Electronic shelf label system

Abstract

An electronic shelf label (130) including a housing, a light transmissive portion on the housing, a c clip (116, 117) extending from the rear of the housing, for gripping a mounting rail (502), a mechanical locking device (104, 115) for locking the c clip (116) to the mounting rail (502), mounted between portions of the c clip, the locking device (104, 115) including a solid plastic hinge (109) moveable downwards and upwards to lock and release, a lip that enters a groove along the back of the mounting rail when the hinge is moved downward, a PCB (204, 213, 217), a display (203, 208-210), a plurality of light emitters (205, 207), that, when activated, emit light through the light transmissive portion of the housing, a connector assembly carrier (202), and, at least two wires (201), mounted in the connector assembly carrier (202) and extending from the PCB (204, 213, 217) to the c clip (117), configured to provide power to the display from the mounting rail gripped by the c clip (117).

Description

ELECTRONIC SHELF LABEL SYSTEM REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 662,607, entitled “ELECTRONIC LABEL SYSTEM”, filed June 21, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application further claims priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 734,510, entitled “ELECTRONIC SHELF LABEL SYSTEM”, filed December 16, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. This application further claims priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 743,648, entitled “ELECTRONIC SHELF LABEL SYSTEM”, filed January 10, 2025, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to electronic shelf label systems used by retailers for displaying product pricing and other product information on retail shelving. A retailer automatically updates the displayed pricing and other product information on a central server that broadcasts the updates to electronic shelf labels throughout its stores. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Electronic shelf labels (ESLs) are small, electronic paper (E- paper) or liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) mounted on or around a shelf of merchandise to show the price and other product information of the merchandise to shoppers. A communication network that connects the ESLs to a central server enables the retailer to automatically update a Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -1-product price that has changed, and to automatically update product identifying information when inventory has changed. Prior art ESLs replace printed paper labels, and do not serve functions beyond that of a printed label. Prior art ESLs employ rigid printed circuit boards (PCBs) to connect a processor, power conversion components, passive components and other electronic components to the display. Prior art ESLs are designed to perform in accordance with a rigid set of specifications, and any change to the specification requires a redesign of the ESL. As such, prior art ESLs are not usable in newer systems that introduce new features. The present invention addresses these shortcomings of the prior art and offers additional benefits over the prior art. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -2-SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic shelf label including a housing, including a light transmissive portion on the front or rear of the housing, a c clip extending from the rear of the housing, configured for gripping a mounting rail, a mechanical locking device for locking the c clip to the mounting rail, mounted between portions of the c clip, the locking device including a solid plastic hinge moveable downwards and upwards to lock and release from the mounting rail, and a lip that enters a groove along the back of the mounting rail when the hinge is moved downward, a PCB mounted in the housing, a display mounted on the PCB, a plurality of light emitters mounted on the PCB, that, when activated, emit light through the light transmissive portion of the housing, a connector assembly carrier mounted in the housing, and, at least two wires, mounted in the connector assembly carrier and extending from the PCB to the c clip, configured to provide power to the display from a power source gripped by the c clip.

[0005] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the light emitters are color light emitters mounted facing the front of the housing that, when activated, color the light transmissive portion on the front of the housing.

[0006] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the light transmissive portion includes optics configured to diffract light emitted by the color light emitters.

[0007] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the light emitters are mounted facing the rear of the housing to illuminate merchandise on a shelf behind the electronic shelf label.

[0008] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label further includes infrared communication Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -3-components mounted on the PCB behind the light transmissive portion on the front of the housing, for receiving data for the display.

[0009] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label further includes a front-facing camera or proximity sensor, mounted on the PCB, for monitoring activity in front of the electronic shelf label through the light transmissive portion on the front of the housing.

[0010] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label further includes a rear-facing camera or proximity sensor, mounted on the PCB, for monitoring merchandise on a shelf behind the electronic shelf label through the light transmissive portion on the rear of the housing.

[0011] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the mechanical locking device includes a tab for moving the hinge upwards to release the lock from the mounting rail.

[0012] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label further includes a plurality of metal display frames in different colors, wherein each frame is configured to be mounted onto the front of the housing, and removed therefrom, without opening the housing.

[0013] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the housing further includes a recessed split-line between the front and rear of the housing, and each of the display frames engages with the recessed split-line when mounted onto the front of the housing.

[0014] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label further includes an analog front end integrated circuit mounted on the PCB, operable to separate a signal from power voltage received over the wires, to enable an uninterrupted power source to carry data signals for the display. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -4-

[0015] According to features in embodiments of the invention, at least three wires are mounted in the connector assembly carrier, extending from the PCB to the c clip, to carry, for the display, independent signals with different voltages, or differential signals simultaneously, on two of the three wires.

[0016] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label housing includes a front cover and a rear cover including a geometric pattern of indentations facing an interior of the housing, and the electronic shelf label further includes a pressed metal structure, mounted behind the display, featuring a geometric pattern of protrusions inserted into the geometric pattern of indentations in the rear cover.

[0017] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the geometric patterns are honeycomb patterns.

[0018] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label further includes a battery pack including a battery housing including separable front and back housing panels, wherein a top and bottom of the battery housing is formed to be gripped by the electronic shelf label c clip, a plurality of battery housing back panels corresponding to a respective plurality of different mounting rails having different form factors, at least one exchangeable battery mounted in the battery housing, and battery electrodes at the bottom of the battery housing to power an attached electronic shelf label.

[0019] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label is mounted on a mounting rail not connected to a power source, wherein, when the mounting rail is subsequently connected to a power source, the electronic shelf label is mounted on the mounting rail without the battery pack and powered by the power source. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -5-

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention further provide an electronic shelf label system including a plurality of any of the aforementioned electronic shelf labels, and, a mounting rail including a back panel configured to be attached to a merchandise shelf, the back panel including upper and lower attachment ledges along the front length of the panel, and, a front panel, configured to be gripped by the c clip of each of the plurality of labels, including upper and lower attachment trenches along the back of the front panel configured to be snapped onto the upper and lower attachment ledges, respectively, a ground wire extending along the length of the front panel configured for grounding the labels, two wires extending along the length of the front panel, each wire being configured to transmit (i) power for the displays of the labels, (ii) data corresponding to the merchandise on the shelf for the displays of the labels, and (iii) a combination of the power and the data for the displays.

[0021] According to features in embodiments of the invention, adjacently mounted ones of the electronic shelf labels present respective portions of a contiguous graphic on their respective displays.

[0022] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the mounting rail front panel further includes a light transmissive, diffractive front surface, and, an illumination strip mounted behind the front surface, that, when activated, illuminates the diffractive front surface.

[0023] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the mounting rail front panel further includes a transparent front surface, top and bottom grooves behind the front surface configured to receive a printed plastic film corresponding to the merchandise on the shelf, Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -6-and an illumination strip mounted behind the top and bottom grooves, that, when activated, illuminates the printed plastic film from behind.

[0024] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the mounting rail front panel further includes a ledge for mounting a decorative trim, and, a plurality of differently colored decorative trims for mounting on the ledge.

[0025] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the decorative trims are made of wood and plastic, respectively.

[0026] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label system further includes a power module including a module housing, a c clip extending from a rear of the module housing, configured for gripping the mounting rail, a mechanical locking device for locking the c clip to the mounting rail, mounted between portions of the c clip, the locking device including a solid plastic hinge moveable downwards and upwards to lock and release from the mounting rail, and a lip that enters a groove along the back of the mounting rail gripped by the c clip grips when the hinge is moved downward, a battery or an energy harvester, mounted in the module housing, providing electrical power for the electronic shelf labels via the two wires extending along the length of the front panel.

[0027] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label system further includes a power connector configured to provide power from an electrical grid to the two wires extending along the length of the front panel.

[0028] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the mounting rail front panel further includes an illumination strip, and the power connector is further configured to provide power to the illumination strip. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -7-

[0029] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label system further includes a data connector configured to enable data communication between the electronic shelf labels and a server computer over the two wires extending along the length of the front panel.

[0030] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the electronic shelf label system further includes a bias-tee diplexer configured to multiplex inputs from the power connector and the data connector onto each of the two wires.

[0031] According to features in embodiments of the invention, the data includes data streams in a format natively supported by drivers of the displays of the labels.

