Cryogenic air separation equipment and method
The cryogenic air separation method and equipment optimize the process flow using a single expansion turbine-driven turbocharger to efficiently produce liquid and gas products with controlled pressures and compositions, reducing energy consumption and investment by eliminating external air boosters.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/098279
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-03
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-11
AI Technical Summary
Existing cryogenic air separation processes are inefficient and costly due to high energy consumption and significant investment, particularly when producing pressurized gas products like oxygen, as they often require external air boosters and complex rectification systems.
A cryogenic air separation method and equipment utilizing a single expansion turbine-driven turbocharger, which compresses and cools air streams efficiently, eliminating the need for external air boosters, and includes a rectification column system with a high-pressure and low-pressure column to produce liquid and gas products with controlled pressures and compositions.
The method and equipment achieve efficient production of liquid and gas products with reduced energy consumption and investment by optimizing the process flow, achieving a liquid yield ratio of 10-20% and gas product pressures not exceeding 15 bara, while eliminating the need for external energy-driven air boosters.
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Figure CN2025098279_11122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Cryogenic air separation equipment and methodTechnical Field
[0001] The present invention pertains to the field of air separation, and relates to cryogenic air separation method and equipment, in particular to cryogenic air separation method and equipment in which a pressurized gas product is obtained by using an internal compression process.Background Art
[0002] It is a known technology to produce air products such as oxygen, nitrogen and argon by rectifying air at low temperature. Air separation equipment based on cryogenic rectification generally includes a main air compressor, an air pre-cooling and purification system, a main heat exchanger and a rectification column system. The cold required for cryogenic separation is generated by introducing cryogenic liquid (such as liquid nitrogen) from the outside or by expanding the air. The rectification column system may include a single column, or two and three columns coupled by heat exchange. As an example, the two-column rectification column system is composed of a low-pressure column with a lower operating pressure and a high-pressure column with a higher operating pressure, and can produce products such as gaseous and liquid nitrogen and oxygen at the same time.
[0003] An external compression or an internal compression process is adopted in the prior art to meet the customer’s need for a gas product with a pressure higher than the operating pressure of a high-pressure column or a low-pressure column. The external compression process refers to a process of vaporizing (for a liquid product) and reheating, in the main heat exchanger, a liquid or gaseous product taken out of the rectification column without changing its pressure, and compressing, with a gas compressor, the reheated gaseous product to the pressure required by the customer.
[0004] The internal compression process refers to a process of boosting, with a liquid pump, the pressure of a liquid product taken out of the rectification column to the pressure required by the customer, and then evaporating, pseudo-evaporating and reheating it in the main heat exchanger to obtain a gas product with appropriate pressure.
[0005] When the gas product required by the customer is a pressurized oxygen product, for the sake of safety and oxygen utilization, the internal compression process is preferred, in which the liquid oxygen stream is boosted by a liquid oxygen pump to the pressure required by the customer, and then vaporized and reheated in the main heat exchanger using high-pressure air in the main flow. In the prior art, high-pressure air in the main flow is often obtained by using an air booster after using a main air compressor. For example, both US5,515,687 and CN108253732A disclose a method of compressing, at room temperature, at least a part of air compressed by the main air compressor, precooled and purified into high-pressure air in the main flow at a pressure higher than that of the liquid oxygen to be vaporized in a re-compressor (i.e. an air booster) provided with energy from outside.
[0006] In view of the considerable investment and energy consumption of the cryogenic air separation process, those skilled in the art are committed to optimizing the process flow for some specific product types, in order to improve the production efficiency, reduce the energy consumption and save the investment and operating expenses.Summary of the Invention
[0007] The present invention aims to provide a cryogenic air separation method and a cryogenic air separation equipment, so as to produce liquid and gas products with certain pressure and composition more efficiently and cost-effectively.
