Terminal and communication method

Abstract

This terminal comprises: a control unit that modulates input data, performs discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading, executes symbol interleaving, executes inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and generates a signal by inserting a cyclic prefix (CP); and a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a base station. The control unit executes the symbol interleaving in a parallel mode.

Description

Terminal and communication method

[0001] The present invention relates to a terminal and a communication method in a wireless communication system.

[0002] The 3GPP (registered trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is currently studying a wireless communication method called 5G or NR (New Radio) (hereinafter, this wireless communication method will be referred to as "NR") in order to achieve a larger system capacity, a higher data transmission speed, and a lower latency in wireless sections. In 5G, various wireless technologies and network architectures are being studied to meet the requirements of achieving a throughput of 10 Gbps or more while reducing the latency in wireless sections to 1 ms or less (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).

[0003] Furthermore, various requirements are being considered for the next generation, 6G, such as ultra broadband communication, mission critical communication, ultra massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, and ubiquitous sensing.

[0004] To achieve these requirements, new concepts include extensibility (e.g., making it more future-proof), easy-operational, customizable (e.g., making it easier to operate), and sustainability (e.g., reducing costs, having a more robust configuration, and being resilient). Also, guaranteed communication, which always guarantees a minimum level of performance, is being considered.

[0005] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.7.0 (2023-12)3GPP TS 38.401 V17.7.0 (2023-12)3GPP TS 38.214 V17.8.0 (2023-12)3GPP TS 38.213 V17.8.0 (2023-12)3GPP TS 38.211 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0006] In next-generation wireless communication systems, when ensuring coverage performance in higher frequency bands than conventional ones, such as the millimeter wave band and the sub-THz band, a further reduction in the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is required to mitigate the effects caused by the nonlinearity of a power amplifier (PA).

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and has as its object to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, there is provided a terminal including a control unit that modulates input data, spreads it with a Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), performs symbol interleaving, performs an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), and inserts a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to generate a signal, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a base station, wherein the control unit performs the symbol interleaving in a parallel manner.

[0009] According to the disclosed technology, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (1). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (2). FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (3). FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (4). FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating interleaving performance according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (1) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving procedure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving procedure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (2) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (3) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (4) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving procedure 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving procedure 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of interleaving procedure 2 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of a transmitter in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of a transmitter in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of interleaving procedure 3 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of interleaving procedure 3 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of interleaving procedure 3 in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example (8) of a transmitter in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example (9) of a transmitter in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example (10) of a transmitter in an embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 or a terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, existing technology is used as appropriate. However, the existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE, but is not limited to the existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR), unless otherwise specified.

[0013] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention described below, terms such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) used in existing LTE are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be called by other names. In addition, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even if a signal is used in NR, it is not necessarily stated as "NR-".

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0015] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present invention, "configuring" radio parameters etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from the base station 10 or the terminal 20 are set.

[0016] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a base station 10 and a terminal 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one terminal 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each.

[0017] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the terminal 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks. The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the terminal 20. The synchronization signal is, for example, NR-PSS and NR-SSS. The system information is, for example, transmitted via NR-PBCH and is also referred to as broadcast information. The synchronization signal and system information may also be referred to as SSB (SS / PBCH block). As shown in FIG. 1 , the base station 10 transmits control signals or data to the terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from the terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 are capable of transmitting and receiving signals by performing beamforming. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 can apply MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication to DL or UL. Furthermore, both the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may communicate via a secondary cell (SCell: Secondary Cell) and a primary cell (PCell: Primary Cell) using CA (Carrier Aggregation). Furthermore, the terminal 20 may communicate via a primary cell of the base station 10 and a primary secondary cell group cell (PSCell: Primary SCG Cell) of another base station 10 using DC (Dual Connectivity).

[0018] The terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, such as a smartphone, a mobile phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal, or an M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communication module. As shown in Fig. 1, the terminal 20 receives control signals or data from the base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to the base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system. The terminal 20 also receives various reference signals transmitted from the base station 10 and measures propagation path quality based on the reception results of the reference signals.

[0019] Furthermore, various requirements are being considered for the next generation, 6G, such as ultra broadband communication, mission critical communication, ultra massive connection, universal coverage, intelligent connection, ubiquitous sensing, and the like.

