Training machine

Abstract

[Problem] In the prior art, the idea of setting the total weight of a lifting / lowering and swinging member and a gripping part located on the opposite side of a load applying part within a predetermined range in order to effectively perform accelerated motion while training a cooperation pattern of a trunk and limbs was not disclosed or suggested at all. [Solution] Provided is a training machine that is based on a completely new idea of setting the total weight of a structure including at least an arm unit located on the opposite side of a back weight within a predetermined range, the training machine being used for training by gripping with hands the arm unit that is connected to one or more back weights through a tension member and can move up and down along a guide support and operating the arm unit against the weight of the back weight, wherein where the total weight of the structure including at least the arm unit and located on the opposite side of the back weight is denoted by Ma, a relational expression of "25 kg ≤ Ma ≤ 66 kg" is satisfied.

Description

training machine

[0001] The present invention relates to a training machine in which training is performed by gripping an arm unit, which is connected to one or more back weights via a cable or the like and can move up and down along a guide support, with the arm unit moving against the weight of the back weights.

[0002] In recent years, interest in training machines aimed at improving neuromuscular function has grown. It is known that the human neuromuscular system adapts to the amount and content of exercise performed, and the effects of training also depend on the actual training conditions, such as the speed and angle of the training movements. Therefore, given the specificity of training, it is important to conduct training that takes into account the characteristics of human physical movement in order to improve training efficiency. One example is the trunk-limb coordination pattern, in which energy generated in the trunk is transferred to the limbs, which then accelerate the limbs. This coordination pattern is found in movements such as pitching, batting, running, and jumping. For example, in pitching, the trunk leads translational and rotational movements, and the energy generated there is transferred to the throwing arm via the shoulder joint, which then accelerates and transmits force to the ball with a whip-like flex. This coordination pattern is also found in daily activities, although to varying degrees of acceleration. Taking into account the specificity of training, training machines have been developed that directly improve this body usage, such as pull-down training machines.

[0003] One example of such a pull-down type training machine is the invention described in Patent Document 1. Originally, pull-down type training machines were primarily intended to train the muscles of the back, shoulders, and upper arms, but according to Figure 1 of Patent Document 1, for example, this invention includes a seat 10, an adjustable load-applying unit 30, two guide columns 40, a lifting and rocking member 50, a gripping unit 60, a tensioning member 80, a rotation transmitting unit 91, and a crank mechanism 92, and provides a training device that allows the user to pull down the gripping unit against the load while relaxing, stretching, or shortening their shoulders and arms, thereby improving muscle coordination, reducing muscle pain and fatigue, and developing flexible and resilient muscles.

[0004] Patent No. 4063821

[0005] However, in the prior art, the main focus is on training by pulling down the lifting and oscillating member 50 while grasping the gripping portion 60 with the hand against the load of the load-applying portion 30, and the idea of ​​setting the total weight of the gripping portion 60 and the lifting and oscillating member 50 located on the opposite side of the load-applying portion 30 within a predetermined range, or adjusting the weight of the lifting and oscillating member within a predetermined range to suit individual athletic skills and exerted muscle strength, in order to effectively perform accelerated movements while training the coordination patterns of the trunk and limbs, has not been disclosed or suggested at all.

[0006] In light of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a training machine based on a completely new concept of setting the total weight of a structure, including at least an arm unit located on the opposite side of a back weight, within a predetermined range. The training machine is connected to one or more back weights via a tension member and is movable up and down along a guide support. The arm unit is held by hand and moves against the weight of the back weight. The training machine is configured so that, where Ma is the total weight of the structure located on the opposite side of the back weight and including at least the arm unit, the relationship "25 kg ≦ Ma ≦ 66 kg" holds. By setting the total weight of the structure within this range, the acceleration generated when pulling down the structure can be maximized according to the user's muscular strength and strength-exertion skill. In other words, by keeping the weight of the structure within the predetermined range, the energy exerted by the trunk required to move the structure can be increased, resulting in increased acceleration of upper limb movement, reducing unnecessary force exertion and muscle tension, and enabling efficient trunk-centered body movement training.

[0007] Specifically, the present invention provides a training machine in which training is carried out by manually gripping an arm unit that is connected to one or more back weights via a tension member and that can move up and down along a guide support and moving it against the weight of the back weight, and the training machine is configured so that the relationship "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg" holds when the total weight of the structure located opposite the back weight and including at least the arm unit is Ma.

[0008] In addition to the above features, the present invention also provides a training machine having a weight adjustment function that allows the total weight of the structure to be adjusted.

[0009] In addition to the above characteristics, the present invention also provides a training machine configured to satisfy the above relational expression by adding or removing one or more front weights to the structure.

[0010] Specifically, the present invention provides a training method for performing training using the training machine described in paragraph

[0007] or

[0008] above.

[0011] The present invention also provides a training method for performing training using the training machine described in the above paragraph

[0009] .

[0012] Specifically, the present invention provides a training instruction method for having a user train using the training machine described in paragraph

[0007] or

[0008] above.

[0013] The present invention also provides a training instruction method for having a user train using the training machine described in the above paragraph

[0009] .

[0014] As described above, in the present invention, by keeping the weight of the structure within a predetermined range, it is possible to increase the energy exerted by the trunk required to move the structure, and as a result, it is possible to provide a training machine that allows users to learn how to use their bodies efficiently, focusing on the trunk, by increasing the acceleration of upper limb movement and reducing unnecessary force exertion and muscle tension.

[0015] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of main components in a training machine similar to that of embodiment 1; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an assumed range of the total weight of the structure of the training machine in embodiment 1; FIG. 3 is a diagram summarizing subject information for the verification method in embodiment 1; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing weight settings and load settings for each trial in the verification method in embodiment 1; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the flow during one cycle of training movement (from the start to the end of one training movement) in embodiment 1 and an example of the force waveform exerted at that time;

[0016] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The relationships between the embodiments and the claims are as follows: The description of embodiment 1 mainly relates to claims 1, 2, and 3, the description of embodiment 2 mainly relates to claims 4 and 5, and the description of embodiment 3 mainly relates to claims 6 and 7. The present invention should not be limited to these embodiments in any way, and may be embodied in various forms without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0017] <Embodiment 1 (Corresponding mainly to Claims 1, 2 and 3)> <Summary of Embodiment 1> The invention of this embodiment is based on the entirely new idea of ​​setting the total weight of a structure including at least an arm unit located on the opposite side of a back weight in a training machine within a predetermined range, and is a training machine in which training is carried out by gripping with the hand an arm unit that is connected to one or more back weights via a tension member and is movable up and down along a guide pillar and moving it against the weight of the back weight, and the invention of a training machine configured so that when the total weight of the structure located on the opposite side of the back weight and including at least the arm unit is Ma, the relational expression "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg" holds true.