[0008] In order to achieve the above objective, in one aspect, the present invention provides a cryogenic air separation method using air separation equipment, the air separation equipment comprising a main air compressor, an air pre-cooling and purification system, a single expansion turbine, a single turbocharger, a main heat exchanger, and a rectification column system comprising a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column. The turbocharger is driven by the expansion turbine. Firstly, all feed air is compressed in the main air compressor to a first air pressure to form a first pressure air stream, the first air pressure is at least 6 bara higher than an operating pressure of the high-pressure column; then a first part of the first pressure air stream is compressed in the turbocharger to a second air pressure to form a second pressure air stream, which is completely cooled in the main heat exchanger, depressurized by throttling, and then input into the rectification column system; at the same time, a second part of the first pressure air stream is partially cooled in the main heat exchanger, then introduced into the expansion turbine where it is depressurized by expansion, and then input into the rectification column system. Liquid products are obtained in the air separation equipment, wherein a liquid yield ratio of the air separation equipment is 10%-20%, and a liquid first product stream is obtained in the rectification column system, boosted to a higher first product pressure in a liquid state, heat-exchanged with the second pressure air stream in the main heat exchanger where it is evaporated or pseudo-evaporated and heated, and then removed from the air separation equipment as a first pressure gas product, wherein the air separation equipment does not include an air booster driven by externally supplied energy.
[0009] In the above method, the first air pressure ranges from 12 bara to 17 bara, and the second air pressure ranges from 22 bara to 30 bara.
[0010] Further, the first product stream contains liquid oxygen, the first product pressure is not higher than 15 bara, and the first pressure gas product is oxygen; preferably, the first product pressure is not higher than 10 bara, and more preferably, the first product pressure is equal to 9 bara.
[0011] The liquid products produced by the above method comprise one or more of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon.
[0012] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a cryogenic air separation equipment, which comprises: a main heat exchanger; a rectification column system comprising a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column; a main air compressor, characterized by compressing all feed air to a first air pressure to form a first pressure air stream, wherein the first air pressure is at least 6 bara higher than an operating pressure of the high-pressure column; a single expansion turbine for receiving a second part of the first pressure air stream that is partially cooled in the main heat exchanger; a single turbocharger, which is driven by the expansion turbine and configured to compress a first part of the first pressure air stream to a second air pressure to form a second pressure air stream; means for introducing the second pressure air stream into the main heat exchanger for complete cooling therein, then depressurizing it by throttling, and then introducing it into the rectification column system; means for introducing the second part of the first pressure air stream, that is depressurized by expansion, into the rectification column system; a device for boosting a liquid first product stream obtained in the rectification column system to a higher first product pressure; means for exchanging heat between the liquid first product stream at the first product pressure and the second pressure air stream in the main heat exchanger, and removing a first pressure gas product, that is formed after evaporation or pseudo evaporation and heating, from the cryogenic air separation equipment; means for removing a liquid product obtained in the rectification column system from the cryogenic air separation equipment, wherein a liquid yield ratio of the cryogenic air separation equipment is 10%-20%, in particular, the cryogenic air separation equipment does not include an air booster driven by externally supplied energy.
[0013] The present invention proposes a concise and efficient air separation process, in which gas and liquid products are obtained through cryogenic separation of air, wherein the pressure of gas products (especially oxygen) is not higher than 15 bara, and the liquid yield ratio of liquid products is between 10%and 20%. Unlike in a conventional air separation process, besides the main air compressor, only one turbocharger driven by an expansion turbine is adopted in the present invention without an air booster, which saves investment and reduces energy consumption.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0014] The advantages and spirit of the present invention can be further understood through the following detailed description of the invention and the attached drawings.
[0015] Fig. 1 is a process schematic diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
[0016] List of reference numerals:
[0017] 20-main air compressor; 21-air pre-cooling and purification system; 22-turbocharger; 23-expansion turbine; 24-aftercooler; 25-main heat exchanger; 26-throttle valve; 27-liquid pump; 28-condenser / evaporator; 29-high-pressure column; 30-low-pressure column; 50-rectification column system; 1-feed air; 2-first pressure air stream; 3-first part of the first pressure air stream; 4-second pressure air stream; 5-second part of the first pressure air stream; 6-first product stream; 7-nitrogen; 8-waste nitrogen; 9-liquid oxygen; 10-liquid nitrogen; 11-first pressure gas product; 100-air separation equipment.
[0018] Detailed Description of the Embodiments
[0019] Specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, it will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below, and the technical concepts of the present invention can be implemented in combination with other known technologies or other technologies having the same functions as the known technologies.