[0020] Furthermore, the requirements may be ultra-high speed communication, large capacity communication, ultra-extended coverage, ultra-low power consumption, low cost, ultra-low latency, ultra-reliable communication, ultra-multiple connections and sensing, etc.

[0021] To achieve these requirements, new concepts include extensibility (e.g., making it more future-proof), easy-operational, customizable (e.g., making it easier to operate), and sustainability (e.g., reducing costs, having a more robust configuration, and being resilient). Also, guaranteed communication, which always guarantees a minimum level of performance, is being considered.

[0022] In the study of 6G technology, power amplifier (PA) nonlinearity is one of the major challenges in coverage performance for 6G NTN and high frequency bands (mmWave / sub-THz). DFT-s-OFDM with low PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) should be the baseline waveform for 6G, and PE enhancement based on DFT-s-OFDM should be further investigated.

[0023] For example, existing methods for PAPR reduction include 1)-4) shown below: 1) pi / 2-BPSK + FDSS (Frequency domain spread spectrum) 2) FDSS + Spectrum extension (SE) 3) Symmetric or asymmetric DFT-s-OFDM + Constellation rotation 4) DFT-s-OFDM with serial symbol level interleaving

[0024] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a transmitter (1). FIG. 2 shows an example of a transmitter that applies, for example, π / 2-BPSK as a constellation rotation together with FDSS. As shown in FIG. 2, modulation is performed using π / 2-BPSK. After DFT spreading, FDSS is performed. After subcarrier mapping and IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), CP insertion is performed to generate a signal.

[0025] Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a transmitter (2). Fig. 3 shows an example of a transmitter that applies FDSS and SE. Input data is modulated, DFT spread, and then SE is performed. FDSS is further performed, and after IFFT, CP insertion is performed to generate a signal.

[0026] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of a transmitter. Input data is modulated by applying constellation rotation, and a symmetric or asymmetric DFT is performed. FDSS is then performed, and after IFFT, a CP is inserted to generate a signal. FIG. 4 shows a π / 4-QPSK constellation. This is a constellation obtained by rotating the QPSK constellation by π / 4. FIG. 4 also shows a π / 12-QPSK constellation.

[0027] 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter (4), which modulates input data, performs DFT spreading, serial symbol interleaving, FDSS (optional), IFFT, and then performs CP insertion to generate a signal.

[0028] However, DFT-s-OFDM with serial symbol-level interleaving introduces large processing delay, and methods of combining symbol-level interleaving with SE for further PAPR reduction should be investigated.

[0029] So, parallel symbol interleaving for DFT-s-OFDM with or without SE may be performed.

[0030] Feature 1: Parallel symbol interleaving is realized by writing row by row and reading column by column in a specific order related to the coefficients of the linear polynomial and the subcarrier number, thereby simultaneously reducing PAPR and processing latency. Feature 2: Parallel symbol interleaving, combined with SE, further reduces PAPR.

[0031] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention. To reduce PAPR, parallel symbol interleaving may be performed to reduce the probability that adjacent symbol-equivalent shaped pulses are in phase, and may be further combined with SE. In the example of FIG. 6, rows are written out in order to obtain S, where S is the input vector of the parallel symbol interleaving module. Furthermore, columns are read out in a specific order to obtain S', where S' is the output vector of the parallel symbol interleaving module.

[0032] DFT-s-OFDM with symbol-level interleaving can achieve the same PAPR performance as pi / 2-BPSK and pi / 4-QPSK.

[0033] 7 is a diagram illustrating the performance of interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 7, symbol-level interleaving combined with SE can achieve PAPR gains of 2.9 dB and 1.8 dB compared to the NR baseline under BPSK and QPSK, respectively.

[0034] Symbol level interleaving is realized, for example, by the following linear polynomial: h(m)=Fm+L, 0≦m≦M−1

[0035] M is the number of subcarriers, F and L are coefficients of the first and zero-hour linear polynomials, where 1≦F≦M−1 and 0≦L≦M−1.

[0036] In the legacy serial interleaving method, the symbol vector S=[S(0), S(1), ..., S(M-1)] Ｔ are interleaved to obtain S'=[S'(0), S'(1), ..., S'(M-1)] based on S'(m)=S(h(m) mod M). Ｔ This becomes:

[0037] 8 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. The configuration shown in FIG. 8 realizes parallel symbol interleaving to reduce the large processing delay caused by the legacy serial interleaving method. Parallel symbol interleaving may be combined with SE to further reduce PAPR.