[0018] 1 is an overall view of a training machine according to this embodiment. As shown in this figure, a training machine 100 according to this embodiment includes a chair 101, a back weight 102, an arm unit 103, a gripping unit 104, a guide support 105, a back weight guide support 106, a tension member 107, a pulley 108, and a pin 109.

[0019] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Chair> The "chair" 101 is a chair on which a user sits during training. For example, the chair 101 is typically configured so that the user sits with the back weight 102 (described later) facing backward and facing forward. Furthermore, for example, the chair 101 may be configured with an "adjustment mechanism" that allows the user to adjust the height, angle, and forward / backward position of the chair 101 to an appropriate position depending on the user's attributes (e.g., height, weight, build, sitting height, age, gender, years of training experience, etc.) and their current health condition. The chair 101 also plays an important role in ensuring that the user trains in the correct posture and effectively trains specific muscle groups. In particular, for users who are beginners, elderly, or undergoing rehabilitation, the appropriate sitting posture changes depending on the learning process of training movements, changes in physical function, and the state and recovery of injuries. Therefore, it is preferable to be able to adjust the height, angle, and forward / backward position of the chair 101 to suit the current situation.

[0020] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Back Weight> The "back weight" 102 is composed of multiple plates (weights) to serve as a load during training. For example, the back weight 102 may be composed of a weight stack (a stack of weights), with each plate (weight) being selectable from 1.0 kg, 2.5 kg, or 5.0 kg. The role of the back weight is to provide a load when the user performs machine training. For example, typical plates (weights) are often made from the following materials: (1) Cast iron - The most commonly used material, it is inexpensive and has high weight accuracy. - The surface is powder coated for rust prevention. (2) Steel - Used in high-end machines. It has excellent strength and wear resistance and can be made thinner and more compact. (3) Urethane-coated iron - Cast iron or steel with a urethane coating on the surface. Used to prevent noise and scratches and improve durability.

[0021] Here, a pin (also called a stack pin) 109 is provided in advance as a "load adjustment means" for adjusting the weight (load) of the weight stack. This pin 109 is used to select the weight to be used from the weight stack (stack of weights). The weight to be used can be easily adjusted by inserting the pin 109 into a different position. Furthermore, the load can be changed simply by removing the pin 109 and reinserting it into the desired plate (weight) position, allowing for quick load changes before and after training. Furthermore, as long as the pin 109 is firmly fixed, only the selected plate (weight) can be lifted, ensuring safe training. The pin 109 is generally molded from stainless steel, which has excellent corrosion resistance and strength. The tip of the pin 109 may also have a magnet or plastic cover attached, which enhances fixation and safety.

[0022] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Arm Unit> The "arm units" 103 are located at two locations, left and right, for training both arms. They are connected to the back weight 102 via tension members 107 (described later), and are inserted through guide posts 105 (described later) so that they can move up and down along the guide posts 105. The arm units 103 also have two rotation axes, a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, and are configured to be rotatable around the guide posts 105 as the vertical axis. They also have a horizontal axis perpendicular to the vertical axis, and are configured to be rotatable around the horizontal axis. The role of the arm units 103 is to provide the user with the degree of freedom necessary to perform specific exercises and effectively accelerate the targeted upper limb girdle.

[0023] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Grip Unit> The "grip units" 104 are located at two locations, one on the left and one on the right, for training with both arms. Each is connected to an arm unit 103 and configured to be rotatable around the connected vertical axis. A user can perform training by grasping the grip units 104 with their hands and moving the arm units 103 up and down. Furthermore, because the grip units 104 are rotatable around the vertical axis, rotating the grip units 104 pulls the tension members 107, applying a load to the rotation of the grip units around the vertical axis. The role of the grip units 104 is to provide a stable grip for the user when exercising, supporting safe and effective training. For example, in the present invention, the arm units 103 and the grip units 104 are collectively referred to as the "arm units" and may be referred to as the "arm units." Also, for example, in the present invention, grasping the gripping portion 104 with one's hand may be expressed as "grasping," and since the arm unit 103 and the gripping portion 104 may be collectively expressed as the "arm unit" as described above, the "arm unit" may also be expressed as "grasping."

[0024] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Guide Columns> The "guide columns" 105 are located at two locations, one on the left and one on the right, and are vertically extending columns that are inserted into the arm unit 103 and serve to guide the arm unit 103 so that it can move up and down. The role of the guide columns 105 (also referred to as guide rods or guide poles, for example) is to stabilize the machine structure and support its operation within a specific range of motion. For example, the guide columns 105 may be made of carbon steel (high strength and rigidity, and excellent wear and corrosion resistance), stainless steel (rust-resistant and highly corrosion-resistant), hard chrome-plated steel (low friction, scratch-resistant, and wear-resistant), aluminum alloy (lightweight and easy to handle, and the surface can be anodized to improve wear resistance), or the like.

[0025] <Embodiment 1: Description of the Structure: Back Weight Guide Columns> "Back weight guide columns" 106 are located at two locations, one on the left and one on the right, and are inserted into the back weight 102. In other words, the back weight (weight stack) 102 is configured to move up and down along these back weight guide columns 106. The role of the back weight guide columns 106 is to stabilize the machine structure and guide the back weight 102's safe and smooth up and down movement. For example, typical back weight guide columns are often made of "chrome-plated steel" (which has a smooth surface, ensures wear resistance, and functions as a rail for the plate (weight) to move smoothly up and down). One back weight guide column is installed on each side of the training machine and fixed to the frame of the training machine. Periodic application of lubricant can minimize friction.

[0026] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Tensioning Member> The "tensioning members" 107 are located at two locations, one on the left and one on the right, and serve to connect the back weight 102 and the arm unit 103 via a pulley 108, which will be described later. In other words, when an exercise is performed to pull the arm unit 103 downward, the back weight 102 is configured to be lifted upward via the pulley 108, which will be described later. The tensioning members 107 are also used to lift the weight and apply resistance during exercise. These members play an important role in ensuring the functionality and safety of the machine. Here, for example, the tension member 107 may be appropriately selected from wire rope (steel coated with nylon, which has high strength and durability), Kevlar (registered trademark) cable (molded from Kevlar (registered trademark) fiber or aramid fiber, which is lighter than metal wire but has high tensile strength, is flexible, and is more resistant to abrasion than metal), reinforced resin belt (molded from polyester, nylon, polyurethane, etc., which is quiet, has little stretch, is relatively lightweight, and is easy to maintain), etc.

[0027] <Embodiment 1: Description of Configuration: Pulleys> There are two "pulleys" 108 on each side, and they are configured to change the direction of the tensioning member 107 from the back weight 102 from a vertical direction to a horizontal direction, and then change the direction again to a vertical direction, thereby connecting the tensioning member 107 to the arm unit. In other words, the pulleys 108 play a role in allowing the tensioning member 107 to slide smoothly. Furthermore, the role of the pulleys is to transmit resistance during exercise and to support smooth and effective movement.

