A, E542G, E542K, E542Q, E542V, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, E545Q, M1043I, M1043L, M1043T, M1043V, H1047L, H1047Q, H1047R, H1047Y, and G1049R. In one embodiment, the cancer with a dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or expression or activity or level of any of the same is determined using a regulatory agency-approved, e.g., FDA-approved, assay or kit. In one embodiment, the assay utilizes next generation sequencing, pyrosequencing, immunohistochemistry, or break apart FISH analysis. In one embodiment, the assay is a regulatory agency-approved assay, e.g., FDA-approved kit. In one embodiment, the assay is a liquid biopsy. In one embodiment, the biological sample to be used in a liquid biopsy includes, e.g., blood, plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage, bile, lymphatic fluid, cyst fluid, stool, ascites, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a liquid biopsy is used to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) . In one embodiment, a liquid biopsy is used to detect cell-free DNA. In one embodiment, cell-free DNA detected using a liquid biopsy is circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that is derived from tumor cells. In one embodiment, analysis of ctDNA (e.g., using sensitive detection techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) , traditional PCR, digital PCR, or microarray analysis) is used to identify dysregulation of a PIK3CA gene, a PI3Kα protein, or the expression or activity or level of any of the same. Additional assays are also known in the art.
[0306] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use as a medicament or are provided for use in preparing a medicament, e.g., for the treatment of cancer. In some embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use in a method for the treatment of cancer.
[0307] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are provided for use in a method for the treatment of diseases or conditions by inhibiting PI3Kα protein.
[0308] Exemplary sequence of human phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit isoform alpha (UniProtKB entry P42336) (SEQ ID NO: 1) is listed below. Table 2. Exemplary mutations (substitutions / insertions / deletions) in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα protein PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
[0309] Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound provided herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0310] The pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered by various routes to mammals, including rodents and humans. In one embodiment, the administration is intranasal, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intraarticular, intralesional, intratracheal, subcutaneous, or intradermal administration. In one embodiment, the administration is intravenous administration. In one embodiment, the administration is intramuscular administration.
[0311] In one embodiment, the administration is oral administration. In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is orally administered in an orally acceptable dosage form including capsules, tablets, aqueous suspensions or solutions.
[0312] In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are administered to a mammal in the form of a raw chemical without any other components present. In one embodiment, compounds provided herein are administered to a mammal as part of a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound combined with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (see, for example, Gennaro, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy with Facts and Comparisons: Drugfacts Plus, 20th ed. (2003) ; Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7th ed., Lippencott Williams and Wilkins (2004) ; Kibbe et al., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3rd ed., Pharmaceutical Press (2000) ) . Non-limiting examples of pharmaceutically suitable carriers include solids and / or liquids such as water, alcohol and glycerol. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and diluents include, but are not limited to buffers, preservatives, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, wetting agents, antioxidants, flavorings, thickeners, coloring agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents and the like. Non-limiting examples of excipients and diluents also include sucrose, lactose, dextrose, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol, maltitol, starch, alginate, gelatin, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, water, methylhydroxy benzoate, propylhydroxy benzoate, talc, magnesium stearate and mineral oil.
[0313] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is prepared as liquid suspensions or solutions using a liquid, such as an oil, water, an alcohol, and combinations of these.
[0314] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is prepared as a sterile injectable, which may be aqueous or oleaginous suspensions. The suspension is formulated according to techniques known in the art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents (e.g., Polysorbate) . In one embodiment, the sterile injectable formulation is a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a diluent or solvent. In one embodiment, , sterile fixed oils are employed as a solvent or suspending medium. Pharmaceutically acceptable natural oils or fatty acids may also be used in the preparation of injectable formulations.
[0315] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration.
[0316] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered topically, especially when the target of treatment includes areas or organs readily accessible by topical application, including diseases of the eye, the skin, or the lower intestinal tract. Topical application for the lower intestinal tract is effected in a rectal suppository formulation or in a suitable enema formulation. Topically-transdermal patches may also be used. For topical applications, the pharmaceutical compositions is formulated in a suitable ointment, lotion, or cream containing the active component suspended or dissolved in one or more carriers.
[0317] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered ophthalmically and formulated as micronized suspensions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, or, solutions in isotonic, pH adjusted sterile saline, either with or without a preservative such as benzyl alkonium chloride. In one embodiment, for ophthalmic uses, the pharmaceutical compositions is formulated in an ointment such as petrolatum.
[0318] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation. Such compositions are prepared according to techniques known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorption promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and / or other conventional solubilizing or dispersing agents.
[0319] In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions to be used for in vivo administration can be sterile. In one embodiment, this is accomplished by filtration through, e.g., sterile filtration membranes.
[0320] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition provided herein is administered to a patient that may experience the beneficial effects of a compound provided herein. In one embodiment, the patients are mammals, e.g., humans and companion animals. In one embodiment, the patient is a human.
[0321] In one embodiment, also provided herein are kits which comprise a compound provided herein (or a composition comprising a compound provided herein) packaged in a manner that facilitates their use to practice methods provided herein. In one embodiment, the kit includes a compound provided herein (or a composition comprising a compound provided herein) packaged in a container, such as a sealed vial, with a label affixed to the container or included in the kit that describes use of the compound or composition to practice the method provided herein. In one embodiment, the compound or composition is packaged in a unit dosage form. In one embodiment, the kit further includes a device suitable for administering the compound or composition according to the intended route of administration. In one embodiment, the kit comprises a compound provided herein, and instructions for administering the compound to a patient having cancer. EXAMPLES
[0322] Methods for preparing the compounds provided herein are illustrated in the following examples. Unless otherwise noted, all starting materials were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification, or alternatively can be synthesized by a skilled person by using well-known methods.
[0323] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, when the stereochemical configuration for a chiral center in a compound provided herein is drawn stereo specifically (e.g., with widget and / or dash bonds) , either without additional designation or being designated “R” (or “ (R) ” ) or “S’ (or “ (S) ” ) , it means the mixture (s) was separated and absolute stereochemistry was known, or only one enantiomer was obtained and absolute stereochemistry was known. For some compounds, the stereochemical configuration at indicated centers has been designated as “*R” (first eluted from the column in case the column conditions of the separation are described in the synthesis protocol and when only one stereocenter present or indicated) or “*S” (second eluted from the column in case the column conditions of the separation are described in the synthesis protocol and when only one stereocenter present or indicated) when the absolute stereochemistry is undetermined (even if the bonds are drawn stereo specifically) although the compound itself has been isolated as a single stereoisomer and is enantiomerically pure. In case a compound designated as “*R” is converted into another compound, the “*R” indication of the resulting compound is derived from its starting material. Process of Preparation
[0324] In one embodiment, provided herein is a process (Method 1) for the preparation of a compound provided herein comprising the following steps:
[0325] Step 1: at a suitable temperature such as from -78 to 0 ℃, in the presence of a suitable base such as LDA in a suitable solvent such as THF.
[0326] Step 2: at a suitable temperature such as from 0 ℃ to room temperature, in the presence of an acid such as TFA or HCl in a suitable solvent such as DCM. In one embodiment, the primary amine group of the product of Step 2 is converted into an isothiocyanate group (e.g., in intermediates 152, 154, and 164) to synthesize compounds of Formula (I-B) .
[0327] Step 3: at a suitable temperature such as from 0 ℃ to room temperature, in the presence of an organic base such as TEA or DIEA and in the presence of phenyl carbonochloridate in a suitable solvent such as THF.
[0328] Step 4: at a suitable temperature such as from 0 to 40 ℃, in the presence of an organic base such as TEA or DIEA and in the presence of pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine in a suitable solvent such as DMF or THF. In one embodiment, the pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine in step 4 is replaced by another amine (e.g., tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-amine, tetrahydrofuran-3-amine, or 4-aminocyclohexan-1-ol) to prepare other compounds in Table 1. Preparation of intermediates
[0329] For intermediates that were used in a next reaction step as a crude or as a partially purified intermediate, in some cases no molar amounts are mentioned for such intermediate in the next reaction step or alternatively estimated molar amounts or theoretical molar amounts for such intermediate in the next reaction step are indicated in the reaction protocols described below. Preparation of intermediate 1
[0330] To a solution of 4-bromo-3-fluorophenol (21.0 g, 109.9 mmol) , TEA (45.8 mL, 329.8 mmol) in DCM (300 mL) was added acetyl chloride (9.4 mL, 131.9 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine. The organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with EtOAc in PE (0%-1%) to give intermediate 1 (19 g, 81.53 mmol, 74.15%) as a colorless oil.
[0331] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 1. Preparation of intermediate 2
[0332] A mixture of intermediate 1 (15.0 g, 64.3 mmol) and AlCl3 (25.7 g, 193.1 mmol) were stirred at 140 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, quenched with ice-water and extracted with DCM (200 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with EtOAc in PE (0%-5%) to give intermediate 2 (14.0 g, 60.08 mmol, 93.33%) as a yellow solid.
[0333] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 2. Preparation of intermediate 3
[0334] To a solution of intermediate 2 (5 g, 21.4 mmol) DMF (50 mL) was added ethyl 2-bromoacetate (2.6 mL, 23.6 mmol) and K2CO3 (7.41 g, 53.6 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 60℃ overnight. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (30 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with EtOAc in PE (from 0 to 8%) to give intermediate 3 (6.08 g, 19.06 mmol, 88.87%) as a yellow solid.
[0335] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 3. Preparation of intermediate 4
[0336] To a solution of intermediate 3 (6.08 g, 19.1 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added THF (10 mL) , water (5 mL) and NaOH (800 mg, 20.0 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was acidified by HCl (1 N) , and the white solid was participated. The solid was filtered and dried under vacuum to afford intermediate 4 (4.27 g, 14.67 mmol, 77.00%) as a white solid.
[0337] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 4. Preparation of intermediate 5
[0338] To a solution of intermediate 4 (4.27 g, 14.6 mmol) in Ac2O (50 mL) was added NaOAc (4.81 g, 58.6 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 140℃ for 6 hrs. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 3) . The organic layers were washed with saturated NH4Cl solution and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford intermediate 5 (2.79 g, 12.2 mmol, 83.21%) as a white solid.
