Copolymer and coating composition for scratch resistant Anti-fog coating
A copolymer with siloxy-functionalized and hydrophilic organic monomer units addresses the challenge of balancing scratch resistance and anti-fog durability in transparent plastic substrates, offering enhanced performance and resistance to weathering.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/103152
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing anti-fog coatings for transparent plastic substrates, such as visors and helmets, struggle to balance good scratch resistance with long-lasting anti-fog durability and chemical resistance.
A copolymer comprising repeating units derived from a siloxy-functionalized monomer and hydrophilic organic monomers, which are combined through radical polymerization to form a coating that provides both anti-fog durability and scratch resistance.
The copolymer achieves excellent anti-fog performance, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance, maintaining durability even after weathering tests.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024103152-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024103152-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024103152-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
COPOLYMER AND COATING COMPOSITION FOR SCRATCH RESISTANT ANTI-FOG COATINGFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a copolymer, a method for preparing the copolymer, and a coating composition comprising the copolymer. In particular, the copolymer comprises repeating units derived from a siloxy-functionalized monomer and hydrophilic organic monomers. The copolymer and the coating composition impart anti-fog and / or scratch resistance to a substrate or article to which they are applied. The present invention also relates to an article comprising a coating film formed from the coating composition and a method for imparting anti-fog and / or scratch resistant properties to a substrate or an article.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Transparent plastic substrates, such as those made from polycarbonate and poly (meth) acrylate, are widely used in various applications such as visor and helmet. Such transparent substrates may suffer from fogging and become hazy due to condensation of droplets on surfaces thereof, when the surface temperature of the substrates is below the dew point of ambient moisture.
[0003] A conventional solution for solving the fogging problem is to coat an anti-fog coating film on the surface of the transparent substrates. However, existing anti-fog coating for example in visor and helmet market provides either good scratch resistance, such as steel wool resistance, or limited anti-fog durability (tested by continuous cloth wipe) . However, it is hard to combine these two characteristics at the same time.
[0004] Therefore, there remains a need to provide an anti-fog coating which has a clear appearance, exhibits both good anti-fog durability and good scratch resistance, and also provides excellent anti-fog performance and chemical resistance.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] In an aspect, the present invention relates to a copolymer comprising:
[0006] a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) :
[0007] a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) : and
[0008] a third repeating unit represented by general formula (3) :
[0009] wherein
[0010] R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;
[0011] X is a monovalent siloxy-containing group represented by - (L1) m-C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n,
[0012] Y is a monovalent organic group represented by - (L2) m-C (O) -N (R21) (R22) , and
[0013] Z is a monovalent organic group represented by - (L3) m-C (O) -N (R31) (R32) ,
[0014] where
[0015] each occurrence of L, L1, L2 and L3 independently represents a substituted or un-substituted divalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;
[0016] R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms;
[0017] R12 is each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;
[0018] R21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;
[0019] R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom to which they are attached and are represented by – (CR33R34) p–R– (CR35R36) q–where R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; R is O or S; subscripts p and q are each independently 1, 2, or 3;
[0020] each occurrence of subscript m is independently 0 or 1; and
[0021] subscript n is 1, 2 or 3.
[0022] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for preparing the copolymer in accordance with the above aspect, wherein a first monomer of the formula C (R1) (R2) =C (R3) X, a second monomer of the formula C (R4) (R5) =C (R6) Y and a third monomer of the formula C (R7) (R8) =C (R9) Z, with each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X, Y and Z being defined as above, are subject to radical polymerization.
[0023] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a coating composition comprising the copolymer in accordance with the above aspect.
[0024] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to an article comprising a substrate, wherein the article comprises on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate a coating film formed from the coating composition in accordance with the above aspect.
[0025] In still another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for imparting anti-fog and / or scratch resistant properties to a substrate or an article, comprising applying the copolymer or the coating composition in accordance with the above aspect to the substrate or the article.
[0026] By use of the copolymer in accordance with the present invention, good anti-fog durability even after controlled weathering test, and also good scratch resistance are achieved. In addition, excellent anti-fog performance and chemical resistance are also given.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0027] In the specification and claims herein, the following terms and expressions are to be understood as indicated.
[0028] The singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” include the plural, and reference to a particular numerical value includes at least that particular value, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0029] The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as” ) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed.
[0030] No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
[0031] The terms, “comprising” , “including” , “containing” , and grammatical equivalents thereof are inclusive or open-ended terms that do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps, but will also be understood to include the more restrictive terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” .
[0032] Other than in the working examples or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts of materials, temperatures, time durations, quantified properties of materials, and so forth, stated in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” whether or not the term “about” is used in the expression. “About” is inclusive of the stated value and can mean being within ±10%or 5%of the stated value, for example.
[0033] It will be understood that any numerical range recited herein includes all sub-ranges within that range and any combination of the various endpoints of such ranges or sub-ranges.
[0034] It will be further understood that any compound, material or substance which is expressly or implicitly disclosed in the specification and / or recited in a claim as belonging to a group of structurally, compositionally and / or functionally related compounds, materials or substances includes individual representatives of the group and any or all combinations thereof.
[0035] Throughout the disclosure, the term “hydrocarbon group” means any hydrocarbon, either saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic, acyclic or cyclic, from which one or more hydrogen atoms has been removed; and represents any of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyclic alkyl, cyclic alkenyl, cyclic alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl groups which may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon group may contain up to about 20 carbon atoms and in another embodiment up to about 16 carbon atoms.