[0028] 2 is a partially enlarged view of the training machine according to this embodiment. As shown in this figure, the area surrounded by the dotted line corresponds to the "structure" 207 in this embodiment. In other words, the "structure" 207 exists in two locations, one on the left and one on the right. The structure includes at least a pair of arm units 201 (including covers), and also a pair of gripping parts 202.

[0029] 3 is a partial top view of the training machine of this embodiment. As shown in this figure, inside the arm unit 301 with the cover removed, there are provided a gear 307 that transmits the rotational motion of the gripper 302 to the tensioning member, and a small pulley 308 that converts the direction of motion of the tensioning member. In other words, the "structure" 207 in FIG. 2 includes these components.

[0030] 4 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of the main components of a training machine similar to this embodiment. As shown in this diagram, the following four patterns are possible depending on the combination of a "structure" 401 including at least an arm unit, a back weight 402, and a front weight 403. It goes without saying that the "structure" 401, the back weight 402, and the front weight 403 will naturally need to be designed to prevent them from interfering with or colliding with each other.

[0031] For example, in Figure 4 (1), a front weight 403 is provided just above the "structure" 401, and when the "structure" 401 is pulled down, the back weight 402 is lifted up via a pulley. On the other hand, the front weight 403 moves in the same downward direction as the "structure" 401.

[0032] For example, in Figure 4 (2), a front weight 403 is connected to the end of a "structure" 401 via a pulley, and when the "structure" 401 is pulled down, the back weight 402 is lifted up via the pulley. On the other hand, the front weight 403 moves in the same downward direction as the "structure" 401.

[0033] For example, in Figure 4 (3), the "structure" 401 is connected to the inside of a double-structure pulley, and the front weight 403 is connected to the outside of this double-structure pulley. In this case, when the "structure" 401 is pulled down, the back weight 402 is lifted up via the pulley. On the other hand, the front weight 403 moves in the same downward direction as the "structure" 401.

[0034] For example, in FIG. 4(4), the "structure" 401 is connected to the inside of a double-structure pulley via a pulley, and the back weight 402 is also connected to the inside of this double-structure pulley. In addition, the front weight 403 is connected to the outside of this double-structure pulley. In this case, when the "structure" 401 is pulled down, the back weight 402 is lifted up via the double-structure pulley. On the other hand, the front weight 403 moves in the same downward direction as the "structure" 401.

[0035] Hereinafter, we will explain the verification that the relational expression "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg" holds when the total weight of the "structure" including at least the arm unit of the training machine in this embodiment is Ma. Note that the total weight of the "structure" refers to the sum of the weights of the "structure" at two locations, one on the left and one on the right.

[0036] 5 is a diagram showing an example of the assumed range of the total weight of the structure of the training machine in this embodiment. As shown in this diagram, the initial assumption was that there was first a "(3) range considered to be the optimal weight" (e.g., 36 kg≦Ma≦42 kg), and above and below that range were a "(2) range considered to be sub-optimal" (e.g., 30 kg≦Ma≦34 kg) and a "(4) range considered to be sub-optimal" (e.g., 44 kg≦Ma≦52 kg), and above and below that range were further considered to be a "(1) range considered to be inappropriate" (e.g., 20 kg≦Ma≦28 kg) and a "(5) range considered to be inappropriate" (e.g., 54 kg≦Ma≦66 kg).

[0037] Next, the purpose of verification of the training machine in this embodiment, the contents of verification, the verification method, and the verification results will be explained in order.

[0038] <Purpose of Verification> The purpose is to verify the "appropriateness" of setting the range of the total weight Ma of the structure including at least the arm unit (hereinafter referred to as "arm unit weight" for ease of understanding) to "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg".

[0039] <Verification details> By changing the arm unit weight, we investigated the differences in the tension (force exerted) and acceleration generated during the pull-down movement in the downward direction, and also investigated the subjective evaluation of the skin feel when performing the training movement as a sensory test. Furthermore, we performed multivariate analysis (e.g., cluster analysis) based on the variables obtained from these to verify whether there were statistical differences between the arm unit weight range and weights outside that range.

[0040] <Verification Method> <Subjects> FIG. 6 is a diagram summarizing subject information for the verification method of this embodiment. As shown in this diagram, the subjects were 12 adult men and women (11 men and 1 woman) with no injuries or disabilities to their upper limbs or trunks. Of these, only "Sub10" was female, and only "Sub3" and "Sub10" were left-handed. The sports experience listed was the top two years of experience (excluding childhood). Additionally, "TE" represents years of training experience, and subjects ranged from beginners (0-5) to intermediates (6-10) and advanced players (11 and above). Note that "Mean" in FIG. 6 represents the average value, and "SD" represents the standard deviation relative to the average value.

[0041] <Weight and Load Settings for Each Trial> Figure 7 is a diagram showing the weight and load settings for each trial in the verification method of this embodiment. As shown in this figure, in order to verify the difference between the arm unit weight (Ma) and other weight ranges, each test subject was individually trained using an appropriate load (back weight load, i.e., weight stack load. Hereinafter, to clearly distinguish between the weight of the arm unit and the weight of the weight stack, the term "weight" will be used to refer to the weight of the arm unit and the term "load" will be used to refer to the weight of the weight stack.) The arm unit weight was changed from 20 kg to 66 kg (24 levels in total: W20 to W66) in 2 kg increments.

[0042] The reason for setting the range from 20 kg to 66 kg is to determine whether a boundary line can be drawn between the weight range (25 kg≦Ma≦60 kg) set forth in claim 1 of the basic application of the present application, or between weights around that range, in terms of functional and effective differences. The test range was set to arm unit weights that were at least 5 kg away from the weight range (lower limit: 20 kg (-5 kg), upper limit: 66 kg (+6 kg)). Note that setting a weight below 20 kg would require fundamental changes to the mechanism and structure of the training machine used in the test, making it unsuitable for comparison. Furthermore, for weights over 66 kg, the combined weight of the balancer and weight stack would approach or exceed 150 kg, which would require moving a weight via a tension member. This was deemed inappropriate for testing in terms of the danger to the test subject and the strength and durability of the upper body training machine, and was therefore excluded from the test conditions.

[0043] Here, the term "balancer" refers to a weight placed on the weight stack to prevent the structure from falling from above in the machine of this embodiment. In the machine of this embodiment, the balancer is composed of a core rod through which the weight plates constituting the weight stack pass, and the core rod has holes through which the weight plates pass and into which weight stack pins are inserted. The user inserts the pins to lift the weight stack load to set the desired weight for training. In this case, the balancer moves up and down together with the set weight stack load as a back weight. However, since its role is solely to balance the weight of the structure, it does not provide a load to the user during training for the same weight as the structure. However, if the weight of the balancer is the same or lighter than the weight of the structure, the weight of the structure is so heavy that removing the weight stack pin would cause the structure to fall from above, posing a risk of injury to the user. Furthermore, the back weight would no longer function as a load, resulting in no training. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, in this verification, the balancer weight was set to be 5 kg heavier than the arm unit weight (denoted as W in FIG. 7).