[0339] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 5. Preparation of intermediate 6
[0340] To a solution of intermediate 5 (2.80 g, 12.2 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (50 mL) was added XPhos Pd G2 (959 mg, 1.22 mmol) and (tributylstannyl) methanol (5.88 g, 18.31 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 90 ℃ under N2 atmosphere for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether (from 0 to 25%) to afford intermediate 6 (2.09 g, 11.60 mmol, 95.02%) as a yellow solid.
[0341] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 6. Preparation of intermediate 7
[0342] To a solution of intermediate 6 (500 mg, 2.77 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added Dess-Martin reagent (1.29 g, 3.05 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (20 mL) , washed with saturated Na2S2O3 solution (20 mL) and extracted by DCM (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether (from 0 to 7%) to afford intermediate 7 (409 mg, 2.29 mmol, 82.73%) as a white solid.
[0343] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 7. Preparation of intermediate 8
[0344] To a solution of intermediate 7 (409 mg, 2.29 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (306 mg, 2.52 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.50 g, 4.59 mmol) . After stirred at room temperature for 6 hr, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford intermediate 8 (557 mg, 1.98 mmol, 86.24%) as a white solid.
[0345] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 8. Preparation of intermediate 9
[0346] To a solution of intermediate 8 (557 mg, 1.98 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added Tetrabutylammonium acetate (1.20 mL, 3.95 mmol) at 0℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr, followed by the addition of (Trifluoromethyl) trimethylsilane (0.6 mL, 3.95 mmol) in THF (10 mL) . After stirred at 0℃ for 2 hr, the reaction mixture was quenched with NH4Cl saturated solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether (from 10%to 23%) to afford intermediate 9 (500 mg, 1.42 mmol, 71.88%) as a white solid.
[0347] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 9. Preparation of intermediate 10
[0348] A mixture of intermediate 9 (336 mg, 0.91 mmol) in HCl dioxane solution (4 M, 6 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, quenched with saturated NaHCO3 solution and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford intermediate 10 (230 mg, 0.930 mmol, 65.39%) as a white solid.
[0349] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 10. Preparation of intermediate 11
[0350] To a solution of intermediate 10 (80 mg, 0.32 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added DIEA (0.1 mL, 0.48 mmol) and phenyl chloroformate (0.05 mL, 0.35 mmol) . After stirred at room temperature for 30 min, the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum to afford intermediate 11 as a crude product, which was used directly to next step without further purification.
[0351] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 11. Preparation of intermediate 23
[0352] To a solution of intermediate 20 (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) , trimethyl-1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6-trioxatriborinane (0.29 mL, 2.04 mmol) and K2CO3 (169 mg, 1.22 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was added RuPhos Pd G3 (68 mg, 0.08 mmol) . After stirred at 90℃ for 8 hr, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluted with PE / EtOAc (from 4: 1 to 3: 1) to give intermediate 23 (110 mg, 0.32 mmol, yield: 77.64%) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 26
[0353] To a solution of 3-fluoro-5-methylphenol (10 g, 79.2 mmol) in DCM (90 mL) was added MeOH (60 mL) and tetrabutylammonium tribromide (76.67 g, 79.2 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with water and extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford intermediate 26 as a crude product, which was used directly to next step without further purification. Preparation of intermediate 38
[0354] To a solution of 1, 5-dimethyl-1H-indole-6-carbaldehyde (430 mg, 2.48 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added TMSCF3 (706 mg, 4.97 mmol) and K2CO3 (515 mg, 3.72 mmol) at 0 ℃. After stirred at room temperature for 16 hr, the reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with EtOAc in PE (40%) to afford intermediate 38 (600 mg, yield: 99.4%) as a yellow solid.
[0355] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 38. Preparation of intermediate 39
[0356] To a solution of intermediate 38 (126 mg, 0.52 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was added IBX (434 mg, 1.55 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM: MeOH = 20: 1) to afford intermediate 39 (125 mg, yield: 100%) as a white solid.
[0357] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 39. Preparation of intermediate 40
[0358] To a solution of intermediate 39 (125 mg, 0.52 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) were added NaOAc (43 mg, 0.52 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (36 mg, 0.52 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (DCM: MeOH = 20: 1) to afford intermediate 40 (133 mg, yield: 100%) as a white solid.
[0359] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 40. Preparation of intermediate 41
[0360] To a solution of intermediate 40 (160 mg, 0.62 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added LiAlH4 (2.5 N, 2.5 mL, 6.25 mmol) at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water. The resulting mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE: EtOAc =10: 1) to afford intermediate 41 (24 mg, yield: 16%) as a white solid.
[0361] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 41. Preparation of intermediate 48
[0362] A solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-1H-indole (4.5 g, 21.0 mmol) in THF (45 mL) was added KOH (4.25 g, 75.6 mmol) and MeI (4.48 g, 31.5 mmol, 1.96 mL) at 25℃. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (80 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NaCl (100 mL) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The crude was used for next step without further purification. Intermediate 48 (4.6 g, 19.16 mmol, 91.14%yield, 95%purity) was obtained as a brown oil.
[0363] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 48. Preparation of intermediate 49
[0364] To a solution of intermediate 48 (800 mg, 3.51 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was dropwise added LDA (2 M, 1.93 mL) under N2 at -78 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 h, DMF (307.68 mg, 4.21 mmol, 323.87 μL) was dropwise added. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was quenched with H2O (20 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2, diluted with H2O 30 mL and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~20%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @20 mL / min) to afford intermediate 49 (625 mg, 2.43 mmol, 69.33%yield, 99.64%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 50
[0365] To a solution of intermediate 49 (575 mg, 2.25 mmol) and methyl boronic acid (174.74 mg, 2.92 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (164.30 mg, 224.55 μmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.46 g, 4.49 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 12 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @20 mL / min) to afford intermediate 50 (350 mg, 1.77 mmol, 78.80%yield, 96.66%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 51
[0366] To a solution of intermediate 50 (250 mg, 1.31 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (158.47 mg, 1.31 mmol) and tetraethoxytitanium (715.8 mg, 3.14 mmol, 650.7 μL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 12 h. After cooled down to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with H2O 40 mL, filtered and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined layers were concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~20%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @30 mL / min) to afford intermediate 51 (262 mg, 848.5 μmol, 64.78%yield, 95.35%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 52
[0367] To a solution of intermediate 51 (392 mg, 1.33 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added difluoro (triphenyl) silanuide; tetrabutylammonium (718.86 mg, 1.33 mmol) at -60℃, and the mixture was stirred at -60℃ for 0.5 h under N2. TMSCF3 (757.37 mg, 5.33 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added at -60℃, and the mixture was stirred at -30℃ for 1.5 h under N2. The reaction was quenched by the addition of sat. NH4Cl (10 mL) at -30℃. The resulting mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @25 mL / min) to afford intermediate 52 (200 mg, 417.56 μmol, 31.36%yield, 76.08%purity) as a yellow solid. Preparation of intermediate 55
[0368] To a solution of 5-bromo-6-fluoro-1H-indole (500 mg, 2.33 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (103 mg, 2.57 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 30 min before the addition of iodomethane (0.3 mL, 4.67 mmol) . After stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hr, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4Cl solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether to afford intermediate 55 (443 mg, 1.94 mmol, 83.15%) as a white solid.
[0369] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 55. Preparation of intermediate 69
[0370] To a solution of Intermediate 66 (200 mg, 0.54 mmol) in dioxane / H2O (6 mL / 2 mL) was added trimethyl-1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6-trioxatriborinane (0.15 mL, 1.090 mmol) , RuPhos-Pd-G3 (228 mg, 0.27 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (355 mg, 1.09 mmol) . The mixture was heated up to 100℃ and stirred for 3 h. The reaction was concentrated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc / PE = 0-30 %) to give intermediate 69 (120 mg, 0.34 mmol, 63.54%) as white solid. Preparation of intermediate 72
[0371] To a solution of intermediate 59 (380 mg, 1.09 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 0℃ was added NBS (193 mg, 1.09 mmol) . After stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, the reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in petroleum ether (from 0 to 45%) to afford intermediate 72 (380 mg, 0.89 mmol, yield: 81.62%) as a white solid.
[0372] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 72. Preparation of intermediate 73
[0373] To a mixture of intermediate 72 (300 mg, 0.70 mmol) , trimethyl-1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6-trioxatriborinane (0.49 mL, 3.49 mmol) and K2CO3 (290 mg, 2.10 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) and water (5 mL) was added Ru Phos Pd G3 (117 mg, 0.14 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 8 hours under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified using silica gel column chromatography eluting with PE / EtOAc (from 4: 1 to 3: 1) to give intermediate 73 (200 mg, 0.55 mmol, yield: 78.53%) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 76
[0374] To a solution of 2, 2-difluoropropan-1-ol (5 g, 52.04 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added DMP (22.07 g, 52.04 mmol) in portions at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was added 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (7.57 g, 62.45 mmol) , MgSO4 (9.40 g, 78.06 mmol) and 4A MS (52.04 mmol) , and then stirred at 40 ℃ for 12 h. After cooled down to room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on 120 g silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 5%B in A, 100 mL / min) to give intermediate 76 (981 mg, 4.72 mmol, 9.07%yield, 95%purity) as a colorless oil. Preparation of intermediate 76A
[0375] To a solution of 2, 2-difluoropropan-1-ol (10 g, 104.08 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added DMP (50 g, 117.89 mmol, 36.52 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2 and stirred at 25 ℃for 6 h. Then (R) -2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (15.14 g, 124.90 mmol) , MgSO4 (18.79 g, 156.13 mmol) and 4A MS (18.79 g, 156.13 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 35 ℃ for 12 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was washed with sat. NaHCO3 (100 mL x 3) , the organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 9%B in A, 80 mL / min) to afford intermediate 76A (12 g, 52.93 mmol, 25.43%yield, 87%purity) as a light colorless oil. Preparation of intermediate 77
[0376] To a solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-1-methyl-indole (500 mg, 2.19 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times and cooled to -78 ℃, then LDA (2 M, 1.32 mL) was added dropwise under N2. After stirred at -78 ℃ for 1 h, a solution of intermediate 76 (432.44 mg, 2.19 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added dropwise, and then it was stirred at -78 ℃ for another 1 h under N2. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL) at 0 ℃ and diluted with H2O (30 mL) , extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 25%B in A, 20 mL / min) to give intermediate 77 (668 mg, 1.53 mmol, 69.86%yield, 97.72%purity) as a yellow oil.
