Multi-well measurement device assembly

Abstract

A measurement device assembly (600) is provided that includes: a partitioning member (606) featuring a plurality of walls; a measurement device (602) featuring a plurality of integrated circuits (102) and electrodes coupled to the plurality of integrated circuits, where at least some of the electrodes are positioned at or adjacent to an upper surface of the measurement device (602); and a sealing member (604) positioned between the partitioning member (606) and the measurement device (602), where the partitioning member, sealing member, and measurement device are aligned in the assembly such that the plurality of walls of the partitioning member (606) and the upper surface of the measurement device (602) define a plurality of wells, and a first set of wells of the plurality of wells are fluidically isolated from a second set of wells of the plurality of wells by the sealing member (604).

Description

[0001]Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 MEASUREMENT DEVICE ASSEMBLIES CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No.63 / 659,828, filed June 13, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD This disclosure relates to electronic device assemblies that measure electrical parameters and responses in biological samples. BACKGROUND Optical methods have been used to image cell proliferation and death for characterizing the efficacy of a variety of different therapeutic substances and methods. More recently, electrical and electrochemical measurements have been used to elucidate cellular responses to stimuli that are not conveniently measured by optical methods, such as cell adhesion. Intracellular and extracellular measurements of membrane potentials and other parameters of networks of electrogenic cells have been made using CMOS-based microelectrode arrays and planar patch-clamp arrays. SUMMARY The present disclosure features measurement device assemblies for detecting electrical signals from biological samples. The measurement device assemblies typically include a printed circuit board that includes a plurality of electrodes and integrated circuits and / or one or more packaged integrated circuits (e.g., chips), a partitioning member that divides the surface of the printed circuit board and / or packaged integrated circuits into multiple regions, which can be wells or other delimited sub-areas of the circuit board and / or packaged integrated circuits, and a sealing member positioned between the circuit board and / or packaged integrated circuits and the partitioning member. The sealing member establishes a seal that is impermeable to fluids such that the wells or other delimited sub- areas of the circuit board and / or packaged integrated circuits can be effectively isolated from one another. At the same time, the sealing member allows the partitioning member to be connected to and later detached from the circuit board and / or packaged integrated circuits so that the circuit board and / or packaged integrated circuits, and optionally the partitioning Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 member, and be re-used in multiple experiments. In this manner, high-throughput, highly parallelized measurements can be performed on multiple biological samples cost effectively, because the hardware components used to perform the measurements can be cleaned and re- used multiple times. In one aspect, the disclosure features measurement device assemblies that include a partitioning member featuring a plurality of walls, a measurement device that includes a substrate and a plurality of electrodes, where at least some of the electrodes are positioned at or adjacent to an upper surface of the measurement device, and a sealing member positioned between the partitioning member and the measurement device, where the partitioning member, sealing member, and measurement device are aligned in the assembly such that the plurality of walls of the sealing member and the upper surface of the measurement device define a plurality of wells, and a first set of wells of the plurality of wells are fluidically isolated from a second set of wells of the plurality of wells by the sealing member. Embodiments of the assemblies can include any one or more of the following features. The substrate can include a printed circuit board. The substrate can include one or more integrated circuit chips. The sealing member can form a reversible seal between the partitioning member and the measurement device. Each well of the plurality of wells can be fluidically isolated from all other wells of the plurality of wells. The first set of wells can include more than one well and the second set of wells can include more than one well. The assemblies can include a plate positioned on an opposite side of the measurement device from the sealing member. The assemblies can include a compression mechanism configured to apply a compressive force to the assembly. The compression mechanism can include a plurality of threaded members that extend through the plate and engage with cooperating apertures formed in the partitioning member. The compression mechanism can include a plurality of members extending from the partitioning member and a plurality of latches coupled to the plate and configured to engage with the plurality of members extending from the partitioning member. The compression mechanism can include at least one fastening member configured to engage with lateral surfaces of the partitioning member and the plate. The at least one fastening member can be a clamp. The at least one fastening member can include a plurality of clamps, where each clamp is configured to engage with lateral surfaces of the partitioning member and the plate on a different side of the assembly. The sealing member can be formed of a compressible material, and when a compressive force is applied to the assembly, the sealing member can deform to fluidically Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 isolate the first set of wells from the second set of wells. The sealing member can include a plurality of apertures, and when the sealing member is aligned with the partitioning member and the measurement device, each aperture of the plurality of apertures can be aligned with a corresponding well formed by the partitioning member and the measurement device. The sealing member can include a plurality of apertures, and when the sealing member is aligned with the partitioning member and the measurement device, at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures can enclose multiple wells of the plurality of wells. The multiple wells of the plurality of wells can include at least 4 wells. The sealing member can include multiple distinct sealing elements. The multiple distinct sealing elements can be dimensioned such that when positioned adjacent one another, the multiple distinct sealing elements form a continuous sheet. The multiple distinct elements can include cooperating engagement features. The sealing member can include a plurality of apertures having a cross-sectional shape that matches a cross-sectional shape of the plurality of wells. The assemblies can include one or more fluidic channels. The one or more fluidic channels can connect multiple apertures of the plurality of apertures. The sealing member can include at least one of the one or more fluidic channels. The partitioning member can include at least one of the one or more fluidic channels. At least one of the one or more fluidic channels can be formed by cooperating portions of the sealing member and partitioning member. A first set of one or more fluidic channels can connect a first set of apertures of the plurality of apertures, a second set of one or more fluidic channels can connect a second set of apertures of the plurality of apertures, and the first and second sets of apertures can be fluidically isolated. The assemblies can include at least one inlet port. The at least one inlet port can extend to an edge of the measurement device assembly. The at least one inlet port can extend to an edge of at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member. The at least one inlet port can terminate at an input aperture formed in at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member. The input aperture may not be aligned with a well of the plurality of wells. The assemblies can include at least one outlet port. The at least one outlet port can extend to an edge of at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member. The at least one outlet port can terminate at an output aperture formed in at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member. The output aperture may not be aligned with a well of the plurality of wells. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 The sealing member can include at least one chemical reagent or substance incorporated into the sealing member. The at least one chemical reagent or substance can be selected from the group consisting of buffering agents, cell growth factors, drug substances, water, enzymes, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies. The at least one chemical reagent or substance can be incorporated into only a portion of the sealing member. The sealing member can be positioned at least partially within a recess formed in the partitioning member. A thickness of the sealing member prior to applying compressive force to the sealing member can be between 0.1 mm and 5 mm. A Shore hardness of the sealing member, measured on the ASTM D2240 Type A scale, can be between 5 and 60. When the assembly is secured, a compression ratio of the sealing member can be between 5% and 95%. The assemblies can include a plurality of thermal pads positioned between the measurement device and the plate and configured to transfer heat energy from the measurement device to the plate. The assemblies can include a potting material positioned between the measurement device and the plate to transfer heat energy from the measurement device to the plate. The assemblies can include a humidity barrier gasket positioned between the measurement device and the plate. The upper surface of the measurement device can be a surface of the printed circuit board. The upper surface of the measurement device can be a surface of one or more of the integrated circuit chips. The compression mechanism can be adjustable to control an amount of compressive force applied to the assembly. The compression mechanism can include a clamp that engages with lateral surfaces of the partitioning member and the plate. A spacing between opposite sides of the clamp can be adjustable. The clamp can include sealing elements that contact the partitioning member and the plate to form an enclosed volume within the clamp, and a port coupled to the enclosed volume. The assemblies can include an imaging assembly configured to attach to the measurement device. The imaging assembly can include an imaging cover and a holder. The holder can be configured so that when the holder contacts the measurement device, a vertical spacing between the imaging cover and a nearest surface of the measurement device, measured in a direction orthogonal to a plane of the imaging cover, is between 50 microns and 2 mm. The imaging cover can transmit optical radiation. The imaging cover can be formed from at least one of a glass material, a plastic material, and a crystalline material. A thickness of the imaging cover can be between 20 microns and 2 mm. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 A cross-sectional shape of each well of the plurality of wells can be circular, the sealing member can include a plurality of apertures, and a cross-sectional shape of each aperture of the plurality of apertures can be circular. A cross-sectional shape of each well of the plurality of wells can include rounded corners, the sealing member can include a plurality of apertures, and a cross-sectional shape of each aperture of the plurality of apertures can include rounded corners. Embodiments of the measurement assemblies can also include any of the other features described herein, and can include any combination of features described herein, including combinations of features that are individually described in connection with different embodiments, unless expressly stated otherwise. In another aspect, the disclosure features methods that include forming a measurement device assembly featuring a plurality of wells by positioning a first sealing member between a partitioning member and a measurement device, applying a compressive force to secure components of the measurement device assembly, disposing one or more biological samples in one or more of the plurality of wells, and measuring at least one electrical property of the one or more biological samples. Embodiments of the methods can include any one or more of the following features. The measurement device can include a substrate and a plurality of electrodes, and at least some of the electrodes can be positioned at or adjacent to an upper surface of the measurement device that faces the one or more biological samples. The partitioning member can include a plurality of walls that define the plurality of wells. At least some wells of the plurality of wells are fluidically isolated from at least some other wells of the plurality of wells. The methods can include disassembling the measurement device assembly to remove the partitioning member and the first sealing member, fixing the one or more biological samples to the measurement device, positioning a second sealing member between an imaging assembly and the measurement device, and obtaining imaging information for the one or more biological samples. The methods can include, prior to obtaining the imaging information, disposing an index matching fluid between the imaging assembly and the one or more biological samples. The measurement device can include a printed circuit board. The measurement device can include one or more integrated circuit chips. The first sealing member can form a reversible seal between the partitioning member and the measurement device. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 The methods can include applying the compressive force by clamping components of the measurement device assembly. The first sealing member can be formed of a compressible material, and applying the compressive force can cause the first sealing member to deform to fluidically isolate at least some wells of the plurality of wells from at least some other wells of the plurality of wells. The first sealing member can include a plurality of apertures, and the methods can include aligning the first sealing member with the partitioning member and the measurement device so that each aperture of the plurality of apertures is aligned with a corresponding well formed by the partitioning member and the measurement device. The first sealing member can include a plurality of apertures, and the methods can include aligning the first sealing member with the partitioning member and the measurement device so that at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures encloses multiple wells of the plurality of wells. The first sealing member can include multiple distinct sealing elements. The multiple distinct sealing elements can be dimensioned such that when positioned adjacent one another, the multiple distinct sealing elements form a continuous sheet. The multiple distinct elements can include cooperating engagement features. The first sealing member can include at least one chemical reagent or substance incorporated into the first sealing member, and the methods can include releasing the at least one chemical reagent or substance into one or more of the plurality of wells. The at least one chemical reagent or substance can be selected from the group consisting of buffering agents, cell growth factors, drug substances, water, enzymes, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies. The at least one chemical reagent or substance can be incorporated into only a portion of the sealing member. The methods can include positioning the first sealing member at least partially within a recess formed in the partitioning member. A thickness of the first sealing member prior to applying the compressive force can be between 0.1 mm and 5 mm. A Shore hardness of the first sealing member, measured on the ASTM D2240 Type A scale, can be between 5 and 60. When the components of the measurement device assembly are secured, a compression ratio of the first sealing member can be between 5% and 95%. The methods can include adjusting an amount of the compressive force applied to the assembly. The imaging assembly can include an imaging cover and a holder. The methods can include contacting the measurement device with the holder, thereby positioning the imaging cover adjacent to the measurement device such that a vertical spacing between the imaging cover and a nearest surface of the measurement device, measured in a direction orthogonal to Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 a plane of the imaging cover, is between 50 microns and 2 mm. The imaging cover can transmit optical radiation. The imaging cover can be formed from at least one of a glass material, a plastic material, and a crystalline material. A thickness of the imaging cover can be between 50 microns and 2 mm. Embodiments of the methods can also include any of the other features described herein, and can include any combination of features described herein, including combinations of features that are individually described in connection with different embodiments, unless expressly stated otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the subject matter herein, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting. The details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG.1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a measurement device. FIG.2 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an example portion of a measurement device. FIG.3 is a schematic view of an example of a partitioning member. FIG.4 is a schematic view of another example of a partitioning member. FIG.5A is a schematic diagram of an example of a well on a measurement device. FIG.5B is a schematic diagram of an example of four wells on a measurement device. FIG.5C is a schematic diagram of an example of 16 wells on a measurement device. FIG.6 is a schematic diagram of an example of a measurement device assembly. FIG.7A is a schematic diagram of an example of a partitioning member. FIG.7B is a schematic diagram of an example of a sealing member that is disposed within a recess formed in a partitioning member. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 FIG.7C is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a measurement device assembly. FIG.8 is a schematic diagram of an example of a measurement device assembly. FIG.9A is a schematic diagram of an example of a measurement device assembly featuring a compression mechanism formed by C-clamps. FIG.9B is a schematic diagram of the measurement device assembly of FIG.9A assembled with the compression mechanism of FIG.9A. FIG.10 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of a portion of an example of a fastener. FIG.11 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an example of an adjustable C- clamp. FIG.12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of wells of a measurement device and gasket apertures that enclose multiple wells. FIG.13 is a schematic diagram showing an example measurement device assembly that includes a plurality of circular wells and a plurality of apertures of a sealing member that have a cooperating circular shape. FIG.14 is a schematic diagram of an example sealing member that includes multiple apertures connected by fluidic channels. FIG.15 is a schematic diagram of an example sealing member that includes fluidic channels and inlet and outlet ports. FIG.16 is a schematic diagram of an example sealing member that includes an inlet port that does not extend to an edge of the sealing member. FIG.17A is a schematic perspective view of an example measurement device with an imaging assembly. FIG.17B is a schematic side view of the measurement device and imaging assembly of FIG.17A. FIG.18A is a schematic top view of an example partitioning member with fluidic channels. FIG.18B is a schematic side view of another example partitioning member with fluidic channels. FIG.19 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an example measurement device assembly with fluidic channels formed by a partitioning member and sealing member. FIG.20 is a schematic diagram of a portion of another example measurement device assembly that includes a ramped edge. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 FIG.21A is a schematic diagram of a portion of another example measurement device assembly that includes magnetic fasteners. FIG.21B is a schematic diagram of an example of a magnetic clamp. Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION High-throughput, high-sensitivity electrical and electrochemical measurements can be performed in a wide variety of applications. For example, by measuring integrated responses of cellular networks to biochemical stimuli, the ability of administered therapeutic agents to affect many different cellular properties – from adhesion to intracellular communication and proliferation or apoptosis – can be determined. Consequently, such measurements find considerable utility in drug screening assays and trials. As another example, such measurements can be used for chemical sensing and screening applications. Certain detection targets can have reproducible and characteristic electrophysiologic signatures, which are detectable using the methods described herein. Consequently, high-sensitivity measurements are useful for diagnostic applications in which particular target species are identified even when present in low concentrations and / or in complex analytical environments. This disclosure features measurement devices which can be used for measurement of individual cellular responses and cellular network responses to a variety of complex electrical stimuli. By controlling attributes of the measurement devices, the systems described herein allow electrical, electrochemical, and optical measurements to be performed on cells, such that many key physiological parameters of cells and cell networks can be elucidated, including parameters that are challenging to interrogate using alternative measurement techniques. Because the measurement devices are complex electronic components, re-use of the devices in multiple experiments is an important aspect of their operations. Accordingly, this disclosure features measurement devices that can be assembled and disassembled to allow for eventual re-use in subsequent experiments, and methods for assembling and disassembling such measurement devices. I. Measurement Devices In general, the measurement devices described herein include a plurality of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips on a Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 common substrate. By using CMOS fabrication techniques to fabricate the ICs, several advantages can be realized. In some embodiments, sub-micrometer CMOS fabrication processes can be used to form integrated circuits that include dense arrays of electrodes. For example, electrode-to-electrode spacings in such arrays can be 25 micrometers or less, which allows for single cell measurements to be performed. That is, electrical and electrochemical properties of single cells can be measured using arrays of the electrodes. By grouping electrodes within wells on a semiconductor substrate (such that single wells contain many electrodes), spatially-resolved measurements can be performed to allow full well population statistical information to be obtained. In certain embodiments, on or within the semiconductor substrate, electronic devices and components that are used for electrical and electrochemical measurements can be co- located with the electrodes of the integrated circuits. As such, each integrated circuit – including its electrodes and other electronic components – can function as an independent measurement system, capable of generating a variety of signals for stimulating cells through the electrodes, and measuring responses of the cells to the stimulation signals. Each integrated circuit can receive control signals (e.g., from a host controller) that cause the integrated circuit to perform these functions. Conventional measurement systems may rely on external electronic devices and circuitry, coupled to electrodes, to measure cellular responses. By integrating components in or on the semiconductor substrate, measurement systems are more compact and less costly, and multiple measurement devices can be operated in parallel, with measurement data transmitted to a common host controller. FIG.1 is a schematic diagram of an example of measurement device 100. Device 100 includes a plurality of integrated circuits 102 fabricated on a substrate 104. Device 100 also includes an external connector 106 to which each of the integrated circuits 102 is connected. Connector 106 allows an external controller to transmit and receive signals from each of the integrated circuits 102. Substrate 104 can be formed of any of a variety of materials. In some embodiments, for example, substrate 104 is printed circuit board formed of one or more plastic materials. In certain embodiments, substrate 104 includes one or more semiconducting materials. Connector 106 can be implemented in various ways. In some embodiments, for example, connector 106 is a finger-style connector with a plurality of exposed electrodes, and is configured to be received by a corresponding connector of a system for receiving measurement device 100. In certain embodiments, connector 106 includes a plurality of electrodes within a housing (not shown in FIG.1), with the housing dimensioned to receive a Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 mating connector of a receiving system. More generally, connector 106 can be implemented in many different configurations that allow for electrical contact between device 100 and a receiving reader system. On or within device 100, a plurality of connection lines (e.g., electrical traces) connect each of integrated circuits 102 to connector 106 (connection lines not shown in FIG. 1 for clarity). A host controller connected to device 100 through connector 106 can transmit electrical signals directly to any one or more of integrated circuits 102 via the connection lines. To facilitate operation of device 100, in some embodiments device 100 can also include a variety of different auxiliary integrated circuits (not shown in FIG.1) that are configured to perform various functional operations involving interactions between device 100 and the host controller. By way of example only, such auxiliary integrated circuits can be configured to perform power conditioning operations, can function as digital memory units, and can function as voltage and / or current reference sources. In some embodiments, some or all of these auxiliary integrated circuits are located on a common side of substrate 104 with integrated circuits 102. In certain embodiments, some or all of these auxiliary integrated circuits are located on a different side of substrate 104 from integrated circuits 102 (i.e., the opposite side of substrate 104) and connected through electrical vias to integrated circuits 102. In general, device 100 includes R rows of integrated circuits 102 and C columns of integrated circuits 102. R can generally be selected as desired based on the number of measurements and number of samples that are targeted for analysis. In some embodiments, for example, R can be 2 or more (e.g., 4 or more, 6 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 150 or more, 200 or more, 500 or more, or even more). Similarly, C can generally be selected as desired based on the number of measurements and number of samples that are targeted for analysis. In certain embodiments, C can be 2 or more (e.g., 4 or more, 6 or more, 10 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, 50 or more, 100 or more, 150 or more, 200 or more, 500 or more, or even more). In some embodiments, the number of rows R and columns C of integrated circuits 102 is selected to correspond to a standard well plate configuration. For example, in FIG.1, device 100 can include 8 rows and 12 columns of integrated circuits 102, providing a total of 96 integrated circuits on substrate 104. The 8×12 geometry, with 96 total integrated circuits, matches a standard 96-well plate as is commonly used in the field of molecular biology. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 In FIG.1, integrated circuits 102 are positioned on substrate 104 in a regular array, with a common spacing between adjacent integrated circuits 102 along both rows and columns. In certain embodiments, integrated circuits 102 can be positioned in a regular array such that the spacing between adjacent integrated circuits along each row is the same, and the spacing between adjacent integrated circuits along each column is the same but different from the circuit-to-circuit spacing along each row. In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent integrated circuits along each row is different in some rows. In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent integrated circuits along each column is different in some columns. While integrated circuits 102 in FIG.1 are shown arranged in a regular square or rectangular array, more generally, other regular arrangements of integrated circuits 102 on substrate 104 can also be used. In certain embodiments, for example, integrated circuits 102 can be arranged along radial lines extending from a common center point, in a hexagonal array, in a pentagonal array, or more generally, in any regular arrangement on substrate 104. In some embodiments, integrated circuits 102 can be positioned on substrate 104 in a non-regular and / or non-repeating arrangement. Methods for delivering electrical signals to cells and measuring cellular responses described herein generally do not require that such signals be delivered and responses measured from a regular arrangement of integrated circuits. As such, measurement devices can include non-regular arrangements of integrated circuits 102 on substrate 104, as well as any combination of one or more regular arrangements of integrated circuits 102 and one or more non-regular arrangements of integrated circuits 102. In any of the foregoing arrangements of integrated circuits 102, a spacing between adjacent integrated circuits (e.g., along a row, along a column, or in another direction) can be selected as desired to control the density of measurement sites on substrate 104. For example, the spacing between adjacent circuits can be 3 mm or more (e.g., 4 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 7 mm or more, 8 mm or more, 9 mm or more, 10 mm or more, 12 mm or more, 15 mm or more, 20 mm or more, 25 mm or more, or even more). As an example, in some embodiments, device 100 includes an 8×12 array of integrated circuits 102 on substrate 104, with each integrated circuit spaced from adjacent integrated circuits along both rows and columns by 9 mm. With this spacing, the integrated circuits 102 of device 100 are located at positions on substrate 104 that match the positions of the wells on a standard 96-well plate as conventionally used in molecular biology. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 Device 100 can be used to measure electrically induced responses under a variety of different conditions from one or more biological samples. In some embodiments, investigations are conducted in parallel on multiple biological samples. For example, each of the integrated circuits 102 shown in FIG.1 can be configured to measure electrical and electrochemical responses from one or more different biological samples. Each such sample can include one or more cells. Additional aspects and features of device 100 and the components thereof are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application No.18 / 668,097, published as U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2024 / 0385168, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. To undertake measurements in parallel, integrated circuits 102 of device 100 can be positioned in individual regions of device 100. The individual regions can be implemented in the form of wells or recesses in which integrated circuits 102 are positioned, or more generally, using any other partitioning scheme that sub-divides the surface of device 100 into partitioned sub-areas, each of which contains one or more components of one or more integrated circuits 102. Typically, each partitioned sub-area includes a wall that forms a barrier enclosing the one or more components of the one or more integrated circuits, preventing cross- contamination with other sub-areas. For example, individual biological samples, along with optional chemical reagents, solvents, and other substances can be introduced into each partitioned sub-area; the walls of each partitioned sub-area prevent portions of the sample, reagents, solvents, and other substances from migrating to other partitioned sub-areas. In this disclosure, for convenience, partitioned sub-areas will be referred to as “wells” for illustrative purposes. However, it should be understood that the descriptions of features associated with the measurement devices and assemblies are applicable generally to any type of partitioning of the surface of a measurement device. That is to say, the term “wells” as used in the subsequent discussion encompasses all types of partitioned sub-areas of a measurement device, and is not limited to recesses or sub-surface features. In some embodiments, the integrated circuits 102 of measurement device 100 are fabricated in recesses formed in substrate 104. FIG.2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional view of an example of a substrate 104 that includes recesses 108. Integrated circuits 102 (or portions thereof) have been fabricated in each of the recesses. The recesses 108 individually form portions of wells in which integrated circuits 102 are positioned. In FIG.2, the depth of each recess 108 is limited by the thickness of substrate 104, and the Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 arrangement and number of wells is fixed by the positions of recesses 108 formed in substrate 104. As an alternative to fabricating integrated circuits 102 (or portions thereof) in recesses, in some embodiments the integrated circuits 102 are fabricated on substrate 104, after which wells are formed around the integrated circuits 102 by enclosing integrated circuits 102 with walls using a partitioning member that contacts measurement device 100. It should be understood that a partitioning member can be used with measurement devices where the integrated circuits are positioned in recesses as shown in FIG.2, and also with measurement devices where the integrated circuits are not positioned in recesses on substrate 104. Embodiments in which the integrated circuits are not positioned in recesses on substrate 104 can have certain advantages in some circumstances. In particular, as will be discussed subsequently, partitioning members can be used to sub-divide integrated circuits 102 to further increase the number of addressable wells of a measurement device assembly. II. Partitioning Members To form wells using a partitioning member, the partitioning member can be overlaid atop substrate 104. FIG.3 is a schematic diagram showing a partitioning member 302 that can be overlaid on top of a substrate 104 on which a plurality of integrated circuits 102 have been fabricated. Partitioning member 302 includes a plurality of apertures 304 that extend through the enclosure. Apertures 304 are positioned within partitioning member 302 such that they are aligned with the integrated circuits 102 formed on substrate 104. Accordingly, when partitioning member 302 is fixed to substrate 104, the walls of each of the apertures 304 enclose one of the integrated circuits 102, forming a well with integrated circuit 102 positioned at the bottom of the well. A biological sample can be introduced into each well formed in this manner, along with chemical reagents, solvents, and other compounds for performing a variety of electrical and electrochemical measurements. In general, partitioning member 302 can be formed from a variety of materials. For example, in some embodiments, partitioning member 302 is formed from one or more biocompatible polymers such as, but not limited to, polystyrenes, polycarbonates, and polyethylene terephthalates. In certain embodiments, partitioning member 302 is formed from one or more other plastics, silicones, and / or polymers. In FIG.3, a 1:1 relationship exists between the number of wells formed and the number of integrated circuits 102, with one integrated circuit positioned within each well. However, it is not a requirement that individual wells have an entire dedicated integrated Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 circuit. To the contrary, in some embodiments, a single integrated circuit can be used to make measurements in multiple wells by forming wells in such a manner that they effectively sub-divide portions of the integrated circuits 102 of measurement device 100. Because each integrated circuit 102 includes a large number of electrodes, groups of electrodes can be allocated to measurements in different wells. In general, single integrated circuits 102 can be used to make measurements in one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, eight or more, 12 or more, 16 or more, 32 or more, 64 or more, or even more) wells by partitioning the active area of the integrated circuit (that is, the spatial distribution of electrodes of the integrated circuit at the surface of substrate 104) using the walls of a partitioning member, such that different groups of electrodes of an integrated circuit 102 are positioned within different wells. In effect, the electrodes of any integrated circuit 102 can be partitioned any number of ways and dedicated to measurements in different wells. FIG.4 shows a schematic diagram of an example of a partitioning member 306 in which each of the wells of partitioning member 302 in FIG.3 has been further partitioned into 4 wells 308 of equal size. The alignment of the wells in partitioning member 306 is the same as in partitioning member 302, so that when partitioning member 306 is positioned relative to substrate 104 as described above, the active area of each integrated circuit 102 is partitioned into 4 equal regions. Thus, each integrated circuit 102 is used to perform measurements in 4 different wells. As an example, for a measurement device that includes an 8×12 array of integrated circuits 102, partitioning member 302 forms 96 distinct wells with one integrated circuit dedicated to each well, while partitioning member 306 forms 384 wells with one integrated circuit dedicated to a group of 4 wells. In some embodiments, the principle shown in FIG.4 is extended to a partitioning member which divides each of the wells of partitioning member 302 into 16 distinct wells, with one integrated circuit dedicated to each group of 16 wells, such that the surface of the measurement device is partitioned into a total of 1536 individual wells. In the foregoing examples, the walls of a partitioning member are used to sub-divide the active area of integrated circuits into equal regions, each with the same number of electrodes. It should be understood however that the active area of individual integrated circuits can be partitioned equally or unequally, with the same number or different numbers of electrodes of an integrated circuit dedicated (i.e., positioned within) different wells. Further, while the wells shown in FIGS.3 and 4 have a generally square cross-sectional shape, more generally the wells described herein can have any cross-sectional shape, and a Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 wells of more than one shape can be formed on a measurement device using a partitioning member. Additional well cross-sectional shapes that can be implemented by the partitioning members described herein include, but are not limited to, rectangular, circular, elliptical, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, and more generally, any regular or irregular cross-sectional shape. The number of electrodes of an integrated circuit positioned within each well of a measurement device depends on the density of the electrodes, the lateral width of the walls of the well, and the number of wells formed on the measurement device, among other factors. In general, the number of electrodes of an integrated circuit positioned within each well can be 1 or more (e.g., 10 or more, 100 or more, 1000 or more, 5000 or more, 10,000 or more, 50,000 or more, 100,000 or more, 200,000 or more, 500,000 or more, 1×106or more, or even more). To understand how electrodes of an integrated circuit are dedicated to individual wells, it is instructive to review an example. Consider for example an integrated circuit that includes 384×384 electrodes arranged in a square array, with an electrode pitch of 12.5 microns. For a measurement device in which the entire active area (e.g., the entire electrode array) of the integrated circuit is positioned within a single well (e.g., as occurs with partitioning member 302 of FIG.3), a total of 147,456 electrodes are dedicated to measurements within the well. If the array of electrodes extends for a distance of 4.8 mm along each dimension of the array, then the active area of the well is 4.8 mm × 4.8 mm. FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing a well 304 with these dimensions. However, for a measurement device in which the active area of an integrated circuit is sub-divided into 4 wells (e.g., as occurs with partitioning member 306 of FIG.4), then the active area of each well is reduced. FIG.5B is a schematic diagram showing an example of the active area of an integrated circuit that is sub-divided among four wells 308. The internal walls of the wells overlie portions of the integrated circuit, and even if no electrodes are obscured, the active area of each well is reduced. When the active area of the above integrated circuit is sub-divided into 4 regions (with each region dedicated to a different well), the active area of each well may be approximately 2.2 mm × 2.2 mm, with a total of 36,864 electrodes dedicated to each well, assuming that the walls of the wells have a thickness of 400 microns. Similarly, FIG.5C shows a schematic diagram of the active area of an integrated circuit that is sub-divided among 16 wells by a partitioning member. Under these circumstances, the active area of each well is 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm, with a total of 9,216 electrodes positioned within each well. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 Additional features of the partitioning members featured in this disclosure are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2024 / 0385168, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference as noted above. III. Measurement Device Assemblies Prior to performing measurements on biological samples, the measurement devices and partitioning members described above are packaged together to form a measurement device assembly. In such an assembly, the partitioning member is positioned relative to the measurement device such that apertures of the partitioning member are aligned with the integrated circuits of the measurement device. To isolate individual wells of the measurement device assembly that is formed when a partitioning member is packaged together with a measurement device, it can be desirable to form a liquid- and / or gas-impermeable seal between the partitioning member and the measurement device. Such a seal prevents leakage through the bottom of the wells, i.e., between the partitioning member and the measurement device. A seal can be formed by directly bonding the partitioning member to the measurement device using a bio-compatible rigid epoxy or flexible silicone material. Other methods for bonding circuit boards to well-defining structures such as a partitioning member to form a seal include the use of bio-compatible double-sided adhesives. Rigid epoxy materials typically create a strong chemical bond between a partitioning member and a measurement device. However, because the epoxy materials are rigid, relative deformation between the measurement device and the partitioning member – which can occur through mechanical handling and / or differential rates of thermal expansion when heating, for example – can lead to formation of cracks in the rigid epoxy. If the cracks are sufficiently large, fluid leaks between adjacent wells may occur. Even if the cracks are not sufficiently large for leakage to occur, they may allow bacteria or other microorganisms to grow, and sterilization of the resulting assembly may be difficult. Further, adhesive-based seals permanently or semi-permanently affix the partitioning member to the measurement device. In some circumstances, using a combination of mechanical force and chemical reagents, it may be possible to break an adhesive-based seal between a partitioning member and a measurement device. Even after doing so, residual amounts of the adhesive are typically left behind on the surface of the measurement device. Cleaning the measurement device to remove the residual adhesive typically involves the use of strong chemical reagents, and may not even be possible. