Electrode contact structure, test apparatus, test system, and photovoltaic cell

Abstract

The present application provides an electrode contact structure, a test apparatus, a test system, and a photovoltaic cell. A first surface of the photovoltaic cell is provided with a plurality of electrodes, a first electrode and a third electrode are connected to a first grid line having first polarity, and a second electrode and a fourth electrode are connected to a second grid line having second polarity. The electrode contact structure comprises a plurality of contact areas and a plurality of electrode contact members; a first electrode contact member in a first contact area is adapted to be in contact with a first electrode so as to collect a first current signal; a second electrode contact member in a second contact area is adapted to be in contact with a second electrode so as to collect a second current signal; a third electrode contact member in a third contact area is adapted to be in contact with a third electrode, and a fourth electrode contact member in a fourth contact area is adapted to be in contact with a fourth electrode, so as to collect or apply a voltage signal. The electrode contact structure, the test apparatus, the test system, and the photovoltaic cell provided by the present application can improve the accuracy, reliability and convenience of cell test.

Description

Electrode contact structure, testing device, testing system and photovoltaic cell TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application mainly relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and particularly relates to an electrode contact structure, a testing device, a testing system and a photovoltaic cell. BACKGROUND

[0002] Back contact (BC) solar cell is a platform technology, which can be combined with many cell technologies to realize product optimization, such as being combined with PERC, TOPCon, HJT and other technologies to form P-IBC, TBC and HBC and other technology routes with higher efficiency. The maturity of BC technology will have a great impact on cell technology, and thus becomes a hot spot of industry research. The biggest feature of back contact (BC) cell is that all metal electrodes are located on the back surface of the cell, and the front surface is not blocked by metal electrodes, which improves the utilization of light, and thus has higher short-circuit current and conversion efficiency.

[0003] The positive and negative electrodes of the traditional bifacial electrode solar cell are respectively located on the two surfaces of the cell, and when testing the electrical performance, the front surface of the cell needs to be contacted, and the shading of the front surface of the cell is minimized. Since the front surface of the cell is contacted with the probe, and the back surface is contacted with the probe or the metal mesa, the cell is in force balance, and the testing is simple and convenient.

[0004] In comparison, the positive and negative electrodes of the back contact solar cell are all located on the back surface of the cell, and the back surface cannot use an integrated metal mesa. If the traditional spring probe contact test is used with reference to the bifacial electrode solar cell, many problems will be caused. First, the probes are all located on the back surface of the cell, the number of probes is large, and the pressure acting on the cell is large, which makes it difficult for the cell to be vacuum adsorbed. Moreover, the spring probe has a small downstroke, and the contact is not good, which leads to low fill factor and low cell efficiency of the test. Further, the electrical performance test of the large-scale production of back contact solar cells generally uses the front surface to install a high-transmittance cover plate or a pressure strip to balance the pressure of the back surface probe, but such a mode will introduce the cover plate or the pressure strip to the shading, absorption and reflection of the irradiation light, and thus cause the problems of inaccurate short-circuit current and other electrical performance parameters of the test. In addition, the number and position distribution of the voltage probes will have a great influence on the fill factor and the cell efficiency of the test. Generally, the voltage probe and the current probe are both in contact with the main grid of the cell, and the voltage probes are distributed between the current probes, but as the number of current probes increases and the distance between the probes becomes smaller, the space left for the voltage probes also becomes smaller, which makes it difficult to set the voltage probes at the theoretically ideal positions. Therefore, there is still a lack of a reliable and effective testing implementation mode for solar cells, especially for back contact cells.

[0005] SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an electrode contact structure, a testing device, a testing system and a photovoltaic cell, which can improve the accuracy, reliability and convenience of battery testing.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the present application provides an electrode contact structure for testing a photovoltaic cell, the first surface of the photovoltaic cell has a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a fourth electrode, wherein the first electrode and the third electrode are in conduction with a first grid line of a first polarity, the second electrode and the fourth electrode are in conduction with a second grid line of a second polarity, the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite polarities, the electrode contact structure includes a plurality of contact areas and a plurality of electrode contacts, the plurality of electrode contacts are respectively located in the plurality of contact areas, wherein the plurality of contact areas includes a plurality of first contact areas and a plurality of second contact areas extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a first electrode contact in the first contact area is adapted to contact the first electrode to collect a first current signal, and a second electrode contact in the second contact area is adapted to contact the second electrode to collect a second current signal; and at least one group of third contact areas and fourth contact areas, each of the third contact area and the fourth contact area extends along the first direction and is located in an area outside the first contact area and the second contact area, a third electrode contact in the third contact area is adapted to contact the third electrode, and a fourth electrode contact in the fourth contact area is adapted to contact the fourth electrode to collect or apply a voltage signal.

[0008] Optionally, the electrode contact includes a contact part adapted to contact the plurality of electrodes and an extension part connected with the contact part, wherein the contact part includes a conductive layer located at an outer layer and an elastic inner core located at an inner layer.

[0009] Optionally, the conductive layer includes a gold foil, a silver foil, a copper foil, an aluminum foil, or an alloy foil sheet composed of at least two metal elements of gold, silver, copper and aluminum; and / or the thickness of the conductive layer is 0.02mm-2mm; and / or the elastic inner core includes foam.

[0010] Optionally, the cross section of the contact part along a third direction includes a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a conical shape, a rectangular shape or a special shape, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.

[0011] Optionally, the distance between every two adjacent first contact areas along the second direction is D1, the distance between a third contact area located between the two adjacent first contact areas and the nearest adjacent first contact area along the second direction is d1, wherein 0.15D1≤d1≤0.5D1.

[0012] Optionally, a distance between each two adjacent second contact regions along the second direction is D2, and a distance between a fourth contact region located between the two adjacent second contact regions and a nearest-neighbor second contact region along the second direction is d2, wherein 0.15D2≤d2≤0.5D2.

[0013] Optionally, a length of each first contact region along the first direction is L1, a length of each second contact region along the first direction is L2, a length of each third contact region along the first direction is L3, and a length of each fourth contact region along the first direction is L4, wherein 0.01L1≤L3≤0.5L1 and 0.01L2≤L4≤0.5L2.