[0377] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 77. Preparation of intermediate 78
[0378] A solution of intermediate 77 (558 mg, 1.31 mmol) , methylboronic acid (785.36 mg, 13.12 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.28 g, 3.94 mmol) in dioxane (6 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 atmosphere for three times, and then ditert-butyl (cyclopenta-1, 4-dien-1-yl) phosphane; dichloropalladium; iron (85.51 mg, 131.20 μmol, 0.1 eq) was added. The mixture was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 atmosphere for three times and stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 h. After cooled down to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on 4 g silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 25%B in A, 12 mL / min) to give intermediate 78 (400 mg, 1.03 mmol, 78.63%yield, 92.85%purity) as a yellow oil.
[0379] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 78. Preparation of intermediate 79
[0380] To a solution of intermediate 78 (200 mg, 554.8 μmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added HCl / dioxane (2 M, 1 mL) . After stirred at 25 ℃ for 30 mins, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 79 (150 mg, crude, HCl salt) as a light yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification.
[0381] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 79. Preparation of intermediate 80
[0382] To a solution of intermediate 79 (150 mg, 512.42 μmol) and phenyl carbonochloridate (80.23 mg, 512.4 μmol) in THF (3 mL) was added TEA (155 mg, 1.54 mmol) . After stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 80 (200 mg, crude) as a light yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification.
[0383] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 80. Preparation of intermediate 81
[0384] To a solution of 5-bromo-1, 2-difluoro-3-nitro-benzene (5 g, 21.0 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added methanamine (2 M, 39.74 mL) and DIEA (5.43 g, 42.02 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 7 hr and concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 81 (5 g, crude) as a brown solid, which was used in next step without further purification. Preparation of intermediate 82
[0385] To a solution of intermediate 81 (3 g, 12.05 mmol) in THF (30 mL) and H2O (6 mL) was added NH4Cl (3.87 g, 72.28 mmol) and Fe powder (4.04 g, 72.28 mmol) . After stirred at 25 ℃ for 4 hr, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc. The filtrate was diluted with H2O 70 mL and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 2) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 40 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~50%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @40 mL / min) to afford intermediate 82 (2.03 g, 9.27 mmol, 76.95%yield, 91.49%purity) as a purple solid. Preparation of intermediate 83
[0386] To a solution of intermediate 82 (1.8 g, 8.22 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was added trimethoxymethane (1.74 g, 16.43 mmol, 1.80 mL) and TsOH·H2O (15.63 mg, 82.17 μmol, ) . The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~70%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @40 mL / min) to afford intermediate 83 (1.52 g, 6.63 mmol, 80.66%yield, 99.88%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 85
[0387] To a solution of intermediate 84 (680 mg, 1.60 mmol) , methylboronic acid (477.43 mg, 7.98 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.56 g, 4.79 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added ditert-butyl (cyclopenta-1, 4-dien-1-yl) phosphane; dichloropalladium; iron (103.96 mg, 159.51 μmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~66%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @30 mL / min) to afford intermediate 85 (400 mg, 925.78 μmol, 58.04%yield, 83.65%purity) as a purple solid.
[0388] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 85. Preparation of intermediate 104
[0389] A mixture of intermediate 103 (650 mg, 1.37 mmol) , DIEA (529.80 mg, 4.10 mmol, 714.01 μL) in DMF (7 mL) was added pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (150.47 mg, 1.37 mmol, ) and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a crude product. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 12 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~95%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @30 mL / min) to afford intermediate 104 (240 mg, 488.11 μmol, 35.72%yield) as a pink solid. Preparation of intermediate 105
[0390] To a solution of intermediate 78 (200 mg, 554.88 μmol, ) in MeCN (3 mL) was added NCS (111.14 mg, 832.32 μmol) , the reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (20 mL) and adjusted pH to 7-8 with sat. NaHCO3, then it was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 25%B in A, 10 mL / min) to give intermediate 105 (96 mg, 226.93 μmol, 40.90%yield, 68.72%purity) as a yellow oil.
[0391] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 105. Preparation of intermediate 107
[0392] To a solution of intermediate 48 (5 g, 21.92 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times and cooled to -78 ℃, then LDA (2 M, 13.15 mL) was added dropwise under N2. After stirring at -78 ℃ for 1 h, intermediate 76A (6.49 g, 32.89 mmol, 1.5 eq) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise, and then it was stirred at -78 ℃ for another 3 h under N2. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2. Then, it was diluted with H2O (120 mL) , extracted with ethyl acetate (70 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 80 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~40%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @80 mL / min) to afford intermediate 107 (4.5 g, 9.37 mmol, 42.75%yield, 88.59%purity) as a yellow oil. Preparation of intermediate 108
[0393] To a solution of intermediate 107 (4.5 g, 10.58 mmol) , methylboronic acid (6.33 g, 105.81 mmol) and ditert-butyl (cyclopenta-1, 4-dien-1-yl) phosphane; dichloropalladium; iron (689.59 mg, 1.06 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (10.34 g, 31.74 mmol, 3 eq) under N2, the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to room temperature, diluted with H2O (100 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 20 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~42%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @50 mL / min) to afford intermediate 108 (3.4 g, 9.01 mmol, 85.13%yield, 95.49%purity) as a yellow gum.
[0394] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 108. Preparation of intermediate 109
[0395] To a solution of intermediate 108 (1.9 g, 5.27 mmol) in MeCN (10 mL) was added NCS (774.29 mg, 5.80 mmol) under N2, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 55 ℃ for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (100 mL) and adjusted pH to 7-8 with sat. NaHCO3, then it was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 40%B in A) to afford intermediate 109 (1.11 g, 3.46 mmol, 65.71%yield, 90.72%purity) as a yellow oil. Preparation of intermediate 110
[0396] To a solution of intermediate 109 (1.1 g, 3.78 mmol) and phenyl carbonochloridate (651.66 mg, 4.16 mmol, 522.16 μL) in THF (10 mL) was added TEA (1.15 g, 11.35 mmol, 1.58 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 110 (1.55 g, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification.
[0397] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 110. Preparation of intermediate 124
[0398] To a solution of intermediate 111 (2.1 g, 8.53 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times and cooled to -78 ℃, then LDA (2 M, 5.12 mL) was added dropwise under N2. After stirring at -78 ℃ for 1 h, a solution of intermediate 76A (2.02 g, 10.24 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise, and then it was stirred at -78 ℃ for another 1 h under N2. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (50 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2. Then, it was diluted with H2O (50 mL) , extracted with ethyl acetate (80 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 25%B in A) to give intermediate 124 (2.61 g, 5.46 mmol, 63.94%yield, 92.69%purity) was obtained as a yellow gum.
[0399] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 124. Preparation of intermediate 125
[0400] A solution of intermediate 124 (2.61 g, 5.89 mmol) , methylboronic acid (1.76 g, 29.44 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (5.75 g, 17.66 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 atmosphere for three times, and then ditert-butyl (cyclopenta-1, 4-dien-1-yl) phosphane; dichloropalladium; iron (383.73 mg, 588.77 μmol) was added. The mixture was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 atmosphere for three times and stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 24%B in A. ) to give intermediate 125 (2.14 g, 4.32 mmol, 73.45%yield, 76.47%purity) as a yellow oil.
[0401] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 125. Preparation of intermediate 126
[0402] To a solution of intermediate 125 (1.10 g, 2.91 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) was added NCS (582.23 mg, 4.36 mmol) under N2, the reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 2 h under N2. After cooled down to room temperature, the reaction mixture was adjusted pH to 7-8 with sat. NaHCO3, diluted with H2O (40 mL) and extracted with DCM (40 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 25%B in A) to give intermediate 126 (750 mg, 2.26 mmol, 77.71%yield, 92.98%purity) as a yellow oil. Preparation of intermediate 127
[0403] To a solution of intermediate 126 (750.00 mg, 2.43 mmol) and phenyl carbonochloridate (456.46 mg, 2.92 mmol, 365.75 μL) in THF (10 mL) was added TEA (737.52 mg, 7.29 mmol, 1.01 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 127 (1.1 g, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification.
[0404] Preparation of intermediate 132
[0405] 7-fluoroindoline-2, 3-dione (10 g, 60.56 mmol) was dissolved in AcOH (66 mL) and cooled to 0 ℃. Br2 (11.61 g, 72.67 mmol, 3.74 mL) was added dropwise to the stirred solution continued for 1 h at 0 ℃ to 5 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃for 12 h. The reaction mixture was poured into ice cold water (150 mL) . The solid precipitated was filtered, washed with water (50 mL) and dried in an oven to afford intermediate 132 (13.5 g, 55.32 mmol, 91.35%yield) as an orange solid. Preparation of intermediate 133
[0406] To a solution of intermediate 132 (12.5 g, 51.23 mmol) in THF (120 mL) at 0 ℃ was added NaH (2.46 g, 61.47 mmol, 60%) in small portions under N2. Then, MeI (8.00 g, 56.35 mmol, 3.51 mL) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was poured into ice water (200 mL) . Then, the solid precipitated was filtered, washed with water (100 mL) and dried in an oven to afford intermediate 133 (9.33 g, 31.44 mmol, 61.38%yield, 86.96%purity) as an orange solid.
[0407] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 133. Preparation of intermediate 134
[0408] To a solution of intermediate 133 (9.3 g, 36.04 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added DAST (7.55 g, 46.85 mmol, 6.19 mL) dropwise at 0 ℃ under N2. The resulting mixture was then allowed to warm up to 25 ℃ and stirred for 48 hr. The reaction mixture was poured to sat. NaHCO3 solution (200 mL) and extracted with DCM (100 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 8%B in A) to give intermediate 134 (7.15 g, 24.57 mmol, 68.19%yield, 96.25%purity) as a pink solid.
