Illuminable laminated glazed element for a vehicle, and vehicle comprising such an illuminable laminated glazed element

Abstract

The invention relates to an illuminable laminated glazed element of a vehicle, comprising a guiding layer and an electroactive device carrying an optical isolator coating.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE: ILLUMINABLE LAMINATED GLASS ELEMENT FOR VEHICLES, VEHICLE WITH SUCH AN ILLUMINATED LAMINATED GLASS ELEMENT

[0003] The present invention relates to an illuminable laminated glass element for vehicles, in particular a laminated glass element for road vehicles with light-emitting diodes.

[0004] Light-emitting diodes have been used for automotive glass roofs, including panoramic laminated roofs with LED lighting as described in document WO2010049638. The light emitted by the diodes is introduced edge-on into the inner glazing forming a guide, the light being extracted from the glazing by a diffusing layer on the glazing.

[0005] To improve light extraction, document WO2015118279 proposes a luminous laminated vehicle roof incorporating within the thermoplastic laminate interlayer a fluoropolymer film with a thickness of at least 600nm, with a refractive index n2 at 550nm, the inner glass being a light guide with a refractive index n1, n1-n2 being at least 0.08, the fluoropolymer film then forming an optical insulator between the inner glass and a tinted element such as the outer glass or an electro-controllable system with variable optical properties, in particular with liquid crystals above the optical insulator.

[0006] The present invention sought to develop an illuminable laminated glass element for a vehicle and carrying an alternating electroactive device.

[0007] To this end, the present invention relates to an illuminable laminated glass element for a vehicle, particularly a road vehicle (automobile: car, truck, public transport: bus, coach, etc.) or a railway vehicle (trains, metros, trams), comprising laminated glass (preferably curved) - transparent (at least in a central clear section) - preferably a roof (canopy, opening), side glazing (opening, fixed), particularly rear or front, or even a windshield or rear window comprising:

[0008] - a first (curved), transparent sheet of mineral glass, clear or tinted, intended to form the outer glass, with a first main face F1 (intended to face outwards from the vehicle) and a second main face F2 opposite, in particular bare or coated with a transparent functional coating (in the clear part of the glass), and a first slice, in particular with a thickness of no more than 1 µm or 200 nm, for a road vehicle and even a car, preferably with a thickness of no more than 4 mm, or even no more than 2.5 mm, or even no more than 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - and even with a thickness of at least 0.7 mm, for example with a refractive index nvd' of at least 1.5 in the visible spectrum

[0009] - a second (curved) transparent (at least in the central clear area) sheet, made of mineral or polymer glass, preferably extra-clear, with a refractive index n1 in the visible spectrum, with a third principal face F3 and a fourth principal face F4 opposite, preferably bare or coated with a functional (transparent) coating - in the clear area - and a second layer, in particular a functional coating with a thickness of at most 1 µm or 200 nm, the second sheet preferably made of mineral glass, the third face F3 facing outwards from the vehicle and the fourth face F4 facing into the passenger compartment, in particular with a thickness of at least 0.7 mm (to promote light guidance), possibly less than that of the first sheet of glass, even by at most 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even by at most 1.3 mm or at most 1 mm, the total thickness of the first and second sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4mm, even at 3.7mm.

[0010] - between the first and second sheets, a polymer laminate interlayer, in particular transparent (at least in the clear (central) window area) - in adhesive contact with the second bare or coated face F2 (and with the third bare or coated face F3) and, - in particular a single or multilayer laminate interlayer and even single or multi-layered) - the laminate interlayer comprising an upper interlayer layer, on the second face side, - clear or tinted - preferably in adhesive contact with the second face F2 or with a functional transparent coating on the face F2 (in the clear window area) in particular a coating with a thickness of at most 1 pm or 200 nm, and a lower interlayer layer (32) - with a refractive index n3 in the visible range - on the third face side,

[0011] The laminated glazing according to the invention also comprises:

[0012] - between the upper and lower interlayers, an electroactive device, preferably with variable diffusion, containing an electroactive layer, preferably comprising liquid crystals and a polymer phase and with optional colorants (in particular droplets dispersed in the polymer matrix, "PDLC" layer), between an upper support with an upper edge and an upper principal face Fs oriented towards face F2 and comprising an upper electrode, and a lower support with a lower edge, the lower support comprising a lower electrode, the electroactive layer being between (and even in contact with) the lower and upper electrodes, the lower support being closer to face F3 than the upper support and comprising a front principal face Fa oriented towards face F2 and an opposite rear principal face Fb oriented towards face F3

[0013] - between the electroactive device and the lower intercalated layer an optical insulating layer, with a refractive index n2 in the visible, n2 is less than n1, optical insulating layer, transparent (at least in the clear of the (central) window), of submillimeter thickness Ei and of at least 400nm and better of at most 10pm.

[0014] According to the invention, the lower support, preferably a polymer, particularly a thermoplastic, and even more preferably made of a material distinct from a fluoropolymer and a crosslinked adhesive material, comprises on the rear face Fb the optical insulating layer, which is an optical insulating coating, made of a material comprising a matrix distinct from a fluoropolymer, (and a first edge), in adhesive contact with the lower intercalated layer,

[0015] - preferably the second sheet being extra clear and the lower interlayer being clear, untinted, and even the first sheet and / or the upper interlayer being tinted (first sheet clear if solar control coating in F2)

[0016] - the optical insulating layer, which is an optical insulating coating, is notably in contact with a diffusing coating (a discontinuous locality, forming a means of light extraction)

[0017] - the second sheet has a refractive index n1 preferably of at least 1.48 and at most 1.6, in particular from 1.5 to 1.53 in the visible (in particular glass sheet, preferably extra clear), n2 is less than n1 (and even n3) - in the visible-,

[0018] The difference in refractive indices n1-n2 is at least 0.06 in the visible spectrum, and preferably at least one of the following values: 0.07, 0.08, or even 0.13. In particular, if n1 > n3, n1-n3 can be less than 0.05. Preferably, the refractive index of any layer according to the invention is defined for a reference value in a range from 550 to 630 nm, preferably to 600 nm. Preferably, the difference in refractive indices n1-n2 is verified for the entire visible spectral range of the light source. In particular, the light injection is in a lower part of the glazed element, under the optical insulating coating, preferably in the second layer (via an internal wall of a hole or with edge injection or via the fourth face F4, as detailed later).

[0019] The lower substrate (and preferably the upper substrate as well) and the optical insulating coating are preferably not based on a fluoropolymer (defined as having a fluorocarbon-based repeating motif) that adheres poorly to the lamination interlayer or requires corona treatment. According to the invention, a polymer of the optical insulating coating and / or the lower substrate may have a non-fluorocarbon repeating motif (in its main chain) but whose secondary functions (grafts, side chain) may contain fluorocarbons.

[0020] For the lower support, one can choose even an ultrathin glass (at most 0.6mm) and even for the lower support an all mineral solution with a mineral (or hybrid) optical insulating coating, for example to make a liquid deposition in particular a (nano)porous silica gel sol or even MgF2.

[0021] The mineral and / or organic optical insulating coating may be porous and / or have low index particles (hollow etc.) to lower the refractive index.

[0022] Thus, the optical insulating coating comprises a matrix, notably mineral or organic, with a refractive index n2 m greater than n2 and less than n1 and comprising (na no) porosities and / or (nano)particles of low index, with a refractive index less than n1.

[0023] The lower substrate can preferably be a polymer film, rather than even ultrathin glass which can break, and even an all-polymer solution with a polymer matrix optical insulating coating, for example deposited by a liquid process such as inkjet printing. Mineral (or hybrid) deposition is, for example, physical vapor deposition or sol-gel deposition.

[0024] This allows for a reduction in the number of films added (and the overall thickness) to achieve both optical insulation and electrode carrier functions (without compromising their quality), simplifying manufacturing and freeing up the F2 face, which can be left bare or coated. Furthermore, light extraction is improved by limiting stray light transmitted through the optical insulating coating.

[0025] The glazing preferably includes a barrier element around the periphery of the electroactive device (particularly variable diffusion and even PDLC), separating the electroactive layer (particularly the PDLC layer) from the laminate interlayer. This barrier element, which may be a polymer (e.g., thermoplastic) and may even be plasticizer-free, is located around the perimeter of the electroactive layer. The barrier element may be in contact with and / or at a distance from the electroactive layer (particularly the PDLC layer), notably separating the electroactive layer (particularly the PDLC) from the upper interlayer, the lower interlayer, or a frame layer of the laminate interlayer surrounding the electroactive device (especially if the electroactive device is at least 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm thick).

[0026] Advantageously, to further increase luminance: - the difference in refractive indices n1-n2 is at least 0.08 in the visible range and preferably at least one of the following values: 0.09, 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3, 0.31, 0.32, 0.33, 0.34, 0.35,

[0027] - the thickness Ei is at least 500nm or 800nm, 900nm, 1pm and preferably less than or equal to one of the following values: 10pm, 5pm, 3pm, 2pm.

[0028] For mechanical strength (especially if low index nanoparticles or porosities in the optical insulating coating) and / or depending on product availability (less easy at very low index), one may want to limit the difference in refractive indices n1 -n2 and choose at most 0.2 or at most 0.15 and preferably at least 0.1, 0.11, 0.12, this in particular for n1 from 1.5 to 1.53.

[0029] The lower substrate (and possibly also the lower and upper interlayers, second sheet, and upper substrate) exhibits a blur of no more than 1°, or even 0.5° (outside areas with light extraction mechanisms). Inclusions and pinholes are best avoided.

[0030] In particular, with n1 of 1.5 to 1.53 in the visible range (standard glass sheet), especially at 600nm and preferably from 500nm to 750nm and even from 380nm to 750nm, n2 and / or the average index n2 m may be less than or equal to one of the following values: - 1.42, 1.41, 1.40, 1.39, 1.38, 1.37, 1.36, 1.35, 1.34, 1.33, 1.32, 1.31, 1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26, 1.25, 1.2, 1.19, 1.18, 1.16, 1.17, 1.15.

[0031] In particular with n1 of at least 1.55 in the visible, the refractive index n2 in the visible especially at 600nm and preferably from 500nm to 750nm and even from 380nm to 750nm can also be less than or equal to one of the following values: 1.50, 1.49, 1.48, 1.47.

[0032] The optical insulating coating can occupy at least 80%, 90%, 95% and even 100% (non-marginal) of the surface of the lower support (Fb face).

[0033] The electroactive device (including the lower support etc.) can occupy at least 90%, 95%, 98% of the surface of the laminated glazing preferably with its edge surrounded by the lamination interlayer (by creep of upper and / or lower interlayer layer if device sufficiently thin or via a peripheral frame layer).

[0034] In particular, a lower (and even upper) polymer (thermoplastic) support without plasticizers is chosen, notably polyethylene terephthalate PET.

[0035] The optical insulating coating can have good adhesion to the lower support according to the invention, preferably polymer (and even thermoplastic) and even PET.

[0036] For example, the lower support, preferably polymer (better thermoplastic), has a smooth face on the Fb side, with a low surface roughness of at most 1 pm.

[0037] For optimal optical quality, the thickness Ei of the optical isolating coating varies by a maximum of ±5%. The Ei thickness is kept to the lowest possible level to avoid high material costs without compromising optical performance.

[0038] The tint can be adjusted independently of the choice of electroactive device.

[0039] Optionally, the first sheet is tinted and / or the upper interlayer is tinted and / or the lower (and / or upper) substrate, particularly a polymer (preferably polyester, PET), is tinted, notably with colorimetric coordinates such as |a| and |b| < 5. The lower interlayer, based on PVB with at least 10% plasticizers, is clear, and the second sheet is made of extra-clear glass. The optical insulating coating is transparent. It may be untinted (clear, without coloring agents), notably having (on its own) a light transmission of at least 80% or at least 90%, or tinted. In a configuration:

[0040] - Laminated glazing, such as a roof, has a light transmission (with illuminant A) of, in particular, 5% to 40%, and in particular the first sheet and / or the upper interlayer and / or the lower (and / or upper) substrate, preferably polymer (in particular polyester, PET), is tinted, in particular, having a non-zero light transmission (with illuminant A) of at most 45% or 40%, in particular of at least 10% or 5%

[0041] - laminated glazing, such as side glazing, in particular fixed rear (quarter window) or opening glazing - in particular having a light transmission (with illuminant A) of 20% to 60%, and in particular the first sheet and / or the upper interlayer and / or the lower (and / or upper) support, preferably polymer (in particular polyester, PET), is tinted having a light transmission (with illuminant A) of no more than 60%, in particular of at least 20%.