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 Adhesive-based seals – if implemented as templated adhesive layers that are applied to the measurement device and / or partitioning member – can also be difficult to manufacture and align. As such, bonding a partitioning member to a measurement device using an adhesive-based seal can be a complex process prone to undesirably high failure rates. The measurement devices described herein are complex electronic components that are costly to manufacture. As such, it is desirable that the measurement devices can be re- used, thereby lowering the cost of performing multiple experiments. For the reasons discussed above, however, re-using measurement devices that are bonded to partitioning members using conventional adhesives / epoxies is challenging. Separation of the partitioning members from the measurement devices and / or sterilizing these components prior to re-use can be difficult and time consuming, and can lead to damage to the components which prevents re-use. Accordingly, the present disclosure features measurement device assemblies in which a reversible seal is implemented between a partitioning member and a measurement device. The reversible seal allows the partitioning member and measurement device to be disassembled following an experiment without damage to either component, sterilized, and easily re-assembled for a subsequent experiment. As used herein, a “reversible” seal is a seal formed between components that does not allow for the passage of fluid through the seal and which allows the components to be readily separated without leaving behind appreciable sealing material adhered to any of the components. It should be noted that although the assembly methods and sealing members are described below in the context of the measurement devices and partitioning members discussed above, more generally the methods and sealing members can be used in a wide variety of package methods and assemblies of components. The discussion that follows is merely by way of illustration, and is not limited to the specific applications set forth in the examples. An embodiment of a measurement device assembly 600 is shown in FIG.6. The measurement device assembly includes a measurement device 602, a partitioning member 606, a sealing member 604 positioned between measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606, and a housing 608. When the components of measurement device assembly 600 are packaged together, sealing member 604 forms a fluid-impermeable seal between measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 Measurement device 602 generally corresponds to any of the measurement devices described above, and similarly, partitioning member 606 generally corresponds to any of the partitioning members described above. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 is implemented the form of a compressible gasket that is positioned between measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606. As shown in FIG.6, sealing member 604 includes a plurality of apertures 620. Apertures 620 typically correspond to the wells defined by partitioning member 602 such that when sealing member 604 and partitioning member 602 are aligned, each aperture 620 of sealing member 604 is aligned with a well defined by the walls of partitioning member 602. Sealing member 604 can be formed from a variety of different materials. In some embodiments, for example, sealing member 604 is formed from silicone or a silicone- containing material. In certain embodiments, sealing member 604 is formed from one or more thermoplastic materials, such as thermoplastic elastomer materials and / or thermoplastic polyurethanes. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 is formed from one or more rubber-based materials, such as (but not limited to) brominated isobutylene isoprene rubber (BIIR). More generally, sealing member 604 can be formed from any material that is bio- compatible and compressible to form a seal. As used herein, a “bio-compatible” material is a material that, when placed in contact with a living cell (or a solution containing a living cell), does not cause cell death by participating in a chemical or bio-chemical reaction that impairs the functioning of a cell process or interferes with the supply of, or removal of, one or more substances from the cell. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG.6, sealing member 604 is implemented as a separate component that is positioned between measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606 when these components are assembled in measurement device assembly 600. In such embodiments, sealing member 604 can be fabricated by cutting, punching, or otherwise sectioning the sealing member shape from a sheet of suitable material. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, sealing member 604 can be formed on partitioning member 606. For example, sealing member 604 can be formed by injection molding (e.g., two-step over-molding) or compression molding on the underside of partitioning member 606 (e.g., the side of partitioning member 606 that faces measurement device 602 in the measurement device assembly 600). As another alternative, in some embodiments, sealing member 604 can be formed by 3D printing on partitioning member 606. As described above, sealing member 604 can for Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 example be printed on the underside of partitioning member 606 prior to packaging of the partition member 606 in measurement device assembly 600. FIG.7A is a schematic diagram showing the underside of partitioning member 606. As shown in FIG.7A, the underside of partitioning member 606 includes walls 622 that define wells, and a plurality of recessed regions 624 between walls 622. FIG.7B is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment in which sealing member 604 is formed on an underside of partitioning member 606. Portions 623 of the sealing member 604 surround each of the openings defined by the walls 622 such that when sealing member 604 contacts measurement device 602, the wells formed by walls 622 are effectively isolated from one another by sealing member 604. FIG.7C is a cross-sectional diagram showing a portion of a measurement device assembly in which the partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 shown in FIG.7B are packaged with a measurement device 602. As illustrated in FIG.7C, portions of sealing member 604 are positioned between partitioning member 606 and measurement device 602 and surround openings defined by the walls 622 of partitioning member 606, thereby forming discrete wells in the assembly. The bottom surfaces of the wells are formed by the exposed surface of measurement device 602. The thickness of sealing member 604 is measured in a direction orthogonal to the plane of the surface of measurement device 602 in measurement device assembly 600. For a planar sealing member 604, this direction is also orthogonal to the plane of the sealing member. In general, the thickness of sealing member 604 can be selected as desired, and can in some embodiments be dependent on the amount of force applied to the measurement device assembly during packaging and the material(s) from which sealing member 604 is formed. In certain embodiments, for example, prior to applying any force to sealing member 604, the thickness of sealing member 604 is at least 50 microns (e.g., at least 100 microns, at least 150 microns, at least 200 microns, at least 250 microns, at least 300 microns, at least 500 microns, at least 1 mm). In some embodiments, prior to applying any force to sealing member 604, the thickness of sealing member 604 is less than 7 mm (e.g., less than 6 mm, less than 5 mm, less than 4 mm, less than 3 mm, less than 2 mm, less than 1 mm). In certain embodiments, prior to applying any force to sealing member 604, the thickness of sealing member 604 is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm (e.g., between 0.3 mm and 5 mm, between 0.3 mm and 4 mm, between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, between 0.5 mm and 2 mm) or within a range defined by any of the thicknesses above. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 The hardness of sealing member 604 can generally be selected as desired by choosing the material(s) from which sealing member 604 is formed. Typically, harder materials are less susceptible to deformation under applied force. As such, the effectiveness of the seal formed around each well in a measurement device assembly can be a function of both the hardness of sealing member 604 and the compressive force applied to the sealing member during packaging of the components of the measurement device assembly. In some embodiments, the Shore hardness of sealing member 604 (measured on the ASTM D2240 Type A scale) is at least 4 (e.g., at least 5, at least 7, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25) and / or less than 90 (e.g., less than 80, less than 70, less than 60, less than 50, less than 45, less than 40, less than 35, less than 30). In certain embodiments, the Shore hardness of sealing member 604 (measured on the ASTM D2240 Type A scale) is between 10 and 80 (e.g., between 10 and 70, between 10 and 60) or within a range defined by any hardness values above. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 can be coated with one or more materials. Coating materials can be applied to sealing member 604 for different functional purposes. For example, in certain embodiments, sealing member 604 can be coated with one or more materials to enhance its biocompatibility. Materials suitable for application as coatings to enhance biocompatibility include, but are not limited to, parylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyether ether ketone. In certain embodiments, coating materials are applied to sealing member 604 to control the hydrophilic properties of the sealing member. For example, one or more coating materials can be applied to make sealing member 604 more hydrophobic, thereby facilitating confinement of fluids to the interior regions of wells defined by partitioning member 606. Suitable coating materials for this purpose include, but are not limited to, fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers, including perfluorinated hydrocarbon polymers. In some embodiments, one or more coating materials can be applied to make sealing member 604 more hydrophilic, thereby facilitating adhesion of sealing member 604 to partitioning member 606 and / or measurement device 602. Any one or more of a variety of well-known coating materials can be used for this purpose including, but not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyurethanes, polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polysaccharides, and hydrogels. Referring again to FIG.6, in some embodiments, when measurement device 602, partitioning member 606, and sealing member 604 are assembled to form the measurement Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 device assembly, a compressive force is applied to compress the sealing member between the measurement device and the partitioning member. By applying the compressive force, sealing member 604 undergoes deformation and seals openings between measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606, thereby ensuring that the wells defined by the walls of partitioning member and the surface of measurement device 602 are fluid-tight, i.e., liquids and / or gases do not leak from one well to another, causing cross-contamination. The compression ratio following application of the compressive force, which is defined as the percent reduction in thickness of the compressed sealing member 604 in the assembly relative to the thickness of the uncompressed sealing member 604, can generally be selected as desired through selection of the material from which the sealing member is formed and the amount of compressive force applied. In some embodiments, for example, the compression ratio is 3% or more (e.g., 5% or more, 7% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, or even more). In certain embodiments, the compression ratio is 95% or less (e.g., 90% or less, 85% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, 70% or less, 65% or less, 60% or less, or even less). In some embodiments, the compression ratio is between 3% and 95% (e.g., between 5% and 90%, between 10% and 80%, between 15% and 75%, or in a range between any two of the compression ratio values described herein). A variety of different mechanisms can be used to apply compressive force to the components of measurement device assembly 600, and in particular, to sealing member 604. As explained above, an important advantage arising from the use of sealing member 604 is that partitioning member 606 and measurement device 602 can be dis-assembled after an experiment is complete, cleaned and sterilized, and re-assembled for another experiment. Consequently, mechanisms that can reversibly apply and relax compressive force to measurement device assembly 600 are advantageous. Further, mechanisms that can adjust the amount of applied compressive force also have certain advantages. For example, to achieve a desired compression ratio with sealing members formed from different materials, different amounts of applied compressive force may be necessary. An adjustable mechanism can provide the necessary flexibility to allow for the application of different amounts of compressive force. As another example, in some embodiments it may be advantageous to apply a compressive force that is spatially non- uniform over the surface of the measurement device assembly. Certain adjustable mechanisms can be used to apply compressive forces in this manner. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 FIG.8 is a schematic diagram of a measurement device assembly 600 that includes one example of a compressive mechanism. The compressive mechanism in FIG.8 includes a plurality of holes 704 formed in housing 608 and a plurality of matching holes formed in partitioning member 606 (holes in partitioning member 606 not shown in FIG.8). The compressive mechanism in FIG.8 also includes screws 702 or other fasteners. When the components of assembly 600 in FIG.8 are aligned and pressed together, screws / fasteners 702 are inserted through holes 704 from the bottom of housing 608, and extend into and engage with cooperating threads (or another grasping mechanism) formed in the matching holes in partitioning member 606. By tightening each of the screws / fasteners 702, the components of the assembly are drawn together, applying a compressive force to sealing member 604. Each screw / fastener 702 can be independently adjusted in FIG.8. As such, the screws / fasteners can be adjusted such that the compressive force applied to sealing member 604 is uniform across the surface of assembly 600, or non-uniform across the assembly surface. In FIG.8, eight screws / fasteners 702 are used in compressive mechanism. However, this is merely an example, and more generally, the compressive mechanism can use any number of screws / fasteners (e.g., 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 6 or more, 8 or more, 10 or more, 12 or more, 16 or more, 20 or more, 30 or more, or even more). The screws / fasteners 702 and their corresponding holes 704 are distributed along the edges of housing 608 in the example shown in FIG.8. More generally, however, the screws / fasteners 702 and corresponding holes 704 can be distributed in any pattern across assembly 600. For screws / fasteners 702 and holes 704 that are not located on or near the edge of housing 608, the design of measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606 may be modified to allow for screws / fasteners 702 that penetrate through non-peripheral regions of the measurement device and partitioning member, respectively. Also shown in FIG.8 is an example of housing 608. Housing 608 includes thermal pads 610 for heat dissipation from measurement device 602, a humidity barrier gasket 612 to prevent water vapor from contacting the underside of measurement device 602, and