Illuminable laminated glazing for a vehicle, and vehicle comprising such an illuminable laminated glazing

Abstract

The invention relates to an illuminable laminated glazing for a vehicle, comprising a guest host cell and an optical isolator coating on a non-fluoropolymer carrier film within the lamination interlayer which is separate from or forms part of the guest host cell.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE: ILLUMINABLE LAMINATED VEHICLE GLAZING, VEHICLE WITH SUCH ILLUMINABLE LAMINATED GLAZING

[0003] The present invention relates to an illuminable (and electrically controllable) laminated glazing for vehicles, in particular road vehicle glazing.

[0004] It is known to have multifunctional road vehicle roofs that can be illuminated by lighting, for example by light-emitting diodes, and that can be electrically controlled to obtain variable optical properties (in particular allowing opacification) thanks to switchable functional elements integrated into the glazing, such as liquid crystals.

[0005] Regarding vehicle roof lighting, light-emitting diodes have been used for the glazed roofs of road vehicles, including panoramic laminated roofs with LED lighting as described in document WO2010049638. The light emitted by the diodes is introduced edge-on into the inner glazing forming a guide, the light being extracted from the glazing by a diffusing layer on the glazing.

[0006] To improve light extraction, document WO2015118279 proposes a luminous laminated vehicle roof incorporating, within the thermoplastic laminate interlayer, a fluoropolymer film at least 600 nm thick with a refractive index n2 at 550 nm. The inner glass acts as a guiding layer with a refractive index n1, where n1-n2 is at least 0.08. The fluoropolymer film then forms an optical insulator between the inner glass and a tinted element such as the outer glass. Such a luminous roof may further include an electrically controllable system with variable optical properties, particularly liquid crystals, located either below or above the optical insulator.

[0007] Furthermore, document W02024003508 proposes a luminous laminated roof with a guest host cell comprising an adhesive optical insulating layer, part of a laminate interlayer.

[0008] The present invention aims to develop an alternative laminated vehicle glazing that is both luminous and tint-variable, without compromising the performance of either function and without unduly complicating manufacturing and / or design. The invention specifically aims to expand the applications of luminous and tint-variable laminated vehicle glazing.

[0009] To this end, the present invention relates to an illuminable (and electrically controllable) vehicle window, particularly for road use, specifically an opening side window – particularly a rear window – intended to be mounted sliding in a vehicle door, particularly for cars but also trucks, public transport such as buses, coaches, etc., comprising:

[0010] - laminated glass, preferably curved, comprising:

[0011] - a first transparent sheet, made of mineral glass (clear or tinted), with a first main face called face F1 (intended to be oriented towards the outside of the vehicle), a second main face called face F2 and a first slice,

[0012] - a second, transparent sheet, with a third main face called face F3, a fourth main face called face F4 and a second slice,

[0013] - between the first and second sheets, a multilayer polymer laminate interlayer, comprising an upper (adhesive) interlayer on the second side and a lower (adhesive) interlayer on the third side, - between the upper and lower interlayer layers, a liquid crystal cell called a guest host cell (or GH for "guest host" in English), with variable tint (light to dark state and vice versa), comprising a first edge, a guest host cell containing an electroactive layer comprising a liquid volume of liquid crystals mixed with dichroic dyes (dissolved), an electroactive layer between an upper support, in particular dielectric and transparent, (electrode) comprising an upper electrode, in particular transparent,surmounted by a top alignment layer and a bottom (electrode) support, in particular dielectric and transparent, comprising a bottom electrode, in particular transparent, surmounted by a bottom alignment layer, the electroactive layer being between the bottom and top alignment layers, the bottom support being closer to the F3 face than the top support, in particular guest host cell surrounded by a frame layer of the laminate interlayer (based on PVB),

[0014] - a guide layer, with a refractive index ng in the visible, capable of guiding light by total internal reflection, in particular the internal guide layer comprising the second sheet and even the lower intercalated layer, or being on the fourth face F4 side (the guide layer then being called the external guide layer),

[0015] - preferably a light source in optical coupling with the (internal or external) guiding layer, preferably comprising a series of light-emitting diodes, in particular extending longitudinally (longitudinal series,

[0016] - preferably means of light extraction (guided in the guiding layer), preferably in the form of a diffusing coating for example on the lower interlayer (based on PVB with or without plasticizers)

[0017] - between the guest host cell and the guidance layer, an optical insulator layer, optically isolating the guest host cell from the guidance layer, optical insulator layer with a refractive index n2 in the visible, and with ng-n2 which is at least 0.04 in the visible, of submillimeter thickness Ei of at least 400nm and better of at most 10pm,

[0018] The glazing also includes a coated substrate which comprises:

[0019] - a transparent film called carrier film, made of a material, preferably polymeric, distinct from a fluoropolymer and a crosslinked adhesive material, with a main front face Fa oriented towards face F2 and a main rear face Fb opposite and a second edge, of submillimeter thickness Ef,

[0020] - an optical insulating coating which constitutes the optical insulating layer, made of a material comprising a matrix distinct from a fluoropolymer (possibly being a cross-linked material), on one of the front faces Fa or rear faces Fb, called the coated face, and another second face, the matrix, in particular organic or mineral, having a refractive index n2 m greater than n2 and less than ng, and the optical insulating coating contains (nano)porosity and / or (nano)particles of low index, with a refractive index less than ng. The entire carrier film and optical insulating coating together are called the coated substrate.

[0021] Thanks to the guest cell, the light transmission and tint of laminated glass change when an electrical voltage is applied to the cell. A guest cell is advantageous because it offers a very fast switching time, high contrast between light and dark states, low blur, and a neutral tint.

[0022] In one configuration, laminated glass can be normally clear (maximum light transmission) when no voltage is applied, and it becomes dark (minimum light transmission) when a voltage is applied. Conversely, the glass can be conceived as normally dark when no voltage is applied; it then becomes clear when a voltage is applied.

[0023] By "dark" state we mean a state in which the light transmission of the glazing in the corresponding area is lower than in the "light" state.

[0024] For example, in the dark state, the host-guest cell exhibits a light transmission of less than or equal to 8%, in particular less than or equal to 5%, or even less than or equal to 3%, and even less than or equal to 1%. In the light state, the host-guest cell exhibits a light transmission greater than or equal to 10%, in particular greater than or equal to 15%, 20%, or 30%.

[0025] Laminated glazing (particularly rear opening side windows, preferably for road vehicles) exhibits, for example, a light transmission of no more than 70%—and preferably at least 30%—in the light state of the host / guest cell. And / or laminated glazing (particularly rear opening side windows, preferably for road vehicles) exhibits a light transmission of less than 3%, 2%, or even 0.1% in the dark state of the host / guest cell.

[0026] The host cell, invited into a dark state, enhances the vision of the means of light extraction.

[0027] In this text, light transmission is calculated from the transmission spectrum between 380 and 780 nm, taking into account illuminant A and the CIE 1964 reference observer (10°).

[0028] In the following description, "hue" here means the coloured aspect in transmission, characterized in particular by one or more of the colourimetric coordinates L*, a*, b*, calculated from the spectrum in transmission between 380 and 780 nm taking into consideration the illuminant D65 as well as the CIE 1964 observer (10°).

[0029] In this description, the opening side window is preferably intended for road vehicles. Specifically, the side window is opening and rear-facing.

[0030] In the present invention, edge and slice refer to the lateral edges (as opposed to the main faces). The "edge", or "slice", thus refers to the narrow side of a layer (sheet), which is located substantially transversely between the two main faces of a layer.

[0031] In the present invention, the lower visibility limit (the visible lower edge of the glazing or "belt line") is defined for the side window when it opens after being installed in the door and in the closed position. The lower limit of the clear glass area may be above or equal to this lower visibility limit.

[0032] Preferably, the refractive index of any layer according to the invention is defined for a reference value in a range from 550 to 630 nm, preferably to 600 nm. Preferably, the difference in refractive indices n1-n2 or n'1-n2 is verified for the entire visible spectral range of the light source.

[0033] The optical insulating coating may comprise (be made of) an organic or hybrid mineral matrix, with said index n2 preferably of no more than 1.42 or 1.4 (in particular if n1 or n'1 of 1.51 to 1.53), optical insulating coating clear or possibly tinted by coloring agent (molecular or pigment).

[0034] The optical insulating coating may comprise at least 99% by weight of crosslinked polymer, optional photoinitiators, and rheological agents.

[0035] The optical insulating coating is preferably deposited by liquid means.

[0036] The surface of the optical insulating coating (before assembly) is non-sticky, requiring the use of a laminating interlayer. Specifically, the surface is non-sticky to the touch when exposed to glass. Depending on the chosen deposition side, the upper or lower interlayer layer, or an additional interlayer layer of the laminating interlayer, is in adhesive contact with the surface, or the other upper or lower interlayer layer is in adhesive contact with the surface. The optical insulating coating is typically a varnish, which can be obtained from a photocurable resin and, if necessary, photoinitiators, or be thermocurable, a two-component mixture, etc. A layer of curable resin is deposited onto the (transparent) film, preferably a polymer. Once the material is cured, the free surface is non-sticky.

[0037] Preferably n2 mis at most 1.48 and n2 preferably at most 1.42.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the matrix, preferably an organic polymer based on polyacrylate, comprises (low-index) (nano)particles, particularly hollow ones with an external diameter of no more than 300 nm or even no more than 100 nm, for example, hollow and / or porous silica nanoparticles (spheres, etc.). Preferably, the optical insulating coating is free of free silicone and volatile silicone components (a source of surface contamination).

[0039] More broadly, the matrix of the optical insulating coating can be organic, in particular cross-linked polymer or thermoplastic, in particular chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, PVB or the matrix is ​​mineral in particular silica.

[0040] The optical insulating coating (mineral or organic matrix) includes in particular no more than 60% by volume fraction of (nano)porosity and / or low index (nano)particles (in particular hollow silica nanoparticles in polyacrylate polymer matrix) or one of the following values: 40, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%.

[0041] The refractive index n2 can be customized according to the volume of nanopores or low-index or hollow nanoparticles. As a first approximation, the following relationship can be used to calculate the index: n2 = f.n2m + (1 - f).n e where f is the volume fraction of the material constituting the layer and n2 m its refractive index (dense) and n e ff is the refractive index of nanoporosity (equal to 1) or the effective index of nanoparticles (hollow and / or porous or low index).

[0042] The following table 1 illustrates the refractive index n2 as a function of n2m and the volume fraction.

[0043] [Table 1]

[0044] The mineral optical insulating coating (matrix) preferably comprises (in particular is made of):

[0045] - a porous silica-based sol-gel layer and E1 is at most 1 pm, better at most 800 nm and even 700 nm, to avoid the risk of cracks, n1 can easily go up to 1.3, - or an oxide-based layer (silica etc.) deposited by physical means in PVD vapor phase such as magnetron sputtering and E1 is at most 1 pm, better at most 700 nm because the deposition is very slow.

[0046] In magnetron sputtering the silica layer may contain one or more other elements such as aluminium and the refractive index may be 1.48.

[0047] The volume proportion of pores can be limited and controlled, in particular by the sol-gel method.

[0048] One can therefore choose silica produced from tetraetoxysilane (TEOS).

[0049] The pores can be closed, done by removing a particulate pore-forming agent.

[0050] The structuring of the sol-gel layer into pores is linked to the sol-gel type synthesis technique, which allows the essentially mineral matter (i.e. mineral or organic-mineral hybrid) to be condensed with a suitably chosen porogenous agent in particular of well-defined size(s) and / or shape(s) (elongated, spherical, oval, etc.).

[0051] Laminated glass (particularly the coated substrate) may include a protective transparent layer (film or coating), notably polymeric (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer), with a refractive index greater than n2, a submillimeter thickness, and even a maximum of 100 µm, covering the optical insulating coating and possibly extending beyond it. In particular, it protects the optical insulating coating, which may contain porosities and / or low-index nanoparticles, especially hollow or porous particles (silica, etc.). The protective transparent layer provides mechanical protection in contact with the lower interlayer (or other lower interlayer) and even with a diffusing coating, forming a means of light extraction (discontinuous or localized), and even beneath the diffusing coating.

[0052] Neither the carrier film nor the optical insulating coating is based on a fluoropolymer (defined as having a fluorocarbon-based repeating motif) that adheres poorly to the lamination interlayer or requires corona treatment. According to one feature of the invention, the polymer of the carrier film or the optical insulating coating may have a non-fluorocarbon repeating motif (in its main chain) but whose secondary functions (grafts, side chain) may contain fluorocarbons.

[0053] For the carrier film (distinct or not from the lower support), one can choose even an ultrathin glass (of no more than 0.6mm) and even for the coated substrate an all mineral solution with a mineral (or hybrid) optical insulating coating, for example for a deposit obtained by liquid means in particular a (optical insulating coating) nanoporous silica sol gel or even MgF2.

[0054] The carrier film can preferably be a polymer film, rather than even ultrathin glass which can break, and even the coated substrate is an all-polymer solution with a polymer film and a polymer matrix optical insulating coating, for example, deposited by a liquid process such as inkjet printing. Mineral (or hybrid) deposition is, for example, physical vapor deposition or sol-gel deposition.

[0055] The carrier film is for example a thermoplastic polymer (flexible, curved following the curvature of the glazing).

[0056] The carrier film (substrate), in particular a polymer according to the invention, preferably exhibits dimensional stability, is compatible with the lamination operation (pressurization at a given temperature), and is compatible with passage through an autoclave.

[0057] The carrier film (substrate) according to the invention is separate from an interlayer of lamination, which binds the sheets; it therefore requires the use of the interlayer of lamination. The carrier film (substrate) is preferably a non-stick film at room temperature. The edge of the coated substrate (the second edge of the carrier film, and even the second edge of the optical insulating coating) can be at least 10 mm from the first edge of the first sheet (and / or the second edge of the second sheet), and even at least one of the following values: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, or 30 mm.

[0058] The edge of the coated substrate (second edge of the film, second other edge of the optical insulating coating) can be at least 15mm away from the clear glass and even at least one of the following values: 10mm, 8mm, 5mm, 1mm.

[0059] For protection purposes, preferably, the perimeter of the carrier film, in particular polymer and even polyethylene terephthalate (PET), (and even the coated substrate) can be surrounded, in contact (adhesive), with a part of the laminate interlayer (PVB, EVA, TPU etc) for example of a width of at least 5mm: - either resulting from the creep of the lower interlayer layer and / or the creep of the upper interlayer layer or of an additional interlayer layer, or by adding a peripheral frame layer of thickness in particular greater than or equal to the thickness Ef of the carrier film.

[0060] In one embodiment, the carrier film is set back from the first and second glass sheets by at least 10mm and even by at least 15mm or 20mm or 25mm, and in particular the thickness Ef of the carrier film is at least 0.2mm and the glazing includes an intermediate frame layer, forming part of the lamination interlayer or the other lamination interlayer, framing the perimeter of the coated substrate and in particular between faces F2 and F3 in first configuration i) or between faces F5 and F6 in second configuration j).

[0061] The thickness Ea of the interlayer frame can be similar to Ef, for example Ef ±50pm or even ±25pm or greater, for example if the lower interlayer of thickness E' is short (same size as the film) edge to edge with the transparent film, then Ea= Ef+ E'±50pm or even ±25pm.

[0062] The intermediate frame layer is in contact with the upper or additional intermediate layer or the other upper intermediate layer and possibly in contact with the lower intermediate layer or the other lower intermediate layer.

[0063] We prefer to choose the same material (PVB in particular or an OCA) for the upper or possible additional interlayer, and lower interlayer.

[0064] Furthermore, this laminated glass is preferably curved. Particularly for opening glazing, it thus features one or more curves, with one or more radii of curvature ranging from 10 cm to 40 m. The curvature can be quite pronounced, especially with high sphericity, meaning at least one radius of curvature of no more than 0.5 m locally. In the case of side-opening glazing, it typically has a width of 40 cm to 80 cm and a radius of curvature of 1.2 m to 4 m.

[0065] In order to avoid creases and undulations, preferably the peripheral area of ​​the coated substrate is in an area of ​​the glazing which has a curvature, a sphericity limited in particular by a radius of curvature of at least 1.5m.

[0066] The thicker the carrier film, the less likely it is to deform and ripple. For example, a thickness of at least 100 µm can be chosen for areas of high sphericity in the glazing.

[0067] The carrier film can have a surface area of ​​at least 1 m in length and / or at least 50 cm in width.

[0068] The carrier film, particularly polymer and even thermoplastic, especially PET, can cover 100% of the glass area (with edges masked from the inside and outside), extending below the visible edge of the glazing (in the door, the bodywork, etc.). Alternatively, the carrier film, particularly polymer and even thermoplastic, especially PET, can cover at least 70%, 80%, 90%, or less than 100% of the glass surface (to be protected at the periphery, notably by a material such as a laminate interlayer).

[0069] The carrier film, in particular polymer (PET), can be of any shape, depending on the design of the glazing, for example with rounded corners etc.

[0070] The carrier film (distinct from or being the lower support) may have a low plasticizer content (for example, at most 20% or 10% or 5%) or no plasticizers.

[0071] The carrier film (separate from or forming part of the underlying support) can be a polymer, particularly a thermoplastic or even a cross-linked polymer, specifically:

[0072] - polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN),

[0073] - polycarbonate (PC),

[0074] - polyacrylate, including thermoplastic, polybutylacrylate, polymethacrylate (PMMA),

[0075] - polyurethane (PU), in cross-linked material,

[0076] - cellulose triacetate (TAC),

[0077] - polyolefin: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE),

[0078] - polyimide, polyamide, a film (coextruded) in P ET-PM MA,

[0079] - poly(vinyl chloride) PVC.

[0080] We prefer PET (easily available) or PEN, a polyacrylate film, or even PC (preferring an interlayer based on PVB without plasticizers or with few plasticizers) or PMMA.

[0081] The carrier film (distinct from or being the lower support) in particular polymer and even PET is preferably of thickness Ef of at least 30pm and / or preferably less than 200pm in particular of no more than 100pm.

[0082] With a PC or PMMA polymer carrier film, it is preferable (for greater chemical compatibility) for the interlayer in contact with it (avoid PVB and, for example, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)). The same applies to the interlayer in contact with the second or third PC or PMMA polymer sheet.

[0083] In particular, the carrier film is a polymer, preferably thermoplastic, especially polyester, polyethylene terephthalate PET, poly(butylene terephthalate) PBT, poly(ethylene naphthalate) PEN, and the optical insulating coating is on the back side of the polymer carrier film.