[0044] In addition to the trial conditions in which the weight setting was changed in 2 kg increments within the weight range of 20 kg to 66 kg, seven different arm unit weights (L0W20 to L0W66) were set to verify the effect of differences in arm unit weight when the weight stack load was set to 0 kg, and the participants were asked to perform training movements under a total of 31 trial conditions. The arm unit weight settings for the 0 kg weight stack load were 20 kg (L0W20: the lightest value in this trial), which is below the weight range set forth in claim 1 of the basic application of the present application (25 kg≦Ma≦60 kg), 42 kg (L0W42), which is considered to be the optimal weight, and three weights around these, namely, 32 kg (L0W32), 36 kg (L0W36), 50 kg (L0W50), 60 kg (L0W60), which is the maximum value of the weight range, and 66 kg (L0W66), which is a weight exceeding the weight range. Normally, trials for all arm unit weights should be conducted with a weight stack load of 0 kg, but seven different arm unit weights were set in order to minimize the number of trials necessary, taking into consideration the fatigue of the test subjects. Although the weight stack load was set to 0 kg, the balancer weight was set to 5 kg plus the arm unit weight (denoted as W in Figure 7) to prevent the structure from falling.

[0045] The order of each trial condition was as follows: first, subjects were asked to perform four conditions ranging from 36 kg to 42 kg, including 42 kg, which was considered the optimal arm unit weight (the order of the four conditions was randomly changed for each subject), and then the other trial conditions were randomly performed for each subject. The reason for this order was to allow subjects to first confirm the skin sensation at the optimal arm unit weight when performing the sensory test described below, thereby allowing them to relatively evaluate the difference compared to that. First, after a warm-up, subjects performed one set of 10 training movements under each trial condition, and the displacement, speed, and acceleration of the arm unit's vertical movement and the vertical tension exerted on the grip rotation axis were measured. Furthermore, after completing each trial, subjects were asked to perform four types of sensory tests and to subjectively evaluate the skin sensation during training. Before the actual measurement of each trial, subjects were asked to confirm the training movements two to three times before the actual measurement. The weight stack load used was selected from 5 kg and 10 kg depending on the subject's training experience and muscle strength, and the set load was not changed between trial conditions.

[0046] The tension (hereinafter referred to as "force") exerted during the training movement was measured using load cells (model number: UMM1R, manufactured by MinebeaMitsumi (registered trademark), maximum measurement weight: 980 N) attached to the rotation axis of both the left and right gripping parts. The strain generated by pulling the gripping parts was measured, and the analog data measured by a dedicated PC was converted to digital (A / D conversion) and recorded as the tension exerted during the training movement. The sampling frequency (number of data collections) was 1 kHz (1,000 data points per second). In addition, the vertical movement of the arm unit was measured using a rotary encoder (model number: E6C3-AG5C, manufactured by Omron (registered trademark)) attached to the rotation axis of the pulley used to slide the tensioning member, measuring the travel distance of the tensioning member. The sampling frequency was 1 kHz, and as with the load cells, the recorded analog data was converted to digital (A / D conversion) and then recorded on a dedicated PC.

[0047] <Sensory Test> Four subjective evaluations were conducted as sensory tests (evaluation of skin sensation) when the training movements were performed under each trial condition. Three of the subjective evaluations were performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS used a 10 cm scale written on paper, and after performing the training movements, participants were asked to draw a diagonal line on the scale according to their subjective impression at the time. The evaluations included (1) a "sense of strain" which evaluates the degree of strain when pulling the arm unit mainly in the downward direction, (2) a "sense of acceleration" which evaluates the sensation of acceleration when pulling the arm unit downward, and (3) a "sense of stretch" which evaluates the degree to which the muscles around the scapula are stretched when pulled upward. For "strain," the leftmost point on the scale (0 cm) was "no muscle tension at all," and the rightmost point (10 cm) was "very strong muscle tension." For "acceleration," the leftmost point was "smoothest acceleration," and the rightmost point was "no acceleration felt at all, not smooth." For "stretching," the leftmost point was "no stretching felt at all," and the rightmost point was "excessive stretching." Note that for (1) "strain" and (2) "acceleration," the closer they were to 0 cm (left side), the higher the subjective evaluation (the better the skin felt when performing the training movement). For (3) "stretching," participants were asked to draw a diagonal line at the midpoint of 5 cm when they felt the best stretch.

[0048] In addition, (4) the "goodness of feel" during the training movements was evaluated comprehensively, taking into account the evaluations of (1) to (3) above. The overall evaluation was based on the evaluation of 42 kg, which is considered the optimal weight for the arm unit, and the other trial conditions were evaluated. If the goodness of feel was comparable to that of the 42 kg trial, a rating of "○ (3 points)" was given; if it was better than that, a rating of "◎ (5 points)" was given; if it was slightly worse, a rating of "○△ (2 points)" was given; if it was even worse than that, a rating of "△ (1 point)" was given; and if it was completely unsatisfactory, a rating of "× (0 points)" was given. Because this was an evaluation of feel, the evaluation of the trial conditions was always performed immediately after the completion of each trial. The evaluations of (1) to (4) above were performed immediately after the completion of the training movements for each trial condition.

[0049] <Data Analysis> Figure 8 shows the flow of one cycle of training movements (from the start to the end of one training movement) in this embodiment and the force waveforms exerted during that cycle. In this embodiment, the training movement begins with the structure positioned downward (cycle start), and the user starts with their arms extended at their sides. At this time, the shoulder joint is internally rotated, the forearm is pronated, and the upper limb is twisted inward. During the lengthening phase, the upper limb is raised to the maximum lifted position (reversal point) while twisting inward in accordance with the lifting of the structure from the starting position, and the upper limb is then extended again. Immediately afterward, the trunk muscles, stretched at the start of the shortening phase, contract like rubber due to the stretch reflex. Taking advantage of this characteristic, a force is exerted to pull the structure downward, generating high acceleration in the initial phase of the pulldown movement, which is the main movement. This causes the structure and upper limbs to move smoothly downward, returning to the starting position (cycle end). Figure 8 shows a typical example of the force exerted during this series of movements. The maximum force exerted (peak force) and the timing of the peak force appearance determine the acceleration of the pulldown movement. For example, waveform A, shown by the solid line, is a force waveform obtained when ideal force is exerted. Because the peak force value is high and the timing of the peak force is very close to the reversal point, the force exertion required to generate high acceleration is concentrated in the initial phase of the pulldown movement. On the other hand, for example, waveform B shown by the dotted line cannot exert a high force at the beginning of the pull-down motion, so it continues to pull the structure unnecessarily, prolonging the force exertion (delaying the appearance of the peak force), and making it impossible to accelerate efficiently. In this verification, we investigated how the magnitude of this force exertion and the timing of the peak force differ depending on the weight of the structure, and how this difference affects the acceleration produced.