[0014] Another aspect of the present application further provides a testing device for a photovoltaic cell, comprising: an electrode contact structure according to any one of the embodiments of the present application; and a base comprising a housing and a cover plate, wherein the housing is adapted to accommodate the electrode contact structure, and the cover plate is provided with a plurality of contact region openings for exposing a plurality of contact regions in the electrode contact structure.

[0015] Optionally, the testing device further comprises a vacuum suction channel in the housing, and the cover plate is further provided with one or more suction openings in communication with the vacuum suction channel.

[0016] Optionally, the testing device further comprises a plurality of fixing members in the housing for carrying and fixing electrode contacts in the electrode contact structure.

[0017] Optionally, the electrode contacts of the electrode contact structure comprise contact portions and extension portions connected to the contact portions, and the fixing members comprise extension channels, and the extension portions are adapted to pass through the extension channels when the electrode contacts are loaded in the fixing members.

[0018] Optionally, the testing device further comprises a plurality of wires, and the extension portions are connected to the plurality of wires after passing through the extension channels.

[0019] Optionally, the plurality of fixing members are made of conductive materials, and the plurality of fixing members are spatially separated or insulated from each other by insulating members.

[0020] Optionally, the plurality of fixing members are fixed to the base, and an area of the plurality of fixing members in contact with the base is provided with an insulating material.

[0021] Another aspect of the present application further provides a testing system for a photovoltaic cell, comprising: a testing device according to any one of the embodiments of the present application; and a testing apparatus for a photovoltaic cell, the testing apparatus being used for performing performance testing of the photovoltaic cell.

[0022] Optionally, the test system further comprises a temperature detecting device and a temperature control system, wherein the temperature detecting device is configured to obtain an actual temperature signal of the photovoltaic cell and feed the temperature signal back to the test device and the temperature control system, and the temperature control system is adapted to adjust the test temperature of the photovoltaic cell according to a comparison result between the actual temperature signal and a preset temperature parameter.

[0023] Another aspect of the present application also provides a photovoltaic cell adapted to contact with an electrode contact structure for testing the photovoltaic cell, the electrode contact structure comprising a plurality of first contact areas and a plurality of second contact areas extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, at least one group of third contact areas and fourth contact areas, each of the third contact areas and the fourth contact areas extending along the first direction and located in an area outside the first contact areas and the second contact areas, the photovoltaic cell comprising: a plurality of first grid lines and a plurality of second grid lines extending along the second direction and spaced apart along the first direction on a first surface of the photovoltaic cell, wherein the first grid lines have a first polarity and the second grid lines have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes extending along the first direction and spaced apart along the second direction on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell; and a plurality of third electrodes and a plurality of fourth electrodes located in an area outside the first electrodes and the second electrodes on the first surface, wherein the first electrodes and the third electrodes are in conduction with the first grid lines, the second electrodes and the fourth electrodes are in conduction with the second grid lines; the first electrodes are adapted to contact with first electrode contact pieces in the first contact areas to transmit a first current signal, the second electrodes are adapted to contact with second electrode contact pieces in the second contact areas to transmit a second current signal, and the third electrodes are adapted to contact with third electrode contact pieces in the third contact areas and the fourth electrodes are adapted to contact with fourth electrode contact pieces in the fourth contact areas to transmit or receive a voltage signal.

[0024] Optionally, the first electrodes comprise third grid lines and the second electrodes comprise fourth grid lines, wherein the third grid lines intersect the plurality of first grid lines and are separated from the plurality of second grid lines or contact the plurality of second grid lines through an insulating material, and the fourth grid lines intersect the plurality of second grid lines and are separated from the plurality of first grid lines or contact the plurality of first grid lines through an insulating material.

[0025] Optionally, the first electrode comprises a plurality of first electrode conductive regions, and the second electrode comprises a plurality of second electrode conductive regions, wherein the first electrode conductive regions are located on a plurality of first local sections of the first gate lines, and the second electrode conductive regions are located on a plurality of second local sections of the second gate lines.

[0026] Optionally, the first electrode conductive regions and the second electrode conductive regions comprise a conductive material, and one or more sections of the conductive material are included in the first electrode conductive regions and the second electrode conductive regions, wherein when a plurality of sections of the conductive material are included in the first electrode conductive regions and the second electrode conductive regions, the first gate lines and / or the second gate lines are retained or removed between the plurality of sections of the conductive material.

[0027] Optionally, the third electrode comprises a fifth gate line, and the fourth electrode comprises a sixth gate line, wherein the fifth gate line intersects the plurality of first gate lines and is separated from the plurality of second gate lines or contacts the plurality of second gate lines through an insulating material, and the sixth gate line intersects the plurality of second gate lines and is separated from the plurality of first gate lines or contacts the plurality of first gate lines through an insulating material.

[0028] Optionally, the third electrode comprises at least one third electrode conductive region, and the fourth electrode comprises at least one fourth electrode conductive region, wherein the third electrode conductive region is located on at least one third local section of the first gate lines, and the fourth electrode conductive region is located on at least one fourth local section of the second gate lines.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: the application places all the contact regions on the back of the battery to be tested, so that the front of the battery is not blocked, and the short-circuit current of the test is more accurate; on this basis, the current contact region for collecting the current signal and the voltage contact region for collecting or applying the voltage signal are separated from each other in space, so that the voltage contact region is located at a more flexible and ideal test position, especially without the voltage test contacts inserted along the extension direction of the current contact region, thereby facilitating the collection or application of the voltage signal during actual testing, and since the voltage contact region has no current flowing through it, the problem of inaccurate test results caused by voltage drop due to current flow is improved. In addition, in some preferred embodiments, the electrode contact in the contact region is designed as a contact material covering the contact region with elasticity and a special cross-sectional shape, which has less pressure on the battery to be tested, so that the battery is more easily vacuum adsorbed, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0030] SUMMARY

[0031] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the application. In the drawings:

[0032] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrode contact structure for testing a photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the application;

[0033] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the electrode contact structure according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 loaded into a testing device for a photovoltaic cell;

[0034] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of the electrode contact structure according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 along a at a testing device for a photovoltaic cell;

[0035] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section of the electrode contact structure according to the embodiment of Fig. 1 along b at a testing device for a photovoltaic cell;

[0036] Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of variant embodiments of an electrode contact structure for testing a photovoltaic cell according to the embodiment of Fig. 1, respectively;

[0037] Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the application;

[0038] Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of the application;

[0039] Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a photovoltaic cell according to another embodiment of the application;

[0040] Figs. 13a, 13b, 13c and 13d are schematic diagrams of various embodiments of a first electrode conductive region and a second electrode conductive region of a photovoltaic cell according to the embodiment of Fig. 12; and

[0041] Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a testing system for a photovoltaic cell according to an embodiment of the application.

