Method, apparatus, and system for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user
IoT devices request UE assistance for network registration, exchanging necessary parameters to facilitate registration and connectivity, addressing the challenge of accessing networks without prior subscription, thereby enhancing network performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/118373
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-24
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Low-cost IoT devices without prior network subscription face challenges in accessing and registering with mobile networks for services like D-Apps, necessitating a method to facilitate network registration and connectivity.
An ED sends a network registration assistance request to a UE, obtaining a response indicating whether the UE can assist in the registration process, and subsequently exchanges necessary parameters for network registration, including ED identifiers, SIM types, and network information, enabling registration without prior subscription.
Enables IoT devices to register with networks and access services efficiently, improving overall network performance by allowing registration and connectivity through UE assistance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024118373_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR MANAGING AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE (ED) ASSOCIATED WITH A USER
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims priority to US provisional patent application No. 63 / 663,343, filed on June 24, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of wireless communications technologies and, in particular, to method, apparatus, and system for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user.BACKGROUND
[0004] In some scenarios, an ED without prior subscription with a network may need to access the network. For example, some low-cost internet of things (IoT) devices may not have a physical SIM card and prior subscription with a mobile network (MN) . The low cost IoT devices may belong to a home network, such as door and window monitoring, household device monitoring, security cameras, temperature monitoring, air conditioning control, and lighting control. The low cost IoT devices may belong to industrial applications such as warehouse automation, factory automation, farming automation, and city infrastructure management. A solution is desired to register such devices with the network so that the devices can access the network, use network services, and access applications and services outside the mobile networks.
[0005] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0006] This present disclosure provides method, apparatus, and system for managing an ED associated with a user.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0008] sending an ED network registration assistance request to a user equipment (UE) , where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network; and
[0009] obtaining an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0010] This solution can be performed by an ED. By sending the ED network registration assistance request to the UE, the ED can request the UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a digital application (D-App) even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through the ED network registration assistance response obtained from the UE, the ED can know a result of the ED network registration assistance request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In this way, the ED can request the UE to provide network registration assistance and obtain from the UE some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0011] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ED network registration assistance request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0012] an ED identifier (ID) ;
[0013] an indication that requests the UE to provide necessary information to register in a mobile network; and
[0014] a subscriber identity module (SIM) type of ED.
[0015] Through the parameters included in the ED network registration assistance request, the ED can enable the UE to get information required for assisting the ED in the network registration, such as which ED sends the request, what operation is requested, which SIM type the ED has. And based on the information, the UE can perform further operations to communicate with the network to get information required for the network registration of the ED thereby facilitating the registration of the ED with the network.
[0016] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0017] an indication to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network;
[0018] an ED registration certificate for the ED;
[0019] a register time window; and
[0020] network registration information.
[0021] Under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED network registration assistance response may include the indication to inform the ED that the UE is allowed to assist the ED in network registration. The ED network registration assistance response may include some information required for the ED to perform network registration, such as the ED registration certificate for the ED, the register time window for the ED registration certificate, and network registration information. The ED registration certificate is used for the ED to register with the network. When the ED network registration assistance response includes both the ED registration certificate for the ED and the register time window, the ED registration certificate is valid within the register time window. The network registration information is for the ED to perform registration. The network registration information may be used by the ED to search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a connection with the AN, wherein the security parameters in the network registration information such as SIM software profile may be used for establishing a secured connection between the ED and AN.In this way, the ED can know from the response that the UE is allowed to provide network registration assistance for the ED and can get the required information for registering with the network.
[0022] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the network registration information includes one or more of following parameters:
[0023] a network assigned ED ID;
[0024] a network assigned UE ID;
[0025] a mobile network ID;
[0026] security parameters;
[0027] a data network name (DNN) ;
[0028] network slice information;
[0029] an ED limited registration area; and
[0030] network policies.
[0031] The parameters included in the network registration information can support the ED to perform registration. For example, the mobile network ID and the security parameters may be used by the ED to establish a connection with the AN. The network assigned ED ID and the network assigned UE ID may be used for verification on the ED with the UE during network registration. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED can access to use network service (s) , such as digital user (D-User) , digital extended reality (D-XR) , or other digital world (DW) services, artificial intelligence (AI) services. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. If the ED moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED may be blocked from accessing the network. Therefore, the ED can be supported to perform registration based on the network registration information.
[0032] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0033] an indication to indicate that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network; and
[0034] a cause for indicating a reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0035] Under the circumstance that the UE cannot be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED network registration assistance response may include the indication to inform the ED that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. The ED network registration assistance response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist the ED in the registration of the ED with the network. In this way, the ED can know the registration of the ED with the network has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0036] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, a connection between the ED and the AN is established, and the method further includes:
[0037] sending an ED network registration request to a connection management function (CMF) via an access network (AN) , where the ED network registration request is used for registering with the network; and
[0038] obtaining an ED network registration response from the CMF via the AN, where the ED network registration response is used for indicating whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0039] Under the circumstance that the connection between the ED and the AN has been established, by sending the ED network registration request to the CMF, the UE can request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED network registration response obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the ED network registration request, in other words, the result about whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0040] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ED network registration request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0041] an ED registration certificate;
[0042] a network assigned ED ID;
[0043] an assisting UE ID;
[0044] a registration type;
[0045] a DNN;
[0046] single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) ;
[0047] network slice information (NSI) ;
[0048] an ED ID; and
[0049] an ED radio capability.
[0050] By including one or more of the above parameters into the ED network registration request, the ED can inform the network which ED desires to require which type of registration, which UE assists in the registration of the ED with the network and other parameters that can be used in network registration. And the ED can especially inform the network that the ED may still be registered with the network without prior subscription based on an ED registration certificate.
[0051] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the registering with the network has been accepted, and the ED network registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0052] an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been accepted;
[0053] ED network policies;
[0054] a CMF-generated unique ED ID;
[0055] an ED limited registration area;
[0056] allowed network slice information;
[0057] an allowed DNN;
[0058] a DNS address; and
[0059] a list of application server addresses.
[0060] Under the circumstance that the registering with the network has been accepted, the ED network registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the registering with the network has been accepted. The ED network registration response may include some parameters that may be used for accessing the network and using network services. For example, The ED network policies may be one or more policies for the ED to access the allowed services of the network. The CMF-generated unique ED ID may be used to uniquely identify the ED. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. The DNS address may be used to discover the address of application server. The list of application server address may be used to map application ID, service ID, and network address to access corresponding application or service. In this way, the ED can know the registering with the network has been accepted and use the specific parameters in the ED network registration response to access network and use subscribed services, such as D-User, D-XR as a normal ED.
[0061] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the registering with the network has been rejected, and the ED network registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0062] an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been rejected; and
[0063] a cause for indicating a reason why the registering with the network has been rejected.
[0064] Under the circumstance that the registering with the network has been rejected, the ED network registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the registering with the network has been rejected. The ED network registration response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the registering with the network has been rejected. In this way, the ED can know the registering with the network has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the registering with the network has been rejected, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0065] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, where the method further includes:
[0066] sending an ED registration request to a CMF via an AN, where the ED registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a D-App; and
[0067] obtaining an ED registration response from the CMF via the AN, where the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected.
[0068] Under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by sending the ED registration request to the CMF, the ED can request to register with the network and interact with the D-App. Through the ED registration response obtained from the CMF, the ED can know a result of the ED registration request, in other words, the result about whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can request to register with the network and interact with a D-App such as joining a particular D-App operation and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0069] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ED registration request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0070] a UE ID of the assisting UE;
[0071] one or more of ID and address of D-App that the ED is associated with;
[0072] ED identification credentials for UE;
[0073] identification credentials for D-App;
[0074] a registration type;
[0075] a DNN;
[0076] S-NSSAI;
[0077] NSI;
[0078] a network-ED ID;
[0079] an ED radio capability; and
[0080] an ED registration certificate.
[0081] Through the parameters included in the ED registration request, the ED can enable the network to get information that may be required for network registration and D-App registration of the ED. For example, the UE ID of the assisting UE, the ID and / or address of D-App that the ED is associated with, the ED identification credentials for UE and the identification credentials for D-App may be used for verification during registration. The registration type indicates which type of registration the ED desires to request, and in this implementation, the service type may, for example, indicate that the network requires to obtain the D-App and / or UE authorization for registration and this connection is limited only to D-App related operations. Especially, the ED registration certificate indicates to the network that the ED may still be registered with the network and interacted with the D-App without prior subscription.
[0082] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the method further includes:
[0083] sending a connection to D-App request to a CMF via an AN, where the connection to D-App request is used for requesting a connection to the D-App by providing one or more parameters in the ED registration response; and
[0084] obtaining a connection to D-App response from the CMF via the AN, where the connection to D-App response is used for indicating whether the connection to D-App request has been accepted or rejected.
[0085] Under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, by sending the connection to D-App request to the CMF, the ED can request the connection to the D-App. Through the connection to D-App response obtained from the CMF, the ED can know a result of the connection to D-App request, in other words, the result about whether the connection to D-App request has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can request the connection to the D-App and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0086] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the ED registration request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0087] a user authorization request (UAR) -UE ID;
[0088] identification credentials for the ED; and
[0089] associated identification tags for the UE and / or D-App.
[0090] Through the parameters included in the ED registration request, the ED can provide specific parameters in the ED registration request to enable the network to obtain authorization from the UE and / or D-App and determine whether the request is accepted or rejected.
[0091] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the ED registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0092] an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted;
[0093] ED network policies;
[0094] a mobile network ID;
[0095] network registration information; and
[0096] an ED registration certificate.
[0097] Under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, the ED registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted. The ED registration response may include some information required for the ED to perform network registration, such as ED network policies, the mobile network ID, network registration information, and the ED registration certificate. In this way, the ED can know the request for registration and interaction has been accepted and can get the required information for registering with the network.
[0098] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and the ED registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0099] an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected; and
[0100] a cause for indicating a reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected.
[0101] Under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, the ED registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. The ED registration response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. In this way, the ED can know the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0102] According to a second aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0103] sending an ED connection establishment request to a UE, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; and
[0104] obtaining an ED connection establishment response from the UE, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0105] This solution can be performed by an ED. By sending the ED connection establishment request to the UE, the ED can request to connect to the network such as a mobile network through the UE. Through the ED connection establishment response obtained from the UE, the ED can know a result of ED connection establishment request, in other words, the result about whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and may communicate with the D-App even though the ED does not have direct network access capability, which shortens a procedure for registering the ED with the network thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0106] In a possible implementation of the second aspect, where the ED connection establishment request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0107] an ED capability;
[0108] an ED ID;
[0109] a D-App ID; and
[0110] credentials to allow ED connect to D-App.
[0111] Through the parameters included in the ED connection establishment request, the ED can inform the UE which ED requests to establish a connection with the network, what capability the ED has, which D-App the ED requests to connect to. And the ED can especially inform the UE that the ED may still be connected to D-App without direct network access capability based on credentials to allow ED connect to D-App.
[0112] According to a third aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0113] obtaining an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network; and
[0114] sending an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0115] This solution can be performed by a UE. By obtaining the ED network registration assistance request from an ED, the UE can be requested by the ED to assist in a registration of the ED with a network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-App even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through the ED network registration assistance response sent to the ED, the UE can inform the ED a result of the ED network registration assistance request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In this way, the UE can be requested by the ED to provide network registration assistance and send the ED some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0116] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the ED network registration assistance request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0117] an ED ID;
[0118] an indication that requests the UE to provide necessary information to register in a mobile network; and
[0119] a SIM type of ED.
[0120] Through the parameters included in the ED network registration assistance request, the UE can get information required for assisting the ED in the network registration, such as which ED sends the request, what operation is requested, which SIM type the ED has. And based on the information, the UE can perform further operations to communicate with the network to get information required for the network registration of the ED thereby facilitating the registration of the ED with the network.
[0121] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0122] an indication to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network;
[0123] an ED registration certificate for the ED;
[0124] a register time window; and
[0125] network registration information.
[0126] Under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED network registration assistance response may include the indication to inform the ED that the UE is allowed to assist the ED in network registration. The ED network registration assistance response may include some information required for the ED to perform network registration, such as an ED registration certificate for the ED, the register time window for the ED registration certificate, and network registration information. The ED registration certificate is used for the ED to register with the network. The register time window indicates a time duration within which the ED registration certificate is valid. When the ED network registration assistance response includes both the ED registration certificate for the ED and the register time window, the ED registration certificate is valid within the register time window. The network registration information is for the ED to perform registration. The network registration information may be used by the ED to search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a connection with the AN, wherein the security parameters in the network registration information such as SIM software profile may be used for establishing a secured connection between the ED and AN. In this way, the UE can inform the ED from the response that the UE is allowed to provide network registration assistance for the ED and enable the ED to get the required information for registering with the network.
[0127] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the network registration information includes one or more of following parameters:
[0128] a network assigned ED ID;
[0129] a network assigned UE ID;
[0130] a mobile network ID;
[0131] security parameters;
[0132] a DNN;
[0133] network slice information;
[0134] an ED limited registration area; and
[0135] network policies.
[0136] The parameters included in the network registration information can support the ED to perform registration. For example, the mobile network ID and the security parameters may be used by the ED to establish a connection with the AN. The network assigned ED ID and the network assigned UE ID may be used for verification on the ED with the UE during network registration. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED can access to use network service (s) , such as D-User, D-XR, or other DW services, AI services. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. If the ED moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED may be blocked from accessing the network. Therefore, the UE can support the ED to perform registration based on the network registration information.
[0137] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0138] an indication to indicate that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network; and
[0139] a cause for indicating a reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0140] Under the circumstance that the UE cannot be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED network registration assistance response may include the indication to inform the ED that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. The ED network registration assistance response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist the ED in the registration of the ED with the network. In this way, the UE can inform the ED the registration of the ED with the network has been rejected, and / or may also inform the ED the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0141] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0142] sending an ED registration certificate request to a security function (SF) via one or more of an AN and a CMF, where the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; and
[0143] obtaining an ED registration certificate response from the SF via one or more of the CMF and the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0144] By sending the ED registration certificate request to the SF, the SF may verify whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network so that the SF may generate a secured ED registration certificate for the ED under the circumstance that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED registration certificate response obtained from the SF, the UE can know a result of the ED registration certificate request, in other words, the result about whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected, and may obtain the requested ED registration certificate under the result that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the UE can provide network registration assistance and obtain from the network some information that may be required for subsequent network registration.
[0145] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the ED registration certificate request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0146] a UE ID;
[0147] a UE location;
[0148] an ED ID;
[0149] an ED current location;
[0150] a SIM type of ED;
[0151] an ED service location; and
[0152] one or more ED requested network services.
[0153] Through the parameters included in the ED registration certificate request, the SF can get information required for determining whether the UE can be allowed to assist the ED in the network registration, such as which UE assists in the registration of the ED with the network, which ED sends the request, which location the ED will be in service, which SIM type the ED has, and which network service (s) that the ED may be allowed to access. And based on the information, the SF can communicate with the DMF to verify whether the UE can be allowed to assist the ED in the network registration.
[0154] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, and the ED registration certificate response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0155] an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted;
[0156] the ED registration certificate;
[0157] a register time window; and
[0158] network registration information.
[0159] Under the circumstance that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, the ED registration certificate response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted. The ED network registration assistance response may include some information required for UE to assist the ED in network registration, such as the ED registration certificate, the register time window for the ED registration certificate, and network registration information. Further, by exchanging the messages between the UE and ED, the UE can enable the ED to use the ED registration certificate to register with the network. When the ED registration certificate response includes both the ED registration certificate and the register time window, the ED registration certificate is valid within the register time window. The network registration information is for the ED to perform registration. The network registration information may be used by the ED to search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a connection with the AN, where the security parameters in the network registration information such as SIM software profile may be used for establishing a secured connection between the ED and AN. In this way, the UE can know from the response that the UE is allowed to provide network registration assistance for the ED and can get the required information for assisting the ED in network registration.
[0160] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and the ED registration certificate response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0161] an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected; and
[0162] a cause for indicating a reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected.
[0163] Under the circumstance that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, the ED registration certificate response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected. The ED registration certificate response may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected. In this way, the UE can know the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0164] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0165] sending a subscription request for ED registration service to a CMF via an AN, where the subscription request for ED registration service is used for requesting a subscription for ED registration service; and
[0166] obtaining a subscription response for ED registration service from the CMF via the AN, where the subscription response for ED registration service is used for indicating whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.
[0167] By sending the subscription request for ED registration service to the CMF, the UE may request to subscribe for user ED registration service provided by the network. Through the subscription response for ED registration service obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the subscription request for ED registration service, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the UE can be allowed to request registration of its associated ED, so that the ED can register with a network to interact with a D-App, D-User, or an application in the UE via the network.
[0168] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the subscription request for ED registration service includes one or more of following parameters:
[0169] a subscription service type;
[0170] a UE ID;
[0171] UE new capabilities; and
[0172] a specific D-App the subscription related to.
[0173] By including one or more of the above parameters into the subscription request for ED registration service, the UE can inform the network which ED desires to require which subscription service type, what UE new capabilities are, and which specific D-App the subscription is related to, thereby the network can determine whether the subscription request for ED registration service should be accepted or rejected based on the parameters.
[0174] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the subscription response for ED registration service includes:
[0175] an indication to indicate whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.
[0176] Because the subscription response for ED registration service may include the indication to inform the UE whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected, the UE can know a result of the subscription request for ED registration service, in other words the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as performing the network registration or requesting another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0177] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0178] sending a UE subscription request for D-App to a CMF via an AN, where the UE subscription request for D-App is used for subscribing to a D-App; and
[0179] obtaining a UE subscription response for D-App from the CMF via the AN, where the UE subscription response for D-App is used for indicating whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected.
[0180] By sending the UE subscription request for D-App to the CMF, the UE may request to subscribe to the D-App to provide its ED information, or to obtain instructions on its ED operations. Through the UE subscription response for D-App obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the UE subscription request for D-App, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the UE may send a UE subscription request for D-App message to subscribe to a D-App as an assisting UE so that the ED may provide one or more of ED services, e.g. providing sensing services (e.g. for environment information) , actuator services (e.g. for home equipment control) , or both.
[0181] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the UE subscription request for D-App includes one or more of following parameters:
[0182] a D-App-ID; and
[0183] a D-App address.
[0184] By including one or more of the above parameters into the UE subscription request for D-App, the UE can inform the network which D-App the ED desires to require.
[0185] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, and the UE subscription response for D-App includes one or more of following parameters:
[0186] an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted;
[0187] a UE-D-App ID; and
[0188] associated identification credentials.
[0189] Under the circumstance that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, the UE subscription response for D-App may include the indication to inform the UE that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted. The UE subscription response for D-App may include some parameters that may be used for registering with the network and interacting with the D-App, such as the UE-D-App ID, and associated identification credentials.
[0190] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and the UE subscription response for D-App includes one or more of following parameters:
[0191] an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected; and
[0192] a cause for indicating a reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected.
[0193] Under the circumstance that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, the UE subscription response for D-App may include the indication to inform that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. The subscription response for the D-App may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. In this way, the UE can know the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0194] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the method further includes:
[0195] sending a UAR service request to a CMF via an AN, where the UAR service request is used for requesting to add the ED as a UE authorized ED by using a UAR service; and
[0196] obtaining a UAR service response from the CMF via the AN, where the UAR service response is used for indicating whether the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0197] By sending the UAR service request to the CMF, the UE can request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED by using the UAR service. Through the UAR service response obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the UAR service request, in other words, the result about whether the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the UE may provide ED information to the network so that the ED can be registered with the network by using UAR service.
[0198] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the UAR service request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0199] an ED type;
[0200] an ED capability;
[0201] security requirements;
[0202] credentials for the communication link between ED and D-App; and
[0203] D-App information.
[0204] By including one or more of the above parameters into the UAR service request, the UE can inform the network which ED type and ED capability the ED has, and what security requirements are. And especially the UE can enable the D-App to uniquely identify the ED using the D-App information such as the D-App-ED ID and the security credentials.
[0205] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted, and the UAR service response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0206] an indication to indicate including ED as a UAR device;
[0207] a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication; and
[0208] a temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE.
[0209] Under the circumstance that the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted, the UAR service response may include the indication to inform the ED that the ED has been included as the UAR device. The UAR service response may include some parameters that may be used for registering with the network by using UE as the authorization entity for registration, such as the network-ED ID for the ED for future communication, and the temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE.
[0210] In a possible implementation of the third aspect, the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been rejected, and the UAR service response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0211] an indication to indicate not including ED as a UAR device; and
[0212] a cause for indicating a reason why not including ED as the UAR device.
[0213] Under the circumstance that the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been rejected, the UAR service response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED has not been included as the UAR device. The UAR service response may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the ED has not been included as the UAR device. In this way, the UE can know the ED has not been included as the UAR device, and / or may also know the reason why the ED has not been included as the UAR device, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0214] According to a fourth aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0215] obtaining an ED connection establishment request from an ED, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; and
[0216] sending an ED connection establishment response to the ED, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0217] This solution can be performed by a UE. By obtaining the ED connection establishment request from the ED, the UE can assist the ED to connect to the network. Through the ED connection establishment response sent to the ED, the UE can inform the ED a result of the ED connection establishment request, in other words, the result about whether the request the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and may communicate with the D-App even though the ED does not have direct network access capability, which shortens a procedure for registering the ED with the network thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0218] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the ED connection establishment request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0219] an ED capability;
[0220] an ED ID;
[0221] a D-App ID; and
[0222] credentials to allow ED connect to D-App.
[0223] Through the parameters included in the ED connection establishment request, the UE can know which ED requests to establish a connection with the network, what capability the ED has, which D-App the ED requests to connect to. And the UE can especially know that the ED may still be connected to D-App without direct network access capability based on credentials to allow ED connect to D-App.
[0224] In a possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the method further includes:
[0225] sending an ED connection setup request to a D-App, where the ED connection setup request is used for requesting to set up a connection between the ED and the D-App; and
[0226] obtaining an ED connection setup response from the D-App, where the ED connection setup response is used for indicating whether the setting up the connection between the ED and the D-App has been accepted or rejected.
[0227] By sending the ED connection setup request to the D-App, the ED App connection may be established so that the ED can be connected with the D-App. Through the ED connection setup response obtained from the D-App, the UE can know a result of the ED connection setup request, in other words, the result about whether the setting up the connection between the ED and the D-App has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as interacting with the D-App or requesting another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0228] According to a fifth aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0229] obtaining an ED registration certificate request from a UE via an AN, where the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; and
[0230] sending an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0231] This solution can be performed by a CMF. By obtaining the ED registration certificate request from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request an ED registration certificate for the ED thereby knowing that the ED requests the UE to assist in the registration of the ED with a network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-App even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through the ED registration certificate response sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the ED registration certificate request, in other words, the result about whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE can let the ED know whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In this way, with the help of the CMF, other NFs of the network can know that the ED tries to request the UE to provide network registration assistance and the ED may obtain from the network some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0232] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the ED registration certificate request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0233] a UE ID;
[0234] a UE location;
[0235] an ED ID;
[0236] an ED current location;
[0237] a SIM type of ED;
[0238] an ED service location; and
[0239] one or more ED requested network services.