a plate 614 to provide structural support. It should be understood that thermal pads 610 and humidity barrier gasket 612 are optional components of housing 608, and while present in some embodiments, may not be present in other embodiments of assembly 600. Plate 614 is typically formed of a relatively rigid material that resists deformation, particularly when a compressive force is applied to components of assembly 600. For Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 example, in some embodiments, plate 614 is formed of one or more metals such as, but not limited to, aluminum and aluminum alloys, and copper. Thermal pads 610 provide a pathway for heat generated by measurement device 602 to be transported to plate 614. During use, if plate 614 of assembly 600 is positioned in contact with a heat sink, heat that is transported to plate 614 by thermal pads 610 can be removed from assembly 600, facilitating maintaining assembly 600 within a desired temperature range. Thermal pads 610 are typically formed from one or more materials that have relatively high thermal conductivity but are non-electrically conducting. For example, thermal pads 610 can be formed from silicone rubber that contains one or more additional materials such as ceramic and / or glass to enhance the thermal conductivity of the silicone rubber. Compressible materials such as silicone rubber are particularly useful as they provide good mechanical contact between the bottom surface of measurement device 602 and plate 614, excluding pockets of trapped air which would otherwise function as thermally insulating air bubbles. In this fashion, excess heat can be efficiently conducted from measurement device 602 to plate 614. In some embodiments, measurement device assembly 600 does not include thermal pads 610. Instead, a thermal connection between measurement device 602 and plate 614 is provided by a potting material (such as an epoxy) that is thermally conductive but electrically insulating. The epoxy material forms a permanent bond between measurement device 602 and plate 614. As such, when the components of assembly 600 are disassembled and then later reassembled, measurement device 602 and plate 614 do not have to be re-aligned, making the re-assembly process more convenient and straightforward. In addition, the use of a potting material between measurement device 602 and plate 614 can, in some circumstances, provide a better thermal connection between these components than can sometimes be achieved with thermal pads. The potting material prior to curing is deformable and can be applied such that it effectively fills the entire space between measurement device 602 and plate 614, fully contacting the underside of measurement device 602 and excluding air bubbles that would otherwise function as thermal insulators to impede heat transfer between measurement device 602 and plate 614. Humidity barrier gasket 612 is used to exclude water vapor from the underside of measurement device 602. In general, the gasket is formed from one or more liquid- and vapor-impermeable materials, and in particular, materials that are hydrophobic. Examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, silicone (including chemically substituted silicones), fluropolymers, and rubber. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 Because humidity barrier gasket 612 is an optional component of assembly 600, in some embodiments assembly 600 does not include gasket 612. In some embodiments, as an alternative to gasket 612, an underside of measurement device 602 can optionally be coated with a hydrophobic material which functions as a humidity barrier. Suitable coating materials include, but are not limited to, rubber materials, silicone-based materials, and fluorinated hydrocarbon polymer materials. In certain embodiments, as discussed above, measurement device 602 and plate 614 are potted together using a potting material disposed between them (e.g., in place of thermal pads 610). The potting material can also function as a humidity barrier, as many suitable potting materials (e.g., epoxy) are relatively hydrophobic. Consequently, the potting material used in such assemblies 600 also functions as a humidity barrier. In the example shown in FIG.8, the compression mechanism includes screws / fasteners 702 that are inserted into holes 704, and which engage with cooperating features such as threads in partitioning member 606. In addition to, or as an alternative to, screws, fasteners 702 can be implemented as latches that extend to engage with cooperating notches, tabs, or other features on partitioning member 606 to fix plate 614 in position relative to partitioning member 606, thereby securing measurement device assembly 600. Other methods can also be used to secure the components of measurement device assembly. In some embodiments, for example, fasteners can cooperatively engage with lateral features of plate 614 and / or partitioning member 606. FIG.9A shows an embodiment of a measurement device assembly 600 in exploded view. As shown in FIG.9A, a pair of fasteners 704, implemented as C-clamps, engage with the sides of partitioning member 606 and plate 614. More particularly, the fasteners slidably engage and disengage with the sides of these components to alternately secure and release the components of measurement device assembly 600. FIG.9B is a schematic diagram showing the assembly of FIG.9A with fasteners 704 fully engaged. The C-clamps shown in FIGS.9A and 9B have a number of advantages relative to other types of fasteners. Because the C-clamps engage along the entire lateral surfaces of partitioning member 606 and plate 614, the clamps can apply force along the entire edge of assembly 600, ensure that the applied force is relatively homogeneous, and also that the applied force can be larger than when other mechanisms that attach only at specific points are used. In addition, the C-clamps can function as lateral walls for measurement device 602 and / or partitioning member 606, facilitating consistent assembly of these components and reducing misalignment during assembly. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 While two fasteners 704 are shown in FIGS.9A and 9B, more generally more or fewer such fasteners can be used. For example, in some embodiments, a single side-mounted C-clamp or other fastener 704 can be used. Optionally, a single side-mounted fastener can be used with other types of fasteners such as (but not limited to) those described above to facilitate both easy assembly of the components of measurement device assembly 600 and adjustable compression of sealing member 604. In certain embodiments, multiple fasteners 704 such as the C-clamps shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B can be used. For example, 2 or more (e.g., 3 or more, 4 or more, or even more) such fasteners can be used. The fasteners used may extend, singly or in combination, over one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more) sides of measurement device assembly 600. The fasteners used in FIGS.9A and 9B can individually extend over the entire side length of measurement device assembly 600 as shown. Alternatively, in some embodiments, one or more of fasteners 704 may extend over only a portion of a side of measurement device assembly 600. For example, one or more fasteners 704 may each individually extend over 30% or more (e.g., 40% or more, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, or even more) of a side of measurement device 600. In certain embodiments, where a fastener 704 does not extend over an entire side of measurement device assembly 600, two or more fasteners 704 may be used to secure the side of the assembly. For example, two (or three, or four, or even more) fasteners can slidably engage with plate 614 and / or partitioning member 606 on one or more sides of assembly 600 to fix the components of assembly 600 in position along the one or more sides, and apply force to the assembly to compress sealing member 604. The C-clamps shown in FIGS.9A and 9B are not adjustable. To control the amount of compressive force applied to the components of measurement device assembly 600 (including sealing member 604), adjustable C-clamps (or more generally, adjustable fasteners 704) can be used. A wide variety of different adjustment mechanisms can be used in adjustable fasteners. FIG.10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a fastener 710 that can be adjusted to control the amount of compressive force applied to measurement device assembly 600 when the fastener engages with plate 614 and / or partitioning member 606 of the assembly. Fastener 710 is implemented as an adjustable edge clamp, with two members 712a and 712b each functioning as half of the clamping member of the edge clamp shown in FIGS.9A and 9B. Internal compressive mechanisms 714 such as springs draw members Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 712a and 712b together. A threaded rod 716 or another adjustable mechanism is positioned between members 712a and 712b and the position of a thumbwheel 718 is adjustable along the threaded rod 716. When the thumbwheel is rotated in a direction such that it travels upward along threaded rod 716 in the figure, actuator 720 applies upward force to member 712a, increasing the spacing between members 712a and 712b. As the spacing between the members increases, fastener 710 – when it engages with measurement device assembly 600 – applies a smaller compressive force to the assembly. Conversely, when the thumbwheel is rotated such that is travels downward along threaded rod 716 in the figure, the force applied by actuator 720 to member 712a is relaxed and compressive mechanisms 714 draw members 712a and 712b closer together. As a result, when fastener 710 applies a larger compressive force to the components of measurement device assembly 600. In the embodiment described above, mechanisms 714 are compressive and function to draw members 712a and 712b together, while thumbwheel 718 and threaded rod 716 apply an opposing force to members 712a and 712b to control the spacing between the members. In some embodiments, mechanisms 714 (which can similarly be implemented as springs, for example) apply an outward force to members 712a and 712b which tends to force the members apart, while thumbwheel 718 and threaded rod 716 on which thumbwheel 718 rotates oppose the outward force. Adjustment of thumbwheel 718 downward in FIG.10 draws members 712a and 712b closer together, reducing the spacing between them, while adjustment of thumbwheel 718 upward in FIG.10 lessens the oppositional force to mechanisms 714, thereby increasing the space between members 712a and 712b. It should be understood that the embodiment shown in FIG.10 is merely illustrative, and a wide variety of adjustable edge clamps, and other adjustable fasteners that engage with plate 614 and / or partitioning member 606, can be used as part of measurement device assembly 600. In some embodiments, reduced pressure can be used with one or more adjustable fasteners to secure the components of measurement device assembly 600 and adjust the compressive force applied to sealing member 604. FIG.11 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of an embodiment of a measurement device assembly 600 in which fasteners 730a and 730b are used to secure the assembly’s components. Each of fasteners 730a and 730b is implemented as a type of C-clamp that includes an internal adjustable member 734 that can be adjusted to regulate the vertical spacing between the upper and lower members. In particular, each of the fasteners includes a sealing member 736 that contacts an upper surface of partitioning member 606 and a sealing member 736 that contacts a lower surface of plate Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 614. Adjustable member 734 (e.g., one or more springs and / or spring-thumbwheel combinations, as described above) can be used to control the vertical spacing between the upper and lower members such that sealing members 736 establishes an air-tight seal against the surfaces of partitioning member 606 and plate 614. As such, the internal volume 738 in each fastener is enclosed and accessible only via port 732 in each fastener. To exert additional control over the amount of compressive force exerted by fasteners 730a and 730b, each fastener can be connected to a reduced pressure source and / or a source of pressurized gas through port 732. When a fastener is connected to a reduced pressure source (not shown in FIG.11), the reduced pressure source can reduce the gas pressure within volume 738 to a value that is less than atmospheric pressure. As a result, additional compressive force is applied to the measurement device assembly 600 sandwiched by the fastener. When the fastener is connected to a source of pressurized gas through port 732, the gas source can deliver gas into volume 738, increasing the pressure in the volume to a value larger than atmospheric pressure. As a result, the compressive force applied to the measurement device assembly 600 by the fastener is reduced. The implementation shown in FIG.11 is only one example of many different embodiments in which gas pressure can be used to adjust the amount of compressive force applied to measurement device assembly 600 (and therefore, to sealing member 604 within the assembly). It should be understood that other embodiments are also within the scope of this disclosure, and the example in FIG.11 is merely provided by way of illustration. For example, referring again to FIGS.9A and 9B, in some embodiments the lateral edges of one or more of partitioning member 606 and plate 614 with which fastener 704 engage vary in thickness along the edge. As such, the combination of edges with which fastener 704 engages varies in thickness, forming a “ramp”. As fastener 704 slides along the ramp and engages with the edges of member 606 and plate 614, the compressive force applied by fastener 704 increases with the increasing thickness of the portion of the ramp that is engaged by fastener 704. In some embodiments, such a ramp is formed along only one side of assembly 600, while the thickness of the edges of member 606 and plate 614 is constant along the other side of assembly 600. In certain embodiments, ramped edges are positioned on both sides of assembly 600 such that both fasteners 704 shown in FIGS.9A and 9B engage with ramped edges. FIG.20 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a measurement assembly in which partitioning member 606 has a lateral edge that forms a ramp. Specifically, the lateral edge 605 of partitioning member 606 varies in thickness from tato tbalong the direction of Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 arrow 607. As a result, when edge 605 is adjacent to the edge of plate 614 (which has a constant thickness along arrow 607), the combined edges form a ramp that increases in thickness along the direction of arrow 607. A clamp or other member sliding along the combined edge in the direction of arrow 607 and engaging with the combined edge via an interference fit will apply increasing compressive force to the assembly the further it slides along the arrow direction. In FIG.20, edge 605 of partitioning member 606 has a non-constant thickness, implementing the ramp. More generally, however, any one or more of the components that have edges that are secured can implement the ramp. For example, the lateral edge of plate 614 can have a non-constant