[0036] The term “alkyl” means any monovalent, saturated straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group. Examples of alkyls include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and cyclohexyl. The term “alkenyl” means any monovalent straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds where the site of attachment of the group can be either at a carbon-carbon double bond or elsewhere therein. Examples of alkenyls include vinyl, propenyl, allyl, methallyl and cyclohexylvinyl. The term “alkynyl” means any monovalent straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds and, optionally, one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, where the site of attachment of the group can be either at a carbon-carbon triple bond, a carbon-carbon double bond or elsewhere therein. Examples of alkynyls include acetylenyl, propargyl and methylacetylenyl.
[0037] The term “aryl” as used herein means any monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms. Examples of aryls include phenyl and naphthyl. The term “aralkyl” means any alkyl group (as defined herein) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by the same number of like and / or different aryl (as defined herein) groups. Examples of aralkyls include benzyl and phenethyl. The term “alkaryl” means any aryl group (as defined herein) in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been substituted by the same number of like and / or different alkyl groups (as defined herein) . Examples of alkaryls include tolyl and xylyl.
[0038] The term “heteroatom” means any of the Group 13-17 elements except carbon and includes, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. In some embodiments, the heteroatom is a halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. In some embodiments, the heteroatom is oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
[0039] Useful monovalent hydrocarbon groups include: linear or branched alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl such as n-hexyl, heptyl such as n-heptyl, octyl such as n-octyl, isooctyl and 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl such as n-nonyl, decyl such as n-decyl, and cycloalkyl such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and methylcyclohexyl; alkenyl groups, for example, linear or branched alkenyl such as vinyl, propenyl, allyl and methallyl, and cyclic alkenyl such as cyclohexenyl; alkynyl groups such as acetylenyl, propargyl and methylacetylenyl; aryl groups such as phenyl, naphthyl; alkaryl groups such as o-, m-and p-tolyl, xylyl; and aralkyl groups such as phenethyl and benzyl.
[0040] Useful divalent hydrocarbon groups include alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, or any combination of two or more thereof, which may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms, for example oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur atom or halogen atom. In some embodiment, the divalent hydrocarbon groups may optionally contain one or more functional groups including, for example, a hydroxyl, a mercapto, an ether, an ester, an amine, an amide, or a carboxyl group. The divalent hydrocarbon group may contain 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, for example 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms.
[0041] A “hydrophilic” substance (e.g., hydrophilic group, hydrophilic monomer, hydrophilic (co) polymer, etc. ) refers to one which has an affinity for water or is capable of absorbing water. A hydrophilic substance may be soluble or insoluble in water. In some embodiments, a hydrophilic substance can comprise hydrophilic and hydrophobic potions, but the hydrophobic portions are present in relative amounts such that the substance is hydrophilic as a whole.
[0042] Copolymer
[0043] In an aspect, the present invention provides a copolymer comprising repeating unit derived from a siloxy-functionalized monomer and from hydrophilic organic monomers. Without wishing to be bound to any theory, it is believed that the repeating units derived from hydrophilic organic monomers of the following formulas (2) and (3) may provide the copolymer with good anti-fog durability and good scratch resistance, and the repeating units functionalized with the siloxy group of the following formula (1) is beneficial for the scratch resistance. By the combination of the above repeating units, the copolymer gives good anti-fog durability with good scratch resistance. The copolymer would still impart excellent anti-fog durability even after weathering. Furthermore, the copolymer also provides excellent anti-fog performance and chemical resistance. The copolymer may further comprise repeating units derived from an additional organic monomer, which may tune the properties, such as the hydrophilic property, of the copolymer.
[0044] In particular, the copolymer herein comprises:
[0045] a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) :
[0046] a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) : and
[0047] a third repeating unit represented by general formula (3) :
[0048] wherein
[0049] R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. In one embodiment, the monovalent hydrocarbon group is selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, ethylphenyl, tolyl and xylyl. The monovalent hydrocarbon group herein may optionally contain a heteroatom, for example, a halogen atom, or oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom. In one embodiment, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently a hydrogen atom or methyl.
[0050] X in formula (1) is a monovalent siloxy-containing group represented by - (L1) m-C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n, where L1 represents a substituted or un-substituted divalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. In one embodiment, L1 is selected from methylene, ethylene, propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , and hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) . L1 may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom. L represents a substituted or un-substituted divalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. In one embodiment, L is selected from methylene, ethylene, propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , and hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) . R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms. Illustrative examples of R11 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, ethylphenyl, tolyl and xylyl. R12 is each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. R12 may optionally contain a heteroatom, for example, a halogen atom such as Cl or Br. Illustrative examples of R12 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, ethylphenyl, tolyl and xylyl. The subscript m is 0 or 1; and n is 1, 2, or 3.
[0051] In an embodiment, X in formula (1) is -C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n, with each of L, R11, R12 and subscript n being defined as above. In one embodiment, X is -C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n where L is an alkylene group having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 carbon atoms, preferably L being methylene, ethylene, propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , or hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) ; R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 carbon atoms, preferably R11 being methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, or hexyl; R12 is each independently selected from an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, an aralkyl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; and n is 2 or 3.
[0052] Y in formula (2) is a monovalent organic group represented by - (L2) m-C (O) -N (R21) (R22) , where L2 represents a substituted or un-substituted divalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. In one embodiment, L2 is selected from methylene, ethylene, propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , and hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) . L2 may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom. R21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to about 16 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. R21 and R22 may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms, for example, O, S or N. Illustrative examples of R21 and R22 include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, ethylphenyl, tolyl or xylyl. The subscript m is independently 0 or 1.