[0084] For vehicle windows, the most neutral color possible is generally preferred. Also, preferably:

[0085] -the guest host cell (in the clear glass area, outside the area of ​​light extraction means) in a so-called dark state is defined (as such) by colorimetric coordinates a1* and b1* in absolute value in particular of at most 5 or 2, defined in the chromatic space L* a* b* CIE 1976, L1 in particular of at most 70 (light state) or at most 25 (dark state),

[0086] - and / or the glazing (preferably a road vehicle opening side window) with the guest host cell (in the clear glass area, outside the area of ​​light extraction means) in a so-called dark state is defined by colorimetric coordinates a1* and b1* in absolute value, in particular of at most 3 or 2, defined in the L* a* b* CIE 1976 chromatic space, in particular by minimizing (a* 2 + b* 2 ), L1 is notably at most 40 (light state) or at most 10 (dark state).

[0087] For example, the glazing and / or the host-guest cell (and even a peripheral strip or frame) may be gray. However, the first pane of glazing (preferably curved) may be tinted, notably gray or green. In addition to the tint provided (for example, in the off state) by the host-guest cell, the tint of the first pane of glass, the upper interlayer, or an additional interlayer of the lamination can be customized. Specifically, the light transmission and tint can be adjusted.

[0088] Preferably, the guest host cell and / or the glazing with the guest host cell has a blur of less than 5%, or even less than 2% outside the light extraction zone.

[0089] Haze is measured using a hazemeter, for example, the BYK® registered trademark Haze-Gard Plus 4725. The measurement is preferably performed according to the standard method defined in the international standard ASTM D1003.

[0090] Preferably, the electroactive layer is primarily composed of liquid crystals and dichroic dyes, in particular at least 95% by weight of the liquid volume and at most 5% of additives (organic and / or mineral, including polymers) such as, for example, a chiral dopant. The liquid crystals have a predefined orientation in the OFF state governed by their interaction with the alignment layers (equilibrium orientation). In the ON state, when a preferably alternating voltage (for example, 60 Hz, with a peak voltage of 2 to 48 V, with a sinusoidal or square wave) is applied to the electrodes, the orientation of the liquid crystals as well as that of the dichroic dyes are modified: the light is therefore absorbed to a greater or lesser extent depending on the orientation of the dichroic dyes – the cell transitions from a dark state to a light state, or vice versa, with a switching time of at most 1 second.

[0091] Examples of guest host cells are described in request WO2012047843.

[0092] The electroactive layer (the liquid volume) includes spacers which are in particular transparent or opaque, for example black, and / or which are point-like and / or form an interconnected network, polymer-based, spacers in contact with the lower and upper alignment layers.

[0093] Point spacers can be cited as spheres (or cubes or cylinders with a circular base), for example made of glass or polymer, for example with a width of at most 100 or 50 pm and even 30 pm and of at least 8 or 10 pm.

[0094] As spacers forming an interconnected network, a polymer-based network, in particular photolithographed, can be chosen.

[0095] Thus, in particular the guest host cell can be a single cell or a set of sub-cells separated by separators forming an interconnected network (sub-cell of any shape, including geometric: hexagonal or honeycomb, etc.), preferably polymer-based with a width of no more than 100 pm, for example resin network (polymer).

[0096] The characteristic distance of a sub-cell ("pitch" in English) is for example 100 to 20000 pm and / or the width of the interconnector network is for example at most 200 pm to limit its visibility and preferably at least 20 pm (for its realization).

[0097] Examples of glazing with an array of host and guest subcells are given in patent application KR20210051757A. Examples of electroactive layers are also described.

[0098] Furthermore, preferably at least in the clear glass area, the host cell (single cell or subcells) is segmented into several cell regions by at least one electrical discontinuity, in particular of submillimeter width, in particular tens of microns, (possibly with a dielectric filling material) formed in one of the upper or lower electrodes, in particular obtained by laser, each cell region having an electrical supply, in particular disjoint cell regions (single or set of subcells), of identical or distinct shape and / or size. The liquid volume is continuous and covers all the regions.

[0099] In particular for an opening side window, the regions are arranged so that the connectors (for example printed, flat so-called fpc in English) are in the lower part below the visibility limit.

[0100] An example of vehicle glazing with a segmented guest host cell is described in patent application W02024012955.

[0101] More generally, the power supply for any guest cell can be done via a printed, flat connector and / or current supply strips (metallic), including wires, film, printed.

[0102] The thickness of the electroactive layer can be from 1 to 20 µm and even 5 to 15 µm.

[0103] In a given implementation, the guest host cell (segmented or not, single cell or subcells) (and even the carrier film if distinct) covers at least 90% or 95% or 100% of the glass area.

[0104] In another embodiment, the host / guest cell (segmented or not) covers an upper peripheral band (outside the "T-zone") ("sun visor" for the windshield). This area may contain means for extracting light for internal signaling.

[0105] Of course, it is also possible to have several disjoint host-guest cells, for example with a maximum of 10 cm between them. Preferably, the host-guest cells (segmented or not) cover at least 90% or 95% of the glass area.

[0106] Depending on the intended application, the equilibrium orientation of the liquid crystals interacting with the dichroic dyes, the light and dark states will correspond to an ON / OFF or OFF / ON state of electrode energization.

[0107] Alignment layers give liquid crystals a planar or homeotropic anchoring.

[0108] Preferably, the liquid crystals are in the nematic phase (twisted or cholesteric). The liquid volume may contain a chiral agent or dopant.

[0109] Preferably the nematic to isotropic phase transition temperature of the electroactive layer is greater than 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80%, 85% or 90°C or 110°C.

[0110] Preferably the percentage by weight of dichroic dyes is less than the solubility limit, for example at most 10% by weight.

[0111] We can have several dichroic dyes.

[0112] For example, the absorption band is broad and flat (homogeneous) over at least 200 or 300 nm in the visible spectrum. Preferably, the glazing is free of polarizing films.

[0113] One might prefer a normally dark state of the glazing when light transmission is lowest in the absence of voltage, while by applying voltage, the glazing will become clear.

[0114] Preferably, the alignment layers allow for planar anchoring (uniform, to minimize blur and homogenize switching time). In the OFF state, the liquid crystals (nematics) and dichroic dyes are (approximately) parallel to the plane of the glazing (or substrate). In the ON state, the liquid crystals (nematics) and dichroic dyes are (approximately) aligned with the electric field. In the ON state, the liquid crystals (nematics) and dichroic dyes are (approximately) perpendicular to the plane of the glazing.

[0115] Alternatively, the glazing can be in a normally clear state when light transmission is highest in the absence of voltage between the electrodes (OFF state), thus allowing vision through the glazing. Conversely, the dark state of the glazing corresponds to the application of voltage to the electrodes (ON state), causing a reorientation of the liquid crystals and a change in light transmission (becoming lower). The alignment layers form a homeotropic anchor. In the OFF state, the liquid crystals (nematics) and the dichroic dyes are (approximately) perpendicular to the plane of the glazing.

[0116] In particular for a side glazing, especially an opening one, the host-guest cell (9) has a dark state in the off or OFF state and a light state in the on or ON state, the alignment layers being homeotropic.

[0117] The lower and upper supports are for example flexible, polymer (PET etc) for example of no more than 200pm, or glass for example of no more than 400pm.

[0118] The guest host cell (single or set of sub-cells, segmented or not) has a first edge in particular set back from the first slice and / or the second slice, in particular all or part under a peripheral internal masking layer (enamel or ink) closer to the second face than the guest host cell, detailed later.

[0119] Furthermore, the guest host cell (single or set of sub-cells, segmented or not) may be recessed from the first edge of the first glass sheet, and a peripheral external seal surrounding the perimeter of the first edge of the guest host cell, preferably an external seal which is a thermoplastic adhesive layer forming a frame layer, is in particular in contact with:

[0120] - the upper interlayer, extending beyond the edge of the guest host cell, the outer seal and the upper interlayer are preferably PVB-based,

[0121] - or in contact with the second face (bare or coated).

[0122] The external joint may include an opaque area, or be an opaque frame.

[0123] The external seal is preferably offset, in whole or in part, from a pane of glass.

[0124] And possibly the external seal is in contact with:

[0125] - the lower intercalated layer, protruding from the host-guest cell,

[0126] - or in contact with the third face (bare or coated).

[0127] The outer joint (clear, tinted, or opaque PVB), if sufficiently thick, can also form a frame layer (made of PVB, for example) of the coated substrate, with a size identical to that of the host cell. However, it is preferable not to overlap their edges, favoring a coated substrate that is larger than the lower support (the host cell).

[0128] The external joint is preferably at least a few mm wide and preferably no more than 1 cm.

[0129] Furthermore, the guest host cell may include an internal seal, preferably made of cross-linked polymer (epoxy, etc.), surrounding (and in contact with) the electroactive layer and between the lower and upper supports. The internal seal is typically no more than 1 cm wide, ideally 2 to 6 mm. The external seal (preferably PVB-based) is preferably in contact with this internal seal.

[0130] It is preferable that this internal seal be concealed from the outside and even from the inside, within the visible portion of the glazing – particularly along one longitudinal (upper) edge and the lateral edges. An edge – especially a lower longitudinal edge – of this internal seal (and even of the carrier film separate from the lower support) may be below a lower visibility limit of the glazing, for a side-opening glazing unit.

[0131] A side window in a road vehicle door is movable in translation relative to the door, approximately along the vertical axis, between an open position in which the window is located entirely or almost entirely inside the door, and a closed position in which the window closes off a section of the door. In the closed position, this window thus creates a vertical separation between an interior space inside the vehicle and an exterior space outside the vehicle.

[0132] A weatherstrip can define the top of the door frame within which the glass slides when the window is closed, and can even define the lower limit of the glass's visibility. Above the weatherstrip, the vehicle door may have at least one frameless section. Thus, it is possible for the door to:

[0133] - does not have a front side pillar and that it is the adjacent bodywork section, otherwise known as the "A-pillar", that guides the glazing, and / or

[0134] - does not have a rear side pillar and it is the adjacent bodywork part, otherwise called "the B-pillar" or "B-pillar" in English, that guides the glazing.

[0135] In an embodiment, particularly for a side (opening) glazing, preferably in the visible part of the glazing (predetermined or in position mounted in the vehicle, in a door), the glazing includes means for masking the outside of the first edge and the internal joint and even the other second edge of the optical insulating coating, called internal masking means, and preferably includes means for masking the inside of the vehicle called internal masking means for the outside of the first edge and the internal joint.

[0136] The internal limit of the external masking means defines a clear window area.

[0137] External masking methods include a peripheral internal masking layer, notably opaque (black, grey, etc.), which is

[0138] - a coating (opaque, black, grey) on face F2, in particular enamel, (in particular enamel on face F2) - or even a coating on the upper support (side face F2)-, or a coating (polymer, resin) on the upper interlayer (preferably PVB-based),

[0139] - (and / )or an opaque interlayer (preferably PVB-based, black etc.) butted with the upper interlayer (preferably PVB-based), called short, set back from the first layer.

[0140] The internal peripheral masking layer, in particular coating (enamel) on face F2 or interlayer layer, can be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing (first edge for example) or even up to the edge.

[0141] Ideally, interior masking methods should include a peripheral inner masking layer, preferably opaque (black, gray, etc.). This layer can be:

[0142] - a coating (opaque, black, grey), on face F3 or F4, in particular enamel, or a coating (polymer, resin) on an interlayer of laminate (PVB-based), under the lower support - in particular on the lower interlayer or an additional interlayer between the lower interlayer and the lower support or on an interlayer frame

[0143] - (and / )or an opaque interlayer (preferably PVB-based, black, etc.) of the lamination interlayer, under the lower support, in particular an additional interlayer between the lower interlayer and the lower support or on an interlayer frame layer.

[0144] In particular, when the carrier film is distinct from the lower support, an additional interlayer is shorter than the guest host cell and an opaque frame layer forms the peripheral inner masking layer.

[0145] The internal peripheral masking layer, coating on face F4 or interlayer layer, can be 2mm or 3mm (less than 5mm) from the edge of the glazing (second slice for example) or even up to the edge.

[0146] Naturally, the internal masking layer is designed so as not to interfere with light injection into the glazing or with light guidance, at least upstream of the extraction mechanisms (and even including them). Therefore, the internal masking layer is absent from the light injection zone and the guidance zone, at least upstream of the light extraction mechanisms (and even including them). The glazing may be a side-opening (particularly sliding) window, especially at the rear, with the internal seal and the other edge having a lower longitudinal border below the lower visibility limit of the glazing (in the mounted position), defined in particular by the door or even by a longitudinal (horizontal) seal. The peripheral internal masking layer comprises:

[0147] - a longitudinal upper (internal) masking band (external), preferably horizontal, coated over an interlayer or (enamel) on face F2

[0148] - or even one or two internal side masking strips, preferably coating on an interlayer, preferably coating on an interlayer or (enamel) on face F2.

[0149] And preferably, the peripheral inner masking layer includes:

[0150] - an inner upper longitudinal masking strip preferably congruent with the upper longitudinal masking strip, preferably coating on an interlayer or (enamel) on face F3 (or even F4)

[0151] - or even one or more internal side masking strips preferably congruent with the internal side masking strip(s), preferably coating on an interlayer or (enamel) on face F3 (or even F4).

[0152] Preferably, the peripheral internal masking layer (the strip(s)) overlaps the electroactive layer by no more than 10 mm, 5 mm, or 1 mm, and ideally does not extend beyond the internal joint (its inner edge).

[0153] In the present invention, an optical density of at least 2 and / or a TL of at most 1% or even 0.1% is preferred for an opaque element.

[0154] Preferably, the width of the internal masking layer (upper longitudinal strip, side strips, etc.) – coating, opaque PVB – is at least 15 mm or 20 mm, and at most 40 mm for side glazing, particularly opening (and rear) glazing. Similarly, the width of the internal masking layer (upper longitudinal strip, side strips, etc.) – coating, opaque PVB – is preferably at least 15 mm or 20 mm, and at most 50 mm for side glazing, particularly opening (and rear) glazing.

[0155] In the case of a side-opening window, the peripheral masking layer does not need to be completely opaque. The tint of the internal peripheral masking layer (strip(s), frame) can be adjusted to match the tint of the clear glass in the side window when darkened. Alternatively, the tint of an intermediate frame layer (preferably PVB) can be adjusted to match the tint of the clear glass in the darkened state.

[0156] We can define a colorimetric difference AE* between the lateral glazing with the invited host cell in the dark state in the clear part of the glazing and the internal masking layer, which is given by the following formula: AE* = (AL* 2 + Aa* 2 + Ab* 2 ), preferably AE* being less than 4, better AE* less than 2.

[0157] The peripheral masking layer can form a frame, often black. Specifically, it is used to create an opaque border around the entire perimeter to conceal bodywork elements or seals, or to protect adhesives for vehicle assembly.

[0158] In particular, a light source for optical guidance, even with a light redirection element (reflective prismatic film or transparency), faces the internal peripheral masking layer. This internal peripheral masking layer is offset from the light injection zone and the useful light-guiding zone. The width of the internal peripheral masking layer along the sides of a road vehicle's opening window may vary around the perimeter.

[0159] For example: the width of the internal (and even interior) masking layer along the longitudinal edges can be at most 30cm, in particular 10-20cm, the width of the internal (and even interior) masking layer along one lateral edge can be at most 40cm or 30cm, in particular at least 1 or 5cm and along the other lateral edge at most 60cm or 40cm, in particular at least 1 or 5cm.

[0160] The width of the inner masking layer can be greater than that of the inner masking layer. The inner masking layer may be congruent with, or narrower than, the width of the inner masking layer.

[0161] The internal and / or internal peripheral masking layer in the form of a coating can be an organic or mineral binder (fused glass frit) with an organic or inorganic coloring agent, including molecular dye or inorganic pigment.

[0162] The internal and / or internal peripheral masking layer in the form of a coating is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).

[0163] The internal peripheral masking layer in the form of a coating on face F4 may be adjacent to a possible functional coating on face F4, in particular athermal (low emissive), which is at least in the clear part of the glass.

[0164] The glazing can be single laminated glazing (preferably for a side opening glazing) or double (two interlayers of laminates).

[0165] In a first configuration, referred to as i), preferred—particularly for the side glazing due to compactness—the coated substrate is laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3. The second layer has a refractive index n1 in the visible spectrum, preferably at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53, and especially ng = n1 (the guiding layer includes, and is even, the second layer, particularly in extra-clear glass). Preferably, in this first configuration i), the lower interlayer (preferably untinted, colorless, or otherwise clear) with a refractive index n3 in the visible spectrum is in adhesive contact with the third face F3 or with a functional transparent coating on the face F3 (in the clear spectrum), particularly if n1 > n3 and n1-n3 is preferably less than 0.05.n2 is less than n1 (and even n3), the difference in refractive indices n1-n2 being at least 0.06 in the visible, and better at least one of the following values: 0.07, 0.08.

[0166] In a second configuration, referred to as j), the vehicle glazing comprises a third sheet, made of mineral glass or polymer sheet, with a fifth principal face F5, a sixth principal face F6, and a third layer, with a visible refractive index n'1 preferably of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53. The third sheet is bonded to the second sheet via another lamination interlayer comprising another upper interlayer and another lower interlayer in contact with the fifth face F5 and with a visible refractive index n'3. In configuration j), the coated substrate is located between the other upper and lower interlayers of said other lamination interlayer. In particular, ng = n'1 (the guiding layer comprises and is itself the third sheet). The coated carrier film (of the substrate) is then relatively far from the third sheet.However, the third layer can be a light-extraction layer (guided between the optical insulating coating and the extraction zone), for example, diffusing or textured. The third layer (preferably curved) is at least 0.7 mm thick (to facilitate light guidance), possibly less than the first glass layer, even by as little as 2.2 mm – specifically 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm, and 1.4 mm – or even by as little as 1.3 mm or 1 mm. The third layer is preferably made of extra-clear glass or a highly transparent polymer.

[0167] Regarding the lamination interlayer, several configurations are possible.

[0168] The lower (clear) and / or upper (clear or tinted) interlayer, or any other interlayer, preferably a sheet, is thermoplastic or crosslinked adhesive material, preferably selected from polymers based on: poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (thermoplastic or crosslinked), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or an ionomer. An example of a monomer resin is marketed by Kuraray under the registered trademark SentryGlas®. The lower (clear) and / or upper (clear or tinted) crosslinked adhesive layer is, for example, a polyacrylate sheet.

[0169] An interlayer (laminate) may include a plasticizer preferably containing triethylene glycol-bis-(2-ethylhexanoate). Other preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins, and camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol. 3G7, 3G8, or 4G7 are particularly preferred as plasticizers, the first number indicating the number of ethylene glycol units and the last number the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid portion of the compound.

