Comb beam, structural element comprising this beam, and load-bearing core of civil engineering structures comprising this structural element

Abstract

A comb beam (A) which consists of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone (1) and a groove zone (2) with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam (A), where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam (A), the beam (A) ending with half-grooves (3) with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam. The invention also concerns a structural element and a load-bearing core which use this comb beam.

Description

[0001] Comb beam, structural element comprising this beam, and load-bearing core of civil engineering structures comprising this structural element

[0002] The invention concerns a comb beam, a structural element comprising this beam, and a load-bearing core of civil engineering structures comprising this structural element.

[0003] Patent publication PL412268 discloses a node of a wooden grate and of a wood-steel grate structure, containing two intersecting wooden beams, undercut at mid-height and connected to each other at the undercut with steel elements, characterised in that in its compression and tension zones, the node has steel elements consisting of flat bars (5) and sheet metal (4), permanently connected to each other, the flat bars (5) being glued into grooves in the beam (1 and 2), and the sheet metal (4) being attached to the surface of the beams with screws. The length of the flat bar (5) is equal to the width of the beam (1 and 2). The flat bars (5) are perpendicular to the sheet metal (4) and connected to it by continuous fillet welds. At the connection point, the beam (1) and the beam (2) have rectangular elements (3) made of plywood glued thereto. The number of flat bars (5), their cross-sectional height and spacing depend on the resultant forces acting through the flat bars (5) on wood and coming from the resultant forces acting on the sheet metal (4).

[0004] Patent publication PL228737 discloses a roof truss (1) in the shape of a flat truss made of wooden beams (2) in the form of outer chords (3) constituting the sides of the truss and internal cross-braces (4), the beams in the truss nodes (5) being permanently connected by connectors (6). At least the beams (2) included in the outer chords (3) of the roof truss (1) have at least on their outer side (7), designed for the outer side of the outer chords (3), a longitudinal reinforcing element permanently mounted on this outer side (7) of the beam (2). The reinforcing element is in the form of a (preferably metal) strip mounted in the longitudinal groove of the beam (2). The method of manufacturing the roof truss (1) consists in preparing a technical design containing the shapes and dimensions of individual beams (2) of the truss, then cuting lumber into beams (2) of the desired shapes and dimensions, and, finally, assembling the roof truss (1) from individual beams (2) by permanently connecting them mechanically with connectors (6) at the truss nodes (5). Between the operations of cutting out the beams (2) and assembling the roof truss (1), at least in the beams (2) included in the outer chords (3) of the roof truss (1) and at least on such beams' (2) outer side (7), designed forthe outer side of the outer chords (3), a longitudinal reinforcing element is permanently fixed. The invention is especially applicable in building engineering for the construction of roofs on residential and industrial buildings.

[0005] Compared to known solutions, the solutions according to the invention simplify and accelerate the construction process, while maintaining the durability of the structure.

[0006] A comb beam according to the invention is characterised in that it consists of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone and a groove zone with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, the beam ending with half-grooves with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam.

[0007] In a second aspect of the invention, a structural element is characterised in that it is formed by at least two adjacent beams, each consisting of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone and a groove zone with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, the beam ending with half-grooves with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, wherein the grooves in the beams overlap.

[0008] In a further aspect of the invention, a load-bearing core for civil engineering structures, such as in particular walls, ceilings, roofs, overhangs (balconies), is characterised in that it has coffered structure and is made of structural elements which are formed by at least two adjacent beams, each consisting of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone and a groove zone with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, the beam ending with half-grooves with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, wherein the grooves in the beams overlap, wherein in the core, the half-groove of the front beam abuts at the top on the halfgroove of the rear beam, so that a pair of such beams with abuting half-grooves form a continuous structural element acting as an assembly of beams abuting on each other, the structural elements (B) being assembled with each other perpendicularly, so that the grooves of the beams along one direction coincide with the grooves of the beams rotated by 90 degrees, arranged along the perpendicular direction.

[0009] An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a schematic of comb beam structure in a side view, Fig. 2— a schematic of an assembly of a beam pair in a top view, Fig. 3— a schematic of a but assembly of beam pairs, Fig. 4— a schematic of an assembly of beam pairs along the main direction with pairs along the perpendicular direction, Fig. 5— a schematic of a section of a coffered load-bearing core for a wall, resulting from the assembly of beams along the main and perpendicular directions, Fig. 6— a schematic of a right-angled overlapping connection of beams using bolts and near-edge holes, Fig. 7— a schematic of an overlapping connection of comb beams with the preparation of additional mounting holes, Fig. 8— a schematic of a roof connection with a mounting hole, and Fig. 9— a schematic of the positioning of beams with the mounting hole.

[0010] A comb beam (A) is a versatile element which can be used to make a load-bearing core for walls, ceilings, roofs, and overhangs (balconies). The comb beam (A) is made as a blank of wood-derived or fibre cement boards, or any other material applicable and approved for use in building engineering; the exact board type may vary according to individual requirements, and it may include products such as the following boards: OSB, MFP, cement bonded chipboards, cement bonded particle boards, fibre cement boards, metal extrusions or composite materials, or 3D prints. An OSB-3 board is a material that meets the basic requirements. In a structural partition, the beams (A) form a right-angled coffered arrangement. At both ends of the beams, there are holes made for connecting the beams (A), for example like in Fig. 1.