[0038] In parallel symbol interleaving, the symbol vector S=[S(0), S(1), ..., S(M-1)] Ｔ is interleaved by each step of the interleaving procedure 1 shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 to obtain S′=[S′(0), S′(1), . . . , S′(M−1)] Ｔ get.

[0039] 9 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of interleaving procedure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Vector S = [S(0), S(1), ..., S(M-1)] Ｔ is input, and the vector S~=[S~(0), S~(1), ..., S~(M-1)] is obtained by the procedure shown in FIG. Ｔ get.

[0040] 10 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of the interleaving procedure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. The matrix X(k, f) is obtained by the procedure shown in FIG.

[0041] 11 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of interleaving procedure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 11, vector S′=[S′(0), S′(1), ..., S′(M−1)] Ｔ get.

[0042] 12 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As mentioned above, low PAPR requirements should be considered for NTN and high frequencies (e.g., millimeter-wave / sub-THz). DFT-s-OFDM using serial symbol-level interleaving introduces a large processing delay.

[0043] Therefore, a method of combining parallel symbol level interleaving with SE may be implemented to further reduce PAPR, as shown in Fig. 12. Modulation, DFT spreading, symbol interleaving, precoding, symbol interleaving, mapping to virtual resource block, symbol interleaving, mapping from virtual to physical resource block, IFFT, and CP insertion are performed in this order.

[0044] Note that the new module "symbol interleaving" shown in Fig. 12 requires the addition of any one of the three modules. Parallel symbol interleaving can also be realized by modifying the existing modules "mapping to virtual resource blocks" or "mapping from virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks" without adding a new module.

[0045] The impact on the specifications is that new signal generation methods will need to be defined, and new UE capability definitions and signaling will need to be defined.

[0046] Operation 1) Design to realize symbol interleaving Operation 1-1) Realization of symbol interleaving by adding a new module after DFT spreading

[0047] 13 is a diagram illustrating an example (3) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 13, symbol interleaving may be achieved by adding a new module after DFT spreading.

[0048] A symbol interleaving module is added between DFT spreading and resource mapping, for example, symbol interleaving may be achieved by adding a symbol interleaving module after DFT spreading and before precoding.

[0049] Vector S = [S(0), S(1), ..., S(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ represents the spread symbols after DFT spreading, and M ｓｃ represents the number of allocated subcarriers.

[0050] Vector S' = [S'(0), S'(1), ..., S'(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ represents the symbols after symbol interleaving.

[0051] Operation 1-1-1) Realization of symbol interleaving based on serial method

[0052] In the case of serial interleaving, interleaving is performed on a symbol-by-symbol basis. The symbol vector S = [S(0), S(1), ..., S(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ The symbol level interleaving of is realized, for example, by the following linear polynomial:

[0053] h(m)=Fm+L, 0≦m≦M ｓｃ -1, F, and L are the first and zeroth order coefficients of the linear polynomial. S'(m) = S(h(m) mod M ｓｃ ), S'=[S'(0), S'(1), ..., S'(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ is obtained.

[0054] It should be noted that the serial symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with large latency requirements and low UE capabilities.

[0055] Fig. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 14 shows an example of operation 1-1-1). When M=32, F=5, and L=5, as shown in Fig. 14, vector S is input, 32 steps are executed, vector S' is obtained, and serial symbol interleaving is realized.

[0056] Operation 1-1-2) Realization of symbol interleaving based on parallel method

[0057] In the case of parallel interleaving methods, interleaving is achieved based on multiple symbol groups.

[0058] In parallel symbol interleaving, the symbol vector S = [S(0), S(1), ..., S(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ 9, 10 and 11, M is M ｓｃ , S'(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ get.

[0059] 9 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of interleaving procedure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. Vector S = [S(0), S(1), ..., S(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ is input, and the vector S~=[S~(0), S~(1), ..., S~(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ get.

[0060] 10 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of the interleaving procedure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. The matrix X(k, f) is obtained by the procedure shown in FIG.

[0061] 11 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of the interleaving procedure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 11, a vector S′=[S′(0), S′(1), ..., S′(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ get.