[0170] The preferably upper interlayer can be made of UV-resistant PVB, for example Eastman's UV-resistant PVB, designated RU41, for example to protect the electroactive layer.

[0171] The laminate interlayer (one of the lower, upper, or additional interlayer layers) can be acoustic, specifically comprising or being made of acoustic PVB (three-layer, four-layer, etc.). Thus, the laminate interlayer can comprise at least one middle layer made of a viscoelastic plastic material with vibro-acoustic damping properties, notably based on polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer, and further comprising two outer layers of standard PVB, with the middle layer sandwiched between the two outer layers. Examples include the acoustic PVBs described in patent applications WO2012 / 025685 and WO2013 / 175101, particularly the tinted version described in WO2015079159.

[0172] The upper interlayer can be tinted, in particular with a light transmission known as TL of up to 73%, in particular tinted PVB.

[0173] An additional interlayer, between the lower (clear) and upper interlayer, can be tinted, in particular, with a TL of up to 73%, or even with a minimum of 13% (for example, to integrate a functional film, the guest host cell).

[0174] Examples of commercial tinted films based on PVB and plasticizers and with inorganic pigments have, for example, TLs of approximately 6%, 13%, 27%, 73%.

[0175] The lower (clear) intercalated layer can notably have a TL of at least 90% and better at least 95% or 97%.

[0176] The lower interlayer (notably PVB or even a cross-linked polymer adhesive) can be the same size as the coated substrate (a framing layer may be necessary depending on the thickness of the coated substrate, particularly from 100 or 200 µm) and / or the guest host cell, or be larger than the coated substrate and / or the guest host cell. The upper or additional interlayer, or a framing interlayer, can be applied to protect the edges of the coated substrate. In particular, when the lower substrate carries the optical insulating coating, the lower interlayer (notably PVB or even a cross-linked polymer adhesive) can be the same size as the guest host cell (a framing layer is necessary depending on the thickness of the guest host cell, particularly from 100 or 200 µm) or larger than the guest host cell.

[0177] And / or the upper interlayer (in particular PVB or even crosslinked polymer adhesive material) can be the same size as the guest host cell (a framing layer is required depending on the thickness of the guest host cell, especially from 100 or 200 µm) or larger than the guest host cell.

[0178] An interlayer frame, preferably thermoplastic and even PVB-based (with or without plasticizers), can be one or more sheets depending on the desired thickness and / or tint (clear and / or tinted or even opaque sheet).

[0179] The tinted spacer that is entirely or partially within the clear glass is preferably grey.

[0180] The frame spacer outside the tinted glass can be grey, black (opaque or almost opaque), preferably thermoplastic and even PVB-based (with or without plasticizers) especially the frame layer.

[0181] For the lamination interlayer (respectively the other lamination interlayer), a solution of "all PVB" in sheets, or a solution with PVB except for the lower interlayer layer of crosslinked adhesive material (OCA), film or coating, from a liquid adhesive resin that can be crosslinked, especially when the second sheet is made of glass (respectively the third sheet of glass) or polymer (PC, PMMA), especially with an index of n3 (or n'3) greater than 1.42.

[0182] For this lower interlayer, we can cite as a crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin the acrylate-based adhesive resin for example in particular the product called UZ181A (refractive index 1.47) from the company AKChemTeck.

[0183] In another example of a lower interlayer in the form of a crosslinked polymer adhesive coating, a crosslinkable ultraviolet (UV) mercapto ester-based resin, the product named NOA 65 from the Norland company with a refractive index of 1.524, is deposited.

[0184] In another example of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer in the form of a crosslinked polymer adhesive coating, a one-component UV-curable resin based on polyfluorene with an acrylate function is deposited, the product named Shin-A SBPF-022 with a refractive index of 1.60.

[0185] The lower interlayer may include or even be a cross-linked polymer film of at least 30pm or 40pm or 50pm.

[0186] In particular, the lower interlayer is a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) film, which bonds by contact after the application of mechanical pressure.

[0187] In particular, the lower interlayer of crosslinked polymer is a crosslinked polymer film, notably of at least 30 µm, which is preferably in adhesive contact with the third face F3 and, in particular:

[0188] - pressure-sensitive film, preferably chosen from acrylate- or silicone-based polymers,

[0189] - or a so-called post-adhesive film of partially photo-crosslinked polymer before assembly and photo-crosslinked (with continued photo-crosslinking) after assembly, and preferably a so-called post-adhesive film based on acrylate.

[0190] As an example of an acrylate-based PSA film, we can mention the product called CS986 (refractive index 1.49) from the company Nitto.

[0191] In the first configuration i) the lower laminated interlayer is in particular clear, in particular thermoplastic and / or crosslinked adhesive material, preferably selected from: EVA, TPU, PVB with at least 20% by weight of plasticizers preferably of a thickness of at least 200µm and at most 1 mm, or PVB with less than 20% by weight of plasticizers or without plasticizers preferably of at most 100µm and in particular of a thickness of at least 25µm, and the second sheet is of extra-clear mineral glass or PMMA or polycarbonate (PC).

[0192] In the second configuration j) the other lower interlayer is in particular clear and thermoplastic chosen from: EVA, TPU, PVB with plasticizers of thickness of no more than 380pm, PVB or little or without plasticizers of thickness of no more than 100pm or 50pm and even of at least 20pm, and the third sheet is of extra clear mineral glass or PMMA or PC.

[0193] The laminated glazing according to the invention may include one of the following sequences (strict or open):

[0194] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear with possible electroconductive coating, infrared (IR) reflector, UV filter element, etc. on face F2) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / guest host cell / additional (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / coated substrate / lower (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass sheet (extra-clear),

[0195] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear with possible electroconductive coating, IR reflector on face F2 and UV filter element) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / guest host cell / additional (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / coated substrate / lower (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (preferably TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC),

[0196] - First glass sheet (tinted or clear with optional electroconductive coating, IR-reflective on face F2, UV-filtering element on face F2) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU, or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / guest host cell / lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU, or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / second glass or polymer sheet (PMMA, PC) / another upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU, or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / coated substrate / another lower (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU, or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate, etc.) / third glass sheet (extra-clear). For example, preferably:

[0197] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear with possible electroconductive coating, IR reflector on face F2, UV filtering element) / upper thermoplastic PVB interlayer (clear or tinted) / guest host cell / additional (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / coated substrate / lower (clear) thermoplastic PVB interlayer or adhesive cross-linked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) with possible diffusing coating on the back face or face F3 / second glass sheet (extra clear),

[0198] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear with possible electroconductive coating, reflecting IR on face F2 and UV filtering element) / upper thermoplastic PVB interlayer / guest host cell / additional (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / coated substrate / lower thermoplastic interlayer (preferably TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC),

[0199] - first glass sheet (tinted or clear with possible electroconductive coating, reflecting IR on face F2 and UV filtering element) / upper thermoplastic interlayer PVB or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (OCA) / guest host cell / lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second glass sheet / another upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / coated substrate / another lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / third glass sheet (extra clear).

[0200] According to one embodiment, the coated substrate being laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3 and distinct from the lower support, the lamination interlayer comprises an additional interlayer, the coated substrate being between the additional interlayer and the lower interlayer, and preferably in contact (adhesive) with the additional interlayer and:

[0201] - the additional interlayer, which is thermoplastic and even PVB-based or made of cross-linked adhesive material, is in contact with the lower substrate,

[0202] - or the lamination interlayer has another additional interlayer, made of cross-linked adhesive material, in contact with the lower support and the additional interlayer, and the additional interlayer is thermoplastic and even PVB-based.

[0203] In a particular embodiment (of configuration i) – notably when there is no additional interlayer – the lower support (of the guest host cell) forms the carrier film, with the optical insulating coating on the rear face Fb of the carrier film. Alternatively, with the coated substrate laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3 and distinct from the lower support, the second edge extends beyond the first edge, for example, by at least 1 mm or 5 mm, and even by at most 10 cm, 5 cm, or 1 cm.

[0204] In particular, (the coated substrate being laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3 and ng=n1), the lower support forms the carrier film, with the optical insulating coating on the rear face Fb of the carrier film. The lower interlayer, which is clear, for example thermoplastic or a cross-linked adhesive material, is then preferably in contact with the optical insulating coating. If necessary, the lamination interlayer includes an additional interlayer, made of a cross-linked adhesive material, between the optical insulating coating and the lower interlayer, which is thermoplastic, clear, for example PVB or even EVA.

[0205] More generally, it is preferred that the optical insulating coating be on the back side (Fb) of the carrier film. Depending on the characteristic, at least one element is tinted among the first glass sheet, the upper interlayer of the lamination interlayer (or even the second glass sheet, and another upper interlayer of the lamination interlayer if there is a third glass sheet). The tinted layer of the lamination interlayer is, for example, made of PVB (polyvinyl butyral), notably tinted gray.

[0206] Any interlayer layer in a laminate can be thermoplastic or a crosslinked adhesive, often transparent (designated as OCA for "Optical Clear Adhesive"). OCAs are typically acrylic, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyurethane (PU), or epoxy. The transparent adhesive (OCA) can be deposited in a solid, pressure-sensitive form (PSA film), or in a liquid form (LOCA) and cured during the lamination process, forming an interlayer layer after curing. In the following description, "OCA" refers to OCA deposited in either a solid or liquid (LOCA) state. The curing mechanism of liquid OCA depends on its composition; some OCAs cure under the application of energy, such as ultraviolet light, while others cure at room temperature with the addition of a hardener.Depending on one characteristic, the upper interlayer and / or the lower interlayer and / or the additional interlayer are made of PVB (polyvinyl butyral), with or without plasticizers (preferably with plasticizers for the upper and additional interlayers). In a preferred example, the upper interlayer and the lower or additional interlayer in contact with the guest host cell are made of PVB, with or without plasticizers (preferably with plasticizers for the upper or additional interlayer). In particular, a PVB thickness of at least 0.3 mm and preferably at most 0.7 mm is chosen.

[0207] Advantageously, one of the upper and lower or additional interlayers in contact with the guest host cell is an adhesive layer of cross-linked polymer material (clear or tinted), and the other of the upper and lower interlayers in contact with the guest host cell is a PVB-based layer—with or without plasticizers (preferably with plasticizers for the upper or additional interlayer). In particular, a PVB thickness of at least 0.3 mm and preferably no more than 0.7 mm is chosen.

[0208] In particular, the upper interlayer is in contact with the upper substrate; an interlayer of laminated contact material, in particular lower or other layer, is in contact with the lower substrate, which is bare or coated with at least the optical insulating coating and even surmounted by a diffusing coating:

[0209] - one of the upper interlayer and the contact interlayer is an adhesive layer made of cross-linked polymer material, and the other of the upper interlayer and the contact interlayer is a PVB-based layer,

[0210] - or the top interlayer is a PVB-based layer and the contact interlayer is a PVB-based layer.

[0211] For example:

[0212] - the upper interlayer, the lower interlayer and the additional interlayer are made of PVB,

[0213] - the upper interlayer, the lower interlayer, and the additional interlayer are made of cross-linked polymer,

[0214] - The upper and lower interlayers are made of PVB, and the additional interlayer is made of cross-linked polymer.

[0215] - the upper interlayer is made of cross-linked polymer, the lower interlayer is made of PVB and the additional interlayer is made of PVB.

[0216] In the present invention, the term crosslinked polymer refers to the family of thermosetting polymers in the broad sense (any crosslinking method).

[0217] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention can contain at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s) and even at most 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1% of additives.

[0218] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention may contain a main polymer (or base polymer) of at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s).

[0219] A crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention may include other additives (preferably less than 10%, 5%, or 1% by weight of layer) such as at least one of the following:

[0220] - crosslinking agent, for example, photoinitiators (residuals),

[0221] - plasticizers (for greater flexibility), - adhesion promoters,

[0222] - Additives for durability.

[0223] The degree of polymerization or even crosslinking of a crosslinked polymer adhesive layer according to the invention is not necessarily 100%; the material may therefore contain residual prepolymers, monomers, and oligomers. The layer can be analyzed by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) after crosslinking to determine the degree of polymerization.

[0224] For example, for a frame layer, an example of opaque PVB containing black pigments is the product called RB17830000 Vaneeva absolute black® sold by Saflex.

[0225] In particular, the upper and / or lower interlayer and / or additional interlayer may be a cross-linked polymer adhesive layer, notably of the acrylic, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyurethane (PU), or epoxy type. The transparent adhesive material (OCA) may be deposited in solid form, or in liquid form and cured during the lamination process.

[0226] Laminated glazing may include UV blockers or absorbers or UV reflectors that filter ultraviolet radiation, particularly to preserve the host cell over time.

[0227] Also in one example of implementation, a UV filter is between the upper support and face F2; in particular: -is a (thin) layer on face F1 or F2 of the first sheet of glass, or even on the upper support (side face F2),

[0228] -or is the upper intercalated layer.

[0229] When the UV filter is an interlayer, it is for example a film made of polymeric material which is based on at least one polymer chosen from the following polymers: polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), adhesive crosslinked polymer material.

[0230] The thickness of the polymeric film with UV filter function is preferably between 0.02 mm and 2 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

[0231] Advantageously, to further increase luminance:

[0232] - the difference in refractive indices ng-n2 (n1-n2 or n'1 -n2) is at least 0.08 in the visible range and preferably at least one of the following values: 0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35,

[0233] - the thickness Ei is at least 800nm, 900nm, 1 pm and preferably less than or equal to one of the following values: 10pm, 5pm, 3pm, 2pm.

[0234] For mechanical strength (especially if low index nanoparticles and / or porosities in the optical insulating coating) and / or depending on product availability (less easy at very low index), one may want to limit the difference in refractive indices ng-n2 (n1-n2 or n'1 -n2) and choose at most 0.2 or at most 0.15 and preferably at least 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, this in particular for n1 or n'1 from 1.5 to 1.53 (with second or third glass sheet).

[0235] The carrier film (and possibly the lower interlayer, second sheet, or even another lower interlayer, third sheet) has a blur of no more than 1°, or even 0.5° (outside areas with light extraction mechanisms). Inclusions and pinholes are best avoided.

[0236] In particular, with n1 of 1.5 to 1.53 in the visible spectrum (like a sheet of glass), especially at 600nm and preferably from 500nm to 750nm and even from 380nm to 750nm, n2 and / or the average index n2 m may be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.42, 1.41, 1.40, 1.39, 1.38, 1.37, 1.36, 1.35, 1.34, 1.33, 1.32, 1.31, 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26, 1.25, 1.2, 1.19, 1.18, 1.16, 1.17, 1.15.

[0237] In particular with n1 of at least 1.55 in the visible, the refractive index n2 in the visible especially at 600nm and preferably from 500nm to 750nm and even from 380nm to 750nm can also be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.50, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47.

[0238] The optical insulating coating can occupy at least 80%, 90%, 95% and even 100% (non-edged) of the surface of the carrier film (deposition face), especially polymer film (and even thermoplastic), particularly which is the lower support (lower electrode).

[0239] The optical insulating coating can have good adhesion to the carrier film (substrate) according to the invention, preferably polymer (and even thermoplastic, in particular without plasticizer).

[0240] For example, the carrier film (possibly the lower support) preferably polymer (better thermoplastic especially without plasticizer and even polyester, PET) has on the deposition face (Fa or Fb) a smooth face, a low surface roughness (especially parameter Rz) of no more than 1 pm.

[0241] For optimal optical quality, the thickness Ei of the optical isolating coating varies by no more than ±5%. The Ei thickness is preferably kept as low as possible to avoid high material costs without compromising optical performance.

[0242] The optical insulating coating is transparent but can be tinted or clear, in particular having (on its own) a light transmission of at least 80% or at least 90%.

[0243] The optical insulating coating preferably extends throughout the clear (central) part of the glazing, its edge (called second other edge) being notably under a masking frame layer (ink or enamel, opaque such as black, etc.) closer to face F2 than the latter, which is a full opaque layer and possibly with discontinuous opaque patterns (gradient for more transparency towards the center), detailed later.

[0244] The optical insulating coating is preferably a continuous layer (mineral or organic or hybrid, especially with low index nanoparticles, for example hollow silica) which occupies all the clear glass and even all or part of the coated Fa or Fb face.

[0245] For example the carrier film has, on the side of the light injection, a marginal area without the optical insulating coating of at most 4mm or 1 mm (in particular frame or on one or more sides forming one or more marginal bands).

[0246] The optical insulating coating is simply a monolayer but can be manufactured in one or more passes (by liquid process).

[0247] The optical insulating coating can be topped with a functional layer, such as a protective layer: a diffusion barrier and / or mechanical protection, for example, a film no more than 100 µm thick and at least 30 µm thick, or a coating no more than 10 µm thick. An optical insulating coating can be chosen with a matrix (organic, mineral) and low-index nanoparticles (or hollow and / or porous) with a dense overlayer (organic, mineral) of the same matrix.

[0248] Preferably, particularly to simplify manufacturing, the optical insulating coating on the carrier film, preferably a thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer, can be organic, a crosslinked polymer, or a thermoplastic, and the protective overlayer organic, for example, a thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer. In a first embodiment, the optical insulating coating is on the back side Fb, and the carrier film (substrate), particularly a polymer and even PET, is clear or tinted. In a second embodiment, the optical insulating coating is on the front side Fa, and the carrier film, particularly a polymer and even PET, is clear, and has a refractive index n4 greater than n2 (and even greater than ng, n3, and n1, or n'3 and n'1). For example, n4-n2 of at least 0.05 or even one of the following values: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3.

[0249] The carrier film according to the invention, preferably polymer, not sticking to the glass, is in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer (respectively with the other lamination interlayer) which links the first and second sheets (respectively second and third sheets).

[0250] According to one characteristic, the light injection (from one or more light sources) is, in a lower part of the glazing, under the optical insulating coating (therefore in the direction of face F4). Preferably (in configuration i) injection into the second layer and / or the lower interlayer or (in configuration j)) into a possible third layer or even under the third layer (notably via face F6, light refracted into the third layer).

[0251] In configuration i), this light injection can be via an internal wall of a hole (through) in the second sheet or with injection through the (second) slice of the second sheet (in particular the second glass sheet is shorter or has a recess to place the light source) or via the fourth face F4, light refracted in the second sheet, as detailed later)

[0252] In configuration j), this light injection can be via an internal wall of a through-hole in the third sheet, or by injection through the (third) edge of the third sheet (in particular, the third glass sheet is shorter or has a recess to accommodate the light source), or via face F6, with the light refracted into the third sheet. The third sheet can be locally textured or diffusive and even thick enough to facilitate injection, for example, by using a polymer sheet (polymethacrylate, PMMA, etc.).