[0053] In an embodiment, Y in formula (2) is -C (O) -N (R21) (R22) , with each of R21 and R22 being defined as above. In one embodiment, Y is -C (O) -N (R21) (R22) where R21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, an aralkyl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; preferably, R21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; more preferably, R21 and R22 are each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, Y is -C (O) -N (R21) (R22) where R21 and R22 are each independently a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or tert-butyl.
[0054] Z in formula (3) is a monovalent organic group represented by - (L3) m-C (O) -N (R31) (R32) , where L3 represents a substituted or un-substituted divalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, more preferably about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom. In one embodiment, L3 is selected from methylene, ethylene, propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , and hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) . L3 may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms selected from, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom. R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom to which they are attached and are represented by – (CR33R34) p–R– (CR35R36) q–where R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, preferably about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms; R is O or S; subscripts p and q are each independently 1, 2, or 3. In one embodiment, p+q is 3, 4 or 5. The subscript m is independently 0 or 1.
[0055] In one embodiment, Z in formula (3) is -C (O) -N (R31) (R32) , where R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom to which they are attached and are represented by – (CR33R34) p–R– (CR35R36) q–where
[0056] R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; R is O; subscripts p and q are each independently 1, 2 or 3 with the limitation that p+q is 3, 4 or 5;
[0057] preferably, R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; R is O; subscript p is 2, and subscript q is 1 or 2;
[0058] more preferably, R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms; R is O; subscript p is 2, and subscript q is 2.
[0059] In an embodiment, the copolymer comprises or consists of:
[0060] a first repeating unit of formula (1) wherein X is -C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n, where L is selected from methylene, ethylene, propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , and hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) , preferably being selected from propylene (e.g., n-, or iso-propylene) , butylene (e.g., n-, or iso-butylene) , pentylene (e.g., n-, or iso-pentylene) , and hexylene (e.g., n-, or iso-hexylene) ; R11 is each independently methyl or ethyl; and n is 3;
[0061] a second repeating unit of formula (2) wherein Y is -C (O) -N (R21) (R22) , where R21 and R22 are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl group; and
[0062] a third repeating unit of formula (3) wherein Z is -C (O) -N (R31) (R32) , where R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom to which they are attached and are represented by – (CR33R34) p– R– (CR35R36) q–where R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently a hydrogen atom; R is O; subscript p is 2, and subscript q is 2.
[0063] In an embodiment, the first, second and third repeating units can be independently one type, or a mixture of two or more types of the first, second and third repeating units, respectively.
[0064] In an embodiment, the copolymer is a terpolymer. In other words, the first, second and third repeating units can be independently one type of the first, second and third repeating units, respectively.
[0065] The molar ratios of the repeating units are not particularly limited and can be selected according to the requirement. In an embodiment, the first repeating unit and the third repeating unit can be present in a molar ratio of about 0.1: 1 to about 10: 1, preferably about 0.5: 1 to about 5: 1, more preferably about 0.6: 1 to about 1: 1. For example, the first repeating unit and the third repeating unit may be present in a molar ratio of about: 0.1: 1, 0.2: 1, 0.3: 1, 0.4: 1, 0.5: 1, 0.6: 1, 0.7: 1, 0.8: 1, 0.9: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1 or a range defined by any two thereof. In an embodiment, the second repeating unit and the third repeating unit can be present in a molar ratio of about 0.1: 1 to about 10: 1, preferably about 1: 1 to about 8: 1, more preferably about 2: 1 to about 4: 1. For example, the second repeating unit and the third repeating unit may be present in a molar ratio of about: 0.1: 1, 0.2: 1, 0.3: 1, 0.4: 1, 0.5: 1, 0.6: 1, 0.7: 1, 0.8: 1, 0.9: 1, 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1, 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1 or a range defined by any two thereof. When the molar ratio of the first repeating unit to the third repeating unit or that of the second repeating unit to the third repeating unit is in the above-mentioned ranges, a better performance such as anti-fog durability and / or scratch resistance can be achieved.
[0066] In a preferable embodiment, the first repeating unit and the second repeating unit are present in a molar ratio of about 0.01: 1 to about 1: 1, preferably about 0.1: 1 to about 0.5: 1, more preferably about 0.2: 1 to about 0.4: 1. For example, the first repeating unit and the second repeating unit may be present in a molar ratio of about: 0.01: 1, 0.05: 1, 0.1: 1, 0.15: 1, 0.2: 1, 0.25: 1, 0.3: 1, 0.35: 1, 0.4: 1, 0.45: 1, 0.5: 1, or a range defined by any two thereof.
[0067] The molecular weight of the copolymer is not particularly limited and can be selected according to the requirement. In an embodiment, the copolymers herein may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 10,000 to about 100,000, preferably about 20,000 to 60,000, and more preferably about 40,000 to about 60,000, such as about: 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000, 70,000, 80,000, 90,000, 100,000, or a range defined by any two thereof, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standards. In an embodiment, the copolymers herein may have a number average molecular weight (Mn) of about 5,000 to 50,000, preferably about 7,000 to 30,000, and more preferably about 8,000 to about 9,000, such as about: 5,000, 6,000, 7,000, 8,000, 9,000, 10,000, 11,000, 12,000, 13,000, 14,000, 15,000, 16,000, 17,000, 18,000, 19,000, 20,000, 25,000, 30,000, 35,000, 40,000, 45,000, 50,000, or a range defined by any two thereof, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standards.