[0409] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 134. Preparation of intermediate 135
[0410] To a solution of intermediate 134 (7.15 g, 25.53 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was cooled down to 0 ℃ and degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times, then BH3·THF (1 M, 51.06 mL) was added dropwise under N2. The mixture was allowed to warm up to 25 ℃ and stirred for 48 hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ℃ and MeOH (50 mL) was slowly added dropwise under N2, then it was still stirred for 20 min and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 0%B in A) to give intermediate 135 (5.67 g, 18.36 mmol, 71.92%yield, 79.69%purity) as a colorless oil.
[0411] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 135. Preparation of intermediate 136
[0412] To a solution of intermediate 135 (6.37 g, 25.89 mmol) in THF (70 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times and cooled to -78 ℃, then LDA (2 M, 15.53 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise under N2. After stirring at -78 ℃ for 1 h, chloro (trimethyl) silane (5.63 g, 51.78 mmol, 6.57 mL) was added dropwise, and then it was stirred at -78 ℃ for another 1 h under N2. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2. Then, it was diluted with H2O (50 mL) , extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 0%B in A) to give intermediate 136 (6.77 g, 14.29 mmol, 55.19%yield, 67.16%purity) as a white solid.
[0413] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 136. Preparation of intermediate 137
[0414] To a solution of intermediate 136 (4.77 g, 14.99 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times and cooled to -78 ℃, then LDA (2 M, 8.99 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise under N2. After stirring at -78 ℃ for 1 h, a solution of intermediate 76A (3.55 g, 17.99 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise, and then it was stirred at -78 ℃ for another 1 h under N2. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2. Then, it was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 20%B in A) to give intermediate 137 (5.36 g, 10.08 mmol, 67.26%yield, 96.95%purity) as a light-yellow gum.
[0415] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 137. Preparation of intermediate 139
[0416] To a solution of intermediate 138 (400 mg, 887.69 μmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added HCl / dioxane (2 M, 2.22 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was diluted with dichloromethane (30 mL) , basified to pH=8 with the saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and then the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 12 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~40%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @30 mL / min) to afford intermediate 139 (150 mg, 378.86 μmol, 42.68%yield, 69.27%purity) as a yellow solid.
[0417] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 139. Preparation of intermediate 141
[0418] To a solution of intermediate 136 (2.21 g, 6.94 mmol) and phenyl formate (1.70 g, 13.89 mmol, 1.51 mL) in toluene (25 mL) was added Xantphos Pd G4 (668.33 mg, 694.46 μmol) and TEA (1.41 g, 13.89 mmol, 1.93 mL) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 12 hr. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 3%B in A) to give intermediate 141 (1.86 g, 3.01 mmol, 43.33%yield, 58.15%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 142
[0419] To a solution of intermediate 141 (1.66 g, 4.62 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times and cooled to 0 ℃, then LAH (2.5 M, 3.69 mL) was added dropwise under N2. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h under N2. The reaction mixture was quenched with 0.5 mL H2O, 0.5 mL 10%NaOH and 1.5 mL H2O under stirring at 0 ℃ under N2. Then it was dried with Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 10%B in A. ) to give intermediate 142 (693 mg, 2.39 mmol, 51.84%yield, 93.06%purity) as a light-yellow oil. Preparation of intermediate 143
[0420] To a solution of intermediate 142 (760 mg, 2.82 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added MnO2 (2.45 g, 28.21 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 35 ℃ for 24 h. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 143 (760 mg, crude) as a light yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification. Preparation of intermediate 144
[0421] To a solution of intermediate 143 (760 mg, 2.84 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) was cooled to 0 ℃ and degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 for 3 times, then DAST (687.33 mg, 4.26 mmol, 563.39 μL) was added dropwise under N2. The mixture was allowed to warm to 25 ℃ and stirred for 12 h, and then 35 ℃ for 48 h. The reaction mixture was added into sat. NaHCO3 solution (50 mL) dropwise, then it was extracted with DCM (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 0%B in A) to give intermediate 144 (320 mg, 1.11 mmol, 38.90%yield) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 148
[0422] To a solution of intermediate 110 (120 mg, 292.10 μmol) and tert-butyl 3-amino-7, 8-dihydro-5H-1, 6-naphthyridine-6-carboxylate (80.11 mg, 321.31 μmol, ) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIEA (113.25 mg, 876.30 μmol, 152.63 μL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h, and then stirred at 50 ℃ for 4 h. Water (40 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL x 3) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate= 1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford intermediate 148 (60 mg, 94.79 μmol, 32.45%yield, 89.42%purity) as a yellow solid.
[0423] The following intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 148. Preparation of intermediate 150
[0424] To a solution of phenyl N- (2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl) carbamate (42.94 mg, 171.99 μmol) and intermediate 109 (50 mg, 171.99 μmol, 1 eq) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIEA (66.69 mg, 515.98 μmol, 89.87 μL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 150 (80 mg, crude) as a brown solid, which was used for next step without further purification. Preparation of intermediate 151
[0425] To a solution of intermediate 150 (80.00 mg, 179.27 μmol) and tert-butyl N- (2-aminoethyl) -N-methyl-carbamate (156.18 mg, 896.35 μmol, 160.19 μL) in MeOH (1 mL) was added TEA (54.42 mg, 537.81 μmol, 74.86 μL) , the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 72 hr. The mixture was diluted with H2O 30 mL and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL x 3) . The combined layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 4 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~100%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @20 mL / min) to afford intermediate 151 (40 mg, 64.10 μmol, 35.76%yield, 93.59%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of intermediate 152
[0426] To a stirred solution of di (imidazol-1-yl) methanethione (155.95 mg, 875.09 μmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added intermediate 139 (120 mg, 437.55 μmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give intermediate 152 (140 mg, crude) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without further purification.
[0427] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 152. Preparation of intermediate 153
[0428] To a solution of intermediate 152 (140 mg, 442.59 μmol) and pyrimidine-2, 4, 5-triamine (166.15 mg, 1.33 mmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to r.t. and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Eluent of 0~7%MeOH / EtOAc gradient @30 mL / min) to afford intermediate 153 (192 mg, 430.14 μmol, 97.19%yield, 98.90%purity) as a yellow solid.
[0429] The following intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for intermediate 153. Preparation of intermediate 156
[0430] 4, 7-difluoroindoline-2, 3-dione (800 mg, 4.37 mmol) was dissolved in AcOH (10 mL) , Br2 (837.84 mg, 5.24 mmol, 270.10 μL) was added dropwise to the stirred solution and continued stirring for 48 h at 25 ℃. The mixture was poured into ice cold water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get intermediate 156 (1.15 g, crude) as an orange solid. Preparation of intermediate 167
[0431] A solution of phenylmethanethiol (528.47 mg, 4.25 mmol, 499.50 μL) in THF (4 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of t-BuOK (477.45 mg, 4.25 mmol) in THF (20 mL) , then a solution of 1- (4-bromo-2, 6-difluoro-phenyl) ethanone (1 g, 4.25 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O 50 mL and extracted with EtOAc 120 mL (40 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography to afford intermediate 167 (1.3 g, 3.83 mmol, 90.07%yield) as a yellow gum. Preparation of intermediate 168
[0432] To a solution of intermediate 167 (1.3 g, 3.83 mmol) in DCE (10 mL) was added dropwise a solution of sulfuryl chloride (517.25 mg, 3.83 mmol, 383.14 μL) in DCE (1 mL) . After 0.5 h at 25 ℃, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was added THF (10 mL) and NH3 / MeOH (7 M, 1.64 mL) , then the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (0~10%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether) to afford intermediate 168 (660 mg, 2.68 mmol, 69.98%yield) as a yellow solid. Preparation of intermediate 173
[0433] To a solution of 5-bromo-4-fluoro-pyridin-2-amine (500 mg, 2.62 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added NaH (314.10 mg, 7.85 mmol, 60%purity) in portions at 0 ℃ under N2. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h, and then 1- (chloromethyl) -4-methoxy-benzene (1.23 g, 7.85 mmol, 1.07 mL) was added dropwise at 0 ℃, then warmed to 75 ℃ and stirred for 12 h under N2. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was quenched with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2 and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 173 (670 mg, 1.06 mmol, 40.56%yield, 68.35%purity) as a yellow oil. Preparation of intermediate 174
[0434] A mixture of intermediate 173 (520 mg, 1.21 mmol) , diphenylmethanimine (655.52 mg, 3.62 mmol, 606.96 μL) and Cs2CO3 (1.57 g, 4.82 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 atmosphere for three times, and then BINAP (75.07 mg, 120.57 μmol) and Pd (OAc) 2 (27.07 mg, 120.57 μmol) was added. The mixture was degassed under vacuum and purged with N2 atmosphere for three times and stirred at 110 ℃ for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 174 (590 mg, 1.04 mmol, 86.64%yield, 94.12%purity) as a yellow gum. Preparation of intermediate 175
[0435] To a solution of intermediate 174 (540 mg, 1.02 mmol) , NH2OH·HCl (141.17 mg, 2.03 mmol) and NaOAc (249.98 mg, 3.05 mmol) in MeOH (6 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃for 12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give intermediate 175 (322 mg, 834.94 μmol, 82.20%yield, 95.27%purity) was obtained as a brown oil. Preparation of intermediate 176
[0436] A mixture of intermediate 175 (100 mg, 272.17 μmol) and TFA (1.54 g, 13.46 mmol, 1 mL) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 5 min. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeCN (2 mL) , white solid precipitated, then it was filtered, and the filter cake was collected. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (Column: CD24-WePure Biotech XPTC18 150 *25 mm *7 um, Mobile Phase A: water (0.1%TFA) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, Flow rate: 25 mL / min, gradient condition from 0%B to 5%) . The pure fractions were collected, and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between acetonitrile (2 mL) and water (10 mL) . The mixture was lyophilized to dryness to give intermediate 176 (40 mg, 251.73 μmol, 92.49%yield, 80%purity) was obtained as a white solid. Preparation of Compounds Preparation of Compound 1
[0437] To a solution of pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (30 mg, 0.272 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added DIEA (0.1 mL, 0.816 mmol) and intermediate 11 (100 mg, 0.272 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford a residue, which was purified by prep. HPLC (Xbridge prep C18 5um OBD 19*150m / WELCH Xtimate 21.2*250 MM 10 μm C18, A water (0.1%FA) B (Acetonitrile) 10-20%B in 8 min, hold at 100%B at for 2 min, back to 5%B with 0.5 min, stop at 13 min; Flow rate: 25 ml / min; Detector: 214 / 254) to afford Compound 1 (20 mg, 0.052 mmol, 19.18%) as a white solid.