[0042] Preferred embodiments of the application

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, the application can also be applied to other similar scenarios without creative labor. Unless it is obvious from the language environment or otherwise stated, the same reference numbers in the drawings represent the same structure or operation.

[0044] As used in the description of the application and the claims that follow, "a," "an," "one," and / or "the" do not exclude plural referents unless modified by language expressly specifying the contrary. The mere use of the term "or" does not mean an exclusive "or" unless specifically stated. The phrase "consisting of, "consisting essentially of, and the like, as used herein, are defined to have the same meaning as the terms "comprising" and "including."

[0045] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a method of description. Unless otherwise stated, the range of values should be construed as having been preceded by the words "about" and "substantially." Unless otherwise indicated, the relative positions of the components and the relative sizes of the components illustrated in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. It is to be understood that the technology, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the scope of the present application. In the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely illustrative and not as a limitation. Other examples of the exemplary embodiments can have different values. It is noted that like numbers and letters on the figures identify like parts throughout the disclosure, and thus, once a part is defined in one figure, it is not necessary to discuss it further in connection with other figures.

[0046] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "back," "up," "down," "left," "right," "horizontal," "vertical," and "top," and "bottom," are generally based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. The orientation terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer sides relative to the outline of the components themselves.

[0047] For purposes of the description hereinafter, spatial or directional terms, such as "above", "below", "up", "down", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like, can be used where reference is made to the orientation of one device or element with respect to another device or element. It is to be understood that such terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device or element in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device or element is depicted as above another device or element, it is to be understood that the device or element can also be oriented below the other device or element. Likewise, if a device or element is depicted as left of another device or element, it is to be understood that the device or element can also be oriented right of the other device or element. Furthermore, the exemplary terms "upwardly", "downwardly", "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", "under", "over", "above", "below", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "medial", "proximal", "distal", "superior", "inferior", "above", "below", "front", "back", "upper", "lower", "clockwise", "counter-clockwise", "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth", "sixth", "seventh", "eighth", "ninth", and "tenth", encompass the relative positions of claimed devices or elements as well as the absolute positions of the devices or elements. Thus, a device or element can be described as upwardly oriented or downwardly oriented, even though the device or element is oriented in a different direction.

[0048] In addition, it is to be appreciated that the use of "first", "second", "third", etc. to describe various components is merely for convenience in describing the application and is in no way intended to limit the application to these components. Additionally, it is to be understood that the terms "including", "comprising", "consisting" and "substantially comprising" are to be construed as open-ended terms (meaning that the terms "including", "comprising", "consisting" and "substantially comprising" shall be construed to mean the term "including" when the use of the term "comprising" is intended, the term "consisting" is intended to mean the term "consisting" when the use of the term "consisting" is intended, and the term "substantially comprising" is intended to mean the term "consisting essentially of" when the use of the term "substantially comprising" is intended) unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0049] It will be understood that when a component is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another component, it can be directly on or connected to the other component or intervening components can be present. In contrast, when a component is referred to as being "directly on" or "directly connected to" another component, there are no intervening components present. Also, it will be understood that when a component is referred to as being "electrically contacted" or "electrically coupled to" another component, an electrical path allowing current flow is present between the first and second components. The electrical path can include capacitors, coupled inductors, and / or other components that allow current flow, even in the absence of direct contact between conductive components.

[0050] Referring to FIG. 1, an electrode contact structure 10 for testing a photovoltaic cell is provided. FIG. 1 shows a front view of the electrode contact structure 10. A first surface of the photovoltaic cell to be tested has a plurality of electrodes. For example, when the photovoltaic cell is a back contact cell, the first surface can also be understood as a back surface of the photovoltaic cell that is away from sunlight. The plurality of electrodes of the first surface includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode. The first electrode and the third electrode are in electrical connection with a first grid line of a first polarity, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode are in electrical connection with a second grid line of a second polarity. The first polarity and the second polarity are opposite polarities. For example, if the first surface of the photovoltaic cell has both an N-type polarity region of N-type doping and a P-type polarity region of P-type doping, the first grid line and the second grid line can be grid lines electrically connected to the N-type polarity region and the P-type polarity region, respectively, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode are also electrically connected to the N-type polarity region through the first grid line and to the P-type polarity region through the second grid line, or the first grid line and the second grid line can be grid lines electrically connected to the P-type polarity region and the N-type polarity region, respectively, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode are also electrically connected to the P-type polarity region through the first grid line and to the N-type polarity region through the second grid line.

[0051] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the electrode contact structure 10 includes a plurality of contact regions 100 and a plurality of electrode contacts 110 in the plurality of contact regions 100. Specifically, the plurality of electrode contacts 110 includes a first electrode contact 111 in a first contact region 101, a second electrode contact 112 in a second contact region 102, a third electrode contact 113 in a third contact region 103, and a fourth electrode contact 114 in a fourth contact region 104.

[0052] Referring to Fig. 1, the plurality of contact regions 100 comprises a plurality of first contact regions 101 and a plurality of second contact regions 102 extending along a first direction x and spaced apart along a second direction y perpendicular to the first direction x, the first electrode contacts 111 in the first contact regions 101 are adapted to contact the first electrodes to collect the first current signals, and the second electrode contacts 112 in the second contact regions 102 are adapted to contact the second electrodes to collect the second current signals. Further, in the present embodiment, the electrode contact structure 10 further comprises at least one set of third contact regions 103 and fourth contact regions 104 (only a case with two sets of third contact regions 103 and fourth contact regions 104 is schematically shown in Fig. 1). Each of the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 extends along the first direction x and is located in a region outside the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102, the third electrode contacts 113 in the third contact regions 103 are adapted to contact the third electrodes, and the fourth electrode contacts 114 in the fourth contact regions 104 are adapted to contact the fourth electrodes to collect or apply voltage signals. For example, if the third electrode contacts 113 are used to collect or apply positive potential signals and the fourth electrode contacts 114 are used to collect or apply negative potential signals, the third electrode contacts 113 of the third electrodes of the photovoltaic cells contacted thereby are electrically connected to the P-type polarity region through the first grid lines, and the fourth electrode contacts 114 of the fourth electrodes of the photovoltaic cells contacted thereby are electrically connected to the N-type polarity region through the second grid lines.