[0032] Embodiments of the present invention further provide a mounting bracket for affixing an electronic shelf label mounting rail to a merchandise shelf, the mounting rail supporting a plurality of electronic shelf labels that display data corresponding to the merchandise on the shelf, the mounting bracket including a panel mounted along a merchandise shelf, an upper attachment ledge extending upward and forward along the front length of the panel, configured to be inserted into a corresponding upper attachment trench along a back of an electronic shelf label mounting rail, and a lower attachment ledge, below the upper attachment ledge, extending downward and forward along the front length of the panel, configured to be inserted into a corresponding lower attachment trench along the back of the electronic shelf label mounting rail, wherein the electronic shelf label mounting rail is affixed to the mounting bracket by snapping the upper and lower mounting rail attachment trenches onto the upper and lower attachment ledges, respectively. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -8-BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The present invention will be more fully understood and appreciated from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:

[0034] FIG. 1 is a drawing of first ESL and a first battery pack mounted on a prior art c channel mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG. 2 is a drawing of a second ESL and a second battery pack mounted on a prior art c channel mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG. 3 is a profile view of an ESL and battery pack mounted on a prior art c channel mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG. 4 is a drawing of an ESL coupled to a one-cell battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] FIG. 5 is a drawing of the ESL and the one-cell battery pack of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] FIG. 6 is a drawing of the ESL and an exploded view of the one- cell battery pack of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] FIG. 7 is a drawing of the ESL and two-cell battery pack of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] FIG. 8 is a drawing of the ESL and an exploded view of the two- cell battery pack of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG.9 is an ESL product line, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 10 shows two ESLs presenting a continuous graphic, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -9-

[0044] FIG. 11 is a front perspective view of ESL 130 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] FIG. 12 is a rear perspective view of ESL 130 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] FIG. 13 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 12 without pressed metal frame 120, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] FIG. 14 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 13 without transparent front cover 118, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] FIG. 15 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 14 without display 208, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] FIG. 16 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 15 without stiffener 216, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] FIG. 17 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 16 without FPCB 217 and the components mounted thereon, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] FIG. 18 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 17, without connector assembly carrier 202 and without locking piece 115, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] FIG. 19 is a front perspective view of the front cover of one-cell battery pack 320 of FIGS.5 and 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] FIG. 20 is a rear perspective view of the front cover of one-cell battery pack 320 of FIGS.5 and 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -10-

[0054] FIG. 21 is a front perspective view of the back cover of one-cell battery pack 320 of FIGS.5 and 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] FIG. 22 is a front perspective view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] FIG. 23 is a rear perspective view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] FIG. 24 is an exploded front view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] FIG. 25 is an exploded rear view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] FIG. 26 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 24 without metal frame 103 and front cover 101, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] FIG. 27 is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 26 without display 203, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG. 28 is a front perspective view of a metal core inner structure with honeycomb pattern for an ESL, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] FIG. 29 is a rear perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 26 without display 203, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] FIG.30 is a rear perspective view of a metal core inner structure with honeycomb pattern for an ESL, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] FIG.31 is a front perspective view of connector assembly carrier 202 and metal connectors 201, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -11-

[0065] FIG. 32 is a front perspective view of metal connectors 201 without the plastic connector assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] FIG. 33 a front perspective view of connector assembly carrier 202 without its metal connectors, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] FIG. 34 is a front perspective view of an ESL rear cover, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] FIG. 35 is an exploded side view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] FIG. 36 is a front perspective view of two-cell battery pack front cover 301, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] FIG. 37 is a rear perspective view of the front cover of two-cell battery pack 321 of FIGS.7 and 8, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] FIG. 38 is a front perspective view of the back cover of two-cell battery pack 321 of FIGS.7 and 8, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] FIG. 39 is a front perspective view of ESL 132 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] FIG. 40 is a rear perspective view of ESL 132 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] FIG. 41 is a front perspective view of components in ESL 132 of FIGS.39 and 40 without pressed metal frame 123 and transparent front cover 121, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -12-

[0075] FIG.42 is a front perspective view of the transparent back cover 122 of ESL 132 of FIG. 41, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0076] FIG.43 is a front perspective view of the transparent back cover 122 of ESL 132 of FIG. 41, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0077] FIG. 44 is a front perspective view of ESL 133 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0078] FIG. 45 is a rear perspective view of ESL 133 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0079] FIG.46 is a rear perspective view of ESL 133 of FIG.9 attached to two-cell battery pack 321 of FIG. 7, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] FIG. 47 is a front perspective view of components in ESL 133 behind transparent front cover 121, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0081] FIG. 48 illustrates a single ESL used to concurrently present labels for two different products, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a mounting rail bracket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0083] FIG. 50 is a rear perspective view from behind of a mounting rail bracket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0084] FIG. 51 is a perspective side view of a mounting rail mounted on a mounting rail bracket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0085] FIG. 52 illustrates a first mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -13-

[0086] FIG. 53 illustrates the first mounting rail of FIG. 52 mounted on the mounting bracket of FIG. 49, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0087] FIG. 54 illustrates the first mounting rail of FIG. 52, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] FIG. 55 illustrates a second mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] FIG. 56 illustrates a second mounting rail and a plastic film that can be inserted therein, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] FIG. 57 illustrates a third mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] FIG. 58 is an exploded view of the third mounting rail of FIG. 57, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] FIG. 59 is an illustration of an ESL and a single-cell battery pack configured for step 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0093] FIG. 60 is an illustration of the ESL, and an exploded view of the one-cell battery pack, of FIG. 59, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0094] FIG. 61 is an illustration of an ESL and an exploded view of a one-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0095] FIG. 62 is an illustration of an ESL and a one-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0096] FIG. 63 illustrates an ESL and battery pack mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -14-

[0097] FIG. 64 is a rear view of an ESL and a two-cell battery pack configured for step 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0098] FIG. 65 is a rear view of the ESL and an exploded rear view of the two-cell battery pack of FIG. 64, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] FIG. 66 is a rear view of an ESL and an exploded rear view of a two-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] FIG. 67 is a rear view of an ESL and two-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0101] FIG. 68 illustrates an ESL and battery pack mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] FIG. 69 is a perspective front view of a first ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0103] FIG. 70 is a perspective front view of a second ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0104] FIG. 71 is a perspective rear view of an ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0105] FIG.72 is a profile view of an ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0106] FIG. 3 is a close-up rear view of an ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -15-

[0107] FIGS. 74 and 75 are cross-sectional views of ESL lock mechanisms engaging with a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0108] FIG. 76 is an illustration of a light harvesting panel mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0109] FIG. 77 is an illustration of a light harvesting panel mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0110] FIG. 78 is an exploded view of a light harvesting panel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0111] FIG. 79 is an illustration of the interior side of a light harvesting unit housing back cover, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0112] FIG. 80 is an illustration of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0113] FIG. 81 is an illustration of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0114] FIG. 82 is an exploded front view of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0115] FIG. 83 is an exploded rear view of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0116] FIG. 84 is a schematic drawing illustrating two-way transmission of data and power over a mounting rail electrode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -16-

[0117] FIG. 85 is a flow chart of a first method for determining the location of each ESL mounted along a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0118] FIG. 86 is a flow chart of a second method for determining the location of each ESL mounted along a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0119] FIG. 87 is a flow chart of a third method for determining the location of each ESL mounted along a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0120] In the disclosure and figures, the following numbering scheme is used. Like numbered elements are similar but not necessarily identical.Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -17-Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -18-Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -19-Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -20-DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0121] The present invention provides a modular architecture for ESL systems that can go through multiple upgrade iterations without replacing the core ESL units. Moreover, the system supports a wide range of configurable options to enhance the merchandise shelf and aisle.

[0122] ESL systems according to the present invention enable the user – typically a chain of retail stores, to gradually incorporate a new ESL system into each store’s existing ESL architecture. Following a high- level, five-step process, a user transforms its current ESL system with an ESL system according to the present invention. The number of steps implemented is up to the discretion of the user, as will become clear in the discussion hereinbelow. STEP 1: Replace existing labels with new ESLs

[0123] The five steps begin with user merchandise shelves that already have a prior art label system for electronic or printed labels that are mounted on mounting rails situated along the merchandise shelves. At step 1, the user keeps its current mounting rails and installs ESLs according to the present invention, referred to herein as “new ESLs,” onto those mounting rails. Each new ESL is coupled to a battery pack according to the present invention that powers the new ESL and provides an interface for mounting on the user’s current mounting rail.

[0124] Reference is made to FIG. 1, showing a first ESL and a first battery pack mounted on a prior art c channel mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows ESL 130 coupled with battery pack 320 mounted on prior art c channel mounting rail 501. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -21-

[0125] Reference is made to FIG. 2, showing a second ESL and a second battery pack mounted on a prior art c channel mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows ESL 131 coupled with battery pack 321 mounted on prior art c channel mounting rail 501. ESL 131 is wider than ESL 130, to accommodate a wider display. Measurements along the other dimensions of ESL 131 are the same as for ESL 130, as discussed hereinbelow. Battery pack 321 is also wider than battery pack 320, and stores two coin cell batteries, whereas battery pack 320 stores a single coin cell battery.

[0126] Reference is made to FIG. 3, which is a profile view of an ESL and battery pack mounted on a prior art c channel mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows ESL 130 coupled with battery pack 320 mounted on prior art c channel mounting rail 501. FIG. 3 shows that only the rear portion of battery pack 230 engages with prior art c channel mounting rail 501. In order to adapt ESL 130 and battery pack 320 for another mounting rail having a different profile than mounting rail 501, only the rear portion of battery pack 320 needs to be replaced with a rear portion configured for the other mounting rail; ESL 130, and the front portion of battery pack 320 that engages with ESL 130, remain unchanged.

[0127] Reference is made to FIG. 4, showing an ESL coupled to a battery pack, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows ESL 130 coupled with battery pack 320. ESL 130 grips the forward facing portion of battery pack 320, whereas the rear portion of battery pack 320 is adapted for mounting rail 501, as shown in FIG. 3. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -22-

[0128] Reference is made to FIG.5, which is a drawing of the ESL and the one-cell battery pack of FIG.4, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows that ESL 130 grips battery pack 320 with top C grip 116 and bottom C grip 117. Locking piece 115, made of soft polypropylene, is lowered to lock battery pack 320 to ESL 130, and raised to unlock. Locking piece 115 can be raised and lowered due to a living hinge that is formed of the same polypropylene as locking piece 115.