[0062] Note that the parallel symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with small latency requirements and high UE capabilities. Vector S' = [S'(0), S'(1), ..., S'(M ｓｃ −1)] Ｔ is used for subsequent processing in legacy DFT-s-OFDM processing.

[0063] FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining an example of interleaving in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 shows an example of operation 1-1-2). When M=32, F=5, and L=5, as shown in FIG. 15, vector S is input, three steps are executed to obtain vector S', and parallel symbol interleaving is realized. Note that when F=1, only step 1 may be executed.

[0064] Operation 1-2) Realization of symbol interleaving by adding a new module after precoding

[0065] 16 is a diagram illustrating an example (4) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 16, symbol interleaving is applied after precoding. For example, symbol interleaving may be applied after precoding and before resource mapping. A block z of complex symbols for each antenna port used for transmission is （ｐ） = [z （ｐ） (0), ..., z （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ −1)] is z′ （ｐ） = [z' （ｐ） (0),...,z' （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ -1)] are interleaved according to the method shown below. ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ =M ｓｙｍｂ ｌａｙｅｒ and M ｓｙｍｂ ｌａｙｅｒ is the number of modulation symbols per layer.

[0066] Vector z （ｐ） The following method is used to （ｐ） Update to.

[0067] Z （ｐ） (m, n) = z （ｐ） (nM ｓｃ +m) m=0,...,M ｓｃ -1 n=0,...,M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ / M ｓｃ -1 Furthermore, Z （ｐ） (m, n) is Z （ｐ） is the m-th row and n-th column of

[0068] Matrix Z （ｐ） The matrix Z' is calculated in the following way: （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)].

[0069] Operation 1-2-1) Realization of symbol interleaving based on serial method

[0070] In the case of serial interleaving, interleaving is performed symbol by symbol. （ｐ） The matrix Z' is expressed by the following linear polynomial （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)].

[0071] h(m)=Fm+L, 0≦m≦M ｓｃ -1, F and L are the 1st and 0th order coefficients of the linear polynomial. （ｐ） (m, n) = Z （ｐ） (h(m) mod M ｓｃ , n), Z' （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)] is obtained.

[0072] It should be noted that the serial symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with large latency requirements and low UE capabilities.

[0073] Operation 1-2-2) Realization of symbol interleaving based on parallel method

[0074] In the case of parallel interleaving methods, interleaving is achieved based on multiple symbol groups.

[0075] In parallel symbol interleaving, the matrix Z （ｐ） = [Z （ｐ）17, 18 and 19, the matrix Z′ （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)]. Note that if F=1, only step 1 may be executed.

[0076] FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining an example (2) of interleaving procedure 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. ｓｃ -1, n) is input, and Z~(p) (0:M ｓｃ −1, n).

[0077] 18 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of interleaving procedure 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 18, matrix Z （ｐ，ｎ） (k, f) is obtained.

[0078] 19 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of the interleaving procedure 2 in the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 19, the matrix Z′ （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)]. （ｐ） is further expressed as a vector z' （ｐ） = [z' （ｐ） (0),...,z' （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ -1)].

[0079] It should be noted that the parallel symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with small latency requirements and high UE capabilities. The block of complex symbols z′ after interleaving for each transmit antenna port symbol is （ｐ） = [z' （ｐ） (0),...,z' （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ −1)] is used in the resource mapping process.

[0080] Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example (5) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 20, the resource mapping module includes mapping to virtual resource blocks and mapping from virtual to physical resource blocks (see Non-Patent Document 3).

[0081] In mapping to virtual resource blocks, for each antenna port used for transmitting PUSCH, the complex symbols are directly mapped to the virtual resource blocks allocated for transmission, first by subcarriers in the frequency domain and then by index in the time domain.

[0082] Operation 1-3) Realizing symbol interleaving by changing virtual resource mapping in resource mapping module

[0083] Symbol interleaving is applied during virtual resource mapping in Figure 20. A block of complex symbols z for each antenna port used for transmission is （ｐ） = [z （ｐ） (0), ..., z （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ −1)] is z′ （ｐ） = [z' （ｐ） (0),...,z' （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ -1)] are interleaved according to the method shown below. ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ =M ｓｙｍｂ ｌａｙｅｒ and M ｓｙｍｂ ｌａｙｅｒ is the number of modulation symbols per layer.