[0068] The copolymer may optionally comprise one or more repeating unit other than the first, the second, and the third repeating units. In a preferable embodiment, the copolymer consists of the first, the second, and the third repeating units. In a preferable embodiment, the copolymer is a terpolymer.
[0069] Method for Preparing the Copolymer
[0070] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the copolymer herein wherein a first monomer of the formula C (R1) (R2) =C (R3) X, a second monomer of the formula C (R4) (R5) =C (R6) Y and a third monomer of the formula C (R7) (R8) =C (R9) Z, with each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X, Y and Z being the same as defined regarding formulas (1) , (2) and (3) above, are subject to radical polymerization.
[0071] In a preferable embodiment, the first monomer is a siloxy-functionalized acrylate, particularly γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or γ-methacryloxypropyldiethoxysilane; the second monomer is N, N-dimethyl acrylamide, N, N-diethyl acrylamide, or N, N-dipropyl acrylamide; and / or the third monomer is 4-acryloylmorpholine.
[0072] The radical polymerization is well known in the art, and the specific condition for carrying out radical polymerization can be selected depending on the monomers used to form the copolymer. The temperature of the radical polymerization may be in a range of about 40℃ to about 100℃, preferably 60℃ to 90℃, such as about: 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 100℃. The duration of the radical polymerization may be in a range of about 1 to about 20 hours, such as about: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20 hours. For example, the radical polymerization may be carried out in a temperature ranging from about 40℃ to about 100℃ for a time period of about 1 to about 10 hours. The radical polymerization can be carried out in the presence of an initiator. The initiator can be, for example, a thermal initiator or a photo-initiator.
[0073] Illustrative examples of suitable thermal initiators include, but are not limited to, an azo initiator, an inorganic peroxide initiator, or an organic peroxide initiator, for example, an azo initiator selected from 2, 2’-azobis- (2-methylpropionitrile) , 2, 2’-azobis- (2-methylbutanenitrile) , or 2, 2’-azobis- (2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) ; an inorganic peroxide initiator selected from ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, or potassium persulfate; and an organic peroxide initiator selected from benzoyl peroxide or dilauroyl peroxide. In an embodiment, the thermal initiator is 2, 2’-azobis- (2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) or 2, 2’-azobis- (2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ABVN) .
[0074] Illustrative examples of suitable photo-initiators include, but are not limited to, benzoin methyl ether, diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone (HMPP) , 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and benzoylphosphine oxide such as 2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylophosphine oxide.
[0075] In a preferable embodiment, the initiator is added batchwise.
[0076] The radical polymerization may be carried out in a solvent. Illustrative examples of the solvent include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon solvent, alcoholic solvent, ether solvent, amide solvent, ester solvent, and halohydrocarbon solvent. Examples of the hydrocarbon solvent include n-hexane, n-pentane, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Examples of the alcoholic solvent include C1-C4 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol (IPA) , n-butanol, and t-butanol. Examples of the ether solvent include propylene glycol methyl ether, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether, dimethoxyethane, and 1, 4-dioxane. Examples of the amide solvent include dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) . Examples of the ester solvent include C1-C4 alkyl acetate esters such as ethyl acetate. Examples of the halohydrocarbon solvent include chloroform, methylene chloride, and 1, 2-dichloroethane. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, the ether solvent such as propylene glycol methyl ether is used for preparing the copolymer herein.
[0077] Coating Composition
[0078] In a further aspect, the present invention provides a coating composition comprising the copolymer in accordance with the above aspect. The copolymer may be present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt%to about 99.9 wt%, preferably about 2 wt%to about 50 wt%, preferably about 5 wt%to about 25 wt%, more preferably about 10 wt%to about 20 wt%, still more preferably about 10 wt%to about 15 wt%, , based on the total solid content of the composition.
[0079] The composition may further comprise a component selected from a catalyst, a surfactant, a solvent, a crosslinking agent, or any combination of two or more thereof.
[0080] Illustrative examples of the catalyst that may be used in the coating composition herein include, but are not limited to, tetraalkylammonium carboxylates of the formula [ (R41) 4N] + [OC (O) R42] -in which R41 is selected from an alkyl group having 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and R42 is selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, an aralkyl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, R41 is an alkyl having 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl or isobutyl. In some embodiments, R42 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl or benzyl. For example, the tetraalkylammonium carboxylate catalysts include, but are not limited to, tetrabutylammonium carboxylate such as tetrabutylammonium formate, tetra-n-butylammonium acetate (TBAA) , tetra-n-butylammonium propionate, tetra-n-butylammonium-2-ethylhexanoate, and tetra-n-butylammonium benzoate; and tetramethylammonium acetate, tetramethylammonium-2-ethylhexanoate, tetramethylammonium benzoate, tetraethylammonium acetate, tetraisopropylammonium acetate, and tetrahexylammonium acetate. Among these catalysts, tetrabutylammonium caboxylate catalysts are generally preferred, with tetra-n-butylammonium acetate and tetra-n-butylammonium formate being more preferred.
[0081] The catalyst may be present in the coating composition in at least a catalytically effective amount which in most cases can range from about 0.1 wt%to about 5 wt%, preferably from about 0.2 wt%to about 4.5 wt%, and more preferably from about 0.5 wt%to about 4 wt%, based on the solid content of the copolymer.