[0240] Through the parameters included in the ED registration certificate request, the CMF can get information required for selecting a SF and further for determining whether the UE can be allowed to assist the ED in the network registration, such as which UE assists in the registration of the ED with the network, which ED sends the request, which location the ED will be in service, which SIM type the ED has, and which network service (s) that the ED may be allowed to access. In this way, the CMF can enable the network to verify whether the UE can be allowed to assist the ED in the network registration or not.
[0241] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, and the ED registration certificate response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0242] an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted;
[0243] the ED registration certificate;
[0244] a register time window; and
[0245] network registration information.
[0246] Under the circumstance that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, the ED registration certificate response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted. The ED registration certificate response may include some information required for UE to assist the ED in network registration, such as the ED registration certificate, the register time window for the ED registration certificate, and network registration information, so that the UE can enable the ED to use the information such as the ED registration certificate to register with the network. When the ED registration certificate response includes both the ED registration certificate and the register time window, the ED registration certificate is valid within the register time window. The network registration information is for the ED to perform registration. The network registration information may be used by the ED to search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a connection with the AN, wherein the security parameters in the network registration information such as SIM software profile may be used for establishing a secured connection between the ED and AN. In this way, the CMF can inform the UE from the response that the UE is allowed to provide network registration assistance for the ED and to get the required information for assisting the ED in network registration.
[0247] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and the ED registration certificate response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0248] an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected; and
[0249] a cause for indicating a reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected.
[0250] Under the circumstance that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, the ED registration certificate response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected. The ED registration certificate response may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, thereby the ED may also know the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. In this way, the CMF can inform the UE that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0251] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the network registration information includes one or more of following parameters:
[0252] a network assigned ED ID;
[0253] a network assigned UE ID;
[0254] a mobile network ID;
[0255] security parameters;
[0256] a DNN;
[0257] network slice information;
[0258] an ED limited registration area; and
[0259] network policies.
[0260] The parameters included in the network registration information can support the ED to perform registration. For example, the mobile network ID and the security parameters may be used by the ED to establish a connection with the AN. The network assigned ED ID and the network assigned UE ID may be used for verification on the ED with the UE during network registration. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED can access to use network service (s) , such as D-User, D-XR, or other DW services, AI services. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. If the ED moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED may be blocked from accessing the network. Therefore, with the help of the CMF, the UE can support the ED to perform registration based on the network registration information.
[0261] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0262] selecting a SF based on local information about available SF instances, where the SF is used for verifying whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0263] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0264] sending a network function (NF) profile request to a network entity repository (NER) , where the NF profile request is used for requesting SF profiles; and.
[0265] obtaining a NF profile response from the NER, where the NF profile response is used for selecting a SF from the requested SF profiles.
[0266] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the NF profile request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0267] a NF type;
[0268] an ED registration certificate service to be provided,
[0269] a SIM type of ED;
[0270] an ED current location; and
[0271] an ED operation location.
[0272] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the NF profile response includes:
[0273] one or more SF profiles that meet the requirements of CMF.
[0274] Because the SF may be selected in different manners such as by the CMF or NER, different application scenarios can be adapted thereby expanding the applicability of method for managing the ED associated with the user.
[0275] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0276] sending the ED registration certificate request to a SF; and
[0277] obtaining the ED registration certificate response from the SF.
[0278] By sending the ED registration certificate request to the SF, the SF may verify whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network so that the SF may generate a secured ED registration certificate for the ED under the circumstance that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED registration certificate response obtained from the SF, the CMF can know a result of the ED registration certificate request, in other words, the result about whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected, and may obtain the requested ED registration certificate under the result that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected. In this way, with the help of the CMF, the UE can determine whether it can provide network registration assistance and may obtain from the network some information that may be required for subsequent network registration such as the ED registration certificate.
[0279] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, a connection between the ED and the AN is established, and the method further includes:
[0280] obtaining an ED network registration request from the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration request is used for registering with the network; and
[0281] sending an ED network registration response to the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration response is used for indicating whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0282] Under the circumstance that the connection between the ED and the AN has been established, by obtaining the ED network registration request from the ED, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED network registration response sent to the ED, the CMF can inform the ED a result of the ED network registration request, in other words, the result about whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network and send a processing result in response to the request.
[0283] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the ED network registration request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0284] an ED registration certificate;
[0285] a network assigned ED ID;
[0286] an assisting UE ID;
[0287] a registration type;
[0288] a DNN;
[0289] S-NSSAI;
[0290] NSI;
[0291] an ED ID; and
[0292] an ED radio capability.
[0293] By including one or more of the above parameters into the ED network registration request, the CMF can know which ED desires to require which type of registration, which UE assists in the registration of the ED with the network and other parameters that can be used in network registration. And the CMF can especially know that the ED may still be registered with the network without prior subscription based on an ED registration certificate.
[0294] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the registering with the network has been accepted, and the ED network registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0295] an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been accepted;
[0296] ED network policies;
[0297] a CMF-generated unique ED ID;
[0298] an ED limited registration area;
[0299] allowed network slice information;
[0300] an allowed DNN;
[0301] a DNS address; and
[0302] a list of application server addresses.
[0303] Under the circumstance that the registering with the network has been accepted, the ED network registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the registering with the network has been accepted. The ED network registration response may include some parameters that may be used for accessing the network and using network services. For example, The ED network policies may be one or more policies for the ED to access the allowed services of the network. The CMF-generated unique ED ID may be used to uniquely identify the ED. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. The DNS address may be used to discover the address of application server. The list of application server address may be used to map application ID, service ID, and network address to access corresponding application or service. In this way, the CMF can inform the ED the registering with the network has been accepted and use the specific parameters in the ED network registration response to access network and use subscribed services, such as D-User, D-XR as a normal ED.
[0304] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the registering with the network has been rejected, and the ED network registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0305] an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been rejected; and
[0306] a cause for indicating a reason why the registering with the network has been rejected.
[0307] Under the circumstance that the registering with the network has been rejected, the ED network registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the registering with the network has been rejected. The ED network registration response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the registering with the network has been rejected. In this way, the CMF can inform the ED the registering with the network has been rejected, and / or may also inform the ED the reason why the registering with the network has been rejected, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0308] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0309] obtaining an ED registration request from the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a D-App; and
[0310] sending an ED registration response to the ED via the AN, where the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected.
[0311] Under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by obtaining the ED registration request from the ED, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request to register with the network and interact with the D-App. Through the ED registration response sent to the ED, the CMF can inform the ED a result of the ED registration request, in other words, the result about whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request to register with the network and interact with a D-App such as joining a particular D-App operation and send a processing result in response to the request.
[0312] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the ED registration request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0313] a UE ID of the assisting UE;
[0314] one or more of ID and address of D-App that the ED is associated with;
[0315] ED identification credentials for UE;
[0316] identification credentials for D-App;
[0317] a registration type;
[0318] a DNN;
[0319] S-NSSAI;
[0320] NSI;
[0321] a network-ED ID;
[0322] an ED radio capability; and
[0323] an ED registration certificate.
[0324] Through the parameters included in the ED registration request, the ED can enable the CMF to get information that may be required for network registration and D-App registration of the ED. For example, the UE ID of the assisting UE, the ID and / or address of D-App that the ED is associated with, the ED identification credentials for UE and the identification credentials for D-App may be used for verification during registration. Through the registration type, the CMF can know which type of registration the ED desires to request, and in this implementation, the service type may, for example, indicate that the network requires to obtain the D-App and / or UE authorization for registration and this connection is limited only to D-App related operations. Especially, through the ED registration certificate, the CMF can know that the ED may still be registered with the network and interacted with the D-App without prior subscription.
[0325] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the method further includes:
[0326] obtaining a connection to D-App request from the ED via the AN, where the connection to D-App request is used for requesting a connection to the D-App by providing one or more parameters in the ED registration response;
[0327] sending a connection to D-App response to the ED via the AN, where the connection to D-App response is used for indicating whether the request the connection to the D-App has been accepted or rejected.
[0328] Under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, by obtaining the connection to D-App request from the ED, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request the connection to the D-App. Through the connection to D-App response sent to the ED, the CMF can inform the ED a result of the connection to D-App request, in other words, the result about whether the connection to D-App request has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request the connection to the D-App and send a processing result in response to the request.
[0329] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0330] obtaining a subscription request for ED registration service from the UE via the AN, where the subscription request for ED registration service is used for requesting a subscription for ED registration service; and
[0331] sending a subscription response for ED registration service to the UE via the AN, where the subscription response for ED registration service is used for indicating whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.
[0332] By obtaining the subscription request for ED registration service from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request to subscribe for user ED registration service provided by the network. Through the subscription response for ED registration service sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the subscription request for ED registration service, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. In this way, with the help of the CMF, the UE can be allowed to request registration of its associated ED, so that the ED can register with the network to interact with the D-App, D-User, or an application in the UE via the network.
[0333] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the subscription request for ED registration service includes one or more of following parameters:
[0334] a subscription service type;
[0335] a UE ID;
[0336] UE new capabilities; and
[0337] a specific D-App the subscription related to.
[0338] By including one or more of the above parameters into the subscription request for ED registration service, the CMF can know which ED desires to require which subscription service type, what UE new capabilities are, and which specific D-App the subscription is related to, thereby the network can determine whether the subscription request for ED registration service should be accepted or rejected based on the parameters.
[0339] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the subscription response for ED registration service includes:
[0340] an indication to indicate that whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.
[0341] Because the subscription response for ED registration service may include the indication to inform the UE whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the subscription request for ED registration service. In other words the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as performing the network registration or requesting another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0342] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0343] sending an operator policy request to a policy function (PF) , where the operator policy request is used to check UE capabilities; and
[0344] obtaining an operator policy response from the PF, where the operator policy response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0345] By sending the operator policy request to the PF, the CMF can ask the PF to check UE capabilities. Through the operator policy response obtained from the PF, the CMF can know a result of the operator policy request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0346] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the method further includes:
[0347] sending a user subscription update request to a data management function (DMF) , where the user subscription update request is used to update UE subscription that includes an ED registration service subscription; and
[0348] obtaining a user subscription update response from the DMF, where the user subscription update response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the user subscription update request.
[0349] Under the circumstance that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by sending the user subscription update request to the DMF, the CMF can request to update UE subscription record. Through the user subscription update response, the CMF can know that the user subscription update request has been received and the UE subscription record has been updated.
[0350] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0351] obtaining a UE subscription request for D-App from the UE via the AN, where the UE subscription request for D-App is used for subscribing to a D-App; and
[0352] sending a UE subscription response for D-App to the UE via the AN, where the UE subscription response for D-App is used for indicating whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected.
[0353] By obtaining the UE subscription request for D-App from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request to subscribe to the D-App to provide its ED information, or to obtain instructions on its ED operations. Through the UE subscription response for D-App sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the UE subscription request for D-App, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected. In this way, through the CMF, the UE may send the UE subscription request for D-App message to subscribe to the D-App as an assisting UE so that the ED may provide one or more of ED services, e.g. providing sensing services (e.g. for environment information) , actuator services (e.g. for home equipment control) , or both.
[0354] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the UE subscription request for D-App includes one or more of following parameters:
[0355] a D-App-ID; and
[0356] a D-App address.
[0357] By including one or more of the above parameters into the UE subscription request for D-App, the CMF can know which D-App the ED desires to require.
[0358] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, and the UE subscription response for D-App includes one or more of following parameters:
[0359] an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted;
[0360] a UE-D-App ID; and
[0361] associated identification credentials.
[0362] Under the circumstance that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, the UE subscription response for D-App may include the indication to inform the UE that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted. The UE subscription response for D-App may include some parameters that may be used for registering with the network and interacting with the D-App, such as a UE-D-App ID, and associated identification credentials.
[0363] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and the UE subscription response for D-App includes one or more of following parameters:
[0364] an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected; and
[0365] a cause for indicating a reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected.
[0366] Under the circumstance that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, the UE subscription response for D-App may include the indication to inform the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. The subscription response for the D-App may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. In this way, the CMF can inform the UE that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and / or may also inform the UE the reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0367] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0368] sending a D-App authorization request to the D-App, where the D-App authorization request is used to check whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for a service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services; and
[0369] obtaining a D-App authorization response from the D-App, where the D-App authorization response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services or not.
[0370] By sending the D-App authorization request to the D-App, the CMF can request the D-App to check whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE can assist the ED to access D-App services. Through the D-App authorization response obtained from the D-App, the CMF can know a result of the D-App authorization request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services or not.
[0371] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0372] sending a UE subscription update for D-App request to the DMF, where the UE subscription update for D-App message is used for indicating that the UE is an associated device for the D-App to obtain ED registrations service; and
[0373] obtaining a UE subscription update for D-App response from the DMF, where the UE subscription update for D-App response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the UE subscription update for D-App request.
[0374] By sending the UE subscription update for D-App request to the DMF, the CMF can indicate that the UE is an associated device for the D-App to obtain ED registration service. Through the UE subscription update for D-App response obtained from the DMF, the CMF can know that the UE subscription update for D-App request has been received, and can obtain some parameters for further network registration.
[0375] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the ED registration request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0376] a UAR-UE ID;
[0377] identification credentials for the ED; and
[0378] associated identification tags for the UE and / or D-App.
[0379] Through the parameters included in the ED registration request, the CMF can obtain authorization from the UE and / or D-App and determine whether the request is accepted or rejected.
[0380] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the ED registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0381] an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted;
[0382] ED network policies;
[0383] a mobile network ID;
[0384] network registration information; and
[0385] an ED registration certificate.
[0386] Under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, the ED registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted. The ED registration response may include some information required for the ED to perform network registration, such as ED network policies, the mobile network ID, network registration information, and the ED registration certificate. In this way, the CMF can inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted and get the required information for registering with the network.
[0387] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and the ED registration response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0388] an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected; and
[0389] a cause for indicating a reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected.
[0390] Under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, the ED registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. The ED network registration assistance response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. In this way, the CMF can inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and / or may also inform the ED the reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected.
[0391] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0392] obtaining a UAR service request from the UE via the AN, where the UAR service request is used for requesting to add the ED as a UE authorized ED by using a UAR service; and
[0393] sending a UAR service response to the UE via the AN, where the UAR service response is used for indicating whether the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0394] By obtaining the UAR service request from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED by using the UAR service. Through the UAR service response sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE the result of the UAR service request, in other words, the result about whether the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected. In this way, through the CMF, the UE may provide ED information to the network so that the ED can be registered with the network by using UAR service.
[0395] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the UAR service request includes one or more of following parameters:
[0396] an ED type;
[0397] an ED capability;
[0398] security requirements;
[0399] credentials for the communication link between ED and D-App; and
[0400] D-App information.
[0401] By including one or more of the above parameters into the UAR service request, the CMF can know which ED type and ED capability the ED has, and what security requirements are. And especially, through the CMF, the UE can enable the D-App to uniquely identify the ED using the D-App information such as the D-App-ED ID and the security credentials.
[0402] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted, and the UAR service response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0403] an indication to indicate including ED as a UAR device;
[0404] a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication; and
[0405] a temporary UAR-UE ID for a UE.
[0406] Under the circumstance that the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted, the UAR service response may include the indication to inform the ED that the ED has been included as the UAR device. The UAR service response may include some parameters that may be used for registering with the network by using UE as the authorization entity for registration, such as a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication, and a temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE.
[0407] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been rejected, and the UAR service response includes one or more of following parameters:
[0408] an indication to indicate not including ED as a UAR device; and
[0409] a cause for indicating a reason why not including ED as the UAR device.
[0410] Under the circumstance that the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been rejected, the UAR service response may include the indication to inform the ED that the ED has not been included as the UAR device. The UAR service response may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the ED has not been included as the UAR device. In this way, the CMF can inform the UE that the ED has not been included as the UAR device, and / or may also inform the UE the reason why the ED has not been included as the UAR device, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0411] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0412] sending a UE UAR service subscription verification request to a DMF, where the UE UAR service subscription verification request is used to check whether the UE has subscription to use UAR service; and
[0413] obtaining a UE UAR service subscription verification response from the DMF, where the UE UAR service subscription verification response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to use UAR service or not.
[0414] By sending the UE UAR service subscription verification request to the DMF, the DMF can check whether the UE has subscription for the UAR service. Through the UE UAR service subscription verification response obtained from the DMF, the CMF can know a result of the UE UAR service subscription verification request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to use UAR service or not.
[0415] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0416] sending an ED capability verification request to a D-App, where the ED capability verification request is used to verify an ED capability; and
[0417] obtaining an ED capability verification response from the D-App, where the ED capability verification response is used for indicating whether the ED capability is met with application requirements of the D-App or not.
[0418] By sending the ED capability verification request to the D-App, the D-App may check whether ED capabilities are met with applications of D-App. Through the ED capability verification response obtained from the D-App, the CMF can know a result of the ED capability verification request, in other words, the result about whether the ED capability is met with application requirements of the D-App or not.
[0419] In a possible implementation of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:
[0420] sending an ED inclusion request to the SF, where the ED inclusion request is used for requesting to include the ED into UAR service; and
[0421] obtaining an ED inclusion response from the SF, where the ED inclusion response is used for indicating whether the request to include the ED into UAR service has been accepted or rejected.
[0422] By sending the ED inclusion request to the SF, the SF can determine whether to include the ED into UAR service. Through the ED inclusion response obtained from the SF, the CMF can know a result of the ED inclusion request, in other words, the result about whether the request to include the ED into UAR service has been accepted or rejected.
[0423] According to a sixth aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0424] receiving, by an AN, an ED registration certificate request from a UE;
[0425] forwarding, by the AN, the ED registration certificate request to a CMF;
[0426] obtaining, by the CMF, the ED registration certificate request from the AN;
[0427] sending, by the CMF, an ED registration certificate response to the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected;
[0428] receiving, by the AN, the ED registration certificate response from the CMF;
[0429] forwarding, by the AN, the ED registration certificate response to the UE.
[0430] This solution can be performed by a system in a network, for example a system in a mobile network including at least one or more of the ED, the UE, the CMF, and any other possible NFs. By exchanging the ED network registration assistance request, the ED network registration assistance response, the ED registration certificate request, and the ED registration certificate response between the UE and the NFs in the mobile network, the ED can request the UE to assist in a registration of the ED with the network such as the mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-App even though the ED has no network subscription in the network, and can obtain a result of the ED network registration assistance request so that the ED can prepare the next operation, such as performing the network registration or requesting another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. In this way, the ED can request the UE to provide network registration assistance and obtain from the UE some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0431] According to a seventh aspect, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described, where the method includes:
[0432] sending, by an ED, an ED connection establishment request to a UE, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network;
[0433] obtaining, by the UE, the ED connection establishment request from the ED;
[0434] sending, by the UE, an ED connection establishment response to the ED, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected; and
[0435] obtaining, by the ED, the ED connection establishment response from the UE.
[0436] This solution can be performed by a system in a network, for example a system in a mobile network including at least one or more of the ED, the UE, and any other possible NFs. By exchanging the ED connection establishment request, and the ED connection establishment response between the UE and the NFs in the mobile network, the ED can request to connect to the network such as the mobile network through the UE, and can know a result of ED connection establishment request. In this way, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and may communicate with the D-App even though the ED does not have direct network access capability, which shortens a procedure for registering the ED with the network thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0437] According to a seventh aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect, second aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect, second aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0438] According to an eighth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0439] According to a ninth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fifth aspect, or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fifth aspect, or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0440] According to a tenth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect, second aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect, second aspect, any possible implementation of the first aspect, or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0441] According to an eleventh aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect, the fourth aspect, any possible implementation of the third aspect, or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect.
[0442] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0443] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include the memory.
[0444] The communication apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0445] According to a twelfth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the fifth aspect, or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the fifth aspect, or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect.
[0446] According to a thirteenth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes multiple communication apparatuses configured to perform the method according to any one of the possible designs of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the above aspects.
[0447] According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to any one of the possible designs of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the above aspects.
[0448] According to a fifteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method according to any one of the possible designs of the above aspects or any possible implementation of the above aspects.
[0449] According to a sixteenth aspect, this application provides a system including at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a UE of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network device of the present application.
[0450] According to a seventeenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system including at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a UE of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network device of the present application.
[0451] This application encompasses various implementations, including not only method implementations, but also other implementations such as apparatus implementations and implementations related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Implementations may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0452] The present disclosure provides method, apparatus, and system for managing an ED associated with a user. By sending an ED network registration assistance request to a UE, the ED can request the UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-App even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through an ED network registration assistance response obtained from the UE, the ED can know a result of the ED network registration assistance request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In this way, the ED can request the UE to provide network registration assistance and obtain from the UE some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0453] Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings which show example implementations of the present disclosure, and in which:
[0454] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0455] FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a deployment of a 6G system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0456] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0457] FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic illustration of network functions to support DW service according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0458] FIG. 5 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a network architecture that employs enhanced 5G NFs according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0459] FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0460] FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0461] FIG. 8 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0462] FIG. 9 shows a schematic flowchart of a procedure for an ED to perform network registration with UE assistance according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure
[0463] FIG. 10A shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration to support a D-App operation according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0464] FIG. 10B shows a schematic flowchart of a procedure for UE paging according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0465] FIG. 10C shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration with UE authorization according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure
[0466] FIG. 11A shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration using UE or D-App authorization according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0467] FIG. 11B shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration with UE authorization according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0468] FIG. 12 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0469] FIG. 13 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0470] FIG. 14 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0471] FIG. 15 shows a schematic flowchart of an ED accessing the DW application via the UE according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0472] FIG. 16 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0473] FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0474] FIG. 18 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0475] FIG. 19 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0476] FIG. 20 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0477] FIG. 21 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0478] FIG. 22 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0479] FIG. 23 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0480] FIG. 24 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0481] FIG. 25 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0482] FIG. 26 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0483] FIG. 27 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0484] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of implementations of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which implementations of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that implementations of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0485] An evolutionary solution of a 6G system architecture design and procedure design are described in the present application. The evolutionary solution is designed by enhancement of 5G system.
[0486] The proposed 6G network architecture has been designed with a few important principles and requirements: openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of 6G networks and future-proofing.
[0487] The proposed 6G network architecture design applies modularization strategy, utilizes service-based (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0488] For all of the procedure designs, we are trying modularization of procedures. A procedure of the 6G System may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure is defined as a basic procedure.
[0489] A complex procedure can, thus, include multiple sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can simplify designs of procedures.
[0490] The 6G System leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G System are categorized into three layers. The 6G System conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 1.