[0084] Vector z （ｐ） The following method is used to （ｐ） Update to.

[0085] Z （ｐ） (m, n) = z （ｐ） (nMｓｃ +m) m=0,...,M ｓｃ -1 n=0,...,M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ / M ｓｃ -1 Furthermore, Z （ｐ） (m, n) is Z （ｐ） is the m-th row and n-th column of

[0086] Matrix Z （ｐ） The matrix Z' is calculated in the following way: （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)].

[0087] Operation 1-3-1) Realization of symbol interleaving based on serial method

[0088] In the case of serial interleaving, interleaving is performed symbol by symbol. （ｐ） The matrix Z' is expressed by the following linear polynomial （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)].

[0089] h(m)=Fm+L, 0≦m≦M ｓｃ -1, F and L are the 1st and 0th order coefficients of the linear polynomial. （ｐ） (m, n) = Z （ｐ） (h(m) mod M ｓｃ , n), Z' （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)] is obtained.

[0090] It should be noted that the serial symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with large latency requirements and low UE capabilities.

[0091] Operation 1-3-2) Realization of symbol interleaving based on parallel method

[0092] In the case of parallel interleaving methods, interleaving is achieved based on multiple symbol groups.

[0093] In parallel symbol interleaving, the matrix Z （ｐ） = [Z （ｐ）17, 18 and 19, the matrix Z′ （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)]. Note that if F=1, only step 1 may be executed.

[0094] FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining an example (1) of interleaving procedure 2 in an embodiment of the present invention. ｓｃ -1, n) is input, and Z~(p) (0:M ｓｃ −1, n).

[0095] 18 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of interleaving procedure 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 18, matrix Z （ｐ，ｎ） (k, f) is obtained.

[0096] 19 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of the interleaving procedure 2 in the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 19, the matrix Z′ （ｐ） = [Z' （ｐ） (m, n)]. （ｐ） is a complex symbol vector z′ based on the following equation: （ｐ） = [z' （ｐ） (0),...,z' （ｐ） (M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ -1)].

[0097] Z' （ｐ） (nM ｓｃ + m) = Z' （ｐ） (m, n) M=0,...,M ＳＣ -1 n=0,...,M ｓｙｍｂ ａｐ / M ｓｃ -1

[0098] It should be noted that the parallel symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with small latency requirements and high UE capabilities. The block of complex symbols z′ after interleaving for each transmit antenna port symbol is （ｐ） = [z' （ｐ） (0),...,z' （ｐ） (Mｓｙｍｂ ａｐ −1)] is a multiple with an amplitude scaling factor β (see Non-Patent Document 4). （ｐ） The sequence starting from (0) is the resource element (k′, l) in the virtual resource block allocated to the transmission that satisfies all of the following conditions: ｐ，ｕ is mapped to

[0099] Condition 1) It is within the virtual resource block allocated for transmission. Condition 2) The corresponding resource elements in the corresponding physical resource block are not used for transmission of the associated DM-RS, PT-RS, or DM-RS intended for other commonly scheduled UEs, as described in Section 6.4.1.1.3 of TS 365,491.

[0100] resource elements (k′, l) allocated to the PSSCH ｐ，ｕ The mapping to k is performed in ascending order starting from the index k' assigned to the virtual resource block, where k'=0 is the first subcarrier of the lowest frequency in the virtual resource block assigned for transmission, and the starting position of index l is given by chapter 6 of Non-Patent Document 3.

[0101] Operation 1-4) Realization of symbol interleaving by adding a symbol interleaving module before the mapping from virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks in the resource mapping module.

[0102] 21 is a diagram illustrating an example (6) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which symbol interleaving may be achieved by adding a symbol interleaving module before the mapping of virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks in the resource mapping module.

[0103] complex symbols (k′, l) in a resource element in a virtual resource block ｐ，μ , y ｐ，μ = [y(k', t) ｐ，μ]. The indices k' and l are given by Chapter 6 of Non-Patent Document 3, and 0≦k'≦M ｓｃ −1, 0≦t≦length(l)−1.