[0042] The side glazing can be fixed (in a sliding or hinged door) or opening.

[0043] The optical insulating coating preferably extends throughout the clear (central) part of the laminated glass, its edge being in particular under a layer (notably a frame) of masking (ink or enamel, opaque: black etc) closer to face F2 than the latter, which is a full opaque layer and possibly with discontinuous opaque patterns (gradient for more transparency towards the center), opaque layer detailed later.

[0044] The optical insulating coating is preferably a continuous layer that occupies the entire clear glass area and all or part of the coated Fb face.

[0045] For example, the lower support has on the injection side a marginal area without the optical insulating coating of at most 5mm, 4mm or 1mm (in particular frame or on one or more sides forming one or more marginal bands).

[0046] The optical insulating coating is, for simplicity, a single layer but can be manufactured in one or more passes (by liquid process).

[0047] The optical insulating coating can be topped with a functional layer, such as a protective layer: a diffusion barrier and / or mechanical protection, for example, a film no more than 100 µm thick and at least 30 µm thick, or a coating no more than 10 µm thick. An optical insulating coating can be chosen with a matrix (organic, mineral) and low-index nanoparticles (or hollow and / or porous) with a dense overlayer (organic, mineral) of the same matrix.

[0048] Preferably, especially to simplify manufacturing, on the lower support, preferably a polymer, preferably thermoplastic or even crosslinked, the optical insulating coating can be organic, crosslinked polymer or thermoplastic, and the protective overlayer organic, for example thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer.

[0049] The lower (and even upper) support according to the invention, preferably a polymer, does not adhere to the glass and is in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer that bonds the first and second sheets. Thus, in one embodiment, the lower interlayer is in adhesive contact with the lower support on both the front face (Fa) and the front face (Fb). In particular, the adhesive contact can be over the entire surface of the functional coating and in adhesive contact with the entire surface of the optical insulating coating. Optionally, a diffusing coating—forming light extraction means—is on the lower thermoplastic (PVB) interlayer, either localized or discontinuous (a set of patterns, etc.), and is in contact with the optical insulating coating or is even deposited on the optical insulating coating.

[0050] The surface of the optical insulating coating (before assembly) is non-adhesive, necessitating the use of a laminating interlayer. Specifically, the surface of the optical insulating coating is non-adhesive to glass to the touch. The lower interlayer is in adhesive contact with the surface of the optical insulating coating.

[0051] Optical insulating coatings are essentially varnishes that can be obtained from a photocurable resin, with photoinitiators if necessary, or from a thermocurable resin, a two-component mixture, etc. A layer of crosscurable resin is deposited on the polymer film. Once the material is crosscured, the free surface is not sticky.

[0052] The optical insulating coating according to the invention can, in particular, be a liquid coating obtained from a formulation preferably photocurable by ultraviolet (UV, in particular UVA) or a two-component coating cured by chemical reaction. UV(A) curing is preferred because it is faster and the equipment is less expensive / more compact than that obtained by chemical reaction. In a first example of an optical insulating coating, a UV-curable acrylate-based resin is deposited onto the preferably polymeric film.

[0053] In a second example of optical insulating coating, a single-component UV curable resin based on acrylates (urethane acrylate) is deposited on the polymer film.

[0054] In a third example of optical insulating coating, a silicone-based UV curable resin is deposited onto the preferably polymer film.

[0055] Preferably n2 mis at most 1.48 and n2 preferably at most 1.42.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, the matrix, in particular an organic matrix preferably based on a polyacrylate polymer, comprises low-index (nano)particles, in particular hollow ones, with an outer diameter of no more than 300 nm or even no more than 100 nm, for example, hollow silica nanoparticles. Preferably, the optical insulating coating is free of free silicone and volatile silicone components (a source of surface contamination).

[0057] More broadly, the matrix can be organic, in particular cross-linked polymer or thermoplastic, especially chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, PVB or the matrix is ​​mineral in particular silica.

[0058] The optical insulating coating includes in particular no more than 60% by volume fraction of (na no) porosities and / or low index (nano)particles (in particular hollow silica nanoparticles in polyacrylate polymer matrix) or one of the following values: 40%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%.

[0059] The refractive index n2 can be customized according to the volume of nanopores or low-index or hollow nanoparticles. As a first approximation, the following relationship can be used to calculate the index: n2 = f.n2m + (1 - f).n e where f is the volume fraction of the material constituting the layer and n2 m its refractive index and neft is the index of nanoporosity (equal to 1) or the effective index of nanoparticles (hollow or low index).

[0060] Table 1 below illustrates the refractive index n2 as a function of n2m and the volume fraction. [Table 1]

[0061] The mineral optical insulating coating preferably comprises (in particular is made of):

[0062] - porous silica-based sol-gel layer and E1 is at most 1 pm, better at most 800 nm and even 700 nm, to avoid the risk of cracking, n1 can easily go up to 1.3

[0063] - or oxide-based layer (silica etc.) deposited by physical means in PVD vapor phase such as magnetron sputtering and E1 is at most 1 pm better at most 700 nm because the deposition is very slow.

[0064] In magnetron sputtering the silica layer may contain one or more other elements such as aluminium and the refractive index may be 1.48.

[0065] The volume proportion of pores can be limited and controlled, in particular by the sol-gel method.

[0066] One can therefore choose silica produced from tetraetoxysilane (TEOS).

[0067] The pores can be closed, done by removing a particulate pore-forming agent.

[0068] The structuring of the sol-gel layer into pores is linked to the sol-gel type synthesis technique, which allows the essentially mineral matter (i.e. mineral or organic-mineral hybrid) to be condensed with a suitably chosen porogenous agent in particular of well-defined size(s) and / or shape(s) (elongated, spherical, oval, etc.).

[0069] The laminated glass element may include a protective transparent layer (film or coating), in particular a polymeric layer (thermoplastic or cross-linked polymer), with a refractive index greater than n2, a submillimeter thickness, and even a maximum of 10 Oprn, covering the optical insulating coating, possibly extending beyond it. In particular, it protects the optical insulating coating containing (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles, especially hollow ones. The protective transparent layer provides mechanical protection.

[0070] - in contact with the lower interlayer and even with a diffusing coating, forming means of light extraction (discontinuous or local), and even under the diffusing coating

[0071] The lower support is, for example, a thermoplastic polymer (flexible, curved to match the curvature of the glazing). The lower support according to the invention preferably exhibits dimensional stability, is compatible with the lamination process (pressurization at a given temperature), and is compatible with autoclave treatment.

[0072] The edge of the lower support and even of the optical insulating coating) can be at least 10mm away from the edge of the first sheet and even at least one of the following values: 15mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm.

[0073] For protection purposes, preferably, the perimeter of the electroactive device can be surrounded, in contact (adhesive), with a portion of the laminate interlayer (PVB, EVA, TPU etc.) for example with a width of at least 5mm:

[0074] - either resulting from the creep of the lower interlayer and / or the creep of the upper interlayer

[0075] - either by adding a peripheral frame layer (clear, tinted or even opaque) of a thickness greater than or equal to the thickness Ef of the electroactive device.

[0076] The thickness Ea of the interlayer frame can be similar to Ef, for example Ef ±50pm or even ±25pm or greater, for example if the lower interlayer of thickness E' is short, then Ea= Ef+ E'±50pm or even ±25pm.

[0077] The intermediate frame layer is in contact with the upper intermediate layer and possibly in contact with the lower intermediate layer.

[0078] We prefer to choose the same material (PVB in particular) for the upper and lower interlayers.

[0079] Furthermore, this laminated glass element is preferably curved. Particularly for the roof, it thus presents one or more curves, with one or more radii of curvature ranging from 10 cm to 40 m. The curvature can be quite pronounced, especially with high sphericity, meaning at least one radius of curvature of no more than 0.5 m in some areas. A side window (opening or fixed), for example, has a radius of curvature of 1.2 m to 4 m.

[0080] In order to avoid folds and undulations, preferably the peripheral area of ​​the electroactive device is in an area of ​​the vitreous element exhibiting a curvature, a sphericity limited in particular by a radius of curvature of at least 1.5m.

[0081] The thicker the electroactive device, the less likely it is to deform and create waves. For example, a thickness of at least 300 µm can be chosen in the case of areas of high sphericity in the vitreous element.

[0082] The electroactive device must have a surface area of ​​at least 1 m in length and / or at least 50 cm in width.

[0083] The electroactive device can occupy 100% of the clear glass area and preferably extends beyond it, and even the first edge (of the optical insulating coating) is outside the clear glass area.

[0084] The lower (and even upper) support can be a thermoplastic polymer or even a cross-linked polymer, in particular:

[0085] - polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN),

[0086] - polycarbonate (PC), - polyacrylate, including thermoplastic, polybutylacrylate, polymethacrylate (PMMA),

[0087] - polyurethane (PU), in cross-linked material,

[0088] - cellulose triacetate (TAC),

[0089] - polyolefin: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE),

[0090] - polyimide, polyamide, a film (coextruded) in P ET-PM MA,

[0091] - poly(vinyl chloride) PVC.

[0092] We prefer a PET film (easily available) or PEN, a polyacrylate film, or even PC (preferring PVB interlayers without plasticizers or with few plasticizers) or PMMA.

[0093] The lower (and even upper) support is preferably at least 30pm thick and preferably less than 200pm, in particular no more than 10Opm.

[0094] Examples of electroactive devices according to the invention are SPD devices (SPD = Suspended Particle Device), known for example as EP0876608B1 and WO2011033313A1, and PDLC devices (PDLC = Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), known for example as DE102008026339A1. There are also electrochromic devices, known, for example, as EP3702572A1 or EP2917159A1.

[0095] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the electroactive device is a PDLC (Polymer Disperded Liquid Crystals). The PDLC contains liquid crystals embedded in a polymer matrix. If no voltage is applied to the PDLC, the liquid crystals are randomly aligned, leading to strong scattering of light through the electroactive layer (translucency). If a voltage is applied to the PDLC, the liquid crystals align in a common direction, and the transmission of light through the functional element is increased (transparency). However, it is also possible that the liquid crystals are ordered in an unconstrained state and become disordered accordingly when a voltage is applied.However, other functional elements can also be used whose variability of optical properties is based on liquid crystals, such as PNLC (polymer networked liquid crystal) devices. For PDLC, an alternating voltage is applied.

[0096] For example, the blur in the diffusing state of glazing with a PDLC coating is at least 80% and better 85%, 90%, 95%.

[0097] In another embodiment, the electroactive device is a suspended particle device (SPD), containing suspended particles. These suspended particles change the optical state by absorbing light when a voltage is applied. SPDs therefore have switching states with transparent and opaque optical properties, as well as intermediate stages between transparency and opacity. An alternating voltage is applied.

[0098] In another embodiment, the electroactive device is an electrochromic device. In this case, the transmission of visible light through the electrochromic device depends on the degree of ion placement. The ions are released, for example, from an ion storage layer and stored in an electrochromic layer. The transmission can be influenced by the applied voltage, which causes ion migration. The electrochromic layers preferably contain at least tungsten oxide or vanadium oxide. A direct current voltage is applied. In a preferred design of the invention, the electroactive device, preferably a variable diffusion and even PDLC device, is divided into several segments that can be electrically controlled independently of each other.For example, the device is a variable diffusion device that switches one or more segments to a translucent state, i.e., to diffuse light, while at least one other segment is transparent, i.e., it does not diffuse light. Preferably, the electroactive device comprises at least two segments, especially preferably at least three, and especially at least four segments. The segments can be produced, for example, by discontinuities or isolation lines on the electrode(s). Preferably, a first electrode (lower or upper) is divided into several smaller electrodes by means of isolation lines. To further improve the optical quality of the electroactive device, in addition to the aforementioned first electrode, the electroactive layer can also be divided into individual layer elements by means of isolation lines.The isolation lines with which the electroactive layer and / or the electrode(s) are divided can be introduced by laser radiation, for example.

[0099] Also, preferably at least in the clear glass area, the electroactive device is segmented into several electroactive regions by at least one electrical discontinuity, in particular of submillimeter width, formed in one of the upper or lower electrodes, in particular obtained by laser, each electroactive region having an electrical supply.

[0100] In one embodiment of the electroactive device, the lower support and the lower electrode extend beyond the upper edge into a first protruding zone, notably with a width of at least 3 mm and even at most 10 mm, and the upper support and the upper electrode extend beyond the lower edge into a second protruding zone opposite the first protruding zone, notably with a width of at least 3 mm and even at most 10 mm. Preferably, the device has variable diffusion; the electroactive layer comprises liquid crystals and a polymer matrix, or even is a PDLC layer comprising liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix, and optionally dyes.