[0053] For better understanding of the electrode contact structure 10 shown in Fig. 1, a testing device 20 for a photovoltaic cell proposed by the present application is explained below with reference to Fig. 2. The testing device 20 comprises an electrode contact structure for testing a photovoltaic cell proposed by any of the embodiments of the present application and a base comprising a housing adapted to accommodate the electrode contact structure and a cover plate 21 having a plurality of contact area openings 200. With the electrode contact structure 10 shown in Fig. 1 as an example, the plurality of contact area openings 200 are used to expose the plurality of contact areas 100 in the electrode contact structure 10. In combination with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 can also be understood as a schematic view of the electrode contact structure 10 on the base plate 21. Further specifically, the plurality of contact area openings 200 shown in Fig. 2 comprises a first contact area opening 201, a second contact area opening 202, a third contact area opening 203 and a fourth contact area opening 204. In combination with reference to Fig. 1, the first contact area opening 201, the second contact area opening 202, the third contact area opening 203 and the fourth contact area opening 204 are respectively used to expose the first contact area 101 and the first electrode contact piece 111 therein, the second contact area 102 and the second electrode contact piece 112 therein, the third contact area 103 and the third electrode contact piece 113 therein, and the fourth contact area 104 and the fourth electrode contact piece 114 therein. When testing the performance of the photovoltaic cell, the plurality of electrode contact pieces 110 are used to contact the plurality of electrodes on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell to collect or apply current and voltage signals respectively.

[0054] In the present embodiment, preferably in combination with reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the housing of the testing device 20 further comprises a vacuum suction channel, and the cover plate 21 further comprises a plurality of suction openings 205 in communication with the vacuum suction channel. When the photovoltaic cell to be tested is located on the cover plate 21, it can be attached to the cover plate 21 by the plurality of suction openings 205 using a vacuum suction method.

[0055] Further reference is made to Figs. 3 and 4 for a detailed description of the plurality of electrode contact pieces 110 in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. Figs. 3 and 4 respectively show schematic cross-sectional views taken along a and b in Fig. 1. In the present embodiment, preferably, the electrode contact piece 110 comprises a contact portion 31 adapted to contact the plurality of electrodes of the photovoltaic cell to be tested and an extension portion 32 connected to the contact portion 31, wherein the contact portion 31 comprises a conductive layer 311 located on an outer layer and an elastic inner core 312 located on an inner layer. The conductive layer 311 is wrapped outside the elastic inner core 312, which can support the conductive layer 311 and deform when contacting the photovoltaic cell, so that the contact between the conductive layer 311 and the plurality of electrodes on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell is more intimate, while the contact area is increased and the contact resistance is reduced.

[0056] Exemplarily, the conductive layer 311 comprises a gold foil, a silver foil, a copper foil, an aluminum foil, or an alloy foil composed of at least two metal elements of gold, silver, copper, and aluminum; and / or the thickness of the conductive layer 311 is 0.02mm-2mm; and / or the elastic inner core 312 comprises a foam.

[0057] On the other hand, the cross section of the contact portion 31 along the third direction (i.e. the cross section as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) comprises a regular circle, an ellipse, a cone, a rectangle, or other irregular shapes. It can be understood that in combination with FIG. 1, the third direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction, or the third direction can be understood as a direction perpendicular to the cover plate 21. And in the embodiments of the present application, the cross section of the contact portion 31 along the third direction is preferably a regular circle. Specifically, as a preferred embodiment, when the contact portion 31 presents a trend that the cross section from the area in contact with the photovoltaic cell to the area away from the photovoltaic cell becomes larger, it can be considered that such a contact portion 31 has a small-to-large contact plane when in contact with the photovoltaic cell and exerts pressure, which can increase the contact area, better collect the electrical signal, and also adjust the contact plane size by adjusting the pressure size while ensuring the vacuum adsorption effect. Therefore, the above-mentioned plane can also be modified as a platform with a sharp end or a small size as an alternative to the circular or elliptical cross section.

[0058] Further referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the test device 20 further comprises a plurality of fixtures 33 in the housing, and the plurality of fixtures 33 are used to carry and fix the electrode contact piece 11 in the electrode contact structure 10. On this basis, preferably, according to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the fixture 33 comprises an extension channel 330, and when the electrode contact piece 11 is loaded in the fixture 33, the extension portion 32 is adapted to pass through the extension channel 330.

[0059] On the other hand, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 also show a plurality of wires W1, W2, W3 and W4, and the extension 32 is connected with the plurality of wires W1-W4 after passing through the extension channel 330. Among them, Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram in which the first electrode contact 111, the second electrode contact 112 and the third electrode contact 113 are respectively connected with the wires W1, W2, W3 due to the different intercepting positions a and b; while Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram in which the first electrode contact 111, the second electrode contact 112 and the fourth electrode contact 114 are respectively connected with the wires W1, W2, W4. As described above, the first electrode contact 111 in the first contact area 101 is adapted to contact with the first electrode to collect the first current signal, and the second electrode contact 112 in the second contact area 102 is adapted to contact with the second electrode to collect the second current signal, and since the first electrode and the second electrode are respectively connected with the first grid line and the second grid line on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell with opposite polarities, it can be considered that the current from the first grid line and the second grid line is finally led out through the wires W1 and W2. On the other hand, if the third electrode contact 113 is considered to be used to collect or apply a positive potential signal, and the fourth electrode contact 114 is considered to be used to collect or apply a negative potential signal, then the third electrode of the photovoltaic cell corresponding to the contact of the third electrode contact 113 is electrically connected to the P-type polarity area through the first grid line, and the fourth electrode of the photovoltaic cell corresponding to the contact of the fourth electrode contact 114 is electrically connected to the N-type polarity area through the second grid line, at this time the positive potential signal and the negative potential signal are respectively led out or led in through the wires W3 and W4.