[0050] The displacement data (tensile member travel distance) and force data were analyzed using analysis software (Matlab 2023a, manufactured by MathWorks®). Matlab 2023a is numerical analysis software used to filter and smooth signal waveforms and calculate target values ​​using various functions. Prior to analysis, the waveforms were first smoothed using a low-pass filter to remove noise from the recorded waveforms. Because the noise generated during measurement of displacement and force data is high-frequency, a low-pass filter was used to enable data analysis using waveforms with a frequency band lower than the cutoff frequency. The cutoff frequencies were 3 Hz for displacement data and 6 Hz for force data. The smoothed displacement data were then used to calculate velocity and acceleration. Each data set was divided into cycles, and cycles were divided using the peak value of the displacement data (the lowest point of the arm unit), with one cycle defined as the time from one peak value to the next. The time when the arm unit reaches the highest point (the point at which the movement changes direction) is located approximately halfway through the cycle (the vertical dotted line in Figure 8). The period from the start of each cycle to the point at which the arm unit changes direction in its up and down movement is the extension phase (the phase in which the agonist muscle group mainly involved in the pull-down movement is stretched (to the left of the vertical dotted line in Figure 8)), and the period from the point at which the arm unit changes direction to the end of the cycle is the shortening phase (the phase in which the agonist muscle group contracts concentrically (to the right of the vertical dotted line in Figure 8)).

[0051] The displacement data was used to calculate the arm unit's stroke length, peak velocity, and peak acceleration in the vertical direction for each cycle. The force data also included the peak force, the time from the turning point (time zero) until the peak force appeared (peak force timing), and the impulse for the 200 ms interval from the turning point. The average values ​​for eight cycles (cycles 2 through 9) out of the ten cycles were used for comparison. For the sensory test score, the leftmost point on the scale was set to 0 cm, and the distance from there to the subject's subjectively drawn diagonal line on the scale was measured. For example, a diagonal line drawn 1.6 cm from the left side of the scale was assigned a score of 1.6.

[0052] Statistical Analysis: Figure 9 is a tree diagram showing the classification of clusters by hierarchical cluster analysis in this embodiment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to clarify whether there were functional differences when training movements were performed using a weight stack load within the arm unit weight range Ma compared to other weight ranges (arm unit weights less than 25 kg (W20-W24) and 60 kg or more (W60-W66)) and a weight stack load of 0 kg. Hierarchical cluster analysis is a multivariate analysis that groups items with similar characteristics based on data and verifies whether there are statistical differences (different groups) between variables with no clear boundaries (in this case, arm unit weights). (For example, students in a school class can be asked to take tests in classics, mathematics, Japanese history, and chemistry, and the students can be statistically divided into "liberal arts type" and "science type" based on their scores.) In this verification, hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Ward's method (e.g., a method of integrating clusters to minimize the "increase in variance" caused by integrating clusters. This method is effective when emphasizing homogeneity within a cluster (similar things), and has high accuracy and good interpretability among hierarchical clustering methods), and Euclidean squared distance was used to measure the distance between variables. The number of clusters (number of groups) into which each variable was classified was determined from the constructed tree diagram. The data used in the cluster analysis included the arm unit's peak acceleration, peak force, peak force timing (the time from the point of change in movement, taken as zero, to the appearance of the peak of the force waveform), impulse, and values ​​from four sensory tests.

[0053] To compare the classified clusters (to verify whether there were statistically significant differences between groups), an unpaired one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, and if significant differences were observed between groups, Bonferroni's multiple comparisons were performed as a post-hoc test. Statistical analysis software (SPSS Statistics 24: IBM (registered trademark)) was used for the cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA, and the significance level for one-way ANOVA was set at less than 5%.

[0054] Here, "unpaired one-way analysis of variance" generally refers to a statistical analysis method for comparing the average values ​​of three or more groups. In other words, although the average scores of each group appear to be different, it is possible to determine whether this is just random variation or whether there is a real difference. The analysis results in a value called a p-value (probability of significance). For example, if p<0.05, it is considered a "significant difference," meaning that there is a real difference between the groups; however, if p≧0.05, it is considered a "not significant difference," meaning that the difference is likely due to chance.

[0055] Furthermore, while one-way ANOVA can statistically reveal differences between groups, it cannot reveal which groups differ. To do this, a post-hoc test can be performed to identify specific differences between groups. In this case, a t-test is considered because it compares the mean values ​​between two groups. However, with a t-test, the tests are performed independently for each group (e.g., group A vs. group B, group A vs. group C, group B vs. group C), making it impossible to consider the relationship between the tests (for example, when comparing group A vs. group B, the test values ​​do not indicate whether group A or group B differs from group C). When combining such comparisons between multiple groups, a method for multiple comparisons can be performed by correcting the p-value, and one such method is the Bonferroni method. In this study, the Bonferroni method was used to compare and test whether there were differences between clusters.

[0056] <Verification Results> To determine whether the arm unit weight (Ma) range, i.e., the weight range of "25 kg ≦ Ma ≦ 60 kg" set forth in Claim 1 of the basic application of the present application, is functionally different from arm unit weights outside this range, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify each trial condition into clusters (grouping similar conditions together). As a result, 31 trial conditions (W20 to L0W66) were classified as shown in the tree diagram in Figure 9. The horizontal axis of the tree diagram indicates the distance between clusters, with the longer the line, the greater the difference between the clusters. Conversely, for example, W36 to W60 in Cluster 1 show very similar characteristics and can be placed within the same cluster. Based on this inter-cluster distance, this verification divided the clusters into four clusters according to the position of the arrows.

[0057] Cluster 1, consisting of W36 to W60, includes the weight range of W36 to W42, which was considered the "optimal weight range" in Figure 5. Furthermore, the high weight range up to W60 was identified as having similar characteristics. Next, Cluster 2, consisting of W26 to W34 and W62 to W66, was shown to be close to Cluster 1, though not in the same group. Based on these results, W36 to W60, classified in Cluster 1, can be considered the "optimal weight range," while W26 to W34 and W62 to W66, classified in Cluster 2, can be considered the "suboptimal weight range." On the other hand, W20 to W24, classified in Cluster 3, and L0W20 to L0W66, classified in Cluster 4, can be considered distant from Clusters 1 and 2, and can be said to correspond to a group with different characteristics, the "unsuitable range." Cluster 4 was tested without a weight stack load (0 kg), so it goes without saying that it exhibits different characteristics, but the difference in Cluster 3 is thought to be due to the light weight of the structure, and so it was excluded from the weight range defined in this invention. In other words, the results suggest that the weight range defined in this invention has different functions and textures compared to when the structure weight is 24 kg or less.