[0438] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 1. Preparation of Compound 3
[0439] To a solution of intermediate 25 (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (0.09 mL, 0.55 mmol) and pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (33 mg, 0.30 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue, which was purified by prep-HPLC (GiLSON-Xbrige C18 (5 μm 19 *150 mm) , Mobile Phase A: Water (0.1%NH4HCO3) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, UV: 214 nm, Flowrate: 15 mL / min, Temperature: rt, Gradient: 30 -80 % (%B) ) to give Compound 3 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol, yield: 47.89%) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 3A and 3B
[0440] Compound 3 (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) was separated by SFC (Instrument: Waters Acquity UPCC; Column: REGIS CHIRAL (S, S) -Whelk O1 4.6*150 mm, 3.5 μm; Mobile Phase: A / B: CO2 / MeOH (0.1%DEA) = 40 / 60; Flow rate: 1.5 mL / min; Column Temp: 37 degree) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 3A (11 mg, 0.03 mmol, yield: 36.67%) as a white solid and the second fraction was collected as Compound 3B (10 mg, 0.03 mmol, yield: 33.33%) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 4
[0441] To a solution of pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (30 mg, 0.275 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added DIEA (0.1 mL, 0.551 mmol) and intermediate 37 (70 mg, 0.184 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated to afford a residue, which was purified by prep. HPLC (Xbridge prep c18 5 μm OBD 19*150m / WELCH Xtimate 21.2*250 MM 10 μm C18, A water (0.1%FA) B (Acetonitrile) 10-20%B in 8 min, hold at 100%B at for 2 min, back to 5%B with 0.5 min, stop at 13 min; Flow rate: 25 ml / min; Detector: 214 / 254) to afford Compound 4 (50 mg, 0.126 mmol, 68.55%) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 4A and 4B
[0442] Compound 4 (60 mg, 0.151 mmol) was separated by SFC (Instrument: Waters Acquity UPCC; Column: Daicel CHIRALPAK OD_3, 3*150 mm, 3 μm; Mobile Phase: A / B: CO2 / MeOH (0.1%DEA) = 80 / 20; Flow rate: 2.0 mL / min; Column Temp: 37 degree) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 4A (20 mg, 0.050 mmol, 33.33%) as a white solid and the second fraction was collected as Compound 4B (28 mg, 0.070 mmol, 46.67%) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 7
[0443] To a solution of intermediate 54 (200 mg, 525.8 μmol) and pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (57.9 mg, 525.8 μmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added DIEA (135.9 mg, 1.05 mmol, 183.19 μL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. Water (40 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with the saturated solution of lithium chloride (20 mL x 3) . The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to afford Compound 7 (124.6 mg, 310.58 μmol, 59.06%yield, 98.77%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 7A and 7B
[0444] Compound 7 was separated by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250mm*30mm, 10μm) ; mobile phase: [CO2-MeOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 35%, isocratic elution mode) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 7A (41 mg, 102.65 μmol, 45.20%yield, 98.77%purity) as a white solid, and the second fraction was collected as Compound 7B (35 mg, 87.72 μmol, 38.63%yield, 98.77%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 12
[0445] To a solution of intermediate 80 (200 mg, 531.39 μmol) and pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (58.5 mg, 531.39 μmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added DIEA (137 mg, 1.06 mmol, 185.12 μL) . After stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 hr, the reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (20 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with 5%LiCl solution (50 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on 4 g silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 75%B in A, 10 mL / min) to give Compound 12 (106 mg, 264.09 μmol, 49.70%yield, 97.75%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 12A and 12B
[0446] Compound 12 was separated by SFC (separation condition: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250 mm *30 mm, 10 μm) ) ; Mobile phase: A: Supercritical CO2, B: (0.1%NH3·H2O) MeOH, A: B = 60: 40 at 120 mL / min. The first fraction was collected as Compound 12A (30 mg, 76.41 μmol, 59.96%yield, 97.69%purity) as a white solid, and the second fraction was collected as Compound 12B (31 mg, 78.63 μmol, 61.71%yield, 97.45%purity) as a white solid.
[0447] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 12A or 12B. Preparation of Compound 16A and 16B
[0448] Compound 16 was separated by supercritical fluid chromatography (separation condition: REGIS (S, S) WHELK-O1 (250 mm *25 mm, 10 um) ) ; Mobile phase: A: Supercritical CO2, B: 0.1%NH3H2O MEOH, A: B = 50: 50 at 120 mL / min. The pure fraction was collected, and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between acetonitrile (2 mL) and water (10 mL) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 16A (50 mg, 127.12 μmol, 71.26%yield, 99.76%purity) as a white solid. The second fraction was collected as Compound 16B (55 mg, 139.83 μmol, 78.38%yield, 99.76%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 17A and 17B
[0449] Compound 17 was separated by supercritical fluid chromatography (separation condition: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250 mm *30 mm, 10 um) ) ; Mobile phase: A: Supercritical CO2, B: 0.1%NH3H2O MEOH, A: B =50: 50 at 120 mL / min. The pure fraction was collected, and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between acetonitrile (2 mL) and water (10 mL) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 17A (15 mg, 36.42 μmol, 74.00%yield, 98.67%purity) as a white solid. The second fraction was collected as Compound 17B (18 mg, 44.18 μmol, 89.77%yield, 99.74%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 18
[0450] A mixture of Compound 20 (220 mg, 447.43 μmol) , K2CO3 (185.52 mg, 1.34 mmol) , methylboronic acid (133.92 mg, 2.24 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added Pd (PPh3) 4 (51.70 mg, 44.74 μmol) under N2 and the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hr under N2. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a crude product. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 12 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~95%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @30 mL / min) . Then the product was further purified by prep. HPLC (CD03-Welch Xtimate C18 150*25*5um) , Mobile Phase A: water (FA) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, Flow rate: 25 mL / min, gradient condition from 27%B to 57%) to afford Compound 18 (25.65 mg, 59.42 μmol, 13.28%yield, 98.88%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 19A
[0451] To a solution of intermediate 110 (1.55 g, 3.77 mmol) and pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (442.8 mg, 4.02 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added DIEA (1.46 g, 11.32 mmol, 1.97 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. Water (50 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NH4Cl (30 mL x 3) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, Petroleum ether / Ethyl acetate=1 / 0 to 0 / 1) to give desired compound (1.2 g, purity 85%) as a white solid, which was further purified by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALCEL OD (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-MeOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 36%, isocratic elution mode) to afford Compound 19A (790.80 mg, 1.79 mmol, 47.43%yield, 96.58%purity) as a white solid.
[0452] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 19A. Preparation of Compound 20
[0453] A mixture of intermediate 104 (220 mg, 447.43 μmol) , K2CO3 (185.52 mg, 1.34 mmol) , methylboronic acid (133.92 mg, 2.24 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added Pd(PPh3) 4 (51.70 mg, 44.74 μmol) under N2 and the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hr under N2. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to get a crude product. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 12 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~95%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @30 mL / min) . Then the product was further purified by prep. HPLC (CD03-Welch Xtimate C18 150*25*5um) , Mobile Phase A: water (FA) , Mobile Phase B: acetonitrile, Flow rate: 25 mL / min, gradient condition from 27%B to 57%) to afford Compound 20 (25.65 mg, 59.42 μmol, 13.28%yield, 98.88%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 21A and 21B
[0454] Compound 21 (126 mg, 307.04 μmol) was separated by supercritical fluid chromatography (separation condition: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250 mm *30 mm, 10 um) ) ; Mobile phase: A: Supercritical CO2, B: 0.1%NH3H2O MEOH, A: B = 50: 50 at 70 mL / min. The first fraction was collected as Compound 21A (38.93 mg, 90.74 μmol, 59.11%yield, 95.65%purity) as a white solid, and the second fraction was collected as Compound 21B (37.92 mg, 89.51 μmol, 58.31%yield, 96.87%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 22A and 22B
[0455] Compound 22 (90 mg, 201.23 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALCEL OD (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-i-PrOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 50%, isocratic elution mode) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 22A (23.57 mg, 50.22 μmol, 24.96%yield, 95.29%purity) as a white solid, and the second fraction was collected as Compound 22B (27.52 mg, 57.08 μmol, 28.37%yield, 92.77%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 23A
[0456] To a solution of intermediate 127 (1.1 g, 2.57 mmol) and pyrimidine-2, 5-diamine (338.97 mg, 3.08 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added DIEA (994.62 mg, 7.70 mmol, 1.34 mL) , and it was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NH4Cl (50 mL x 3) , dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to get a residue, which was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (eluent: A: petroleum ether, B: ethyl acetate, 0%B to 88%B in A) to give a crude product. The crude product was further purified by supercritical fluid chromatography (separation condition: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250 mm *30 mm, 10 um) ) ; Mobile phase: A: Supercritical CO2, B: MeOH (0.1%NH3·H2O) , A: B =50: 50 at 70 mL / min. The pure fraction was collected, and the solvent was evaporated under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between acetonitrile (5 mL) and water (20 mL) . The solution was lyophilized to dryness to give Compound 23A (572.91 mg, 1.27 mmol, 49.56%yield, 98.71%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 29
[0457] To a solution of intermediate 148 (60 mg, 106.00 μmol) in HCl / dioxane (2 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (column: CD04-Welch Ultimate C18 150*25mm*7um; mobile phase: [H2O (0.225%FA) -ACN] ; gradient: 18%-48%B over 8.0 min) to afford Compound 29 (16.32 mg, 33.12 μmol, 31.24%yield, 94.54%purity) was obtained as a white solid.