[0491] Infrastructure Layer includes infrastructures supporting 6G services. Among them are wireless networks (Radio Access Network (RAN) , Core Network (CN) ) infrastructures, Cloud / data center infrastructures, satellite networks, storage / database infrastructures, and sensing networks, and other networking equipment. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by multiple providers.
[0492] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, in FIG. 1, each XaaS service is provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, a XaaS service can be provided with 5G enhancement by more than one approaches. The figure is only an example.
[0493] In the 6G System conceptual structure, the followings are illustrated.
[0494] -Network for AI (NET4AI) is a new type of service in 6G CN / RAN which enables network with the capability to conduct / execute AI training / inferencing task (s) . i.e., AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. In this application, the evolutionary solution to support NET4AI service by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described.
[0495] -A NET4Data service provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive, and confidential. In the present application, the NET4Data service could be integrated into the 5GS, or could be enhanced by the 5GS.
[0496] -Data analysis and management (DAM) focus on different types of data: network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , ISAC data (3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from UE and RAN) , Non-3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from Radar, LiDAR, WiFi Sensing) ) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, NF, UE, and other network equipment. 5G system logical functions for example: NWDAF, DCCF, and MFAF of control plane can be enhanced to support DAM service in an evolutionary solution.
[0497] -Network for Digital World (NET4DW) as a service provides the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and DW. Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary.
[0498] -Network for connectivity (NET4CON) as a service provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON include to manage logical topology among XaaS services and between 6G XaaS services and all types of 6G system customers, to introduce intelligent GWs for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and to support anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON service is provided by enhancement of 5G system.
[0499] -Mission Management (MM) as a Service provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at Service Layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing PDU connectivity and optionally providing data processing. The MM services include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service.
[0500] -Resource Management (RM) as a Service provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices.
[0501] -Service Provisioning Management (SPM) as a Service provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by ID management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management.
[0502] -Connectivity Management (CM) as a service provides a capability of reachability management of 6G wireless devices and D-Users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of 6G System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across multiple BAS domains.
[0503] -Protocol as a Service provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces.
[0504] FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a deployment of a 6G system in evolutionary solution according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, FIG. 2 is used to show one example of deployment of the 6G system in evolutionary solution.
[0505] The “+” represents “enhanced” , for example, the 5G AMF-Mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+, the 5G RRC function is enhanced, denoted as RRC+, the 5G Network Repository Function (NRF) is enhanced, denoted as NRF+, the 5G Session Management Function (SMF) is enhanced, denoted as SMF+, the 5G Network Exposure Function (NEF) is enhanced, denoted as NEF+, the 5G Authentication Server Function (AUSF) is enhanced, denoted as AUSF+, other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0506] C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A 6G device can have multiple C / M RBs.
[0507] Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying Data plane traffic. A 6G device can have multiple Data RBs.
[0508] RB endpoint: endpoint of an RB at network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., PDCP) can be in, e.g., a RAN BAS domain, but not limited to. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0509] RB handler: over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler is defined as a logical function which perform RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from CM service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from SPM service.
[0510] The NET4CON service which is main service impacting on 6G system architecture is implemented by enhanced 5G Service Communication Proxy (SCP+) as C / M plane GW and enhanced 5G User Plane Function (UPF+) as data plane GW. Proposed per device / D-User C / M session and data session are defined as logical connection between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+ (C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ (Data-TW-GW) . All XaaS services are deployed across multiple BAS / clouds.
[0511] The 6G customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., electronic device ED, terminal device) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment) . For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer, etc. The 6G customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines. The 6G customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, IoT, virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0512] Each 6G customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or including the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation 6G customer may be referred to using other terms. When a 6G customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0513] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., the 6G system in FIG. 2) . The apparatus 320 may be an electronic device (e.g. ED or other 6G customer) , a network node such as RAN, any components in RAN, CN or any Network Function of CN. As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 320 may include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 260 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0514] When the apparatus is RAN, components of the RAN or the apparatus is the UE, the apparatus 320 may further include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0515] The apparatus 320 may include at least one memory 258. The memory 258 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or implementations described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 260.
[0516] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. This application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0517] FIG. 4 shows a simplified schematic illustration of network functions to support DW service according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, a network architecture is shown in FIG. 4.
[0518] The CN 450 may include one or more of following NFs.
[0519] -CMF 4501: The CMF 4501 may provide functionalities to support control plane (CP) signaling between the EDs 410, UE 420 and NFs in the CN 450. The CMF 4501 may also manage the mobility of ED 410 and UE 420.
[0520] -SMF 4502: The SMF 4502 may provide CP functionalities to create and manage user plane or data plane connection between the ED 410, UE 420 and NFs, and between the ED 410, UE 420 and DN 460.
[0521] -Data Storage Function (DSF) 4504: The DSF 4504 may provide functionalities to store data of one or more of UE data, user data, NF data, application data, and network operation data, and any other types of data. The DSF 4504 may be a unified data repository (UDR) function in a 5G system.
[0522] -DMF 4503: The DMF 4503 may provide functionalities to manage one or more of DSFs 4504. For example, some NF may send a data record of a data type to the DMF 4503, then the DMF 4503 may select a DSF instance to store certain types of data. The DMF 4503 may be a Unified Data Management (UDM) function in a 5G system.
[0523] In some implementations, the DMF 4503 may manage UE 420 and ED subscription data. The ED 410 and UE data subscription data may be provided by one or more of following methods:
[0524] -The OAM (Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) function of the network may provide or configure one or more parameters of user subscription data.
[0525] -A network entity (NE) , such as ED 410, DW Control Function (DWCF) 4511, may provide one or more of parameters of user subscription data
[0526] The DWCF 4511 may manage some real-time digital twin (DT) information of the UE 420 and ED 410, e.g. real-time location, or assigned / expected service location of ED 410. The DWCF 4511 may send the real-time DT information of ED 410 to the DMF 4503 and the DMF 4503 may store the DT information of ED 410 in a DSF 4504.
[0527] -PF 4505: The PF 4505 may create policies for different operation of network and provide policies to NFs, EDs 410, UEs 420, AN 440, DN 460.
[0528] -SF 4506: The SF 4506 may provide one or more of authorization function, authentication function, and data security protection for one or more of ED 410, UE 420, NF in the AN 440, NF in the CN 450, AN 440, and NF in the DN 460.
[0529] -Location Management Function (LMF) 4508: The LMF 4508 may provide one or more of functionalities: detect the UE and ED location, estimate the location UE 420 and ED 410, tracking the mobility of UE 420 and ED 410.
[0530] -NER 4513: The NEF 4513 may provide functionalities for a network entity (NE) to register its NE profile so that other NEs can discover, select, and use the services of this NE.
[0531] -Control Plane Gateway (CPGW) 4507: The CPGW 4507 may provide an interface for NFs in the DN 460 to access the services provided by NFs of the mobile network.
[0532] -Data Plane Function (DPF) 4514: The DPF 4514 may provide one or more of services: receiving data of NDT and NFs; processing the received data; forwarding the received data, sending processed data.
[0533] -Data Plane Gateway (DPGW) 4518: The DPGW 4518 may provide an interface to send or receive data between the mobile network and other entities in the DN 460.
[0534] The mobile network may provide NFs to host or support DW applications. Some example of DW applications may include digital twin applications, metaverse applications, and other applications.
[0535] The following NFs may support DW applications.
[0536] -Data Collection and Distribution Function (DCDF) 4509: The DCDF 4509 may provide one or more of following functionalities: Data collection from NEs, such as sensor, UE 420, NF in the mobile network, NF in the DN 460; data storage management for the collected data stored in one or more of Sensor Data Storage Function (SDSF) 4510; data distribution to other NFs that request the data.
[0537] -DWCF) 4511 may perform one or more of tasks to create and manage DW applications: Manage the operation a DW applications.
[0538] -DW artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model training function (MTF) 4516: The MTF 4516 may use the collected sensor data, or any other types of data such as partially AI or ML model developed by other NE during a federated learning process, to derive AI or ML model to support DW applications.
[0539] -DW artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model repository function (MRF) 4517: The MRF 4517 may provide one or more of following services: store the AIML models derived by the MTF 4516, and distribute AIML models to other NFs and ED 410. An AIML model may be complete or incomplete. If the AIML model is complete, other NEs can use the complete AIML model to infer the data. If the AIML model is incomplete, other NEs may use the incomplete AIML model to further develop the incomplete AIML independently or jointly to create a complete AIML model. The
[0540] -Object Context Repository function (OCRF) 4512: The OCRF 4512 may provide one or more of services: store object context in real-time, and distribute object contexts to subscribed NFs.
[0541] -Object context: e.g. UE context, ED context, NF context
[0542] -DW Data Processing Function (DWDPF) 4515: The DWDPF 4515 may provide one or more of services:
[0543] -Get one or more of AIML models from the MRF 4517;
[0544] -Get the sensor data from UE 420, ED 410 and NFs;
[0545] -use one or more of AIML models or other methods to process the collected sensor data to detect the world (RW) objects; convert the detected RW object into one or more virtual world (VW) objects that can be used by one or more DW applications;
[0546] -Run application software of DW applications;
[0547] -Generate actuator data for actuator devices: for example, video data for video game, patient monitoring video in hospitals, robot monitoring in smart factories, vehicle monitoring for intelligent transport system operator, lighting control in smart city or performance.
[0548] -Send actuator control command and actuator data to actuator devices.
[0549] The DN may host one or more applications, e.g. DW applications. The DW applications may be implemented by using DW Controller (DWC) 4601 and DW Application Server (AS) 4602. The DWC 4601 may provide control functionalities. The DW AS 4602 may host application software of DW applications.
[0550] The functionalities of the above NFs may be implemented by modifying NFs of 5G network as follows for example.
[0551] FIG. 5 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a network architecture that employs enhanced 5G NFs according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0552] The 5G access and mobility management function may be enhanced (5G AMF+) 5301 to provide functionalities of the CMF.
[0553] The 5G session management function may be enhanced (5G SMF+) 5302 may be enhanced to provide functionalities of the SMF.
[0554] The 5G policy control function may be enhanced (5G PCF+) 5305 to provide functionalities of the PF.
[0555] The 5G network exposure function may be enhanced (5G NEF+) 5307 to provide functionalities of the CPGW.
[0556] The 5G network repository function may be enhanced (5G NRF+) 5312 to provide functionalities of the NER.
[0557] The 5G unified data management function may be enhanced (5G UDM+) 5303 to provide functionalities of the DMF.
[0558] The 5G unified data repository may be enhanced (5G UDR+) 5304 to provide functionalities of the SDRF.
[0559] The 5G Authentication Server Function may be enhanced (5G AUSF+) 5306 to provide functionalities of the SF.
[0560] The 5G Data Collection Coordination Function may be enhanced (5G DCCF+) 5311 to provide functionalities of the DCDF.
[0561] The 5G Location Management Function may be enhanced (5G LMF+) 5310 to provide functionalities of the LMF.
[0562] The 5G Service Communication Proxy may be enhanced (5G SCP+) 5309 to support the DWCF 5308 indirect communications with other CP functions.
[0563] Data plane functions:
[0564] The 5G User Plane Function may be enhanced (5G UPF+) 5313 to provide functionalities of the DPF, DWDPF 5314, and DPGW.
[0565] The 5G Analytics Data Repository Function may be enhanced (5G ADRF+) 5315 to provide functionalities of the OCRF, SDSF, MRF.
[0566] The Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) may be enhanced (5G NWDAF-MTLF+) 5316 to provide functionalities of the MTF.
[0567] There are two generic approaches for UE assisted registration of an ED. In the first approach, the UE connect to the network and obtain a registration certificate from the network for a limited network access (e.g. to interact with a D-App or UE) and provide it to the ED to access the network. The implementation as shown in FIG. 9 and the implementation as shown in FIGs. 10A to 10C use this approach. In the implementation as shown in FIG. 9, UE obtains the certificate directly from the network while in the implementation as shown in FIGs. 10A to 10C the UE obtains the certificate from the D-App the ED needs to connect to.
[0568] In the second approach, the UE connects to the network and provides ED details to the network and the D-App, and establish certain ED verification credentials to identify the ED. The UE share these verification credentials with the ED so that when ED tries to access the network, the network can obtain authorization from the UE or / and D-App and provide a registration certificate to the ED with limited access capabilities. The implementation as shown in FIGs. 11A to 11B and the implementation for ED registration by D-App use this approach. In the implementation as shown in FIG. 12, ED uses UEs connection to connect to the D-User and D-User connect the ED with the D-App.
[0569] The details of the present disclosure will be elaborated in the following description.
[0570] In the 5G system, the UE can register with the network by using a UE registration procedure described in 3GPP technical specification (TS) numbered 23.502. The UE needs to have user subscription data stored in the CN. Without the user data subscription, the UE may still can register with the network in case of emergency like earthquake situation to make emergency calls, such as 911 call. The UE may not be able to access other services of the network other than the emergency call service.
[0571] In some scenarios, the ED without prior subscription with the network may need to access the network. For example, some low-cost IoT devices may not have the physical SIM card and prior subscription with the MN. The low cost IoT devices may belong to the home network, such as door and window monitoring, household device monitoring, security cameras, temperature monitoring, air conditioning control, and lighting control. The low cost IoT devices may belong to industrial applications such as warehouse automation, factory automation, farming automation, and city infrastructure management. A solution is desired to register such devices with the network so that the devices can access the network, use network services, and access applications and services outside the mobile networks.
[0572] The existing D-Apps are placed outside the MN and the EDs may be connected with a D-App using UE as a relay. E.g. home equipment connected to the network. In another case, these EDs may be connected to a D-App individually by using a non-3GPP network, such as WiFi, to connect with the D-Apps.
[0573] The current UE registration solution requires the UE to have user subscription with the network. Otherwise the UE can still register with the network to use only emergency services of the network.
[0574] The key technical issue is how an ED without network subscription can register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services.
[0575] In one example, the network service ED requires is to register to the network through a UE as a subscriber to its connectivity services such as mobile broadband services or accessing the servers in the data network as an associated ED to the UE. The charging and other obligations of using the ED is the responsibility of the user who owns the UE.
[0576] In another example, an application associated with a user (D-App) is already installed in the network. It can be inside a D-User or any other secure environment. A UE associated with a physical user (P-User) is already subscribed with the D-App. P-User has access to the user application via UE. User application coordinate with the UE for running the application and P-User may own / use / control / assist the D-App. D-App may be operated for the UE or for a particular DW service.
[0577] UE wants to add an ED associated with the P-User / UE to the application so that the D-App can obtain the data from the ED or / and control the ED and the D-App can provide operation instructions to the ED.
[0578] When an ED has to access the D-App, either it has to go through the UE and communicate with the D-App using UE as a relay without requiring to obtain separate network access capability. This case is applicable to the EDs always connected to the UE. However, in home equipment control applications the ED is at home and when P-User out of the home ED need connection to the network to access the D-App.
[0579] Therefore, in this example, the EDs may need direct communication with the D-App either using WiFi connection, wireline connection or MN access. In either case the ED has to register with the MN.
[0580] For the above purposes ED requires following:
[0581] Credentials to access the MN as an authentic device associated with the UE.
[0582] Register as an ED associated with the particular UE or an ED group.
[0583] Obtaining the services from a visiting PLMN.
[0584] Terminate the ED service and de-register the ED from the network.
[0585] In addition, for the above D-App example, ED needs to get authorization to access the D-App and join D-App as an authentic device associated with the UE.
[0586] This invention resolves the above issues.
[0587] The ED has no subscription in the mobile network and ED needs to register as an ED associated with UE to use one or more network services, such as connectivity services, and D-App (D-User and D-XR) applications.
[0588] The ED accesses the network providing UE / D-App / D-User information and network verify access credentials from UE, D-User / D-App or from the UE profile in the network. In the first two cases, the UE, D-App or D-User provides the ED with the authentication keys prior to user access to the network. In the latter, the UE / D-App / D-User should have provided the network with the ED credentials and network should have registered the ED.
[0589] The main points of the invention are as at least of the follows.
[0590] -The functional architecture to support the operation of an ED (e.g. other UEs, sensors, actuators) associated with a P-User and a UE.
[0591] -Amethod to register an ED associated with a UE / P-User dynamically, initiated by the UE or D-User.
[0592] -Amethod to help a UE app (D-App) run in the network to collect data from EDs connected to the UE or P-User and control those EDs (when the ED also act as an actuator) .
[0593] -Amethod for the ED to connect to a visiting PLMN and obtain the services.
[0594] -Amethod to terminate the operation of an ED associated with a UE / P-User (e.g. network connection, operations related to the D-App including de-registration.
[0595] An overview of the procedure is provided below.
[0596] 1. The ED communicates with the UE to provide network registration assistance via a D2D interface (WiFi, Bluetooth, sidelink (e.g. PC5) of a mobile network) . The ED may provide an ED ID to the UE.
[0597] 2. The UE may request the network to register associated ED to access a certain network service, e.g. a DW service (e.g. D-User, D-XR) . The UE may provide the ED ID to the network.
[0598] 3. The network may provide UE with an ED registration certificate to register with the network. The ED registration certificate is valid within a certain time window, e.g. 10 minutes from the time the ED registration certificate is generated.
[0599] 4. The UE sends the ED registration certificate to the ED.
[0600] 5. The ED sends an ED network registration request to the network, including ED ID, ED capabilities, and ED registration certificate.
[0601] 6. The network receives the ED registration request. The network may send a request to the UE for verification (with ED ID) . The UE may send a response to verify that the ED ID is valid.
[0602] 7. If the ED ID is valid, the network creates a new ED subscription profile in DMF (e.g. UDM in 5G network) with the following information: ED ID, associated UE ID, allowed services that UE has requested in step 2.
[0603] 8. The network establishes security context for the ED.
[0604] 9. The network sends to the ED a registration response to complete the ED registration procedure.
[0605] After registration, the ED can access network to use subscribed services, such as D-User, D-XR as a normal UE.
[0606] FIG. 6 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a first apparatus such as an ED that is assisted by a second apparatus such as a UE for supporting in the network registration process. Both the UE and the ED represent any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such device as a terminal device, a WTRU, a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a STA, a MTC device, a PDA, a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or including the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. A method described herein, the UE and ED may be interpreted as one or more module (or units) in the UE and ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a SoC including a modem core, or SIP, and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the UE and ED. The difference between the UE and ED is that the UE has network subscription and can register to the network by itself. The ED initially does not have network subscription. Thus, the ED needs to the UE to support in the network registration process. For example, a home owner has a smart phone, which is the UE. The home owner buys a security camera, which is the ED. This security camera (ED) does not have a SIM card, does not have network subscription in advance. The home owner can use the UE to register the ED with the mobile network. Optionally, the first apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the first apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, a chip, a sensor, or an actuator) , which is not limited herein. The first apparatus could also be a whole device.
[0607] As shown in FIG. 6, the method may include the following steps.
[0608] S610, sending an ED network registration assistance request to a UE, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network.
[0609] S620, obtaining an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0610] In details, the first apparatus such as the ED can send the ED network registration assistance request to the UE and obtain the ED network registration assistance response from the UE. By sending the ED network registration assistance request to the UE, the ED can request the UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-App even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through the ED network registration assistance response obtained from the UE, the ED can know a result of the ED network registration assistance request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In some possible implementations, the ED may be, for example, a mobile device, a laptop, a tablet, or a computer. In some possible implementations, the ED may be a dedicated or non-dedicated sensor or actuator, or both. A dedicated sensor may be a device that is specifically designed to perform one or more sensing tasks. A dedicated actuator may be a device that is specifically designed to perform one or more actuating tasks. A non-dedicated sensor may be a device that has both sensing and non-sensing functions. A non-dedicated actuator may be a device that has both actuating and non-actuating functions. Certainly, ED can also be presented as other forms such as a communication module, or a chip, which is not limited herein. In this way, the ED can request the UE to provide network registration assistance and obtain from the UE some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0611] In some possible implementations, the ED network registration assistance request can include one or more of an ID of ED (i.e. an ED ID) , an indication that requests the UE to provide necessary information to register in a mobile network, and a SIM type of ED. The ED ID may be any identifiers for identifying the ED. The SIM type of ED indicates the type of SIM in the ED such as an embedded Subscriber Identity Module (eSIM) , or an Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card, or an integrated Subscriber Identity Module (iSIM) in the ED. The indication that requests the UE to provide necessary information to register in the mobile network may be a field / information element in the ED network registration assistance request or the ED network registration assistance request itself may imply the indication and can be used as the indication. In this way, through the parameters included in the ED network registration assistance request, the ED can enable the UE to get information required for assisting the ED in the network registration, such as which ED sends the request, what operation is requested, which SIM type the ED has. And based on the information, the UE can perform further operations to communicate with the network to get information required for the network registration of the ED thereby facilitating the registration of the ED with the network.
[0612] In some possible implementations, the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. And thus the ED network registration assistance response can include one or more of: an indication to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, an ED registration certificate for the ED, a register time window, and network registration information.
[0613] In details, under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED network registration assistance response may include the indication to inform the ED that the UE is allowed to assist the ED in network registration. In other words, a field / information element in the ED network registration assistance response can indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. Alternatively, the ED network registration assistance response itself can indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. The specific manner for the ED network registration assistance response to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network is not limited herein, the solutions of the present disclosure can use any manners to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0614] The ED network registration assistance response may include some information required for the ED to perform network registration, such as the ED registration certificate for the ED, the register time window for the ED registration certificate, and network registration information. The ED registration certificate is used for the ED to register with the network. The register time window indicates a time duration within which the ED registration certificate is valid. When the ED network registration assistance response includes both the ED registration certificate for the ED and the register time window, the ED registration certificate is valid within the register time window. The network registration information is for the ED to perform registration. The network registration information may be used by the ED to search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a connection with the AN, where the security parameters in the network registration information such as SIM software profile may be used for establishing a secured connection between the ED and AN. In this way, the ED can know from the response that the UE is allowed to provide network registration assistance for the ED and can get the required information for registering with the network.
[0615] In some possible implementations, the network registration information can include one or more of: a network assigned ED ID, a network assigned UE ID, a mobile network ID, security parameters, a DNN, network slice information, an ED limited registration area, and network policies. In details, the parameters included in the network registration information can support the ED to perform registration. For example, the mobile network ID and the security parameters may be used by the ED to establish a connection with the AN. The network assigned ED ID and the network assigned UE ID may be used for verification on the ED with the UE during network registration. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED can access to use network service (s) , such as D-User, D-XR, or other DW services, AI services. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. If the ED moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED may be blocked from accessing the network. Therefore, the ED can be supported to perform registration based on the network registration information.