[0058] 12 shows the weight range of the total weight of the "structure" based on the results of the hierarchical cluster analysis in this embodiment. As shown in this figure, Cluster 1, which is W36 to W60, is considered the "optimal weight range," and Cluster 2, which is W26 to W34 and W62 to W66, is considered the "suboptimal weight range." These are positioned as the weight ranges described in claim 1 of the present invention. However, a comparison between the clusters was conducted to see if there were any differences in the functions of the machine's movements, such as acceleration and peak force during actual training movements, and in the sensation felt when performing the training movements.

[0059] FIG. 10 shows an example of a comparison of average values ​​(force, acceleration, and stroke length) between clusters in this embodiment. As shown in this figure, (A) peak force, (B) impulse, (C) peak force timing (the time it took from the time of switching the movement to the appearance of peak force), (D) peak acceleration in the downward direction, and (E) downward stroke length of the structure. Cluster 4, which did not use a weight stack load, had a significantly lower peak force than the other clusters (p<0.01). Although there was no significant difference, Cluster 1 had the highest peak force among Clusters 1 to 3, followed by Cluster 2 and Cluster 3. Meanwhile, impulse, which indicates how much force was exerted at the beginning of the pull-down movement (downward movement), was also significantly lower in Cluster 4 than the other clusters. Cluster 3, which had the lightest structure, also had a statistically significant lower peak force than Cluster 1 (p<0.01) and Cluster 2 (p<0.05). Furthermore, peak force timing was significantly slower in Cluster 3 than in Clusters 1 and 2 (p<0.01), and significantly slower than in Cluster 4 (p<0.05). Next, peak acceleration during downward depression was significantly lower in Cluster 4 than in Clusters 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Although no statistically significant difference was detected, Cluster 1 had a significantly higher peak acceleration than Cluster 3 (p=0.069). Finally, stroke length in the downward depression direction was significantly shorter in Cluster 3 than in the other clusters (p<0.01), and Cluster 2 was also significantly shorter than Clusters 1 and 4 (p<0.01).

[0060] To summarize the above results, although there was a significant difference in stroke length between Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, which were considered to be in the optimal or near-optimal weight range, the results suggest that high acceleration was produced and high force was exerted at the initial stage of the movement. In contrast, Cluster 3 performed worse than Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, making it clear that there is a functional difference from the weight range of the present invention.

[0061] Next, a sensory test was conducted to compare whether there were differences in skin feel between the clusters. FIG. 11 shows an example of a comparison of average values ​​(sensory test) between clusters in this embodiment. As shown in this figure, participants were asked to evaluate (A) the "feeling of strain" when pulling the structure downward during downward pressure. Cluster 4, which did not use a weight stack load, was lighter than the other clusters, resulting in a significantly lower feeling of strain (p<0.01). However, when comparing Clusters 1 to 3, Cluster 3 had a significantly stronger feeling of strain than the other two clusters (p<0.01), and Cluster 1 had a significantly weaker feeling of strain than Cluster 2 (p<0.01). Next, a comparison of (B) the "feeling of acceleration" during downward pressure was conducted. Cluster 3 was rated as having significantly less smooth acceleration than the other clusters (p<0.01), while Cluster 1 was rated as having significantly smoother acceleration than Cluster 2 (p<0.01). Furthermore, for (C) "Stretchiness," Cluster 4 was rated as having a significantly weaker stretchiness than the other clusters (p<0.01). On the other hand, Clusters 1 to 3 were ranked around 5 points, which indicates an appropriate stretchiness, although there was a significant difference between Cluster 3 and the other two. Finally, for (D) "Overall Evaluation," Cluster 1 received the highest rating compared to the other clusters (p<0.01), while Cluster 3 received the lowest rating (p<0.01).

[0062] To summarize the above results, Cluster 1 was shown to have the highest evaluation of skin feel by the subjects, while Cluster 3 was shown to have the lowest evaluation, and it was revealed that Cluster 3, which is the lightest, differs from Clusters 1 and 2, which are within the weight range of the present invention, both in terms of functionality and skin feel. The conclusion of this verification was that, with regard to the total weight of the above-mentioned "structure," the "range considered to be optimal weight" was found to be approximately 36 kg to 60 kg, and the "range considered to be near optimal" was found to be approximately 26 kg to 34 kg and 62 kg to 66 kg. Overall, what can be seen from these verification results is that, when the total weight of the "structure" including at least the arm unit is defined as Ma, it is preferable to configure it so that the relational expression "25 kg ≦ Ma ≦ 66 kg" holds.

[0063] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a weight adjustment function is required to adjust the total weight of the "structure." For example, methods for increasing or decreasing the weight of each component constituting the "structure" are conceivable. Specifically, a method for adjusting the total weight of the "structure" by changing the material or composition of each component constituting the "structure" to make it heavier or lighter is conceivable. Another method for adjusting the total weight of the "structure" is to make weights detachable from the "structure." In other words, it is preferable to provide a configuration or structure that allows the user to freely attach or detach weights on the outside or inside of the "structure." Furthermore, a method for adjusting the total weight of the "structure" by increasing or decreasing the size of each component constituting the "structure" is conceivable. Any other method may be employed as long as it allows the total weight of the "structure" to be adjusted. However, such a method should be avoided if it adversely affects the performance or safety of the training machine.

[0064] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the "structure" is required to be configured so that the above-mentioned relational expression "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg" is satisfied by adding or removing one or more front weights (located on the opposite side of the back weights, and therefore referred to as "front weights"; the same applies hereinafter). Again, "Ma" represents the total weight of the "structure." For example, a method can be considered in which each member constituting the "structure" has a configuration or structure that allows one or more front weights to be added or removed. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 , a configuration or structure 204 that allows a front weight to be detached may be provided above the arm unit 201. Alternatively, a configuration or structure 205 that allows a front weight to be detached may be provided in front of the arm unit 201. Furthermore, a configuration or structure 206 that allows a front weight to be detached may be provided behind the arm unit 201. Alternatively, a configuration or structure that allows a front weight to be detached may be provided on the outside of a cover portion that covers the arm unit 201. In addition to these, any method may be adopted as long as it satisfies the above relational expression "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg" by adding or removing one or more front weights to the "structure." However, if such a method adversely affects the performance or safety of the training machine, it should be avoided.