[0129] The housing for ESL 130 includes transparent front cover 118 and transparent back cover 119. The transparent cover is illuminated when the light emitters mounted in ESL 130 are activated, as discussed hereinbelow. In certain configurations, the power provided by the battery pack is insufficient to activate the light emitters, and therefore, the light emitters are typically not activated at step 1. However, the light emitters are available to be used when more power is provided, i.e., at steps 3 – 5 discussed hereinbelow.

[0130] Pressed metal frame 120 is mounted on transparent housing front cover 118, surrounding the ESL display. In embodiments of the invention, a plurality of pressed metal frames 120 is provided, each painted in a different color. The user changes the frame to match a color scheme of, e.g., images on the ESL, the merchandise, the product brand, the merchandise shelf, or the store environment. This feature has additional advantages at steps 3 – 5, as discussed hereinbelow. Metal connectors 201 located in bottom C grip 117 transmit power from battery pack 320 to ESL 130.

[0131] The housing for battery pack 320 is formed by front cover 309 and back cover 310. Back cover 310 features a honeycomb structure and upper and lower geometries 312, 313 to fit mounting rail 501 of FIGS. 1 – 3. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -23-

[0132] Reference is made to FIG.6, which is a drawing of the ESL and an exploded view of the one-cell battery pack of FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Elements 115 – 120 and 201 of ESL 130 discussed regarding FIG. 5 are shown in FIG. 6. In addition, FIG. 6 presents an exploded view of battery pack 320, revealing coin cell battery 401, and battery connectors 404 and 405 that are partially exposed along the bottom of battery pack 320 to meet metal connectors 201. Locking screw 303 fastens back cover 310 to front cover 309.

[0133] Reference is made to FIG.7, which is a drawing of the ESL and two-cell battery pack of FIG. 2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows that ESL 131 grips battery pack 321 with top C grip 116 and bottom C grip 117. C grips 116, 117 of FIG. 7 are similar to C grips 116, 117 of FIG. 5 and 6, except that C grips 116, 117 of FIG. 7 are longer. However, metal connectors 201 in FIG. 7 are identical to metal connectors 201 of FIG. 5 and 6. Locking piece 115, made of soft polypropylene, is lowered to lock battery pack 321 to ESL 131, and raised to unlock. Locking piece 115 can be raised and lowered due to a living hinge that is formed of the same polypropylene as locking piece 115. Locking piece 115 is identical to locking piece 115 of FIG. 5 and 6.

[0134] The housing for battery pack 321 is formed by front cover 301 and back cover 302 Back cover 302 features a honeycomb structure and upper and lower geometries 305, 306 to fit mounting rail 501 of FIGS. 1 – 3.

[0135] Reference is made to FIG. 8, which is a drawing of the ESL and an exploded view of the two-cell battery pack of FIG.2, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Elements 115 – 117 and 201 of ESL 131 discussed regarding FIG. 7 are shown in FIG. 8. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -24-In addition, FIG. 8 presents an exploded view of battery pack 321, revealing two coin cell batteries 401, and battery connectors 402 and 403 that are partially exposed along the bottom of battery pack 321 to meet metal connectors 201. Locking screw 303 fastens back cover 302 to front cover 301. STEP 1 Features

[0136] Even though the user has only performed step 1, that is, the user replaced its prior art ESLs with ESLs in accordance with embodiments of the present invention without replacing the user’s existing mounting rails, the user benefits in a number of different ways: • A range of ESL display sizes, all with the same form factor, satisfy the majority of user needs; • Customizable design through exchangeable front frames having different colors, finishes and branding; • Able to combine multiple ESLs into a large display area; • Each ESL equipped with a dedicated technology zone for adding sensors, initially used to increase visual impact by colored illumination; • Replaceable batteries.

[0137] Reference is made to FIG. 9, which shows an ESL product line, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows four ESLs 130 – 133, each equipped with a display of different width, but otherwise having the same look and feel. The different ESLs placed along a single shelf are seen as a coherent group. The user selects a display size for each label that matches the amount of information intended for that electronic label, or that matches the shelf space allocated to the product represented by the label. Displays 208, Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -25-203, 209 and 210 shown in FIG. 9 all have the same height (y), and widths that are a multiple of narrowest display 208. Thus, display 203 is twice as wide as display 208; display 209 is three times as wide as display 208;and display 210 is four times as wide as 208. In embodiments of the invention, displays 208, 203, 209 and 210 are electronic paper displays. In other embodiments of the invention, displays 208, 203, 209 and 210 are flat-panel displays. Battery powered ESLs, as in step 1, typically feature electronic paper displays, which do not emit their own light and therefore are suitable for battery- powered operation. At steps 4 and 5 discussed hereinbelow, where the ESLs receive power via the power grid, the user will, in some cases, replace the electronic paper displays with flat panel displays.

[0138] Reference is made to FIG. 10, which shows two ESLs presenting a continuous graphic, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 shows ESLs 131 and 132 mounted side-by-side, each displaying a respective portion of a single graphic. This feature is referred to as “floating canvas”, whereby a number of ESLs provide an enlarged canvas on which the user presents an extended graphic image. The floating canvas feature is also suitable for animations that appear to move along the floating canvas. Such animations are typically implemented when the ESL displays are flat panel displays.

[0139] One of the ESL features in accordance with the present invention that enables the floating canvas is the minimal non-active area along the left and right sides of each ESL. In prior art ESLs, display driver components that occupy the display non-active area are placed along one of the shorter edges of the ESL, in order to reduce the size, and cost, of the PCB that extends into this area. In a landscape oriented ESL, this display non-active area is situated along Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -26-one of the two side edges of the ESL and would interrupt the visual continuity of a graphic extending across multiple ESLs. In contrast, ESLs according to the present invention place the display driver components along the top or bottom edge of the ESL in order to minimize the non-active side borders of the display and thereby enable the floating canvas feature.

[0140] Reference is made to FIG. 11, which is a front perspective view of ESL 130 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows display 208, transparent front cover 118, transparent back cover 119 and pressed metal frame 120. Top C grip 116, bottom C grip 117, and locking piece 115 are shown extending from back cover 119.

[0141] Reference is made to FIG. 12, which is a rear perspective view of ESL 130 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 shows transparent front cover 118, transparent back cover 119 and pressed metal frame 120. Top C grip 116 and bottom C grip 117 are an integral part of transparent back cover 119. Locking piece 115 is a separate plastic part threaded through an opening in transparent back cover 119. Three metal connectors 201 are shown in bottom C grip 117. Connectors 201 are electrically insulated and mechanically shielded by connector assembly carrier 202, made of transparent plastic.

[0142] Reference is made to FIG.13, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 12 without pressed metal frame 120, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0143] Reference is made to FIG.14, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 13 without transparent front cover 118, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The removal of transparent front cover 118 reveals three components Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -27-mounted below display 208: infrared (IR) emitter 207, color light emitting diode (LED) 205 and IR component 206. In certain prior art ESL systems, a server computer communicates with a plurality of ESLs using infrared (IR) communication. In accordance with the present invention, ESL 130 include IR component 206 configured to receive IR communication from a server computer, making ESL 130 compatible with legacy ESL systems that uses IR communication between the server and the ESLs. Incoming IR beams pass through transparent front cover 118 to IR component 206. IR LED 207 enables ESL 130 to communicate with the server, e.g., to acknowledge that data was received from the server computer. Multicolor LED 205, when activated, creates a visual impact by illuminating the bottom portion of transparent front cover 118. The LED illumination color is selected by the user to match a color theme of the label data, the merchandise brand, the shelf or the aisle.

[0144] Reference is made to FIG.15, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 14 without display 208, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The removal of display 208 reveals display stiffener 216.

[0145] Reference is made to FIG.16, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG.15 without stiffener 216, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The removal of stiffener 216 reveals flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) 217.

[0146] Reference is made to FIG.17, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 16 without FPCB 217 and the components mounted thereon, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The removal of FPCB 217 reveals a honeycomb pattern on the interior of transparent back cover 119, three metal connectors 201 and connector assembly carrier 202, made of Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -28-transparent plastic. One of the three metal connectors is used to connect to ground. The other two metal connectors can be used for power, data, or a combination of power and data. At step 1, where wires 201 are mated with two electrodes in a battery pack, only two of wires 201 are used. All three wires are used at later steps, e.g., step 5.

[0147] FIG. 17 further shows bottom C grip 117 top C grip 116 and locking piece 115. Locking piece 115 extends through an opening in back cover 119, and is secured to back cover 119 by anchor 110 that is larger than the opening. FIG. 17 also shows snap lock 106 for securing connector assembly carrier 202 to the interior of transparent back cover 119.

[0148] Reference is made to FIG.18, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 17 without connector assembly carrier 202 and locking piece 115, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The removal of connector assembly carrier 202 reveals recess / opening 107 for receiving connector assembly carrier 202. The removal of locking piece 115 and anchor 110 reveals opening 105 through which locking piece 115 is inserted.

[0149] Reference is made to FIG.19, which is a front perspective view of the front cover of one-cell battery pack 320 of FIGS. 5 and 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 shows front cover 309 and battery connector 405.

[0150] Reference is made to FIG. 20, which is a rear perspective view of the front cover of one-cell battery pack 320 of FIGS. 5 and 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20 shows coin cell battery 401 housed in front cover 309, and battery connectors 404 and 405. Groove 318 along the top edge of front cover 309 receives a lip along the outer edge of ESL locking pieces Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -29-104 or 115 when the locking piece is lowered to secure the ESL to the battery pack.