[0082] The surfactant may comprise a non-ionic surfactant, an ionic surfactant such as an anionic surfactant, or a combination thereof.
[0083] Illustrative examples of suitable non-ionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, polyhydroxyl alcohol fatty acid esters, alcohol ethoxylates, polyoxyethylene lauryl ethers, polyoxyethylene monostearates, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, ethoxylated castor oils such as polyethylene glycol castor oil, and the like. In an embodiment, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from polyhydroxyl alcohol fatty acid esters, for example, esters formed from polyhydroxyl alcohols having about 2 to 20 hydroxyl groups such as sugars, ethylene glycol, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and the like with fatty acids having about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms. In a preferable embodiment, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from sugar fatty acid esters, such as monoester, diester or triester of sucrose or glucose with a higher fatty acid such as lauric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, or with a lower fatty acid such as acetic acid and isobutyric acid. In one embodiment, a non-ionic surfactant is used which comprises sucrose fatty acid ester selected from sucrose monolaurate, sucrose dilaurate, sucrose monostearate, or sucrose distearate.
[0084] Illustrative examples of suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkali metal sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates and carboxylic acid salts surfactants. Specific examples of these surfactants include alkali metal sulfonates such as sulfosuccinates, sulfonated glyceryl esters of fatty acids, salts of sulfonated monovalent alcohol esters, and sulfonated aromatic hydrocarbon alkali metal salts such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and sodium alpha-naphthalene monosulfonate; sulfates such as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cetostearyl sulfate, triethanol amine lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl ether sulfate; phosphates such as the potassium salts of cetyl phosphate; and carboxylic acid salts such as alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids having about 6 to 30 carbon atoms. In an embodiment, the anionic surfactant is selected from sulfosuccinates, such as alkali metal (such as sodium or potassium) sulfonates of succinic acid monoesters or diesters, preferably sulfonates of monoesters or diesters of succinic acid with fatty alcohol having about 3 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably about 4 to 25 carbon atoms, and more preferably about 6 to 20 carbon atoms. Illustrative examples of sulfosuccinate surfactants include, but are not limited to, sodium sulfonates of succinic acid monoesters such as disodium lauryl sulfosuccinates, and sodium sulfonates of succinic acid diesters such as sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinates. In an embodiment, an anionic surfactant which comprises sulfosuccinate surfactants, for example, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinates is used.
[0085] The surfactant may be present in the coating composition of the present invention in an amount ranging from about 1 wt%to about 25 wt%, preferably from about 3 wt%to about 20 wt%, and more preferably from about 5 wt%to about 15 wt%, based on the solid content of the copolymer.
[0086] The coating compositions may include one or more solvents for dissolving or dispersing the various components. Illustrative examples of the solvent include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbon solvent, alcoholic solvent, ether solvent, amide solvent, ester solvent, and halohydrocarbon solvent. Examples of the hydrocarbon solvent include n-hexane, n-pentane, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Examples of the alcoholic solvent include C1-C4 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol (IPA) , n-butanol, and t-butanol. Examples of the ether solvent include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) , cyclopentyl methyl ether, dimethoxyethane, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and 1, 4-dioxane. Examples of the amide solvent include dimethylformamide (DMF) , dimethylacetamide (DMAc) , and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) . Examples of the ester solvent include C1-C4 alkyl acetate esters such as ethyl acetate. Examples of the halohydrocarbon solvent include chloroform, methylene chloride, and 1, 2-dichloroethane. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. In some embodiments, C1-C4 alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol (IPA) , n-butanol, and t-butanol are used for the coating compositions, especially the curable coating compositions.
[0087] The solvent may be present in the coating composition of the present invention in an amount sufficient for dispersing the various components, which amount may typically range from about 10 wt%to about 95 wt%, preferably from about 15 wt%to about 80 wt%, and more preferably from about 20 wt%to about 75 wt%based on the total weight of the coating composition.
[0088] A crosslinking agent may optionally be used. The crosslinking agent, if used, is preferably selected from alkoxylsilane compounds. The alkoxylsilane compounds may be any of trialkylmonoalkoxylsilanes, dialkyldialkoxysilanes, alkyltrialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes (also known as tetraalkyl orthosilicates) , with alkyltrialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes being preferred. Examples of trialkylmonoalkoxysilanes include trimethylmethoxysilane, trimethylethoxysilane, triethylethoxysilane, triethylmethoxysilane, and their mixtures. Examples of dialkyldialkoxysilanes include dimethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, and their mixtures. Examples of alkyltrialkoxysilanes include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane, and mixtures thereof. Examples of tetraalkoxysilanes (i.e., tetraalkyl orthosilicates) include tetramethoxysilane, dimethoxydiethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methoxytriethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and their mixtures.
[0089] The crosslinking agent may be present in an amount of at most about 10 wt%, preferably not more than about 5 wt%, and more preferably not more than about 1 wt%, based on the solid content of the copolymer.
[0090] In an embodiment, the curable coating composition of the present invention can be cured to form a cured composition in the absence of any crosslinking agent. A crosslinking agent is generally required in most of conventional curable coating compositions to cause curing of the coating. However, such a crosslinking agent as the alkoxysilane compounds may be subject to self-hydrolysis or condensation, resulting in undesirable by-reactions and by-products. Therefore, it is advantageous to avoid use of such a crosslinking agent.