[0253] The glazing may include (for light injection) one or more light sources (peripheral, adjacent and / or opposite edges, particularly longitudinal), notably comprising one or more series of diodes. Optionally, each series of diodes is directly coupled to the second (respectively third) pane of glass – notably via the edge or through the fourth face F4- (respectively F6) – or is coupled to an additional external guide for light injection into the glazing, for example, an optical extraction fiber with a light exit zone along the edge of the second (respectively third) pane.

[0254] In the case of a side window, particularly a sliding one, a longitudinal series of diodes is preferred (diodes arranged near the lower longitudinal edge, below the visibility limit, preferably linked to the glazing and even to a main face F2 or F4). A longitudinal series of diodes can be in the form of several diode strips joined or separated (or even connected), preferably aligned.

[0255] In particular, the luminance extracted from the laminated glazing is at least 2 cd / m² 2 and even at least 10 or 20 cd / m 2 Contrast (user experience) is improved in dark mode.

[0256] In particular, the light source positioned opposite F4 (in the door) is at most 25 mm thick. Several light injection configurations (for guidance within the guide layer) are possible. In one embodiment, in the first configuration (i), the glazing may include a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, which is optically coupled with the guide layer (preferably the second sheet of glass, preferably mineral glass):

[0257] - by a light redirection element, -local-, reflective light redirection element and third main face F3 or transparent light redirection element on fourth main face F4,

[0258] - by all or part of the second tranche,

[0259] - or through a wall of a hole (through-thickness, closed) in the second layer (or several walls of several holes), in particular a hole offset from a clear window, facing an internal masking layer. In the case of light injection through the second layer, the light source is coupled to the edge of the second layer, possibly in a through-hole peripheral notch. The light source can be housed in a polymer encapsulation as described in patent application WO2010049638, particularly in Figure 15 or Figure 16 of that patent application, and may even have a recess for removal or replacement of the source.

[0260] In the case of light injection via an internal wall of a hole, the second sheet, particularly one made of mineral glass, has at least one peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face F4 at least) and the light source is coupled to the wall of the second sheet delimiting the hole, preferably housed within the hole. The light source, particularly diodes, can be inside the hole, or can be combined with an optical element (guiding the light) between the injection wall and the light source in the hole or inside the passenger compartment. Examples of implementations described in patents WO2018 / 178591 and WO2013 / 110885 can be cited. The peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face F4 at least) is concealed within the door for an opening side window.Alternatively, in the second configuration j), the light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, is optically coupled with the third sheet by all or part of the third slice called the injection slice, possibly with a notch housing the source or preferably the injection slice (longitudinal or lateral), set back at least 10 mm and at most 200 mm from the second slice, thus leaving an area called the overhanging area of ​​the second sheet, the light source being under or even fixed to the overhanging area.

[0261] In the case of light injection by relocating the (each) light source to the passenger compartment side (F4 side or even F6 side in configuration j)), preferably the peripheral light redirection element(s) (preferably prismatic) is:

[0262] -reflector and third face F3 in particular prismatic, comprising reflecting prisms notably oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2,

[0263] -or transparent on the fourth main face F4 in particular comprising a macroprism or transparent prisms, preferably prism(s) oriented towards the passenger compartment.

[0264] Each light source is then opposite or offset from the fourth main face F4 (or F6 in configuration j)) in particular direct optical coupling or via optics, in particular light source and light redirection element offset by a clear pane of glass, facing an internal masking layer.

[0265] An optical element (collimation element, etc.) can be placed between each light source and the fourth face F4 (or F6 in j configuration), specifically an optical element fixed to the fourth face F4 (or F6 in j configuration). The light source can be fixed to the fourth face F4 (or F6 in j configuration). The principal direction of the light source's radiation (before or after collimation) can be adjusted.

[0266] In particular, the coated substrate being laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3, the laminated glazing comprises a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, which is on the fourth face F4 (and even on the face F6 for configuration j)), and coupled to a light redirection element (local, peripheral), -redirection in the guidance layer- which is:

[0267] - a prismatic reflecting element, on the third face F3 side (and even on the face F5 side), particularly opposite the light source, including reflecting prisms oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2 (and even oriented towards the face F5 or towards the face F6),

[0268] - a transparent redirection element on the fourth main face F4 (and even face F6), in particular prismatic, comprising prisms between the source and the face F4, or a (macro)prism adjacent to the light source (in particular diodes preferably with side emission).

[0269] The redirected light propagates between the fourth face F4 and the optical insulating coating.

[0270] For example, the (macro)prism is based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), cyclic olefin (COC, COP) (co)polymer.

[0271] A prismatic element (with microprisms) is preferred for reasons of space, particularly for a side window (opening).

[0272] The light redirection element is notably on the third face F3 (in the first configuration i)) is notably in contact with the laminate interlayer or with a local adhesive, in particular a prismatic reflective polymer film.

[0273] Preferably, in order to avoid generating stray light escaping towards the second face F2 and diffusing, (the inner edge of) the light redirection element (peripheral) which is transparent and on the fourth main face F4 (for example, a prismatic element comprising prisms or a macroprism, of triangular cross-section, any other element: quadrilateral etc.) or is a reflective prismatic element (in particular a film) on the third face F3, comprising reflective prisms, in particular oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, preferably offset from the guest host cell, and the light redirection element is:

[0274] - at least partially opposite the optical insulating coating,

[0275] - or at most 4mm, preferably at most 1mm, from the optical insulating coating.

[0276] - and / or the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, in particular a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms, arranged on the third face F3 between face F2 and face F3, which is offset from the guest host cell, away from the first edge of the guest host cell, in particular by at least 1 mm.

[0277] Preferably (in the first configuration i)), the light redirecting reflector element is a prismatic reflector element, preferably above at most 30 pm of the coated face of the optical insulating coating or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3.

[0278] The base or apex of the prisms of the reflecting prismatic element, in particular reflecting prismatic film, is preferably above at most 30pm of the coated face or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3.

[0279] The reflective light redirection element may comprise a prismatic (textured) film (with a smooth (non-textured, non-functional) main surface and a textured, functional opposite surface), flexible and therefore curved to adapt to the curvature of the laminated glass. In particular:

[0280] -a partially structured transparent polymer film forming (micro)prisms -and with a reflective coating (metallic, silver, aluminum) forming a conformal deposit-

[0281] -or a transparent (planar) polymer film, forming a substrate, with a main surface containing a transparent (polymer) layer with an arrangement of (micro)prisms and a reflective coating forming a conformal deposit. The (micro)prisms (reflectors) are oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2 (in the first configuration i)). The reflective coating is thus oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2.

[0282] The reflective light redirection element (comprising a textured film, particularly a prismatic polymer film, or a substrate film, particularly a polymer film and a textured, prismatic layer, as well as a reflective coating) can be bonded to the third face F3 directly or via at least one adhesive, or held by suction (strong interaction), particularly by the pressure of the assembly (in the first configuration i)). The reflective light redirection element is, for example, placed on the third face and, after the air is drawn out, a suction effect occurs.

[0283] The prisms can be at least 1 pm high and preferably no more than 100 or 50 pm or 30 pm.

[0284] The film, particularly the prismatic polymer or microprism substrate (prismatic layer, organic for example), can be less than 200 µm, 100 µm, 80 µm, or 50 µm thick, and even at least 30 µm thick. If the film is oriented (reflecting prisms) towards the third face F3, the substrate film can be tinted and even opaque or opacified. For example, it could be a PET film carrying the reflective microprisms, tinted or even opaque black.

[0285] Preferably the prismatic film has a total thickness of at most 500pm or even 400pm or 200pm or 100pm.

[0286] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, comprising reflector prisms, notably oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, arranged on the side of the third main face F3, is:

[0287] - on the third face F3, particularly in contact with the lower interlayer or a frame interlayer (light) - especially if the interlayer is the same size as the coated substrate,

[0288] - in the laminate interlayer, particularly those based on PVB,

[0289] - embedded in the lower interlayer, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers) or in a clear frame interlayer around the perimeter of the coated film, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers),

[0290] - on the lower interlayer, between the lower interlayer, particularly based on PVB (with or without plasticizers), and the upper interlayer (preferably with plasticizers), clear or tinted, or a frame interlayer around the perimeter of the coated film, clear, tinted and even opaque, particularly based on PVB (with or without plasticizers),

[0291] - on the front face Fa, particularly in contact with the upper intercalated layer or an additional intercalated layer, or rear face Fb, particularly in contact with the lower intercalated layer.

[0292] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, which is a prismatic reflector film having reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 and bonded to the face F3 by a local adhesive.

[0293] Preferably, the prismatic redirecting element (particularly one comprising a polymer film and prisms) should have a width (preferably less than the width of a masking layer) of no more than 10 cm, or at most 5 cm, or even at most 2 cm, and ideally at least 1 cm, and a length similar to that of the linear (custom-made) light source. It could be a rectangular strip with rounded corners, for example.

[0294] Microprisms (with a reflective coating) act as reflective prisms, reflecting incoming light in a direction that depends on the angle of inclination of the prism surfaces and the angle of incidence of the light. For example, a prismatic film consists of a transparent thermoplastic polymer film, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), onto which transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (a resin crosslinked, for example, by UV curing). A partially textured layer is preferred. For reflective prismatic films, a metallic layer (conformal coating), such as silver or aluminum, is added.

[0295] The transparent film of the prismatic film preferably has a light transmission of at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 90%.

[0296] Microprisms, for example, have a triangular cross-section. Prisms, for example, are joined together.

[0297] For example, the total thickness of the prismatic reflective film is at most 500pm (in particular at least 30 or 50pm) and even at most the thickness of the lower interlayer and / or the coated film (substrate).

[0298] An optical element (collimation element, etc.) can be placed between the light source and the fourth face F4, specifically an optical element fixed to the fourth face F4. The light source can also be fixed to the fourth face F4.

[0299] Each light source (diode array(s), particularly longitudinal ones) on the fourth side can be connected to a collimating optic or collimator. The light source, with an optional collimator, can be attached to the fourth side, either directly or with spaced joints and a peripheral support fixed to the fourth side. The collimator is located in the optical path of the light source. The collimator generates a light beam from the generally divergent light beam of the light source, with a beam path that is preferably essentially parallel, or at least a less divergent, i.e., more concentrated, beam path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator. The principal direction of the light source's radiation can be adjusted, for example, to form an angle with the normal to the glazing, for example, 22° to the normal to the glazing.

[0300] The collimator can be made of glass or transparent plastic, particularly polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The collimator is preferably attached to the inner surface of the inner window, for example, by gluing. If the light source is designed as an arrangement of several LEDs, a separate collimator can be provided for each LED. However, it is preferable to use a single collimator for the entire LED arrangement. For example, in the case of a linear array of LEDs (especially a longitudinal LED strip), a collimator can be used whose length is at least equal to the length of the LED array.

[0301] An interlayer frame placed above any light redirection element (particularly a prismatic reflector element) can be tinted or even opaque, black especially to mask any stray light. The frame layer can be locally opaque (in a band) or opaque around its entire perimeter.

[0302] The possible inner peripheral masking layer (facing F4) may include a space to avoid blocking optical coupling, in particular to allow the light source rays to pass to the light redirection element, in particular a prismatic element and even a reflector.

[0303] This (transparent) redirecting film is, for example, longitudinal in shape, with rounded corners, for example, the length of the window opening. This redirecting film can be no more than 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm thick, and in particular at least 50 µm or 100 µm.

[0304] Each light source and each light redirection element, including prismatic elements and / or reflectors, can be offset by a clear window area, facing an internal masking layer. The redirection element (including prismatic redirection film) and / or the light source is, for example, at most 100 mm from the clear window area and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm. The outer edge of the light redirection element (including prismatic elements and reflectors, particularly prismatic reflector film) can be at least 10 mm from the first and / or second layer of the first sheet and / or the second layer, and even at least one of the following values: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, or 30 mm.

[0305] In particular, for a guest host cell with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm, an interlayer frame (made of the same material as the upper and lower interlayers), notably based on PVB (or a pressure-sensitive, thermo-crosslinked adhesive, for example), surrounds and touches the first edge of the guest host cell and is located between and in contact with the two upper and lower interlayers. This peripheral interlayer frame is part of the lamination interlayer. For guest host cells with a thickness of 0.2 mm or less, the thermoplastic material can flow sufficiently.

[0306] Preferably for any guest host cell according to the invention, a thickness of at least 300 pm is preferred.

[0307] The first song of the guest host cell can be at least 10mm away from the first slice of the first leaf (or the second leaf) and even at least one of the following values: 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm.

[0308] In the configuration with a carrier film separate from the lower support, to avoid the risks of breakage, bubbling, and "co-wrinkling" or pressure on the electroactive layer), the first edge of the guest host cell and the second edge of the carrier film can be aligned but preferably to avoid a step due to the carrier film, the second edge extends beyond the first edge for example by at least 1 mm or 5 mm and even by at most 10 cm or 5 cm or 1 cm.

[0309] And alternatively, better cumulatively, to avoid the risks of breakage, bubbling, and "co-wrinkling", pressure on the electroactive layer), the reflective prismatic film (its inner edge) is preferably offset from the guest host cell (and even distant from the first edge), for example a preferred safety distance between the first edge of the guest host cell and the inner edge of the prismatic film is at least 1 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm or especially 30 mm.

[0310] In particular, the extraction means possibly between the optical insulating coating and the F3 face opposite the lower support are of a thickness of at most 50µm.

[0311] Naturally, laminated glazing can include a light source in optical coupling with the guidance layer arranged under the optical insulating coating (further from face F2 than the optical insulating coating), and means for extracting guided light in the guidance layer, which are on the third side face F3 or face F4 in configuration i) or on the fifth side face F5 or face F6 in configuration j).

[0312] Each light source can be detachable, added, sold separately or as a kit.

[0313] The means of extraction can be temporary (detachable stickers) and therefore added or replaced, in particular on the fourth side (respectively side F6), or permanent, in particular on the third side (respectively side F5).

[0314] Each light source is preferably a set of light-emitting diodes (on a printed circuit board such as a PCB for "printed circuit board" in English, for example flexible), in particular a straight or curved strip.

[0315] Preferably, diodes are surface-mounted components on the front side of a printed circuit board (PCB) with conductive traces. The width (or length) of a diode with a single semiconductor chip, generally a square diode, is preferably no more than 5 mm. The width of the PCB, in strip form, is preferably no more than 5 cm, better yet no more than 2 cm, and even no more than 1 cm. There can be one or more light sources (peripheral, preferably offset from the glazing or clear glass), and several sets of diodes. The light source(s) can be monochromatic (emitting in blue, green, red, etc.) or polychromatic, or be adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light, etc.; they can be continuous or discontinuous, etc.The light source can be extended linearly (rectangular strip like a diode bar) along one side of the glazing (longitudinal edges) or split (with similar or distinct light, for example, different color intensity, driven independently or simultaneously) along both sides.

[0316] The means of light extraction may define at least a first diffusing zone, for example with a width of at least 0.5mm, in particular a first diffusing zone that is solid and / or includes a set of discontinuous diffusing patterns.

[0317] Laminated glass can include multiple diffusing zones of identical or distinct sizes and / or shapes. The extraction zone can therefore cover part or all of the laminated glass depending on the lighting or the desired effect (in the form of strips arranged around the perimeter of one face to form a luminous frame, logos or patterns, etc.).

[0318] The diffusing area can be in several zones, for example each with patterns, identical or distinct, continuous or discontinuous, and can be of any geometric shape (rectangular, square, triangular, circular, oval, etc.), and can form a design, a sign (arrow, letter...).

[0319] Under the optical insulating coating (further from face F2 than the insulating coating), means for extracting light, guided light in the guiding layer, are for example in the form of:

[0320] - laser engraving in the guide (mineral), particularly the second or third sheet of glass,

[0321] - texturizing (acid attack on the glass, etc.), textured film (especially in the second sheet),

[0322] - or diffusing coating (or film), preferably transparent, with a binder and diffusing particles, binder (organic, mineral or hybrid) preferably transparent with a refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 or n3 or n'1 and n3, in particular of at least 1.48.

[0323] Light extraction methods can include a frosted area on the second (or third) glass pane, an etched area within the thickness of the second (or third) glass pane, or diffusing elements such as glass particles or fibers incorporated into the interlayer. Beyond adding an optical insulating coating (and an extra-clear guiding layer), various options exist to enhance the luminance performance of laminated glass: adjusting the extraction methods (choice of transparency level, blur, and diffusing particle content) and / or the LED light injection. The transparency level is sometimes chosen based on a compromise between transparency and luminance.

[0324] Optionally a diffusing coating forming the means of light extraction, preferably local or discontinuous (set of patterns etc) is opposite the invited host cell, and is on the lower interlayer in particular thermoplastic, in particular based on PVB (for example with plasticizers) - or the other lower interlayer thermoplastic, in particular based on PVB-, is in contact with the rear face Fb or better with the optical insulating coating.And / or the diffusing coating on a face oriented towards the F3 face and / or is carried by the carrier film and on the optical insulating coating and preferably in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer which is based on PVB, the whole lower interlayer and diffusing coating having a blur of no more than 20%, the binder of the diffusing coating being organic preferably chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane.

[0325] The diffusing coating on the lower thermoplastic interlayer can be in contact with the back face (Fb, bare or with undercoat) or with the optical insulating coating (on the Fb face) or even in contact with the F3 face.

[0326] When the light extraction method uses a diffusing coating (printed ink) on an interlayer of PVB or on the coated substrate itself, rather than on the second (or third) glass sheet, it is easier to change the extraction pattern and tooling for printing on a flat film than on curved glass. For mechanical strength and, above all, to retain the glass fragments, it is also better to have the extraction on a coated substrate or PVB than on glass.

[0327] The diffusing coating, preferably transparent (in the off state), partially covers the lower interlayer (or the other lower interlayer).

[0328] For example, this diffusing coating (rear face side Fb) oriented towards face F2 is deposited on the lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) (respectively of the other lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB)) and preferably occupies at most 50% or 40% of the glazing, or of the clear glass, or of the lower interlayer (respectively of the other lower interlayer).

[0329] For example, this diffusing coating is on face F3 or face F3 side of the lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) (respectively of the other lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB)) and preferably occupies at most 40% or 30% of the glazing, or the clear glass, or the lower interlayer (respectively of the other lower interlayer).

[0330] The binder for the diffusing coating can be a transparent ink. Extraction methods include, for example, a diffusing layer in the form of ink on a polymeric film (such as PVB with or without a plasticizer) made up of the lower interlayer or another layer.