[0101] These first and second protruding areas, containing the electrodes (preferably at least 5 mm long), allow for simplified electrical contact. The electrodes (ITO, silver, etc.) can preferably extend to the top and bottom edges or be recessed, for example, by no more than 1 mm.

[0102] It is preferable to apply at least one first collector conductor (also called a bus bar or current supply, often straight) by soldering or bonding to the first protruding area of ​​the lower electrode and at least one second collector conductor by soldering or bonding to the second protruding area of ​​the upper electrode. The collector conductors used in this way are preferably made of wire or strip of electrically conductive film. The collector conductors then contain at least aluminum, copper, tinned copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten, and / or tin, or alloys thereof, for example. The strip preferably has a thickness of 10 µm to 500 µm, and more specifically, preferably 30 µm to 300 µm. Collector conductors made of electrically conductive films with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have advantageous current-carrying capacity.A collector conductor can be printed, preferably containing at least one metal, a metal alloy, a metal compound, and / or carbon, particularly a precious metal, and especially silver. The printing paste preferably contains metallic particles, metallic particles, and / or carbon, and especially precious metal particles such as silver. Electrical conductivity is preferably achieved through electrically conductive particles. These particles can be embedded in an organic and / or inorganic matrix such as pastes or inks, preferably in the form of printing paste with glass frits. This formation can be produced quickly and easily in terms of production technology, as silver-containing materials are characterized by high electrical conductivity and are relatively stable in the long term.The layer thickness of printed collector conductors is preferably from 5 µm to 40 µm, particularly preferably from 8 µm to 20 µm, and especially preferably from 8 µm to 12 µm. Printed collector conductors with these thicknesses are technically easy to implement and have an advantageous current-carrying capacity.

[0103] The collector conductors are connected to a voltage source, for example via flat conductors (fpc).

[0104] For example, collector conductors are at least 3mm wide and at most 10mm or 7mm wide.

[0105] Preferably, the glazing includes a barrier element around the periphery of the electroactive device, separating the electroactive layer from the laminate interlayer, which is itself a barrier element around the perimeter of the electroactive layer. Preferably, the device is a variable diffusion type, with the electroactive layer comprising liquid crystals and a polymer matrix, or even a PDLC layer containing liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix, and possibly colorants.

[0106] The barrier element is preferably designed to prevent the diffusion of plasticizers (such as PVB) through it. The barrier element preferably contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyvinyl fluoride. In particular, the barrier element seals the entire circumferential edge surface of the electroactive layer (PDLC). The barrier element may be in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC). The barrier element may also be positioned at a distance from the electroactive layer (PDLC) to avoid triggering an undesirable chemical reaction, while still preventing, for example, the diffusion of plasticizers from an interlayer (such as PVB). One or more adhesion-enhancing layers may be placed between the device and the barrier element.

[0107] The barrier element may comprise one or more individual layers (coating and / or film), preferably it has a thickness of 0.02 mm to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.04 mm to 0.15 mm.

[0108] In particular in the configuration with the first and second protruding zones, the barrier element is external (thermoplastic preferably PET), notably without plasticizers, at a distance from or in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC).

[0109] In particular, in the configuration with the first and second protruding zones, the barrier element is external, comprising a coating (in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC), or a polymer barrier film (thermoplastic, preferably PET), in particular without plasticizers, or several coupled polymer (thermoplastic) barrier films, in particular without plasticizers, (barrier film(s) at a distance from or in contact with the electroactive layer (PDLC), - coating or barrier film(s) covering all or part of the first protruding zone or even extending onto the upper face Fs, preferably by at least 5 mm and at most 15 mm and / or extending to the rear face Fb, preferably PET,

[0110] - and / or barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the second protruding area or even extending onto the back face and even extending to the top face preferably by at least 5mm and at most 15mm, barrier film(s), preferably PET.

[0111] The coating or barrier film(s) are on the perimeter, therefore present in the other two edge areas (non-protruding).

[0112] For example, the barrier element (film) includes:

[0113] - a polymer barrier film is a polymer frame (PET), in particular a Z-section frame (three portions), film in one piece around the perimeter or in parts (butted together etc)

[0114] - two polymer barrier films: a first film which is a polymer frame (PET), notably with a Z-shaped cross-section (three portions), coupled to a second film which is a rectangular cross-section frame.

[0115] The barrier element can have a C-type section.

[0116] Examples of barrier elements are described in requests WO2018188844A1, WO2019077014A1, WO2019238520, WO2019238521.

[0117] The first and second salient areas can be the longitudinal edges of the electroactive device (rectangular, square in shape).

[0118] The choice of protruding or non-protruding sides depends on the segmentation pattern of the electroactive device. Without segmentation, longitudinal or lateral edges can be more easily chosen.

[0119] The injection, the position of the light source (and the light redirection element), depends, for example, on the extraction pattern. If the design of the segmented electroactive device and the design of the extraction pattern allow it, the injection (the light redirection element) can be located at one or more non-protruding edges, for example, lateral ones.

[0120] The barrier element (resin etc.) can be external and the device has no protruding areas, forming a sealing joint especially around the perimeter.

[0121] Alternatively, the barrier element is internal, forming a sealing joint which is at least partly internal, between the lower and upper supports, in particular with an (internal) width of no more than 1cm.

[0122] An example of a sealing joint is described in application WO2019025178.

[0123] In particular, the barrier element, internal or external, including the coating or barrier film(s), preferably PET, is masked from the outside and / or the barrier element, preferably external, including the coating or barrier film(s), preferably PET, is opaque at least in part, including the opaque part opposite a light source on the F4 face side, preferably a set of light-emitting diodes.

[0124] Regarding the lamination interlayer, several configurations are possible.

[0125] The lower (untinted, clear) and / or upper (tinted, untinted, clear) interlayer, preferably in foil form, is thermoplastic or crosslinked adhesive material, preferably selected from polymers based on: poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB), or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (thermoplastic or crosslinked), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or an ionomer. An example of a monomer resin is marketed by Kuraray under the registered trademark SentryGlas®. The lower (untinted, clear) and / or upper (untinted, clear) interlayer of crosslinked adhesive material is, for example, a polyacrylate foil.

[0126] An interlayer (laminate) may include a plasticizer preferably containing triethylene glycol-bis-(2-ethylhexanoate). Other preferred plasticizers are carboxylic acid esters, especially low-volatility carboxylic acid esters, fats, oils, soft resins, and camphor. Other plasticizers are preferably aliphatic diesters of tri- or tetraethylene glycol. 3G7, 3G8, or 4G7 are particularly preferred as plasticizers, the first number indicating the number of ethylene glycol units and the last number the number of carbon atoms in the carboxylic acid portion of the compound.

[0127] The preferably upper interlayer can be made of UV-resistant PVB, for example Eastman's UV-resistant PVB, designated RU41, for example to protect any organic layer, electroactive layer (electrochromic etc.) or any organic coating or ink.

[0128] The lamination interlayer (one of the lower and upper interlayers, preferably the upper one) may be acoustic, in particular comprising or being made of acoustic PVB (three-layer, four-layer). Thus, the lamination interlayer may comprise at least one middle layer of viscoelastic plastic material with vibro-acoustic damping properties, notably based on polyvinyl butyral and a plasticizer, and further comprising two outer layers of standard PVB, the middle layer being between the two outer layers. Acoustic PVBs described in patent applications WO2012 / 025685 and W02013 / 175101 may be cited.

[0129] The lower and / or upper interlayer (untinted, clear) may have a transparency level (TL) of at least 80%, and even at least 85%. The first sheet is preferably made of clear glass and the second sheet of extra-clear glass. The lower substrate may have a transparency level (TL) of at least 80%, and even at least 85% or 90%.

[0130] The spacer for the tinted window frame outside the clear glass can be grey, black (opaque or almost opaque), preferably thermoplastic and even PVB-based (with or without plasticizers).

[0131] The laminated glass element according to the invention may include one of the following sequences (strict or open): - 1 / first sheet of glass (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) clear / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower interlayer (clear) thermoplastic (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second sheet of glass (extra clear)

[0132] - 2 / first sheet of glass (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower (clear) thermoplastic interlayer (PVB, TPU or EVA) or adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC).

[0133] For example, preferably:

[0134] - 3 / first glass sheet (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) clear / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower interlayer (clear) thermoplastic (PVB) / second glass sheet (extra clear) - 4 / first glass sheet (clear) / upper thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) / electroactive device (PDLC) with optical insulating coating / lower interlayer (clear) in adhesive crosslinked polymer material (EVA, adhesive polyacrylate etc) / second polymer sheet (PMMA, PC).

[0135] A polymer layer according to the invention (optical insulating coating, diffusing coating, interlayer layer, etc.) may contain at least 80%, 90%, 95% or 99% by weight of polymer(s) and even at most 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1% of additives.

[0136] A crosslinked polymer layer (optical insulating coating, diffusing coating, interlayer layer) according to the invention may contain a main polymer (or base polymer) of at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% by weight of polymer(s).

[0137] A crosslinked polymer layer according to the invention may include other additives (preferably less than 10%, 5%, or 1% by weight of the layer) such as at least one of the following additives:

[0138] - crosslinking agent, for example, photoinitiators (residuals),

[0139] - plasticizers (for added flexibility)

[0140] - Membership promoters

[0141] - Additives for durability.

[0142] The degree of polymerization or even crosslinking of a crosslinked polymer layer according to the invention is not necessarily 100%; the material may therefore contain residual prepolymers, monomers, and oligomers. The layer can be analyzed by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) after crosslinking to determine the degree of polymerization. A mixture of polymers may be present.

[0143] Laminated glass can include UV blockers or absorbers, or UV reflectors that filter ultraviolet radiation, particularly to preserve the electroactive device over time. In one example, a UV filter is placed between the upper substrate and the F2 surface, specifically:

[0144] - is a (thin) layer on face F1 or F2 of the first sheet of glass, or even on the upper support (side face F2)

[0145] -or is the upper intercalated layer.

[0146] When the UV filter is an interlayer, it is for example a film made of polymeric material which is based on at least one polymer chosen from the following polymers: polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), adhesive crosslinked polymer material.

[0147] The thickness of the polymeric film with UV filter function is preferably between 0.02 mm and 2 mm, preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

[0148] According to one characteristic, the light injection (from one or more light sources) is in a lower part of the glazing, under the optical insulating coating (i.e., in the direction of face F4). Preferably, the injection is in the second layer and / or the lower interlayer.

[0149] This injection of light can be via an internal wall of a hole (through) in the second sheet or with injection through the (second) edge of the second sheet (in particular the second sheet of glass is shorter or has a recess to place the light source) or via the fourth face F4, light refracted into the second sheet, as detailed later).

[0150] The glazing may include (for light injection) one or more light sources (peripheral, adjacent and / or opposite edges, particularly longitudinal), notably comprising one or more series of diodes. Optionally, each series of diodes is coupled directly to the second pane of glass—particularly via the edge or through the fourth face F4—or is coupled to an additional external guide for light injection into the glazing, for example, an optical extraction fiber with a light exit zone along the edge of the second pane.

[0151] In the case of a roof, it is preferable to have at least two sets of diodes called longitudinal series (diodes arranged along the longitudinal edges, parallel or not to these edges) and / or two sets of diodes called lateral series (diodes arranged along the lateral edges, parallel or not to these edges). For a given edge, a series of diodes can be in the form of several diode strips joined or separated (or even connected), preferably aligned.

[0152] In the case of side glazing, a longitudinal series of diodes is preferred (diodes arranged near the lower longitudinal edge, below the visibility limit, preferably linked to the glazing and even to a main face F2 or F4). A longitudinal series of diodes can be in the form of several strips of diodes joined or separated (or even connected), preferably aligned.

[0153] In particular, the luminance extracted from laminated glazing (especially roof, fixed side and even opening) is at least 2 cd / m² 2 and even at least 10 or 20 cd / m 2 .

[0154] In particular in a side window, the light source placed opposite F4 (in the door) is at most 25mm thick.

[0155] Several light injection configurations (for guidance) are possible.

[0156] In one embodiment, the glazing may include a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, which is optically coupled with the second pane of glass (preferably mineral):

[0157] - by a light redirection element, -local-, light redirection element reflector and third main face F3 side or transparent light redirection element fourth main face F4 side.