[0151] Reference is made to FIG.21, which is a front perspective view of the back cover of one-cell battery pack 320 of FIGS. 5 and 6, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 21 shows coin cell battery 401 housed in back cover 310, and battery connectors 404 and 405. Housing geometries 312 and 313 are designed to fit with prior art c channel mounting rail 501 of FIGS. 1 - 3.

[0152] Reference is made to FIG.22, which is a front perspective view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 22 shows display 203, transparent front cover 101, transparent back cover 102 and pressed metal frame 103.

[0153] Reference is made to FIG. 23, which is a rear perspective view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 23 shows top C grip 116, bottom C grip 117 and locking piece 115.

[0154] Reference is made to FIG. 24, which is an exploded view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 24 shows pressed metal frame 103 in front of transparent front cover 101. Display 203, mounted on metal core inner structure 156, is housed between transparent front cover 101 and transparent back cover 102. Metal core inner structure 156 is an opportional feature added in certain embodiments.

[0155] In certain prior art ESL systems, a server computer communicates with a plurality of ESLs using infrared (IR) communication. In accordance with the present invention, ESL 131 includes an IR component configured to receive IR communication from a server computer, making ESL 131 compatible with a legacy Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -30-ESL system that uses IR communication between the server and the ESLs. Incoming IR beams pass through transparent front cover 101 to the IR component. In other embodiments of the invention, a radio frequency (RF) communication integrated circuit (IC) and antenna are mounted on FPCB 204, making ESL 131 compatible with a legacy ESL system that uses RF communication between the server and the ESLs.

[0156] The exploded view in FIG. 24 reveals features in transparent back cover 102, that include opening 105 and honeycomb structure 108. Locking piece 115, discussed hereinabove with regard to FIGS. 5 and 14, is attached to the back of metal core inner structure 156 and passes through opening 105 so that the locking piece can be lowered onto a battery pack, as discussed hereinabove. A snap lock fastens connector assembly carrier 202 (not shown) to transparent back cover 102. Connector assembly carrier 202 is accommodated by recess / opening 107 and shields metal connectors 201 (not shown). Honeycomb structure 108 strengthens back cover 102. Moreover, metal core inner structure 156 is a pressed metal part having honeycomb pattern 160, designed to be integrated with plastic back cover 102, which has a similar honeycomb pattern 108. By inserting pressed hexagonal protrusions 160 in metal structure 156 into the similar hexagonal indentations 108 in transparent plastic rear cover 102, inner structure 156 and plastic back cover 102 are interlocked like a jigsaw puzzle. This increases mechanical stability, which enables creating an even slimmer profile for ESL 131. Moreover, the unique honeycomb structure is visually communicated through transparent back cover 102.

[0157] Color LEDs 205, when activated, create a visual impact by illuminating the bottom portion of transparent front cover 101. This bottom portion of transparent front cover 101 features a diffusion line Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -31-pattern (element 112 in FIG. 25) that further enhances the illumination effect. The LED illumination color is selected by the user to match a color theme of the label data, the merchandise brand, the shelf or the aisle.

[0158] Reference is made to FIG. 25, which is an exploded rear view of ESL 131 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 25 shows a locking mechanism made of three parts: anchor piece 110 joined to locking piece 115 by living hinge 109. Anchor piece 110 is affixed to protrusion 161 in metal structure 156. As discussed hereinabove with regard to FIG. 5, anchor piece 110, living hinge 109 and locking piece 115 are formed of a single piece of polypropylene. FIG.25 also shows top C grip 116 and bottom C grip 117 extending from the back of transparent back cover 102. Opening 105 in back cover 102 allows locking piece 115 to pass through back cover 102 and be positioned along top C grip 116.

[0159] IR component 206 and IR LED 207 enable ESL 131 to communicate with a server via IR communication. Diffusion line pattern 112 is interrupted by inner shape optics 113 in front of IR components 206, 207.

[0160] In addition to adding stability to ESL 131, metal core inner structure 156 holds ESL display 203 and FPC 204 securely in position in ESL 131. FPC 204 is applied and secured by double-sided adhesive to metal core inner structure 156. Thus, metal core inner structure 156, ESL display 203 and FPC 204 become a structural unit that can then be dropped between front and back covers 101, 102, of ESL 131. Additionally, protrusion 161 in metal core inner structure 156 positions polypropylene locking latch hook 115.

[0161] Metal frame 103 slides on front cover 101 from above, utilizing a recess of the split-line between front cover 101 and back cover 102, Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -32-where a recess groove is provided. The side rails in metal frame 103 are as discrete as possible, so that the frame, when placed in position, appears as an integrated part of ESL 131. Metal frame 103 is easily removed and replaced with other metal frames having different features, such as color and anodized finishes, allowing the user to change the look and feel of ESL 131 with ease.

[0162] Reference is made to FIG.26, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 24 without metal frame 103 and front cover 101, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 26 reveals components mounted on a portion of FPCB 204 that extends below display 203: IR component 206, infrared (IR) emitter 207, and seven, color light emitting diodes (LEDs) 205. These components have been discussed hereinabove. Display 203 is supported by pressed metal structure 156.

[0163] Reference is made to FIG.27, which is a front perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 26 without display 203, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.27 reveals pressed metal structure 156 and the portion of FPCB 204 that extends below display 203 and features IR component 206, IR emitter 207, and LEDs 205.

[0164] Reference is made to FIG.28, which is a front perspective view of a pressed metal structure with honeycomb structure for an ESL, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 28 is thus a front perspective view of pressed metal structure 156 with honeycomb structure 160.

[0165] Reference is made to FIG. 29, which is a rear perspective view of the ESL components of FIG. 26 without display 203, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.29 reveals pressed Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -33-metal structure 156 with honeycomb structure 160, protrusion 161 for locking piece anchor 110, and FPCB 204.

[0166] Reference is made to FIG. 30, which is a rear perspective view of a pressed metal structure with honeycomb structure for an ESL, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 29 is thus a rear perspective view of pressed metal structure 156 with honeycomb structure 160 and protrusion 161. Recess 162 is provided for securely mounting the ESL FPCB.

[0167] Reference is made to FIG.31, which is a front perspective view of connector assembly carrier 202 and metal connectors 201, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As discussed hereinabove, this connector block includes three metal connectors 201, that connect the mounting rail electrodes with FPC 204. Metal connectors 201 are mounted in plastic carrier 202 that is mounted into position in back cover 102, by press-fit or snap-lock-fit designs.

[0168] Reference is made to FIG. 32, which illustrates metal connectors 201 without plastic carrier 202, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0169] Reference is made to FIG. 33, which illustrates plastic carrier 202 without metal connectors 201, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0170] Reference is made to FIG.34, which is a front perspective view of an ESL rear cover, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 34 shows ESL rear cover 102 made of transparent plastic and featuring honeycomb pattern 108. FIG. 34 also shows opening 105 for locking piece 115, opening 107 for connector assembly carrier 202, and diffusion line pattern 155 for enhancing illumination from rear-facing ESL LEDS. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -34-

[0171] Reference is made to FIG. 35, which is an exploded side view of an ESL, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 35 shows, from left to right, metal frame 103, plastic front cover 101, display 203, metal core inner structure 156, FPCB 204, connector assembly 201, 202, locking piece 115 and plastic rear cover 102.

[0172] Reference is made to FIG.36, which is a front perspective view of two-cell battery pack front cover 301, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 36 shows battery connector 403 exposed at the bottom of front cover 301 for mating with one of metal connectors 201 in bottom c grip 117 of an ESL paired with the battery pack.

[0173] Reference is made to FIG. 37, which is a rear perspective view of the front cover of two-cell battery pack 321 of FIGS. 7 and 8, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 37 shows two, coin cell batteries 401 housed in front cover 301, and battery connectors 402 and 403. Groove 318 along the top edge of front cover 301 receives a lip along the outer edge of ESL locking pieces 104 or 115 when the locking piece is lowered to secure the ESL to the battery pack.

[0174] Reference is made to FIG.38, which is a front perspective view of the back cover of two-cell battery pack 321 of FIGS. 7 and 8, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 38 shows two, coin cell batteries 401 housed in back cover 302, and battery connectors 402 and 403. Housing geometries 305 and 306 are designed to fit with prior art c channel mounting rail 501 of FIGS. 1 - 3.

[0175] Reference is made to FIG.39, which is a front perspective view of ESL 132 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -35-present invention. FIG. 39 shows display 209, transparent front cover 121, transparent back cover 122 and pressed metal frame 123.

[0176] Reference is made to FIG. 40, which is a rear perspective view of ESL 132 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 40 shows transparent front cover 121, transparent back cover 122, pressed metal frame 123, top C grip 116, bottom C grip 117 and locking piece 115. FIG. 40 shows three metal connectors 201 extending into bottom C grip 117.

[0177] Reference is made to FIG.41, which is a front perspective view components in ESL 132 of FIGS. 39 and 40 without pressed metal frame 123 and transparent front cover 121, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 41 reveals seven components mounted below display 209: infrared (IR) emitter 207, five, color light emitting diodes (LEDs) 205 and IR component 206. These components have been discussed hereinabove.

[0178] Reference is made to FIG.42, which is a front perspective view of the transparent back cover 122 of ESL 132 of FIG. 41, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 42 shows locking piece anchor 110 and connector assembly carrier 202 for metal connectors 201 mounted on the interior of back cover 122.