[0331] Preferably the entire diffusing coating on its substrate (second sheet, third sheet, lower interlayer) has a light transmission of at least 80% and a blur of at most 30%.

[0332] In particular, laminated glazing includes, under the optical insulating coating, means for extracting light, comprising a diffusing coating, preferably transparent, with a binder and diffusing particles, binder preferably of refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 (or even n3) or n'1 (or even n'3), in particular of at least 1.48.

[0333] Especially :

[0334] - in first configuration i) the lower interlayer layer (thermoplastic such as PVB) or the second sheet is the substrate of the diffusing coating, (thus on face F4 or F3 or rear face side Fb), in particular possibly in contact with the optical insulating coating on the rear face Fb,

[0335] - in second configuration j) the other lower intercalated layer (thermoplastic such as in PVB) or the third sheet is the substrate of the diffusing coating, (thus on the face F5 or F6 or rear face side Fb), in particular possibly in contact with the optical insulating coating on the rear face Fb.

[0336] For example, the binder of the diffusing coating is organic, in particular cross-linked polymer, chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, or even thermoplastic based on PVB, or even TPU.

[0337] The lower interlayer can be PVB-based, comprising 70% to 75% PVB by weight, 25% to 30% plasticizer by weight, and less than 1% additives by weight. There are also PVB sheets with little (less than 10% or 5% by weight of plasticizers) or no plasticizer at all, such as the Optical Grade Thin Film from KURARAY.

[0338] When the substrate of the diffusing coating is the lower interlayer, a PVB-based material with no plasticizers, or with a maximum of 15%, 10%, or 5% plasticizers, can be chosen. For example, the thickness of the lower interlayer forming the substrate is at most 200 µm, or even 250 µm.

[0339] An example of a diffusing coating on a polymer layer, in particular a laminate interlayer and based on PVB, is in document W02021005162.

[0340] An example of a diffusing coating on a layer of PVB or glass laminate interlayer is in document WO2023285743.

[0341] For example, the binder of the diffusing coating is a polyacrylate polymer and the binder of the optical insulating coating is a polyacrylate polymer with low index nanoparticles or nanoporosity and / or hollows, especially if the coatings come into contact after lamination.

[0342] Preferably, the diffusing particles (dielectric, organic or mineral, for example metal oxides) have a particle size defined by D90 less than 2 pm, preferably of at least 10 nm and even at most 700 nm, in particular 400 nm ±100 nm.

[0343] Preferably, the scattering particles are chosen from non-luminescent particles of TiC>2, SiC>2, CaCCh, ZnO, Al2O3, ZrC>2. Preferably, the particles have a (high) refractive index, greater than or equal to 1.8 or even 2 (greater than n5, in particular by at most 1.8 or 1.7).

[0344] Preferably, for the manufacture of the diffusing coating, a UV-curable resin is chosen from among a reaction product between a thiol and an alkene (called thiol-ene), an acrylate such as epoxy-acrylate, polyester-acrylate, urethane-acrylate, or silicone-acrylate, alone or in a mixture of several of them. The thickness of the diffusing coating is at most 100 µm, preferably at most 50 µm, and in particular at least 5 µm or 10 µm. The minimum thickness may depend on the deposition method.

[0345] A thin profile reduces material costs, but the profile can be adjusted to modify the visibility / luminance trade-off of the pattern.

[0346] Light extraction can be dynamic and the light source (diodes, straight strip in one or more sections) is driven to light up (e.g. gradually) patterns forming means of (geometric) extraction of the light guiding layer.

[0347] In particular, the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer which is PVB-based (with or without plasticizers), the entire lower interlayer and diffusing coating exhibiting a blur of no more than 20% or even 10%, the binder of the diffusing coating being organic (polymer) preferably chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane

[0348] The glazing, in particular opening side glazing and preferably rear glazing, includes means of light extraction, preferably in the form of a diffusing coating on the lower interlayer, forming internal light signaling in the form of extraction patterns, in particular:

[0349] - of pictogram(s),

[0350] - and / or a progress indicator (charge level of electronic equipment, the vehicle, or progress of a journey), through the progressive display of extraction patterns (geometric or even pictogram-based), internal illuminated signage located in a lower peripheral band of the glazing, extending horizontally, in particular by a maximum of 10 cm or 5 cm from the lower visibility limit of the glazing, and / or at least 5 cm from a longitudinal light source, in particular a horizontal one, below the lower visibility limit of the glazing. The extraction patterns are therefore preferably equidistant from the light source.

[0351] In one embodiment, the glazing is, in particular, a side-opening glazing, especially a rear-opening glazing (single-pane laminated glazing), and the first pane has an irregular lower longitudinal edge with at least one projecting portion, referred to as the first overhang. The glazing includes a longitudinal light source, in particular extending horizontally below the lower visibility limit of the glazing, at a distance from a glazing fixing zone intended to be coupled to a window-lifting system, the fixing zone being connected to the first overhang. The longitudinal light source is at least 5 cm long and includes means for extracting light from the clear glass, in particular in the form of a diffusing coating.

[0352] In a configuration of this embodiment, the inner glass is of reduced size, the second slice is straight, in particular horizontal, and below the lower limit of visibility of the glazing, the longitudinal light source is housed under face F2 along the second slice for optical coupling by the second slice.

[0353] In another configuration of this embodiment, the second sheet has a second irregular lower longitudinal edge having at least one protruding portion called a second overhang opposite said first overhang, the longitudinal light source is linked to face F4 and the glazing preferably includes a light redirection reflector element on face F3 opposite the longitudinal light source, below the lower visibility limit of the glazing.

[0354] Below the lower visibility limit, the "height" of the glazing may vary longitudinally between the rear and the front, this height being the distance between the visibility limit and the lower longitudinal edge. For example, this height is at least 10 cm and at most 80 cm.

[0355] The irregular edge, for example, has a centrally curvilinear section forming a downward-oriented concave profile, and the fixing areas are peripheral.

[0356] The opening side window is linked to a window regulator (for the vertical movement of said window relative to a door of said vehicle). A side window drive mechanism is selectively operated by means of a component, such as a crank or a button, to move the window vertically relative to the door, between a closed position and at least one open position. To connect a side window to the drive mechanism housed in the door, a distinction is generally made between two types of connection: one using a clamping assembly and the other using a screwing assembly.

[0357] In the case of a clamping connection, the connecting means include, for example, one or a pair of Y-shaped connecting pieces, also known as a glass holder, typically attached to the glazing by bonding. Each connecting piece (called a "holder") interacts with each of the glazing faces, internal and external respectively. This connecting piece is positioned near the lower edge below the lower limit of visibility, i.e., in the concealed area within the door, in order to connect the side glazing to the drive mechanism during movement.

[0358] In the case of screw fixing, the side glazing has at least one (protruding) fixing area, typically central, and sometimes two separate (protruding) fixing areas, depending on the glazing, particularly peripheral ones. These areas are located in the non-visible zone below the lower visibility limit. In laminated glazing used as side glazing, a specific type of glazing, known as "asymmetrical," is distinguished. This type is characterized by the fact that at least the shorter inner pane of glass does not overlap the other pane(s) of glazing at the fixing area. Thus, asymmetrical glazing has an inner pane of glass that is not penetrated by any means of connection between the glazing and the drive mechanism, since this inner pane of glass has no fixing holes. The fixing area(s) have at least one fixing hole through the glazing.The fixing hole opening onto both sides of the glazing is designed to receive connecting means, said connecting means generally comprising a shaft linked to the drive mechanism, for example, a threaded rod. Consequently, from a mechanical standpoint, the inner pane of glass in such an asymmetrical glazing is connected to the drive mechanism only via the other panes of glass, that is to say, indirectly through the interlayer due to the assembly of the constituent panes of the laminated glazing.

[0359] To achieve this, the opening side glazing may have one or more holes partially or totally passing through the glazing, one or more attachment gutters or glass holders, one or more rails, or slides.

[0360] The opening side glazing may include at least one, and preferably at least two, glass doors having, for example, in cross-section, a shape substantially resembling an inverted U or even an inverted h. Parallel walls of the h shape enclose the glazing in its lower part, and a tail is then located substantially in line with the glazing.

[0361] This h-shaped glass carrier allows the transmission of forces between the glass carrier and the glass over a large area corresponding to the sum of the inner areas of the parallel walls; however, it is quite possible to use a simple plate, this plate having for example at least two parts: a first part for cooperation with the glass and a second part for cooperation with the glass drive mechanism (raising / lowering).

[0362] Since the glazing is curved, the parallel walls and / or the tail may be curved.

[0363] The glass carrier(s) is / are, for example, glued using an adhesive such as polyurethane, and then "fitted" onto the glazing, meaning it / they is / are positioned so that the glazing is present in the U-shape, either fully engaged or not, by inserting a plastic insert material, such as polypropylene, between the parallel walls and the glazing. Alternatively, an in-situ injection of adhesive material is proposed to form the insert material, which is a thermoplastic hot-melt resin, for example, based on polyamide. The glass carriers used are, for example, metallic, made of aluminum alloy.

[0364] The thickness of the first pane of glazing is preferably at most 4mm, or even at most 2.5mm, even at most 2.2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and even at least 0.7mm thick, for example with a refractive index nv of at least 1.5 in the visible.

[0365] The second sheet (preferably curved) is in particular at least 0.7 mm thick (to facilitate light guidance where appropriate), possibly less than that of the first sheet of glass, even by no more than 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even by no more than 1.3 mm or by no more than 1 mm, the total thickness of the first and second sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even 3.7 mm.

[0366] The first and second leaves (and possible third leaf) can be of shape and size in particular substantially identical, for example general rectangular or quadrilateral shape (longitudinal edges not parallel), possibly rounded corners.

[0367] The first sheet may be larger than the second sheet, thus extending beyond the second sheet on at least part (one or more adjacent or opposite sides) of its perimeter. Alternatively, the second sheet (on the passenger compartment side) may be smaller, with its second edge set back by no more than 10 or 5 cm from the first edge of the first sheet of glass, either on one or more edges (longitudinal and / or lateral), or around its entire perimeter. In particular, the second sheet is optically coupled to a light source (as previously described) via its second edge.

[0368] Alternatively or even cumulatively, the second sheet may be larger than the third sheet, thus exceeding this third sheet on at least one part (one side or several adjacent or opposite sides) of its perimeter, and possibly the third sheet (cabin side) may be smaller with a third slice set back by at most 10 or 5cm from the second slice of the second sheet of glass, on one or more edges (longitudinal and / or lateral) especially or especially the perimeter, particularly useful when the third sheet is optically coupled by its third slice to a light source (as already described).

[0369] The layer thickness(es) between the second face F2 and the third face F3 (respectively between F4 and F5) is preferably no more than 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm, and in particular the thickness of the lamination interlayer (respectively other lamination interlayer) is no more than 1.1 mm or 0.9 mm, at least in the guiding zone.

[0370] The thickness between the first face F1 and the fourth face F4 (where applicable between F1 and F6) is preferably no more than 9mm or 7mm, especially for a road vehicle.

[0371] The first mineral glass sheet can be based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silicosodocalcium, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and preferably has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2U3) of at least 0.4% and preferably of no more than 1.5%.

[0372] To limit absorption (when the guiding layer includes the second sheet), the second mineral glass sheet may be, in particular, based on silica, soda-lime, silicosodocalcium, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe₂O₃) by weight of no more than 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably no more than 0.03% (300 ppm) and no more than 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the second glass sheet is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

[0373] The second sheet can be made of polymer, in particular polyurethane (PU) based, typically with n1 of about 1.47, polycarbonate (PC) typically with n1 of about 1.59, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) typically with n1 of about 1.47, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with n1 of about 1.54.

[0374] The second sheet can be flexible to follow the curvature of the first sheet, which is either convex or pre-formed.

[0375] The first sheet of glass, and even the second and / or third sheet of glass chosen, can be produced by the "float" process, which allows for a perfectly flat and smooth sheet, or by drawing or rolling processes.

[0376] Examples of glass include float glass (or floating glass) of classic soda-lime composition, possibly hardened or tempered by thermal or chemical means, aluminum or sodium borosilicate, or any other composition.

[0377] The clear area of ​​the laminated glass is a central zone.

[0378] The lamination interlayer can occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the glazing surface.

[0379] The second face F2 can be the tin face (of the float glass) or the opposite face, or the first face F1 can be the tin face. The third face F3 can be the tin face, or the fourth face F4 can be the tin face. The fifth face F5 can be the tin face, or the sixth face F6 can be the tin face.

[0380] Regarding the guest host cell, the lower and / or upper electrode comprises (or is, for example, a conductive metal oxide layer or a silver-based layer, for instance, a multilayer coating. The electrode (lower and / or upper) is specifically a multilayer electroconductive coating, which is a stack of functional layer(s) that are either a transparent conductive oxide, for example, ITO, IZO, AZO, SnC>2:F, or a metallic oxide (silver, etc.). The functional layer(s) are generally interposed between dielectric layers based on oxides, nitrides, and / or nitride oxides on the so-called front face oriented towards the electroactive layer. In particular, the lower and upper electrodes (coatings) are of the same material and even the same thickness, and / or the lower and upper substrates are of the same material (glass or polymer) and even the same thickness.

[0381] Furthermore, laminated glazing may include at least one of the following functional elements:

[0382] - an internal electroconductive coating, in particular infrared reflective (solar control), such as a stack of silver layer(s), on the second face F2 on the first, clear sheet, or on an additional film, in particular polymer, or even on the upper support,

[0383] - an external electroconductive coating, in particular infrared reflective (low emissivity), such as a transparent conductive oxide layer stack (TCO, in particular based on indium tin oxide (ITO)), on the fourth face F4 of the second mineral glass sheet (in first configuration i)), or sixth face F6 of the third mineral glass sheet (in second configuration j)).

[0384] The laminated glazing according to the invention can therefore also include a layer reflecting or absorbing infrared, on face F2 or on a transparent polymer film (PET etc) between two interlayer layers or even on the upper support, in particular a stack of thin layers comprising at least one metallic layer such as silver (and even 2 or 3 or 4), the silver layer or each layer being arranged between dielectric layers on face F2 or at ITO for face F4 or F6.

[0385] Examples of ITO stacking for face F4 or F6 include those described in patent US2015 / 0146286, on face F4, particularly in examples 1 to 3.

[0386] We also know of an infrared-reflective coating in the patent application

[0387] WO2018 / 206236 and in particular:

[0388] - a dielectric coating comprising dielectric layers such as silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide layers,

[0389] - a functional layer based on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer,

[0390] - a dielectric coating comprising dielectric layers such as silicon nitride and silicon oxide layers.

[0391] The invention also relates to a road vehicle incorporating the aforementioned illuminable laminated glazing of the invention, in particular the laminated glazing being an opening side glazing and even a rear glazing.

[0392] In this application, the term "road vehicle" means a car, in particular a utility vehicle (van, light van, delivery van) under 3.5 tonnes (light utility vehicle) or a truck or a shuttle, small public, private or public transport vehicle.

[0393] Other details and advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the examples according to the invention illustrated in the following figures. The illuminated laminated glass units shown in all figures 1 to 15 are opening glass units, in particular opening side windows. Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an opening illuminated laminated glass unit 100 of a road vehicle according to the invention, such as a rear side window, and also shows a close-up view of a reflective light redirection element (also referred to in the description as a "reflective prismatic film," which is used to redirect the light).

[0394] Figure 1a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a host-guest cell, inserted into the laminated glazing of Figure 1 and featuring an internal gasket. Figure 1b shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative host-guest cell with an external gasket.

[0395] Figures 1c to 1g each represent a schematic front view of an illuminable laminated glazing of a road vehicle forming a side window preferably opening at the rear.

[0396] 1 c to 1 g.

[0397] Figure 2 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing opening 200 of a road vehicle according to a second embodiment compared to the glazing of Figure 1.

[0398] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a 300 lume laminated glass unit for a road vehicle, according to a third embodiment of an alternative design. [Fig 3'] illustrates a schematic front view of a rear-opening side window with the 300 lume laminated glass unit of Figure 3.

[0399] Figure 4 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 400 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment.

[0400] Figure 5 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 500 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a fifth embodiment.

[0401] [Fig 5'] represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 500 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a variant of the fifth embodiment.

[0402] Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a side-opening, illuminateable laminated glass panel 600 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a sixth embodiment. [Fig 6'] shows a schematic front view of the glass panel of Figure 6.

[0403] Figure 7 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 700 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a seventh embodiment, and shows a detailed view of the prismatic reflector film used to redirect light into the glazing.

[0404] Figure 8 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 800 of a road vehicle according to the invention in an eighth embodiment.

[0405] Figure 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 900 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a ninth embodiment.

[0406] Figure 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1000-unit illuminated laminated road vehicle glazing according to the invention in a tenth embodiment in which the optical insulating coating is carried by the rear face of the guest host cell

[0407] [Fig 10'], [Fig 10”] and [Fig 10’”] each represent a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated road vehicle glazing according to the invention in variants of the tenth embodiment.

[0408] Figure 11 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 1100 of a road vehicle according to the invention in an eleventh embodiment.

[0409] Figure 12 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1200 illuminateable laminated road vehicle glazing according to the invention in a twelfth embodiment.

[0410] Figure 13 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1300 illuminated laminated road vehicle glazing unit according to the invention in a thirteenth embodiment and with a third sheet. Figure 14 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1400 illuminated laminated road vehicle glazing unit in a fourteenth embodiment.

[0411] Figure 15 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1500 illuminateable laminated road vehicle glazing in a fifteenth embodiment.

[0412] Figure 16 shows a view of a road vehicle with different types of luminous and variable tint laminated glazing.

[0413] It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, the different elements of the objects represented are not necessarily reproduced to scale.

[0414] Figure 1 represents a schematic cross-sectional view, here lateral, of an illuminable laminated glazing 100 according to the invention, here forming a vehicle opening in a first embodiment.

[0415] This is a 100-opening illuminateable laminated car window, rectangular or substantially rectangular for figures 1c, 1d and 1g and curved (in one or more directions).