[0616] In some possible implementations, the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. And thus the ED network registration assistance response can include one or more of an indication to indicate that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and a cause for indicating a reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. In details, under the circumstance that the UE cannot be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED network registration assistance response may include the indication to inform the ED that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. The indication can be a field / information element in the ED network registration assistance response or can be the ED network registration assistance response itself which is not limited herein. The ED network registration assistance response may include the cause indicating the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist the ED in the registration of the ED with the network. In this way, the ED can know the registration of the ED with the network has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0617] In some possible implementations, a connection between the ED and an AN is established, the ED can send an ED network registration request to a CMF via the AN, where the ED network registration request is used for registering with the network. And the ED can obtain an ED network registration response from the CMF via the AN, where the ED network registration response is used for indicating whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the connection between the ED and the AN has been established, by sending the ED network registration request to the CMF, the ED can request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED network registration response obtained from the CMF, the ED can know a result of the ED network registration request, in other words, the result about whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, the CMF can forward one or more parameters received in the ED network registration request to the SF. Then the SF can decide whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. If the registering with the network has been accepted, it means that the ED is allowed to register with the network, while if the registering with the network has been rejected, it means that the ED is not allowed to register with the network. In this way, the ED can request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0618] In some possible implementations, the ED network registration request can include one or more of: an ED registration certificate, a network assigned ED ID, an assisting UE ID, a registration type, a DNN, S-NSSAI, NSI, an ED ID, and an ED radio capability. The ED network registration request can include one or more parameters in the ED registration certificate response obtained from SF such as ED registration certificate, a network assigned ED ID, an assisting UE ID, a DNN, S-NSSAI. Meanwhile, the ED network registration request can also include one or more of: a registration type, NSI, an ED ID, an ED radio capability. In details, by including one or more of the above parameters into the ED network registration request, the ED can inform the network which ED desires to require which type of registration, which UE assists in the registration of the ED with the network and other parameters that can be used in network registration. And the ED can especially inform the network that the ED may still be registered with the network without prior subscription based on the ED registration certificate.
[0619] In some possible implementations, the registering with the network has been accepted, and thus the ED network registration response can include one or more of: an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been accepted, ED network policies, a CMF-generated unique ED ID, an ED limited registration area, allowed network slice information, an allowed DNN, a DNS address, and a list of application server addresses. In details, under the circumstance that the registering with the network has been accepted, the ED network registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the registering with the network has been accepted. The indication can be a field / information element in the ED network registration response or can be the ED network registration response itself which is not limited herein.. The ED network registration response may include some parameters that may be used for accessing the network and using network services. For example, The ED network policies may be one or more policies for the ED to access the allowed services of the network. The CMF-generated unique ED ID may be used to uniquely identify the ED. The ED limited registration area may indicate an area in which the ED can access the network service. The DNS address may be used to discover the address of application server hosted in a data network, e.g. the Internet, or in the mobile network. The list of application server address may be used to map application ID, service ID, and network address to access corresponding application or service. The application ID and / or service ID may be used to indicate which application, such as D-User, D-XR applications, the ED wants to access. In this way, the ED can know the registering with the network has been accepted and use the specific parameters in the ED network registration response to access network and use subscribed services, such as D-User, D-XR as a normal ED.
[0620] In some possible implementations, the registering with the network has been rejected, and thus the ED network registration response can include one or more of an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been rejected, and a cause for indicating a reason why the registering with the network has been rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the registering with the network has been rejected, the ED network registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the registering with the network has been rejected. The indication can be a field / information element in the ED network registration response or can be the ED network registration response itself which is not limited herein. The ED network registration response may include the cause indicating the reason why the registering with the network has been rejected. In this way, the ED can know the registering with the network has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the registering with the network has been rejected, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0621] The above describes a method for managing an ED associated with a user in terms of the first apparatus. Then a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described in terms of the second apparatus. In details, FIG. 7 shows another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by the second apparatus such as the UE. Optionally, the second apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the second apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip) , which is not limited herein. The second apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 7, the method may include the following steps.
[0622] S710, obtaining an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network.
[0623] S720, sending an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0624] In details, the second apparatus such as the UE can obtain the ED network registration assistance request from the ED and send the ED network registration assistance response to the ED. By obtaining the ED network registration assistance request from the ED, the UE can be requested by the ED to assist in the registration of the ED with the network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-App even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through the ED network registration assistance response sent to the ED, the UE can inform the ED a result of the ED network registration assistance request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In this way, the UE can be requested by the ED to provide network registration assistance and send the ED some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0625] The information included in the ED network registration assistance request and the ED network registration assistance response can be seen from implementation of FIG. 6 which is not repeated herein.
[0626] In some possible implementations, the UE can send an ED registration certificate request to a SF via one or more of an AN and a CMF, where the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED. The UE can obtain an ED registration certificate response from the SF via one or more of the CMF and the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the request the ED registration certificate for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0627] In details, if the UE sends the ED registration certificate request to the SF via the AN and the CMF, the UE may send the ED registration certificate request to the AN, then the AN forwards the ED registration certificate request to the CMF, after receiving the ED registration certificate request from the AN, the CMF may select the SF. The CMF may have local information about available SF instances that can be used to select the SF. Alternatively, the CMF may send a NF profile request to a NER to request SF profiles. The NER may send to the CMF a NF profile response, that contain one or more SF profiles that meet the requirements of CMF. The CMF may select one SF from the provided SF profiles. After that, The CMF may send the ED registration certificate request to the selected SF. The SF may verify whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. For example, the SF can perform the verification by sending a UE subscription request to the DMF so that the DMF can decide whether the UE has subscription to assist ED network registration and notify the SF of the verification result. Then the SF can generate a secured ED registration certificate for the ED under the circumstance that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED registration certificate response obtained from the SF, the UE can know a result of the ED registration certificate request, in other words, the result about whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the ED registration certificate request has been accepted, it means that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, while if the ED registration certificate request has been rejected, it means that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. And the UE may obtain the requested ED registration certificate under the result that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. In this way, the UE can provide network registration assistance and obtain from the network some information that may be required for subsequent network registration.
[0628] In some possible implementations, the ED registration certificate request can include one or more of a UE ID, a UE location, an ED ID, an ED current location, a SIM type of ED, an ED service location, and one or more ED requested network services. In details, through the parameters included in the ED registration certificate request, the SF can get information required for determining whether the UE can be allowed to assist the ED in the network registration, such as which UE assists in the registration of the ED with the network based on the UE ID, the UE location, which ED sends the request based on the ED ID, the ED current location, which location the ED will be in service based on the ED service location, which SIM type the ED has based on the SIM type of ED, and which network service (s) that the ED may be allowed to access based on the one or more ED requested network services. And based on the information, the SF can communicate with the DMF to verify whether the UE can be allowed to assist the ED in the network registration.
[0629] In some possible implementations, the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, and thus the ED registration certificate response can include one or more of: an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, the ED registration certificate, a register time window, and network registration information. In details, under the circumstance that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, the ED registration certificate response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted. The indication can be a field / information element in the ED registration certificate response or can be the ED registration certificate response itself which is not limited herein. The ED registration certificate response may include some information required for UE to assist the ED in network registration, such as the ED registration certificate, a register time window and network registration information, for the details of the ED registration certificate, the register time window and network registration information, reference can be made to the implementation of FIG. 6. After receiving the ED network registration certificate response, the UE sends the ED network registration assistance response to the UE, the ED network registration assistance response includes one or more of the ED registration certificate, a register time window and network registration information.
[0630] In some possible implementations, the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and thus the ED registration certificate response includes one or more of an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and a cause for indicating a reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected. The indication can be a field / information element in the ED registration certificate response or can be the ED registration certificate response itself which is not limited herein.. The ED registration certificate response may include the cause indicating the reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected. In this way, the UE can know the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0631] Furthermore, a method for managing an ED associated with a user is also described in terms of the third apparatus. In details, FIG. 8 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a third apparatus such as a CMF. Optionally, the third apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the third apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip, or any network element in the network) , which is not limited herein. The third apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 8, the method may include the following steps.
[0632] S810, obtaining an ED registration certificate request from a UE via an AN, where the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED.
[0633] S820, sending an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0634] In details, the third apparatus such as the CMF can obtain the ED registration certificate request from the UE and send the ED registration certificate response to the UE. By obtaining the ED registration certificate request from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request an ED registration certificate for the ED thereby knowing that the ED requests the UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network such as a mobile network for a limited network access such as interacting with a D-Apps even though the ED has no network subscription in the network. Through the ED registration certificate response sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the ED registration certificate request, in other words, the result about whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE can let the ED know whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In this way, with the help of the CMF, other NFs of the network can know that the ED tries to request the UE to provide network registration assistance and the ED may obtain from the network some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0635] For the details of the ED registration certificate request and the ED registration response, reference can be made to previous implementations.
[0636] In some possible implementations, the CMF can select a SF based on local information about available SF instances, where the SF is used for verifying whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. And in some possible implementations, the CMF can send a NF profile request to a NER, where the NF profile request is used for requesting SF profiles, and obtain a NF profile response from the NER, where the NF profile response is used for selecting a SF from the requested SF profiles. In some possible implementations, the NF profile request can include one or more of a NF type, an ED registration certificate service to be provided, a SIM type of ED, an ED current location, and an ED operation location. In some possible implementations, the NF profile response can include one or more SF profiles that meet the requirements of CMF. In details, after receiving the ED registration certificate request sent from the AN, the CMF may select the SF. The CMF may have local information about available SF instances that can be used to select the SF. Alternatively, the CMF may send the NF profile request to the NER to request SF profiles. The NER may send to the CMF the NF profile response, that contain one or more SF profiles that meet the requirements of CMF. The CMF may select one SF from the provided SF profiles. In this way, because the SF may be selected in different manners such as by the CMF or NER, different application scenarios can be adapted thereby expanding the applicability of method for managing the ED associated with the user.
[0637] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send the ED registration certificate request to a SF, and obtain the ED registration certificate response from the SF. In details, by sending the ED registration certificate request to the SF, the SF may verify whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network so that the SF may generate a secured ED registration certificate for the ED under the circumstance that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED registration certificate response obtained from the SF, the CMF can know a result of the ED registration certificate request, in other words, the result about whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected, and may obtain the requested ED registration certificate under the result that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected. In this way, with the help of the CMF, the UE can determine whether it can provide network registration assistance and may obtain from the network some information that may be required for subsequent network registration such as the ED registration certificate.
[0638] In some possible implementations, a connection between the ED and an AN is established, the CMF can obtain an ED network registration request from the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration request is used for registering with the network. And the CMF can send an ED network registration response to the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration response is used for indicating whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the connection between the ED and the AN has been established, by obtaining the ED network registration request from the ED, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network. Through the ED network registration response sent to the ED, the CMF can inform the ED a result of the ED network registration request, in other words, the result about whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request the network to perform the registration of the ED with the network and send a processing result in response to the request.
[0639] For the details of the ED network registration request and the ED network registration response, reference can be made to previous implementations.
[0640] FIG. 9 shows a schematic flowchart of a procedure for an ED to perform network registration with UE assistance according to one or more example implementations as described in FIGs. 6-8 of the present disclosure, where a procedure to allow an ED 91 without prior subscription to register with the network with UE assistance is illustrated in FIG. 9. There are two main phases. In phase 1, from steps 901 to 908, the ED 91 may request the UE 92 to provide network registration assistance. The UE 92 then gets the network information and sends the network information to the ED 91 for registration. In phase 2, from steps 909 to 923, the ED 91 uses the network information received from the UE 92 to perform network registration.
[0641] Step 901: The ED 91 and UE 92 may establish a connection to exchange information. The connection may be a wireless connection such as Bluetooth, WiFi, or sidelink of a mobile network. The connection may be a wired connection, such as by using Ethernet network.
[0642] Step 902: The ED 91 may send an ED network registration assistance request to the UE 92. The message may include a unique ID of ED 91 (or ED ID) , an indication that request the UE 92 to provide necessary information to register in a mobile network, SIM type of ED 91. The ED ID could be one or more International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) , and Permanent Equipment Identifier (PEI) . The SIM type of ED 91 may be an eSIM, or an Embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card, or an iSIM in the ED 91.
[0643] Step 903a: The UE 92 may send an ED Registration certificate request to a NF, e.g. CMF 94, via the AN 93. The message may include one or more of parameters: UE ID, ED ID, ED current location, SIM type of ED 91, ED service location, ED requested network service (s) . The UE ID is to identify the UE 92 that supports ED 91 with ED ID to register with the network. The ED requested network service (s) include the network service (s) that the ED 91 may be allowed to access. The ED requested network service may be represented by application ID, service ID, DNN, network slice ID such as S-NSSAI, or any combination thereof. For example, the service ID could represent a D-User service, a D-XR service, DT service, metaverse service, voice service, video service. The ED service location may indicate the location that ED 91 will be in service. The ED current location and ED service location may be represented by one or more of a civic address, cell ID, geographic zone ID, tracking area ID.
[0644] Step 903b: The AN 93 may forward the ED registration certificate request to the CMF 94. The AN 93 may include UE location, such as AN address, cell ID that is serving the ED 91.
[0645] Step 903c: After receiving the message sent from the AN 93 in step 903b, the CMF 94 may select an SF 95. The CMF 94 may have local information about available SF instances that can be used to select an SF 95. Alternatively, the CMF 94 may send a NF profile request to the NER to request SF profiles. The NF profile request may include one or more of following parameters: NF type, which is SF in this case, the ED registration certificate service to be provided, SIM type of ED 91, the ED current location, the ED service location. The NER may send to the CMF 94 a NF profile response, that contain one or more SF profiles that meet the requirements of CMF 94. The CMF 94 may select one SF 95 from the provided SF profiles.
[0646] Step 903d: The CMF 94 may send an ED registration certificate request to the selected SF 95. The message may include one or more of parameters received in step 903b.
[0647] Step 904: The SF 95 may verify whether the UE 92 is allowed to assist the ED 91 to perform ED network registration. The SF 95 may send a UE subscription request to the DMF 96. The message may include one or more of UE ID, an indication that the UE 92 is requesting to assist an ED 91 for network registration.
[0648] Step 905a: If the DMF 96 does not have the UE subscription data, the DMF 96 may send a get UE subscription request to the DSF 97. The message may include one or more of UE ID, an indication to get the whole UE subscription data, and an indication to get a part of UE subscription data that may indicate whether the UE 92 has subscription to assist ED network registration.
[0649] Step 905b: The DSF 97 may send a get UE subscription response to the DMF 96. The message may include the UE subscription data that the DMF 96 requested in step 905a. For example, the message may include the whole UE subscription data record, or a part of UE subscription record that includes the subscription data related to assisting ED network registration.
[0650] Step 906: The DMF 96 may receive the UE subscription data from the DSF 97. The DMF 96 may decide whether the UE 92 has subscription to assist ED network registration.
[0651] The DMF 96 may send a UE subscription response to the SF 95. The message may indicate whether the UE subscription allows the UE 92 to assist ED 91 in network registration. The message may also indicate whether the ED registration certificate request is accepted or rejected if the UE subscription does not allow the UE 92 to assist ED 91 in network registration. If the ED 91 is allowed to access the network, the DMF 96 may include one or more of following parameters: network assigned ED ID, network assigned UE ID, mobile network ID, (e.g. public land mobile network (PLMN) ID, network ID (NID) ) network slice information (e.g. NSSAI, S-NSSAI (s) ) , ED limited registration area, network policies that the ED 91 may use to register and access the network, and a register time window. The ED limited registration area parameter is to limit the service area / registration area of ED 91. If the ED 91 moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED 91 cannot access the network. The DMF 96 may generate a network assigned ED ID for the ED 91 to perform network registration. The DMF 96 may store these parameters and UE ID in the DSF 97 for the register time window, e.g. 10 minutes. The register time window may be indicated by one or more of following parameters: a start time, an end time, a duration. After the register time window expires, if the ED 91 does not perform network registration, the DMF 96 may delete all the information related to the ED 91. The network assigned UE ID and network assigned ED ID may be used by the UE 92 and ED 91 later in order to protect the permanent UE ID and ED ID. The ED limited registration area is to limit the registration area of ED 91. If the ED 91 moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED 91 cannot access the network.
[0652] Step 907a: The SF 95 receives the ED subscription response from the DMF 96. If the UE subscription allows the UE 92 to assist ED 91 in network registration, or the DMF 96 provided accept indication, the SF 95 may generate a secured ED registration certificate for the ED 91. The SF 95 may generate a SIM software profile to be used by the SIM of ED 91. Alternatively, the SF 95 may also get a SIM software profile from OAM. The SF 95 may send an ED registration certificate response to the CMF 94. The message may contain the secured ED registration certificate for the ED 91, SIM software profile, register time window so that the ED 91 can use this certificate within this register time window, a network registration information. The message may contain a reject indication if the UE 92 is not authorized to support ED network registration. The network registration information may include parameters to support ED 91 performs registration, which may include one or more of following parameters: network assigned ED ID, network assigned UE ID, mobile network ID, (e.g. public land mobile network (PLMN) ID, network ID (NID) ) , security parameters (e.g. SIM software profile) , DNN, network slice information (e.g. NSSAI, S-NSSAI (s) ) , ED limited registration area, network policies. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED 91 can access to use network service (s) , such as D-User, D-XR, or other DW services, AI services. The ED 91 may use the network registration information to perform network registration. The SF 95 may store all the information that sent to the ED 91 in an accessible memory for the duration of register time window. After the register time window expires, if the SF 95 does not receive any message related to this ED 91, the SF 95 may remove all the stored information related to the ED 91.
[0653] In some implementation, the DMF 96 may not generate neither network assigned ED ID nor network assigned UE ID, or both. In this case, the SF 95 may generate either network assigned ED ID or network assigned UE ID, or both.
[0654] Step 907b: The CMF 94 may forward the ED registration response message to the AN 93.
[0655] Step 907c: The AN 93 may forward the ED registration response message to the UE 92.
[0656] Step 908: The UE 92 receives the ED registration certificate response message from the AN 93. The UE 92 may send an ED network registration assistance response to the ED 91. If the UE 92 receives the reject indication in ED registration certificate response, the UE 92 sends a reject indication in the ED network registration response to inform the ED 91 that the UE 92 is not allowed to support the ED 91 in network registration. Other remaining steps can be skipped.
[0657] If the ED registration certificate response includes the ED registration certificate, the UE 92 sends all the information received in the ED registration certificate response message to the ED 91.
[0658] Step 909: By using the network information received in step 908, such as PLMN ID, NID, and SIM software profile, the ED 91 may search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a connection with the AN 93. The security parameters received in step 908 may be used to establish the secured connection between the ED 91 and AN 93.
[0659] Step 910: After establishing connection with the AN 93, the ED 91 may send an ED network registration request to the AN 93. The message may include one or more parameters received in step 908 and other parameters, including ED registration certificate, network assigned ED ID, assisting UE ID (e.g. the network assigned UE ID) , registration type, DNN, S-NSSAI, NSI, ED ID (e.g. PEI, IMSI) , ED Radio Capability (may be represented by ED Radio Capability ID) . The registration type may be set to “Registration without subscription” type, which indicates that the network may not have the ED subscription information. The ED registration certificate information may be used by the CMF 94 to understand that the ED 91 may still be registered with the network without prior subscription.
[0660] Step 911: The AN 93 may forward the ED network registration request message received from ED 91 to the CMF 94.
[0661] Step 912: The CMF 94 may receive the ED network registration request message received from ED 91. The CMF 94 may need to verify whether the ED 91 can perform registration in the network. The CMF 94 may send an ED verification request to the SF 95. The message may include some parameters received from the ED 91 in step 908, including network assigned ED ID, ED ID, assisting UE ID, ED registration certificate.
[0662] Step 913a: After receiving the ED verification request message in step 909, the SF 95 may use the assisting UE ID to identify the UE ID that provides support for the ED 91. The UE ID has been stored in step 904a. The SF 95 may send an ED registration verification request towards the UE 92, via the CMF 94 and the AN 93. The message may include one or more of network assigned ED ID, ED ID, and a request for verification whether the UE 92 is assisting the ED 91 to perform network registration.
[0663] Step 913b: The UE 92 may receive the ED registration verification request and check local information, such as network assigned ED ID, and ED ID. If the ED information is valid, the UE 92 may send an ED registration verification response towards the SF 95, via the AN 93 and CMF 94.
[0664] In some implementation, the SF 95 may use the information received in step 909 to verify whether the ED 91 is allowed to register with the network. Steps 913a and 913b may be not used.
[0665] Step 914: The SF 95 may send to the CMF 94 an ED verification response. If the ED information is valid, the SF 95 may include an accept indication. Otherwise, the SF 95 may include a reject indication.
[0666] Step 915: If the CMF 94 receives an accept indication in the ED verification response, the CMF 94 may establish security mechanisms between the ED 91 and AN 93, between the ED 91 and CMF 94. Step 915 may involve message exchanges among ED 91, AN 93, CMF 94, SF 95, DMF 96, and some other network functions if needed.
[0667] Step 916: The CMF 94 may select a DMF 96 to manage the ED subscription data. One or more of following methods may be used to select the DMF 96.
[0668] -The CMF 94 may use local information about available DMF instances.
[0669] -The SF 95 may notify CMF 94 about the DMF ID that has been selected by the SF 95 in other steps.
[0670] -The CMF 94 may send a NF profile request to the NER. The message may include the NF type, which is DMF 96, the required service (which indicates handling ED 91 without subscription data) , and service area. The NER may send a NF profile response to the CMF 94. The message may include one or more NF profiles of DMF 96. The CMF 94 may select one DMF 96 from the provided DMF profiles.
[0671] Step 917: The CMF 94 may send an ED data management request to the DMF 96. The message may include one or more parameters received from the ED 91 in step 9011, including ED registration certificate, network assigned ED ID, assisting UE ID (e.g. the network assigned UE ID) , registration type, ED limited registration area, DNN, S-NSSAI, NSI, ED ID (e.g. PEI, IMSI) , ED Radio Capability. The CMF 94 may use the assisting UE ID to identify the UE ID.
[0672] Step 918: The DMF 96 may create an ED subscription record that includes all the received information, assisting UE ID (UE ID) , and all the information that has been created by the DMF 96 at other steps.
[0673] Step 919a: The DMF 96 may send an ED data storage request to the DSF 97. The message may include the ED subscription record.
[0674] Step 919b: The DSF 97 may store the received ED subscription record. The DSF 97 may send an ED data storage response to the DMF 96 to acknowledge the storage of ED subscription data.
[0675] Step 920: The DMF 96 may send to the CMF 94 an ED data management response to acknowledge the receipt of message in step 917.
[0676] Step 921a: The CMF 94 may send an ED policy request to the PF 98. The message may include the ED ID (such as network assigned ED ID, IMSI, PEI) , DNN, network slice information, policy request for ED 91 without subscription indication, application ID (such as DW application, D-User application, D-XR application) , service ID (such as DW service, D-User service, D-XR service) .
[0677] Step 921b: The PF 98 may generate one or more ED network policies for the ED 91 that allows the ED 91 to access the allowed services of the network. The PF 98 may send an ED policy response to the CMF 94 that includes the ED network policies.