[0020] The terms "first" and "second" are only used for the purposes of description, and do not intend to limit the time sequence, quantity or importance. They cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, but are only used for distinguishing one technical feature from another in the technical solution. Accordingly, the feature defined as "first" or "second" may include one or more of said feature explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, "multiple / a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Similarly, the qualifier similar to "a" herein does not intend to limit the quantity, but to describe a technical feature that has not appeared previously. Similarly, unless it is a noun modified by a specific quantifier, it should be regarded as including both singular and plural forms herein, and the technical solution can include both singular and plural technical features. Words like "single" , "only” and "merely" should be understood as specific quantifiers, defining one and only one noun.
[0021] Modifiers like "about" and "approximately" appearing before numerals herein usually contain the numerals themselves, and their specific meanings should be interpreted in combination with the context. When numerals appear as endpoints of a numerical range, the numerical range contains values of the two endpoints. Similarly, when a numerical value is used as an endpoint of an open numerical range, such as “at least” , “at most” , “not more than” , “not less than” , “not higher than” and “not lower than” , the open numerical range also includes the value of the endpoint.
[0022] It will be appreciated that in the present invention, "at least one (time) " refers to one (time) or more (times) . "And / or" is used to describe the relationship of related objects, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships. For example, "Aand / or B" can mean only A, only B and both A and B, where A and B can be singular or plural.
[0023] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. Unless otherwise specified, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those with ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs. It will also be appreciated that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be understood as having the same meanings as those interpreted in the context of this specification and the related field, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly stipulated herein. For brevity and / or clarity, well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail.
[0024] The pressure data here usually does not include natural pressure loss. If the pressure difference between the corresponding parts is not greater than the natural line loss caused by the pressure loss in the pipeline, heat exchanger, cooler, adsorber, ordinary regulating valve (non-throttle valve) , the pressure is rated as "equal" herein. "Pressure" and "pressure range" in the present invention allow certain errors, and the unit used herein is absolute pressure. For a specific device or process for cryogenic separation of air, the pressure ranges do not coincide.
[0025] The cryogenic air separation equipment 100 in the present invention refers to a combination of a set of devices which can receive feed air and produce gas products and liquid products. The feed air is unpurified air at normal temperature and pressure, the gas products are generally gaseous products that are reheated to normal temperature through heat exchangers and meet the requirements of pressure and purity, and the liquid products are generally liquid products that are not reheated but meet the requirements of pressure and purity. The liquid products are often directly input into pipe networks or storage containers. The higher the output of liquid products directly taken from the air separation equipment as products, the more cold the air separation equipment needs. In practice, a liquid yield ratio is used to represent the molar ratio of all liquid products to oxygen products in the air separation equipment. The liquid products can include liquid oxygen (LOX) , liquid nitrogen (LIN) or liquid argon (LAR) if argon products are present, and the oxygen products include liquid oxygen (LOX) and gaseous oxygen (GOX) , and the calculation formula is as follows:
[0026] The rectification column system in the present invention refers to a device that receives a feed air at a cryogenic temperature and separates it into gaseous or liquid components such as oxygen and nitrogen through gas-liquid mass transfer. The rectification column system 50 is shown in a highly simplified form, including columns installed in a cold box and various devices installed in the columns, such as trays, packings, and condenser / evaporators; pipelines and valves for connecting the columns and outputting the rectification products, etc. The rectification column system 50 includes at least one low-pressure column 30 operating at a pressure level of 1.0 bara to 3.0 bara and a high-pressure column 29 operating at a pressure level of 4.0 bara to 7.0 bara, wherein the low-pressure column and the high-pressure column are thermally coupled via a main condenser / evaporator 28.
[0027] "Compressor" in the present invention refers to a device for compressing at least one gas stream from an initial pressure when the stream enters the compressor to a final pressure when the stream is taken out of the compressor. A compressor installed in a housing may contain a single or multiple compression stages. A main air compressor compresses all or the main part of the air volume fed into the air separation equipment, that is, the whole feed air stream. A compressor that compresses part or all of the feed air compressed in the main air compressor to a higher pressure is called a recompressor or an air booster. In the present invention, “air booster” refers specially to a compressor that is driven entirely by externally supplied energy, that is, not a booster that is driven by expansion of fluid previously compressed in the air separation equipment. The air separation equipment of the present invention does not include an air booster defined above.