[0065] It is possible that the arm unit, which is one of the elements constituting the "structure," is manufactured to weigh less than 25 kg, and then one or more front weights are added later to satisfy the above-mentioned relational expression "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg." Specifically, for example, it is possible that the arm unit is manufactured to weigh 20 kg, and after being adopted as one element constituting the "structure," it is modified to satisfy the above-mentioned relational expression "25 kg≦Ma≦66 kg" by adding one or more front weights (5 kg or more in this case), when used as a training machine; however, it is clear that such a case is also included in the invention of this embodiment.

[0066] In the above-mentioned "Effects of the Invention," the term "upper limb movement" is used, and the term "upper limb" has the following meaning. For example, "upper limb" refers to the part of the human body from the shoulder to the fingertips. Specifically, it includes the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand. "Upper limb" plays an important role in many exercises and daily activities.

[0067] We will also explain the main parts and functions of the "upper limbs." (1) Shoulder (including shoulder joint) - Part: The joint between the scapula, clavicle, and humerus. - Function: The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint that allows for a wide range of movement in the upper limbs. It is particularly involved in swinging the arm back and forth and side to side, as well as rotating it. The clavicle and scapula are called the "upper limb girdle," and are connected to the ribs at the sternoclavicular joint and to the humerus at the shoulder joint. The scapula, in particular, is connected to the trunk only at the clavicle and acromioclavicular joint, so it has six degrees of freedom: elevation / depression, abduction / adduction, and upward / downward rotation, providing a large range of motion.

[0068] (2) Upper arm (humerus) Location: The area from the shoulder to the elbow, including the brachialis muscle, biceps brachii (long head and short head), and triceps brachii (long head, short head, lateral head). Function: The brachialis muscle is involved in bending the elbow, the biceps brachii is involved in bending the elbow and supinating the forearm, and the triceps brachii is involved in extending the elbow.

[0069] (3) Elbow (elbow joint) Location: Includes the joints of the humerus and the radius and ulna of the forearm. Function: The elbow joint is a hinge joint, and its main movements are flexion and extension. It also allows for pronation (internal rotation) and supination (external rotation) of the forearm.

[0070] (4) Forearm (radius, ulna) Location: The area from the elbow to the wrist, consisting of two bones, the radius and the ulna. Function: The muscles of the forearm are responsible for the movement of the wrist and fingers, as well as the pronation and supination of the forearm.

[0071] (5) Hand (wrist, palm, fingers) ・Parts: Consists of the carpal bones, metacarpal bones, and phalanges. ・Function: The wrist joint enables flexion (palmar flexion), extension (dorsiflexion), adduction (ulnar flexion), and abduction (flexion) of the hand. The palm and fingers perform precise movements such as grasping, gripping, and twisting.

[0072] The upper limbs have the following main functions: (1) Mobility and carrying - The ability to lift, pull, and carry objects. For example, carrying a shopping bag or a heavy box.

[0073] (2) Operation and precision movements - Fine manual movements and working with tools. For example, writing with a pen, pressing a button, turning a doorknob, etc.

[0074] (3) Support and balance - Actions to support the body and maintain balance. For example, putting your hands on a wall or putting your hands down when you are about to fall.

[0075] (4) Communication - Non-verbal communication methods such as gestures and sign language. For example, waving, giving a thumbs-up, etc.

[0076] (5) Hitting or Throwing Objects - Throwing an object held in the hand far away by swinging the upper limbs, or hitting a flying object with an object held in the hand.

[0077] (6) Swinging during locomotion - Swinging while walking, running, or jumping can increase the efficiency of locomotion.

[0078] Furthermore, the training machine of the present invention is a machine designed to improve the coordination between the trunk and upper limbs, particularly for accelerating the upper limbs, and can also strengthen the muscle function required for this coordinated movement. Furthermore, by increasing the flexibility of each muscle, the range of motion of the joints can be expanded, improving the function of the upper limbs to accelerate the movement more smoothly. Below, we will explain the specific parts of the upper limbs and trunk muscles that can be strengthened with the training machine of the present invention, and their functions.

[0079] (1) Latissimus dorsi Location: A large muscle that extends from the lower to the upper back. Function: Involved in pulling the arms down and backward. Also supports the movement of pulling the upper limbs inward. This is the main muscle that is strengthened when using pull-down training machines.

[0080] (2) Teres major - Location: A muscle located from the bottom of the scapula to the humerus. - Function: Assists in adducting (pulling the shoulder joint toward the center of the body) and internally rotating the shoulder joint. Also acts on extension.

[0081] (3) Rhomboid muscles Location: Muscles located in the upper back, inside the shoulder blades. Function: Pulls the shoulder blades inward and maintains their stability. They are heavily involved in the movement and muscle strength of the upper limb girdle and shoulder joint in the horizontal extension direction.

[0082] (4) Trapezius muscle Location: A large muscle that is divided into upper, middle, and lower sections and extends from the upper to middle of the back. Function: Supports the movement of pulling the shoulder blades up and inward. Also involved in neck and shoulder movement. It is heavily involved in the movement and muscle strength of the upper limb girdle and shoulder joint in the horizontal extension direction.

[0083] (5) Biceps brachii Location: A muscle located on the front of the upper arm. Function: Involved in flexing (bending) the elbow and supinating (turning) the forearm outward.

[0084] (6) Brachialis muscle Location: Muscle located below the biceps brachii Function: Flexes the elbow.

[0085] (7) Serratus anterior Location: A muscle located on the outside of the chest wall. Function: Pulls the scapula forward and stabilizes its movement.

[0086] (8) Triceps brachii Location: Muscle located on the back of the upper arm. Function: Extends the elbow. Contributes greatly to the acceleration of the upper limbs.

[0087] (9) Pronator teres - Location: Muscle located in the upper forearm. - Function: Pronates the forearm.

[0088] (10) Posterior deltoid muscle Location: Located at the back of the shoulder Function: Extends the shoulder joint horizontally. Also assists in external rotation of the shoulder joint.

[0089] The muscle functions when using the training machine of the present invention are explained as follows: (1) Latissimus dorsi and teres major <Pulling down motion> In the downward motion, the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles are mainly active, exerting force when pulling the upper limbs down. Through this motion, the energy exerted in the trunk is transmitted to the upper limbs, allowing them to accelerate.

[0090] (2) Rhomboid and trapezius muscles <Scapular stabilization> During the lower back movement, the rhomboid and trapezius muscles pull the scapula inward and stabilize it, strengthening the mid-back and stabilizing posture.

[0091] (3) Triceps brachii <Elbow extension> During the downward thrust, the triceps brachii works as the upper limbs extend and accelerate. This strengthens the extension strength of the elbow joint and increases the acceleration movement.

[0092] (4) Serratus anterior <Scapular movement> During depressing movements, the serratus anterior pulls the scapula in the depressing direction, stabilizing the posture and position of the scapula before the upper limbs, creating a foundation for accelerating the upper limbs (anticipatory postural adjustment). This improves the coordination between the trunk and upper limbs, allowing for efficient acceleration movements.