[0011] The length of a single beam (A) depends on the length of the (wood-derived) board from which it is made, and it can therefore be provided in standard board lengths, as long as an entire module fits within the length of the board (basic beam length for a 250 cm board is 249 cm). The width of the beam depends on the mechanical requirements and other physical requirements of the partition into which it is incorporated, basic beam width being 24 cm. The thickness of the beam depends on the physical and mechanical requirements, basic beam thickness being 1.8 cm. A comb beam consists of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone (1) and a groove zone (2) with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, the beam ending with halfgrooves with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, wherein the grooves in the beams overlap.

[0012] For example, such a sequence of a comb beam (A) can be composed of:

[0013] 1) A straight zone (2) with a length of 41.5 cm minus twice the beam thickness (for beams which are 1.8 cm in thickness, this is respectively 41.5 cm - 2 x 1.8 cm = 37.9 cm)

[0014] 2) A groove zone (2) with a length equal to twice the beam thickness (for a beam which is 1.8 cm in thickness, this is 3.6 cm) and a depth equal to half the beam width (12.0 cm as a basis).

[0015] The beams end with half-grooves with a length equal to half the length of the groove (in the example above, the length will be 1.8 cm).

[0016] For example, a structural element (B) may be formed by a pair of beams adjacent to each other by their side walls, usually longitudinally offset by one sequence, so that the grooves in the beams overlap (Fig. 2).

[0017] In Fig. 3, in the structural element (B), the half-groove of the second beam (A) abuts at the top on the half-groove of the first beam (A), so that a pair of such beams (A) with abuting half-grooves form a "continuous" element acting as an assembly of beam pairs.

[0018] In Fig. 4, beam (A) pairs are assembled perpendicular to each other, so that the grooves of the beams (A) along one direction coincide with the grooves of the beam (A) pairs rotated by 90 degrees, arranged along the perpendicular direction. A series of such assemblies forms a coffered load-bearing core (C) shown in Fig. 5.

[0019] The beams (A) can have thermal insulation filling placed therebetween, which can be made of materials such as mineral wool, extruded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, foamed polyurethane, and other thermal insulation materials approved for use in building engineering.

[0020] Coffered load-bearing cores (C) filled with insulating material can be closed by mounting building boards (OSB, MFP, etc.) enclosing the partitions. The enclosing boards play a structural role by stiffening the entire structure. It is possible to prefabricate flat structural modules of the partitions, consisting of a load-bearing core, thermal insulation filling, and stiffening boards / board, and to assemble such entire structural systems on a construction site.

[0021] Perpendicular connections of structural systems (wall-to-wall, wall-to-ceiling) are made by means of an overlapping connection of comb beam pairs oriented at an angle of 90 degrees (Fig. 6). The connection involves the insertion of bolts into guide holes located at beam ends and tightening them with appropriate torque. A connection with an angle other than 90 degrees, and a connection made at a point other than the beam end with the openings, is made in the same manner as above, the connecting holes on one of the elements having to be prefabricated on the construction site / in production preparation before the assembly (Fig. 7).

[0022] When connecting corner walls, as well as walls with ceilings and roofs, either a rod or a bushing centring the angular connections of flat structural systems can be passed through a mounting hole in the beams (A). The mounting hole will be between 1 and 3 inches in diameter, as required, but this value does not limit the structural solution. The connections provided by the mounting holes together with a connector are of the rotary joint type, allowing rotation in a plane perpendicular to the connector (Figs. 8 and 9).

Claims

Claims1. A comb beam characterised in that it consists of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone (1) and a groove zone (2) with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam (A), where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam (A), the beam (A) ending with half-grooves (3) with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam.

2. A structural element characterised in that it is formed by at least two adjacent beams (A), each consisting of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone (1) and a groove zone (2) with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam (A), where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam (A), the beam (A) ending with half-grooves (3) with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, wherein the grooves (2) in the beams overlap.

3. A load-bearing core for civil engineering structures, such as in particular walls, ceilings, roofs, overhangs (balconies), characterised in that it has coffered structure and is made of structural elements (B) which are formed by at least two adjacent beams (A), each consisting of at least one sequence composed of a straight zone (1) and a groove zone (2) with a length equal to n * the thickness of the beam (A), where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam (A), the beam (A) ending with half-grooves (3) with a length equal to n / 2 * the thickness of the beam, where n is the number of beams (A) adjacent to each other, and with a depth equal to half the height of the beam, wherein the grooves in the beams overlap, wherein in the core (C), the half-groove of the front beam (A) abuts at the top on the half-groove of the rear beam (A), so that a pair of such beams with abuting halfgrooves form a continuous structural element (B) acting as an assembly of beams (A) abuting on each other, the structural elements (B) being assembled with each other perpendicularly, so that the grooves of the beams (A) along one direction coincide with the grooves of the beams (A) rotated by 90 degrees, arranged along the perpendicular direction.

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