width. In some embodiments, edges of two or more components (e.g., the edges of both partitioning member 606 and plate 614) can vary in thickness to form the ramp when the edges are aligned and positioned adjacent one another. In certain embodiments, the fasteners used in assembly 600 are magnetic. For example, magnets can be embedded in one or both of partitioning member 606 and plate 614. Cooperating magnets or metal pads can be embedded opposite the magnets in partitioning member 606 and plate 614 such that when partitioning member 606 and plate 614 are positioned in proximity to one another, magnetic force secures the components of assembly 600. Magnetic fasteners can also assist in the alignment of partitioning member 606 and plate 614. In some embodiments, one or more of partitioning member 606 and plate 614 can include magnetic elements and / or metal pads, and one or more fasteners (such as an edge fastener) can include magnetic elements and / or metal pads positioned such that they cooperatively interact with the magnetic elements and / or metal pads of partitioning member 606 and plate 614. In this manner, when the fasteners are positioned in proximity to partitioning member 606 and plate 614, the components of assembly 600 are secured. Fasteners implemented in this manner can include edge clamps (e.g., fasteners 704) that also engage mechanically with the components of assembly 600. Alternatively, magnetic fasteners can be configured for positioning under or atop one or more components of assembly 600 without securing the components of the assembly mechanically. FIG.21A is a schematic diagram showing an example measurement assembly that includes magnetic fasteners. Plate 614 includes one or more magnets 611 positioned at or adjacent to the edge surface of plate 614 that aligns with the edge surface of partitioning member 606. In turn, partitioning member 606 includes one or more metal pads 613 positioned at or adjacent to the edge surface that aligns with the edge surface of plate 614, Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 such that when member 606 and plate 614 are aligned and in proximity, magnetic force is exerted between magnets 611 and metal pads 613, fastening plate 614 and member 606 together. It should be noted that the number of magnets 611 and metal pads 613 can vary, and that the number of magnets can differ from the number of metal pads. Furthermore, the locations of the magnets and metal pads can be selected as desired to ensure that plate 614 and member 606 are securely fastened. While the metal pads 613 are positioned in partitioning member 606 and the magnets are positioned in plate 614 in FIG.21A, more generally magnets and cooperating metal pads can be positioned in either component (or both components) and distributed / arranged as desired. In certain embodiments, the assembly can also include magnetic features for fastening / engaging with external clamping mechanisms. For example, referring to FIG.21A, member 606 includes one or more metal pads 615, and plate 614 also includes one or more metal pads 617. Metal pads 615 and 617 are positioned for alignment with magnets in a clamping mechanism. FIG.21B shows an example clamping mechanism implemented as a C-clamp 704 that includes one or more magnets 705. When C-clamp 704 is installed by sliding over the aligned edges of member 606 and plate 614, magnets 705 are aligned with metal pads 615 and 617, thereby further securing C-clamp 704 to the assembly. As noted above, magnets and metal pads can generally be positioned and distributed among the clamping mechanism, member 606, plate 614, and other components of the assembly as desired. Certain features of sealing member 604 were described in connection with the example shown in FIGS.6 and 7A-7C. However, a wide variety of different sealing members can be used in the measurement device assemblies described herein. In the example shown in FIG.6, the aperture pattern in sealing member 604 matches the well pattern defined by partitioning member 606 so that sealing member 604 seals the opening around each well, yielding a measurement device assembly in which each well is fluidically isolated from the other wells. In some embodiments, however, the aperture pattern in sealing member 604 does not exactly match the pattern of wells defined by the walls of partitioning member. FIG.12 is a schematic diagram showing a plurality of wells 802 defined by the walls of a partitioning member 606. Also shown in dashed lines are examples of apertures formed in a sealing member 604. Aperture 804 is aligned with and corresponds to two wells, such that the two wells are in fluid communication, but are fluidically isolated from the other Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 wells. Aperture 806 is aligned with and corresponds to four wells, which are in fluid communication but fluidically isolated from the other wells. In general, sealing member 604 can have one or more apertures that are aligned with and encompass (e.g., correspond to) one or more wells (e.g., two or more wells, three or more wells, four or more wells, eight or more wells, 16 or more wells, or even more wells) defined by the walls of partitioning member 606. In some embodiments, the apertures in sealing member 604 have regular shapes, as shown in FIGS.6 and 12. In certain embodiments, the apertures in sealing member 604 can have irregular shapes, and can generally be shaped and positioned as desired to allow certain wells to undergo fluid communication, and to isolate other wells fluidically. Sealing members can have apertures of a variety of different shapes and sizes to couple and isolate wells, without limitation on the number of wells that can be coupled and / or isolated, and without limitation on the shapes of the apertures. In some embodiments, the apertures in sealing member 604 are square and / or rectangular as shown in FIGS.6 and 12. More generally, however, the apertures in sealing member 604 can be shaped as desired, and can be circular, triangular, hexagonal, or any other desired shape. In some embodiments, the shapes of one or more apertures in sealing member 604 match the shapes of one or more wells defined by the walls of partitioning member 606. In certain embodiments, the walls of partitioning member 606 can define one or more round or elliptical wells, and sealing member 604 can include one or more corresponding apertures that are aligned with the round or elliptical wells. In some circumstances, the apertures may have more complex shapes that do not include corners. Under certain circumstances, round wells, elliptical wells, and other well shapes that do not include corners can be easier to clean and sterilize as there are no corners for biological and other waste material to accumulate during an experiment. FIG.13 is a schematic diagram showing a plurality of wells 802 defined by the walls of a partitioning member 606. Also shown in FIG. 13 are apertures 804 formed in a sealing member 604 that are aligned with the round wells 802. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 does not include apertures when the components of measurement device assembly 600 are assembled. Instead, sealing member 604 is formed of a material (e.g., the materials described herein) that is punched through when compressive force is applied to measurement device assembly 600, forming the apertures in sealing member 604. In certain embodiments, the lower edges of the walls of partitioning member 606 (e.g., the edges that contact sealing member 604) can be shaped to Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 facilitate punch-through of sealing member 604. For example, the edges can be narrowed and profiled (e.g., with an angular or “sharpened” profile) to cause the edges to concentrate compressive force in a smaller area, thereby causing the edges to punch-through the sealing member 604. In certain embodiments, sealing member 604 is formed by curing a liquid or flowable material in partitioning member 606. With reference to FIG.7A, a liquid or flowable material can be deposited on the underside of partitioning member 606 (e.g., the side that faces measurement device 602), and the liquid or flowable material can then be cured through application of heat and / or light, or dessication / drying, or a combination of these, to yield a solid or semi-solid sealing member 604 positioned within partitioning member 606. Suitable materials that can be deposited to form sealing member 604 in this manner include, but are not limited to, flowable silicones, non-adhesive resins, and other solubilized polymer precursors. In FIG.6, sealing member 604 is a single-sheet material. More generally, however, sealing member 604 can be implemented as one or more (e.g., two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, eight or more, ten or more, or even more) distinct members that cooperatively act to form sealing member 604. For example, the distinct members can be positioned adjacent one another between partitioning member 606 and measurement device 602 to effectively form seals around the wells defined by the walls of partitioning member 606 and the upper surface of measurement device 602. In some embodiments, the distinct members can have alignment marks, tabs, cooperating overhangs / underhangs, and / or other features that allow the distinct members to engage with one another to ensure they remain anchored in position within measurement device assembly 600. The multiple distinct members can have a variety of shapes. For example, in certain embodiments, each of the distinct members is square or rectangular in shape. In some embodiments, each of the distinct members is circular or ring-shaped. In some embodiments, each of the distinct members is hexagonal or octagonal in shape. More generally, the multiple distinct members can have any of a wide variety of cooperating shapes, and a sealing member 604 can be formed from distinct members that all have the same shape, or from distinct members where certain members have shapes that are different from others. It should also be noted that in some embodiments, sealing member 604 is formed from distinct members, at least some of which are formed from materials that differ from the materials of other members. For example, depending upon the nature of certain experiments, it may be advantageous to employ sealing members of different types to form different types Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 of seals around certain wells in a measurement device assembly. Different materials may have different chemical resistance to substances that are used in experiments, different materials may have different levels of cytotoxicity to different types of cells, and certain materials may be more effective that others at establishing a fluid-impermeable seal around certain wells, depending upon the nature of the reagents used in those wells. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 can be used for delivery of reagents and / or other substances to one or more wells formed by the walls of partitioning member 606 and the upper surface of measurement device 602. For example, in some embodiments, the one or more reagents or other substances can be introduced into sealing member 604 (e.g., by immersing sealing member 604 in the one or more reagents or other substances, by introducing a precursor of a reagent or other substance into sealing member 604 and contacting the sealing member with a substance that reacts with the precursor). Then, when sealing member 604 is assembled with the other components of measurement device assembly 600, incorporated reagents or other substances are released from the sealing member into the wells. In certain embodiments, the release occurs by diffusion. Alternatively, or in addition, the release of substances from sealing member 604 can occur via application of electrical voltages to sealing member 604 (e.g., to drive electrokinetic and / or electro-osmotic flow of substances out of sealing member 604. Further alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the release of substances from sealing member 604 can occur via application of compressive force to the sealing member. As described previously, in some embodiments, the compressive force is applied statically (e.g., without adjusting or controlling the amount of force applied). In certain embodiments, the compressive force is adjustable, which allows the rate of release of substances from sealing member 604 to be controlled. Examples of reagents and other substances that can be released from sealing member 604 according to one or more of the foregoing methods include, but are not limited to, buffering agents, cell growth factors, drug substances, water, enzymes, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies. In certain embodiments, reagents and / or other substances are incorporated into only a portion of sealing member 604 for later release, rather than the entire sealing member. To introduce reagents and / or other substances into only a portion of the sealing member, regions of the sealing member into which reagents and / or other substances are not to be introduced can be masked, sealed, or otherwise isolated to prevent exposure to the reagents / substances. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 includes one or more fluidic channels. Channels can be incorporated in the sealing member for a variety of purposes. For example, Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 in certain embodiments, fluidic channels in sealing member 604 connect two or more apertures, effectively leading to fluidic coupling of the wells with which the apertures are aligned. FIG.14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a sealing member 604 that includes a plurality of apertures 804. Fluidic channels 806 formed in sealing member 604 connect some of the apertures, so that wells aligned with those apertures are in fluidic communication, but isolated fluidically from other apertures. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 optionally includes one or more inlet ports connected to one or more apertures, and / or one or more outlet ports connected to one or more apertures. Inlet ports allow reagents and other substances to be introduced into wells corresponding to the apertures (and to wells fluidically coupled to the apertures), and outlet ports allow substances to flow out of wells corresponding to the apertures (and to wells fluidically coupled to the apertures). FIG.15 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a sealing member 604 that includes a first plurality of apertures 804a connected by fluidic channels 806a. An inlet port 808a is fluidically connected to each of the first plurality of apertures 804a via channels 806a, as is an outlet port 810a. Similarly, a second plurality of apertures 804b is connected via fluidic channels 806b and to inlet port 808b and outlet port 810b. The first and second pluralities of channels are fluidically isolated from each other. A wide variety of different fluidic channel connections, inlet ports, and outlet ports can be implemented in sealing member 604. In general, any number of fluidic channels can be present in sealing member 604, along with any number of inlet ports and / or outlet ports. It should also be noted that inlet and / or outlet ports can have a variety of shapes, and may or may not extend to the edges of sealing member 604. For example, although inlet ports 808a and 808b extend to the edges of sealing member 604 in FIG.15, in some embodiments inlet ports (and / or outlet ports) terminate within the body of sealing member 604. More generally, fluidic channels can be formed in various components of the measurement devices described herein. As discussed above, in some embodiments, fluidic channels are formed in sealing member 604. Alternatively, or in addition, fluidic channels can be formed in partitioning member 606 as well. FIG.18A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of an example of partitioning member 606 that includes a plurality of fluidic channels. Each fluidic channel 902 extends through at least a portion of partitioning member 606. Fluidic channels 902 can connect to other fluidic channels, to one or more inlet ports 904, and to one or more outlet ports 906. Inlet ports 904 and outlet ports 906 can independently be formed in lateral surfaces of partitioning member 906 and / or in the top surface of partitioning member 606. Inlet and / or outlet ports positioned in the top surface of Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 partitioning member 606 can be connected to fluidic channels that extend laterally in partitioning member 606 through one or more vertical channels integrated into the partitioning member. In certain embodiments, fluidic channels can extend vertically (i.e., in the thickness direction) in partitioning member 606. FIG.18B is a schematic side view of an example of a partitioning member 606 that includes a plurality of fluidic channels 906 oriented vertically in the partitioning member. Channels 906 can include inlet and / or outlet ports 908 located at the top surface of the partitioning member. Alternatively, or in addition, channels 906 can include inlet and / or outlet ports 910 located at one or more lateral surfaces of the partitioning member. In addition to vertically oriented channels 906, in some embodiments, partitioning member 606 can include channels 912 extending in the body of the partitioning member. Channels 912 can form connections between different vertically oriented channels 906 and / or connect to inlet / outlet ports. In some embodiments, fluidic channels can be formed by the combination of partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604. FIG.19 shows a schematic side view of an example of a portion of a measurement device assembly that includes partitioning member 606. Formed in partitioning member 606 is a first portion 914 of a fluidic channel. The first portion of the channel can be implemented as a trench, recess, indentation, or other similar surface feature of partitioning member 606 that forms a partial channel for fluid transport. The measurement device assembly also includes sealing member 604, in which a second portion 916 of a fluidic channel is formed. As above, the second portion of the channel can also be implemented as a trench, recess, indentation, or other similar surface feature of sealing member 604 that forms a partial channel for fluid transport. When the partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 are aligned in the measurement device assembly, the two portions 914 and 916 of the fluidic channel are aligned and their shapes cooperatively form an enclosed fluidic channel. Partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 can be configured such that they form a plurality of fluidic channels in this manner. A fluidic channel formed cooperatively by partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 can have properties similar to the other fluidic channels described herein. For example, fluidic channels formed in this manner can be connected by fluidic channels that extend laterally and / or vertically within sealing member 604 and / or partitioning member 606. Fluidic channels formed in this manner can be connected to one or more inlet and / or outlet ports formed in lateral surfaces of the sealing member and / or partitioning member, and can Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 be connected to one or more inlet and / or outlet ports formed in a top surface of the partitioning member. Inlet and / or outlet ports can also be formed cooperatively by both partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 in the same manner as the fluidic channels. In some embodiments, sealing members can be used to deliver reagents into wells of a measurement device assembly. FIG.16 is a schematic diagram of an example of a sealing member 604 that includes a plurality of apertures 804 connected by fluidic channels 806. The plurality of apertures are also connected to an inlet port 808 that terminates in an aperture formed in the sealing member. The aperture is surrounded by a region 820 of sealing member 604 into which is incorporated a reagent for delivery to the wells aligned with apertures 804. The reagent from region 820 enters inlet port 808 (e.g., by diffusion and / or by active transport according to the methods described previously) and propagates through fluidic channels 806 to each of the wells in the measurement device assembly corresponding to apertures 804. As discussed above, when the components of measurement device assembly 600 are secured, a compressive force is applied to the assembly to cause sealing member 604 to deform, thereby forming a fluid-impermeable seal around wells formed by the walls of partitioning member 606 and the upper surface of measurement device 602. Further, in certain embodiments, the amount of compressive force that is applied can be adjusted. Where the compressive force is adjustable, it can be beneficial to determine the extent of applied force to avoid, for example, fracturing or other catastrophic failure of components of the assembly, particularly measurement device 602. A variety of different devices and mechanisms can be used to provide information about the applied compressive force. In some embodiments, sealing member 604 can include one or more mechanochromic materials that change color when a compressive force is applied. By calibrating the induced color change to the applied compressive force, a user of the measurement device assembly can determine when sufficient compressive force has been applied to form fluid-impermeable seals based on the color of sealing member 604. A variety of different mechanochromic materials can be incorporated into sealing member 604 for this purpose, including piezochromic polymer materials. Materials used for this purpose do not need to be introduced throughout sealing member 604. Because only the edges of sealing member 604 are typically visible after the components of measurement device assembly 600 have been assembled, mechanochromic materials can be introduced at or adjacent to edge regions of sealing member 604 to provide visual evidence of compressive force via color change to a user of the assembly. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 In certain embodiments, a pressure-sensitive device such as a piezoelectric sensor can be incorporated into one of the components of measurement device assembly 600. The device can be present on measurement device 602, for example, and can yield information about the compressive force applied to measurement device 602 through sealing member 604. In some embodiments, measurement device 602 and partitioning member 606 include aligned electrodes that are positioned on opposite sides of sealing member 604 in measurement device assembly 600. Measurement device 602 can apply a voltage signal to its electrode to measure the capacitance between its electrode and the corresponding electrode in partitioning member 606. Because the capacitance depends on the distance between the electrodes, measurement device 602 can determine an estimate of the separation between itself and partitioning member 606, and therefore, of the thickness of compressed sealing member 604. Measurement device 602 can provide this thickness information to a user, or alternatively, can adjust the compressive force applied to the assembly in automated fashion. Such electrodes can also be used to apply voltages to the sealing member 604 to promote the release of substances contained within the sealing member as discussed above. Measurement device 602 can be used to perform a wide variety of electrical measurements on samples that are positioned within wells defined by partitioning member 602. Optical measurements can also be performed on the samples. Such optical measurements, which typically involve imaging in a microscope assembly, are generally performed at high magnification with an objective lens in close proximity to the samples. Accordingly, before such optical measurements are performed, assembly 600 is generally disassembled, and partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 are discarded, leaving the samples disposed atop measurement device 602. Either prior to or after removing partitioning member 602 and sealing member 604, the samples can be fixed atop measurement device 602. Fixation, which can be performed using any one or more of a variety of well-known fixatives such as formalin, is used to preserve the samples in their relative positions on measurement device 602. An imaging cover is then deployed atop measurement device 602 to facilitate imaging of the samples. Further, to reduce undesirable artifacts from index mismatches, the space between the samples atop measurement device 602 and the imaging cover can be filled with any of a variety of well-known index matching fluids. To ensure that samples remain spatially localized, another sealing member 604 can optionally be positioned atop measurement device 602, between device 602 and the imaging cover. Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 FIG.17A is a schematic perspective view of the disassembled components of assembly 600, with only measurement device 602 and plate 614 present (partitioning member 606 and sealing member 604 from assembly 600 have been discarded). An imaging cover 902 disposed in a holder 950 is positioned atop measurement device 602. The new sealing member 604 described above, which may be optionally deployed between imaging cover 902 and measurement device 602, is not shown in FIG.17A. FIG.17B is a schematic side view of the imaging cover 902 and holder 950 shown in FIG.17A. Imaging cover 902 is generally formed from one or more materials that transmit optical radiation for imaging. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, various types of glass, crystalline and semi-crystalline materials, and plastics (e.g., polycarbonates, polystyrenes). Samples that are fixed atop measurement device 602 can be imaged by measuring light transmitted through imaging cover 902 from each the samples. Due to the relatively thin nature of imaging cover 902, an imaging objective lens can be positioned in close proximity to the fixed samples, thereby facilitating high numerical aperture imaging protocols. A variety of different imaging microscopy methods such as (but not limited to) confocal imaging, brightfield imaging, and fluorescence imaging can be performed in such a manner. Further, excitation radiation (e.g., to induce fluorescence emission, absorption, or a variety of nonlinear optical effects) can be transmitted through imaging cover 902 to the samples on measurement device 602. The thickness of imaging cover 902 is generally selected to allow the imaging objective lens of a microscope assembly to be positioned at a suitable distance from the samples atop measurement device 602 for high magnification imaging. In some embodiments, for example, the thickness of imaging cover 902 is 2.0 mm or less (e.g., 1.5 mm or less, 1.0 mm or less, 900 microns or less, 800 microns or less, 700 microns or less, 600 microns or less, 500 microns or less, 400 microns or less, 300 microns or less, or even less). In addition, the thickness of imaging cover 902 is typically uniform across the surface of imaging cover 902 to within a tolerance of 100 microns or less (e.g., 75 microns or less, 50 microns or less, 25 microns or less, 20 microns or less, 10 microns or less, or even less). By ensuring that the thickness of cover 902 is relatively uniform, auto-focusing operations during imaging of each of the samples on measurement device 602 can readily be performed. Holder 950 generally functions to provide mechanical support for imaging cover 902 (which may be relatively thin and brittle) and to facilitate handling and alignment of imaging cover 902. Holder 950 can also provide one or more surfaces for clamping or otherwise fixing imaging cover 902 in position relative to measurement device 602. For this purpose, Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 any of the different mechanisms described above in connection with assembly 600 can be used to secure imaging cover 902 (and holder 950) to measurement device 602. In addition, in some embodiments, holder 950 can include an offset mechanism such as one or more standoffs to maintain a spacing between imaging cover 902 and measurement device 602 when holder 950 is fixed in position relative to measurement device 602. The spacing, as described above, is typically filled with an index matching fluid to facilitating imaging of the samples. The spacing, whether maintained by the offset mechanism, by the frame of the holder, or by a combination of the offset mechanism and the frame, can be, for example, between 50 microns and 2.0 mm (e.g., between 100 microns and 1500 microns, between 100 microns and 1200 microns, between 100 microns and 1000 microns, between 100 microns and 800 microns, between 100 microns and 600 microns, between 100 microns and 500 microns, or any other range between any two range boundaries as described herein). To provide mechanical stability, holder 950 can generally be formed from one or more materials with suitable rigidity to resist deformation and support the application of external mechanical force. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, metals, plastics, fiberglass, other composite materials. OTHER EMBODIMENTS While this disclosure describes specific implementations, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features in certain embodiments. Features that are described in the context of separate embodiments can also generally be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as present in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can generally be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination. In addition to the embodiments expressly disclosed herein, it will be understood that various modifications to the embodiments described may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the claims.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A measurement device assembly, comprising: a partitioning member comprising a plurality of walls; a measurement device comprising a substrate and a plurality of electrodes, wherein at least some of the electrodes are positioned at or adjacent to an upper surface of the measurement device; and a sealing member positioned between the partitioning member and the measurement device, wherein the partitioning member, sealing member, and measurement device are aligned in the assembly such that the plurality of walls of the sealing member and the upper surface of the measurement device define a plurality of wells, and a first set of wells of the plurality of wells are fluidically isolated from a second set of wells of the plurality of wells by the sealing member.

2. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a printed circuit board.

3. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises one or more integrated circuit chips.

4. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member forms a reversible seal between the partitioning member and the measurement device.

5. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein each well of the plurality of wells is fluidically isolated from all other wells of the plurality of wells.

6. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the first set of wells comprises more than one well and the second set of wells comprises more than one well.

7. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, further comprising a plate positioned on an opposite side of the measurement device from the sealing member.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 8. The measurement device assembly of claim 7, further comprising a compression mechanism configured to apply a compressive force to the assembly.

9. The measurement device assembly of claim 8, wherein the compression mechanism comprises a plurality of threaded members that extend through the plate and engage with cooperating apertures formed in the partitioning member.

10. The measurement device assembly of claim 8, wherein the compression mechanism comprises: a plurality of members extending from the partitioning member; and a plurality of latches coupled to the plate and configured to engage with the plurality of members extending from the partitioning member.

11. The measurement device assembly of claim 8, wherein the compression mechanism comprises at least one fastening member configured to engage with lateral surfaces of the partitioning member and the plate.

12. The measurement device assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least one fastening member is a clamp.

13. The measurement device assembly of claim 11, wherein the at least one fastening member comprises a plurality of clamps, and wherein each clamp is configured to engage with lateral surfaces of the partitioning member and the plate on a different side of the assembly.

14. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member is formed of a compressible material, and wherein when a compressive force is applied to the assembly, the sealing member deforms to fluidically isolate the first set of wells from the second set of wells.

15. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures, and wherein when the sealing member is aligned with the partitioning member and the measurement device, each aperture of the plurality of apertures is aligned with a corresponding well formed by the partitioning member and the measurement device.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 16. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures, and wherein when the sealing member is aligned with the partitioning member and the measurement device, at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures encloses multiple wells of the plurality of wells.

17. The measurement device assembly of claim 16, wherein the multiple wells of the plurality of wells comprises at least 4 wells.

18. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member comprises multiple distinct sealing elements.

19. The measurement device assembly of claim 18, wherein the multiple distinct sealing elements are dimensioned such that when positioned adjacent one another, the multiple distinct sealing elements form a continuous sheet.

20. The measurement device assembly of claim 18, wherein the multiple distinct elements comprise cooperating engagement features.

21. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures having a cross-sectional shape that matches a cross-sectional shape of the plurality of wells.

22. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the measurement device assembly comprises one or more fluidic channels.

23. The measurement device assembly of claim 22, wherein the one or more fluidic channels connect multiple apertures of the plurality of apertures.

24. The measurement device assembly of claim 22, wherein the sealing member comprises at least one of the one or more fluidic channels.

25. The measurement device assembly of claim 22, wherein the partitioning member comprises at least one of the one or more fluidic channels.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 26. The measurement device assembly of claim 22, wherein at least one of the one or more fluidic channels is formed by cooperating portions of the sealing member and partitioning member.

27. The measurement device assembly of claim 23, wherein: a first set of one or more fluidic channels connect a first set of apertures of the plurality of apertures; a second set of one or more fluidic channels connect a second set of apertures of the plurality of apertures; and the first and second sets of apertures are fluidically isolated.

28. The measurement device assembly of claim 22, further comprising at least one inlet port.

29. The measurement device assembly of claim 28, wherein the at least one inlet port extends to an edge of the measurement device assembly.

30. The measurement device assembly of claim 29, wherein the at least one inlet port extends to an edge of at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member.

31. The measurement device assembly of claim 28, wherein the at least one inlet port terminates at an input aperture formed in at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member.

32. The measurement device assembly of claim 31, wherein the input aperture is not aligned with a well of the plurality of wells.

33. The measurement device assembly of claim 22, further comprising at least one outlet port.

34. The measurement device assembly of claim 33, wherein the at least one outlet port extends to an edge of at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 35. The measurement device assembly of claim 33, wherein the at least one outlet port terminates at an output aperture formed in at least one of the sealing member and the partitioning member.

36. The measurement device assembly of claim 35, wherein the output aperture is not aligned with a well of the plurality of wells.

37. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member comprises at least one chemical reagent or substance incorporated into the sealing member.

38. The measurement device assembly of claim 37, wherein the at least one chemical reagent or substance is selected from the group consisting of buffering agents, cell growth factors, drug substances, water, enzymes, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies.

39. The measurement device assembly of claim 37, wherein the at least one chemical reagent or substance is incorporated into only a portion of the sealing member.

40. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein the sealing member is positioned at least partially within a recess formed in the partitioning member.

41. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the sealing member prior to applying compressive force to the sealing member is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

42. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein a Shore hardness of the sealing member, measured on the ASTM D2240 Type A scale, is between 5 and 60.

43. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein when the assembly is secured, a compression ratio of the sealing member is between 5% and 95%.

44. The measurement device assembly of claim 7, further comprising a plurality of thermal pads positioned between the measurement device and the plate and configured to transfer heat energy from the measurement device to the plate.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 45. The measurement device assembly of claim 7, further comprising a potting material positioned between the measurement device and the plate to transfer heat energy from the measurement device to the plate.

46. The measurement device assembly of claim 7, further comprising a humidity barrier gasket positioned between the measurement device and the plate.

47. The measurement device assembly of claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the measurement device is a surface of the printed circuit board.

48. The measurement device assembly of claim 3, wherein the upper surface of the measurement device is a surface of one or more of the integrated circuit chips.

49. The measurement device assembly of claim 8, wherein the compression mechanism is adjustable to control an amount of compressive force applied to the assembly.

50. The measurement device assembly of claim 49, wherein the compression mechanism comprises a clamp that engages with lateral surfaces of the partitioning member and the plate.

51. The measurement device assembly of claim 50, wherein a spacing between opposite sides of the clamp is adjustable.

52. The measurement device assembly of claim 50, wherein the clamp comprises sealing elements that contact the partitioning member and the plate to form an enclosed volume within the clamp, and a port coupled to the enclosed volume.

53. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, further comprising an imaging assembly configured to attach to the measurement device.

54. The measurement device assembly of claim 53, wherein the imaging assembly comprises an imaging cover and a holder.

55. The measurement device assembly of claim 54, wherein the holder is configured so that when the holder contacts the measurement device, a vertical spacing between theAttorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 imaging cover and a nearest surface of the measurement device, measured in a direction orthogonal to a plane of the imaging cover, is between 50 microns and 2 mm.

56. The measurement device assembly of claim 54, wherein the imaging cover transmits optical radiation.

57. The measurement device assembly of claim 54, wherein the imaging cover is formed from at least one of a glass material, a plastic material, and a crystalline material.

58. The measurement device assembly of claim 54, wherein a thickness of the imaging cover is between 20 microns and 2 mm.

59. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein: a cross-sectional shape of each well of the plurality of wells is circular; and the sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures, and a cross-sectional shape of each aperture of the plurality of apertures is circular.

60. The measurement device assembly of claim 1, wherein: a cross-sectional shape of each well of the plurality of wells comprises rounded corners; and the sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures, and a cross-sectional shape of each aperture of the plurality of apertures comprises rounded corners.

61. A method, comprising: forming a measurement device assembly comprising a plurality of wells by positioning a first sealing member between a partitioning member and a measurement device; applying a compressive force to secure components of the measurement device assembly; disposing one or more biological samples in one or more of the plurality of wells; and measuring at least one electrical property of the one or more biological samples.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein the measurement device comprises a substrate and a plurality of electrodes, and wherein at least some of the electrodes are positioned at orAttorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 adjacent to an upper surface of the measurement device that faces the one or more biological samples.

63. The method of claim 61, wherein the partitioning member comprises a plurality of walls that define the plurality of wells.

64. The method of claim 61, wherein at least some wells of the plurality of wells are fluidically isolated from at least some other wells of the plurality of wells.

65. The method of claim 61, further comprising: disassembling the measurement device assembly to remove the partitioning member and the first sealing member; fixing the one or more biological samples to the measurement device; positioning a second sealing member between an imaging assembly and the measurement device; and obtaining imaging information for the one or more biological samples.

66. The method of claim 65, further comprising prior to obtaining the imaging information, disposing an index matching fluid between the imaging assembly and the one or more biological samples.

67. The method of claim 61, wherein the measurement device comprises a printed circuit board.

68. The method of claim 61, wherein the measurement device comprises one or more integrated circuit chips.

69. The method of claim 61, wherein the first sealing member forms a reversible seal between the partitioning member and the measurement device.

70. The method of claim 61, comprising applying the compressive force by clamping components of the measurement device assembly.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 71. The method of claim 61, wherein the first sealing member is formed of a compressible material, and wherein applying the compressive force causes the first sealing member to deform to fluidically isolate at least some wells of the plurality of wells from at least some other wells of the plurality of wells.

72. The method of claim 61, wherein the first sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures, the method comprising aligning the first sealing member with the partitioning member and the measurement device so that each aperture of the plurality of apertures is aligned with a corresponding well formed by the partitioning member and the measurement device.

73. The method of claim 61, wherein the first sealing member comprises a plurality of apertures, the method comprising aligning the first sealing member with the partitioning member and the measurement device so that at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures encloses multiple wells of the plurality of wells.

74. The method of claim 61, wherein the first sealing member comprises multiple distinct sealing elements.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein the multiple distinct sealing elements are dimensioned such that when positioned adjacent one another, the multiple distinct sealing elements form a continuous sheet.

76. The method of claim 74, wherein the multiple distinct elements comprise cooperating engagement features.

77. The method of claim 61, wherein the first sealing member comprises at least one chemical reagent or substance incorporated into the first sealing member, the method comprising releasing the at least one chemical reagent or substance into one or more of the plurality of wells.

78. The method of claim 77, wherein the at least one chemical reagent or substance is selected from the group consisting of buffering agents, cell growth factors, drug substances, water, enzymes, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 79. The method of claim 77, wherein the at least one chemical reagent or substance is incorporated into only a portion of the sealing member.

80. The method of claim 61, comprising positioning the first sealing member at least partially within a recess formed in the partitioning member.

81. The method of claim 61, wherein a thickness of the first sealing member prior to applying the compressive force is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

82. The method of claim 61, wherein a Shore hardness of the first sealing member, measured on the ASTM D2240 Type A scale, is between 5 and 60.

83. The method of claim 61, wherein when the components of the measurement device assembly are secured, a compression ratio of the first sealing member is between 5% and 95%.

84. The method of claim 61, further comprising adjusting an amount of the compressive force applied to the assembly.

85. The method of claim 65, wherein the imaging assembly comprises an imaging cover and a holder.

86. The method of claim 85, further comprising contacting the measurement device with the holder, thereby positioning the imaging cover adjacent to the measurement device such that a vertical spacing between the imaging cover and a nearest surface of the measurement device, measured in a direction orthogonal to a plane of the imaging cover, is between 50 microns and 2 mm.

87. The method of claim 85, wherein the imaging cover transmits optical radiation.

88. The method of claim 85, wherein the imaging cover is formed from at least one of a glass material, a plastic material, and a crystalline material.Attorney Docket No.54610-0020WO1 89. The method of claim 84, wherein a thickness of the imaging cover is between 50 microns and 2 mm.

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