[0678] Step 922: The CMF 94 may send an ED network registration response to the UE 92 via AN 93. The message may include one or more of following parameters: an indication of network registration has been accepted or rejected, and ED network policies, CMF-generated unique ED ID, ED limited registration area (the area that the ED 91 can access the network service, if the ED limited registration area is not provided by the DMF 96) , allowed network slice information (e.g. NSSAI, NSI, S-NSSAI (s) ) , allowed DNN, DNS address (to discover address of application server) , list of application server addresses (e.g. to map application ID, service ID, and network address to access corresponding application or service) .
[0679] Step 923: The AN 93 may forward the ED 91 network registration response to the ED 91.
[0680] After receiving the ED network registration response, the ED 91 can use the received parameters in this message to access network and use subscribed services, such as D-User, D-XR as a normal UE. If the ED 91 is no longer need to access the network service, the ED 91 may perform network de-registration as other UEs. When the ED 91 access and use the allowed network services, all the charging may be assigned to the UE account. If the ED 91 moves outside the ED limited registration area, the ED 91 may be blocked from accessing the network. This may be specified in the UE policy or the new ED policy.
[0681] The ED may use the CMF-generated ED ID, instead of ED ID, when communicating with the network later to protect the real ED ID. For example, when the ED request to establish a data session with a data network, the ED may provide the CM-generated ED ID in the data session establishment request message.
[0682] In some implementations, the DMF 96 may generate a network-assigned ED ID and send it to the CMF 94 in step 920. The CMF 94 may send the network-assigned ED ID to the ED 91 in the ED network registration response in step 922. The ED 91 may use the network-assigned ED ID, instead of ED ID, when communicating with the network to protect the real ED ID.
[0683] In some implementations, the ED ID may be a 5G Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) . In some implementations, the CMF-generated ED ID or network-assigned ED ID may be a Subscription Concealed Identifier (SUCI) . In some other implementations, the CMF-generated ED ID or network-assigned ED ID may be a 5G Globally Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) .
[0684] In some possible implementations, the UE may obtain registration certificate for ED registration for a D-App, thereby the solutions for the ED associated with the UE to register with the network and interact with the D-App are further introduced. The EDs may be connected with a D-App using UE as a relay. E. g. home equipment connected to the network. In another case, these EDs may be connected to a D-App individually by using a non-3GPP network, such as WiFi, to connect with the D-Apps.
[0685] From the aspect of the first apparatus such as the ED, in some possible implementations, the ED can send an ED registration request to a CMF via an AN, where the ED registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a D-App. And the ED can obtain an ED registration response from the CMF via the AN, where the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In details, by sending the ED registration request to the CMF, the ED can request to register with the network and interact with the D-App. Through the ED registration response obtained from the CMF, the ED can know a result of the ED registration request, in other words, the result about whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, it means that the UE is allowed to register with the network and interact with the D-App, while if the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, it means that the UE is not allowed to register with the network and interact with the D-App. In this way, the ED can request to register with the network and interact with the D-App such as joining a particular D-App operation and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0686] In some possible implementations, the ED registration request can include one or more of a UE ID of the assisting UE, one or more of ID and address of D-App that the ED is associated with, ED identification credentials for UE, identification credentials for D-App, a registration type, a DNN, S-NSSAI, NSI, a network-ED ID, an ED radio capability, and an ED registration certificate. In details, through the parameters included in the ED registration request, the ED can enable the network to get information that may be required for network registration and D-App registration of the ED. For example, the UE ID of the assisting UE can be an assisting UE ID for identifying the assisting UE, the ID and / or address of D-App that the ED is associated with can be a D-App ID, the ED identification credentials for UE can be a UE-ED ID and / or an ED-Verification-tag for UE, and the identification credentials for D-App can be a D-App-ED ID and / or an ED verification tag for D-App. One or more of the above parameters may be used for verification during registration. The registration type indicates which type of registration the ED desires to request, and in this implementation, the service type may, for example, indicate that the network requires to obtain the D-App and / or UE authorization for registration and this connection is limited only to D-App related operations. Especially, the ED registration certificate indicates to the network that the ED may still be registered with the network and interacted with the D-App without prior subscription.
[0687] In some possible implementations, the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and thus the ED can send a connection to D-App request to a CMF via an AN. The connection to D-App request is used for requesting a connection to the D-App, wherein one or more parameters in the ED registration response can be provided in the request for assisting the connection to D-App. Then the ED may obtain a connection to D-App response from the CMF via the AN, where the connection to D-App response is used for indicating whether the connection to D-App request has been accepted or rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, by sending the connection to D-App request to the CMF, the ED can request the connection to the D-App. Through the connection to D-App response obtained from the CMF, the ED can know a result of the connection to D-App request, in other words, the result about whether the connection to D-App request has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the connection to D-App request has been accepted, it means that the ED is accepted to access D-App, while if the connection to D-App request has been rejected, it means that the ED is rejected to access D-App. In this way, the ED can request the connection to the D-App and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0688] From the aspect of the third apparatus such as the CMF, in some possible implementations, the CMF can obtain an ED registration request from the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a D-App. And the CMF can send an ED registration response to the ED via the AN, where the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by obtaining the ED registration request from the ED, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request to register with the network and interact with the D-App. Through the ED registration response sent to the ED, the CMF can inform the ED a result of the ED registration request, in other words, the result about whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request to register with the network and interact with the D-App such as joining a particular D-App operation and send a processing result in response to the request.
[0689] In order to illustrate the solutions of UE obtaining registration certificate for ED registration for a D-App in details, an implementation shown in FIGs 10A to 10C are presented herein. FIG. 10A shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration to support a D-App operation according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. It is worth noting that this implementation and subsequent implementations are related to a UE associated with a D-App running inside the network. The implementations provide methods for an ED associated with the UE to register with a network and interact with the D-App (e.g. as a sensor or / and an actuator) . The UE or the D-App may obtain a registration certificate (e.g. eSIM) from a NF (e.g. OAM) for the ED to access the network and interact with the D-App.
[0690] Once the UE agrees to support the ED to access the D-App, the D-App may send required software to be installed in the UE and the software needed for the ED.
[0691] A description of the D-App installation and how the ED joins the D-App is provided below. The D-App may be installed for two purposes:
[0692] -3rd party D-App: A network function informs the availability of the D-App to the users or to specific set of users (e.g. in a particular geographical area) . It may also happen that the D-app may inform the D-User, and the D-User may inform the P-User according to some UE policies. Then, the P-User would decide whether to subscribe to the D-App or not, and the subscription may be done through its UE. Optionally, a D-User may subscribe to the D-app service based on the policy established in the D-User related to such applications and inform the UE.
[0693] The application details may include the user data handling policies which may include the user privacy and security related considerations. For example, the D-App may have been created inside an isolated container such as a trusted execution environment (TEE) . The user may be provided with such information. In addition, requirements for the ED capabilities, the types of the EDs required and other parameters may be indicated.
[0694] Once the UE subscribes to the D-App and agrees to the requirements, the user may now register its associated EDs to the D-App.
[0695] -User installed D-App: The D-App software is installed by the D-User, UE or UE’s local network for P-User’s purpose. Examples include home control and personal health applications. In this case, the D-User / UE may be informed by the user to install a D-App software, either from a corresponding application site or the UE might provide the software to the D-User. Once installed, the D-User contacts the user to register its EDs and user could agree to participate in the D-User operations. (If the D-App requires to connect to the other UEs for operation, the UE may inform about the other UEs) .
[0696] The UE may first subscribe for the service ‘UE Authorized Registration of EDs’ (UAR service) . After that the UE may inform the network when the UE needs to register a new ED to the network. The ED may join the network to support either the D-App or an application running in the UE to assist as a remote ED.
[0697] In this implementation, the UE may obtain a registration certificate for the ED to access the network with assistance from the D-App. The registration is done as an authentic subscriber for the D-App. After obtaining the registration certificate, the ED may access the network and request the network to register the ED as an associated ED of the UE if the UE authorizes the ED to be its associated ED. The UE may identify one or more of a D-App that the ED may access or be associate with. The network may check the UE and ED subscription and contact the UE to obtain authorization from the UE. The D-App may also authorize the ED as a valid associated ED because UE has already provided the D-App with the ED credentials and other information. The following procedure describes more detailed steps with different possible modifications.
[0698] Pre-condition:
[0699] -AUE already registered with the network. The UE wants to add an ED associated with the UE to a D-App running in the network, in the UE or in the UE’s local network. The D-App may obtain the data from the ED (e.g. as a sensor ED) and / or provide operation instructions to the ED (e.g. as an actuator ED) .
[0700] -The D-App may be installed inside a platform such as NET4DW or D-User. If the D-app is not already installed, the installation of the D-App may be done either by a network function in the network or by a D-User function that downloads a software from the D-App development organization. If the D-App installation in the network is done by the D-User, the UE may have requested D-User to install the D-App.
[0701] -The ED has network access capability, e.g. by a wireless access network interface or wired interface, but the ED has no subscription to use the network service.
[0702] The following is a brief description of the steps for the implementation as shown in FIGs. 10A to 10C.
[0703] -The UE may have subscription for the ED registration certificate (EDRC) service provisioning. The UE may obtain a registration certificate for ED to use the network and may join a particular D-App operation.
[0704] -When the UE wants to authorize an ED to obtain a registration certificate (e.g. eSIM) , the UE provides the ED-ID and other details to the network. If the ED needs to interact with a D-App that the user has an association, the UE may provide D-app related information to the network.
[0705] -The UE may provide the network with ED information and D-app information to obtain a registration certificate for the ED.
[0706] -The ED may attempt to register to the network. The network may obtain authorization from the UE and / or D-App and registers the ED as an associated device of the UE and D-App.
[0707] The following provides detailed descriptions of the method for ED registration.
[0708] Step 1001: This step consists of three steps 1001a, 1001b, and 1001c. More detailed descriptions of these three steps are provided in FIG. 10C.
[0709] Step 1001a: The UE 102 may subscribe for user ED registration service provided by the network. The UE 102 may provide service type ID for this purpose along with the UE ID.
[0710] Step 1001b: The UE 102 may subscribe to a D-App 105 to provide its ED information, or to obtain instructions on its ED operations. The UE 102 may provide UE-ID to the D-App 105.
[0711] Step 1001c: The UE 102 may add an ED 101 as an associated device for the D-App 105. The UE 102 may obtain a registration certificate (e.g. eSIM) from the network for the ED 101 by sending a registration request message. The message may include ED identification verification credentials for the UE 102 (UE-ED ID and associated ED verification tag) and for the D-App 105 (D-App-ED ID and associated ED verification tag) .
[0712] Step 1002: The ED 101 and UE 102 may communicate with each other so that the ED 101 may get the registration certificate information of the mobile network that the ED 101 may need to register. The ED 101 may store the network information (PLMN ID, NID) , and the UE information, e.g. UE ID and authorization keys for UE 102 to authorize the ED request for registration. The keys may be blockchain keys. The UE 102 may provide specific software for the ED 101 to access the network, e.g., AI-based software. Note that the provided software may be at the cloud, edge or a network node. In this case, the UE 102 may provide the address (e.g., IP address) and any additional credentials to access the software.
[0713] This step may be performed in the ED 101 by using a specific software received from the UE 102 with UE credentials and the network information to access the network, ID verification credentials to communicate with the UE 102 and the D-App 105. In addition, the UE 102 may transfer some necessary software to the ED 101 so that the ED 101 may use to communicate with the D-App 105 for some tasks, e.g. sensing and communication instructions, and actuator control instructions.
[0714] The ED 101 may provide capability, preferred communication mode and / or other information to the UE 102.
[0715] Step 1002 may be implemented in some ways. For example, in one implementation, the UE 102 may send the network information to the ED 101 as discussed early. Then the ED 101 may send a confirmation to receive the network information. In another implementation, the ED 101 may send a request to the UE 102 to get the network information. Then the UE 102 may send the network information as described to the ED 101.
[0716] Step 1003: The ED 101 may access the network and complete RRC setup procedure using the network information received in step 1002, such as PLMN ID, NID. The ED 101 may first search for radio signal of the mobile network and establish a radio connection with the AN 103. The security parameters received in step 1002 may be used to establish the secure connection between the ED 101 and AN 103.
[0717] Step 1004: The ED 101 may send an ED registration request message to the network for network registration and D-App registration. The message may contain one or more of following parameters: UE ID of the assisting UE 102 (assisting UE ID) , the ID / address of D-App 105 (D-App ID) that the ED 101 may be associated with, ED identification credentials for UE 102 (UE-ED ID and / or ED-Verification-tag for UE 102) , and identification credentials for D-App 105 (D-App-ED ID and / or ED verification tag for D-App 105) . The message may also include one or more parameters received in step 1002 and other parameters, including registration type, DNN, S-NSSAI, NSI, Network-ED ID (e.g. PEI, IMSI) , ED Radio Capability (may be represented by ED Radio Capability ID) . The registration type may be set to “Registration for D-App” type, which indicates that the network requires to obtain the D-App and / or UE authorization for registration and this connection is limited only to D-App 105 related operations. The ED registration certificate information may be used by a NF, e.g. the CMF 104, to identify that the ED 101 may be registered with the network without prior subscription.
[0718] Step 1005: The AN 103 may forward the ED registration request to the CMF 104. The message may include one or more parameters received from the ED 101, and ED location. The ED location may be one or more of following information: cell ID of the AN node, a civic address of the ED 101.
[0719] Step 1006a: The CMF 104 may select a suitable DMF 108 to obtain more subscription information related to the UE 102 and ED 101. The CMF 104 may send a message to the DMF 108 to verify whether the assisting UE 102 has subscribed for the associated ED registration service. This message may include UE ID and UE-ED ID, the region / area from where the ED 101 may send the request to see whether the ED 101 is in the service area for which the subscription is requested for, D-App ID, service type ID.
[0720] Step 1006b: The DMF 108 may send to the CMF 104 the UE subscription information that may include one or more of following parameters: whether the UE 102 has subscription for the associated ED registration service, whether the service area / region the ED 101 is allowed to connect, an indication indicating whether the ED 101 may be associated with the D-App 105. The CMF 104 may verify that the UE 102 has subscription to support the ED 101 in network registration.
[0721] Step 1007: The CMF 104 may verify one or more of following tasks: whether the ED 101 can perform network registration, whether the UE 102 is associated with the D-App 105, whether the UE 102 can authorize the ED 101 to be an associated ED of the D-App 105. The CMF 104 may send the UE ID to the SF 107 to verify the ED credentials with assisting UE 102 and the D-App 105 and to authenticate the ED 101 once UE 102 and / or D-App 105 provide authorization. This message may include one or more parameters provided in step 1004 by the ED 101 and other parameters such as D-App verification requirements.
[0722] Step 1008: After receiving the ED verification and authentication request message in step 1007, the SF 107 may use the assisting UE ID to identify the UE ID that provides support for the ED 101. If the UE 102 is in idle state, the SF 107 may trigger a paging so that the UE 102 may switch to active state to communicate with the network. The check for the UE state and paging are performed with the assistance of the CMF 104. The detailed procedure is shown in FIG. 10B, where FIG. 10B shows a schematic flowchart of a procedure for UE paging according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0723] Step 1008a: The SF 107 may send an ED registration request to the UE 102 to verify the ID of the assisting UE 102. The message may include UE ID as the ID of assisting UE 102.
[0724] Step 1008b: The CMF 104 may check the UE ID of assisting UE 102 if a pseudo ID is used for the communications between the ED 101 and UE 102.
[0725] Step 1008c: The CMF 104 may know the UE connection state (e.g. active state, idle state) . The CMF 104 may also send a UE status query to the AN 103 to check whether the UE 102 is idle or not. The message may include the UE ID. In some implementations, the CMF 104 may obtain the UE connection state information by sending the UE status query message to the D-App 109.
[0726] Step 1008d: The CMF 104 may receive a UE status response from the AN 103. The message may include the UE state (e.g. active state, idle state) , and other parameters. The CMF 104 may use the UE connection state information to determine actions in the next step. If the query was sent to a D-App 105, the D-App 105 may also provide predicted results, e.g., ‘UE is in idle state now but will be in active state in 5 minutes’ .
[0727] Step 1008e: The CMF 104 may trigger the UE paging process if the UE 102 is in idle state. Alternatively, the CMF 104 may wait till UE 102 becomes active and may receive messages from the AN 103, D-App 105 or any other network entity.
[0728] The UE 102 may send an ED registration response to the CMF 104. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE state indicator, UE capability update.
[0729] Step 1008f: The CMF 104 may process the received data of the UE 102 (e.g. store the UE connection state, UE capability update) . The CMF 104 may forward one or more received parameters to the SF 107 after paging or establishing communications with the UE 102.
[0730] Step 1009a: The SF 107 may send an ED registration verification request towards the UE 102, via one or more of the CMF 104 and the AN 103. The message may include one or more of following parameters: network-ED ID, UE-ED ID, and a request for verification whether the UE 102 is assisting the ED 101 to perform network registration, and the UE capability is compatible with the D-App 105 and / or UE requirements.
[0731] Step 1009b: The AN 103 may forward the ED registration verification request to the UE 102.
[0732] Step 1009c: The UE 102 may receive the ED registration verification request which may include one or more of following parameters: network-ED ID, UE-ED ID, the ED identification parameters and associated D-App details. If the network-ED ID, UE-ED ID and the ED identification information is valid, the UE 102 may send an ED registration verification response towards the SF 107, via one or more of the AN 103 and CMF 104.
[0733] Step 1009d: The AN 103 may forward the ED registration verification response to the SF 107. The message may be sent via the CMF 104.
[0734] In some implementations, the SF 107 may use the information received in step 1007 and step 1001c to verify whether the ED 101 is allowed to register with the network. Steps 1009a, 1009b, 1009c and 1009d may not be used in those implementations.
[0735] Step 1010a: The SF 107 may send an ED registration verification request to D-App 105. The message may include one or more of network-ED ID, UE-ED ID, D-App-ED ID, D-App verification tag, and a request for verification whether the D-App 105 like to register the ED 101 as an associated ED device (e.g. sensor, another UE, actuator) related to the specified UE 102.
[0736] Step 1010b: The D-App 105 may receive the ED registration verification request. The D-App 105 may check the message contents against the D-App requirements and the information that the D-App 105 may have about the assisting UE 102 and the ED 101, such as network-ED ID, and D-App-ED ID, ED capability. If the ED information is valid, the D-App 105 may send an ED registration verification response to SF 107 to confirm that the ED 101 is authorized to use the D-App 105.
[0737] In some implementations, the SF 107 may use the information received in step 1007 and step 1001c to verify whether the ED 101 is allowed to register with the network and D-App 105. Steps 1010a and 1010b may not be used in that implementation.
[0738] Step 1011a: The SF 107 may send an authentication challenge message to the ED 101 via one or more of the CMF 104 and AN 103 to confirm the ED credentials, e.g., certificate received in step 1001c.
[0739] Step 1011b: The ED 101 may send an authentication challenge response to the SF 107 via one or more of the AN 103 and CMF 104. The SF 107 may evaluate the response from the ED 101 to prepare the message in Step 1012.
[0740] Step 1012: The SF 107 may send to the CMF 104 and ED verification and authentication response to respond to the message received in step 1007. If the ED information is valid, the SF 107 may include an accept indication. Otherwise, the SF 107 may include a reject indication.
[0741] Step 1013: This step may be implemented by using methods described in steps 916 to 921b of the above implementation as shown in FIG. 9 and described below.
[0742] If the received message from the SF 107 includes a reject indication, the CMF 104 may reject the ED request for network and D-App registration. Otherwise, the CMF 104 may get more information from the DMF 108 to register the ED 101 as an associated device of one or more of the UE 102 and D-App 105. The subscription data may be created by the DMF 108 which may include D-App-ED ID, network ED ID, assisting-UE-ID, how to charge for the ED services (e.g. network usage, D-App 105) as part of the assisting UE 102. The parameters may also include security parameters (e.g. SIM software profile) , DNN, network slice information (e.g. NSSAI, S-NSSAI (s) ) , ED limited registration area, and network policies. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED 101 can access to use network service (s) , such as D-User, D-XR, or other DW services, AI services. The ED 101 may use the subscription information (i.e. network registration information) to perform network registration. The CMF 104 may communicate with the PF 106 to obtain ED network policies for this purpose which may include the charging methods. The CMF 104 may establish the secure keys for future communications between D-App 105 and the ED 101 (what sensing need to be done, what data or triggers should be made to the D-App 105 and what actions the ED 101 should execute when the ED 101 acts as an actuator) .
[0743] Step 1014a: The CMF 104 may send an ED registration response to the ED 101 via the AN 103. The message may include one or more of following parameters: an indication of network registration has been accepted or rejected, and ED network policies. If the ED 101 is accepted to register with the network the message may include one or more of the mobile network ID (e.g. PLMN ID, NID) , and other network access details including the network registration information indicated in Step 1013. After the network registration is complete, the ED 101 can access the network to use subscribed services, such as D-App 105 or D-User 105.
[0744] Step 1014b: The AN 103 may forward the ED registration response to the ED 101.
[0745] The methods described in steps 1015 to 1020 are to connect the ED to its associated D-App, e.g. E-User, DW.
[0746] Step 1015: The ED 101 may request a connection to the D-App 105 by providing the parameters mentioned in Step 1014. The message may be sent to the CMF 104 via the AN 103.
[0747] Step 1016: The CMF 104 may request the DMF 108 to check the ED subscription details by providing the network registration information obtained in steps 1013 and 1014.
[0748] Step 1017: The DMF 108 may send the subscription check response comparing the registration information with its records.
[0749] Step 1018: If the ED subscription is accepted, the CMF 104 may send the ED request received in step 1015 to D-App 105, e.g. a D-User 105.
[0750] Step 1019: The D-App 105 may send an access request response, which may indicate whether the ED 101 is accepted or rejected to access D-App 105.
[0751] Step 1020: The network may take actions to connect the ED 101 with D-App 105. The communications may use the encryption keys created in step 1001c. The data connection between the ED 101 and D-App 105 may go through the CMF 104 or bypass the CMF 104. The D-App 105 and the ED 101 can start sending signaling messages or sensing data. The D-App 105 may provide control instructions to the ED 101 if the ED 101 has actuator functionality.
[0752] For the step 1001a, the UE 102 can register for ED registration service. Therefore, from the aspect of the second apparatus such as the UE, in some possible implementations, the UE can send a subscription request for ED registration service to a CMF via an AN, where the subscription request for ED registration service is used for requesting a subscription for ED registration service. And the UE can obtain a subscription response for ED registration service from the CMF via the AN, where the subscription response for ED registration service is used for indicating whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. In detail, by sending the subscription request for ED registration service to the CMF, the UE may request to subscribe for user ED registration service provided by the network. Through the subscription response for ED registration service obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the subscription request for ED registration service, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted, it means that the UE subscription allows the UE to assist the ED in network registration. If the subscription request for ED registration service has been rejected, it means that the UE subscription rejects the UE to assist the ED in network registration. In this way, the UE can be allowed to request registration of its associated ED, so that the ED can register with a network to interact with the D-App, D-User, or an application in the UE via the network.