[0179] Reference is made to FIG.43, which is a front perspective view of the transparent back cover 122 of ESL 132 of FIG. 41, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 43 shows opening 105 for locking piece 104 or 115, and recess / opening 107 for connector assembly carrier 202. FIG. 43 also shows snap lock 106 for connector assembly carrier 202.

[0180] Reference is made to FIG.44, which is a front perspective view of ESL 133 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -36-present invention. FIG. 44 shows display 210, transparent front cover 124, transparent back cover 125 and pressed metal frame 126.

[0181] Reference is made to FIG. 45, which is a rear perspective view of ESL 133 of FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 45 shows transparent front cover 124, transparent back cover 125, pressed metal frame 126, top C grip 116, bottom C grip 117 and locking piece 115. FIG. 27 shows three metal connectors 201 in bottom C grip 117.

[0182] Reference is made to FIG. 46, which is a rear perspective view of ESL 133 of FIG. 9 attached to two-cell battery pack 321 of FIG. 7, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Two-cell battery pack 321 is used with ESLs 131 - 133 of FIG. 9.

[0183] Reference is made to FIG.47, which is a front perspective view of components in ESL 133 behind transparent front cover 124, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 47 reveals nine components mounted below display 210: infrared (IR) emitter 207, seven, color light emitting diodes (LEDs) 205 and IR component 206. These components have been discussed hereinabove.

[0184] Reference is made to FIG. 48, which illustrates a single ESL used to concurrently present labels for two different products, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 48 shows ESL 132 presenting two labels in two areas of display 209, namely, a first product label 140 on the left portion of display 209 and a second product label 141 on the right portion of display 209. The labels are further visually distinguished from one another by illuminating the right half 142 of the ESL housing in a first color, and illuminating the left half 143 of the ESL housing in a second color. The two different colors are generated by selectively activating different Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -37-ones of multicolor LEDs 205 in ESL 132 to illuminate in different colors.

[0185] Yet another feature enabled at step 1 in accordance with the present invention is battery replacement. Prior art battery powered ESL units are shipped to the user with one or more non-replaceable batteries included in the ESL unit, resulting in shorter product lifetimes, increased electronic waste, loss of rare materials, and unnecessary expenditure for consumers, who need to replace the entire ESL unit when the batteries die. In contrast, ESLs according to the present invention separate the battery pack from the ESL unit, allowing the ESL unit to continue to be in service beyond the battery lifetime, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7. Moreover, battery packs according to the present invention enable the batteries to be removed and replaced, as illustrated by FIGS. 6 and 8, allowing spent and faulty batteries to be replaced and recycled, while continuing to use the battery pack with replacement batteries. STEP 2: Replace existing mounting rails with new mounting rails

[0186] At step 2, the user keeps the ESL-battery pack pairs deployed in step 1, and replaces only the user’s legacy mounting rails with mounting rails according to the present invention. A range of different mounting rails is provided according to the present invention, all featuring a common, shared profile suitable for gripping by top and bottom c grips 116, 117 of FIGS. 5, 7, 23 and 45. In order to configure the ESL-battery pack pairs deployed in step 1, for mounting rails according to the present invention, the back covers of the battery packs that were configured with upper and lower geometries 305, 306 shown in FIG. 7, and geometries 312, 313 shown in FIG. 5, to fit Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -38-mounting rail 501 of FIGS. 1 – 3 are replaced with new back covers having c grips similar to c grips 116, 117.

[0187] Mounting rails according to the present invention are designed for snap-on mounting to any shelf by providing a mounting bracket that the user mounts along a shelf. The mounting bracket provides an interface to connect any of the mounting rails according to the present invention to the front of the mounting bracket. The back of the mounting bracket is custom designed by the user or its shelf supplier to grip the user’s merchandise shelf.

[0188] Reference is made to FIG. 49, which is a perspective view of a mounting rail bracket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 49 shows mounting bracket 516 for affixing an electronic shelf label mounting rail to a merchandise shelf. Upper attachment ledge 517 extends upward and forward along the front length of mounting bracket 516, and lower attachment ledge 518 extends downward and forward along the front length of mounting bracket 516. Attachment ledges 517 and 518 are configured to be inserted into corresponding upper and lower attachment trenches along the back of electronic shelf label mounting rails according to the present invention. In embodiments of the invention, mounting bracket 516 is made of transparent polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Back panel 519 of mounting bracket 516 faces the merchandise shelf. In embodiments of the invention an interface, e.g., a grip, corresponding to the form factor of the user’s merchandise shelf extends from back panel 519 to affix mounting bracket 516 along the front edge of the shelf.

[0189] Reference is made to FIG.50, which is a perspective view from behind of a mounting rail bracket, in accordance with an embodiment Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -39-of the present invention. FIG.50 shows attachment ledges 517, 518, and back panel 519, of mounting bracket 516.

[0190] Reference is made to FIG.51, which is a perspective side view of a mounting rail mounted on a mounting rail bracket, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 51 shows mounting rail 502 mounted on mounting rail bracket 516. Attachment ledges 517, 518 are inserted along corresponding trenches along the back of mounting rail 502. This ledge-trench engagement is indicated in FIG. 51 as snap-on interface 506.

[0191] In certain embodiments of the invention, mounting rails 502, 508 and 512 are mounted on bracket 516 by aligning the profile of the trenches on the mounting rail with the profile of attachment ledges 517, 518 and sliding the mounting rail along the bracket. In other embodiments, the slightly elastic properties of the mounting bracket PVC enable mounting the mounting rails with a snap-on action, e.g., by inserting bottom ledge 518 into its corresponding trench along the back of the mounting rail and then pressing the top half of the mounting rail towards bracket 516 to snap upper ledge 517 into its corresponding trench along the back of the mounting rail. This is the meaning of the term “snap-on interface” in the current specification.

[0192] Although FIG. 51 shows mounting rail 502, other mounting rails in accordance with the present invention, namely, mounting rails 508 and 512, are mounted on mounting bracket 516 in the same way. All of the mounting rails according to the present invention have a number of features in common: • Font, top and bottom profile configured for interfacing with c grips on the ESLs and battery packs of the present invention; • Locking recess or trench, along the back of the mounting rail for receiving ESL locking pieces 104 and 115, discussed Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -40-hereinabove, when the locking piece on a mounted ESL is moved downward; • Two attachment trenches along the back of the mounting rail for receiving corresponding attachment ledges on the mounting bracket in a snap-on interface; and • Three electrodes arranged along the bottom edge of the rail for transmitting power and / or data to ESLs and other devices mounted on the rail.

[0193] Reference is made to FIG. 52, which illustrates a first mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 52 shows transparent PVC mounting rail 502, featuring locking recess or trench 507, upper and lower attachment trenches 521 and 522, and three electrodes 601. Locking recess or trench 507 receives a lip on ESL locking pieces 104 and 115, discussed hereinabove, when the locking piece on a mounted ESL is moved downward to secure the ESL to mounting rail 502. Upper and lower attachment trenches 521 and 522 receive corresponding attachment ledges 517 and 518 on mounting bracket 516, discussed hereinabove. Three electrodes 601 are partially exposed along the bottom profile of mounting rail 502 to connect with metal connectors 201 exposed along the upper surface of bottom c grip 117, discussed hereinabove, on a mounted ESL or other device.

[0194] FIG. 52 also shows area 505 along the interior of mounting rail 502 for mounting an illumination strip that, when activated, illuminates transparent PVC mounting rail 502. Diffractive optics 523 along the interior of the front panel of mounting rail 502 create an illumination pattern when the lighting strip is activated. A thus illuminated mounting rail increases the engagement area with shoppers beyond the ESLs to include the entire front edge of the shelf. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -41-The user can illuminate mounting rail 502 in colors that fit the ESL metal frames, the ESL illumination, the merchandise, the product brand, the shelf or the store. As mounting rail illumination requires more power than typically provided by a battery or light harvesting unit, mounting rail illumination is typically activated at steps 4 and 5.

[0195] Reference is made to FIG. 53, which illustrates the first mounting rail of FIG. 52 mounted on the mounting bracket of FIG. 49, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 53 shows snap-on interface 506 connecting rail 502 with mounting bracket 516. Diffractive optics 523 and three electrodes 601 of mounting rail 502 are also indicated in FIG. 53.

[0196] Reference is made to FIG. 54, which illustrates the first mounting rail of FIG. 52, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 54 shows mounting rail 502 with end caps 503, 504 covering the ends of the rail.

[0197] Reference is made to FIG. 55, which illustrates a second mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 55 shows transparent PVC mounting rail 508, featuring locking recess or trench 507, upper and lower attachment trenches 521 and 522, and three electrodes 601, features discussed hereinabove with regard to mounting rail 502. FIG. 55 shows opposing slots, behind the front panel of rail 508, having profile 509. This allows for printed plastic film to be inserted between the slots along the length of the rail to be viewed through the clear front panel of the rail. The printed plastic contains, e.g., branding logos corresponding to merchandise on the shelf, a holiday theme such as “Merry Christmas”, and in-store promotions. Thus, mounting rail 508 increases the messaging area with shoppers beyond the ESLs to include the entire front edge of the shelf. FIG. 55 also shows area Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -42-505 along the interior of mounting rail 508 for mounting an illumination strip that, when activated, illuminates the inserted printed plastic film from behind, enhancing the visual impact of the printed message. As mounting rail illumination requires more power than typically provided by a battery or light harvesting unit, mounting rail illumination is typically activated at steps 4 and 5. End caps, similar to those shown in FIG. 54, are provided for mounting rail 508, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention

[0198] Reference is made to FIG. 56, which illustrates a second mounting rail and a plastic film that can be inserted therein, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Plastic film 524, shown in front of mounting rail 508, can be inserted along profile 509 to be seen through the transparent front panel of the mounting rail.