[0060] For example, in some further specific embodiments of the present application, the plurality of fixing members 33 can be made of insulating materials, so that no matter whether they are in contact with each other or isolated from each other, short circuit can be avoided inside the housing of the testing device. Even so, in some other embodiments, preferably, in order to ensure better electrical conductivity, the plurality of fixing members 33 can be made of conductive materials, but at the same time, the plurality of fixing members 33 are separated from each other in space or insulated from each other by the insulating member 34. For example, as shown in Fig. 3, the third electrode contact 113 and the second electrode contact 112 are separated from each other in space, while the first electrode contact 111 and the third electrode contact 113 are insulated from each other by the insulating member 34, so that the current or voltage information collected by the plurality of electrode contacts 110 can be better transmitted to the outside of the testing device without short circuit. For example, the insulating member 34 can be embodied in the form of insulating tape and the like.

[0061] Further specifically, the plurality of fixing members 33 can be fixed on the base of the testing device 20 or separated from the base, which is not limited in the present application. Preferably, in order to improve the stability of the testing, the plurality of fixing members can be fixed with the base, for example, fixed on the cover plate or other positions of the housing. In such a case, if the plurality of fixing members 33 are made of conductive material, the plurality of fixing members 33 are fixed on the base, and the area of the plurality of fixing members 33 contacting the base is provided with insulating material.

[0062] With continuous reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, preferably, the plurality of contact regions 100 have a set spacing relationship, so as to better meet the testing requirements of the photovoltaic cell. Referring to FIG. 1, the distance between each two adjacent first contact regions 101 along the second direction y is D1, and the distance between the third contact region 103 located between the two adjacent first contact regions 101 and the nearest first contact region 101 along the second direction y is d1, wherein 0.15D1≤d1≤0.5D1, preferably 0.2D1≤d1≤0.5D1.

[0063] Further preferably, the distance between each two adjacent second contact regions 102 along the second direction y is D2, and the distance between the fourth contact region 104 located between the two adjacent second contact regions 102 and the nearest second contact region 102 along the second direction y is d2, wherein 0.15D2≤d2≤0.5D2, preferably 0.2D2≤d2≤0.5D2.

[0064] On the other hand, if the length of each first contact region 101 along the first direction x is defined as L1, the length of each second contact region 102 along the first direction x is defined as L2, the length of each third contact region 103 along the first direction x is defined as L3, and the length of each fourth contact region 104 along the first direction x is defined as L4. In the present embodiment, preferably, the above length parameters satisfy the following conditions: 0.01L1≤L3≤0.5L1, and 0.01L2≤L4≤0.5L2. After limiting the length of the third contact region 103 and the fourth contact region 104 as above, the voltage testing is less affected by the unevenness of the service life of the photovoltaic cell, and the accuracy and stability of the fill factor and conversion efficiency testing of the photovoltaic cell are improved.

[0065] On the basis of the above-mentioned preferably defined ranges of the size parameters, the application schematically presents some variants based on the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 with reference to Figs. 5-9. In the case of these variants, the spacing between the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102 along the second direction y can be non-uniform, but the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102 are uniformly arranged along the second direction y; in addition, the specific positions of the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 in the entire electrode contact structure can be changed and adjusted, and can be dispersed on the upper and lower halves of the cover plate 21 or concentrated in the middle of the cover plate 21 relative to the cover plate 21; in addition, the group number of the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 can be less than or equal to the group number of the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102. The variants shown in Figs. 5-9 are described below. In these figures, only the positions and numbers of the plurality of contact regions 100 are changed compared with the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, and therefore the same reference numerals are used for the same parts for the sake of easy understanding.

[0066] Firstly, referring to FIG. 5, compared with FIG. 1, the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102 are not arranged at equal intervals in the second direction y, but are arranged in the form that every two adjacent first contact regions 101 and second contact regions 102 have a closer interval to form a group. On this basis, the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 are respectively distributed in the upper and lower half regions of the cover plate 21 (the dashed line a can be regarded as the upper half region of the cover plate 21, and the dashed line b can be regarded as the lower half region of the cover plate 21), and appear in pairs between every group of first contact regions 101 and second contact regions 102. It can be seen in this embodiment that the plurality of adsorption openings 205 on the cover plate 21 are also not uniformly distributed as shown in FIG. 1, but are distributed in the area avoiding the plurality of contact regions 100. On this basis, in the plurality of drawings of the present application, the plurality of adsorption openings 205 on the cover plate 21 are all shown in a hole structure, but in some other variant embodiments of the present application, the hole structure can be further replaced by a strip-shaped or other shaped adsorption opening, which is not limited in the present application. Further, FIG. 6 shows a variant based on FIG. 5, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the plurality of third contact regions 103 and the plurality of fourth contact regions 104 do not only appear between every group of first contact regions 101 and second contact regions 102, but also the third contact region 103 and the fourth contact region 104 are respectively arranged on the left side of the leftmost first contact region 101 and on the right side of the rightmost second contact region 102. In the drawings including FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 and other drawings, since the third contact region 103 is used to contact the third electrode of the photovoltaic cell, and the third electrode and the first electrode are both conductive with the first grid line having a first polarity, therefore in the drawings, the third contact region 103 and the first contact region 101 are covered by the same shadowed undercoat; similarly, the fourth contact region 104 and the second contact region 102 are also covered by the same shadowed undercoat.

[0067] Further, FIGS. 7-9 respectively show embodiments in which the plurality of third contact regions 103 and the plurality of fourth contact regions 104 are respectively located in the central region of the cover plate 21. Among them, FIG. 7 shows that every group of third contact regions 103 and fourth contact regions 104 appears in pairs between two adjacent groups of first contact regions 101 and second contact regions 102; FIG. 8 shows that the third contact region 103 and the fourth contact region 104 are respectively arranged on the two sides of every group of first contact regions 101 and second contact regions 102; and in addition, FIG. 9, compared with FIG. 8, shows that only part of the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102 have the third contact region 103 and the fourth contact region 104 on the two sides.