[0158] - by all or part of the second tranche,

[0159] - or by a wall of a hole (through thickness, closed) of the second sheet (or several walls of several holes), in particular a hole offset from a clear pane of glass, facing an internal masking layer.

[0160] In the case of light injection through the second layer, the light source is coupled to the layer of the second sheet, possibly within a through-hole in the peripheral notch. The light source can be housed in a polymer encapsulation as described in patent application WO2010049638, particularly in Figure 15 or Figure 16 of that patent application, and may even have a recess for removal or replacement of the source.

[0161] In the case of light injection via an internal wall of a hole, the second sheet, particularly one made of mineral glass, has at least one peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face F4 at least) and the light source is coupled to the wall of the second sheet delimiting the hole, preferably housed within the hole. The light source, particularly diodes, can be inside the hole, or can be combined with an optical element (guiding the light) between the injection wall and the light source in the hole or inside the passenger compartment. Examples of implementations described in patents WO2018 / 178591 or WO2013 / 110885 can be cited. The peripheral hole (through or even blind in thickness, open on the fourth face F4 at least) is masked by a masking layer in the case of a roof, otherwise for a side window (fixed or opening) concealed within the door.

[0162] In the case of light injection by relocating the (each) light source to the passenger compartment side (F4 face side), preferably the peripheral light redirection element(s) (preferably prismatic) is:

[0163] - reflector and third face F3 in particular prismatic, comprising reflecting prisms notably oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2

[0164] - or transparent on the fourth main face F4 in particular comprising a macroprism or transparent prisms, preferably prism(s) oriented towards the passenger compartment.

[0165] Each light source is then opposite or offset from the fourth main face F4, in particular direct optical coupling or via optics, in particular light source and light redirection element offset by a clear pane of glass, facing an internal masking layer.

[0166] An optical element (collimation element, etc.) can be placed between each light source and the fourth face F4, specifically an optical element fixed to the fourth face F4. The light source can be fixed to the fourth face F4. The principal direction of the light source's radiation (before or after collimation) can be adjusted.

[0167] In particular, laminated glazing includes a light source, especially peripheral, in optical coupling with the second sheet, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face F4, coupled to a light redirection element (peripheral, local, redirecting for guidance) which is:

[0168] - a prismatic reflector element, on the third face F3, opposite the light source, in particular comprising reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face

[0169] - a transparent redirection element on the fourth main face F4, in particular prismatic, in particular comprising prisms between the source and the face F4, or a (macro)prism adjacent to the light source (in particular diodes preferably with side emission).

[0170] The redirected light propagates between the fourth face F4 and the optical insulating coating.

[0171] For example, the (macro)prism is based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), cyclic olefin (COC, COP) (co)polymer.

[0172] A prismatic element (with microprisms) is preferred for reasons of space, particularly for a side window (opening or fixed).

[0173] The light redirection element, located on the third face (F3), is in contact with the lamination interlayer or a local adhesive, particularly a prismatic reflective polymer film. Preferably, the reflective light redirection element is a prismatic reflective element, preferably located above, but not exceeding 30 µm from, the face coated with the optical insulating coating, or in the plane of the coated face, or closer to the third face (F3).

[0174] The base or apex of the prisms of the reflecting prismatic element, in particular reflecting prismatic film, is preferably above at most 30pm of the coated face or in the plane of the coated face or closer to the third face F3.

[0175] The reflective light redirection element may comprise a prismatic (textured) film (with a smooth (non-textured, non-functional) main surface and a textured, functional opposite surface), flexible and therefore curved to adapt to the curvature of the laminated glass. In particular:

[0176] -a partially structured transparent polymer film forming (micro)prisms -and with a reflective coating (metallic, silver, aluminum) forming a conformal deposit-

[0177] -or a transparent (planar) polymer film, forming a substrate, with on a main surface a transparent (polymer) layer with an arrangement of (micro)prisms and with a reflective coating forming a conforming deposit-.

[0178] The (micro)prisms (reflectors) are oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2 (in the first configuration i)). The reflective coating is thus oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2.

[0179] The reflective light redirection element (comprising a textured film, particularly a prismatic polymer film, or a substrate film, particularly a polymer film and a textured, prismatic layer, as well as a reflective coating) can be bonded to the third face F3 directly or via at least one adhesive, or held by suction (strong interaction), particularly by the pressure of the assembly (in the first configuration i)). The reflective light redirection element is, for example, placed on the third face and, after the air is drawn out, a suction effect occurs.

[0180] The prisms can be at least 1 µm high, and preferably no more than 100, 50, or 30 µm. The film, particularly the prismatic polymer or microprism substrate (prismatic layer, organic for example), can be less than 200 µm, 10 µm, 80 µm, or 50 µm thick, and even at least 30 µm thick. If the film (reflecting prisms) is oriented towards the third face F3, the substrate film can be tinted and even opaque or opacified. For example, it could be a PET film supporting the reflective microprisms, tinted or even opaque black.

[0181] Preferably the prismatic film has a total thickness of at most 500pm or even 400pm or 200pm or 100pm.

[0182] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, comprising reflector prisms, notably oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, arranged on the side of the third main face F3, is:

[0183] - on the third face F3, particularly in contact with the lower intercalated layer or a frame intercalated layer (clear),

[0184] - in the laminate interlayer, particularly those based on PVB,

[0185] - embedded in the lower interlayer, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers), or in a clear frame interlayer around the perimeter of the coated film, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers), - on the lower interlayer, between the lower interlayer, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers), and the upper interlayer (preferably with plasticizers), clear or tinted, or a clear, tinted, or even opaque frame interlayer around the perimeter of the coated film, particularly PVB-based (with or without plasticizers),

[0186] - on the front face Fa, particularly in contact with the upper intercalated layer or an additional intercalated layer, or rear face Fb, particularly in contact with the lower intercalated layer.

[0187] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, which is a prismatic reflector film having reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 and bonded to the face F3 by a local adhesive.

[0188] Preferably, the prismatic redirecting element (particularly one comprising a polymer film and prisms) should have a width (preferably less than the width of a masking layer) of no more than 10 cm, or at most 5 cm, or even at most 2 cm, and ideally at least 1 cm, and a length similar to that of the linear (custom-made) light source. It could be a rectangular strip with rounded corners, for example.

[0189] Microprisms (equipped with the reflective coating) act in particular as reflective prisms and reflect the light that strikes them in a direction that depends on the angle of inclination of the prism surfaces and the angle of incidence of the light.

[0190] For example, a prismatic film consists of a transparent thermoplastic polymer film, for example, made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), onto which transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (a resin crosslinked, for example, by UV). A partially textured layer is preferred. For reflective prismatic films, a metallic layer (conformal coating), for example silver or aluminum, is added.

[0191] The transparent film of the prismatic film preferably has a light transmission of at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, very preferably at least 90%.

[0192] Microprisms, for example, have a triangular cross-section. Prisms, for example, are joined together.

[0193] For example, the total thickness of the prismatic reflector film is at most 500pm (specifically at least 30 or 50pm) and even at most the thickness of the lower interlayer.

[0194] Preferably, in order to avoid generating stray light escaping towards the second face F2 and diffusing, (the inner edge of) the light redirection element (peripheral), which is:

[0195] - transparent and on the fourth main face F4 (for example prismatic element (film) containing prisms or macroprisms, for example of triangular section, quadrilateral etc)

[0196] - or is a prismatic reflecting element (in particular film), comprising reflecting prisms, in particular oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2.

[0197] In particular, the glazed element comprises a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face (F4), and a light redirection element which is a prismatic reflector element, comprising reflector prisms, on the third face (F3), reflector prisms oriented towards face (F2) or face (F3), or is preferably a transparent prismatic element. And the light redirection element is:

[0198] - at least partially opposite the optical insulating coating - or at most 4mm, preferably at most 1mm, from the optical insulating coating (of its first edge).

[0199] In particular, the light redirection element is a prismatic reflector element, specifically a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms, arranged on the third side of face F3, between face F2 and face F3, which is

[0200] - preferably opposite the electroactive device:

[0201] - on the electroactive device, (directly or indirectly, in particular against or bonded by an adhesive to the lower support (area with or without optical insulating coating) adjacent to said barrier film of the barrier element extended on the rear face Fb, or which is on said barrier film), preferably reflective prisms oriented towards the third face F3, and for example bonded to the face F3 by the lower interlayer preferably based on PVB (with plasticizers) or by a local adhesive,

[0202] - or on face F3, in particular glued or against face F3, reflective prisms oriented towards the third face F2 in contact with the lower intercalated layer, preferably PVB-based (with plasticizers)

[0203] - or even offset from said electroactive device, possibly opposite or even on a barrier film (opaque etc) of the barrier element.

[0204] To prevent light leakage towards face F2, the glazing may include an internal peripheral opaque element located between the second face F2 and the third face F3, particularly opposite a light source on the side of face F4.

[0205] - on the electroactive device, preferably an opaque barrier film of the barrier element, in particular PET film

[0206] - and / or opaque part of a prismatic light redirection element reflector on the third face F3, comprising reflector prisms oriented towards face F3 (opaque film substrate of the prismatic coating, in particular opaque PET, or opaque prismatic coating)

[0207] - and / or opaque glue of a prismatic light redirection element reflector on the third face F3, comprising reflector prisms oriented towards face F3 or F2

[0208] An optical element (collimation element, etc.) can be placed between the light source and the fourth face F4, specifically an optical element fixed to the fourth face F4. The light source can also be fixed to the fourth face F4.

[0209] Each light source (diode array(s), particularly longitudinal ones) on the fourth side can be connected to a collimating optic or collimator. The light source, with an optional collimator, can be attached to the fourth side, either directly or with spaced joints and a peripheral support fixed to the fourth side. The collimator is located in the optical path of the light source. The collimator generates a light beam from the generally divergent light beam of the light source, with a beam path that is preferably essentially parallel, or at least a less divergent, i.e., more concentrated, beam path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator. The principal direction of the light source's radiation can be adjusted, for example, to form an angle with the normal to the glazing, for example, 22° to the normal to the glazing.The collimator can be made of glass or transparent plastic, particularly polycarbonate (PC) or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The collimator is preferably attached to the inner surface of the inner window, for example, by gluing. If the light source is designed as an arrangement of several LEDs, a separate collimator can be provided for each LED. However, it is preferable to use a single collimator for the entire LED arrangement. For example, in the case of a linear array of LEDs (especially a longitudinal LED strip), a collimator can be used whose length is at least equal to the length of the LED array.

[0210] An interlayer frame placed above any light redirection element (particularly a prismatic reflector element) can be tinted or even opaque, black especially to mask any stray light. The frame layer can be locally opaque (in a band) or opaque around its entire perimeter.

[0211] The possible inner peripheral masking layer (facing F4) may include a space to avoid blocking optical coupling, in particular to allow the light source rays to pass to the light redirection element, in particular a prismatic element and even a reflector.

[0212] This (transparent) redirecting film is, for example, longitudinal in shape, with rounded corners, for example, the length of the window opening. This redirecting film can be no more than 0.5 mm or 0.4 mm thick, and in particular at least 50 µm or 100 µm.

[0213] Each light source and each light redirection element, including prismatic elements and / or reflectors, can be offset by a clear window area, facing an internal masking layer. The redirection element (including prismatic redirection film) and / or the light source is, for example, at most 100 mm from the clear window area and / or preferably at least 10 or 20 mm. The outer edge of the light redirection element (including prismatic elements and reflectors, particularly prismatic reflector film) can be at least 10 mm from the first and / or second layer of the first sheet and / or the second layer, and even at least one of the following values: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, or 30 mm.

[0214] In particular, for electroactive devices with a thickness of at least 0.2 mm, an interlayer frame (made of the same material as the upper and lower interlayers), notably PVB-based (or, for example, pressure-sensitive thermosetting adhesive), surrounds and touches the first edge of the electroactive device and is between and in contact with the two upper and lower interlayers. This peripheral interlayer frame forms part of the lamination interlayer. The first edge of the electroactive device may be at least 10 mm from the first edge of the first (or second) sheet, and even at least one of the following distances: 15 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm, or 30 mm.

[0215] To avoid the risks of breakage, bubbling, and co-wrinkling (pressure on the electroactive layer), the reflective prismatic film (its inner edge) is preferably offset from the electroactive device (and even away from the first edge). For example, a preferred safety distance between the first edge and the inner edge of the prismatic film is at least 1 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, or, in particular, 30 mm. Specifically, any extraction means between the optical insulating coating and the F3 face opposite the lower support should be no more than 50 µm thick.