[0199] Reference is made to FIG. 57, which illustrates a third mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 57 shows mounting rail 512 that includes trim 513 resting on a ledge formed on rail 512. Different trims 513 are provided to enable the user to exchange trims. For example, different trims made of different materials, such as wood, acrylic or metal, allow the user to modify the look and feel of the rail by applying an appropriate trim. In embodiments of the invention, the trim is secured on the mounting rail ledge by an adhesive.

[0200] Transparent PVC mounting rail 512, features locking recess or trench 507, upper and lower attachment trenches 521 and 522, and three electrodes 601, features discussed hereinabove with regard to mounting rail 502. End caps covering the left and right edges of both mounting rail 512 and trim 513, similar to end caps 503, 504 shown Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -43-in FIG. 54, are provided for this third mounting rail, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

[0201] Reference is made to FIG. 58, which is an exploded view of the third mounting rail of FIG. 57, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.58 shows PVC mounting rail 512, ledge 525 to support trim 513, and trim 513.

[0202] As discussed hereinabove, in order to configure the ESL- battery pack pairs deployed in step 1, for mounting rails according to the present invention, the back covers of the one-cell, and two-cell, battery packs that were configured with upper and lower geometries 305, 306 shown in FIG. 7, and geometries 312, 313 shown in FIG. 5, to fit mounting rail 501 of FIGS. 1 – 3 are replaced with new back covers having c grips similar to ESL c grips 116, 117. This process is illustrated in FIGS. 59 – 66.

[0203] Reference is made to FIG. 59, which is an exploded view of an ESL and a single-cell battery pack configured for step 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.59 shows ESL 130 and corresponding battery pack 320.

[0204] Reference is made to FIG. 60, which is an illustration of the ESL, and an exploded view of the one-cell battery pack, of FIG. 59, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 60 shows how back cover 310 of battery pack 320 is removed by unscrewing locking screw 303.

[0205] Reference is made to FIG.61, which is an illustration of an ESL and an exploded view of a one-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 61 shows how back cover 311 is attached to front housing 309 using locking screw 303. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -44-

[0206] Reference is made to FIG.62, which is an illustration of an ESL and a one-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 62 shows battery pack 322, whose back cover 311 features top c grip 314 and bottom c grip 315 for gripping mounting rails in accordance with the present invention.

[0207] Reference is made to FIG. 63, which illustrates an ESL and battery pack mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 63 shows ESL 130 gripping battery pack 322, and battery pack 322 gripping mounting rail 502 with top c grip 314 and bottom c grip 315.

[0208] Reference is made to FIG. 64, which is a rear view of an ESL and a two-cell battery pack configured for step 1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 64 shows ESL 131 and corresponding battery pack 321.

[0209] Reference is made to FIG. 65, which is a rear view of the ESL and an exploded rear view of the two-cell battery pack of FIG. 64, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 65 shows how housing back cover 302 of battery pack 321 is removed by unscrewing locking screw 303.

[0210] Reference is made to FIG. 66, which is a rear view of an ESL and an exploded rear view of a two-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 66 shows how housing back cover 304 is attached to housing front cover 301 using locking screw 303.

[0211] Reference is made to FIG. 67, which is a rear view of an ESL and two-cell battery pack adapted for new mounting rails, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 67 shows two-cell battery pack 323, whose back cover 304 features top Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -45-c grip 307 and bottom c grip 308 for gripping mounting rails in accordance with the present invention.

[0212] Reference is made to FIG. 68, which illustrates an ESL and battery pack mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 68 shows ESL 131 gripping battery pack 323, and battery pack 323 gripping mounting rail 502 with top c grip 307 and bottom c grip 308. STEP 2 Features

[0213] At step 2, the user has installed mounting rails in accordance with the present invention, but maintained the ESL-battery pack pairs from step 1. The new mounting rails provided greater design freedom for the user to expand its message beyond the ESLs to the entire shelf profile with printed messaging, and a range of trims. The new mounting rails can also be illuminated, but this feature is typically implemented at steps 4 and 5 when the rails are connected to a constant power supply. Moreover, by providing a common mounting bracket featuring a snap-on interface for each of the new mounting rails, the user can change between different types of new mounting rail with ease.

[0214] While continuing to use a dedicated battery pack for each ESL, the user does not yet take advantage of electrodes 601 included in the new mounting rails for data and power. Nonetheless, the user has upgraded its infrastructure, whereby the transition from battery power to more efficient forms of power and to more powerful and interactive ESLs in steps 3 – 5 is now ready. STEP 3 – Connect ESLs directly to mounting rails Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -46-

[0215] At step 3, the mounting rail electrodes are connected to a local power source, enabling ESLs mounted directly on the rail to receive power from that source. The battery pack paired with each ESL is removed, and each ESL is remounted directly onto the mounting rail.

[0216] Reference is made to FIG. 69, which is a perspective view of a first ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 69 shows ESL 130 gripping mounting rail 502 with c grip 116. Locking piece 104 has been moved down into locked position whereby the outer edge of locking piece 104 entered a locking recess or trench along the back of mounting rail 502.

[0217] Reference is made to FIG. 70, which is a perspective view of a second ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 70 shows ESL 131 gripping mounting rail 502 with c grip 116. Locking piece 104 has been moved down into locked position whereby the outer edge of locking piece 104 entered a locking recess or trench along the back of mounting rail 502. As discussed hereinabove, each of the different mounting rails according to the present invention, namely, rails 502, 508, 512, has the same top-front-bottom profile. Therefore, any ESL in accordance with the present invention, namely, ESLs 130 - 133, having c grips 116, 117 and locking piece 104 or 115, can be mounted onto any of the mounting rails.

[0218] Reference is made to FIG. 71, which is a perspective view of an ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 71 shows c grips 116, 117 of ESL 130 gripping mounting rail 502. Electrodes 602, 603 are seen along the bottom of mounting rail 502; electrode 601 is blocked from view by cap 503. Each of the three ESL metal connectors 201 connects to a Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -47-corresponding one of electrodes 601 – 603 along the upper surface of c grip 117. At step 3, only power is transmitted over electrodes 601 – 603, i.e., only two of these electrodes are connected to a local power source. FIG. 69 also shows upper and lower trenches 521, 522 for snap-on interface with a mounting bracket, as discussed hereinabove.

[0219] Although FIG. 71 show ESL 130 on mounting rail 502, the other ESLs in accordance with the present invention, namely, ESLs 131 - 133 are mounted in the same way. Similarly, mounting rails 508 and 512, are used in the same way as mounting rail 502 indicated in FIG. 71.

[0220] Reference is made to FIG. 72, which is a profile view of an ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 72 shows ESL 130 mounted on mounting rail 502. However, as each of ESLs 130 – 133 of the present invention has the same profile, this figure could represent any of these ESLs mounted on rail 502. FIG. 72 shows ESL grips 116, 117 gripping mounting rail 502 and locking piece 104 lowered into locking position.

[0221] Reference is made to FIG. 73, which is a close-up view of an ESL mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 73 illustrates the locked position of locking piece 115, that is, the lowered locking piece 115 folds over the top the mounting rail and the outer tip of the locking piece enters locking recess 507 at the back of the mounting rail. ESL 131 cannot be removed from mounting rail 502 without raising locking piece 115 into the unlock position to remove it from locking recess 507.

[0222] Although FIGS. 72 and 73 show ESL 131 on mounting rail 502, the other ESLs in accordance with the present invention, namely, ESLs 130, 132 and 133 are mounted in the same way. Similarly, Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -48-mounting rails 508 and 512, are used in the same way as mounting rail 502 indicated in FIGS. 72 and 73.

[0223] Reference is made to FIGS. 74 and 75, which are cross- sectional views of ESL lock mechanisms engaging with a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 74 shows locking piece 115 lowered into lock position on mounting rail 502. Mounting rail 502 is mounted on mounting bracket 516 by snap- on interface 506. Locking piece 115 is anchored to the housing back cover of an ESL (not shown) by anchor 110. Living hinge 109 allows locking piece 115 to be raised and lowered. FIG. 74 shows the outer tip of locking piece 115 inside locking recess 507. The small distance between lowered locking piece 115 and mounting bracket 516 requires use of a tool in order to raise locking piece 115 to the unlock position, preventing unauthorized removal of the ESL.

[0224] FIG. 75 shows locking piece 104 lowered into lock position on mounting rail 502. Locking piece 104 features ergonomic lever 134 that facilitates raising locking piece 104 from the locked position to the unlocked position by hand, without use of the tool required to raise locking piece 115.