[0753] In some possible implementations, the subscription request for ED registration service can include one or more of a subscription service type, a UE ID, UE new capabilities, and a specific D-App the subscription related to. In details, by including one or more of the above parameters into the subscription request for ED registration service, the UE can inform the network which ED desires to require which subscription service type based on the UE ID and the subscription service type as ‘ED Registration service (EDR) ’ , what UE new capabilities are based on the UE new capabilities, and which specific D-App is based on the specific D-App the subscription related to, thereby the network can determine whether the subscription request for ED registration service should be accepted or rejected based on the parameters.
[0754] In some possible implementations, the subscription response for ED registration service can include an indication to indicate whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. In details, because the subscription response for ED registration service may include the indication to inform the UE whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected, the UE can know a result of the subscription request for ED registration service, in other words the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as performing the network registration or requesting another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0755] From the aspect of the third apparatus such as the CMF, in some possible implementations, the CMF can obtain a subscription request for ED registration service from the UE via the AN, where the subscription request for ED registration service is used for requesting a subscription for ED registration service. And the CMF can send a subscription response for ED registration service to the UE via the AN, where the subscription response for ED registration service is used for indicating whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. In detail, by obtaining the subscription request for ED registration service from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request to subscribe for user ED registration service provided by the network. Through the subscription response for ED registration service sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the subscription request for ED registration service, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected. In this way, with the help of the CMF, the UE can be allowed to request registration of its associated ED, so that the ED can register with a network to interact with the D-App, D-User, or an application in the UE via the network.
[0756] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send an operator policy request to a PF, where the operator policy request is used to check UE capabilities. And the CMF can obtain an operator policy response from the PF, where the operator policy response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not. In details, by sending the operator policy request to the PF, the CMF can ask the PF to check UE capabilities. Through the operator policy response obtained from the PF, the CMF can know a result of the operator policy request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0757] In some possible implementations, the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and thus the CMF can send a user subscription update request to a DMF, where the user subscription update request is used to update UE subscription that includes an ED registration service subscription. And the CMF can obtain a user subscription update response from the DMF, where the user subscription update response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the user subscription update request. In details, under the circumstance that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by sending the user subscription update request to the DMF, the CMF can request to update UE subscription record. Through the user subscription update response, the CMF can know that the user subscription update request has been received and the UE subscription record has been updated.
[0758] Referring back to the step 1001b, the UE 102 can register with D-App 105. In order to enable the UE 102 to register with D-App 105, from the aspect of the second apparatus such as the UE, in some possible implementations, the UE can send a UE subscription request for D-App to a CMF via an AN, where the UE subscription request for D-App is used for subscribing to a D-App, then the UE may obtain a UE subscription response for D-App from the CMF via the AN, where the UE subscription response for D-App is used for indicating whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected. In details, by sending the UE subscription request for D-App to the CMF, the UE may request to subscribe to the D-App to provide its ED information, or to obtain instructions on its ED operations. Through the UE subscription response for D-App obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the UE subscription request for D-App, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, it means that the UE is allowed to subscribe to the D-App as an assisting UE, while if the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, it means that the UE is not allowed to subscribe to the D-App as an assisting UE. In this way, the UE may send the UE subscription request for D-App message to subscribe to the D-App as an assisting UE so that the ED may provide one or more of ED services, e.g. providing sensing services (e.g. for environment information) , actuator services (e.g. for home equipment control) , or both.
[0759] In some possible implementations, the UE subscription request for D-App can include one or more of a D-App-ID, and a D-App address. The D-App-ID is used for identifying the D-App. The D-App address indicates the network address of the D-App, such as an IP address and a port number. By including one or more of the above parameters into the UE subscription request for D-App, the UE can inform the network which D-App the ED desires to require.
[0760] In some possible implementations, the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, and the UE subscription response for D-App can include one or more of an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, a UE-D-App ID, and associated identification credentials. The UE-D-App ID is an ID of the UE when the UE communicates with the D-App so that the D-App can identify the UE. The UE may have one UE-D-App ID for each D-App. In details, under the circumstance that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, the UE subscription response for D-App may include the indication to inform the UE that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted. The UE subscription response for D-App may include some parameters that may be used for registering with the network and interacting with the D-App, such as a UE-D-App ID, and associated identification credentials.
[0761] In some possible implementations, the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and the UE subscription response for D-App includes one or more of an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and a cause for indicating a reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, the UE subscription response for D-App may include the indication to inform the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. The subscription request for the D-App may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected. In this way, the UE can know the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0762] From the aspect of the third apparatus such as the CMF, in some possible implementations, the CMF can obtain a UE subscription request for D-App from the UE via the AN, where the UE subscription request for D-App is used for subscribing to a D-App. And the CMF can send a UE subscription response for D-App to the UE via the AN, where the UE subscription response for D-App is used for indicating whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected. In details, by obtaining the UE subscription request for D-App from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request to subscribe to the D-App to provide its ED information, or to obtain instructions on its ED operations. Through the UE subscription response for D-App sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the UE subscription request for D-App, in other words, the result about whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected. In this way, through the CMF, the UE may send the UE subscription request for D-App message to subscribe to the D-App as an assisting UE so that the ED may provide one or more of ED services, e.g. providing sensing services (e.g. for environment information) , actuator services (e.g. for home equipment control) , or both.
[0763] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send a D-App authorization request to the D-App, where the D-App authorization request is used to check whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for a service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services. And the CMF can obtain a D-App authorization response from the D-App, where the D-App authorization response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services or not. In details, by sending the D-App authorization request to the D-App, the CMF can request the D-App to check whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE can assist the ED to access D-App services. Through the D-App authorization response obtained from the D-App, the CMF can know a result of the D-App authorization request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services or not.
[0764] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send a UE subscription update for D-App request to the DMF, where the UE subscription update for D-App request is used for indicating that the UE is an associated device for the D-App to obtain ED registrations service. And the CMF can obtain a UE subscription update for D-App response from the DMF, where the UE subscription update for D-App response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the UE subscription update for D-App request. In details, by sending the UE subscription update for D-App request to the DMF, the CMF can indicate that the UE is an associated device for the D-App to obtain ED registrations service. Through the UE subscription update for D-App response obtained from the DMF, the CMF can know that the UE subscription update for D-App request has been received, and can obtain some parameters for further network registration.
[0765] FIG. 10C shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration with UE authorization according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure, where FIG. 10C shows details of steps 1001a, 1001b, 1001c of implementation as shown in FIGs. 10A to 10B, and describes ED registration with UE authorization.
[0766] In details, the pre-requisite is that UE 102 is already registered with a network.
[0767] Step 1001a of FIG. 10A for UE subscription for ED registration service (steps 10001 to 10007 of FIG. 10C) :
[0768] Step 10001: The UE 102 may send a subscription request for ‘ED registration service’ to the CMF 104 via the AN 103 which may allow the UE 102 or user to request registration of its associated ED 101, and to register with a network to interact with a D-App 105, D-User 105, or an application in the UE 102 via the network. The message may include the subscription service type as ‘ED Registration service (EDR) ’ and provides UE ID and UE new capabilities (e.g. for automatic authorization of a known ED given ED credentials by the network) and if any specific D-App 105 the subscription related to.
[0769] Step 10002: The AN 103 may forward the subscription request for ED registration service to the CMF 104.
[0770] Step 10003: The CMF 104 may send an operator policy request to the PF 106 to check UE capabilities, e.g. automatic authorization of a known ED given the ED credentials. The message may be used to request the operator policy about allowing the UE 102 to register its associated EDs 101.
[0771] Step 10004: The PF 106 may send an operator policy response to the CMF 104 that may include network policy description.
[0772] Step 10005: If the network policy allows the UE 102 to support ED 101 to register with the network, the CMF 104 may send a user subscription update request the DMF 108 to update UE subscription that includes the ED registration service subscription. The message may indicate whether the UE subscription allows the UE 102 to assist the ED 101 in network registration.
[0773] Step 10006: The DMF 108 may update the UE subscription record and send a user subscription update response to the CMF 104 to acknowledge the receipt of the message in step 10005.
[0774] Step 10007a: The CMF 104 may send a subscription response for ‘ED registration service’ as ‘accepted’ or ‘rejected’ to the AN 103.
[0775] Step 10007b: The AN 103 may forward the message received from the CMF 104 in step 10007a to the UE 102.
[0776] Step 1001b of FIG. 10A for UE 102 register with D-App 105 (steps 10008a to 10013b of FIG. 10C) :
[0777] Step 10008a: The UE 102 may send a UE subscription request for D-App message to subscribe to a D-App 105 as an assisting UE 102 so that the ED 101 may provide one or more of ED services, e.g. providing sensing services (e.g. for environment information) , actuator services (e.g. for home equipment control) , or both. The message may be sent to the CMF 104 via the AN 103. The D-App 105 is already installed inside the DW and DW network or the D-App 105 may have already informed the UE 102 the possibility of getting assistance from the UE 102. This message may include one or more of following parameters: D-App-ID, D-App address, and if any prior requirements the D-App 105 has provided the capability of the UE 102 or the EDs 101 indicating that they meet the requirements.
[0778] Step 10008b: The AN 103 may forward the message receive in step 10008a to the CMF 104.
[0779] Step 10009: The CMF 104 may send a D-App authorization request to the D-App 105 to check whether the UE 102 is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE 102 can assist the ED 101 to access D-App services.
[0780] Step 10010: The D-App 105 may accept or reject the UE request. If rejected, the CMF 104 may inform the UE 102 the decision. If accepted the D-App 105 may provide a specific identification for the UE 102 (UE-D-App-ID) and associated credentials (e.g., UE-D-App-credentials) for identification of the UE 102. The message may also include the service area that the ED 101 can access the network and / or D-App services.
[0781] Step 10011: The CMF 104 may send a UE subscription update for D-App message to the DMF 108. The message may indicate that the UE 102 is an associated device for the D-App 105 to obtain ED registrations service. The message may include D-App ID or D-App address.
[0782] Step 10012: The DMF 108 may send a UE subscription update for D-App response to the CMF 104. The DMF 108 may include one or more of following parameters: network UE ID, mobile network ID, (e.g. public land mobile network (PLMN) ID, network ID (NID) ) network slice information (e.g. NSSAI, S-NSSAI (s) ) , ED limited registration area, network policies that an ED 101 may use to register and access the network. The limited registration area of ED 101 is to provide the ED 101 to access the network only from the operational regions as required for the D-App 105.
[0783] Step 10013a: The CMF 104 may send a UE subscription response to the UE 102 via the AN 103. This message may include one or more of following parameters: an indication whether the UE subscription request for D-App 105 is accepted or not, UE-D-App ID, and associated identification credentials.
[0784] Step 10013b: The AN 103 may forward the message received in step 10013a to the UE 102.
[0785] Step 1001c of FIG. 10A for UE 102 request registration certificate for ED 101 to interact with a D-App 105 (steps 10014 to 10023 of FIG. 10C) :
[0786] Step 10014: The ED 101 and UE 102 may establish a data connection. The UE 102 is requested to register a new ED with the network and D-App 105. The UE 102 may obtain ED details from the ED 101. The UE 102 may identify the ED 101 by using a UE-ED ID.
[0787] Step 10015a: The UE 102 may send a UE-ED registration request to the CMF 104 which may be sent via the AN 103. This request is to register the ED 101 with the network and the D-App 105. This message may include one or more of following parameters: D-App ID or D-App address, previous UE subscription details for D-App 105 if any (e.g. UE-D-App ID and associated credentials) . These credentials will help the D-App 105 to uniquely identify the UE 102 in future interactions.
[0788] Step 10015b: The AN 103 may forward the ED registration request message received in step 10015a to the CMF 104.
[0789] Step 10016: The CMF 104 may check whether UE 102 has registered for this service. The CMF 104 may send a UE-ED registration service subscription check request to the DMF 108 to check whether the UE 102 has a subscription to register associated ED 101. The message may include network-UE ID.
[0790] Step 10017: The DMF 108 may send a UE-ED registration service subscription check response to the CMF 104. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, ED ID, UE-ED ID, service type (e.g., different type of registration services, different types of registration privileges, different types of EDs 101 and UEs 102, different types of UE-ED information transparency) . The message may include an indication whether the UE 102 has subscription to assist the ED 101 to register with the network.
[0791] Step 10018: The CMF 104 may send a D-App authorization request for the new ED to register with the D-App 105. The CMF 104 may provide one or more of following parameters: ED capabilities and UE-D-App ID, and associated credentials as well as UE-ED ID.
[0792] Step 10019: The D-App 105 may send a D-App authorization response for the request received in step 10018. The message may include an accept or reject indication. If accepted, the D-App 105 would include an ED-D-App ID and associated credentials in the message. These credentials will help the D-App 105 to uniquely identify the ED 101 in future interactions.
[0793] Step 10020: If the D-App 105 has authorized the request, the CMF 104 may send a registration certificate request to the SF 107 to request a new registration certificate (such as an eSIM) for the ED 101. The registration certificate may contain information for the ED 101 to access the network. The message may include the D-App authorization for this service for the UE 102 and Network-UE ID.
[0794] Step 10021: After receiving the request in step 10020, the SF 107 may generate a secure ED registration certificate (e.g. eSIM) for the ED 101. The SF 107 may generate a SIM software profile to be used by the SIM of ED 101. Alternatively, the SF 107 may also get a SIM software profile from the OAM.
[0795] The SF 107 may send an ED registration certificate response to the CMF 104. The message may contain the secure ED registration certificate for the ED 101, SIM software profile, register time window so that the ED 101 can use this certificate within this register time window, a network registration information. The message may contain a reject indication if the UE 102 is not authorized to support ED network registration. The SF 107 may request the PF 106 to provide policies regarding network registration for the ED 101. The network registration information may include parameters to support ED 101 to perform registration, which may include one or more of following parameters: network-ED ID, network-UE ID, mobile network ID, (e.g. PLMN ID, NID) , security parameters (e.g. SIM software profile) , DNN, network slice information (e.g. NSSAI, S-NSSAI (s) ) , ED limited registration area, network policies. The DNN and network slice information may be used to identify the network resources the ED 101 can access to use network service (s) , such as D-App 105 (D-User, D-XR, or other DW service application) , AI services. The ED 101 may use the network registration information to perform network registration. The SF 107 may store all the information that sent to the ED 101 in an accessible memory for the duration of register time window. After the register time window expires, if the SF 107 does not receive any message related to this ED 101, the SF 107 may remove all the stored information related to the ED 101. In some implementations, the registration time window is optional.
[0796] In some implementations, the DMF 108 may not generate network-ED ID. In this case, the SF 107 may generate network-ED ID.
[0797] Step 10022: The CMF 104 may send an ED registration response to the UE 102 via the AN 103. The message may include one or more of parameters received in steps 10017, 10019, and 10021, e.g. the ED registration certificate, and other parameters.
[0798] Step 10023: The AN 103 may forward the ED registration response received from the CMF 104 to the UE 102.
[0799] After step 10023, the UE 102 may share the information received in step 10023 with the ED 101 as in step 1002 in FIG. 10A so that the ED 101 can access the network using this information as described in FIG. 10A.
[0800] In some possible implementations, the ED may perform the network registration using UE or D-App authorization, thereby the solutions for the UE to subscribe for the UAR service in the network so that the ED may register to the network by indicating the network to obtain authorization form the UE (or D-App) are further introduced.
[0801] From the aspect of the first apparatus such as the ED, in some possible implementations, the ED can send an ED registration request to a CMF via an AN, where the ED registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a D-App. And the ED can obtain an ED registration response from the CMF via the AN, where the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by sending the ED registration request to the CMF, the ED can request to register with the network and interact with the D-App. Through ED registration response obtained from the CMF, the ED can know a result of the ED registration request, in other words, the result about whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, it means that the UE is allowed to register with the network and interact with the D-App. If the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, it means that the UE is not allowed to register with the network and interact with the D-App. In this way, the ED can request to register with the network and interact with the D-App such as joining a particular D-App operation and obtain a processing result in response to the request.
[0802] In some possible implementations, the ED registration request can include one or more of a UAR-UE ID, identification credentials for the ED, and associated identification tags for the UE and / or D-App. The UAR-UE ID is an ID of the UE, assigned by the network when the UE subscribes for a UE Authorized ED Registration’ (UAR) service of the network. In details, through the parameters included in the ED registration request, the ED can provide specific parameters in the ED registration request to enable the network to obtain authorization from the UE and / or D-App and determine whether the request is accepted or rejected.
[0803] In some possible implementations, the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the ED registration response can include one or more of an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, ED network policies, a mobile network ID, network registration information, and an ED registration certificate. In details, under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, the ED registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted. The ED registration response may include some information required for the ED to perform network registration, such as ED network policies, the mobile network ID, network registration information, and the ED registration certificate. For example, the ED network policies are for the ED to access the allowed services of the network, the mobile network ID can be PLMN ID, NID for identifying the mobile network, the network registration information can be subscription information for performing network registration, and the ED registration certificate is to be used when the ED access the network or D-App. In this way, the ED can know the request for registration and interaction has been accepted and can get the required information for registering with the network.
[0804] In some possible implementations, the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and the ED registration response can include one or more of an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and a cause for indicating a reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, the ED registration response may include the indication to inform the ED that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. The ED registration response may include the cause to let the ED know the reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected. In this way, the ED can know the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and / or may also know the reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, so that the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0805] From the aspect of the third apparatus such as the CMF, in some possible implementations, the CMF can obtain an ED registration request from the ED via the AN, where the ED network registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a D-App. And the CMF can send an ED registration response to the ED via the AN, where the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In details, under the circumstance that the UE can be allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, by obtaining the ED registration request from the ED, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request to register with the network and interact with the D-App. Through the ED registration response sent to the ED, the CMF can inform the ED a result of the ED registration request, in other words, the result about whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the CMF can know that the ED tries to request to register with the network and interact with the D-App such as joining a particular D-App operation and send a processing result in response to the request.
[0806] FIG. 11A shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration using UE or D-App authorization according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In this implementation, the UE subscribes for a ‘UE Authorized ED Registration’ (UAR) service provided by the network, in which an ED may connect with the network by providing a UE ID (or D-App ID) and associated authentication credentials so that the network can request the UE (or D-App) to authorize the connection.
[0807] After the UE subscribes for the UAR service, the UE provides the UE information (the UE may provide a temporary UE ID) and associated verification credentials and / or D-App information (e.g. D-App ID or D-App address) to the ED using a communication method, e.g. via a direct wireless or wired connection. Since an authentication mechanism is needed for the network to uniquely identify the ED, the UE may provide network authentication information to uniquely identify the ED as the UE authenticated device since in the initial registration request message the ED has to send the ED ID and credentials in plain text. In some implementations, the UE may obtain public-private key pair for the ED so that the network can uniquely identify the ED during the initial registration procedure. In some implementations, the public-private key pair is generated inside the ED and provide to the UE to be sent to the network.
[0808] When the ED attempts to access the network, the network can identify the ED by using the message content that the ED sent to the UE (Or D-App) to authorize the ED. Once the UE (or D-App) authorizes the ED, the network may authenticate the ED with network authentication information provided by the UE. After that the network can register the ED as an authentic device associated with the UE and / or the D-App and provide the ED a registration certificate (such as an eSIM) so that the ED can connect to the network by using this certificate without requiring the UE or D-App to authorize the ED.
[0809] Some methods of this implementation are summarized in the following.
[0810] 1. The UE may subscribe for the UAR service in the network. The UE may inform the D-App about the ED information and certain authentication credentials for the D-App to identify the ED uniquely.
[0811] 2. The UE may provide the ED with network information and UE ID (or D-App ID) and credentials to uniquely identify the ED. The UE may also provide credentials (e.g. keys) for secure communication with the network, UE or D-App.
[0812] 3. The ED may register to the network by indicating the network to obtain authorization from the UE (or D-App) .
[0813] 4. The network may request the UE (or D-App) to authorize the UE and once authorize the UE, the network can do authentication check with the ED and register the ED for further network access.
[0814] The message flow is provided in FIG. 11A and following describes the steps in detail, where FIG. 11A illustrates a UE / D-App authorized registration.
[0815] Step 1101a: The UE 112 may subscribe for the UAR service. The detailed steps may be similar to the method described in steps 10001-10007 of FIG. 10C. The same messages may be used, or may be used differently as disclosed in this implementation.
[0816] Step 1101b: The UE 112 may subscribe to a D-App service, e.g. a particular D-User service. The detailed steps ma be similar to the method described in steps 1008-1013 of FIG. 10A.
[0817] Step 1101c: The UE 112 may provide the ED with details to access the network and the D-App 115. The UE 112 may provide one or more of following information: the ED type, ED capability, security requirements, credentials for the communication link between the ED 111 and D-App 115 (e.g. D-User) , D-App information (e.g. D-User information) such as D-App ID and D-App address. The network may provide a temporary ID for the UE 112 (e.g. UAR-UE ID) for the ED 111 to identify the authorizing UE 112 to the network. UAR-UE ID may be valid only for a short time (e.g. about 10 minutes) . The ED 111 may have different IDs to be used to access the network (networked-ED ID) , D-App 115 (D-App-ED ID) and UE 112 (UE-ED ID) and may have associated verification tags to uniquely identify the ED 111. In some implementations, all these entities may use the same ED ID. D-App 115 can uniquely identify the ED 111 using the D-App-ED ID and the security credentials established at this stage.
[0818] This step is explained in more details as the steps 901 to 908 in FIG. 9.
[0819] Step 1102: The ED 111 and UE 112 may communicate with each other so that the ED 111 gets information of the mobile network and the D-App 115 to which the ED 111 has to register. This may include one or more of following parameters: Authorization Entity (e.g. UAR-UE ID) , D-App-ED ID, UE-ED ID, network-ED ID and associated verification credentials to be used when communicating with authorizing the UE 112 or D-App 115 and network.
[0820] In addition, the UE 112 may install the necessary software at ED 111 to operate with D-App 115 (e.g. sensing and communication instructions, and actuator control instructions) .
[0821] The ED owner (P-User) may install in the ED 111 a software. The ED owner may configure the ED 111 with UE credentials and the network information to access the network, authenticate to communicate with the network and if applicable the credentials to interact with the D-App 115.
[0822] Step 1102 may be implemented in some ways. For example, in one implementation, the UE 112 may send the network information to the ED 111 as discussed early. Then the ED 111 may send a confirmation to receive the network information. In another implementation, the ED 111 may send a request to the UE 112 to get the network information. Then the UE 112 may send the network information as described to the ED 111.
[0823] Step 1103: The ED 111 may access the network and complete an RRC setup procedure.