[0091] The coating composition may further comprise, depending on the intended purpose of the composition, optional additives such as an adhesion promoter and a leveling agent known for such use in the coating field. The adhesion promoter may be generally selected by those skilled in the art depending on the substrates to be coated. For example, when the substrates to be coated are polymer substrates, the adhesion promoter may be (meth) acrylate polymers functionalized with hydroxyl, carboxyl or acid anhydride groups, such as (meth) acrylate polyol copolymers; and when the substrates to be coated are glass substrates, the adhesion promoter may be alkoxylsilane functionalized with amino, vinyl or thiol groups. Illustrative examples of the additives commercially available include, but are not limited to, 587 from BASF as the adhesion promoter for polymer substrates, SilquestTM A1110 silane and SilquestTM A1100 silane from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. as the adhesion promoter for glass substrates, and coatings additive from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. as the leveling agent.
[0092] In an embodiment, the coating composition may be present in a form of a two-or multi-packaging coating system comprising at least a first packaging composition and a second packaging composition, wherein the first packaging composition comprises the copolymer; and the second packaging composition comprises the catalyst. The multi-packaging coating system may further include a third packaging composition comprising one or more additional components selected from the surfactant, the solvent, the crosslinking agent, the adhesion promoter or any additive conventionally used in a coating composition such as the levelling agent. The additional components may also be present in the first packaging composition and / or the second packing composition, provided that they do no not react with the component (s) already present in the packing composition. In an embodiment, the coating composition is present in a form of a two-packaging coating system comprising the first packaging composition containing the copolymer and the crosslinking agent; and the second packaging composition containing the catalyst, with the remaining components being present in the first packing composition, or the second packing composition, or both. In one embodiment, the coating composition is present in a form of a two-packaging coating system comprising the first packaging composition containing the copolymer, the crosslinking agent and the solvent; and the second packaging composition containing the catalyst, the surfactant, the adhesion promoter, and the solvent which may optionally be different from the solvent in the first packaging composition. In another embodiment, the coating composition is present in a form of a two-packaging coating system comprising the first packaging composition containing the copolymer, the crosslinking agent, the adhesion promoter and the solvent; and the second packaging composition containing the catalyst, the surfactant, and the solvent which may optionally be different from the solvent in the first packaging composition. In a further embodiment, the coating composition is present in a form of a two-packaging coating system comprising the first packaging composition containing the copolymer, the crosslinking agent, the adhesion promoter, the surfactant and the solvent; and the second packaging composition containing the catalyst and the solvent which may optionally be different from the solvent in the first packaging composition. The coating composition is preferably present in the form of the two-or multi-packaging coating system in terms of storage stability. Each of the components may be present in the two-or multi-packaging coating system in an amount similar to those discussed above regarding the coating composition.
[0093] The coating composition herein may be prepared by simply blending the copolymer with the various components in desired proportions. The components may be dispersed or dissolved in a solvent before blending, or may be mixed together directly in the solvent. The curing composition may be optionally diluted to a solid content suitable for the coating method to be adopted to apply the coating composition to a substrate.
[0094] Article
[0095] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an article comprising a substrate, wherein the article comprises on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate a coating film formed from the coating composition in accordance with the above aspect.
[0096] Illustrative examples of suitable substrates include, but are not limited to, polymer, for example, (meth) acrylic polymer such poly (methylmethacrylate) , polycarbonate, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene terpolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and any other suitable substrate such as glass, or any combination of two or more thereof. In one embodiment, the substrate is selected from glass, (meth) acrylic polymer, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene terpolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or a combination thereof.
[0097] The coating composition may be applied to the substrate by conventional techniques such as brushing coating, spraying coating, dip coating, roller coating or flow coating. The applying or coating amount is not particularly limited and may be, for example, such that the coating film has a dry film thickness in a range of about 0.5 μm to about 30 μm, preferably about 1 μm to about 25 μm, more preferably about 2 μm to about 20 μm, even more preferably about 3 μm to about 15 μm, for example, about 4 μm to about 12 μm or about 5μm to about 10 μm.
[0098] The coating composition may be thermally or UV cured following application of the composition to the substrate. In an embodiment, the wet coating film of the coating composition on the substrate may be optionally flashed off before thermally cured in air or in an inert atmosphere by exposure to an elevated temperature of, for example, about 40℃ to about 200℃, preferably about 50℃ to about 180℃ and more preferably about 60℃ to about 150℃. In another embodiment, the wet coating film of the coating composition on the substrate may be cured by exposure to a suitable radiation such as ultraviolet radiation. The curing time may vary from, for example, about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours, preferably about 1 hour to about 3 hours, depending on the composition of the wet coating film.
[0099] The coating film formed from the coating composition herein can substantially limit or prevent fogging of the substrates. In an embodiment, the coating film has good anti-fog durability and good scratch resistance, and also good chemical resistance. As such, the substrates with such an anti-fog coating film may be used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, visor, helmet, a safety glass, a protective shield, an automobile headlight, a windshield, eyeglasses, goggles, a mirror, a transparent container, a window, or a camera lens.
[0100] Method for Imparting Anti-fog and / or Scratch resistant properties to a Substrate / Article
[0101] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method for imparting anti-fog and / or scratch resistant properties to a substrate or an article, comprising applying the copolymer or the coating composition in accordance with any of the above aspects to the substrate or the article. The substrates herein include, but are not limited to, polymer, for example, (meth) acrylic polymer such poly (methylmethacrylate) , polycarbonate, polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene terpolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or any combination of two or more thereof, and any other suitable substrate such as glass. In one embodiment, the substrate is selected from glass, (meth) acrylic polymer, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene terpolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or a combination thereof. The articles herein include, but are not limited to, visor, helmet, a safety glass, a protective shield, an automobile headlight, a windshield, eyeglasses, goggles, a mirror, a transparent container, a window, or a camera lens.