[0458] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 29. Preparation of Compound 31
[0459] To a solution of intermediate 150 (80 mg, 179.27 μmol) and 3-methylazetidin-3-ol; hydrochloride (28.80 mg, 233.05 μmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added TEA (54.42 mg, 537.81 μmol, 74.86 μL) , the mixture was stirred at 40 ℃ for 24 hr. The residue was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography ( 4 g Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~100%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @20 mL / min) to afford Compound 31 (44.35 mg, 83.63 μmol, 46.65%yield, 93.70%purity) as a yellow solid.
[0460] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 31. Preparation of Compound 35A and 35B
[0461] Compound 35 (80 mg, 193.80 μmol) was separated by SFC (column: DAICEL CHIRALPAK IC (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-MeOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 50%, isocratic elution mode) . The first fraction was collected as Compound 35A (26.20 mg, 59.26 μmol, 30.58%yield, 93.36%purity) as a white solid, and the second fraction was collected as Compound 35B (26.11 mg, 59.84 μmol, 30.88%yield, 94.60%purity) as a white solid. Preparation of Compound 37
[0462] To a solution of intermediate 153 (170 mg, 385.10 μmol) in MeCN (3 mL) was added DBU (175.88 mg, 1.16 mmol, 174.14 μL) and BOP (340.64 mg, 770.19 μmol, 2 eq) , the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. The mixture was cooled to r.t. and then diluted with H2O 20 mL and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x 3) . The combined organic layers were washed with sat. NH4Cl (20 mL *3) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (0.01%HCl condition) and further purified by SFC (column: IK (250mm*30mm, 10um) ; mobile phase: [CO2-MeOH (0.1%NH3H2O) ] ; B%: 40%, isocratic elution mode) to afford Compound 37 (37.81 mg, 92.68 μmol, 24.07%yield, 99.85%purity) as a yellow solid.
[0463] The following compounds were synthesized by an analogous method as described above for Compound 37. LCMS (Liquid chromatography / Mass spectrometry) General procedure
[0464] The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) measurement was performed using a LC pump, a diode-array (DAD) or a UV detector and a column as specified in the respective methods. Flow from the column was brought to the Mass Spectrometer (MS) which was configured with an atmospheric pressure ion source. It is within the knowledge of the skilled person to set the tune parameters (e.g., scanning range, dwell time…) in order to obtain ions to allow the identification of the compound’s nominal monoisotopic molecular weight (MW) . Data acquisition was performed with appropriate software.
[0465] Compounds are described by their experimental retention times (Rt) and ions. If not specified differently in the table of data, the reported molecular ion corresponds to the [M+H] + (protonated molecule) and / or [M-H] - (deprotonated molecule) . All results were obtained with experimental uncertainties that are commonly associated with the method used. Method 1
[0466] Mobile phase: Ramp from 30%ACN (0.018%TFA) in water (0.037%TFA) to 90%ACN in 2.00 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then ramp from 90%ACN in water to 100%ACN in 1.70 min. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 30%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm. Method 2
[0467] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 2.40 min, Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; return back to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6x50mm, 5 μm. Method 3
[0468] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.20 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm. Method 4
[0469] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN in water (0.025%NH3·H2O) to 95%ACN in 3.00 min, Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.70 minutes Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 1.2 mL / min. Column temperature at 40℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is XBridge C18 2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 μm. Method 5
[0470] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 4.8 min, Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.60 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.0 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.60 min. Flow rate is set at 1.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50 ℃. The column is Kinetex EVO C18 2.1*50mm, 1.7 μm. Method 6
[0471] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.20 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x50 mm, 5 μm. Method 7
[0472] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 2.40 min, Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50 ℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm. Method 8
[0473] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.20 min, Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.30 minutes. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50 ℃. The column is of EVO C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 5 μm. Method 9
[0474] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.018%TFA) in water (0.037%TFA) to 95%ACN in 3.0 min, Flow rate is set at 1.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.60 minutes. Flow rate is set from 1.0 mL / min to 1.5 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.40 min. Flow rate is set at 1.5 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of Shim-pack Velox SP-C18 3.0 x 30 mm, 2.7 μm. Method 10
[0475] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN in water (0.025%NH3·H2O) to 95%ACN in 2.60 min, Flow rate is set at 0.6 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.25 minutes. Flow rate is set at 0.8 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.15 min. Flow rate is set at 1.2 mL / min. Column temperature at 40℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is of XBridge C18 2.1 x 30 mm, 3.5 μm. Method 11
[0476] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN (0.01875%TFA) in water (0.0375%TFA) to 95%ACN in water in 0.60 min, Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.18 minutes. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min; return back to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.02 min. Flow rate is set at 2.0 mL / min. Column temperature at 50℃. The column is of EVO C18 2.1 x 30 mm, 5 μm. Method 12
[0477] Mobile phase: Ramp from 5%ACN in water (0.025%NH3·H2O) to 95%ACN in 3.00 min, Flow rate is set at 0.9 mL / min; then hold at 95%ACN for 0.70 minutes. Flow rate is set at 0.9 mL / min; return to 5%ACN in water and hold for 0.30 min. Flow rate is set at 1.2 mL / min. Column temperature at 40℃ and detector wavelength from 210 nm to 265 nm. The column is of XBridge C18 3.0 x 50 mm, 5 μm. Analytical data
[0478] The LCMS analytical information listed in Table 3 below. Table 3 NMR Methods:
[0479] NMR experiments were carried out using a Bruker Advance III 400 spectrometer at ambient temperature (298.6 K) , using internal deuterium lock, and equipped with BBO 400 MHz S1 5 mm probe head with z gradients and operating at 400 MHz for the proton and 100 MHz for carbon. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) . J values are expressed in Hz.
[0480] The NMR analytical information in the Tables below. Biochemical PI3Kα (PIK3CA / PIK3R1) kinase assay
[0481] PI3Kα kinase activity and the determination of inhibitors IC50 was determined by ADP-GloTMKinase Assay (V9102, Promega) . Recombinant, Full length human PI3Kαwild-type or H1047R mutant protein were purchased as 1: 1 complex of N-terminal 6x his-tagged PIK3CA (p110α, catalytic subunit) and untagged PIK3R1 (p85α, regulatory subunit) from Viva Biotech. L-α-phosphatidylinositol from Glycine max (Soy PI, Cat. L130328) was used for the lipid substrate by dissolving in the ddH2O to a final concentration of 1 mM. 10 mM stock compounds in DMSO were serially diluted as 1: 4 ratio to generate a 12-point then dispensed into 384-well low volume plate (Cat. 784076, Greiner) using liquid handler system (mosquito LV, SPT Labtech) . The kinase buffer was prepared in 50 mM HEPES, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT, and 0.015%Brij-35.5 nM PI3Kα proteins plus 2 μM Soy PI were pre-incubated with compounds in plate at RT for 30 min. After the pre-incubation, the reaction was initiated by adding a final concentration of 100 μM ATP for 2 h. After that time, an equal volume of ADP-Glo reagent was added to stop the reaction and deplete the remaining ATP at RT for 1 h. Then, an equal volume of detection reagent was added to the mixture for 1 h, to achieve a simultaneous reaction of conversion of remaining ADP to ATP and consumption of newly synthesized ATP by the luciferase reaction. After the reaction, generated luminescence was measured by a microplate reader (VICTOR PerkinElmer) with 500 ms integration time. All of measured IC50 values were analyzed in GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 (La Jolla California USA, www. graphpad. com) using four parameters dose-response inhibition model. PI3Kα (PIK3CA) activity in vitro cell based assay
[0482] The human breast cancer cells T-47D with PICKCA mutation H1047R were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, 11875093) supplemented with 10%Fetal Bovine Serum, heat inactivated (Invitrogen, 10091-148) . Cultures were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37℃ under 5%CO2 / 95%air. For compound testing, T-47D cells were seeded at a density of 2x10E4 cells per well in 96-well plates in 100 μL of RPMI 1640 Media with 0.1%FBS, incubated overnight. Compounds dissolved in 10 mM stock solutions in DMSO were serially diluted 1: 5 in DMSO to generate a 10-point dilution series. To initiate compounds treatment, the supernatant of cells was aspirated from 96-well plate, and 100 μL dilution series of compounds in RPMI 1640 Media with 0.1%FBS were added to the cell plate to final concentrations ranging from 20 μM to 0.0000102 μM in 0.2%DMSO. 0.2%DMSO alone was used to establish the maximum (MAX) signal and Alpelisib was used as a reference compound. After 1 hour treatment, the medium was removed, and the cells lysed in 40 μL of freshly prepared 1 x Lysis Buffer with shaking (~350 rpm) for 20 minutes at room temperature. Then 10 μL of the lysate were transferred to a 384-well OptiplateTM for AlphaLisa assay with phospho-AKT (1 / 2 / 3) AlphaLISA kit (PerkinElmer, ALSU-PAKT-B10K) . The Acceptor Mix (Reaction Buffer 1 + Reaction Buffer 2 + Activation Buffer +AlphaLISA CaptSure Acceptor Beads) was prepared by diluting Activation buffer 25-fold in combined Reaction Buffer 1 and Reaction Buffer 2. The Acceptor beads were diluted 50-fold in the combined Reaction Buffers. 2.5 μL of Acceptor Mix was added to each well, the plate was sealed and covered with foil and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature. The Donor Mix (Dilution Buffer + Alpha Streptavidin Donor Beads) was prepared by diluting Donor Beads 50-fold in dilution buffer. 2.5 μL of the Donor Mix was added to each well and the plate sealed and covered with foil and incubated for 1 hour at room temperature in the dark. The plates were read on a Spark multimode plate reader instrument from Tecan using standard AlphaLisa settings. Cell proliferation assay
[0483] The human breast cancer cells with PI3KCA mutations, T-47D (PI3KCA H1047R / WT) , MDA-MB-453 (PI3KCA H1047R / WT) , were employed to test the activity of compounds on cell proliferation. The breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3, with wild-type PI3KCA, was used as control cell line. The T-47D, MDA-MB-453 and SK-BR3 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, 11875093) , DMEM (Gibco, 11965092) or McCoy's 5A (Gibco, 16600082) medium respectively, supplemented with 10%Fetal Bovine Serum, heat inactivated (Invitrogen, 10091-148) . Cultures were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37℃ under 5%CO2 / 95%air. To investigate the effect of various compounds on cell growth, T-47D, MDA-MB-453 or SK-BR-3 cells were seeded at a density of 500 cells per well in 384-well plates in 40 μL of growth medium. The plate was then incubated at 37℃ with 5%CO2 for adhesion. Once the cells adhered to the plate, compounds at a 2X top concentration (20 μM) were prepared in growth medium and 40 μL of the compound solution was added to each well, then the plate was incubated at 37℃ for 5 days. On the fourth day, 1 / 10th volume of (10×) Alamar blue reagent (Thermo, A50100) was added directly to cells in culture medium, and the plate was incubated overnight at 37℃ with 5%CO2. Fluorescence was measured by plate reader (Perkin Elmer Victor Nivo 5F) using an excitation wavelength of 560 nm and an emission wavelength of 590 nm. Biological Data
[0484] The biological activities of certain compounds using the assays described above are shown in Table 4. For PI3Kα ADP-Glo IC50 (nM) : A denotes < 20 nM; B denotes 20 nM ≤ IC50 < 50 nM; C denotes 50 nM ≤ IC50 < 100 nM; D denotes IC50 ≥ 100 nM. For T47D p-AKT IC50 (nM) : A denotes < 20 nM; B denotes 20 nM ≤ IC50 < 50 nM; C denotes 50 nM ≤ IC50 < 100 nM; D denotes IC50 ≥ 100 nM. For T47D anti-proliferation IC50 (nM) and MB-453 anti-proliferation IC50 (nM) : A denotes < 100 nM; B denotes 100 nM ≤ IC50 < 500 nM;C denotes 500 nM ≤ IC50 < 1000 nM; D denotes IC50 ≥ 1000 nM. Table 4
[0485] Reference compound STX-478 was prepared according to the synthetic procedure of Compound 80 described in WO 2022 / 265993 A1. Efficacy Study in GP2D Xenograft Model
[0486] The GP2D cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10%heat inactivated fetal bovine serum at 37℃ in an atmosphere of 5%CO2 in air. 5x106 GP2D cells were implanted subcutaneously onto the right flank of female BALB / c nude mice (weight 18-22 g, 6-8 weeks old, supplied by Shanghai Lingchang Biotech Co., Ltd) . When tumors reached approximately 140-150 mm3 in size, the mice were randomly assigned to five treatment groups as shown in the Table 5. The mice were continuously dosed with the Compound for 21 Days. Tumor volume (TV) was measured twice weekly in two dimensions using a caliper, and the volume was expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5×a ×b2, where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively.