[0028] An air pre-cooling system is arranged downstream of the main air compressor, where the feed air is cooled to a range of 10℃-25℃ by an air cooling tower, a water cooling tower, a freezer or a combination thereof, and sent to an air purification system. The purpose of the air purification system is to remove, from the feed air, the substances that may freeze in cryogenic state, such as water, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. Generally, parallel adsorbers filled with adsorbents such as molecular sieve and alumina are often adopted.
[0029] A "main heat exchanger" is configured to cool the feed air in indirect heat exchange with the return flow from the rectification column system, e.g. in heat exchange with waste nitrogen or cryogenic air separation products. The main heat exchanger may be formed of a single heat exchange section or a plurality of heat exchange sections connected in parallel and / or in series, which have "channels" designed as fluid channels separated from each other and having heat exchange surfaces. "Complete cooling" means that the stream to be cooled enters the main heat exchanger at the hot end and is led out of the main heat exchanger from the cold end, that is, the channel through which the stream flows runs through the whole main heat exchanger. "Partial cooling" means that the stream to be cooled is led out of the main heat exchanger at a position between the hot end and the cold end, that is, the channel through which the stream flows does not run through the whole main heat exchanger.
[0030] An "expansion turbine" or "expander" is configured to expand a gaseous or at least partially liquid stream under pressure and do work in the process. In the present invention, the expansion turbine 23 is coupled with a turbocharger 22 via a common shaft, thereby driving the turbocharger 22. In an ideal state, all the work done by the expansion turbine is transferred to the mechanically connected turbocharger, without using the energy externally supplied by, for example, a motor. "Mechanical connection" is understood in the context as a fixed or mechanically adjustable rotational speed relationship built between the rotating parts through mechanical parts, such as gears, belts, transmissions and the like. In the present invention, only one expansion turbine and one turbocharger thoroughly driven by the expansion turbine are used.
[0031] In Embodiment 1 represented by Fig. 1, the feed air 1 is first compressed in the main air compressor 20 to a first air pressure to generate a first pressure air stream 2. The first air pressure is at least 6 bara higher than an operating pressure of the high-pressure column, that is, the first air pressure ranges from 12 bara to 17 bara. After impurities are removed in an air pre-cooling and purification system 21, the first pressure air stream 2 is divided into two parts. A first part 3 is further compressed to a second air pressure by the turbocharger 22 to form a second pressure air stream 4. An aftercooler 24 that cools with cooling water may be provided downstream of the turbocharger 22, thereby removing the heat of compression from the air separation equipment 100. After the second pressure air stream 4 is completely cooled in the main heat exchanger 25, it is depressurized to the operating pressure of the rectification column system 50 through a throttle 26, and then fed into the corresponding high-pressure column and / or low-pressure column. A second part 5 of the first pressure air stream 2 is partially cooled in the main heat exchanger 25, then enters the expansion turbine 23 where it is depressurized by expansion to the pressure of the high-pressure column 29, and then is fed into the high-pressure column.
[0032] Liquid products containing liquid oxygen 9 and liquid nitrogen 10 are generated in the rectification column of Embodiment 1, and the liquid oxygen 9 and liquid nitrogen 10 are taken out of the rectification column system 50 and no longer participate in the heat exchange in the main heat exchanger 25 as reflux. Waste nitrogen 8 and pure nitrogen 7 are also generated, which can be taken out as products or realize the functions of precooling and regenerating purifiers after being reheated in the main heat exchanger in gaseous form. In this embodiment, the liquid first product stream 6 is liquid oxygen, and it can also be liquid nitrogen or liquid argon as required. A liquid pump 27 is configured to boost the pressure of the first product stream to a higher pressure, and the pressurized first product stream 6 is removed from the air separation equipment as a first pressure gas product 11 after being evaporated or pseudo-evaporated and reheated in the main heat exchanger 25.