[0104] The complex symbols in the resource elements corresponding to all allocated physical resource blocks n are denoted by y′ ｐ，μ = [y'(k', t) ｐ，μ The value of n is determined based on the RIV (Resource Indication Value) defined in Chapter 6 of Non-Patent Document 3. ｐ，μ The size of the matrix y ｐ，μ The matrix y ｐ，μ is calculated as the matrix y′ based on the following method: ｐ，μ are interleaved.

[0105] Operation 1-4-1) Realization of symbol interleaving based on serial method

[0106] In the case of serial interleaving, the interleaving is performed symbol by symbol. ｐ，μ is a matrix y' obtained by a linear polynomial h(k') = Fk' + L. ｐ，μ are interleaved.

[0107] That is, y'(k', t) ｐ，μ =y(h(k') mod M ｓｃ , t) ｐ，μ is.

[0108] It should be noted that the serial symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with large latency requirements and low UE capabilities.

[0109] Operation 1-4-2) Realization of symbol interleaving based on parallel method

[0110] In the case of parallel interleaving methods, interleaving is achieved based on multiple symbol groups.

[0111] In parallel symbol interleaving, the matrix y ｐ，μ is interleaved by each step of the interleaving procedure 2 in FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 to obtain the matrix y′ ｐ，μNote that when F=1, only step 1 may be executed.

[0112] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of interleaving procedure 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. ｐ，μ is input, and y to ｐ，μ = [y~(k', t) ｐ，μ ] is obtained.

[0113] 23 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of the interleaving procedure 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 23, the matrix X ｐ，μ，ｔ get.

[0114] 24 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of the interleaving procedure 3 in the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 24, the matrix y′ ｐ，μ = [y'(k', t) ｐ，μ ] is obtained.

[0115] Note that the parallel symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with small latency requirements and high UE capabilities. ｐ，μ = [y'(k', t) ｐ，μ ] is used for mapping virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks.

[0116] In the existing method of mapping virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks, only non-interleaving mapping is supported for PUSCH. When transform precoding is disabled, resource allocation types 0, 1, and 2 in the frequency domain are all supported. When transform precoding is enabled, only resource allocation types 1 and 2 in the frequency domain are supported.

[0117] Operation 1-5) Realizing symbol interleaving by changing the mapping from virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks in the resource mapping module

[0118] In FIG. 20, symbol interleaving may be achieved by remapping virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks in a resource mapping module.

[0119] The virtual resource blocks may be mapped to physical resource blocks based on one of the following options:

[0120] Option 1: Perform symbol-level interleaving and perform non-interleaved VRB to PRB mapping. Option 2: Do not perform symbol-level interleaving and perform non-interleaved VRB to PRB mapping. Option 3: Do not perform symbol-level interleaving and perform interleaved VRB to PRB mapping.

[0121] If transform precoding is disabled, options 2 and 3 may be assumed. If transform precoding is enabled, options 1 and 2 may be assumed.

[0122] If transform precoding is enabled and option 1 is assumed, the mapping from virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks may be performed as follows (see Non-Patent Document 5):

[0123] complex symbols (k′, l) in a resource element in a virtual resource block ｐ，μ , y ｐ，μ = [y(k', t) ｐ，μ ]. The indices k' and l are given by Chapter 6 of Non-Patent Document 3, and 0≦k'≦M ｓｃ −1, 0≦t≦length(l)−1.

[0124] The complex symbols in the resource elements corresponding to all allocated physical resource blocks n are denoted by y′ ｐ，μ = [y'(k', t) ｐ，μ The value of n is determined based on the RIV (Resource Indication Value) defined in Chapter 6 of Non-Patent Document 3.ｐ，μ The size of the matrix y ｐ，μ The matrix y ｐ，μ is calculated as the matrix y′ based on the following method: ｐ，μ are interleaved.

[0125] Operation 1-5-1) Realization of symbol interleaving based on serial method

[0126] In the case of serial interleaving, the interleaving is performed symbol by symbol. ｐ，μ is a matrix y' obtained by a linear polynomial h(k') = Fk' + L. ｐ，μ are interleaved.

[0127] That is, y'(k', t) ｐ，μ =y(h(k') mod M ｓｃ , t) ｐ，μ is.

[0128] It should be noted that the serial symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with large latency requirements and low UE capabilities.

[0129] Operation 1-5-2) Realization of symbol interleaving based on parallel method

[0130] In the case of parallel interleaving methods, interleaving is achieved based on multiple symbol groups.