[0216] Naturally, laminated glazing can include a light source in optical coupling with the second sheet arranged under the optical insulating coating (further from face F2 than the optical insulating coating), and means for extracting guided light in the second sheet, which are on the third side, face F3 or face F4.

[0217] Each light source can be detachable, added, sold separately or as a kit.

[0218] The means of extraction can be temporary (detachable stickers) and therefore added or replaced, particularly on the fourth side, or permanent, particularly on the third side.

[0219] Each light source is preferably a set of light-emitting diodes (on a printed circuit board such as a PCB for "printed circuit board" in English, for example flexible), in particular a straight or curved strip.

[0220] Preferably, diodes are surface-mounted components on the front side of a printed circuit board (PCB) with conductive traces. The width (or length) of a diode with a single semiconductor chip, generally a square diode, is preferably no more than 5 mm. The width of the PCB, in strip form, is preferably no more than 5 cm, better still no more than 2 cm, and even no more than 1 cm.

[0221] One or more light sources (peripheral, preferably offset from the glazing or the clear glass) can be used, along with several sets of diodes. The light source(s) can be monochromatic (emitting blue, green, red, etc.) or polychromatic, or be adapted or combined to produce, for example, white light; they can be continuous or discontinuous, etc. The light source can be extended linearly (as a rectangular strip like a diode array) along one side of the glazing (longitudinal edges) or split (with similar or distinct light, for example, different colors and intensities, controlled independently or simultaneously) along both sides.

[0222] The means of light extraction may define at least a first diffusing zone, for example with a width of at least 0.5mm, in particular a first diffusing zone that is solid and / or includes a set of discontinuous diffusing patterns.

[0223] Laminated glass can include multiple diffusing zones of identical or distinct sizes and / or shapes. The extraction zone can therefore cover part or all of the laminated glass depending on the lighting or the desired effect (in the form of strips arranged around the perimeter of one face to form a luminous frame, logos or patterns, etc.).

[0224] The diffusing area can be in several zones, for example each with patterns, identical or distinct, continuous or discontinuous, and can be of any geometric shape (rectangular, square, triangular, circular, oval, etc.), and can form a design, a sign (arrow, letter...).

[0225] Under the optical insulating coating (further from face F2 than the insulating coating), means for extracting light, guided light into the second sheet, are for example in the form of:

[0226] - laser engraving, particularly on the second sheet

[0227] - texturing (acid attack of glass, etc.), textured film (particularly in the second sheet), - or diffusing coating (or film), preferably transparent, with a binder and diffusing particles, binder (organic, mineral or hybrid) preferably transparent with a refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 or n3, in particular of at least 1.48.

[0228] The means of extracting light can thus be a frosted area of ​​the second sheet of glass or at least an area etched into the thickness of the second sheet of glass (or even diffusing elements, such as glass particles or fibers, incorporated into the lamination interlayer).

[0229] Beyond adding an optical insulating coating (and a second extra-clear layer), there are various ways to increase the luminance performance of laminated glass: by adjusting the extraction methods (choice of transparency level, blur, and diffusing particle content) and / or the LED light injection. The transparency level is sometimes chosen based on a compromise between transparency and luminance.

[0230] Optionally, a diffusing coating (forming the light extraction means), localized or discontinuous (a set of patterns, etc.), is on the lower thermoplastic interlayer, particularly one based on PVB (for example, with plasticizers), particularly one based on PVB-, and is in contact with the rear face Fb or, preferably, with the optical insulating coating. The diffusing coating on the lower thermoplastic interlayer may be in contact with the rear face (Fb, bare or with an undercoat), with the optical insulating coating (on the Fb face), or with the F3 face.

[0231] In particular, the vehicle's illuminated laminated glass element includes a diffusing coating, forming means of light extraction, preferably local or discontinuous, and opposite the electroactive device, and in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer which is notably based on PVB, in contact with the optical insulating coating and / or on a face oriented towards the F3 face and / or is carried by the lower support and on the optical insulating coating.

[0232] When the light extraction method uses a diffusing coating (printed ink) on an interlayer of PVB or on the coated substrate itself, rather than on the second (or third) glass pane, it is easier to change the extraction pattern and tooling for printing on a flat film than on curved glass. For mechanical strength and, above all, to retain glass fragments, it is also better to have the extraction on the lower support or PVB rather than on the glass itself.

[0233] The diffusing coating, preferably transparent (in the off state), partially covers the lower interlayer.

[0234] For example, this diffusing coating (rear face side Fb) oriented towards face F2 is deposited on the lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) and preferably occupies at most 50% or 40% of the glazing, or the clear glass, or the lower interlayer.

[0235] For example, this diffusing coating is on the F3 face or F3 face side of the lower thermoplastic interlayer (PVB) and preferably occupies at most 40% or 30% of the glazing, or the clear glass, or the lower interlayer.

[0236] The binder for the diffusing coating can be a transparent ink. Extraction methods include, for example, a diffusing layer in the form of ink on a polymeric film (such as PVB with or without a plasticizer) consisting of the lower interlayer or another layer. Preferably, the diffusing coating on its substrate (second sheet, lower interlayer, lower support) exhibits a light transmission of at least 80% and a blur of no more than 30%.

[0237] In particular, laminated glazing includes, under the optical insulating coating, means for extracting light, comprising a diffusing coating, preferably transparent, with a binder and diffusing particles, binder preferably of refractive index n5 greater than or equal to n1 (or even n3), in particular of at least 1.48.

[0238] In particular, the lower interlayer (thermoplastic such as PVB) or the second sheet is the substrate for the diffusing coating (thus on face F4 or F3 or rear face Fb), possibly in contact with the optical insulating coating on the rear face Fb,

[0239] For example, the binder of the diffusing coating is organic, in particular cross-linked polymer, chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, or even thermoplastic based on PVB, or even TPU.

[0240] The lower interlayer can be PVB-based, comprising 70% to 75% PVB by weight, 25% to 30% plasticizer by weight, and less than 1% additives by weight. There are also PVB sheets with little (less than 10% or 5% by weight of plasticizers) or no plasticizer at all, such as the "OPTICAL GRADE THIN FILM" from KURARAY.

[0241] When the substrate of the diffusing coating is the lower interlayer, a PVB-based material with no plasticizers, or with a maximum of 15%, 10%, or 5% plasticizers, can be chosen. For example, the thickness of the lower interlayer forming the substrate is at most 200 µm, or even 250 µm.

[0242] An example of a diffusing coating on a polymer layer, in particular a laminate interlayer and based on PVB, is in document W02021005162.

[0243] An example of a diffusing coating on a layer of PVB or glass laminate interlayer is in document WO2023285743.

[0244] For example, the binder of the diffusing coating is a polyacrylate polymer and the binder of the optical insulating coating is a polyacrylate polymer with low index nanoparticles or nanoporosity and / or hollows, especially if the coatings come into contact after lamination.

[0245] Preferably, the diffusing particles (dielectric, organic or mineral, for example metal oxides) have a particle size defined by D90 less than 2 pm, preferably of at least 100nm and even at most 700 nm, in particular 400 nm ±100nm.

[0246] Preferably, the scattering particles are chosen from non-luminescent particles of TiC>2, SiC>2, CaCCh, ZnO, Al2O3, ZrC>2. Preferably, the particles have a (high) refractive index, greater than or equal to 1.8 or even 2 (greater than n5, in particular by at most 1.8 or 1.7).

[0247] Preferably, for the manufacture of the diffusing coating, a resin curable under ultraviolet radiation is chosen from among a reaction product between a thiol and an alkene (called thiol-ene), an acrylate such as epoxy-acrylate, polyester-acrylate, urethane-acrylate, silicone-acrylate alone or in a mixture of several of them.

[0248] The diffusing coating thickness is at most 100 µm, preferably at most 50 µm, and specifically at least 5 µm or 10 µm. The minimum thickness may depend on the deposition method. A thinner coating reduces material costs, but the thickness can be adjusted to modify the visibility / luminance trade-off of the pattern.

[0249] Light extraction can be dynamic and the light source (diodes, straight strip in one or more sections) is driven to light up (e.g. gradually) patterns forming means of (geometric) extraction of the light guiding layer.

[0250] In particular the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer which is based on PVB (with or without plasticizers), the whole lower interlayer and diffusing coating having a blur of no more than 20% or even no more than 10%, the binder of the diffusing coating being organic (polymer) preferably chosen from polymer based on polyacrylate, polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane.

[0251] The glazing may be side glazing, particularly opening and rear glazing, which includes means for extracting light, preferably in the form of a diffusing coating on the lower interlayer, forming internal light signaling in the form of extraction patterns in particular:

[0252] - of pictogram(s),

[0253] - and / or progress indicator (charge level of electronic equipment, vehicle, progress of journey), by progressively feeding extraction patterns (geometric, or even in the form of pictograms),

[0254] - Internal illuminated signage located in a lower peripheral band of the glazing, specifically no more than 10cm or 5cm from the lower visibility limit of the glazing, extending horizontally, and / or at least 5cm from a longitudinal and horizontal light source below the lower visibility limit of the glazing. Extraction motifs are therefore preferably equidistant from the light source.

[0255] The thickness of the first pane of glazing is preferably at most 4mm, or even at most 2.5mm, even at most 2.2mm - in particular 1.9mm, 1.8mm, 1.6mm and 1.4mm - and even at least 0.7mm thick, for example with a refractive index nv of at least 1.5 in the visible.

[0256] The second sheet (preferably curved) is in particular at least 0.7 mm thick (to facilitate light guidance where appropriate), possibly less than that of the first sheet of glass, even by no more than 2.2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even by no more than 1.3 mm or by no more than 1 mm, the total thickness of the first and second sheets preferably being strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, even 3.7 mm.

[0257] The first and second sheets can be of shape and size in particular substantially identical, for example general rectangular or quadrilateral shape (longitudinal edges not parallel in particular for the roofs of vehicles especially road vehicles), possibly rounded corners.

[0258] The first sheet may be larger than the second sheet, thus extending beyond the second sheet on at least part (one or more adjacent or opposite sides) of its perimeter. The second sheet (on the passenger compartment side) may also be smaller, with its second edge set back by no more than 10 or 5 cm from the first edge of the first sheet of glass, on one or more edges (longitudinal and / or lateral), particularly or especially around the perimeter. In particular, the second sheet is optically coupled to a light source via its second edge (as previously described). The thickness between the first face (F1) and the fourth face (F4) is preferably no more than 9 mm or 7 mm, especially for a road vehicle.

[0259] The first sheet of mineral glass may be silica-based, soda-lime, preferably silica-soda-lime, or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and preferably has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe2Oa) of at least 0.4% and preferably no more than 1.5%. In particular, this first sheet of glass is tinted, grey or green.

[0260] To limit absorption, the second mineral glass layer may be made of silica, soda-lime, silica-soda-lime, aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, and has a total iron oxide content (expressed as Fe₂O₃) by weight of no more than 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably no more than 0.03% (300 ppm) and no more than 0.015% (150 ppm), and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The redox potential of the second glass layer is preferably greater than or equal to 0.15.

[0261] The second sheet can be made of polymer, in particular polyurethane (PU) based, typically with n1 of about 1.47, polycarbonate (PC) typically with n1 of about 1.59, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) typically with n1 of about 1.47, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with n1 of about 1.54.

[0262] The second sheet can be flexible to follow the curvature of the first sheet, which is either convex or pre-formed.

[0263] The first sheet of glass, and even the second sheet of glass chosen, can be produced by the "float" process, which allows for a perfectly flat and smooth sheet, or by drawing or rolling processes.

[0264] Examples of glass include float glass (or floating glass) of classic soda-lime composition, possibly hardened or tempered by thermal or chemical means, aluminum or sodium borosilicate, or any other composition.

[0265] The clear area of ​​the laminated glass is a central zone.

[0266] The lamination interlayer can occupy at least 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100% of the glazing surface.

[0267] The second face F2 can be the tin face (of the float glass) or the opposite face or the first face F1 can be the tin face.

[0268] The third face F3 can be the tin face or the fourth face F4 can be the tin face.