[0225] Reference is made to FIG. 76, is an illustration of a light harvesting panel mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. One way to supply power to the mounting rail electrodes is to attach a power bank to the mounting rail electrodes. The battery unit is capable of powering all of ESLs on the mounting rail, by transmitting power over the mounting rail electrodes. Another option is to mount a power generator, such as a light harvesting unit, on the mounting rail and transmitting power generated by the light harvesting unit over the mounting rail electrodes to all of the ESLs mounted on the rail. FIG. 76 shows light Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -49-harvesting unit 410 mounted on rail 502. The unit housing includes transparent front cover 411 that admits ambient light onto a photovoltaic panel inside the housing, and back cover 412. Back cover 412 is identical to ESL housing back cover 125 shown in FIG.45, with c grips and a locking piece attached to a living hinge for securing the unit to the rail, and metal connectors threaded through the back panel that transmit power generated by the photovoltaic panel to the mounting rail electrodes.

[0226] Reference is made to FIG. 77, which is an illustration of a light harvesting panel mounted on a mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 77 shows locking piece 115 inserted into recess 507 in mounting rail 502, locking unit 410 to the mounting rail. Each of the three metal connectors 201 in light harvesting unit 410 connects to a corresponding one of electrodes 601 – 603 along the upper surface of c grip 117, as discussed hereinabove regarding FIG. 71. And as discussed hereinabove regarding FIG. 71, mounting rails 508 and 512, are used in the same way as mounting rail 502 indicated in FIGS. 76 and 77.

[0227] Reference is made to FIG. 78, which is an exploded view of a light harvesting panel, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 78 shows photovoltaic panel 413 mounted between housing front cover 411 and housing back cover 412.

[0228] Reference is made to FIG. 79, which is an illustration of the interior side of a light harvesting unit housing back cover, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 79 shows locking piece anchor 110 that secures locking piece 115 to back cover 412 and connector assembly carrier 202 for metal connectors 201 mounted on the interior of back cover 422. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -50-STEP 3 Features

[0229] At step 3, the user increased efficiency and reduced electronic waste, by eliminating the individual battery packs paired with each ESL at steps 1 and 2. The entire system profile has been streamlined by mounting the ESLs directly onto the mounting rails without the intervening battery packs, and powering the system using light harvesting or a power bank. STEP 4 – Connect mounting rail to electricity grid

[0230] At step 4, the user connects the mounting rails to the electricity grid, to deliver more electricity to the ESLs than the light harvester or large battery pack at step 3. This enables activating further features in the ESLs and mounting rails and allows adding additional functional modules to the rails, such as cameras and proximity sensors.

[0231] For example, with the greater supply of electricity, the user can replace the electronic paper displays in the ESLs with flat panel displays, which are much brighter and more colorful than electronic paper displays. The flat panel displays can also present more dynamic, animated graphics than electronic paper displays. As another example, the user can add a camera or proximity sensor to the ESLs, and program the ESL to respond to an approaching shopper, e.g., by activating the color LEDs in the ESL.

[0232] The user can also create an independent camera or proximity sensor module that is configured to be powered by the mounting rail like the ESLs. This camera or proximity sensor can be configured, e.g., to activate the mounting rail illumination in response to detecting an approaching shopper. Moreover, the camera can report detections to the server using IR or other wireless communication in the ESL or included in the independent camera unit. For example, a forward Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -51-facing camera can track shopper traffic in front of the merchandise shelf, and communicate with the server, which can generate data and commands for nearby ESLs in response to the detection, e.g., run an animation on their displays. Similarly, a back facing camera can be used to track inventory on the shelf and report inventory changes to the server.

[0233] Yet another example is to enable stronger illumination by LEDs in the ESLs to illuminate the shelf behind the bottom of an ESL, or to illuminate the shopping aisle by positioning ESLs along the aisle close to the floor.

[0234] Reference is made to FIG. 80, which is an illustration of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG.80 shows power connector unit 415 mounted on mounting rail 502. As discussed hereinabove, units configured for mounting on any of the mounting rails according to the present invention can be mounted on all of the rails according to the present invention, as all rails according to the present invention share a common profile and configuration of the three electrodes along the bottom of the rail. FIG. 80 shows housing front cover 127, housing back cover 128 and two power cords 211, 212.

[0235] Reference is made to FIG. 81, which is an illustration of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 81 shows c grips 116, 117 and locking piece 115 in locked position, affixing power connector unit 415 to mounting rail 502. Power cord 212 connects connector block 214 to a local power source. Connector block 214 directs power to one or more of electrodes 601 – 603 for transmission to ESLs and other functional units mounted along mounting rail 502. This transmission is via three metal connectors 201 exposed along the Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -52-upper surface of c clip 117 to meet electrodes 601 – 603, respectively. Connector block 214 also directs power via power cord 211 to the mounting rail lighting strip, discussed hereinabove with regard to FIG. 52.

[0236] And as discussed hereinabove regarding FIG. 71, mounting rails 508 and 512, are used in the same way as mounting rail 502 indicated in FIGS. 80 and 81.

[0237] Reference is made to FIG. 82, which is an exploded front view of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 82 shows LEDs 215 for functional indication, e.g., power on, mounted on PCB 213. Light from illuminated LEDs 215 is viewable through front cover 127. Connectors 201 are electrically insulated and mechanically shielded by connector assembly carrier 202, which is mounted in recess / opening 107. Locking piece anchor 110 plugs opening 105 when locking piece 115 is inserted through opening 105. Locking piece 115 can be lowered and raised into the lock and unlock positions due to living hinge 109.

[0238] Reference is made to FIG. 83, which is an exploded rear view of a power connector for an ESL mounting rail, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 83 shows diffusion line pattern 112, inner shape optics 113 and 111, and recessed logo 129 on the inside of front cover 127. Optics 113 enable clear transmission of light for functional indications by LEDs 215. Optics 111 is provided in order to enable IR communication when IR components are provided on PCB 213. FIG. 83 also shows power components mounted on PCB 213, three metal connectors 201 borne in connector assembly 202, connector block 214, locking piece 115 and c grips 116, 117 extending from back cover 128. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -53-STEP 4 Features

[0239] At step 4, the user significantly increased the power supply by connecting the ESL system to power in the building. This opens a range of possibilities to add functions that require more power than a battery or light harvester can provide, including mounting rail illumination, interactive graphics on the ESL display, interactive ESL housing illumination and the possibility to add sensors, both to the ESLs and as independent units mounted on the mounting rail. STEP 5 – Transmit data over mounting rail electrodes

[0240] At step 5 the mounting rail electrodes are used for data transmission to and from ESLs mounted on the rail. In certain embodiments, only data cables are inserted into power connector 415, which uses one of rail electrodes 601 – 603 as a data wire. In this case, power is provided over another one of electrodes 601 – 603 by a power unit mounted on the rail, such as a large battery pack or light harvesting unit 410 discussed hereinabove with regard to FIG. 76. In other embodiments, power cord 211 in FIGS. 80 and 81 carries both power and data, either on distinct power and data cables, or both power and data are transmitted over the same cable, as explained hereinbelow.

[0241] A bias-T network enables sending both power and data over a transmission line. The principles of a bias-T network are employed to transmit data and power over one of mounting rail electrodes 601 – 603. In certain embodiments of the invention, data signals are diplexed with power transmission at the server computer, which sends the diplexed signal over power cord 211 to the mounting rail. In other embodiments, power connector 415 diplexes data signals with power, that arrive at power connector 415 over separate cables. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -54-

[0242] Reference is made to FIG. 84 which is a schematic drawing illustrating two-way transmission of data and power over a mounting rail electrode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 84 shows controller 605 having logic control 606 and analog front end 607. Analog front end 607 includes coupling circuit 609 for diplexing power and data signals and decoupling circuit 608 for extracting data from an incoming diplexed signal. Logic control 605 is configured to control activation of device 135, which is an ESL or another functional device, e.g., a camera or illuminator, mounted on a mounting rail. Device 135 includes logic control 218 and analog front end 219. Analog front end 219 includes coupling circuit 221, and decoupling circuit 220 for extracting data from a diplexed signal. Coupling circuit 221 is used for sending data signals back to controller 605. In certain embodiments of the invention, the device is an ESL and analog front end (AFE) functionality is provided by an ASIC mounted in the ESL for IR communication, as the same function block used to extract data signals from IR pulses can be used to extract data signals from the voltage transmission. Mounting rail electrode 601 provides two-way communication between controller 605 and device 135.

[0243] In some embodiments, the duplexed signal voltage is low, whereby power is interrupted when signals are transmitted. In this case, data and power are transmitted alternately over mounting rail electrode 601. In other embodiments, the signals use a much smaller amplitude than the power voltage, allowing an uninterrupted power supply over mounting rail electrode 601 to device 135.

[0244] In certain embodiments, controller 605 is mounted in power connector 415. In other embodiments, controller 605 resides in a remote server connected to power connector 415. In certain Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -55-embodiments, a single power connector 415 provides data and power to a number of mounting rails along shelves in a shelving rack.

[0245] Thus, mounting rails according to the present invention are operable to carry both power and data over each of two of electrodes 601 – 603, where the third electrode is connected to ground. In this case, independent signals with different voltages, or different signals, can be transmitted simultaneously over two of electrodes 601 – 603.

[0246] At step 5, different ESLs mounted on a mounting rail are also operable to communicate with each other. For example, a camera sensor in one ESL that detects a shopper in the aisle sends a signal to other ESLs causing the other ESLs to illuminate or change the data on their displays.

[0247] At step 5 the system is in a state in which the ESL units can be configured to operate as thin clients controlled by a server. This can reduce cost, as thin client ESLs require fewer components than the ESLs introduced at step 1. In this case, the controller issues instructions to the ESLs in a format natively supported by drivers of the ESL displays.