[0131] In parallel symbol interleaving, the matrix y ｐ，μ is interleaved by each step of the interleaving procedure 2 in FIGS. 22, 23 and 24 to obtain the matrix y′ ｐ，μ Note that when F=1, only step 1 may be executed.

[0132] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example (1) of interleaving procedure 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. ｐ，μ is input, and y to ｐ，μ = [y~(k', t) ｐ，μ ] is obtained.

[0133] 23 is a diagram illustrating an example (2) of the interleaving procedure 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 23, the matrix X ｐ，μ，ｔ get.

[0134] 24 is a diagram for explaining an example (3) of the interleaving procedure 3 in the embodiment of the present invention. In the procedure shown in FIG. 24, the matrix y′ ｐ，μ = [y'(k', t) ｐ，μ ] is obtained.

[0135] Note that the parallel symbol interleaving method is suitable for scenarios with small latency requirements and high UE capabilities. Next, a non-interleaved VRB to PRB mapping is performed.

[0136] 25 is a diagram for explaining an example (7) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Symmetric DFT spreading and symbol interleaving are equivalent to constellation rotation and symmetric DFT spreading.

[0137] For F=1, the following occurs:

[0138] The symmetric DFT spreading is performed according to equation (1).

[0139]

[0140] The interleaving is performed according to equation (2).

[0141]

[0142] As shown in Equation 2, the result is equivalent to applying a constellation rotation φ=2πL / Q.

[0143] Furthermore, SE is performed according to Equation 3.

[0144]

[0145] As shown in Equation 3, the result is equivalent to the combination of constellation rotation and SE, and the constellation rotation angle is the same as when no SE is applied.

[0146] 26 is a diagram for explaining an example (8) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asymmetric DFT spreading and symbol interleaving are not equivalent to constellation rotation and symmetric DFT spreading.

[0147] For F=1, the following occurs:

[0148] The asymmetric DFT spreading is performed according to Equation 4.

[0149]

[0150] The interleaving is performed according to equation (5).

[0151]

[0152] As shown in equation 5, the result is not equivalent to applying constellation rotation.

[0153] Note that there are two ways to realize SE: one is based on an independent SE module, similar to the framework in Fig. 25, and the other is based on asymmetric DFT spreading, similar to the framework in Fig. 26.

[0154] Action 1-6) Design a combined method for symbol interleaving, SE and constellation rotation Action 1-6-1) Disable the combined method design for constellation rotation

[0155] Option 1: When no constellation rotation is applied, the symbol interleaving and SE combination method is defined as follows:

[0156] Option 1-1: For the SE case, it is implemented based on an independent SE module. Only the interleaving implementation method of operation 1-1) can be used. As shown in Figure 25, the SE module must follow the symbol interleaving module.

[0157] Option 1-2: If SE is implemented based on asymmetric DFT spreading, symbol interleaving cannot be combined with SE.

[0158] Option 2: If no constellation rotation is applied, the supported modulation schemes should be updated.

[0159] In Non-Patent Document 5, only π / 2-BPSK is supported when transform precoding is enabled. To support symbol interleaving, BPSK should also be supported. To support BPSK modulation, Table 6.3.1.2-1 in Non-Patent Document 5 is updated, for example, as shown in Table 1.

[0160]

[0161] As shown in Table 1, BPSK and π / 2-BPSK may be added to the modulation schemes.

[0162] Operation) 1-6-2) Enable combining method design for constellation rotation

[0163] When constellation rotation is applied, symbol interleaving cannot be combined with SE: only constellation rotation and SE can be combined.

[0164] Option 1: Figure 27 is a diagram illustrating an example (9) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 27, the SE may be implemented based on an independent SE module. The optimal constellation rotation angles for BPSK and QPSK are φ = π / 2 and φ = π / 4, respectively. Note that φ = π / 2, i.e., π / 2-BPSK, is supported by the NR specification.

[0165] Option 2: Figure 28 is a diagram illustrating an example (10) of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 28, SE may be realized based on asymmetric DFT spreading. The optimal constellation rotation angles for BPSK and QPSK are φ = {απ + π / 2, π} and φ = {απ - π / 4, π / 2}, respectively. Note that α > 1 is the SE factor.