[0269] Regarding the electroactive device, the lower and / or upper electrode comprises (or is) for example, a conductive metal oxide layer or a silver-based layer, for example, a multilayer coating. The electrode (lower and / or upper) is specifically a multilayer electroconductive coating, which is a stack of functional layer(s) that are either a transparent conductive oxide, for example, ITO, IZO, AZO, SnC>2:F, or a metallic oxide (silver, etc.). The functional layer(s) are generally interposed between dielectric layers based on oxides, nitrides, and / or nitride oxides on the so-called front face oriented towards the electroactive layer. In particular, the lower and upper electrodes (coatings) are of the same type and even the same thickness, and / or the lower and upper substrates are of the same type (glass or polymer) and even the same thickness.The glazing can therefore include between the second face (in particular F2) and the third face (in particular F3), an opaque, internal peripheral masking layer, in particular an enamel (black etc) on the second face or a coating on the laminate interlayer (upper interlayer in particular) for example opaque coating (based on PVB and with coloring agent) on a main face of a PVB on the second or third face side.

[0270] The internal masking layer can be 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 5 mm) from the edge of the glazing, or even right up to the edge. This masking layer can be a band framing the glazing (windshield, roof, etc.), often black. Opaque coating is applied around the entire perimeter to conceal bodywork elements or seals, or to protect adhesives for vehicle mounting. This internal masking layer is in contact with the second main surface. This internal masking layer defines the clear area of ​​the glass. It can be advantageous for the outer edge of the optical insulating coating, or more broadly, any adhesive layer of the laminate interlayer, to be masked by the internal masking layer and not be within the clear area of ​​the glass. It can also be advantageous for the outer and even inner edges of the frame layer to be masked by the internal masking layer and not be within the clear area of ​​the glass, or for the frame layer to be beneath the internal masking layer.

[0271] The width of the internal masking layer along the sides of a motor vehicle component (roof in particular) is generally less than that at the front or even the rear.

[0272] In particular, another masking layer, called the inner layer, can be on the fourth side, called F4, on the passenger compartment side, facing the inner masking layer (and even of the same nature, for example, an enamel, especially black, on a second sheet of mineral glass).

[0273] In particular for an automotive component (the first sheet being the outer glazing) such as the roof:

[0274] - the width of the internal (and even interior) masking layer along the longitudinal edges can be at most 30cm, in particular 10-20cm.

[0275] - the width of the internal (and even interior) masking layer along the rear side edge can be at most 40cm or 30cm, in particular at least 1 or 5cm, and along the front side edge at most 60cm or 40cm, in particular at least 1 or 5cm.

[0276] The width of the inner masking layer is preferably greater than that of the inner masking layer. The inner masking layer is, in particular, congruent to or narrower than the width of the inner masking layer.

[0277] The internal and / or inner masking layer can be an organic or mineral binder (fused glass frit) with an organic or inorganic coloring agent, including molecular dye or inorganic pigment.

[0278] The internal and / or inner masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (flat with a solid edge or alternatively a gradient edge (set of patterns).

[0279] The glazing may also include at least one of the following functional elements:

[0280] - an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer between the second face F2 and the third face F3, preferably forming a frame, particularly in contact with the second face F2, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the outside and possibly masking all or part of the barrier element, even if it is opposite a light source and a light redirection element; - an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer, particularly on the fourth face F4, particularly congruent with or narrower than the width of the internal masking layer, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the inside

[0281] - an external electroconductive coating, in particular infrared reflective (low emissivity), such as a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer stack (in particular based on indium tin oxide (ITO)), on the fourth face F4 of the second sheet (in mineral glass), in particular such as a stack with a functional layer based on a transparent conductive oxide, and preferably dielectric coatings each comprising at least one dielectric layer, so that the functional layer based on a transparent conductive oxide is disposed between two dielectric coatings.

[0282] - an internal electroconductive coating, in particular infrared reflective (solar control), such as a stack of silver layer(s), on the second face F2 on the first sheet, clear, or on an additional film in particular polymer or even on the upper face of the upper support, in particular an internal electroconductive functional coating, comprising at least one silver-based functional metallic layer, and preferably dielectric coatings each comprising at least one dielectric layer, so that each functional metallic layer is arranged between two dielectric coatings, functional coating (transparent), in particular on the face F2 or on the face side F2 of the upper support.

[0283] In the case of a particular roof, the internal masking layer is not necessarily opaque enough to prevent stray light from entering, with the light source on the fourth face (F4). An opaque internal element, peripheral and between the second and third faces, specifically between this internal masking layer (delimiting the glass area) and the third face, or even replacing this internal masking layer, may be desirable.

[0284] The internal opaque element masks the light source (the light points of the source) which is on the fourth side (F4) or even masks the light redirection element (optical redirection film) opposite the light source.

[0285] We prefer an internal opaque element of the same or similar color to the internal opaque masking layer (if any), especially black.

[0286] This internal opaque element, preferably black, and preferably located under the internal black masking layer, is chosen from:

[0287] - a piece within the divider (black, with black coating, metallic piece, polymer, etc.)

[0288] - in particular a film, especially a polymer (non-adhesive) film, inserted within the interlayer, in particular a tinted film (a thermoplastic film that is opaque in mass or with an opaque layer, for example) placed or glued onto the peripheral part of the transparent film

[0289] - in particular an opaque layer, for example on the peripheral part of the transparent film

[0290] - or interlayer, particularly thermoplastic such as PVB (area - outside the clear glass - of the lower or upper interlayer, or locally opaque upper layer or all around the perimeter). The internal opaque element can extend upstream of the injection zone (from the outer edge of the light direction element) to the edge or at least 1 cm or 5 mm from the edge of the glazing.

[0291] This internal opaque element can preferably have a light transmission of less than 5%, preferably even less than 2%, 1% or 0.5% or even zero.

[0292] An example of opaque PVB containing black pigments is the product called RB17830000 Vaneeva absolute black® sold by Saflex.

[0293] The laminated glazing according to the invention can therefore also include a layer reflecting or absorbing infrared, on face F2 or on a transparent polymer film (PET etc) between two interlayers or even on the upper support, in particular a stack of thin layers comprising at least one metallic layer such as silver (and even 2 or 3 or 4), the silver layer or each layer being arranged between dielectric layers on face F2 or at ITO for face F4.

[0294] The functional coating according to the invention is in particular a stack of thin films comprising at least two silver-based metallic functional layers, each silver-based metallic functional layer being arranged between dielectric coatings.

[0295] As an example of a film carrying the functional coating, we can cite, for example, the XIR® film from the company Eastman.

[0296] In this description, unless otherwise indicated, the expression "based on", used to describe a material or layer as to what it contains, means that the mass fraction of the constituent it comprises is at least 50%, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 90%.

[0297] It is understood that the functional coating can also be used to electrically heat the glass.

[0298] The functional coating preferably comprises at least two or three silver-based metallic functional layers, each arranged between two dielectric coatings. The thickness of one (of each) silver-based metallic functional layer is preferably from 5 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 5 nm to 25 nm and even from 8 to 15 nm.

[0299] The functional coating may further include at least one blocking layer located in contact with a silver-based functional metallic layer.

[0300] The blocking layer(s) are chosen from:

[0301] - metallic coatings based on a metal or metallic alloy, metallic nitride coatings, and metallic oxynitride coatings of one or more elements selected from titanium, zinc, tin, nickel, chromium, and niobium,

[0302] - the metallic oxide layers of one or more elements chosen from titanium, nickel, chromium and niobium.

[0303] A particularly advantageous embodiment of the functional coating involves a defined stacking starting from the transparent film comprising:

[0304] - a first dielectric coating comprising at least one barrier layer and one stabilizing dielectric layer,

[0305] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0306] - a first functional layer,

[0307] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0308] - a second dielectric coating comprising at least one lower stabilizing dielectric layer, one barrier layer and one upper stabilizing dielectric layer, - optionally a blocking layer,

[0309] - a second functional layer,

[0310] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0311] - a third dielectric coating comprising at least one lower stabilizing dielectric layer, one barrier layer, and one upper stabilizing dielectric layer,

[0312] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0313] - a third functional layer,

[0314] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0315] - a fourth dielectric coating comprising at least one dielectric layer with a stabilizing function, one layer with a barrier function,

[0316] - possibly a protective layer.

[0317] Another particularly advantageous embodiment of the functional coating involves a defined stacking starting from the transparent film:

[0318] - a first dielectric coating comprising at least one silicon nitride-based layer and one zinc oxide-based layer,

[0319] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0320] - a first functional layer,

[0321] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0322] - a second dielectric coating comprising at least three successive layers: a zinc oxide-based layer, a silicon nitride-based layer, and a zinc oxide-based layer,

[0323] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0324] - a second functional layer,

[0325] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0326] - a third dielectric coating comprising at least three successive layers: a zinc oxide-based layer, a silicon nitride-based layer, and a zinc oxide-based layer,

[0327] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0328] - a third functional layer,

[0329] - possibly a blocking layer,

[0330] - a fourth dielectric coating comprising at least one zinc oxide-based layer, one silicon nitride-based layer and

[0331] - possibly a protective layer.

[0332] The following two examples are transparent films with a functional coating of 3 layers of silver with dielectric coatings.

[0333] Example 1

[0334]

[0335] Example 2

[0336] Examples of ITO stacking for the F4 face include those described in US patent 2015 / 0146286, specifically examples 1 through 3. An infrared-reflective coating is also known from the patent application.

[0337] WO2018 / 206236 and in particular:

[0338] - a dielectric coating comprising dielectric layers such as silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide layers,

[0339] - a functional layer based on a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer,

[0340] - a dielectric coating comprising dielectric layers such as silicon nitride and silicon oxide layers.

[0341] The invention also relates to a road vehicle incorporating the aforementioned illuminable laminated glazing of the invention, in particular the laminated glazing being a roof (canopy or canopy in English) or a side glazing (fixed or opening).

[0342] In this application, the term "road vehicle" means a car, in particular a utility vehicle (van, light van, delivery van) under 3.5 tonnes (light utility vehicle) or a truck or a shuttle, small public, private or public transport vehicle.

[0343] Other details and advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the examples according to the invention illustrated by the following figures.

[0344] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 100 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a first embodiment. Figure 1a shows a detailed view of the prismatic reflector film used to redirect the light in the first embodiment. Figure 1' shows a schematic front view of the illuminable laminated glass element of Figure 1. Figure 1” shows a schematic front view of a variant of the illuminable laminated glass element.

[0345] Figure 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 200 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a second embodiment. Figure 3a shows a detailed view of the reflective prismatic film used to redirect the light in this third embodiment. Figure 3b shows a detailed view of the reflective prismatic film used to redirect the light in an alternative to this third embodiment.

[0346] Figure 3 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 300 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a third embodiment.

[0347] Figure 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 400 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment. Figure 4a shows a detailed view of the prismatic reflective film used to redirect the light in this fourth embodiment.

[0348] Figure 5 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 500 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fifth embodiment.

[0349] Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 600 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a sixth embodiment. Figure 6' shows a schematic front view of the illuminable laminated glass element of Figure 6.

[0350] Figure 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 700 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a seventh embodiment. Figure 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 800 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in an eighth embodiment.

[0351] Figure 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 900 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a ninth embodiment.

[0352] Figure 10 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 1000 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a tenth embodiment.

[0353] It should be noted that, for the sake of clarity, the different elements of the objects represented are not necessarily reproduced to scale.

[0354] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view, here lateral, of a luminous laminated element of vehicle 100 according to the invention in a first embodiment with peripheral lighting.

[0355] I represents a schematic front view of the element in Figure 1. In particular, for a roof (canopy) the width is from 85cm to 1.4m and the length from 75cm to 1.65m.

[0356] This is a laminated car roof, 100, rectangular and domed (in one or more directions), which includes:

[0357] - a first sheet of glass 1, for example rectangular (with dimensions 1600X1100 mm for example), with a first main face 11 corresponding to face F1 and a second main face

[0358] 12, referred to as face F2, and one edge (longitudinal slices 10 and 10'), the outer pane 1 has a tinted composition whose tint will be customized (for example, VENUS VG10 or TSA 3+ or 4+ glass marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass, or alternatively, clear glass (from Planiclear marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass), and face F2 being preferably bare or possibly coated with a transparent functional solar control coating

[0359] - a second transparent sheet, preferably mineral glass, 2, here of the same shape and dimensions as the first sheet 1, forming internal glazing, on the passenger compartment side, presenting a third main face

[0360] 13 or face F3 and a fourth main face 14 or face F4, and an edge (longitudinal slices 20 and 20' - for example, a sheet of extra-clear soda-lime silicate glass such as Diamant glass marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass with a TL of at least 91%, for example, 2.9 mm thick, glass with a refractive index n1 of around 1.52 at 600 nm or Optiwhite glass of 1.95 mm, or Sunmax glass of 2.05 mm

[0361] - between face F2 and face F3, a transparent laminated interlayer 3, with a longitudinal edge 30 aligned or possibly offset from the longitudinal edges 10, 10' towards the center of the glass (therefore recessed), here comprising:

[0362] - an upper interlayer 31, in particular thermoplastic, here based on PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight), of 0.38mm or 0.76mm (in one or two sheets) in adhesive contact with face F2, untinted (clear)

[0363] - a lower interlayer 32 of PVB (with plasticizers, at least 30% by weight), untinted, clear (as transparent as possible and with as few optical defects as possible), 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm thick (in one or two sheets) in adhesive contact with face F3, with a refractive index n3 of approximately 1.48 at 600 nm, for example, 99.9% TL PVB. Alternatively, the lower interlayer 32 is based on PVB with no or few plasticizers (in particular less than 5% by weight), in particular optical grade thin film, for example, with a thickness of no more than 100 µm.