[0416] The 100° opening illuminated laminated glass includes:

[0417] - a first sheet of glass 1, for example rectangular (with dimensions 1600X1100 mm for example), with a first main face 11 corresponding to face F1, a second main face 12 called face F2 and a first slice (with edges or longitudinal slices 10 and 10'), face F2 being able to be coated as in figure 9 with a transparent functional coating 16 (reflecting etc) (silver stacking), the whole glass and coating having a TL of 72% (91% without the coating 16),

[0418] - a second transparent sheet, preferably mineral glass, 2, here of the same shape and dimensions as the first sheet 1, forming internal glazing, on the passenger compartment side, having a third main face 13 or face F3, a fourth main face 14 or face F4, and a second slice (with edges or longitudinal slices 20 and 20'), and of index n1,

[0419] - between face F2 and face F3, a transparent laminate interlayer 3, with an edge here aligned or recessed from sheets 1, 2 in particular longitudinal edge 30 offset from longitudinal edges 10, 10' towards the center of the glass (therefore recessed), here comprising: an upper adhesive polymer interlayer 31, in adhesive contact with face F2 of the first glass sheet 1, for example based on PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight), PVB for example clear of TL at 99.9%,

[0420] - a lower 32 polymeric adhesive interlayer, clear (as transparent as possible and with as few optical defects as possible), of 0.38mm or 0.76mm (in one or two sheets) in adhesive contact with face F3, of refractive index n3 of approximately 1.48 at 600nm, for example based on PVB (with plasticizers, for example at least 10% and possibly at most 30% or 20% by weight), clear from TL to 99.9%,

[0421] - preferably at least one light source 4 (diodes 4 on PCB support 40),

[0422] - an optical insulating layer consisting of an optical insulating coating 5 on a carrier film 50,

[0423] - preferably in the laminate interlayer 3, an additional interlayer layer 33, preferably tinted, grey, in particular based on PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight), and

[0424] - preferably means of extracting light 6 (guided here in the second glass sheet 2 and also in the lower intercalated layer 32), in particular in the form of a discontinuous or local diffusing coating (in figure 1, there is only one extraction pattern 6),

[0425] - preferably an internal masking element or layer 7 forming a masking frame,

[0426] - preferably a light redirection element 8, here internal and reflector and - a guest host cell 9 guest host cell, isolated by the insulating coating 5 of the second glass sheet.

[0427] The second glass sheet (inner glass) 2 is for example a sheet of silicosodocalcic glass, extra clear such as Diamant glass marketed by the company Saint-Gobain Glass of TL of at least 91%, of thickness equal for example to 2.9 mm, glass of refractive index n1 of the order of 1.52 at 600nm or Optiwhite glass of 1.95mm, or Sunmax glass of 2.05mm.

[0428] The first sheet of glass (outer glass) 1 is clear, in particular a 2.1 mm Planiclear glass or even extra clear like the first sheet.

[0429] Alternatively, the outer glass 1 has a tinted composition whose tint will be adjusted to suit the needs (for example VENUS VG10 or TSA 3+ or 4+ glass marketed by the company Saint-Gobain Glass.

[0430] The upper adhesive polymeric interlayer 31 is preferably PVB-based (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight). The upper interlayer 31 is 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm thick (in one or two sheets). The upper interlayer 31 is clear or, alternatively, tinted, for example, gray with a 27% TL tint.

[0431] Alternatively, the upper interlayer 31 is based on crosslinked polymer adhesive material (OCA), for example polyacrylate, polyvinyl acetate (PVA), polyurethane (PU), or epoxy.

[0432] The lower 32 polymer adhesive interlayer is for example based on PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight), clear (as transparent as possible and with as few optical defects as possible), 0.38mm or 0.76mm (in one or two sheets) in adhesive contact with face F3, with a refractive index n3 of approximately 1.48 at 600nm, for example PVB with a TL of 99.9%.

[0433] As examples, the lower interlayer 32 is based on clear PVB with little or no plasticizers, for example less than 20% by weight of plasticizers such as Eastmann's PVBRM11 or even less than 5% by weight, in particular Kuraray film called Optical grade Thin Film for example with a thickness of at most 25pm.

[0434] Alternatively, the lower interlayer 32 is based on crosslinked polymer adhesive material (OCA), in particular film, preferably polyacrylate adhesive in particular of at least 25 or 30 µm or it is an adhesive coating (polyacrylate, etc.) obtained by deposition on the third face F3 or on the coated substrate or deposited between the third face F3 and the coated substrate (by filling).

[0435] For example, the additional interlayer 33 is made of PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight) in particular of thickness 0.38mm or 0.76mm (in one or two sheets) or based on crosslinked polymer adhesive material (OCA), in particular adhesive polyacrylate film.

[0436] At least one of the 3133 interlayers may be a dyed PVB.

[0437] Examples of gray-tinted PVB (in various shades of gray), some of which also have acoustic properties, include the commercial products listed in Table 2 below. Table 2 shows the L, a*, and b* values ​​of laminated glazing with PVB sandwiched between two 2.1 mm sheets of Saint-Gobain Planilux glass, as well as the TL value of such glazing. [Table 2]

[0438] In the case of an OCA for the lower interlayer, the OCA has a higher refractive index than PVB.

[0439] An example of an OCA is the combined product Koeraclear 2044 and Koeracur TH360 (two-component liquid PU) marketed by HB Fuller-Kömmerling, with an index of 1.48. Another example of an OCA is the product Photobond OC4022 (liquid acrylate) marketed by Delo, with an index of 1.482.

[0440] Preferably, laminated glazing includes an IR 15 reflective coating on the F4 face, forming a low emissivity layer.

[0441] The infrared-reflective coating 15, transparent, single-layer or multi-layer, comprises at least one electrically conductive functional layer, for example of a transparent conductive oxide, in particular ITO. The infrared-reflective coating preferably comprises a dielectric sublayer, in particular silicon (oxy)nitride, and preferably comprises a dielectric toplayer, in particular silicon (oxy)nitride.

[0442] The internal masking layer 7 of the opening side glazing forms a masking frame delimiting a glazed area 70 (daylight), here rectangular (see Figure 1g) with straight edges. The masking frame 7 hides the edges of the components, including the guest host cell and the coated substrate. Any local modification of the edges 70 is possible (gradient of points, wider area, etc.). For example, the internal masking layer 7 is:

[0443] - a black enamel on the F2 face,

[0444] - or a black ink, on one of the faces of the upper interlayer, preferably the face oriented towards face F2, preferably a PVB-based ink with black pigments if the upper interlayer 31 is PVB, and such that the masking width is at least 2 cm, in particular:

[0445] - the masking width at the front (front lateral edge side 10a) is, for example, from 10 to 40cm,

[0446] - the masking width at the rear (rear side edge 10b) is, for example, from 5 to 25cm,

[0447] - the masking width on the long sides (longitudinal edges) is for example 5 to 20 cm, identical or different width for the two long sides.

[0448] The guest host cell 9 is arranged between the upper interlayer 31 and lower interlayer 32. Since the thickness of the guest host cell 9 is 0.4 mm, an interlayer frame layer 34, 0.38 mm thick, made of PVB, clear, tinted, or even opaque, is added. The edges of the guest host cell 9 are below the internal masking frame layer 7.

[0449] Outside the injection zone, the edge of the guest host cell 9 is at least 10 mm or 15 mm from the edge of the glazing. The internal masking frame layer 7 (e.g., opaque PVB) is of a width adapted accordingly and can extend to be flush with the edge of the glazing.

[0450] As shown in the example in Figure 1a, the guest host cell 9 comprises:

[0451] - an upper support 91 (polymer or glass) with an upper electroconductive coating 92 (for example ITO) on the second face F2 side, surmounted by an upper alignment layer 94 for planar (uniform) anchoring,

[0452] - a lower support 91' (polymer or glass) with a lower electroconductive coating (e.g. ITO) 92' third face F3, surmounted by a lower alignment layer 94' for planar (uniform) anchoring,

[0453] - an electroactive layer 93 which forms a liquid volume containing liquid crystals mixed with dichroic dyes, and glass spacers 93' for example of 12pm, and the lower and upper alignment layers 94 and 94' in contact with respectively the first and second electroconductive coatings 92 and 92' and the electroactive layer 93,

[0454] - an internal peripheral (sealing) joint 95 which provides the sealing of the guest host cell, for example polymer, in particular epoxy resin or silicone.

[0455] The 91 and 9T supports of the polymeric guest host cell 9, for example, are made of PET.

[0456] Preferably, if made of glass, one or both supports 91 and 9T are made of chemically tempered glass. Each of the supports 91 and 9T has a thickness of less than 1000 µm, specifically between 25 µm and 700 µm, preferably less than 300 µm, or even less than 200 or 100 µm. The glass thickness of each support is sufficiently thin to provide the guest host cell with film-like flexibility when associating the cell with the glass sheets 1 and 2, especially when the latter are curved. In particular, the glass thickness of each of the supports 91 and 91' is such that each glass support has a minimum radius of curvature that is at least on the order of 600 mm and can even be as low as 200 mm.

[0457] The internal 95 joint, for example, is 5mm. It is generally preferable to conceal this joint from the outside and even from the inside.

[0458] Figure 1b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a guest host cell 9 which differs from that of Figure 1a in that the peripheral sealing joint 95 is external, not between the two supports 91 and 91'.

[0459] When an alternating voltage (of the order of 30 V) is applied between the electroconductive coatings 92 and 92', the liquid crystals and dichroic dyes align themselves according to the electric field.

[0460] Preferably, the OFF state of the guest host cell 9 corresponds to the dark state of the laminated glass 1. In the example in Figure 1, the laminated glass 1 is thus normally dark when no voltage is applied, and it is light when a DC voltage is applied. The transition from the dark state to the light state and vice versa is instantaneous; in particular, the duration of this state transition is 75 ms at 20°C.

[0461] Depending on the specific stacking of the laminated glass components, primarily dictated by the host cell, the light transmission (LT) changes, for example, from 5% in the dark state to over 35% in the light state. To optically isolate a lower portion (with light guide and light extraction) from the upper portion (tinted, absorbent), the laminated glass 100 incorporates the optical insulating coating 5 on one side of a transparent film 5' called the carrier film. The entire optical insulating coating 5 and the carrier film 5' are referred to as the coated substrate. The optical insulating coating 5 is on the rear face Fb 52' (side face F3) of the carrier film 5', as illustrated in Figure 1. Alternatively, the optical insulating coating 5 can be on the front face Fa 51' (side face F2) of the carrier film 5', as illustrated in Figure 9, which is described later.The face of the carrier film comprising the optical insulating coating 5 is called the coated (or deposition) face. The coated substrate 5', 5 is in adhesive contact with the additional interlayer 33 and the lower interlayer 32. The coated substrate extends throughout the entire clear glass area and beyond, with the second edge and the other second edge 50, 50' being under the masking layer 7. The coated substrate 5, 5' is always located between the guest host cell 9 and the second glass sheet 2, or between the guest host cell 9 and a third glass sheet 2' when the glazing comprises three glass sheets.

[0462] In a first configuration i) which is illustrated in Figure 1 and for which the glazing comprises only two sheets of glass 1 and 2, the coated substrate 5, 5' is laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3 (between the first sheet of glass 1 and the second sheet of glass 2), the second sheet of glass having a refractive index n1, preferably being at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53.

[0463] Preferably, the coated substrate 5', 5 is between the additional interlayer 33 and the lower interlayer 32 and even in contact with the additional interlayer 33 and / or the lower interlayer 32.

[0464] The coated substrate 5', 5 is set back from the leaves 1, 2, particularly from the longitudinal edges 10, 10', 20, 20', notably by a distance of s(Figures 1 and 3) of at least 10 mm. The carrier film 5' and even the coated substrate is here less than 200 µm thick, or even at most 100 µm, and is protected at its periphery by one or both of the lower and upper interlayers 31, 32 (particularly against creep during lamination). If the upper interlayer is clear, the interface between the two lower and upper interlayers 31, 32 may be indistinguishable.

[0465] The 5' carrier film is preferably made of polymer and is distinct from a fluoropolymer and even from an optically cross-linked adhesive (OCA). The 5' carrier film is transparent but can be tinted.

[0466] The optical insulating coating 5 is made of a material, preferably a polymer, comprising a matrix distinct from a fluoropolymer (or even a cross-linked adhesive), with a submillimeter thickness Ei of at least 400 nm and preferably 500 nm or 800 nm, and a second edge 50, possibly recessed from the second edge of the film 50' without compromising the optical insulating function. The optical insulating coating 5 may be applied directly or on a functional sublayer (barrier, etc.), transparent to the carrier film 5'.

[0467] The optical insulating coating 5 is transparent clear or possibly tinted.

[0468] The optical insulating coating 5 is made of a material comprising a separate matrix of a fluoropolymer. The optical insulating coating 5 has a refractive index n2 in the visible and with n1-n2 which is at least 0.04 in the visible and even at least 0.08 or 0.13, of submillimeter thickness Ei of at least 400nm and even 500nm, and even at least 800nm.

[0469] The optical insulating coating comprises a matrix with a refractive index n2 m greater than n2 and less than n1, and preferably with n2 m of at most 1.48 (and preferably n2 of at most 1.42 and even at least 1.35), and comprising (na no) porosities and / or low-index and / or porous, hollow (nano)particles with a refractive index lower than n1, particularly hollow particles with a size of at most 300 nm or even 100 nm, for example, hollow silica nanoparticles. The thickness is preferably at most 10 pm or 5 pm and at least 800 nm.

[0470] The matrix is ​​a cross-linked or thermoplastic polymer, specifically chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, PVB, or minerals, particularly silica. Polyacrylate, polyurethane, or even polyepoxide, polyvinyl acetate, and polyester-based polymer matrices are preferred.

[0471] Alternatively, the 5' carrier film is an ultra-thin glass and / or the 5' coating is porous silica.

[0472] To avoid creases and ripples, the coated substrate should preferably be in an area with a curvature, a limited sphericity, particularly with a radius of curvature of at least 1.5 m. For example, the second edge (50) can be sufficiently far from the first and second edges of the leaves (1, 2). The masking width on the sides and / or front and back can be adjusted (increased) for this purpose.

[0473] For example the 5' carrier film is a clear PET of less than 200 pm (protected by creep of the interlayer 33 and / or 32) in particular of 100 pm or 75 pm, with a TL of about 90% or more.

[0474] The optical insulating coating 5 can be protected by a transparent protective layer. This transparent protective layer, particularly a polymer, with a refractive index greater than n2 (n2 being the index of the optical insulating layer), and a thickness of submillimeters, even as low as 100 µm or 30 µm, is applied to and covers the optical insulating coating 5, notably for mechanical protection if the optical insulating coating contains (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles, especially hollow and / or porous ones. This transparent protective layer is a protective coating deposited on the optical insulating coating 5. It can be the same matrix as the optical insulating coating 5 without the (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles.

[0475] Alternatively, the carrier film 5' is an ultra-thin glass (UTG) and / or the optical insulating coating 5 is porous silica and the protective coating is dense silica, for example coatings 5, 53 obtained by sol-gel process.

[0476] In order to illuminate or light the laminated glazing 100, it also includes a light source 4. In particular, the laminated glazing 100 includes, in a manner concealed from the outside by the internal masking layer 7:

[0477] - 4 light-emitting diodes (here front-emitting) on ​​a support 40 (for example PCB) opposite (or offset from) the fourth main face 14,

[0478] - on the third main face F3 side, the light redirection element 8, local, peripheral like a prismatic reflector film.

[0479] For example, the reflective prismatic film is a polymer prismatic film 8, as shown in detail in Figure 1 with:

[0480] - a flat part 81 (substrate for example PET of at most 100µm) glued or fixed by suction to the third face F3 13,

[0481] - and a textured layer (by embossing, etc.), partially or even fully textured, forming prisms 82 which become reflectors by a reflective layer 83 for example metallic (by conformal deposition on the prismatic textured surface).

[0482] Here the prismatic reflective film 8 is glued with glue 60 on the third main face F3 13, it can also be held by suction.

[0483] The microprisms are schematically represented in cross-section as right triangles (Figure 1a), but the apex angle can be adjusted to better direct light towards extraction methods described later. Similarly, the principal direction of emission of the light source can be adjusted (normal to the plane or at 22° to the normal, etc.). A collimator can be added between face F4 and the diodes.

[0484] For example, the reflective prismatic film 8 comprises a transparent thermoplastic film, for example based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (reinforced resin, for example by UV) and a metallic layer (conformal deposit) allows the reflective prisms to be formed.

[0485] In another example, a transparent prismatic film (then on the fourth face) comprises a transparent thermoplastic film, for example, based on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which the transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (a resin crosslinked, for example, by UV). Alternatively, a macroprism is used on face F4.

[0486] The prismatic reflective film 8 is in adhesive contact here with the lower interlayer 32. The prismatic reflective film forms a longitudinal band like the linear type light source 4 along a longitudinal edge of the glazing for example as seen in figure 1'.

[0487] Alternatively, the prismatic film 8 (parts 81 and 82) is a monolithic polymer film, for example preformed, and the reflective layer 83 is applied.

[0488] The light from the diodes 4 is refracted in the second glass 2, in the prismatic reflector film 8, and then redirected at a given angle towards the light extraction means 6, here on the third face F3, for example, diffusing ink, as transparent as possible if desired, and into the clear glass. The light rays propagate by total internal reflection at face F4, and:

[0489] - for some by total internal reflection at the interface between the lower laminated interlayer 32 and the second sheet up to the extraction means (via the surface on the F3 face side),

[0490] - and even for others at the interface lower laminated interlayer 32 and optical insulating coating 5 and reach the extraction means 6 diffusing via the surface face side F2).

[0491] The prismatic reflective film 8 is located here beneath the optical insulating coating 5, under the coated substrate. The inner edge of the prismatic film 8 is aligned with the edge 50 of the coated substrate, and also with the optical insulating coating 5.

[0492] Alternatively, a macroprism 8 or a transparent prismatic film is chosen on the F4 face, downstream of the diodes. The light redirection element 8 (in particular the reflective or transparent prismatic film) faces the internal masking layer 7. Preferably, the reflective prismatic film between faces F2 and F3 is offset from the guest cell 9 to avoid overpressure that could damage the cell. Specifically, the reflective prismatic film 8 is larger than the guest cell 9, with the edge of the guest cell 9 offset from the edge of the reflective prismatic film 8, closer to the edge of the glazing. To avoid an effect of excessive thickness on the reflective prismatic film 8, a preferred safety distance between the edge of the guest cell 9 and the prismatic film is at least 10 mm, 20 mm, or, in particular, 30 mm.

[0493] The diodes and / or their support can be attached to face F4 (by an additional part etc.), as will be seen later with regard to figures 11 and 13. Alternatively, the diodes are side-emitting, as will be seen later with regard to figures 12 and 14.