[0487] The Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI) was summarized in Table 5. TGI was defined by the following formula: %TGI = ( (TV vehicle / last –TV vehicle / day0) - (TV treated / last –TV treated / day0) ) / (TV vehicle / last –TV vehicle / day 0) × 100, based on the mean value of the treatment groups at day 0 and last day of measurement. Table 5 *Compounds A and B are each selected from one of the compounds of formula (I-A) in Table 1.
[0488] The experimental data showed that Compound A and Compound B from Table 1 have better anti-tumor growth effect than the reference compound (STX-478) in GP2D Xenograft model. Efficacy study in MDA-MB-361 Xenograft model
[0489] The MDA-MB-361 cells were cultured in L-15 medium supplemented with 20%heat inactivated fetal bovine serum at 37℃ in an atmosphere without the addition of CO2 in air. 1x107 MDA-MB-361 cells were implanted subcutaneously onto the right flank of female BALB / c Nude mice (weight 18-22 g, 6-8 weeks old, supplied by Zhejiang Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd) . When tumors reached approximately 200 mm3, the mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups as shown in the following Table 2. The mice were continuously dosed with the Compounds for 28 Days. Tumor volume (TV) was measured twice weekly in two dimensions using a caliper, and the volume was expressed in mm3 using the formula: V = 0.5×a ×b2, where a and b are the long and short diameters of the tumor, respectively.
[0490] The Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI) was summarized in Table 6. TGI was defined by the following formula: %TGI = ( (TV vehicle / last –TV vehicle / day 0) - (TV treated / last –TV treated / day 0) ) / (TV vehicle / last –TV vehicle / day 0) × 100, based on the mean value of the treatment groups at day 0 and last day of measurement. Table 6 *Compound A is selected from one of the compounds of formula (I-A) in Table 1.
[0491] The experimental data showed that Compound A from Table 1 has better anti-tumor growth effect than the reference compound (STX-478) in MDA-MB-361 Xenograft model.
[0492] The embodiments described above are intended to be merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will recognize, or will be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents of specific compounds, materials, and procedures. All such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of the invention and are encompassed by the appended claims.
[0493] The embodiments described above are intended to be merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will recognize, or will be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents of specific compounds, materials, and procedures. All such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of the invention and are encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I-A) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X1 is C or N;X2 is CH, CRa2, or N;X3 is CH, CRa3, or N;X4 is CH, CRa4, or N;X5 is C or N;Z1 is CH, CRz1, N, NH, NRz1, O, or S;Z2 is CH, CRz2, N, NH, NRz2, O, or S;Z3 is CH, CRz3, N, NH, NRz3, O, or S;Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl;R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;Ring A is C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C18 aryl, 5 to 18-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 18-membered heterocyclyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits;each R1 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -OR2, -NHR2, -NR2R2, oxo, =NH, =NR2, -SO2R2, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHR2, -S (=O) 2NR2R2, -S (=O) (=NH) R2, -S (=O) (=NR2) R2, -C (=O) R2, -CO2H, -CO2R2, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHR2, -C (=O) NR2R2, -NH (C=O) R2, -NR2 (C=O) R2, -NH (C=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) NHR2, -NHC (=O) NR2R2, or R2;each R2 is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; or two R2 together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3-to 8-membered ring moiety; and each R2 (including the ring moiety formed by two R2 together with the nitrogen they are attached to) is independently optionally substituted with one or more R3, as valency permits;each R3 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -OR4, -NH2, -NHR4, -NR4R4, oxo, =NH, =NR4, -SO2R4, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHR4, -S (=O) 2NR4R4, -S (=O) (=NH) R4, -S (=O) (=NR4) R4, -C (=O) R4, -CO2H, -CO2R4, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHR4, -C (=O) NR4R4, -NH (C=O) R4, -NR4 (C=O) R4, -NH (C=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) NHR4, -NHC (=O) NR4R4, or R4;each R4 is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; or two R4 together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3-to 8-membered ring moiety; and each R4 (including the ring moiety formed by two R4 together with the nitrogen they are attached to) is independently optionally substituted with one or more R5, as valency permits;each R5 is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -OR6, -NH2, -NHR6, -NR6R6, oxo, =NH, =NR6, -SO2R6, -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NHR6, -S (=O) 2NR6R6, -S (=O) (=NH) R6, -S (=O) (=NR6) R6, -C (=O) R6, -CO2H, -CO2R6, -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NHR6, -C (=O) NR6R6, -NH (C=O) R6, -NR6 (C=O) R6, -NH (C=O) NH2, -NHC (=O) NHR6, -NHC (=O) NR6R6, or R6; andeach R6 is independently C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; or two R6 together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3-to 8-membered ring moiety; and each R6 (including the ring moiety formed by two R6 together with the nitrogen they are attached to) is independently optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits.2.A compound of Formula (I-B) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X1 is C or N;X2 is CH, CRa2, or N;X3 is CH, CRa3, or N;X4 is CH, CRa4, or N;X5 is C or N;Z1 is CH, CRz1, N, NH, NRz1, O, or S;Z2 is CH, CRz2, N, NH, NRz2, O, or S;Z3 is CH, CRz3, N, NH, NRz3, O, or S;Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently deuterium, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium, halogen, or methyl;R is C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted;Y1 is CRb1 or N;Y2 is CRb2 or N;Y3 is CRb3 or N;Y4 is CRb4 or N;R1a is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl;Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 10-membered heteroaryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl) , ORd, SRd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd , C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, or any two of adjacent Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 together with the carbons they are attached to form a 3 to 12-membered Ring M; and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylene and Ring M are independently optionally substituted; andeach instance of Rd is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 10-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl, or two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3 to 8-membered ring, and wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are independently optionally substituted.3.The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein X3 is CRa3.4.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein X4 is CH or CRa4.5.The compound of claim 1 or 2, which is a compound of Formula (II-A1) , (II-A2) , (II-B1) , or (II-B2) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.6.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the bicyclic ring containing X1 to X5 and Z1 to Z3 has only one or two ring heteroatoms.7.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein one or two of X1, X2, X5, Z1, Z2, and Z3 have heteroatoms on the ring.8.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein X2 is CH or N.9.The compound of claim 1 or 2, which is a compound of Formula (III-A1) , (III-A2) , (III-A3) , (III-A4) , (III-A5) , (III-B1) , (III-B2) , (III-B3) , (III-B4) , or (III-B5) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.10.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein Z2 is CH, N, or O.11.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein is 12.The compound of claim 11, wherein is 13.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein Z1 is CH, CRz1, O, N, or NRz1, as valency permits.14.The compound of claim 1 or 2, wherein is wherein, as valency permits,X1 is C or N;X5 is C or N;each instance of X0 is independently CH or N;each instance of Z0 is independently CH, N, NH, O, or S; andeach instance of Z is independently C or N.15.The compound of claim 1 or 2, which is a compound of Formula (IV-A1) , (IV-A2) , (IV-A3) , (IV-A4) , (IV-A5) , (IV-A6) , (IV-A7) , (IV-A8) , (IV-A9) , (IV-A10) , (IV-A11) , (IV-A12) , (IV-A13) , (IV-A14) , (IV-A15) , (IV-A16) , (IV-A17) , (IV-A18) , (IV-A19) , (IV-A20) , (IV-A21) , (IV-A22) , (IV-A23) , (IV-A24) , (IV-A25) , (IV-A26) , (IV-A27) , (IV-B1) , (IV-B2) , (IV-B3) , (IV-B4) , (IV-B5) , (IV-B6) , (IV-B7) , (IV-B8) , (IV-B9) , (IV-B10) , (IV-B11) , (IV-B12) , (IV-B13) , (IV-B14) , (IV-B15) , (IV-B16) , (IV-B17) , (IV-B18) , (IV-B19) , (IV-B20) , or (IV-B21) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.16.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 15, wherein Ring A is phenyl or a 5 or 6-membered heteroaryl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.17.The compound of claim 16, wherein Ring A is imidazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, or thiazolyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.18.The compound of claim 17, wherein Ring A is pyrimidinyl, and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.19.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 15, wherein Ring A is wherein the attachment to the left is to the urea moiety, and the attachment to the right is to a hydrogen or R1.20.The compound of claim 1, which is a compound of Formula (V-A1) , (V-A2) , (V-A3) , (V-A4) , (V-A5) , (V-A6) , (V-A7) , (V-A8) , or (V-A9) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:X7 is CRa7 or N;X8 is CRa8 or N;X9 is CRa9 or N;X10 is CRa10 or N; andRa7, Ra8, Ra9, and Ra10 are each independently hydrogen or R1.21.The compound of claim 20, wherein Ra7, Ra8, Ra9, and Ra10 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy, and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 haloalkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits.22.The compound of claim 20 or 21, which is a compound of Formula (VI-A1) , (VI-A2) , (VI-A3) , (VI-A4) , (VI-A5) , (VI-A6) , (VI-A7) , (VI-A8) , (VI-A9) , (VI-A10) , (VI-A11) , (VI-A12) , (VI-A13) , (VI-A14) , (VI-A15) , (VI-A16) , (VI-A17) , (VI-A18) , (VI-A19) , (VI-A20) , (VI-A21) , (VI-A22) , (VI-A23) , (VI-A24) , (VI-A25) , (VI-A26) , (VI-A27) , (VI-A28) , or (VI-A29) : or a stereoisomer, a mixture of stereoisomers, a tautomer, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.23.