[0102] Examples
[0103] The present invention will be more specifically explained with reference to Examples, but these Examples shall not be construed as to limit the scope of the present invention. In the descriptions below, “part (s) ” and “%” denotes “part (s) by weight” and “%by weight” , unless otherwise stated.
[0104] Materials
[0105] ACMO (4-acryloylmorpholine) is obtained from KJ Chemical. DMAA (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) is obtained from Beijing Entrepreneur Science &Trading Co. Ltd. Silquest A-174 (γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) is obtained from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc. MMA (methyl methacrylate) is obtained from Mackin. AIBN (2, 2'-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) is obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The solvent Dowanol PM is obtained from Dow Chemical Company. MTMS, TBAA, OT-100 and L-1695 are obtained from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc., Macklin company, Solvay company, and MITSUBISHI-KAGAKU foods corporation, respectively. VW sunscreen cream, a double moisturizing watery sunscreen cream SPF50+ PA+++, is obtained from Mentholatum.
[0106] General Procedures for Preparation of the Copolymer
[0107] All of the monomers were dehydrated by molecular sieve for 16 hours before use. The reactor was flushed with N2 atmosphere for 30 minutes. Then, the reactor was charged with 75.00 g of the solvent (Dowanol PM) and heated to around 75℃. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 75℃, a mixture of monomers, 0.40 g of AIBN, and 75.00 g of Dowanol PM was fed over 2 hours. When the feeding was completed, the temperature of 75℃ was kept for 1 hour. Then, a solution containing 0.1 g of AIBN in 5.00 g of Dowanol PM was charged within 5 minutes and the temperature of the mixture was kept at around 75℃ for further 5 hours. Finally, the resultant is diluted with Dowanol PM and withdrawn. The resultant product is obtained with a solid content of around 20%.
[0108] General Procedures for Preparation of Coating Film on Polycarbonate (PC) Substrate
[0109] The copolymer dispersion as prepared was mixed with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as the crosslinking agent, the catalyst solution (20%tetra-n-butylammonium acetate (TBAA) in isopropanol) , the surfactant mixture (OT-100 and L-1695 in propylene glycol monomethyl ether) , and the solvent Dowanol PM to obtain a coating liquid. The composition of the prepared coating liquid is shown as in Table 1.
[0110] A polycarbonate substrate (PC grade: 2467) was wiped with isopropanol and dried with deionization wind. Then, the coating liquid prepared above was applied to a surface of the dried polycarbonate substrate by flow coating, and flashed off at room temperature for 5 minutes. The polycarbonate substrate was then allowed to cure in an oven at 120℃ for 2 hours and subsequently cool to room temperature.
[0111] Evaluation of Properties
[0112] Subsequently, the coated film was tested for appearance, haze, anti-fog performance, scratch resistance, chemical resistance and anti-fog durability. More details of each of the tests were given below.
[0113] Appearance
[0114] The coating film was checked visually by naked eyes.
[0115] Haze Test
[0116] The haze of the film was tested using Haze-gard Transparency Transmission Haze Meter from BYK, according to ASTM D1003.
[0117] Anti-fog Performance Test -EN166 / 30S Test
[0118] Before testing, the film to be tested was pretreated by soaking it in the water at room temperature for 2 hours and then drying it for 2 hours. Subsequently, the pretreated film was put in a water bath for the test. The temperature of the water bath was around 50℃, and EN166 testing equipment from Sunbond Optix Limited was used to measure transmittance of the film. If the measured transmittance is over 80%for 30 seconds, the film could be marked as “pass” .
[0119] Scratch Resistance Test
[0120] The test was carried out by scratching the coating film using steel wool (0000#) at 14 Kpa for 11 cycles. The haze values before and after the scratching were measured.
[0121] Chemical Resistance Test
[0122] The test was carried out by dipping chemical reagent on anti-fog performance film, and the treated film was kept at room temperature. After 24 hours, check film appearance change by visual after cleaning testing zone by water. ASTM D1308 could be taken as reference.
[0123] Anti-fog Durability Test
[0124] The test was carried out in a similar manner as the above anti-fog performance test after wiping the water formed on the film to be tested. Specifically, the water was conditioned to around 80℃. Then, the film to be tested was put above 5 centimeter the conditioned water for 40” to check fogging issue. If no fogging is formed on film, the anti-fog performance test in this cycle was marked as “passed” (otherwise marked as “failed” ) . Thereafter, wipe the water formed on the film to be tested and repeat the anti-fog performance test until it failed. The cycles of the anti-fog performance test were recorded.
[0125] Examples 1-3 &Comparative Examples 2-3
[0126] Copolymers in a form of dispersion of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 were prepared using the corresponding monomers as shown in Table 1 below under the above general procedures for preparation of the copolymer. According to the above general procedures for preparation of coating film on PC substrate, each of the copolymer dispersions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 was mixed with the catalyst solution, the surfactant solution, the solvent, the crosslinking agent of MTMS and the adhesion promoter in amounts as shown in Table 1 to obtain coating compositions; each of the coating compositions prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 2-3 was applied to the polycarbonate substrate and tested for appearance, haze, scratch resistance, chemical resistance and anti-fog durability using the testing procedures described above. The results were shown in Table 2 below.