[0364] The glazing also includes, sandwiched with the upper interlayer 31 and lower interlayer 32: an electroactive device, with variable diffusion, 9, containing an electroactive layer 93 comprising liquid crystals and a polymer phase and even PDLC, between an upper support with an upper edge and an upper principal face Fs oriented towards the face F2 and an upper support comprising an upper electrode 92 and a lower support 9T with a lower edge, lower support comprising a lower electrode 92', the electroactive layer 93 being between the lower electrodes 92' and upper electrode 92, the lower support 9T being closer to the face F3 than the upper support 91 and comprising a front principal face Fa oriented towards the face F2 and an opposite rear principal face Fb oriented towards the face F3.

[0365] The upper song has longitudinal edges 910, 911. The lower song has longitudinal edges 910', 91 T.

[0366] The lower support and the lower electrode extend beyond the upper edge in a first protruding area and the upper support and the upper electrode extend beyond the lower edge in a second protruding area opposite the first protruding area.

[0367] In these first and second salient zones, current supply strips of 90, 90' are added to the electrodes

[0368] The intermediate frame layer 33 (PVB) protects and surrounds device 9.

[0369] The glazing preferably includes a barrier element 94, around the periphery of the electroactive device, separating the electroactive layer from the laminate interlayer (here 31, 32 and 33), barrier element, around the periphery of the electroactive layer

[0370] The barrier element 94 here is external, comprising a pair of coupled polymer barrier films, notably without plasticizers,

[0371] - covering all or part of the first protruding area and even extending over the upper face Fs and / or extending to the rear face Fb.

[0372] - covering all or part of the second protruding area and extending onto the rear face and even extending to the upper face

[0373] In particular, it consists of two polymer barrier films: a first film which is a polymer frame (PET), notably with a Z-shaped cross-section (three portions 941, 942, 943), coupled to a second film 944 which is a rectangular cross-section frame.

[0374] The laminated glass element 100 has an internal masking layer 7 forming a masking frame that defines a glazed area 70 (daylight), here rectangular (see figure T) with straight edges. Any local modification of the edges 70 is possible (gradient of points, wider area, etc.). For example, the internal masking layer 7 is:

[0375] - a black enamel on the F2 face

[0376] - or a black ink, on one of the faces of the upper interlayer, preferably the face facing face F2, ink preferably based on PVB with black pigments if upper interlayer 31 is PVB. - the masking width at the front (front lateral edge side 10a) is for example from 10 to 40cm - the masking width at the rear (rear lateral edge side 10b) is for example from 5 to 25cm - the masking width on the long sides (longitudinal edges) is for example from 5 to 20cm, the same or different width for the two long sides.

[0377] The internal masking layer 7 masks the edges of the PDLC 9 and even the barrier films 94 from the outside.

[0378] To optically isolate a lower part (with light guidance and light extraction) and the PDLC 93 layer, the laminated glass element 100 further includes an optical insulating coating 5 on the rear face Fb (face side F3).

[0379] The optical insulating coating 5 is made of a material, preferably a polymer, comprising a separate matrix of a fluoropolymer with a submillimeter thickness Ei, of at least 400 nm and preferably 500 nm or 800 nm, and a layer 50 optionally recessed from the lower surface 911 without compromising the optical insulating function. The optical insulating coating may be directly applied or applied over a functional sublayer (barrier, etc.), transparent to the lower support 91'.

[0380] The 5' film is transparent and can be clear or tinted, especially a neutral color.

[0381] Optical insulating coating 5 is transparent, and even as transparent as possible.

[0382] The optical insulating coating comprises a matrix with a refractive index n2 m greater than n2 and less than n1, and preferably with n2 mof at most 1.48 (and preferably n2 of at most 1.42 and even at least 1.35), and comprising (na no) porosities and / or low-index (nano)particles, with a refractive index lower than n1, particularly hollow ones, with a size of at most 300 nm or even 100 nm, for example hollow silica nanoparticles. The thickness is preferably at most 10 pm or 5 pm and at least 800 nm.

[0383] The matrix is ​​a cross-linked or thermoplastic polymer, specifically chosen from polymers based on polyacrylate (preferably), polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyurethane, PVB, or minerals, particularly silica. Polyacrylate, polyurethane, or even polyepoxides, polyvinyl acetate, and polyester polymer matrices are preferred.

[0384] Alternatively, coating 5 is porous silica.

[0385] For the lighting function, the laminated glass element 100 also includes, masked from the outside by the internal masking layer 7:

[0386] - 4 light-emitting diodes (here front-emitting) on ​​a support 40 (for example PCB) opposite (or offset from) the fourth main face 14,

[0387] - on the third main face F3, a local, peripheral light redirection element such as a prismatic reflector film 8,

[0388] For example, the reflective prismatic film is a polymer prismatic film 8, as shown in detail in Figure 1a with:

[0389] - a flat part 81 (substrate for example PET of at most 100µm) glued or fixed by suction to the third face F3 13,

[0390] - and a textured or prismatic layer (embossing, etc.), partially or even fully textured, forming prisms 82 which become reflective by a reflective layer 83, for example metallic (by conformal deposition on the textured prismatic surface). Here the reflective prismatic film 8 is glued by an adhesive 60 to the third main face F3; it can also be held by suction.

[0391] Microprisms are schematically represented in cross-section as right triangles, but the apex angle can be adjusted to better direct light towards the extraction points. Similarly, the main direction of emission from the light source can be adjusted.

[0392] For example, a transparent prismatic film (then on the fourth side) consists of a transparent thermoplastic film, for example, made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), on which transparent prisms are formed from a polyacrylate (a resin crosslinked, for example, by UV). For the reflective prismatic film, a metallic layer is added (conformal coating).

[0393] The prismatic reflective film 8 is in adhesive contact here with the lower interlayer 32. The prismatic reflective film 8 forms a longitudinal band like the linear type light source 4 along a longitudinal edge of the element for example as seen in figure T.

[0394] Alternatively, the prismatic film 81,82 is a monolithic polymer film, for example preformed, and the reflective layer 83 is applied.

[0395] The light from the diodes is refracted in the second glass, in the prismatic reflector film 8, and then redirected at a given angle towards the light extraction means 6 (here on the third face F3), for example, diffusing ink, as transparent as possible if desired, and into the clear glass. The light rays propagate by total internal reflection at face F4, and—for some—by total internal reflection at the interface between the lower laminated interlayer 32 and the second sheet, reaching the extraction means (via the surface on the F3 side).

[0396] -and even for others at the interface between the interlayer layer of lamination 32 and the optical insulating coating 5 and reach the diffusing means via the surface on the face side F2).

[0397] The prismatic reflective film 8 is here under the optical insulating coating 5

[0398] As a precaution to avoid stray light passing through film 8, reaching layer 93 and even the masking layer 7, an optional internal opaque element 7' is added to the prismatic film 8 (of the same width and not exceeding the internal edge 80' of film 8), here an opaque (black) ink on the front face 5T of film 5' or a black PET film glued or placed on top.

[0399] Alternatively, a prismatic film transparent on the F4 side, downstream of the diodes, is chosen.

[0400] The diodes and / or their support can be attached to face F4 (by an additional part, etc.). Each light source (diode array(s), particularly longitudinal ones) on the fourth face can thus be connected to a collimating optic or collimator. The light source, with a possible collimator, can be fixed to the fourth face, either by direct gluing or by spacing the diodes and mounting them on a peripheral support fixed to the fourth face. The collimator is located in the optical path of the light source. The collimator generates a light beam from the generally divergent light beam of the light source, with a beam path that is preferably essentially parallel, or at least a less divergent, i.e., more concentrated, beam path. The beam cone of the light source is thus narrowed by the collimator.The main direction of the light source's radiation can be adjusted, for example, to form an angle with the normal to the glazing, for example, 22° to the normal to the glazing.

[0401] Alternatively, the diodes are side-emitting. The means can be doubled by adding another light source 4' on its support 40', and another prismatic reflector film 8' along the other longitudinal edge 10', as seen in Figure 1. The longitudinal edges 10 and 10' are not parallel here. In particular, one can have on each side a set of diode strips on supports 40, either disjointed or connected to each other. They can also be placed on the front or rear edges.

[0402] The extraction methods 6 are, for example, here extended or point geometric patterns, in particular with a width of no more than 10mm to avoid the shading phenomenon.

[0403] For example, the distance between the extraction means extraction 6 and the diodes (or the prismatic film 8) is at least 10mm or 40mm.

[0404] For example, the extraction means 6 include a diffusing coating (a network of disjointed and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with face F3 and covering at most 40% of the clear glass area to promote adhesion with the second sheet 2. The diffusing coating is deposited on face F3 (for example, a semi-transparent enamel) or on the main face of the lower PVB 32 layer oriented towards face F3 (a diffusing resin, for example). The diffusing coating 6 (polymer, mineral) is deposited using a liquid method (by inkjet printing, screen printing, etc.).

[0405] For example, the diffusing coating is on face F3 (or even F4), for example with an acrylate matrix, preferably with a refractive index greater than or equal to n1, with TiO2 particles of at least 10 µm in diameter and preferably at most 1 µm or 400 nm. It is 10 µm to 10 µm thick, or even 50 µm thick. The diffusing coating (for example, based on PVB with TiO2 particles of 100 to 200 nm in diameter) is alternatively deposited on the face facing F3 of the lower interlayer PVB.

[0406] Alternatively, the diffusing coating (for example, based on PVB with TiO2 particles of 100 to 200nm in diameter) is deposited on the face facing face F2 of the lower interlayer 32 in PVB, and is then in contact with the optical insulating coating 5. For example, the diffusing coating (network of disjoint and / or interconnected patterns) in contact with the optical insulating coating covers at most 50% of the clear glass to promote the adhesion of the optical insulating coating with the lower interlayer 32.

[0407] The luminous glazing 100 can have a plurality of extraction zones 6, notably of a given geometry (rectangular, square, round, etc.). As an alternative to the diffusing layer 6 (enamel, ink, screen-printed or inkjet printed, etc.), it can be a film, locally applied or glued to the third face F3 or even the fourth face F4 (prismatic film or film with a diffusing layer or mass diffusing film) or between the lower interlayer PVB 32 and the film 5'.

[0408] Alternatively, the light source can be one or more primary sources (diodes etc.) coupled directly to a guide, along a coupling slice, for example optical fiber extractor with light output area.

[0409] You can choose diodes emitting white or colored light for ambient lighting, reading...

[0410] Several series of four diodes (one edge, two edges, three edges, or around the entire periphery) can be used, each controlled independently and even in different colors. The injection and position of the light source (and the light redirection element) depend, for example, on the extraction pattern. If the design of the segmented electroactive device and the design of the extraction pattern allow it, the injection (the light redirection element) can be located at one or more non-protruding edges, in this case, the lateral edges (see Figure 6', injection along the two lateral edges).

[0411] The electroactive device can be segmented into several electroactive regions by at least one electrical discontinuity, in particular of submillimeter width, formed in one of the upper or lower electrodes, in particular obtained by laser, each electroactive region having an electrical supply.

[0412] Furthermore, a protective transparent layer, particularly a polymeric one, with a refractive index greater than n2, a submillimeter thickness (even as thin as 100 µm or 30 µm), could be applied to and cover the optical insulating coating 5, especially for mechanical protection if the optical insulating coating contains (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles, particularly hollow ones. This protective transparent layer is, for example, a protective coating deposited on the optical insulating coating 5. It could be the same matrix as the optical insulating coating 5 without the (nano)porosity and / or low-index (nano)particles.