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 15, wherein Ring A is 8 to 14-membered bicyclic heteroaryl or 8 to 14-membered bicyclic aryl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.24.The compound of claim 23, wherein Ring A is wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one R1.25.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 15, wherein Ring A is 11 to 18-membered tricyclic heteroaryl or 11 to 18-membered tricyclic aryl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.26.The compound of claim 25, wherein Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1.27.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 15, wherein Ring A is 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl or C3-C8 cycloalkyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.28.The compound of claim 27, wherein Ring A is 5 or 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; and Ring A is optionally substituted with one or more R1, as valency permits.29.The compound of claim 27 or 28, wherein Ring A (including R1, if any) is 30.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 28, wherein at least one R1 is present and is halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, -SO2 (C1-C6 alkyl) , -S (=O) 2NH2, -S (=O) 2NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , -S (=O) 2N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, -C (=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) , -CO2H, -CO2 (C1-C6 alkyl) , -C (=O) NH2, -C (=O) NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , -C (=O) N (C1-C6 alkyl) (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, or C1-C6 alkoxy; and wherein the alkyl and alkoxy are optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, -NH2, -NH (C1-C6 alkyl) , or -N (C1-C6 alkyl) 2, as valency permits.31.The compound of claim 30, wherein the R1 is -NH2.32.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 28, wherein at least one R1 is present and is R2, and R2 is (C3-C8 cycloalkyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (C6-C10 aryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, (3-to 12-membered heterocyclyl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -, or (5-to 10-membered heteroaryl) - (C0-C3 alkyl) -; and R2 is optionally substituted with one or more R3, as valency permits.33.The compound of claim 32, wherein R2 is azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, or piperazinyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more R3, as valency permits.34.The compound of claim 32, wherein R2 is wherein the attachment to the left is to the Ring A, and the attachment to the right is to a hydrogen or R3.35.The compound of any one of claims 1 or 3 to 34, wherein at least one R3 is present and is -L-R3’, wherein:L is absent, C1-C6 alkylene, or C3-C8 cycloalkylene, and wherein the alkylene and cycloalkylene are optionally substituted;R3’ is -SO2Rc, -S (=O) 2NRbRc, -SO2NH2, -S (=O) (=NRb) Rc, -C (=O) NRbRc, -C (=O) NH2, -NRb (C=O) Rc, ORc, -NRbRc, or Ring C which is a 3 to 12-membered heterocyclyl;Rb is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl;Rc is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl, or 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl;wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more Ra13, as valency permits; andRa13 is halogen, oxo, OH, -C (=O) (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, or -C (=O) NH (C1-C6 alkyl) .36.The compound of claim 35, wherein at least one R3 is present and is -L- (Ring C) , L is absent or C1-C6 alkylene, and Ring C is a 3 to 12-membered heterocyclyl, and Ring C is optionally substituted with one or more Ra13, as valency permits.37.The compound of claim 36, wherein Ring C is: wherein the point of attachment is to L, and Ring C is optionally substituted with one or more Ra13, as valency permits.38.The compound of any one of claims 35 to 37, wherein Ra13 is halogen, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C3 alkoxy, or -C (=O) (C1-C3 alkyl) .39.The compound of any one of claims 2 to 15, wherein is 40.The compound of claim 39, which is a compound of Formula (V-B1) , (V-B2) , (V-B3) , (V-B4) , (V-B5) , (V-B6) , (V-B7) , (V-B8) , (V-B9) , (V-B10) , (V-B11) , (V-B12) , (V-B13) , (V-B14) , (V-B15) , or (V-B16) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.41.The compound of claim 39 or 40, wherein Z2 is CH, N, or O.42.The compound of any one of claims 39 to 41, wherein is 43.The compound of any one of claims 39 to 42, wherein Z1 is CH, CRz1, O, N, or NRz1, as valency permits.44.The compound of claim 40, which is a compound of Formula (VI-B1) , (VI-B2) , (VI-B3) , (VI-B4) , (VI-B5) , (VI-B6) , (VI-B7) , (VI-B8) , (VI-B9) , (VI-B10) , (VI-B11) , (VI-B12) , (VI-B13) , (VI-B14) , (VI-B15) , (VI-B16) , (VI-B17) , (VI-B18) , (VI-B19) , or (VI-B20) : or a stereoisomer, mixture of stereoisomers, isotopologue, tautomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.45.The compound of any one of claims 39 to 44, wherein Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, cyano, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C6-C10 aryl, 5 to 8-membered heteroaryl, 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl, (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (C6-C10 aryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (5 to 8-membered heteroaryl) , (C1-C6 alkylene) - (3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl) , ORd, SRd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2; and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and alkylene are independently optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.46.The compound of claim 45, wherein Rb1 and Rb3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl, ORd, SRd, N (Rd) 2, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, S (=O) 2Rd, or S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, oxo, C1-C3 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, ORd, N (Rd) 2, (C=O) Rd, (C=S) Rd, NRd (C=O) Rd, (C=O) N (Rd) 2, OC (=O) Rd, C (=O) ORd, S (=O) 2Rd, and S (=O) 2N (Rd) 2.47.The compound of claim 45 or 46, wherein Rb1 is hydrogen.48.The compound of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein Rb3 is N (Rd) 2.49.The compound of any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein each instance of Rd is independently hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, or two Rd together with the nitrogen they are attached to form a 3 to 8-membered heterocyclyl.50.The compound of any one of claims 2 to 15, wherein any two of adjacent Rb1, Rb2, Rb3 and Rb4 together with the carbons they are attached to form Ring M, and wherein Ring M is a 4 to 6-membered heterocyclyl, 5 to 6-membered heteroaryl, or phenyl, and wherein the heterocyclyl, heteroaryl and phenyl are optionally substituted.51.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein Ra3 is halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen.52.The compound of claim 51, wherein Ra3 is fluorine, chlorine, deuterium, or methyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 deuterium or fluorine.53.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 52, wherein Ra4 is halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen.54.The compound of claim 53, wherein Ra4 is fluorine or chlorine.55.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 54, wherein Ra3 is CH3, and Ra4 is fluorine or chlorine.56.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 55, wherein Rz1 and Rz3 are each independently halogen, or C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more deuterium or halogen.57.The compound of claim 56, wherein Rz1 and Rz3 are each independently F, Cl, or methyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 deuterium or fluorine.58.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, Rz1, Rz2, and Rz3 are each independently F, Cl, or methyl.59.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein R is C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl are optionally substituted.60.The compound of claim 59, wherein R is C1-C3 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more halogen, deuterium, OH, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or 3 to 6-membered heterocyclyl.61.The compound of claim 59, wherein R is CH3, CF3, CHF2, CF2CH3, CF2C2H5, CF2-cyclopropyl, CH2-cyclopropyl, CHFCH3, CHFCH2F, CH2CF3, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, oxiran-2-yl, oxetan-2-yl, oxetan-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, or tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl.62.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the carbon connected to R has S-configuration.63.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein the carbon connected to R has R-configuration.64.The compound of any one of claims 1 to 63, is 65.A compound in Table 1 or Table 1A, or a stereoisomer, or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.66.A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a compound of any one of claims 1 to 65, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.67.A method of treating a cancer, comprising administering to a subject having the cancer a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 65 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 66.68.The method of claim 67, wherein the cancer is a PI3Kα-associated cancer.69.The method of claim 67 or 68, wherein the cancer is head and neck cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, hematological cancer, thyroid cancer, colon cancer, or gastric cancer.70.The method of claim 69, wherein the cancer is breast cancer.71.The method of any one of claims 67 to 70, wherein the subject has one or more mutations in the PIK3CA gene, or in the amino acid sequence of PI3Kα protein.72.The method of claim 71, wherein the mutation is in Exon 7, Exon 9, or Exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene.73.The method of claim 71, wherein the mutation is C420R, E542K, E545A, E545D, E545G, E545K, Q546E, Q546R, H1047L, H1047R, or H1047Y.74.The method of any one of claims 67 to 73, further comprising a step of diagnosing the subject as having a PI3Kα-associated cancer.
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