[0033] In order to vaporize the pressurized first product stream in the main heat exchanger, it is necessary to provide a normal temperature air stream with matching pressure and flow rate to the main heat exchanger. In the present invention, this stream is the second pressure air stream 4 that is compressed successively by the main air compressor 20 and the turbocharger. When the first product stream is liquid nitrogen or liquid argon, the second air pressure is approximately equal to the pressure of the boosted first product stream, that is, the first product pressure; when the first product stream is liquid oxygen, the second air pressure presents a multiple relationship, e.g. 2-fold relationship with the boosted first product pressure. The present invention is particularly suitable for the circumstance where the first product pressure is not higher than 15 bara, preferably not higher than 10 bara, and the second air pressure ranges from 22 bara to 30 bara.
[0034] In Embodiment 1, it is taken as an example that the first pressure gas product is oxygen, the liquid products are the liquid oxygen stream 9 and the liquid nitrogen stream 10, and the oxygen products are the liquid oxygen stream 9 and the first pressure gas product 11, then the liquid yield ratio is calculated as follows using the number of moles of respective streams:
[0035] When the liquid yield ratio of the air separation equipment is less than 20%, especially between 10%and 15%, it is particularly beneficial to adopt the method and equipment of the present invention. By selecting the appropriate first air pressure and second air pressure, the turbocharger is completely driven by the work done by the expansion turbine, which reduces the energy consumption and the investment in purchasing an additional air booster.
[0036] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. They do not intend to limit the present invention, but are provided to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. Any technical solution that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A cryogenic air separation method using air separation equipment, the air separation equipment comprising a main air compressor, an air pre-cooling and purification system, a single expansion turbine, a single turbocharger, a main heat exchanger and a rectification column system, wherein the rectification column system includes a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column, and the turbocharger is driven by the expansion turbine, characterized in that,all feed air is compressed in the main air compressor to a first air pressure to form a first pressure air stream, wherein the first air pressure is at least 6 bara higher than an operating pressure of the high-pressure column,a first part of the first pressure air stream is compressed in the turbocharger to a second air pressure to form a second pressure air stream, which is completely cooled in the main heat exchanger, depressurized by throttling, and then input into the rectification column system,a second part of the first pressure air stream is partially cooled in the main heat exchanger, then introduced into the expansion turbine where it is depressurized by expansion, and then input into the rectification column system,liquid products are obtained in the air separation equipment, wherein a liquid yield ratio of the air separation equipment is 10%-20%,a liquid first product stream is obtained in the rectification column system, boosted to a higher first product pressure in a liquid state, heat-exchanged with the second pressure air stream in the main heat exchanger where it is evaporated or pseudo-evaporated and heated, and then removed from the air separation equipment as a first pressure gas product,wherein the air separation equipment does not include an air booster driven by externally supplied energy.2.The cryogenic air separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first air pressure ranges from 12 bara to 17 bara, and the second air pressure ranges from 22 bara to 30 bara.3.The cryogenic air separation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the first product stream contains liquid oxygen, the first product pressure is not higher than 15 bara, and the first pressure gas product is oxygen.4.The cryogenic air separation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the first product pressure is not higher than 10 bara.5.The cryogenic air separation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid products comprise one or more of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon.6.A cryogenic air separation equipment, characterized by comprising:a main heat exchanger,a rectification column system comprising a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column,a main air compressor for compressing all feed air to a first air pressure to form a first pressure air stream, wherein the first air pressure is at least 6 bara higher than an operating pressure of the high-pressure column,a single expansion turbine for receiving a second part of the first pressure air stream that is partially cooled in the main heat exchanger,a single turbocharger, which is driven by the expansion turbine and configured to compress a first part of the first pressure air stream to a second air pressure to form a second pressure air stream,means for introducing the second pressure air stream into the main heat exchanger for complete cooling therein, then depressurizing it by throttling, and then introducing it into the rectification column system,means for introducing the second part of the first pressure air stream, that is depressurized by expansion, into the rectification column system,a device for boosting a liquid first product stream obtained in the rectification column system to a higher first product pressure,means for exchanging heat between the liquid first product stream at the first product pressure and the second pressure air stream in the main heat exchanger, and removing a first pressure gas product, that is formed after evaporation or pseudo evaporation and heating, from the cryogenic air separation equipment,means for removing a liquid product obtained in the rectification column system from the cryogenic air separation equipment, wherein a liquid yield ratio of the cryogenic air separation equipment is 10%-20%,wherein the cryogenic air separation equipment does not include an air booster driven by externally supplied energy.
Citation Information
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