[0494] To prevent stray light from passing through the film and even the internal masking element 7, and to ensure that what is necessary is also hidden from view from inside the vehicle and to clearly delimit the view, a masking element 7a, called the internal masking element, can be added on the F3 side. In particular (Figure 1c), the internal masking element 7 and the internal masking element 7a extend parallel to the sides of the glazing along three longitudinal bands: upper 71, lateral 72, and 73. The three upper bands 71 ​​and lateral bands 72 and 73 of the internal masking element 7a are congruent with those of the internal masking element 7 on the F2 side (the inner edge of the internal masking element 7a masking from the inside the internal joint of the host cell and the carrier film 5).The internal masking element 7a is an enamel in F3 (or even F4) or an ink on the lower interlayer 32 in PVB or on the upper support 91 of the guest host cell or on the additional interlayer 33.

[0495] For the manufacture of laminated glass, one can:

[0496] -stack the different elements 31, 9, 5' with 5, 32 on the second sheet of glass 2 then proceed to the lamination, -or stack the different elements 32, 5' with 5, 9, 31 on the first sheet of glass 1 then proceed to the lamination.

[0497] Alternatively, the additional layer 33 is the size of device 9 and coated substrate 5, 5' so an intermediate frame layer is added.

[0498] A single interlayer frame can be used depending on its thickness from the upper interlayer to face F3.

[0499] Extraction methods 6 include, for example, extended or point-like geometric patterns, in particular with a width of no more than 10 mm to avoid the shading phenomenon.

[0500] For example, the distance between the extraction means extraction 6 and the diodes 4 (or the prismatic film 8) is at least 10 mm or 40 mm.

[0501] For example, the extraction means 6 include a diffusing coating (a network of disjointed and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with face F3 and covering at most 40% of the clear glass area to promote adhesion with the second sheet 2. The diffusing coating is deposited on face F3 (for example, a semi-transparent enamel) or on the main face of the lower PVB 32 layer oriented towards face F3. The diffusing coating 6 is polymeric or mineral and is deposited by liquid means (by inkjet, screen printing, etc.).

[0502] For example, the diffusing coating 6 is on face F3 (or even F4), for example with an acrylate matrix, preferably with a refractive index greater than or equal to the index n1 of the second sheet 2, with TiO2 particles of at least 100 nm in diameter and preferably at most 1 pm or 400 nm. It is 10 pm to 100 pm or even 50 pm thick. The diffusing coating (for example, based on PVB with TiO2 particles of 100 to 200 nm in diameter) is alternatively deposited on the face of the PVB facing face F3.

[0503] Alternatively, the diffusing coating 6 (for example, PVB-based with TiO2 particles of 100 to 200 nm diameter) is deposited on the face of the PVB 32 oriented towards face F2, and is then in contact with the optical insulating coating (or in contact with the back face if the optical insulating coating is moved to the front face). For example, the diffusing coating (a network of disjointed and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with the optical insulating coating (or the back face if the optical insulating coating is moved to the front face) covers at most 50% of the clear glass area to promote adhesion of the optical insulating coating (or the back face if the optical insulating coating is moved to the front face) with the lower interlayer.

[0504] In the ON state of the guest host cell (here, the clear state of the glazing), and in the OFF state of the light source (when the light source is turned off), the diffusing coating 6 can be opaque, white, or almost invisible.

[0505] The luminous laminated glazing 100 can have a plurality of extraction zones 6 as illustrated in figures 11c, 1d, 1e, 1f, notably of a given geometry (rectangular, square, round, etc.). As an alternative to the diffusing layer 6 which constitutes the extraction zones (enamel, ink, screen-printed or inkjet printed, etc.), a film can be applied or bonded locally to the third face F3 or even the fourth face F4 (prismatic film or film with a diffusing layer or diffusing in bulk) or between the PVB 32 and the carrier film 5'.

[0506] Light extraction can be dynamic. For example, the light source 4 (diodes, straight strip in one or more sections) is driven to light up (for example gradually) patterns (extraction means) of the light guide layer.

[0507] As illustrated on [Fig 3'], the diffusing coating can form a luminous signage around the periphery of the side glazing (movable or quarter window) in particular rear in particular in the form of a load indicator and comprises a plurality of (vertical or inclined) extraction segments 6 and / or in the form of pictogram(s) 6' (see [Fig 3']).

[0508] You can choose diodes emitting white or colored light for ambient lighting, reading... You can plan several series of 4 diodes (one edge, two edges, three edges, all around the periphery) controlled independently and even of different colors.

[0509] In a specific example of the glazing 100 in Figure 1: the first sheet 1 of Planiclear clear glass, 2.1 mm thick T the upper interlayer 31 in clear PVB with UV filter of 0.76 mm thick, the additional interlayer 33 in clear PVB of 0.38 mm thick, the lower interlayer 32 in clear PVB of 0.38 mm thick, and the second glass sheet 2 is a Sunmax glass of 2.1 mm thick with possibly a low emissivity coating on the F4 face, the guest host cell 9 of 0.4 mm thick.

[0510] This glazing 100 exhibits, in the clear state (host cell invited in the ON state), a TL of 25% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 57, a1* = -7.1 and b1* = 14.1, and in the dark state (host cell invited in the OFF state), a TL of 1% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 10, a1* = -2.6 and b1* = 2.6; the blur in the clear state is 1.8%. Compared to Figures 1c to 1f, the opening side glazing has an irregular lower longitudinal edge 10, 20, which is not straight, with a protruding central portion 101, 201, and recessed front and rear portions 102, 202 and 102', 202', for example, of concave shape. The upper longitudinal edge 10', 20' may be straight, horizontal, or irregular. The lateral edges 10a, 10b may be parallel or not. The opening side window has a mounting area 110. The mounting area 110 may include at least one opening, as schematically shown in Figure 1e, for securing the window to the vehicle body.The mounting zone 110 can alternatively cooperate by clamping with at least one support or glass holder 9' at the lower edge 10, 20, as schematically shown in Figure 1f. There may be a single central mounting zone 110 or two mounting zones, referred to as front and rear (Figures 1e and 1f). The glazing has a lower visibility limit 701.

[0511] For example, in the raised position of the side glazing, the light extraction means extend to within 5 cm of this central portion, along a substantially horizontal axis (±1°), and the light source (and the prismatic reflective or transparent film) are longitudinally extended along this substantially horizontal axis (±1°). Preferably, the light source 4 is at least 5 mm from the irregular lower edge 10, 20.

[0512] In Figure 1d, the glazing comprises three segmented regions of guest host cells 9a, 9b and 9c, which are all connected to a common connector 41a.

[0513] In Figure 1g, the opening glazing is rectangular with a straight lower edge. The light source 4 is positioned at least 5 mm from the lower edge. The opening glazing is moved, for example, by a retaining device positioned along almost its entire length. The internal masking element 7 is preferably an enamel facing F2. The internal masking element 7 creates, for example, a frame that surrounds the entire periphery or extends in three bands as described previously.

[0514] The glazing unit 300 differs from the first glazing unit 100 in the stacking of the interlayer film in the laminate. Thus, the interlayer layer 3 comprises the additional interlayer layer 33 and another additional interlayer layer 33'. The other additional interlayer layer 33' is in direct contact with the host cell 9, opposite the upper interlayer layer 31. The additional interlayer layer 33 is in contact, on one side, with the aforementioned additional layer 33, and on the other side with the coated substrate. The outer pane 1 is clear, specifically a 2.1 mm Planiclear pane.

[0515] The upper interlayer 31 is clear PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm.

[0516] The additional interlayer 33 is clear PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm.

[0517] The other additional intercalated layer 33' is an OCA layer which is bordered by a spacer 36 made of a double-sided adhesive and by a butyl sealing joint 37, the assembly 36, 37 making the seal when the OCA is injected and allowing the gap thickness to be given between the guest host cell 9 and the additional intercalated layer 33.

[0518] The lower interlayer 32 is PVB Optical Grade Thin Film with a thickness of 25 µm.

[0519] The inner glass 2 is a 2 mm (2.1 mm) thick Sunmax glass.

[0520] In the mounted position, with the side opening glazing closed, masking can be achieved via a lateral perimeter seal or guide, but a width of at least 15 mm or even 20 mm is required. If the seal is not wide enough, it must be compensated for by the internal masking layer 7.

[0521] In the case of a side (door) window, a single masking layer, internal 7, peripheral (visible in the mounted position), with a width dm of at least 15 mm or even 20 mm, is preferred. This layer takes the form of a straight band on the lower part or even a peripheral frame ([Fig 3']). The internal masking layer 7 is an ink printed on the PVB of the upper interlayer 31. A minimum masking layer 7 can be used, which is a top masking strip (positioned high along the upper edge of the window). Masking is not necessarily required for the lower strip, as the bottom is hidden within the door body.

[0522] A preferred safety distance between the boundary of the guest host cell 9 and the light redirection element 8 (in particular the reflective or transparent prismatic film) is at least 10 mm. The light redirection element 8 (in particular the reflective or transparent prismatic film) faces this internal masking layer 7. And preferably, the reflective prismatic film 8 between face F2 and face F3 is offset from the guest host cell 9 to avoid overpressure.

[0523] The light source 4 is a straight LED strip 40 which is driven to progressively illuminate patterns (extraction means 6) in the light-guiding layer. The strip 40 has a width di, for example, of 15 mm.

[0524] The light extraction means here, by way of example, form a peripheral illuminated sign 42, with a plurality of extraction segments and / or pictogram(s), which are at a distance d2 of at most 10 cm, or even at most 5 cm, or for example, at least 1 cm or 2 cm from the light source 4 (which itself is notably at a distance da of at least 5 mm and / or at most 10 cm, 5 cm from the lower edge of the glazing). For example, in the mounted position, the light extraction means extend along a horizontal axis (+- 1°) and the light source (and the prismatic reflective or transparent film) extends along this horizontal axis (+- 1°) over a width of 15 mm. The light source 4 maintains, for example, the same distance for each extraction segment.

[0525] Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a 200mm opening laminated glass panel for a road vehicle according to the invention, in an embodiment of Figure 1. This 200mm glass panel is such that the outer pane is clear.

[0526] - a transparent functional solar control coating 16 is arranged on face F2,

[0527] - It may include an inner masking layer (not shown); this masking layer is, for example, black ink printed on the lower interlayer 32 made of PVB and around the periphery (in particular, in three bands along three sides). The longitudinal edges 10, 10' of the laminated glazing may not be parallel.

[0528] In a particular example of the glazing 200 of Figure 2: the first sheet 1 of Planiclear clear glass of 2.1 mm thickness for example coated on face 2 with a stack of thin films (solar control) comprising three layers of silver, the upper interlayer 31 in clear PVB with UV filter of 0.76 mm thickness, the additional interlayer 33 in clear PVB of 0.38 mm thickness, the lower interlayer 32 in clear PVB of 0.38 mm thickness, and the second sheet 2 of glass is a Sunmax glass of 2.1 mm thickness, the guest host cell 9 of 0.4 mm thickness.

[0529] This glazing 200 exhibits, in its clear state (host cell invited in the ON state), a TL of 25% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 57, a1* = -7.1, and b1* = 14.1, and in its dark state (host cell invited in the OFF state), a TL of 1% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 10, a1* = -2.6, and b1* = 2.6; the blur in the clear state is 1.8%. Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 300 for a road vehicle according to the invention in a third embodiment. This glazing can be integrated into a side window as illustrated in [Fig. 3']. The side window is preferably operable.

[0530] The side glazing has a typical width of 40cm to 80cm and a radius of curvature of 1.2m to 2m.

[0531] A side window (or even a quarter window) may have a lower edge that is not straight. In particular, a retaining element (holder) is placed on a downward-projecting central portion of the window (housed within the bodywork) for a window regulator system. For example, in the raised position of the side window, the light extraction means extend to within 5 cm of this central portion, along a horizontal axis (+- 1°), and the light source (and the prismatic reflective or transparent film) extends along this horizontal axis (+- 1°).

[0532] The glazing 300 differs from the first glazing 100 with respect to the stacking of the interlayer film of the laminate. Thus, the interlayer 3 comprises the additional interlayer 33 and another additional interlayer 33'. The other additional interlayer 33' is in direct contact with the guest host cell 9, opposite the upper interlayer 31. The additional interlayer 33 is in contact, on one side, with the aforementioned other additional layer 33, and on the other side with the coated substrate.

[0533] The outer glass 1 is clear, specifically a 2.1 mm Planiclear glass.

[0534] The upper interlayer 31 is clear PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm.

[0535] The additional interlayer 33 is clear PVB with a thickness of 0.38 mm.

[0536] The other additional intercalated layer 33' is a layer of liquid OCA which is bordered by a spacer 36 made solid by a waterproof adhesive 37, the assembly 36, 37 making the seal when the OCA 33' is injected and allowing to give the thickness of gap between the guest host cell 9 and the additional intercalated layer 33. The adhesive element 37 can be opaque.

[0537] The lower interlayer 32 is PVB Optical Grade Thin Film with a thickness of 25 µm.

[0538] The inner glass 2 is a 2 mm (2.1 mm) thick Sunmax glass.

[0539] In the mounted position, with the side opening glazing closed, masking can be achieved via a lateral perimeter seal or guide, but a width of at least 15 mm or even 20 mm is required. If the seal is not wide enough, it must be compensated for by the internal masking layer 7.

[0540] In the case of a side opening (door) window, an internal masking layer 7 is applied, and preferably an internal masking layer 7a. The internal masking layer 7a is congruent with the internal masking layer 7. The internal masking layer 7 is peripheral (visible in the mounted position) and at least 15 mm or even 20 mm wide, in the form of a straight band on the lower part or even a peripheral frame. The internal masking layer 7 is an ink printed on the PVB of the upper interlayer layer 31. At a minimum, there may be a masking layer 7 which is an upper masking strip (in the upper position along the top edge of the window). A lower strip does not necessarily require masking because the bottom is hidden within the door body.

[0541] A preferred safety distance between the boundary of guest host cell 9 and the light redirection element

[0542] 8 (in particular the reflective or transparent prismatic film) is at least 10mm. The light redirection element 8 (in particular the reflective or transparent prismatic film) faces this internal masking layer 7. And preferably the reflective prismatic film 8 between face F2 and face F3 is offset from the guest host cell 9 to avoid overpressure.

[0543] The light source 4 is a straight LED strip 40 which is driven to progressively illuminate patterns (extraction means 6) in the light-guiding layer. The strip 40 has a width di, for example, of 15 mm.

[0544] With reference to [Fig 3'], the light extraction means here, by way of example, form an internal light signal in the form of extraction patterns, specifically pictogram(s) 6', and a progress indicator through the gradual addition of extraction patterns 6. The extraction patterns, in the form of internal light signaling, are located in a lower peripheral band of the glazing, extending horizontally at least 10 cm from a longitudinal and horizontal light source 4 below the lower visibility limit of the glazing. For example, in the mounted position, the light extraction means extend along a horizontal axis (+- 1°), and the light source (and the reflective or transparent prismatic film) extends along this horizontal axis (+- 1°) over a width of 15 mm. The light source 4 maintains, for example, the same distance for each extraction segment.

[0545] The glazing 300 includes power supply connectors 41, which are notably flat, for example, connectors of the "FPC" type. One of the power supply connectors 41 may be a backup connector.

[0546] Figure 4 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 400 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment.

[0547] This 400 glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that:

[0548] - the additional intercalated layer 33 is optional (not present here),

[0549] - an additional intercalated layer 33' is arranged in the form of an OCA film (self-supporting) which is preferably bordered by a spacer 36 to provide the gap thickness between the host and guest cells

[0550] 9 and the 5' carrier film of the coated substrate.

[0551] Figure 5 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 500 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a fifth embodiment.

[0552] This 500 glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that the reflective prismatic film 8 has microprisms oriented towards face F3. The reflective prismatic film 8 is bonded to face F3 by adhesive 60 (bonding localized to the reflective prismatic film 8).

[0553] The reflective prismatic film 8 is positioned directly under and against the additional interlayer 33. The reflective prismatic film 8 lies substantially in the plane of the coated substrate 5, 5' which is shorter in length than in Figure 1. In addition, the internal masking element 7 (enamel or ink printed on the upper interlayer 31) is replaced or supplemented by an opaque PVB frame 71 (the upper PVB interlayer 31 is then shorter in length than for the glazing in Figure 1).

[0554] Optionally, the diffusing coating 6, for example a set of patterns of identical width, is not on face side F3 or face side F4 but is printed on the face of the PVB 32 face side F2.

[0555] [Fig 5'] represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a 500' illuminateable laminated road vehicle glazing according to the invention in a variant of the fifth embodiment.

[0556] This 500' glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that the reflective prismatic film 8 has microprisms oriented towards face F3. The reflective prismatic film 8 is specifically bonded to the lower interlayer 32 of the adhesive 60 (bonding localized to the reflective prismatic film s). In particular, the lower PVB interlayer 32 has a hole in which the reflective prismatic film s is housed and bonded.

[0557] The reflective prismatic film 8 is disposed at a distance from the additional interlayer 33. The reflective prismatic film 8 is directly opposite the additional interlayer 33, the coated substrate 5, 5' being of shorter length than in Figure 1.

[0558] In addition, the internal masking element 7 (enamel or ink printed on the upper interlayer 31) is replaced or supplemented by an opaque PVB frame 71 (the upper interlayer 31 in PVB is then shorter in length than for the glazing in Figure 1).

[0559] Figure 6 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 600 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a sixth embodiment.

[0560] This 600 glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that:

[0561] - the second transparent sheet 2 is shorter than the first transparent sheet 1,

[0562] - the injection of light is through the longitudinal slice 20 of the second sheet 2 (the prismatic reflector film 8 is removed).

[0563] Diodes 4 extend along the longitudinal coupling edge 20 of the second glass sheet 2. The PCB support 40 is fixed for example by glue 60 (or double-sided adhesive) to the face F1 of the first transparent sheet 1.

[0564] [Fig 6'] represents a schematic front view of the glazing in Figure 6. The glazing has a lower longitudinal edge 20 (below line of sight 701) which is straight and horizontal.

[0565] The internal masking layer 7 is peripheral (visible in the mounted position) and at least 15 mm or even 20 mm wide. This internal masking layer 7 consists of ink printed on the PVB of the upper interlayer 31. As explained previously, an internal masking element 7a can be added to the side of the inner transparent sheet 2. The glazing also includes an internal masking layer 7a.

[0566] The light source 4 is a straight LED strip 40, which is controlled to progressively illuminate patterns (extraction means 6) in the light-guiding layer. The strip 40 has a width of, for example, 15 mm. The light extraction means here, for example, form internal illuminated signage in the form of extraction patterns, in particular pictogram(s) 6', and a progress indicator through the progressive activation of extraction patterns 6. The extraction patterns, in the form of internal illuminated signage, are located in a lower peripheral band of the glazing, extending horizontally at least 5 cm, or even 10 cm, from a longitudinal and horizontal light source 4 below the lower visibility limit of the glazing.The means of light extraction extend along a substantially horizontal axis (±1°) and the light source (and the prismatic reflective or transparent film) are longitudinally extended along this substantially horizontal axis (±1°).