[0824] Step 1104a: The ED 111 may send an ED registration request message to the AN 113 to request the network registration. The message may include UAR-UE ID so that the network can identify the authorizing UE 112. The ED 111 may also provide its identification credentials and associated identification tags for the UE 112 and / or D-App 115.
[0825] Step 1104b: The AN 113 may forward the message received from the ED 111 in step 1104a to the CMF 114.
[0826] Step 1105a: The CMF 114 may send a UE UAR service subscription verification request to the DMF 118 to check whether the UE 112 has subscription for the UAR service. The message may include UAR-UE ID.
[0827] Step 1105b: The CMF 114 may send a UE UAR service subscription verification response to the CMF 114. The message may include an indication whether the UE 112 has subscription for the UAR service or not.
[0828] Step 1106: The CMF 114 may decide whether the associated UE 112 needs to authorize the ED registration request. The UE ID is identified by the indication Authorization Entity parameter. If the Authorization Entity parameter provides UAR-UE ID, the CMF 114 may request the UE 112 to verify the ED credential, in which case the request is sent to the AN 113 and the AN 113 may perform paging if the UE 112 is in the idle mode. If the authorization entity is the D-App 115, the CMF 114 may send a request to the D-App 115. The field may also indicate that both the UE 112 and the D-App 115 may authorize the ED registration request.
[0829] Step 1107a: The CMF 114 may send an ED authorization request to the UE 112 via the AN 113. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE-ED-ID, and the verification details encrypted in the message using UE-ED secure keys established before.
[0830] Step 1107b: The UE 112 may verify the ED identity. The ED 111 may send an ED authorization response to the CMF 114 via the AN 113. The message may include: ED details, e.g. ED verification information.
[0831] Step 1108a: The CMF 114 may send an ED authorization request to the D-App 115. The message may include one or more of following parameters: D-App-ED ID, and the verification details encrypted in the message using D-App-ED secure keys established before.
[0832] Step 1108b: The D-App 115 may verify the ED identity. The D-App 115 may send an ED authorization response to the CMF 114. The message may include ED details, e.g. ED verification information.
[0833] Step 1109a: The network may send an authentication challenge request to the ED 111 via the AN 113 against the authentication information provided by the UE 112. The AN 113 or UE 112 may request the ED 111 to enter an active state to communicate with the network if the ED 111 is in an idle state. The ED 111 is in the active state to receive the authentication challenge request. The AN 113 may page the ED 111. Alternatively, the UE 112 may be paged to wake up the ED 111.
[0834] Step 1109b: The ED 111 may send the authentication challenge response to the CMF 114 via the AN 113 to prove the ED identity.
[0835] Step 1110: If the authentication challenge is successful, the CMF 114 may provide the authentication details for this ED ID to the SF 117. The SF 117 may prepare a registration certificate for the ED 111 (e.g. eSIM) , and may register the ED 111 to the network. The registration may be for a limited registration area and / or for a limited service, e.g. only to access the D-App 115 or connect to the UE 112.
[0836] Step 1111: The ED registration details may be sent to the DMF 118 and the DMF 118 updates registration with the restrictions mentioned above.
[0837] Step 1112a: the DMF 118 may send a UE / ED registration update request to the OAM 119 to inform the OAM 119 about the registration details so that the OAM 119 may update its records (e.g. issue of the eSIM) . The ownership of the ED 111 as the authorizing UE 112 for network usage and the charging or payment for data usage. In some implementations, the ED 111 may be owned by a different owner than the UE owner and in that case, the network usage and charging or payment reception may be the responsibility of the ED owner. The details of ED ownership are provided to the network when the ED details are provided to the network in step 1101c.
[0838] Step 1112b: The OAM 119 may store the received information (e.g. eSIM) and charging information.
[0839] Step 1112c: The OAM 119 may send a UE / ED registration update response to the DMF 118 to acknowledge the completion of request received in step 1112a.
[0840] Step 1113: The DMF 118 may send a UE / ED profile update response to the SF 117 to acknowledge the completion of request received in step 1111.
[0841] Step 1114: The SF 117 may send an ED registration certificate response to the CMF 114. The message may include the ED registration certificate.
[0842] Step 1115: The CMF 114 may send an ED registration response to the ED 111 via the AN 113. The message may include the registration certificate to be used when the ED 111 access the network or D-App 115. The message may include one or more parameters described in step 1014a of the implementation as shown in FIG. 10A.
[0843] Step 1116: The ED 111 may request a data connection to the D-App 115. The message flow may be the same as in the implementation as shown in FIG. 10A when the ED 111 request a data connection to D-App 115. This is described in steps 1015 to 1020 of FIG. 10A.
[0844] Furthermore, FIG. 11B shows a schematic flowchart of an ED registration with UE authorization according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. FIG. 11B provides the detailed step of step 1101c of FIG. 11A, where the ED 111 provides ED information to the UE 112. The UE 112 may provide ED information to the network so that the ED 111 can be registered with the network by using UAR service and obtain the D-App information, network information, IDs for UE 112 and ED 111, and verification tags that the ED 111 may use for network and D-App registrations. Therefore, from the aspect of the second apparatus such as the UE, in some possible implementations, the UE can send a UAR service request to a CMF via an AN, where the UAR service request is used for requesting to add the ED as a UE authorized ED by using a UAR service, then the UE may obtain a UAR service response from the CMF via the AN, where the UAR service response is used for indicating whether the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected. In details, by sending a UAR service request to a CMF, the UE can request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED by using the UAR service. Through the UAR service response obtained from the CMF, the UE can know a result of the UAR service request, in other words, the result about whether the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected. Specifically, if the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted, it means that the ED is allowed to be added as a UE authorized ED. If the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been rejected, it means that the ED is not allowed to be added as a UE authorized ED. In this way, the UE may provide ED information to the network so that the ED can be registered with the network by using UAR service.
[0845] In some possible implementations, the UAR service request can include one or more of an ED type, an ED capability, security requirements, credentials for the communication link between ED and D-App, and D-App information. In details, by including one or more of the above parameters into the UAR service request, the UE can inform the network which ED type and ED capability the ED has based on the ED type and the ED capability, and what security requirements are based on the security requirements. And especially the UE can enable the D-App to uniquely identify the ED using the D-App information such as the D-App-ED ID and the security credentials.
[0846] In some possible implementations, the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted, and the UAR service response can include one or more of an indication to indicate including ED as a UAR device, a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication, and a temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE. The UAR-UE-ID may be valid only for a certain time, e.g. 10 minutes. The ED may have a different ID, e.g. networked-ED ID, to be used when accessing the network. In details, under the circumstance that the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted, the UAR service response may include the indication to inform the ED that the ED has been included as the UAR device. The UAR service response may include some parameters that may be used for registering with the network by using UE as the authorization entity for registration, such as a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication, and a temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE.
[0847] In some possible implementations, the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been rejected, and the UAR service response includes one or more of an indication to indicate not including ED as a UAR device, and a cause for indicating a reason why not including ED as the UAR device. In details, under the circumstance that the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been rejected, the UAR service response may include the indication to inform the UE that the ED has not been included as the UAR device. The UAR service response may include the cause to let the UE know the reason why the ED has not been included as the UAR device. In this way, the UE can know the ED has not been included as the UAR device, and / or may also know the reason why the ED has not been included as the UAR device, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0848] From the aspect of the third apparatus such as the CMF, in some possible implementations, the CMF can obtain a UAR service request from the UE via the AN, where the UAR service request is used for requesting to add the ED as a UE authorized ED by using a UAR service. And the CMF can send a UAR service response to the UE via the AN, where the UAR service response is used for indicating whether the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected. In details, by obtaining the UAR service request from the UE, the CMF can know that the UE tries to request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED by using the UAR service. Through the UAR service response sent to the UE, the CMF can inform the UE a result of the UAR service request, in other words, the result about whether the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected. In this way, through the CMF, the UE may provide ED information to the network so that the ED can be registered with the network by using UAR service.
[0849] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send a UE UAR service subscription verification request to a DMF, where the UE UAR service subscription verification request is used to check whether the UE has subscription to use UAR service. And the CMF can obtain a UE UAR service subscription verification response from the DMF, where the UE UAR service subscription verification response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to use UAR service or not. In details, by sending the UE UAR service subscription verification request to the DMF, the DMF can check whether the UE has subscription for the UAR service. Through the UE UAR service subscription verification response obtained from the DMF, the CMF can know a result of the UE UAR service subscription verification request, in other words, the result about whether the UE is allowed to use UAR service or not.
[0850] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send an ED capability verification request to a D-App, where the ED capability verification request is used to verify an ED capability. And the CMF can obtain an ED capability verification response from the D-App, where the ED capability verification response is used for indicating whether the ED capability is met with application requirements of the D-App or not. In details, by sending the ED capability verification request to the D-App, the D-App may check whether ED capabilities are met with applications of D-App. Through the ED capability verification response obtained from the D-App, the CMF can know a result of the ED capability verification request, in other words, the result about whether the ED capability is met with application requirements of the D-App or not
[0851] In some possible implementations, the CMF can send an ED inclusion request to the SF, where the ED inclusion request is used for requesting to include the ED into UAR service. And the CMF can obtain an ED inclusion response from the SF, where the ED inclusion response is used for indicating whether the request to include the ED into UAR service has been accepted or rejected. In details, by sending the ED inclusion request to the SF, the SF can determine whether to include the ED into UAR service. Through the ED inclusion response obtained from the SF, the CMF can know a result of the ED inclusion request, in other words, the result about whether the request to include the ED into UAR service has been accepted or rejected.
[0852] Referring back to FIG. 11B, the specific steps are described below in details.
[0853] Step 11001: The UE 112 obtains ED information. The UE 112 may generate a UE-ED ID to identify the ED 111. The UE 112 and ED 111 may jointly create security keys for communication with the network.
[0854] Step 11002a: The UE 112 may send a UAR service request to the CMF 114 to request to add an ED 111 as a UE authorized ED by using UAR service via the AN 113. The message may include one or more of following parameters: ED type, ED capability, security requirements, credentials for the communication link between ED 111 and D-User / D-App 115, D-App 115 (e.g. D-User) information such as D-App ID and D-App address.
[0855] Step 11002b: The AN 113 may forward the UAR service request received from the UE 112 in step 11002a to the CMF 114.
[0856] Step 11003: The CMF 114 may send a UE UAR service subscription verification request to the DMF 118 to check whether the UE 112 has subscription to use UAR service. The message may include one or more of UE ID, and UE location.
[0857] Step 11004: The DMF 118 may send a UE UAR service subscription verification response. The message may include an indication whether the UE 112 may use UAR service.
[0858] Step 11005: The CMF 114 may send an ED capability verification request to the D-App 115. The message may include one or more of following parameters: ED ID, UE ID, ED capability information.
[0859] Step 11006: The D-App 115 may check whether ED capabilities are met with applications of D-App 115. The D-App 115 may send an ED capability verification response to the CMF 114 after evaluating the ED information including the ED capability. If ED capability is met with application requirements of D-App 115, the D-App 115 may create an ID (D-App-ED ID) and appropriate verification tags and secure keys for communication to be used when ED 111 performs registration with the network or connect with the D-App 115.
[0860] Step 11007: The CMF 114 may request the SF 117 to include the ED 111 into UAR service. The SF 117 may create a network-ED ID for the ED 111 for the future communication, and a temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE 112 so that the ED 111 may use the UAR-UE ID to identify the authorizing UE 112 when communicating with the network. The UAR-UE-ID may be valid only for a certain time, e.g. 10 minutes. The ED 111 may have a different ID, e.g. networked-ED ID, to be used when accessing the network. The ED 111 may have a different ID, e.g. D-App-ED ID, when accessing the D-App 115. The ED 111 may have a UE-ED ID to identify the association with the UE 112. The ED 111 may have associated verification tags to uniquely identify the ED 111. In some implementations, all these entities may be the same as ED ID. The D-App 115 may uniquely identify the ED 111 by using the D-App-ED ID and the security credentials established at this stage.
[0861] Step 11008a: The SF 117 may send to the DMF 118 an ED subscription update request. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, ED ID, an indication to include ED 111 for UAR service.
[0862] Step 11008b: The DMF 118 may send an ED subscription update response to the SF 117 to confirm that the ED 111 is included in UAR service as a UAR device.
[0863] Step 11009: The SF 117 may confirm the inclusion of the ED 111 for UAR service to the CMF 114. It provides all the IDs and other information generated in step 11007.
[0864] Step 11010a: The CMF 114 may send a UAR service response to the UE 112 via the AN 113. The message may include one or more of following parameters: an indication to include ED 111 as a UAR device, and all the data to the UE 112 via the AN 113.
[0865] Step 11010b: The AN 113 may forward the message received from the CMF 114 in step 11010a to the UE 112.
[0866] Step 11011a: The UE 112 may send a network information notification to the ED 111. The message may include one or more of following parameters: the IDs received from the CMF 114, verification information, and the D-App address. The ED 111 may use the received parameters to register with the network, by using UE 112 as the authorization entity for registration.
[0867] Step 11011b: The ED 111 may send a network information acknowledgment to the UE 112 to acknowledge the message received in step 11011a.
[0868] The present disclosure provides an implementation about ED registration by D-App 115. In this implementation, the UE 112 may provide ED information including ED capabilities to the D-App 115 and D-App information is provided to the ED 111. When the ED 111 attempts to access the network, the ED 111 may provide credentials obtained from the D-App 115 (through UE 112) and the network verifies this information from D-App 115. Once authorized by the D-App 115, the ED 111 is allowed to connect with the D-App 115. The network may keep the ED information in the DSF as an ED 111 associated to D-App 115 or / and UE 112 for further communication. The following are the summary steps taken.
[0869] This is similar to the implementation message flows in FIGs 10A to 10C and separate message flow is not provided. Instead of the CMF 114 requesting the registration certificate from the SF 117 (messages 10020 and 10021) , the D-App 115 may request the registration certificate from the SF 117. Another difference is that in FIG. 10, the CMF 114 does not have to obtain an authorization from the UE 112 (steps 1009a, 1009b, 1009c and 1009d) , and obtaining authorization from D-App 115 (Steps 1010a and 1010b) is sufficient.
[0870] FIG. 12 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a system including an ED, a UE, and a CMF. The ED can be the first apparatus performing the implementation as described in FIG. 6. The UE can be the second apparatus performing the implementation as described in FIG. 7. The CMF can be the third apparatus performing the implementation as described in FIG. 8. As shown in FIG. 12, the method may include the following steps.
[0871] S1210, receiving, by an AN, an ED registration certificate request from a UE.
[0872] S1220, forwarding, by the AN, the ED registration certificate request to a CMF.
[0873] S1230, obtaining, by the CMF, the ED registration certificate request from the AN.
[0874] S1240, sending, by the CMF, an ED registration certificate response to the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0875] S1250, receiving, by the AN, the ED registration certificate response from the CMF.
[0876] S1260, forwarding, by the AN the ED registration certificate response to the UE.
[0877] Some messages, such as the ED registration certificate request and the ED registration certificate response, may be exchanged between the ED, the UE, the CMF, and through these messages, the ED can request the UE to provide network registration assistance and obtain from the UE some information that may be required for subsequent network registration. When the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, the ED can be associated with the UE as a subscriber so that the UE can facilitate the ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use its network services such as D-Apps or network connectivity services in a convenient way, which makes it possible for an ED without prior subscription to register with the network and use network services thereby improving the overall network performance. The procedure for exchanging messages and other steps are similar as described above, which is not repeated herein for brevity.
[0878] The ED may need to access the D-App to receive some service but the ED do not have direct network access capability. In this case, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and the assisting UE forwards the packets on behalf of the ED. The connection between the ED and UE may be, for example, a Bluetooth connection, a direct device-to-device (D2D) connection using WiFi or cellular technologies. The UE may send packets of the ED to the D-App (e.g. D-User) and the D-App can decrypt the message to obtain the ED information. Therefore, the ED does not need an eSIM and network does not have the information about the ED although the D-App is aware of the ED. Therefore, FIG. 13 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a third apparatus such as an ED. Optionally, the third apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the third apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, a chip, a sensor, or a actuator) , which is not limited herein. The third apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 13, the method may include the following steps.
[0879] S1310, sending an ED connection establishment request to a UE, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network.
[0880] S1320, obtaining an ED connection establishment response from the UE, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0881] In details, the third apparatus such as the ED can send the ED connection establishment request to the UE and obtain the ED connection establishment response from the UE. By sending the ED connection establishment request to the UE, the ED can request to connect to the network. Through the ED connection establishment response obtained from the UE, the ED can know a result of ED connection establishment request, in other words, the result about whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and may communicate with the D-App even though the ED does not have direct network access capability, which shortens a procedure for registering the ED with the network thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0882] In some possible implementations, the ED connection establishment request can include one or more of an ED capability, an ED ID, a D-App ID, and credentials to allow ED connect to D-App. In details, through the parameters included in the ED connection establishment request, the ED can inform the UE which ED requests to establish a connection with the network, what capability the ED has, which D-App the ED requests to connect to. And the ED can especially inform the UE that the ED may still be connected to D-App without direct network access capability based on credentials to allow ED connect to D-App.
[0883] The above describes a method for managing an ED associated with a user in terms of the third apparatus. Then a method for managing an ED associated with a user is described in terms of the fourth apparatus. In details, FIG. 14 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a fourth apparatus such as a UE. Optionally, the fourth apparatus could be other device that has similar function (for example, the fourth apparatus can be a computer machine in a data center, a communication module, or a chip) , which is not limited herein. The fourth apparatus could also be a whole device. As shown in FIG. 14, the method may include the following steps.
[0884] S1410, obtaining an ED connection establishment request from an ED, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network.
[0885] S1420, sending an ED connection establishment response to the ED, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0886] In details, the fourth apparatus such as the UE can obtain the ED connection establishment request from the ED and send the ED connection establishment response to the ED. By obtaining the ED connection establishment request from the ED and sending the ED connection establishment response to the ED, the UE can assist the ED to connect to the network. Through the ED connection establishment response sent to the ED, the UE can inform the ED a result of the ED connection establishment request, in other words, the result about whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected. In this way, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and may communicate with the D-App even though the ED does not have direct network access capability, which shortens a procedure for registering the ED with the network thereby improving the overall network performance.
[0887] In some possible implementations, the ED connection establishment request can include one or more of an ED capability, an ED ID, a D-App ID, and credentials to allow ED connect to D-App. In details, through the parameters included in the ED connection establishment request, the UE can know which ED requests to establish a connection with the network, what capability the ED has, which D-App the ED requests to connect to. And the UE can especially know that the ED may still be connected to D-App without direct network access capability based on credentials to allow ED connect to D-App.
[0888] In some possible implementations, the UE can send an ED connection setup request to a D-App, where the ED connection setup request is used for requesting to set up a connection between the ED and the D-App, and obtain an ED connection setup response from the D-App, where the ED connection setup response is used for indicating whether the setting up the connection between the ED and the D-App has been accepted or rejected. In details, by sending the ED connection setup request to the D-App, the ED App connection may be established so that the ED can be connected with the D-App. Through the ED connection setup response obtained from the D-App, the UE can know a result of the ED connection setup request, in other words, the result about whether the setting up the connection between the ED and the D-App has been accepted or rejected, so that the UE may further exchange the above result with the ED, thereby the ED can prepare the next operation such as interact with the D-App or request another UE to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.
[0889] FIG. 15 shows a schematic flowchart of an ED accessing the DW application via the UE according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure, where the procedure to allow an ED to connect to the network through a UE is described in this implementation. Following is a description of the procedure.
[0890] Step 1501: The physical device owner P-User 152 requests the UE App installer 1531 in the UE 153 to install a D-App software. The D-App software may provide functionalities for the UE 153 to support ED operation. This message may include D-App type, D-App ID and D-App address if known, installation time, installation location, access rights.
[0891] Step 1502: The UE 153 may forward the D-App software request received in step 1501 to the D-App 154. This may include D-App type, D-App ID, D-App address if known, installation time, installation location, access rights, ED type, ED capability.
[0892] Step 1503: The D-App 154 may send a D-App software response to the UE 153. The message may include necessary D-App software to be installed by the UE App installer 1531. This message may also include allowed one or more of following information: assisting UE ID, ED ID, D-App installation file, installation instructions, installation validity period, installation requirements such as installation keys and storage, security measures, D-App software policy.
[0893] Step 1504: The UE App installer 1531 installs the received D-App software in the UE 153.
[0894] Step 1505: The UE App installer 1531 may send a D-App installation response to the P-User 152 to notify the user that the D-App software has been installed successfully and ready to operate.
[0895] Step 1506: After completing D-App software installation, the P-User 152 may send an ED subscription request to the UE ED Authorization Function (EDAUF) 1532 to subscribe in the D-App service. This request may include one or more of D-App ID, ED ID, credentials required to authenticate D-App access, D-App access validity information such as temporal and spatial validity.
[0896] Step 1507: The UE EDAUF 1532 may process the ED subscription request.
[0897] Step 1508: The UE EDAUF may send an ED subscription record update request to the ED repository (EDR) 1534 to store the ED subscription information in the EDR 1534. This may include one or more of ED type, ED capability, ED ID, D-App ID, assisting UE ID, time indication of record validity before deletion, D-App access validity information such as temporal and spatial validity.
[0898] Step 1509: Upon recording ED subscription information in the EDR 1534, the EDR 1534 may send an ED subscription record update response to the UE EDAUF 1532.
[0899] Step 1510: The UE EDAUF 1532 may send an ED subscription request the D-App 154 to subscribe the ED 151. This message may include ED subscription information, which may include one or more of ED capability, ED ID, D-App ID, assisting UE ID, subscription temporal and spatial validity information. The temporal validity information may indicate the time the ED subscription is valid. The spatial validity information may indicate the location (s) that the ED 151 may access the D-App 154.
[0900] Step 1511: The D-App 154 may send an ED subscription response to the UE EDAUF 1532 to acknowledge subscribing the ED 151. The message may include one or more of subscription ID, subscription type, subscription validity information such as temporal and spatial validity information.
[0901] Step 1512: The UE EDAUF 1532 may send an ED subscription response to the P-User 152 to acknowledge the completion of the ED subscription request received in step 1506. The message may include one or more of subscription ID, subscription type, subscription validity information such as temporal and spatial validity information.
[0902] Step 1513 The ED 151 may send an ED connection establishment request the UE 153 to connect the ED 151 with the network. This message may include one or more of ED capability, ED ID, D-App ID, credentials to allow ED 151 connect to D-App 154.
[0903] Step 1514: The UE EDAUF 1532 may send an ED registration record request to the EDR 1534 to update the ED subscription information stored in the EDR 1534. The message may request the information received from the Ed in step 1513.
[0904] Step 1515: The EDR 1534 may send an ED registration record response to the UE EDAUF 1532 to acknowledge the completion of the ED subscription information update.
[0905] Steps 1516: The UE EDAUF 1532 may send an ED-App connection setup request to the D-App 154 to set up the connection.