[0068] It can be known from the above-mentioned various modified embodiments shown in Figs. 5-9 that the present application does not limit the number and position of the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104, nor does it limit whether the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102 are uniformly spaced along the second direction y. However, considering the stability and reliability of photovoltaic cell testing, preferably, the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 can be dispersedly distributed in the upper and lower halves of the overall electrode structure; in addition, the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 appear in pairs, and if the adjacent first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102 are considered as the same group, the number of groups of the third contact regions 103 and the fourth contact regions 104 is less than or equal to the number of groups of the first contact regions 101 and the second contact regions 102.

[0069] Further, the present application also proposes a photovoltaic cell 40 with reference to Figs. 10 and 11. The photovoltaic cell 40 is suitable for contacting the electrode contact structure of any embodiment of the present application. Figs. 10 and 11 both show the first surface of the photovoltaic cell 40; and Figs. 10 and 11 only differ in the specific implementation of the third electrode and the fourth electrode, so the same components are given the same reference numerals.

[0070] Firstly, with reference to Fig. 10, the photovoltaic cell 40 includes a plurality of first grid lines 41 and a plurality of second grid lines 42, which extend along the second direction y and are spaced apart along the first direction x perpendicular to the second direction y on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell 40. Specifically, the first grid lines 41 have a first polarity, and the second grid lines 42 have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. For example, if the first grid lines 41 are grid lines electrically connected to N-type polarity regions, then the second grid lines 42 are grid lines electrically connected to P-type polarity regions; or if the first grid lines 41 are grid lines electrically connected to P-type polarity regions, then the second grid lines 42 are grid lines electrically connected to N-type polarity regions.

[0071] With continued reference to Fig. 10, the photovoltaic cell 40 further comprises a plurality of first electrodes 401 and a plurality of second electrodes 402, which extend along the first direction x and are spaced apart along the second direction y on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell 40. On this basis, the photovoltaic cell 40 further comprises a plurality of third electrodes 403 and a plurality of fourth electrodes 404, which are located on the first surface in regions outside the first electrodes 401 and the second electrodes 402. The first electrodes 401 and the third electrodes 403 are in electrical contact with the first grid lines 41, and the second electrodes 402 and the fourth electrodes 404 are in electrical contact with the second grid lines 42. In combination with the electrode contact structure 10 shown in Fig. 1, for example, the first electrodes 401 are adapted to be in contact with the first electrode contacts 111 in the first contact regions 101 of the electrode contact structure 10 to transmit the first current signal, the second electrodes 402 are adapted to be in contact with the second electrode contacts 112 in the second contact regions 102 of the electrode contact structure 10 to transmit the second current signal, and in addition the third electrodes 403 are adapted to be in contact with the third electrode contacts 113 in the third contact regions 103 of the electrode contact structure 10 and the fourth electrodes 404 are adapted to be in contact with the fourth electrode contacts 114 in the fourth contact regions 104 of the electrode contact structure 10 to transmit or receive the voltage signal.

[0072] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10, the first electrodes 401 comprise the third grid lines 43, and the second electrodes 402 comprise the fourth grid lines 44. In this embodiment, the third grid lines 43 intersect the plurality of first grid lines 41 and are in contact with the plurality of second grid lines 42 via the insulating material 47, and the fourth grid lines 44 intersect the plurality of second grid lines 42 and are in contact with the plurality of first grid lines 41 via the insulating material 47. However, the application is not limited in this respect, and for example in some other embodiments, the insulating material 47 can not be provided; the third grid lines 43 and the second grid lines 42, and the fourth grid lines 44 and the first grid lines 41, are spaced apart from each other in space, so that the first electrodes 401 are in electrical contact only with the first grid lines 41 and the second electrodes 402 are in electrical contact only with the second grid lines 42. Fig. 11 shows the same example for the formation of the first electrodes 401 and the second electrodes 402. It can be seen from the above description in combination with Figs. 10 and 11 that in such embodiments, the first electrodes 401 and the second electrodes 402 are implemented as grid line electrodes; in some cases, if the first grid lines 41 and the second grid lines 42 are regarded as fine grid lines of the photovoltaic cell 40, the third grid lines 43 and the fourth grid lines 44 can be understood as main grid lines which are in electrical contact with the first grid lines 41 and the second grid lines 42, respectively.

[0073] However, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. In some other embodiments of the present application, the first electrode and the second electrode on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell can also be formed by other means other than the main grid lines. For example, FIG. 12 shows that in such embodiments, the first electrode 401 includes a plurality of first electrode conductive regions 431, and the second electrode 402 includes a plurality of second electrode conductive regions 441, wherein the first electrode conductive regions 431 are located on the plurality of first partial segments of the first grid lines 41, and the second electrode conductive regions 432 are located on the plurality of second partial segments of the second grid lines 42. This means that after removing the main grid line design, for the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402, the first electrode conductive regions 431 and the second electrode conductive regions 441 are respectively arranged on the segments of the first grid lines 41 and the second grid lines 42 that need to be conductively contacted, and then the plurality of first electrode conductive regions 431 along the first direction x collectively form the first electrode 401, and the plurality of second electrode conductive regions 441 along the first direction x collectively form the second electrode 402. In addition, it should be noted that the specific implementation of the first electrode conductive regions 431 and the second electrode conductive regions 441 described above can be, for example, coating a conductive material to form a structure such as a solder joint, so as to realize the preparation of the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 for the main grid-free cell. On this basis, similar to the above-mentioned manner, the isolation between the first electrode 401 and the second grid lines 42, and the isolation between the second electrode 402 and the first grid lines 41 can be achieved by spatially separating or applying an insulating material. More specifically, in order to realize the matching of the photovoltaic cell and the electrode contact structure of any embodiment of the present application, if the insulating material is applied to realize the isolation, when the first electrode conductive regions 431 and the second electrode conductive regions 441 are prepared, for example, by coating a conductive material, the height of the coated conductive material protruding from the first surface of the photovoltaic cell 40 needs to be greater than or equal to the height of the insulating material protruding from the first surface, so as to ensure that the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402 further stably contact the first electrode contact 111 of the first contact region 101 and the second electrode contact 112 of the second contact region 102 in the electrode contact structure.