[0127] The results in Table 2 show that the coating films of Examples 1-3 all have clear appearances, exhibit excellent scratch resistance and anti-fog durability, and also provide good anti-fog performance and chemical resistance by using the copolymer with the composition according to the present invention. By contrast, the coating films of Comparative Examples 2-3, which use the copolymers with the compositions not according to the present invention, have significantly poorer scratch resistance and anti-fog durability. Moreover, the coating film of Comparative Examples 2 has a hazy appearance and that of Comparative Examples 3 has a poorer chemical resistance.
[0128] Table 1
[0129] Table 2
[0130] While the disclosure has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
A copolymer comprising:a first repeating unit represented by general formula (1) :a second repeating unit represented by general formula (2) :a third repeating unit represented by general formula (3) :whereinR1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8 and R9 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;X is a monovalent siloxy-containing group represented by - (L1) m-C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n,Y is a monovalent organic group represented by - (L2) m-C (O) -N (R21) (R22) , andZ is a monovalent organic group represented by - (L3) m-C (O) -N (R31) (R32) ,whereeach occurrence of L, L1, L2 and L3 independently represents a substituted or un-substituted divalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms;R12 is each independently a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;R21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having about 1 to about 16 carbon atoms and optionally containing a heteroatom;R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom to which they are attached and are represented by – (CR33R34) p–R– (CR35R36) q–where R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; R is O or S; subscripts p and q are each independently 1, 2, or 3;each occurrence of subscript m is independently 0 or 1; andsubscript n is 1, 2 or 3.The copolymer of claim 1, wherein X is -C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n,whereL is an alkylene group having about 2 to about 10 carbon atoms; R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; R12 is each independently selected from an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, an aralkyl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms; and n is 2 or 3;preferably, L is an alkylene group having about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms; R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms; R12 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; and n is 2 or 3;more preferably, L is an alkylene group having about 3 to about 6 carbon atoms; R11 is each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and n is 3.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein Y is -C (O) -N (R21) (R22) ,whereR21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group having about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, an aralkyl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms, or an alkaryl having about 7 to about 16 carbon atoms;preferably, R21 and R22 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms;more preferably, R21 and R22 are each independently an alkyl group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Z is -C (O) -N (R31) (R32) ,where R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom and are represented by – (CR33R34) p–R– (CR35R36) q–whereR33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; R is O; subscripts p and q are each independently 1, 2 or 3 with the limitation that p+q is from 3 to 5;preferably, R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms; R is O; subscript p is 2, and subscript q is 1 or 2;more preferably, R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; R is O; subscript p is 2, and subscript q is 2.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the copolymer comprises:a first repeating unit of formula (1) wherein X is -C (O) -O-L-Si (OR11) n (R12) 3-n, where L is selected from propylene, butylene, pentylene, and hexylene group; R11 is each independently methyl or ethyl; and n is 3;a second repeating unit of formula (2) wherein Y is -C (O) -N (R21) (R22) , where R21 and R22 are each independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl and t-butyl group; anda third repeating unit of formula (3) wherein Z is -C (O) -N (R31) (R32) , where R31 and R32 together form a ring with the N atom and are represented by – (CR33R34) p–R– (CR35R36) q–where R33, R34, R35 and R36 are each independently a hydrogen atom; R is O; subscript p is 2, and subscript q is 2.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the first repeating unit and the third repeating unit are present in a molar ratio of about 0.1: 1 to about 10: 1, preferably about 0.5: 1 to about 5: 1, more preferably about 0.6: 1 to about 1: 1.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the second repeating unit and the third repeating unit are present in a molar ratio of about 0.1: 1 to about 10: 1, preferably about 1: 1 to about 8: 1, more preferably about 2: 1 to about 4: 1.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the first repeating unit and the second repeating unit are present in a molar ratio of about 0.01: 1 to about 1: 1, preferably about 0.1: 1 to about 0.5: 1, more preferably about 0.2: 1 to about 0.4: 1.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the copolymer consists of the first, the second, and the third repeating units.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the copolymer is a terpolymer.The copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the copolymer has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 10,000 to 100,000, preferably about 40,000 to 60,000, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene standards.A method for preparing the copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein a first monomer of the formula C (R1) (R2) =C (R3) X, a second monomer of the formula C (R4) (R5) =C (R6) Y and a third monomer of the formula C (R7) (R8) =C (R9) Z, with each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X, Y and Z being defined as in claim 1, are subject to radical polymerization.A coating composition comprising the copolymer of any one of claims 1-11 or the copolymer prepared according to the method of claim 12, preferably in an amount ranging from about 1 wt%to about 99.9 wt%, more preferably about 2 wt%to about 50 wt%, even more preferably about 10 wt%to about 20 wt%, wherein the coating composition particularly further comprises a component selected from a catalyst, a surfactant, a solvent, a crosslinking agent, or any combination of two or more thereof.An article comprising a substrate, wherein the article comprised on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate a coating film formed from the coating composition of claim 13.The article of claim 14, wherein the substrate is selected from glass, (meth) acrylic polymer, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyimide, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile-butadiene terpolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or a combination thereof.A method for imparting anti-fog and / or scratch resistant properties to a substrate or an article, comprising applying the copolymer of any one of claims 1 to 11, the copolymer prepared according to the method of claim 12, or the coating composition of claim 13 to the substrate or the article.
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