[0906] Step 1517: The D-App 154 may send an ED connection setup response to the UE EDAUF 1532 to confirm that the ED 151 can connect with the D-App 154.
[0907] Steps 1518: The UE EDAUF 1532 may send an ED connection establishment response to the ED 151 to confirm that the ED 151 can connect with the network via the UE 153.
[0908] Step 1519: The ED 151 may communicate with the D-App 154 through the UE 153.
[0909] FIG. 16 shows yet another schematic flowchart of a method for managing an ED associated with a user according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. The method can be implemented by a system including an ED and a UE. The ED can be the first apparatus performing the implementation as described in FIG. 13. The UE can be the second apparatus performing the implementation as described in FIG. 14. As shown in FIG. 16, the method man include the following steps.
[0910] S1610, sending, by an ED, an ED connection establishment request to a UE, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network.
[0911] S1620, obtaining, by the UE, the ED connection establishment request from the ED.
[0912] S1630, sending, by the UE, an ED connection establishment response to the ED, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0913] S1640, obtaining, by the ED, the ED connection establishment response from the UE.
[0914] Some messages, such as the ED connection establishment request and the ED connection establishment response, may be exchanged between the ED and the UE, and through these messages, the ED can connect to the network through the assisting UE and may communicate with the D-App even though the ED does not have direct network access capability, which shortens a procedure for registering the ED with the network thereby improving the overall network performance. The procedure for exchanging messages and other steps are similar as described above, which is not repeated herein for brevity.
[0915] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a communication apparatus 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600 configured to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0916] FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 1700 includes: a sending unit 1710, configured to send an ED network registration assistance request to a UE, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network; and an obtaining unit 1720, configured to obtain an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0917] FIG. 18 shows another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 1800 includes: a sending unit 1810, configured to send an ED connection establishment request to a UE, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; and an obtaining unit 1820, configured to obtain an ED connection establishment response from the UE, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0918] FIG. 19 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 1900 includes: an obtaining unit 1910, configured to obtain an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network; and a sending unit 1920, configured to send an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0919] FIG. 20 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2000 includes: an obtaining unit 2010, configured to obtain an ED connection establishment request from an ED, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; and a sending unit 2020, configured to send an ED connection establishment response to the ED, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0920] FIG. 21 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2100 includes: an obtaining unit 2110, configured to obtain an ED registration certificate request from a UE via an AN, where the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; and a sending unit 2120, configured to send an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0921] FIG. 22 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2200 includes: one or more processors 2210; and an interface circuit 2220, configured to: send an ED network registration assistance request to a UE, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network; and obtain an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0922] FIG. 23 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2300 includes: one or more processors 2310; and an interface circuit 2320, configure to: send an ED connection establishment request to a UE, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; and obtain an ED connection establishment response from the UE, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0923] FIG. 24 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 24, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2400 includes: one or more processors 2410; and an interface circuit 2420, configure to: obtain an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, where the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network; and send an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, where the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.
[0924] FIG. 25 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 25, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2500 includes: one or more processors 2510; and an interface circuit 2520, configure to: obtain an ED connection establishment request from an ED, where the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; and send an ED connection establishment response to the ED, where the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.
[0925] FIG. 26 shows yet another schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 26, in a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 2600 includes: one or more processors 2610; and an interface circuit 2620, configured to: obtain an ED registration certificate request from a UE via an AN, where the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; and send an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, where the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.
[0926] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit 2220, 2320, 2420, 2520, 2620 includes one or more transceivers 22210, 23210, 24210, 25210, 26210.
[0927] FIG. 27 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 27, a possible implementation of the present disclosure provides an apparatus 2700 including: one or more processors 2710; and a memory 2720 storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0928] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a communication system, where the communication system includes multiple communication apparatuses configured to perform the method according to the above method as described in FIG. 12.
[0929] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides another communication system, where the communication system includes multiple communication apparatuses configured to perform the method according to the above method as described in FIG. 16.
[0930] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0931] A possible implementation of the present disclosure provides a computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to any one of the above methods, which is not repeated herein.
[0932] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative implementations, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative implementations, as well as other implementations of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0933] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular implementations may also or instead be implemented in other implementations. Method implementations, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product implementations. In addition, although implementations are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:sending an ED network registration assistance request to a user equipment (UE) , wherein the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network; andobtaining an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, wherein the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the ED network registration assistance request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED identifier (ID) ;an indication that requests the UE to provide necessary information to register in a mobile network; anda subscriber identity module (SIM) type of ED.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network;an ED registration certificate for the ED;a register time window; andnetwork registration information.4.The method according to claim 3, wherein the network registration information comprises one or more of following parameters:a network assigned ED ID;a network assigned UE ID;a mobile network ID;security parameters;a data network name (DNN) ;network slice information;an ED limited registration area; andnetwork policies.5.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network; anda cause for indicating a reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.6.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a connection between the ED and the AN is established, and the method further comprises:sending an ED network registration request to a connection management function (CMF) via an access network (AN) , wherein the ED network registration request is used for registering with the network; andobtaining an ED network registration response from the CMF via the AN, wherein the ED network registration response is used for indicating whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein the ED network registration request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED registration certificate;a network assigned ED ID;an assisting UE ID;a registration type;a DNN;single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) ;network slice information (NSI) ;an ED ID; andan ED radio capability.8.The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the registering with the network has been accepted, and the ED network registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been accepted;ED network policies;a CMF-generated unique ED ID;an ED limited registration area;allowed network slice information;an allowed DNN;a DNS address; anda list of application server addresses.9.The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the registering with the network has been rejected, and the ED network registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the registering with the network has been rejected.10.The method according to claims 1 to 4, further comprising:sending an ED registration request to a CMF via an AN, wherein the ED registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a digital application (D-App) ; andobtaining an ED registration response from the CMF via the AN, wherein the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected.11.The method according to claim 10, wherein the ED registration request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID of the assisting UE;one or more of ID and address of D-App that the ED is associated with;ED identification credentials for UE;identification credentials for D-App;a registration type;a DNN;S-NSSAI;NSI;a network-ED ID;an ED radio capability; andan ED registration certificate.12.The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the method further comprises:sending a connection to D-App request to a CMF via an AN, wherein the connection to D-App request is used for requesting a connection to the D-App by providing one or more parameters in the ED registration response; andobtaining a connection to D-App response from the CMF via the AN, wherein the connection to D-App response is used for indicating whether the connection to D-App request has been accepted or rejected.13.The method according to claim 10, wherein the ED registration request comprises one or more of following parameters:a user authorization request (UAR) -UE ID;identification credentials for the ED; andassociated identification tags for the UE and / or D-App.14.The method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the ED registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted;ED network policies;a mobile network ID;network registration information; andan ED registration certificate.15.The method according to any one of claims 10, 11, and 13, wherein the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and the ED registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected.16.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:sending an ED connection establishment request to a user equipment (UE) , wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; andobtaining an ED connection establishment response from the UE, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.17.The method according to claim 16, wherein the ED connection establishment request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED capability;an ED identifier (ID) ;a digital application (D-App) ID; andcredentials to allow ED connect to D-App.18.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:obtaining an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, wherein the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a user equipment (UE) to assist in a registration of the ED with a network; andsending an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, wherein the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.19.The method according to claim 18, wherein the ED network registration assistance request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED identifier (ID) ;an indication that requests the UE to provide necessary information to register in a mobile network; anda subscriber identity module (SIM) type of ED.20.The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network;an ED registration certificate for the ED;a register time window; andnetwork registration information.21.The method according to claim 20, wherein the network registration information comprises one or more of following parameters:a network assigned ED ID;a network assigned UE ID;a mobile network ID;security parameters;a data network name (DNN) ;network slice information;an ED limited registration area; andnetwork policies.22.The method according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the ED network registration assistance response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network; anda cause for indicating a reason why the UE is not allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network.23.The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, further comprising:sending an ED registration certificate request to a security function (SF) via one or more of an access network (AN) and a connection management function (CMF) , wherein the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; andobtaining an ED registration certificate response from the SF via one or more of the CMF and the AN, wherein the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the ED registration certificate request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID;a UE location;an ED ID;an ED current location;a SIM type of ED;an ED service location; andone or more ED requested network services.25.The method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, and the ED registration certificate response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted;the ED registration certificate;a register time window; andnetwork registration information.26.The method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and the ED registration certificate response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected.27.The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21 and 23 to 25, further comprising:sending a subscription request for ED registration service to a CMF via an AN, wherein the subscription request for ED registration service is used for requesting a subscription for ED registration service; andobtaining a subscription response for ED registration service from the CMF via the AN, wherein the subscription response for ED registration service is used for indicating whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.28.The method according to claim 27, wherein the subscription request for ED registration service comprises one or more of following parameters:a subscription service type;a UE ID;UE new capabilities; anda specific D-App the subscription related to.29.The method according to claim 27 or 28, wherein the subscription response for ED registration service comprises:an indication to indicate whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.30.The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21 and 23 to 25, further comprising:sending a UE subscription request for D-App to a CMF via an AN, wherein the UE subscription request for D-App is used for subscribing to a D-App; andobtaining a UE subscription response for D-App from the CMF via the AN, wherein the UE subscription response for D-App is used for indicating whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected.31.The method according to claim 30, wherein the UE subscription request for D-App comprises one or more of following parameters:a D-App-ID; anda D-App address.32.The method according to claim 30 or 31, wherein the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, and the UE subscription response for D-App comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted;a UE-D-App ID; andassociated identification credentials.33.The method according to claim 30 or 31, wherein the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and the UE subscription response for D-App comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected.34.The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21 and 23 to 25, further comprising:sending a UE authorized registration (UAR) service request to a CMF via an AN, wherein the UAR service request is used for requesting to add the ED as a UE authorized ED by using a UAR service; andobtaining a UAR service response from the CMF via the AN, wherein the UAR service response is used for indicating whether the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected.35.The method according to claim 34, wherein the UAR service request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED type;an ED capability;security requirements;credentials for the communication link between ED and D-App; andD-App information.36.The method according to claim 34 or 35, wherein the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been accepted, and the UAR service response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate comprising ED as a UAR device;a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication; anda temporary UAR-UE ID for the UE.37.The method according to claim 34 or 35, wherein the request to add the ED as a UE authorized ED has been rejected, and the UAR service response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate not comprising ED as a UAR device; anda cause for indicating a reason why not comprising ED as the UAR device.38.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:obtaining an ED connection establishment request from an ED, wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; andsending an ED connection establishment response to the ED, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.39.The method according to claim 38, wherein the ED connection establishment request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED capability;an ED identifier (ID) ;a digital application (D-App) ID; andcredentials to allow ED connect to D-App.40.The method according to claim 38 or 39, further comprising:sending an ED connection setup request to a D-App, wherein the ED connection setup request is used for requesting to set up a connection between the ED and the D-App; andobtaining an ED connection setup response from the D-App, wherein the ED connection setup response is used for indicating whether the setting up the connection between the ED and the D-App has been accepted or rejected.41.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:obtaining an ED registration certificate request from a user equipment (UE) via an access network (AN) , wherein the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; andsending an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, wherein the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.42.The method according to claim 41, wherein the ED registration certificate request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID;a UE location;an ED ID;an ED current location;a SIM type of ED;an ED service location; andone or more ED requested network services.43.The method according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted, and the ED registration certificate response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted;the ED registration certificate;a register time window; andnetwork registration information.44.The method according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected, and the ED registration certificate response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been rejected.45.The method according to claim 43, wherein the network registration information comprises one or more of following parameters:a network assigned ED ID;a network assigned UE ID;a mobile network ID;security parameters;a data network name (DNN) ;network slice information;an ED limited registration area; andnetwork policies.46.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 45, further comprising:selecting a security function (SF) based on local information about available SF instances, wherein the SF is used for verifying whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.47.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 45, further comprising:sending a network function (NF) profile request to a network entity repository (NER) , wherein the NF profile request is used for requesting SF profiles; andobtaining a NF profile response from the NER, wherein the NF profile response is used for selecting a SF from the requested SF profiles.48.The method according to claim 47, wherein the NF profile request comprises one or more of following parameters:a NF type;an ED registration certificate service to be provided,a subscriber identity module (SIM) type of ED;an ED current location; andan ED operation location.49.The method according to claim 47 or 48, wherein the NF profile response comprises:one or more SF profiles that meet the requirements of CMF.50.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 49, further comprising:sending the ED registration certificate request to a SF; andobtaining the ED registration certificate response from the SF.51.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 50, a connection between the ED and the AN is established, and the method further comprises:obtaining an ED network registration request from the ED via the AN, wherein the ED network registration request is used for registering with the network; andsending an ED network registration response to the ED via the AN, wherein the ED network registration response is used for indicating whether the registering with the network has been accepted or rejected.52.The method according to claim 51, wherein the ED network registration request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED registration certificate;a network assigned ED ID;an assisting UE ID;a registration type;a data network name (DNN) ;single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) ;network slice information (NSI) ;an ED ID; andan ED radio capability.53.The method according to claim 51 or 52, wherein the registering with the network has been accepted, and the ED network registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been accepted;ED network policies;a connection management function (CMF) -generated unique ED ID;an ED limited registration area;allowed network slice information;an allowed DNN;a DNS address; anda list of application server addresses.54.The method according to claim 52 or 53, wherein the registering with the network has been rejected, and the ED network registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the registering with the network has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the registering with the network has been rejected.55.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 50, further comprising:obtaining an ED registration request from the ED via the AN, wherein the ED network registration request is used for requesting to register with the network and interact with a digital application (D-App) ; andsending an ED registration response to the ED via the AN, wherein the ED registration response is used for indicating whether the request for registration and interaction has been accepted or rejected.56.The method according to claim 55, wherein the ED registration request comprises one or more of following parameters:a UE ID of the assisting UE;one or more of ID and address of D-App that the ED is associated with;ED identification credentials for UE;identification credentials for D-App;a registration type;a DNN;S-NSSAI;NSI;a network-ED ID;an ED radio capability; andan ED registration certificate.57.The method according to claim 55 or 56, wherein the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the method further comprises:obtaining a connection to D-App request from the ED via the AN, wherein the connection to D-App request is used for requesting a connection to the D-App by providing one or more parameters in the ED registration response;sending a connection to D-App response to the ED via the AN, wherein the connection to D-App response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection to the D-App has been accepted or rejected.58.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 57, further comprising:obtaining a subscription request for ED registration service from the UE via the AN, wherein the subscription request for ED registration service is used for requesting a subscription for ED registration service; andsending a subscription response for ED registration service to the UE via the AN, wherein the subscription response for ED registration service is used for indicating whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.59.The method according to claim 58, wherein the subscription request for ED registration service comprises one or more of following parameters:a subscription service type;a UE ID;UE new capabilities; anda specific D-App the subscription related to.60.The method according to any one of claim 58 or 59, wherein the subscription response for ED registration service comprises:an indication to indicate whether the subscription request for ED registration service has been accepted or rejected.61.The method according to any one of claims 58 to 60, further comprising:sending an operator policy request to a policy function (PF) , wherein the operator policy request is used to check UE capabilities; andobtaining an operator policy response from the PF, wherein the operator policy response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.62.The method according to claim 61, wherein the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network, and the method further comprises:sending a user subscription update request to a data management function (DMF) , wherein the user subscription update request is used to update UE subscription that comprises an ED registration service subscription; andobtaining a user subscription update response from the DMF, wherein the user subscription update response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the user subscription update request.63.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 57, further comprising:obtaining a UE subscription request for D-App from the UE via the AN, wherein the UE subscription request for D-App is used for subscribing to a D-App; andsending a UE subscription response for D-App to the UE via the AN, wherein the UE subscription response for D-App is used for indicating whether the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted or rejected.64.The method according to claim 63, wherein the UE subscription request for D-App comprises one or more of following parameters:a D-App-ID; anda D-App address.65.The method according to claim 63 or 64, wherein the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted, and the UE subscription response for D-App comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been accepted;a UE-D-App ID; andassociated identification credentials.66.The method according to claim 63 or 64, wherein the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected, and the UE subscription response for D-App comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the subscription request for the D-App has been rejected.67.The method according to any one of claims 63 to 66, further comprising:sending a D-App authorization request to the D-App, wherein the D-App authorization request is used to check whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for a service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services; andobtaining a D-App authorization response from the D-App, wherein the D-App authorization response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to subscribe for the service that the UE assists the ED to access D-App services or not.68.The method according to claim 67, further comprising:sending a UE subscription update for D-App request to the DMF, wherein the UE subscription update for D-App message is used for indicating that the UE is an associated device for the D-App to obtain ED registrations service; andobtaining a UE subscription update for D-App response from the DMF, wherein the UE subscription update for D-App response is used for acknowledging a receipt of the UE subscription update for D-App request.69.The method according to claim 55, wherein the ED registration request comprises one or more of following parameters:a user authorization request (UAR) -UE ID;identification credentials for the ED; andassociated identification tags for the UE and / or D-App.70.The method according to any one of claims 55 to 69, wherein the request for registration and interaction has been accepted, and the ED registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been accepted;ED network policies;a mobile network ID;network registration information; andan ED registration certificate.71.The method according to any one of claims 55 to 69, wherein the request for registration and interaction has been rejected, and the ED registration response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate that the request for registration and interaction has been rejected; anda cause for indicating a reason why the request for registration and interaction has been rejected.72.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 50, further comprising:obtaining a UE authorized registration (UAR) service request from the UE via the AN, wherein the UAR service request is used for requesting to add the ED as a UE authorized ED by using a UAR service; andsending a UAR service response to the UE via the AN, wherein the UAR service response is used for indicating whether the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted or rejected.73.The method according to claim 72, wherein the UAR service request comprises one or more of following parameters:an ED type;an ED capability;security requirements;credentials for the communication link between ED and D-App; andD-App information.74.The method according to claim 72 or 73, wherein the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been accepted, and the UAR service response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate comprising ED as a UAR device;a network-ED ID for the ED for future communication; anda temporary UAR-UE ID for a UE.75.The method according to claim 72 or 73, wherein the request to add the ED as the UE authorized ED has been rejected, and the UAR service response comprises one or more of following parameters:an indication to indicate not comprising ED as a UAR device; anda cause for indicating a reason why not comprising ED as the UAR device.76.The method according to any one of claims 72 to 75, further comprising:sending a UE UAR service subscription verification request to a DMF, wherein the UE UAR service subscription verification request is used to check whether the UE has subscription to use UAR service; andobtaining a UE UAR service subscription verification response from the DMF, wherein the UE UAR service subscription verification response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to use UAR service or not.77.The method according to claim 76, further comprising:sending an ED capability verification request to a D-App, wherein the ED capability verification request is used to verify an ED capability; andobtaining an ED capability verification response from the D-App, wherein the ED capability verification response is used for indicating whether the ED capability is met with application requirements of the D-App or not.78.The method according to claim 77, further comprising:sending an ED inclusion request to the SF, wherein the ED inclusion request is used for requesting to comprise the ED into UAR service; andobtaining an ED inclusion response from the SF, wherein the ED inclusion response is used for indicating whether the request to comprise the ED into UAR service has been accepted or rejected.79.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:receiving, by an access network (AN) , an electronic device (ED) registration certificate request from a user equipment (UE) ;forwarding, by the AN, the ED registration certificate request to a connection management function (CMF) ;obtaining, by the CMF, the ED registration certificate request from the AN;sending, by the CMF, an ED registration certificate response to the AN, wherein the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected;receiving, by the AN, the ED registration certificate response from the CMF; andforwarding, by the AN, the ED registration certificate response to the UE.80.A method for managing an electronic device (ED) associated with a user, comprising:sending, by an ED, an ED connection establishment request to a user equipment (UE) , wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network;obtaining, by the UE, the ED connection establishment request from the ED;sending, by the UE, an ED connection establishment response to the ED, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected; andobtaining, by the ED, the ED connection establishment response from the UE.81.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, 16 to 17, 18 to 37, 38 to 40, or 41 to 80.82.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:a sending unit, configured to send an ED network registration assistance request to a UE, wherein the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network; andan obtaining unit, configured to obtain an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, wherein the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.83.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:a sending unit, configured to send an ED connection establishment request to a UE, wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; andan obtaining unit, configured to obtain an ED connection establishment response from the UE, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.84.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:an obtaining unit, configured to obtain an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, wherein the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network; anda sending unit, configured to send an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, wherein the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.85.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:an obtaining unit configured to obtain an ED connection establishment request from an ED, wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; anda sending unit configured to send an ED connection establishment response to the ED, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.86.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:an obtaining unit, configured to obtain an ED registration certificate request from a UE via an AN, wherein the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; anda sending unit, configured to send an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, wherein the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.87.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit, configured to:send an ED network registration assistance request to a UE, wherein the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting the UE to assist in a registration of an ED with a network; andobtain an ED network registration assistance response from the UE, wherein the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.88.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to:send an ED connection establishment request to a UE, wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; andobtain an ED connection establishment response from the UE, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.89.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to:obtain an ED network registration assistance request from an ED, wherein the ED network registration assistance request is used for requesting a UE to assist in a registration of the ED with a network; andsend an ED network registration assistance response to the ED, wherein the ED network registration assistance response is used for indicating whether the UE is allowed to assist in the registration of the ED with the network or not.90.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to:obtain an ED connection establishment request from an ED, wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network; andsend an ED connection establishment response to the ED, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected.91.The communication apparatus according to claim 81, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to:obtain an ED registration certificate request from a UE via an AN, wherein the ED registration certificate request is used for requesting an ED registration certificate for the ED; andsend an ED registration certificate response to the UE via the AN, wherein the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected.92.The communication apparatus according to claim 87 to 91, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.93.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, 16 to 17, 18 to 37, 38 to 40, or 41 to 80.94.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 18 to 37, and a third communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 41 to 80.95.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a third communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 16 to 17 and a fourth communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 38 to 40.96.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises:an access network (AN) , configured to: receive an electronic device (ED) registration certificate request from a user equipment (UE) ; and forward the ED registration certificate request to a connection management function (CMF) ;a CMF, configured to: obtain the ED registration certificate request from the AN; and send an ED registration certificate response to the AN, wherein the ED registration certificate response is used for indicating whether the ED registration certificate request for the ED has been accepted or rejected;wherein the AN is further configured to: receive the ED registration certificate response from the CMF; and forward the ED registration certificate response to the UE.97.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises:an electronic device (ED) , configured to: send an ED connection establishment request to a user equipment (UE) , wherein the ED connection establishment request is used for requesting a connection with a network;a user equipment (UE) , configured to: obtain the ED connection establishment request from the ED; and send an ED connection establishment response to the ED, wherein the ED connection establishment response is used for indicating whether the request for the connection with the network has been accepted or rejected;wherein the ED is further configured to obtain the ED connection establishment response from the UE.98.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, 16 to 17, 18 to 37, 38 to 40, or 41 to 80.99.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, 16 to 17, 18 to 37, 38 to 40, or 41 to 80.
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