[0413] Alternatively, the lower (and even upper) support is an ultra-thin glass (UTG) and / or the optical insulating coating 5 is porous silica with a possible protective coating of dense silica, for example coatings obtained by sol-gel process.

[0414] If necessary, an internal masking layer is applied to face F4 14 without hindering the injection of light source 4 (width possibly locally reduced)

[0415] Possibly the diffusing coating 6 is on the face F4 14, for example an enamel.

[0416] In a particular example: the first sheet 1 of Planiclear clear glass 2.1 mm thick, the upper interlayer 31 of grey PVB 0.38 mm thick, the lower interlayer 32 of clear PVB 0.76 mm thick, and the second sheet 2 of glass is a Sunmax glass 2.1 mm thick, the PDLC 9 cell 0.4 mm thick.

[0417] This glazing has, in the ON state, a TL of 24% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 56, a1* = -1.7 and b1* = 5; the blur in the clear state is 5% and in the OFF state, a TL of 16% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 47, a1* = -0.9 and b1* = 7.8; the blur is 97%.

[0418] In a particular example of the glazing 100 of Figure 1: the first sheet 1 of 2.1 mm thick Planiclear clear glass coated on face 2 with a stack of thin films (solar control) comprising three layers of silver, the upper interlayer 31 in grey PVB of 0.38 mm thick, the lower interlayer 32 in clear PVB of 0.76 mm thick, and the second sheet 2 of glass is a 2.1 mm thick Sunmax glass with a low emissivity coating on face F4, the PDLC 9 cell of 0.4 mm thick. This glazing has, in the ON state, a TL of 18% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 50, a1* = -2 and b1* = 8.6; the blur in the clear state is 6% and in the OFF state, a TL of 13% and the colorimetric coordinates L1* = 42, a1* = -1.1 and b1* = 10.5; the blur is 97%.

[0419] Figure 2 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 200 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a second embodiment.

[0420] This item 200 differs from the previous item 100 in that:

[0421] - Lens 1 is a Planiclear lens

[0422] - an IR-16 reflective coating is added to the F4 face, forming a low-emissivity layer.

[0423] - The extraction patterns are dimensioned and even on the optical insulating coating 5

[0424] - another light source 4' on a support 40' another prismatic reflective film 8' on an opposite edge (or in an adjacent variant)

[0425] - the removal of the internal opaque element on the optical insulating coating 5.

[0426] Furthermore, the prismatic film 8 (resp. 8') has been moved and turned over (detail view in figure 2a or 2b as an alternative) on the back face Fb on layer 5 or layer 5 is edged 5 (or locally removed).

[0427] An adhesive 60 is used to fix the prismatic film 8 (and 8'). In particular, the flat portion 81 (substrate, for example, PET of at most 100 µm) is tinted (black) and thus serves as an internal opaque element (Figure 3a). Alternatively, the adhesive 60 is black, thus serving as an internal opaque element, and the flat portion 81 (substrate, for example, PET of at most 100 µm) is, for example, clear. The film can even be textured (hence the dotted line between 81 and 82).

[0428] The infrared-reflective coating 16, transparent, single-layer or multi-layer, comprises at least one electrically conductive functional layer, for example of a transparent conductive oxide, in particular ITO. This infrared-reflective coating preferably comprises a dielectric sublayer, in particular silicon (oxy)nitride, and preferably comprises a dielectric toplayer, in particular silicon (oxy)nitride.

[0429] Figure 3 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 300 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a third embodiment.

[0430] This element 300 differs from the first element 100 in that the prisms 8, 8' are glued by a local glue 60 to the face F3, the flat part in adhesive contact with the lower intercalated layer 32.

[0431] Figure 4 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 400 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment.

[0432] This element 400 differs from the second element 300 in that

[0433] - Glass 1 is possibly a VG10 tinted glass (layer 15 omitted)

[0434] - the prisms are oriented towards face F2.

[0435] Figure 5 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 500 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a fifth embodiment.

[0436] This element 500 differs from the first element 100 in that the barrier element 94 is a single U-shaped PET film (three sections 941, 942, 943). Furthermore, the light source and redirection element have been duplicated. Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 600 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a sixth embodiment.

[0437] This element 600 differs from the element 200 in that the sources 4, 4' and prisms 8, 8' are along the lateral edges 20a, 20b (see figure 6'), for example on the barrier film 94 in Z, as close as possible to the optical insulating coating 5.

[0438] Figure 7 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 700 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a seventh embodiment.

[0439] This element 500 differs from the first element 100 in that the barrier element 94' is an internal joint between the supports 91, 91'.

[0440] For example the prismatic film (with opaque or non-opaque substrate, opaque or non-opaque prismatic layer) is oriented towards the F3 face and is between the frame layer 33 (which can be opaque PVB instead of means 7') and the lower interlayer layer.

[0441] Figure 8 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 800 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in an eighth embodiment.

[0442] This element 800 differs from the second element 700 by the injection of light: a transparent prismatic film (without reflective layer) is glued to face F4 (with or without ouche 16) by an optical glue 6'.

[0443] Figure 9 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 900 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a ninth embodiment.

[0444] This element 900 differs from the last element 800 in the light injection: a transparent macroprism (without a reflective layer) 82 is bonded to face F4 (without layer 16) by an optical adhesive 6'. The diodes 4 are lateral-emitting diodes adjacent to the macroprism on one face 82, allowing redirection to the glass sheet 2.

[0445] Figure 10 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an illuminable laminated glass element 1000 of a motor vehicle according to the invention in a tenth embodiment.

[0446] This element 1000 differs from the third element 300 by the choice of the outer tinted glass 1, the removal of the functional layers 15 and 16 (optional) and especially by the choice of the barrier element which is here a resin block 94', the light source (here with lateral emission for example) is optically coupled by the edge of the glass sheet 2.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Illuminatable laminated glass element of a vehicle, particularly a road vehicle (100 to 1000), especially a roof or side window, comprising: - laminated glass, preferably curved, transparent, comprising: - a first sheet (1), transparent, made of mineral glass, with a first main face F1 (11), a second opposite main face F2 (12) and a first slice (10), intended to form the outer glass, - a second transparent sheet (2), made of mineral glass or polymer, with a third principal face F3 (13), a fourth principal face F4 opposite (14) and a second slice (20), with a refractive index n1 in the visible - between the first and second sheets, a polymer laminate interlayer (3, 31, 32, 33) comprising an upper interlayer layer (31), on the second face side, and a lower interlayer layer (32, 34) on the third face side, - between the upper and lower intercalated layers (31, 32), an electroactive device, preferably with variable diffusion, (9), containing an electroactive layer (93) preferably comprising liquid crystals and a polymer phase, between an upper support with an upper edge and an upper principal face Fs oriented towards face F2 and an upper support comprising an upper electrode (92) and a lower support (91') with a lower edge, lower support comprising a lower electrode (92'), the electroactive layer (93) being between the lower (92') and upper (92) electrodes, the lower support (91') being closer to face F3 than the upper support (91) and comprising a front principal face Fa oriented towards face F2 and an opposite rear principal face Fb oriented towards face F3, - between the electroactive device and the lower interlayer layer, a transparent optical insulating layer (5) with a visible refractive index n2, n2 being less than n1, an optical insulating layer of submillimeter thickness Ei and at least 400 nm, characterized in that the lower support comprises on its rear face Fb the optical insulating layer which is an optical insulating coating (5) made of a material comprising a separate matrix of a fluoropolymer, in adhesive contact with the lower interlayer layer, the difference in refractive indices n1-n2 being at least 0.06 in the visible, the matrix having a refractive index n2 m greater than n2 and less than n1 and the optical insulating coating (5) comprising (nano)poroses and / or (nano)particles of low index, of refractive index less than n1.

2. Illuminatable laminated glass element of vehicle according to the preceding claim characterized in that the difference of refractive indices n1-n2 is at least 0.08 in the visible and in that the thickness Ei is at least 500nm, and even at least 800nm ​​and preferably at most 10pm.

3. Illuminatable laminated glass element of a vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the low index nanoparticles are in particular hollow nanoparticles of size of at most 300nm, preferably hollow silica nanoparticles.

4. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix is ​​organic, preferably a polyacrylate-based polymer, and the Low index nanoparticles are hollow nanoparticles with a size of at most 300nm, preferably hollow silica nanoparticles.

5. Illuminatable laminated glass element of vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the device is variable diffusion, the electroactive layer comprises liquid crystals and a polymer matrix and is even a PDLC layer comprising liquid crystal droplets dispersed in a polymer matrix, and optionally dyes.

6. Illuminatable laminated glass element of vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the glazing preferably comprises a barrier element (94), on the periphery of the electroactive device, separating the electroactive layer from the lamination interlayer, barrier element, on the periphery of the electroactive layer, in particular barrier element (94) at a distance from the electroactive layer.

7. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glazing element according to the preceding claim characterized in that the lower support and the lower electrode extend beyond the upper edge in a first protruding zone and the upper support and the upper electrode extend beyond the lower edge in a second protruding zone opposite the first protruding zone, the barrier element is external comprising a barrier coating or film, in particular a polymer without plasticizers, or even several coupled barrier films, in particular a polymer without plasticizers, - barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the first protruding area and even extending onto the upper face Fs and / or extending to the rear face Fb - and / or barrier coating or film(s) covering all or part of the second protruding area and extending onto the back face and / or extending to the top face.

8. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glass element according to one of claims 6 or 7 characterized in that the barrier element, in particular the barrier film(s), preferably PET, is masked from the outside and / or in that the barrier element, preferably external, in particular the barrier film(s), preferably PET, is opaque at least in part, in particular opaque part opposite a light source on face F4, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes.

9. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glazing element according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the laminated glazing comprises a light source (4), optically coupled with the second sheet, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, light source which is on the fourth face F4 and coupled to a light redirection element (8, 8'), which is: - a prismatic reflector element and, on the third face F3, opposite the light source, in particular a prismatic reflector element comprising reflector prisms oriented towards the third face F3 or towards the second face F2, - or a transparent light redirection element, on the fourth main face F4 side.

10. Illuminatable laminated glass element of a vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a light source, preferably an array of light-emitting diodes, on the fourth face F4, and a light redirection element (8, 8'), which is a reflective prismatic element, comprising reflective prisms, on the third face F3, reflective prisms oriented towards face F2 or face F3, or is preferably a transparent prismatic element, and in that the light redirection element is: - at least partially opposite the optical insulating coating - or at most 4mm, preferably at most 1mm, from the optical insulating coating.

11. Illuminatable laminated glass element of a vehicle according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the light redirection element (8, 8') is a prismatic reflector element, in particular a prismatic reflector film comprising reflector prisms, arranged on the third face F3, between face F2 and face F3, which is: - opposite the electroactive device - on the electroactive device, preferably reflective prisms oriented towards the third face F3, linked to face F3 by the lower intercalated layer or by a local adhesive - or on face F3, reflecting prisms oriented towards the third face F2 and in contact with the lower intercalated layer, - or is offset from said electroactive device.

12. Illuminatable laminated vehicle glazing element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glazing comprises an internal peripheral opaque element (7') which is located between the second face F2 and the third face F3, particularly opposite a light source on the side of face F4 which is - on the electroactive device, preferably an opaque barrier film of the barrier element, - and / or opaque part of a prismatic light redirection element reflector on the third face F3, comprising reflector prisms oriented towards face F3 - and / or opaque glue of a prismatic light redirection element reflector third face F3, comprising reflector prisms oriented towards face F3 or F2.

13. Illuminatable laminated glass element of vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a diffusing coating (6), forming means for extracting light, preferably local or discontinuous, and opposite the electroactive device, and in that the diffusing coating is on the lower interlayer layer (32) which is in particular based on PVB, in contact with the optical insulating coating (5) and / or on a face oriented towards the face F3 and / or is carried by the lower support and on the optical insulating coating (5).

14. Illuminatable laminated glass element of a vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one of the following functional elements: -an internal, peripheral, opaque masking layer (7) between the second face F2 and the third face F3, preferably forming a frame, particularly in contact with the second face F2, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the outside, and even facing a light source and a light redirection element - an inner, peripheral, opaque masking layer, in particular congruent with or narrower than the width of the inner masking layer, masking the edge of the electroactive device from the inside - an internal electroconductive functional coating (15), in particular infrared reflective, a functional coating in particular on face F2 or on the upper face of the upper support - an external electroconductive coating (16), in particular reflecting infrared, on the fourth face F4 of the second sheet.

15. Vehicle, in particular road vehicle incorporating an illuminable laminated glass element according to one of the preceding claims.

Images