[0074] Further preferably, FIGS. 13a-13b provide various implementations of the first electrode conductive region 431 and the second electrode conductive region 441 based on FIG. 12. In the present embodiment, as previously described, the first electrode conductive region 431 and the second electrode conductive region 441 can be implemented in a manner that the conductive material is coated to form a solder joint. Referring to FIGS. 13a-13d, FIGS. 13a and 13d show a case where the conductive material (solder joint) in the first electrode conductive region 431 or the second electrode conductive region 441 is a segment, and can have different shapes, such as the tapered structure with narrow ends and a wide middle shown in FIG. 13a, or the rectangular structure shown in FIG. 13d. In addition, at least two segments of conductive material (solder joint) can be included in the first electrode conductive region 431 or the second electrode conductive region 441, in which case FIG. 13b shows a case where the first gate line 41 is retained between the two segments of conductive material of the first electrode conductive region 431 (if the second electrode conductive region 441, the second gate line 42 is retained), and FIG. 13c shows a case where the first gate line 41 is removed between the two segments of conductive material of the first electrode conductive region 431 (if the second electrode conductive region 441, the second gate line 42 is removed). In addition, FIG. 12 only shows a case where the conductive material (solder joint) is provided in each of the first gate line 41 and the second gate line 42, but in other embodiments, the conductive material can be provided in some of the first gate line 41 / second gate line 42 at intervals. In actual applications, different implementations of the conductive material can be adjusted according to the actual situation and specific needs of the battery, which are not limited in the present application.

[0075] On the other hand, FIGS. 10 and 11 respectively show two different formation modes of the third electrode and the fourth electrode. Referring first to FIG. 10, the third electrode 403 includes a fifth gate line 451, and the fourth electrode 404 includes a sixth gate line 461, wherein the fifth gate line 451 intersects the plurality of first gate lines 41 to contact the plurality of second gate lines 42 through the insulating material 47, and the sixth gate line 461 intersects the plurality of second gate lines 42 to contact the plurality of first gate lines 41 through the insulating material 47. Similar to the previous description, in some other embodiments, the insulating material 47 can also not be provided; the fifth gate line 451 and the second gate line 42, and the sixth gate line 461 and the first gate line 41 are spatially separated from each other, so that the third electrode 403 is only conductive with the first gate line 41, and the fourth electrode 404 is only conductive with the second gate line 42.

[0076] Further, Fig. 11 shows that the third electrode 403 includes two third electrode conductive regions 452, and the fourth electrode 404 includes two fourth electrode conductive regions 462. Among them, the third electrode conductive region 452 is located on at least one third local section of the first gate line 41, and the fourth electrode conductive region 452 is located on at least one fourth local section of the second gate line 42. According to Fig. 11, the third electrode 403 and the fourth electrode 404 are implemented in a way that the third electrode conductive region 452 and the fourth electrode conductive region 462 are locally formed. It can be understood that in such an embodiment, the present application does not limit the number of the third electrode conductive region 452 and the fourth electrode conductive region 462 contained in the same third electrode 403 and the same fourth electrode 404; although the above number is 2 in Fig. 11, in some other embodiments, the number can be adjusted to 1 or more. In the present embodiment, taking the third electrode 403 as an example, since the number of the third electrode conductive region 452 in the same third electrode 403 is greater than 1, there is also a second gate line 42 between the two third electrode conductive regions 452; similarly, in order to make the third electrode 403 only conductive with the first gate line 41, the section of the third electrode 403 with the second gate line 42 needs to be applied with the insulating material 47. In this way, when the third electrode 403 in Fig. 11 contacts the third electrode contact in the corresponding electrode contact structure, the third electrode contact is only electrically connected and conducted through the two third electrode conductive regions 452 in the third electrode 403. When the number of the third electrode conductive region contained in the third electrode 403 is more, the area to be coated with the insulating material 47 will also increase accordingly, so as to ensure that the third electrode 403 is only conductive with the first gate line 41.

[0077] Another aspect of the present application also proposes a test system 60 for a photovoltaic cell, which comprises a test device for a photovoltaic cell according to any embodiment of the present application, for example, the test device 20 described above with reference to Fig. 2; and a test equipment 62 for a photovoltaic cell, which is used to perform performance testing of the photovoltaic cell.

[0078] Further preferably, the test system 60 can further comprise a temperature detection device and a temperature control system, wherein the temperature detection device is used to obtain an actual temperature signal of the photovoltaic cell and feed back the temperature signal to the test equipment 62 and the temperature control system, and the temperature control system is adapted to adjust the test temperature of the photovoltaic cell according to the comparison result between the actual temperature signal and a preset temperature parameter, so as to further improve the stability and accuracy of the performance testing of the photovoltaic cell.

[0079] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above disclosure is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.

[0080] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.

[0081] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments, the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of the present application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.

[0082] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of scope in some embodiments of this application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values ​​are set as precisely as feasible.

[0083] Although this application has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application, and various equivalent changes or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, any changes or modifications to the above embodiments within the essential spirit of this application will fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An electrode contact structure for testing photovoltaic cells, wherein a first surface of the photovoltaic cell has a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes including a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode, wherein, The first electrode and the third electrode are connected to a first gate line of a first polarity, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to a second gate line of a second polarity. The first polarity and the second polarity are opposite. The electrode contact structure includes multiple contact areas and multiple electrode contacts, each located within one of the multiple contact areas. The multiple contact areas include: A plurality of first contact areas and a plurality of second contact areas extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein a first electrode contact in the first contact area is adapted to contact the first electrode to collect a first current signal, and a second electrode contact in the second contact area is adapted to contact the second electrode to collect a second current signal; and At least one set of third contact area and fourth contact area, each of the third contact area and the fourth contact area extending along the first direction and located outside the first contact area and the second contact area, wherein a third electrode contact in the third contact area is adapted to contact a third electrode and a fourth electrode contact in the fourth contact area is adapted to contact a fourth electrode to collect or apply a voltage signal.

2. The electrode contact structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode contact includes a contact portion adapted to contact the plurality of electrodes and an extension portion connected to the contact portion, wherein the contact portion includes a conductive layer located on the outer layer and an elastic inner core located on the inner layer.