[0093] As described above, the training machine of the present invention is extremely effective in strengthening the muscles of the upper limbs and trunk while improving the coordination between muscles, joints, and segments required for smooth, accelerated movements. Training with the correct form and appropriate weights can not only improve muscle strength, but also contribute to improving posture, posture adjustment ability, and joint function, such as range of motion and smooth movement.

[0094] <Effects of Embodiment 1> As described above, in the present invention, by keeping the total weight of the structure including at least the arm units within a predetermined range, it is possible to increase the energy exerted by the trunk required to move the structure, and as a result, it is possible to provide a training machine that increases the acceleration of upper limb movement, reduces unnecessary force exertion and muscle tension, and allows users to learn how to use their bodies efficiently, focusing on the trunk.

[0095] Second Embodiment (Mainly Corresponding to Claims 4 and 5) Overview of Second Embodiment The invention of this embodiment is a training method for performing training using the training machine of the first embodiment.

[0096] <Embodiment 2 Training Method> First, the user sits in the chair with the correct posture, grabs the gripping portion at the top with his / her hands, and performs a forceful pulling action (downward movement) on the "structure" including at least the arm unit, in order to increase the acceleration of the upper limb movement. At this time, in order to increase the tension exerted to accelerate the upper limb, it is important to (1) proactively adjust the posture of the trunk muscles and (2) exert force by making use of the stretch reflex characteristics of the muscles.

[0097] For example, with regard to (1) above, the trunk muscles perform the function of anticipatory postural adjustment, adjusting the trunk's posture prior to the acceleration of the upper limbs, thereby stabilizing the trunk's posture and creating a stable base, allowing the upper limbs to accelerate efficiently. In human physical exercise, the trunk and lower limbs adjust their posture prior to the voluntary main movement (in the training movement of this embodiment, the acceleration of the upper limbs in the downward direction), and this relationship enables high-speed, stable exercise. The training machine of this embodiment is designed to make it easier to mobilize the trunk muscles by keeping the weight of the structure within a predetermined range, and in fact, verification results showed that the peak acceleration and the impulse of the force exerted at the beginning of the downward movement that generates that acceleration were high.

[0098] Furthermore, for example, with regard to (2) above, greater tension can be exerted by utilizing the stretch reflex, in which muscles are stretched and then shortened like rubber bands, as in jumping using recoil, as this type of muscle contraction. Here, the series of muscle contractions in which muscles stretch and shorten is called the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). In other words, to increase the tension exerted to accelerate the upper limbs, it is important to utilize the SSC characteristics, which combine the stretch reflex and shortening contraction caused by voluntary muscle contraction, while the muscles undergo eccentric contraction in the latter half of the fist-up movement, around the time of the change in movement (the moment when the movement direction changes from fist-up to deceleration). Here, the "fist-up movement" is primarily the reverse movement of the "deceleration movement," and refers to the movement of returning the "structure" to its original position while stretching the muscles.

[0099] These make it possible to exert large muscle tension instantaneously, and when combined with a mechanism that makes it easy for the "structure" to physically accelerate in the downward direction (for example, a configuration in which the total weight of the "structure" is within a specified range), force is concentrated at the beginning of the downward movement, exerting high energy, and the upper limbs can be moved smoothly without having to continue exerting wasted force due to inertial movement caused by high acceleration.

[0100] Next, an explosive exertion of force creates a highly accelerated movement of the "structure" and upper limbs, but the "structure" slows down due to air resistance on the "structure," frictional resistance at the insertion point between the arm unit and guide column, frictional resistance between the pulley and tension member, and the weight of the back weight (weight stack), and eventually the speed in the downward direction reaches zero (end of movement) and the fist rises again.

[0101] The repetition of this movement from the start of the lowering movement to the end of the fist raising movement constitutes one cycle. By repeating this movement an appropriate number of times, effective training of the upper limbs can be performed.

[0102] <Effects of Embodiment 2> As described above, in the present invention, by appropriately performing training using the training machine of embodiment 1, it is possible to increase the energy exerted by the trunk required to move a structure, and as a result, it is possible to provide a training method that allows learning how to use the body efficiently, focusing on the trunk, with less unnecessary force exertion and muscle tension due to increased acceleration of upper limb movement.

[0103] Third Embodiment (Mainly Corresponding to Claims 6 and 7) Third Embodiment Overview The present invention is a training instruction method for having a user train using the training machine of the first embodiment.

[0104] <Embodiment 3: Training Instruction Method> In this training instruction method, one or more trainers (preferably trainers with specialized knowledge, such as trainers who are able to provide specific and detailed instruction on how to use the training machine) assist the user in teaching the training method of embodiment 2. For beginner trainers in particular, it is important for the trainer to provide step-by-step instruction on how to properly use the training machine, providing assistance as needed. It is desirable for the trainer to repeatedly perform training movements under the trainer's guidance, ultimately enabling the user to properly operate the training machine and perform the correct training method independently. For intermediate trainees, it is also desirable for the trainer to supervise the trainee to ensure that they do not use back weights of an inappropriate weight, which could result in muscle strain, inflammation, or other problems or breakdowns.

[0105] <Effects of Embodiment 3> As described above, the present invention can provide a training instruction method that teaches a user how to properly use the training machine in Embodiment 1 and teaches the user how to perform the correct training method, thereby increasing the energy exerted by the trunk required to move a structure, and as a result, increasing the acceleration of upper limb movement, thereby reducing unnecessary force exertion and muscle tension, and enabling the user to learn how to use the body efficiently, focusing on the trunk.

[0106] Training machine: 100 Chair part: 101 Back weight: 102 Arm unit: 103, 201, 301 Grip part: 104, 202, 302 Guide support: 105, 203, 303 Back weight guide support: 106 Tension member: 107 Pulley: 108, 308 Pin (stack pin): 109 Gear: 307

Claims

1. A training machine in which training is carried out by manually gripping an arm unit that is connected to one or more back weights via a tension member and that can move up and down along a guide support and moving it against the weight of the back weight, and is configured so that the relationship "25 kg ≦ Ma ≦ 66 kg" holds when the total weight of a structure located on the opposite side of the back weight and including at least the arm unit is Ma.

2. The training machine according to claim 1, which has a weight adjustment function that allows the total weight of the structure to be adjusted.

3. A training machine according to claim 1 or 2, which is configured to satisfy the above-mentioned relational expression by adding or removing one or more front weights to the structure.

4. A training method for performing training using the training machine according to claim 1 or 2.

5. A training method for performing training using the training machine according to claim 3.

6. A training instruction method for having a user train using the training machine according to claim 1 or 2.

7. A training instruction method for having a user train using the training machine according to claim 3.

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