[0248] Reference is made to FIG. 85, which is a flow chart of a first method for determining the location of each ESL mounted along a mounting rail. At step 701, controller 605 instructs ESLs along a mounting rail to activate a switch to selectively bridge in, or remove, the ESL from the mounting rail wire loop. At step 702, controller 605 measures the resulting change in resistance, capacitance or inductance in the current along the mounting rail, and at step 703, controller 605 calculates the location of the device that caused these changes.

[0249] Reference is made to FIG.86, which is a flow chart of a second method for determining the location of each ESL mounted along a Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -56-mounting rail. At step 704, controller 605 instructs all ESLs but one to selectively disengage from the mounting rail circuit. At step 705, controller 605 measures the echo time of a signal sent along the mounting rail to the remaining ESL, and at step 706, controller 605 calculates the ESL location based on the echo time.

[0250] Reference is made to FIG. 87, which is a flow chart of a third method for determining the location of each ESL mounted along a mounting rail. As discussed hereinabove, mounting rails 502 and 508 feature LED backlights, and in embodiments of the invention, controller 605 is enabled to control individual ones of these LEDs. At step 707, controller 605 activates different ones of the LEDs with different modulations, enabling a light sensor on each ESL to identify light from each of the different LEDs. Controller 605 sends the time of each LED activation to the ESLs. At step 708, each ESL identifies light from each LED by its modulation and measures the time between activation of each LED and detection of light at the ESL. At step 709, each ESL calculates its location along the mounting rail through triangulation of the activation-detection interval times and sends its location to the controller. Step 5 Features

[0251] At step 5 the ESL system has become a fully integrated system in which every unit is in communication with all of the other units, enabling a much more interactive and responsive system. The system is now capable of utilizing the features of illuminating devices and mounting rails in a highly interactive way based on environmental cues, such as customer traffic and merchandise availability on the shelf in real time. The system is also ready to be further enhanced with added functional units that the user can mount on the mounting rails. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -57-These added units can communicate with all the parts of the existing system over the mounting rail communication enabled at step 5.

[0252] In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to the specific exemplary embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -58-

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An electronic shelf label comprising: a housing, comprising a light transmissive portion on the front or rear of the housing; a c clip extending from the rear of said housing, configured for gripping a mounting rail; a mechanical locking device for locking said c clip to the mounting rail, mounted between portions of said c clip, the locking device comprising: a solid plastic hinge moveable downwards and upwards to lock and release from the mounting rail; and a lip that enters a groove along the back of the mounting rail when the hinge is moved downward; a PCB mounted in said housing; a display mounted in said housing; a plurality of light emitters mounted on said PCB, that, when activated, emit light through said light transmissive portion of said housing; a connector assembly carrier mounted in said housing; and, at least two wires, mounted in said connector assembly carrier and extending from said PCB to said c clip, configured to provide power to said display from a power source gripped by said c clip.

2. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, wherein said light emitters are color light emitters mounted facing the front of said housing that, when activated, color said light transmissive portion on the front of said housing.

3. The electronic shelf label of claim 2, wherein said light transmissive portion comprises optics configured to diffract light emitted by said color light emitters. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -59-4. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, wherein said light emitters are mounted facing the rear of said housing to illuminate merchandise on a shelf behind the electronic shelf label.

5. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, further comprising: infrared communication components mounted on said PCB behind said light transmissive portion on the front of said housing, for receiving data for said display.

6. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, further comprising: a front-facing camera or proximity sensor, mounted on said PCB, for monitoring activity in front of the electronic shelf label through said light transmissive portion on the front of said housing.

7. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, further comprising: a rear-facing camera or proximity sensor, mounted on said PCB, for monitoring merchandise on a shelf behind the electronic shelf label through said light transmissive portion on the rear of said housing.

8. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, wherein said mechanical locking device comprises a tab for moving the hinge upwards to release the lock from the mounting rail.

9. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of metal display frames in different colors, wherein each frame is configured to be mounted onto the front of said housing, and removed therefrom, without opening said housing.

10. The electronic shelf label of claim 9, wherein said housing further comprises a recessed split-line between the front and rear of the housing, and wherein each of said display frames engages with said recessed split- line when mounted onto the front of said housing. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -60-11. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, further comprising: an analog front end integrated circuit mounted on said PCB, operable to separate a signal from power voltage received over said wires, to enable an uninterrupted power source to carry data signals for said display.

12. The electronic shelf label of claim 11, wherein at least three wires are mounted in said connector assembly carrier, extending from said PCB to said c clip, to carry, for said display, independent signals with different voltages, or differential signals simultaneously, on two of the three wires.

13. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, wherein said housing comprises: a front cover; and a rear cover, comprising a geometric pattern of indentations facing an interior of said housing; the electronic shelf label further comprising: a pressed metal structure, mounted behind said display, comprising a geometric pattern of protrusions inserted into the geometric pattern of indentations in said rear cover.

14. The electronic shelf label of claim 13, wherein the geometric patterns are honeycomb patterns.

15. The electronic shelf label of claim 1, further comprising: a battery pack comprising: a battery housing comprising separable front and back housing panels, wherein a top and bottom of the battery housing is formed to be gripped by said electronic shelf label c clip; Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -61-a plurality of battery housing back panels corresponding to a respective plurality of different mounting rails having different form factors; at least one exchangeable battery mounted in said battery housing; and battery electrodes at the bottom of said battery housing to power an attached electronic shelf label.

16. The electronic shelf label of claim 15 mounted on a mounting rail not connected to a power source, wherein, when the mounting rail is subsequently connected to a power source, the electronic shelf label is mounted on the mounting rail without said battery pack and powered by the power source.

17. An electronic shelf label system comprising: a plurality of electronic shelf labels according to any of claims 1 - 16; and, a mounting rail comprising: a back panel configured to be attached to a merchandise shelf, the back panel comprising upper and lower attachment ledges along the front length of the panel; and, a front panel, configured to be gripped by said c clip of each of said plurality of labels, comprising: upper and lower attachment trenches along the back of the front panel configured to be snapped onto said upper and lower attachment ledges, respectively; a ground wire extending along the length of the front panel configured for grounding said labels; two wires extending along the length of the front panel, each wire being configured to transmit (i) power for the displays of Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -62-said labels, (ii) data corresponding to the merchandise on the shelf for the displays of said labels, and (iii) a combination of the power and the data for the displays.

18. The electronic shelf label system of claim 17, wherein adjacently mounted ones of said electronic shelf labels present respective portions of a contiguous graphic on their respective displays.

19. The electronic shelf label system of claim 17, wherein said mounting rail front panel further comprises: a light transmissive, diffractive front surface; and, an illumination strip mounted behind said front surface, that, when activated, illuminates said diffractive front surface.

20. The electronic shelf label system of claim 17, wherein said mounting rail front panel further comprises: a transparent front surface; top and bottom grooves behind said front surface configured to receive a printed plastic film corresponding to the merchandise on the shelf; and an illumination strip mounted behind said top and bottom grooves, that, when activated, illuminates the printed plastic film from behind.

21. The electronic shelf label system of claim 17, wherein said mounting rail front panel further comprises: a ledge for mounting a decorative trim; and, a plurality of differently colored decorative trims for mounting on said ledge.

22. The electronic shelf label system of claim 21, wherein said decorative trims are made of wood, plastic or metal. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -63-23. The electronic shelf label system of claim 17, further comprising a power module comprising: a module housing; a c clip extending from a rear of said module housing, configured for gripping said mounting rail; a mechanical locking device for locking said c clip to said mounting rail, mounted between portions of said c clip, the locking device comprising: a solid plastic hinge moveable downwards and upwards to lock and release from said mounting rail; and a lip that enters a groove along the back of said mounting rail gripped by said c clip grips when the hinge is moved downward; a battery or an energy harvester, mounted in said module housing, providing electrical power for said electronic shelf labels via said two wires extending along the length of said front panel.

24. The electronic shelf label system of claim 17, further comprising a power connector configured to provide power from an electrical grid to said two wires extending along the length of said front panel.

25. The electronic shelf label system of claim 24, wherein said mounting rail front panel further comprises an illumination strip, and wherein said power connector is further configured to provide power to said illumination strip.

26. The electronic shelf label system of claim 24, further comprising a data connector configured to enable data communication between said electronic shelf labels and a server computer over said two wires extending along the length of the front panel. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -64-27. The electronic shelf label system of claim 26, further comprising a bias-tee diplexer configured to multiplex inputs from said power connector and said data connector onto each of said two wires.

28. The electronic shelf label system of claim 26, wherein the data communication comprises data streams in a format natively supported by drivers of the displays of said labels.

29. A mounting bracket for affixing an electronic shelf label mounting rail to a merchandise shelf, the mounting rail supporting a plurality of electronic shelf labels that display data corresponding to merchandise on the shelf, the mounting bracket comprising: a panel mounted along a merchandise shelf; an upper attachment ledge extending upward and forward along the front length of said panel, configured to be inserted into a corresponding upper attachment trench along a back of an electronic shelf label mounting rail; and a lower attachment ledge, below said upper attachment ledge, extending downward and forward along the front length of said panel, configured to be inserted into a corresponding lower attachment trench along the back of the electronic shelf label mounting rail, wherein the electronic shelf label mounting rail is affixed to the mounting bracket by snapping the upper and lower mounting rail attachment trenches onto said upper and lower attachment ledges, respectively. Atty. Docket No. PRICER-P006PCT -65-

Images