3. The electrode contact structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The conductive layer includes gold foil, silver foil, copper foil, aluminum foil, or an alloy foil composed of at least two metallic elements selected from gold, silver, copper, and aluminum; and / or The thickness of the conductive layer is 0.02mm-2mm; and / or The elastic inner core includes foam.

4. The electrode contact structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The cross-section of the contact portion along a third direction includes a circle, an ellipse, a cone, a rectangle, or an irregular shape, wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.

5. The electrode contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The distance between any two adjacent first contact areas along the second direction is D1, and the distance between the third contact area located between any two adjacent first contact areas and the nearest neighboring first contact area along the second direction is d1, wherein 0.15D1≤d1≤0.5D1.

6. The electrode contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The distance between any two adjacent second contact areas along the second direction is D2, and the distance between the fourth contact area located between two adjacent second contact areas and the nearest neighboring second contact area along the second direction is d2, where 0.15D2≤d2≤0.5D2.

7. The electrode contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The length of each first contact area along the first direction is L1, the length of each second contact area along the first direction is L2, the length of each third contact area along the first direction is L3, and the length of each fourth contact area along the first direction is L4, wherein 0.01L1≤L3≤0.5L1 and 0.01L2≤L4≤0.5L2.

8. A testing device for photovoltaic cells, characterized in that, include: The electrode contact structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; as well as The base includes a housing and a cover plate, wherein the housing is adapted to accommodate the electrode contact structure, and the cover plate has multiple contact area openings for exposing multiple contact areas in the electrode contact structure.

9. The testing apparatus as described in claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a vacuum adsorption channel located in the housing, and the cover plate is provided with one or more adsorption openings, which are connected to the vacuum adsorption channel.

10. The testing apparatus as described in claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a plurality of fasteners located in the housing, the plurality of fasteners being used to support and secure the electrode contacts in the electrode contact structure.

11. The testing apparatus as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The electrode contact member of the electrode contact structure includes a contact portion and an extension portion connected to the contact portion. The fixing member includes an extension channel, and when the electrode contact member is mounted in the fixing member, the extension portion is adapted to pass through the extension channel.

12. The testing apparatus as described in claim 11, characterized in that, It also includes multiple wires, and the extension is connected to the multiple wires after passing through the extension channel.

13. The testing apparatus as described in claim 10, characterized in that, The plurality of fasteners are made of conductive materials, and the plurality of fasteners are spatially separated or insulated from each other by insulating components.

14. The testing apparatus as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The plurality of fasteners are fixed to the base, and the areas of the plurality of fasteners in contact with the base are provided with insulating material.

15. A testing system suitable for photovoltaic cells, characterized in that, include: The testing apparatus as described in any one of claims 8 to 14; as well as A testing device for photovoltaic cells, the testing device being used to perform performance tests on the photovoltaic cells.

16. The testing system as described in claim 15, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature detection device and a temperature control system. The temperature detection device is used to acquire the actual temperature signal of the photovoltaic cell and feed the temperature signal back to the test equipment and the temperature control system. The temperature control system is adapted to adjust the test temperature of the photovoltaic cell based on the comparison result between the actual temperature signal and the preset temperature parameter.

17. A photovoltaic cell, characterized in that, The photovoltaic cell is adapted to contact an electrode contact structure used for testing the photovoltaic cell. The electrode contact structure includes a plurality of first contact areas and a plurality of second contact areas extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and at least one set of third contact areas and a fourth contact area. Each of the third and fourth contact areas extends along the first direction and is located outside the first and second contact areas. The photovoltaic cell includes: A plurality of first grid lines and a plurality of second grid lines extend along the second direction on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell and are spaced apart along the first direction, wherein the first grid lines have a first polarity and the second grid lines have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; A plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes extend along the first direction and are spaced apart along the second direction on the first surface of the photovoltaic cell; and Multiple third electrodes and multiple fourth electrodes are located on the first surface in the region outside the first and second electrodes. Wherein, the first electrode and the third electrode are connected to the first gate line, and the second electrode and the fourth electrode are connected to the second gate line; The first electrode is adapted to contact the first electrode contact in the first contact area to transmit a first current signal, the second electrode is adapted to contact the second electrode contact in the second contact area to transmit a second current signal, and the third electrode is adapted to contact the third electrode contact in the third contact area and the fourth electrode is adapted to contact the fourth electrode contact in the fourth contact area to transmit or receive a voltage signal.

18. The photovoltaic cell as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The first electrode includes a third gate line, and the second electrode includes a fourth gate line, wherein the third gate line intersects with the plurality of first gate lines and is separated from or in contact with the plurality of second gate lines through an insulating material, and the fourth gate line intersects with the plurality of second gate lines and is separated from or in contact with the plurality of first gate lines through an insulating material.

19. The photovoltaic cell as described in claim 17, characterized in that, The first electrode includes a plurality of first electrode conductive regions, and the second electrode includes a plurality of second electrode conductive regions, wherein the first electrode conductive regions are located on a plurality of first local segments of the first gate line, and the second electrode conductive regions are located on a plurality of second local segments of the second gate line.

20. The photovoltaic cell as described in claim 19, characterized in that, The first electrode conductive region and the second electrode conductive region include conductive materials, and the first electrode conductive region and the second electrode conductive region include one or more segments of the conductive material. When the first electrode conductive region and the second electrode conductive region include multiple segments of the conductive material, the first gate line and / or the second gate line are retained or removed between the multiple segments of the conductive material.

21. The photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, The third electrode includes a fifth gate line, and the fourth electrode includes a sixth gate line, wherein the fifth gate line intersects with the plurality of first gate lines and is separated from or in contact with the plurality of second gate lines through an insulating material, and the sixth gate line intersects with the plurality of second gate lines and is separated from or in contact with the plurality of first gate lines through an insulating material.

22. The photovoltaic cell according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that, The third electrode includes at least one third electrode conductive region, and the fourth electrode includes at least one fourth electrode conductive region, wherein the third electrode conductive region is located on at least one third local segment of the first gate line, and the fourth electrode conductive region is located on at least one fourth local segment of the second gate line.

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