[0567] Figure 7 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 700 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a seventh embodiment.

[0568] This 700 glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that:

[0569] - the extraction means 6 are on the rear face Fb 52' of the optical insulating coating 5,

[0570] - the reflective prismatic film 8 has been moved while in adhesive contact with the additional interlayer layer 33 and reversed, the reflective prism (the reflective coating) is towards face F3,

[0571] - an intermediate frame 35 to compensate for the low thickness of the coated substrate up to the longitudinal slices 20 and 20'.

[0572] Figure 8 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 800 of a road vehicle according to the invention in an eighth embodiment.

[0573] This 800 glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that:

[0574] - the outer glass 1 is tinted, the upper interlayer 31 is possibly clear,

[0575] - the optical insulating coating 5 is on the front face 51' of the carrier film 5', so the carrier film 5' is chosen to be clear, and may even be protected by a protective layer,

[0576] - The prismatic film 8 has been moved (detail view) onto the rear face 52' of the optical insulating coating 5 and reversed; the reflecting prism (the reflective coating) is oriented towards face F3; the reflective prismatic film 8 is glued onto the coated substrate,

[0577] - the diffusing coating 6, for example a set of patterns of identical width, is not on face side F3 or face side F4 but is printed on the face of the PVB 32 on face side F2 so in local contact with the back face 52' of the carrier film 5'.

[0578] An IR 15 reflective coating can be used in the F4 face.

[0579] Figure 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 900 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a ninth embodiment.

[0580] This 900 glazing differs from the first 100 glazing in that:

[0581] - the optical insulating coating 5 is on the front face 51' of the carrier film 5', so the carrier film 5' is chosen clear, the prismatic film 8 is turned towards the face F2 by being arranged in the plane of the carrier film 5';

[0582] - the lower interlayer 32 is limited to the right of the coated substrate and an interlayer frame 35 compensates up to the longitudinal slices 20 and 20'; the prismatic film 8 is integrated into the thickness of the interlayer frame 35.

[0583] Figure 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1000 illuminated laminated road vehicle glazing unit in a tenth embodiment, without an additional interlayer 33. The stacking and the various elements are identical to those of the glazing unit 100 in Figure 1, except that:

[0584] - the additional intercalated layer is missing,

[0585] - The optical insulating coating 5 is directly on the rear face of the guest host cell 9, being carried by the second support 91' of the guest host cell 9 (which is shown schematically by dotted lines). The carrier film 5' is thus constituted by the second support 91' of the guest host cell 9

[0586] - face F2 is coated with a transparent reflective functional coating 16 (for example, a silver stack). Only one light extraction means 6 has been arranged on face F3, but another extraction means 6 could be arranged.

[0587] The F2 face can be coated with a transparent reflective functional coating (e.g., a silver stack).

[0588] Figures 10', 10” and 10’” are variants of figure 10.

[0589] In glazing 1010 of [Fig 10'] (relative to glazing 1000 of figure 10):

[0590] - the prismatic reflector film 8 is reversed, presenting its micro-prisms which are oriented towards face F3,

[0591] - the prismatic reflector film 8 is attached to the interlayer frame 34 opposite face F3,

[0592] - the light extraction means 6 are integral with the carrier film 5 of the coated substrate.

[0593] In glazing 1020 of [Fig 10”] (compared to glazing 1000 of Figure 10):

[0594] - the prismatic reflector film 8 is reversed, presenting its micro-prisms which are oriented towards face F3,

[0595] - the prismatic reflective film 8 is glued to the face F3 by a local glue 60.

[0596] In the 1030 glazing of [Fig 10'”] (compared to the 1000 glazing of Figure 10), the masking element is formed of an opaque PVB 310 frame.

[0597] Figure 11 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 1100 of a road vehicle according to the invention in an eleventh embodiment.

[0598] This glazing 1100 differs from the first glazing 100 in that: the lower interlayer 32 is limited to the right of the coated substrate and an interlayer frame 35 compensates up to the longitudinal edges 20 and 20'; the prismatic film 8 is disposed on the outside of the glazing, on face F4 against the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2, and is reversed; the prismatic film 8 is further opposite the light source 4, the prismatic film 8 is transparent, glued by an adhesive 6' to face F4, face F2 is coated with a transparent reflective functional coating 16 (silver stacking for example).

[0599] Figure 12 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1200 illuminateable laminated road vehicle glazing according to the invention in a twelfth embodiment.

[0600] This glazing 1200 differs from the first glazing 100 in that: the light source 4 (array of light-emitting diodes) is arranged on face F4 with the support 40 placed against and oriented perpendicular to the fourth main face 14 of the second sheet of glass 2, the light exiting parallel to face F4, a light redirection element 8 forms a beveled macroprism 8a and is coupled to the light source 4, the macroprism serving to redirect the light rays into the second sheet of glass 2 which serves as a guide layer, face F2 is coated with a transparent reflective functional coating 16 (silver stacking for example).

[0601] Figure 13 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 1300 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a thirteenth embodiment.

[0602] This glazing unit 1300 differs from the first glazing unit 100 in that the light is injected through the longitudinal edge 20 of the second pane 2 (the prismatic reflective film 8 is omitted). The inner opaque element 7a can be omitted. Alternatively, the second pane 2 can be recessed from the first pane 1 to accommodate the side-emitting light source 4.

[0603] Diodes 4 extend along the longitudinal coupling edge 20 of the second glass sheet 2. The PCB support 40 is fixed for example by glue (or double-sided adhesive) on the edge 20. Alternatively, the source 4 is housed in a hole in the second sheet.

[0604] In addition, light extraction means 6 are, on the one hand, in the guide layer 2 and against the third face F3, and on the other hand, in face F4 on the fourth main face 14 of the second glass 2, the extraction means 6 being spaced apart.

[0605] Figure 14 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glazing 1400 of a road vehicle according to the invention in a fourteenth embodiment.

[0606] This glazing 1400 differs from the first glazing 100 in that the source 4 is housed in a hole in the second glass pane 2. The second glass pane 2 has a through hole 17 covered by a cap 17' on the third face 13, a hole housing the diodes 4 and possibly even the diode holder 40. A cover 17" can close the hole and be fixed to the fourth face 14. Two coupling holes can be provided, for example, along the front edge of the glazing 400. The intermediate frame layer 34 of the host-guest cell 9 (layer 34, which will be opposite the source 4 and at the edge of the glazing) can be locally opaque (and sufficiently wide) to mask the cap 17', the hole 17, and the source 4 from the outside, in addition to layer 7.

[0607] Figure 15 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of a 1500 illuminateable laminated road vehicle glazing according to the invention in a fifteenth embodiment.

[0608] This glazing 1500 differs from the first glazing 100 in that it comprises a third sheet 2', of mineral glass or polymer sheet (PC, PMMA), with a fifth main face F5 15', a sixth main face F6 16' and a third slice 21', of refractive index n'1 preferably of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53, third sheet bonded with the second sheet 2 via another lamination interlayer 3' comprising another upper interlayer 31' and another lower interlayer 32' in contact with the fifth face F5 and of refractive index n'3 in the visible.

[0609] The coated substrate 5', 5 is then moved to be between the other upper and lower interlayers 31', 32' of said other laminated interlayer, for example in PVB or TPU or cross-linked material including cross-linked EVA.

[0610] The refractive index n2 is then less than n'1, the difference in refractive indices n'1-n2 being at least 0.06 in the visible.

[0611] Light is injected through the longitudinal (or lateral in alternative) edge 21' of the third sheet (the prismatic reflector film and the internal opaque element are removed) which is set back from the second sheet 2' for example by at least 1 cm to accommodate diodes (here emitting from above or front) 4 plus the support 40.

[0612] The optical insulating coating 5 is on the front face 51', in contact with the other upper layer 31' of the other laminated interlayer 3'.

[0613] Alternatively, source 4 is housed in a hole in the third leaf.

[0614] Extraction means 6 are opposite F6.

[0615] Figure 16 shows a view of a 2000 road vehicle with different luminous and variable-tint laminated glazing, in particular showing the location of guest host cells:

[0616] - lower or upper longitudinal bands 110, 210 of a windscreen 1', - full surface (here in two adjacent zones 210, 220) of a roof,

[0617] - full surface (or in several surfaces) of the opening side glazing 300 and even of a quarter window 410.

[0618] Laminated glazing can thus comprise several adjacent host-guest cells. Between the two cells, there can be the material of the first upper adhesive layer, notably PVB (by creep, etc.), or another interlayer frame 34 of the host-guest cell, notably PVB.

[0619] Between the two cells, we can have the material of the optical insulating layer (by creep etc) or of the first upper adhesive layer in particular PVB (by creep etc) or an extension of the external joint 34 of the GH cell, in particular PVB.

[0620] We may wish to mask all the borders of guest host cells by the internal masking layer 7.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Illuminatable vehicle glazing, particularly road glazing (100 to 1300), particularly side glazing intended to be mounted sliding in a vehicle door, comprising: a laminated glazing, preferably curved, having: a first sheet (1), transparent, of mineral glass, with a first principal face (11) called face F1, a second principal face (12) called face F2 and a first edge, a second sheet (2), transparent, with a third principal face (13) called face F3, a fourth principal face (14) called face F4 and a second edge, - between the first and second sheets, a multilayer polymer laminate interlayer (3), comprising an upper interlayer (31) on the second face and a lower interlayer (32, 34) on the third face, between the upper and lower interlayers (31, 32), at least one variable-color liquid crystal cell called the guest host cell (9) comprising a first edge, the guest host cell containing an electroactive layer (93) comprising a liquid volume of liquid crystals mixed with dichroic dyes, the electroactive layer between an upper support (91) comprising an upper electrode (92) surmounted by an upper alignment layer (94) and a lower support (91') comprising a lower electrode (92') surmounted by a lower alignment layer (94'), the electroactive layer (93) being between the lower (94') and upper (94) alignment layers,the lower support (91') being closer to the face F3 than the upper support (91), a guide layer, with a refractive index ng in the visible, capable of guiding light by total internal reflection, between the guest host cell and the guide layer, an optical insulator layer, optically isolating the guest host cell from the guide layer, an optical insulator layer with a refractive index n2 in the visible, and with ng-n2 which is at least 0.04 in the visible, of submillimeter thickness Ei of at least 400nm, characterized in that the glazing comprises a coated substrate (5, 5') which includes:, - a transparent film (5', 91') called the carrier film, made of a separate material consisting of a fluoropolymer and a crosslinked adhesive, with a main front face Fa (51') oriented towards face F2 and an opposing main rear face Fb (52') and a second edge, of submillimeter thickness Ef - an optical insulating coating (5) which constitutes the optical insulating layer, made of a material comprising a matrix distinct from a fluoropolymer, on one of the front faces Fa or rear faces Fb, called the coated face, and another second edge (50), the matrix having a refractive index n2 m greater than n2 and less than ng, and the optical insulating coating has (nano)poroses and / or (nano)particles of low index, with a refractive index less than ng.

2. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to claim 1 characterized in that the low index (nano)particles are nanoparticles in particular hollow of size of at most 300nm, preferably hollow silica nanoparticles, and preferably the matrix is ​​organic, preferably a polyacrylate-based polymer.

3. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a configuration i), the coated substrate (5, 5') is laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3, the second sheet having a refractive index n1 in the visible, preferably being at least 1.48 and of at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53, and in particular ng = n1 or in that in configuration j), it comprises a third sheet (2'), of mineral glass or polymer sheet, with a fifth principal face F5 (15'), a sixth principal face F6 (16') and a third slice (20'), of visible refractive index n'1 preferably of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53, the third sheet (2') being bonded to the second sheet (2) via another lamination interlayer (3') having another upper interlayer (31') and another lower interlayer (32') in contact with the fifth face F5 and of visible refractive index n'3, and in configuration j) the coated substrate (5', 5) is between the other upper and lower interlayers (31', 32') of said other layering interleaf (3'), in particular ng= n'1.

4. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower support (91') forms the carrier film (5), the optical insulating coating (5') being on the rear face Fb of the carrier film or in that the coated substrate (5, 5') being laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3 and distinct from the lower support (91'), the second edge extends beyond the first edge for example by at least 1 mm or 5 mm and even by at most 10 cm or 5 cm or 1 cm.

5. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coated substrate (5, 5') is laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3 and is distinct from the lower support (91'), the lamination interlayer (3) comprises an additional interlayer layer (33), the coated substrate (5', 5') being between the additional interlayer layer (33) and the lower interlayer layer (32), and preferably in contact with the lower interlayer layer (32) and: - the additional interlayer, which is thermoplastic and even PVB-based or made of cross-linked adhesive material, is in contact with the lower substrate, - or the lamination interlayer (3) has another additional interlayer layer (33'), made of cross-linked adhesive material, in contact with the lower support and the additional interlayer layer, and the additional interlayer layer is thermoplastic and even PVB-based.

6. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper interlayer is in contact with the upper substrate, an interlayer of laminated contact material, in particular lower or other layer, is in contact with the lower substrate, bare or coated with at least the optical insulating coating and even surmounted by a diffusing coating: - one of the upper interlayer and the contact interlayer is an adhesive layer made of cross-linked polymer material, and the other of the upper interlayer and the contact interlayer is a PVB-based layer, - or the top interlayer is a PVB-based layer and the contact interlayer is a PVB-based layer.

7. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier film (91', 5') is a polymer, preferably thermoplastic, in particular polyester, polyethylene terephthalate PET, poly(butylene terephthalate) PBT, poly(ethylene naphthalate) PEN, and the optical insulating coating is on the back face of the polymer carrier film.

8. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guest host cell (9) comprises a single cell or a set of subcells separated by separators forming an interconnected network, preferably polymer-based, with a width of at most 100 µm, and / or in that, at least in the clear part of the glazing, said guest host cell is segmented into several cell regions (9a, 9b, 9c) by at least one electrical discontinuity, in particular of width submillimeter, formed in one of the upper or lower electrodes, notably obtained by laser, each cell region having an electrical supply.

9. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in particular for a side glazing in particular opening, the guest host cell (9) has a dark state in the off or OFF state and a light state in the on or ON state, the alignment layers being homeotropic.

10. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guest host cell (9) comprises an internal polymer seal, preferably no more than 1 cm wide, between the lower support and the upper support and surrounding the electroactive layer, in the visible part of the glazing in the mounted position, the glazing comprises means for masking the outside of the first edge and the internal seal, and even the other second edge of the optical insulating coating, referred to as external masking means, and preferably the glazing comprises means for masking the inside of the first edge and the internal seal, and even the other second edge of the optical insulating coating, referred to as internal masking means, preferably the external masking means comprise a peripheral internal masking layer, which is: - a coating on face F2, in particular enamel, or a coating on the upper interlayer, - or an opaque interlayer abutted with the upper, so-called short, interlayer, set back from the first layer, - and preferably the internal masking methods include a peripheral internal masking layer which is: - a coating, on face F3 or F4, in particular enamel, or a coating on an intermediate layer of laminate under the lower support, in particular on a lower intermediate layer or an additional intermediate layer between the lower intermediate layer and the lower support or on an intermediate frame layer, - or an opaque interlayer of the lamination interlayer, under the lower support, in particular an additional interlayer between the lower interlayer and the lower support or on an interlayer frame layer.

11. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to the preceding claim characterized in that the glazing is a side glazing (300) in particular opening, the internal seal and the other second edge having a lower longitudinal border below the lower limit of visibility of the glazing, and in that the peripheral internal masking layer comprises an upper longitudinal masking band in particular horizontal or even one or more internal lateral masking bands, and in that preferably the peripheral internal masking layer comprises an upper internal longitudinal masking band or even one or more internal lateral masking bands.

12. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coated substrate (5, 5', 91') is laminated between the second and third faces F2 and F3, and the glazing comprises a light source (4, 4'), preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, which is on the fourth face F4 and coupled to a light redirection element (8) which is: - prismatic reflector element and third face F3, particularly opposite the light source, in particular prismatic reflector element comprising reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, - or transparent light redirection element, fourth main face F4 side.

13. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the light redirection element (8) is transparent and on the fourth main face F4 or is a prismatic reflector element on the third face F3, comprising reflector prisms, in particular oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, preferably offset from the host cell, and in that the light redirection element (8) is: - at least partially opposite the optical insulating coating (5), - or at most 4mm, preferably at most 1mm, from the optical insulating coating (5), - and / or the light redirection element (8) is a prismatic reflector element, in particular a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms, arranged on the third face F3 between face F2 and face F3, which is offset from the guest host cell, away from the first edge of the guest host cell, in particular by at least 1 mm.

14. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a diffusing coating (6), forming means for extracting light, preferably local or discontinuous, and opposite the invited host cell, and in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer (32), which is in particular based on PVB, in contact with the rear face Fb or the optical insulating coating (5) and / or on a face oriented towards the face F3 and / or is carried by the carrier film and on the optical insulating coating (5) and preferably in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer (32), which is based on PVB, the lower interlayer and diffusing coating assembly having a blur of at most 20%, the binder of the diffusing coating being organic, preferably chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane.

15. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means for extracting light (6), preferably in the form of a diffusing coating on the lower interlayer, forming internal light signage in the form of extraction patterns in particular - of pictogram(s) (6'), -and / or a progress indicator by progressive feeding of extraction patterns (6), internal light signaling located in a lower peripheral band of the glazing, in particular extending horizontally.

16. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the first sheet has a first irregular lower longitudinal edge having at least a first protruding portion called the first overhang, and in that the glazing comprises a longitudinal light source, in particular extending horizontally, and below the lower visibility limit of the glazing, at a distance from a glazing fixing zone intended to be coupled to a window lifting system, fixing zone connected to the first overhang, longitudinal source at least 5cm from means of light extraction in the clear of the glazing in particular in the form of a diffusing coating.

17. Illuminatable vehicle glazing according to claim 16, characterized in that the inner pane is of reduced size, the second slice is straight, in particular horizontal, and below the lower visibility limit of the glazing, the longitudinal light source is housed under face F2 along the second slice for optical coupling by the second slice, or in that the second pane has a second irregular lower longitudinal edge having at least one protruding portion, referred to as a second overhang, opposite said first overhang, the longitudinal light source is linked to face F4 and the glazing preferably includes a light redirection reflector element on the F3 face side opposite the longitudinal light source, below the lower visibility limit of the glazing.

18. Vehicle incorporating the illuminable vehicle glazing according to one of the preceding claims, in particular comprising a door housing the side glazing opening in particular at the rear according to one of the preceding claims.

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