[0166] Operation 2-1) Notification of Symbol Interleaving and Interleaving Method Operation 2-1-1) Symbol interleaving and interleaving method are either explicitly notified in the specification or predefined.

[0167] Any of the SIB, RRC, MAC-CE or DCI etc. can be used for signaling the symbol interleaving and the interleaving method.

[0168] Option 1: Define the interleaving and interleaving method using common signaling, which can be signaled by one of three options: none, serial, parallel. If no signaling is configured, no interleaving may be applied by default.

[0169] Option 2: Two different signaling methods are used to define the symbol interleaving signaling and the interleaving method. First, the symbol interleaving signaling is defined, and then the symbol interleaving method signaling is defined. The symbol interleaving signaling can be signaled by one of two options, {disabled, enabled}. If the signaling is not configured, no interleaving is applied as default. The symbol interleaving method signaling can be signaled by one of two options, {serial, parallel}. If the signaling is not configured, one method, for example, the parallel interleaving method, may be applied as default. Note that if the symbol interleaving signaling is configured as "disabled" or not configured, there is no need to configure the symbol interleaving method signaling.

[0170] Operation 2-1-2) The symbol interleaving method may be implicitly notified based on the factor F.

[0171] Option 1: If F=1, a serial symbol interleaving method is applied. Option 2: If F>1, a parallel symbol interleaving method is applied. Option 3: If F=0, no symbol interleaving is applied.

[0172] Operation 2-1-3) Allocated subcarriers M ｓｃ The symbol interleaving method may be implicitly signaled based on

[0173] If symbol interleaving is possible, the symbol interleaving method may be indicated based on the following options:

[0174] Option 1: M ｓｃ ≦M ｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄ , a serial symbol interleaving scheme may be applied. Option 2: M ｓｃ >M ｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄ If , a parallel symbol interleaving scheme may be applied.

[0175] It should be noted that the symbol interleaving and symbol interleaving method indications based on the above description only apply if transform precoding is enabled, otherwise the indications may be ignored.

[0176] Operation 2-2) Setting and notifying factors F and L of linear polynomial Operation 2-2-1) Signaling new parameters F and L

[0177] The parameters interleave-F and / or interleave-L are defined for the linear polynomial factors F and L, respectively. The default value of F may be 1. The default value of L may be 0.

[0178] The relevant parameters may be configured or signaled to the UE by defining new signaling, for example, SIB, DCI, RRC, MAC-CE.

[0179] Action 2-2-2) Define new tables and signaling for factors F and L.

[0180] Option 1: New tables and signaling are defined for the factors F and / or L associated with the modulation order (and SE coefficient). New fields "Interleave-F" and / or "Interleave-L" are defined in the RRC, MAC-CE or DCI for signaling the linear polynomial factors F and L. The default value of Interleave-F may be 1. The default value of Interleave-L may be 0.

[0181] Note that different entries or tables may have different numbers of allocated subcarriers M ｓｃ ＰＵＳＣＨ The bit length of the new fields "Interleave-F" and "Interleave-L" can be reduced.

[0182] Table 2 shows an example of operation 2-2-2).

[0183]

[0184] Table 2 shows examples of BPSK when the SE factor α is 1 and when the SE factor α is 4 / 3. As shown in Table 2, F and L may be signaled. Also, as shown in Table 2, F may be defined in association with the value of L signaled in 3 bits. Also, as shown in Table 2, 2-bit values ​​of L containing the same value may be signaled in association with different values ​​of F.

[0185] Table 3 shows an example of operation 2-2-2).

[0186]

[0187] Table 3 shows examples of QPSK where the SE factor α is 1 and where the SE factor α is 4 / 3. As shown in Table 3, F and L may be signaled. Also, as shown in Table 3, F may be defined in association with the value of L signaled in 3 bits. Also, as shown in Table 3, 2-bit values ​​of L containing the same value may be signaled in association with different values ​​of F.

[0188] Option 2: Define new tables and signaling for joint factors F and L associated with modulation orders (and SE coefficients). Define a new field "Interleave-FL" in RRC, MAC-CE or DCI for signaling of linear polynomial factors F and L. In Interleave-FL, the default value of F may be 1 and the default value of L may be 0.

[0189] Note that different entries or tables may have different numbers of allocated subcarriers M ｓｃ ＰＵＳＣＨ may be defined or set for a modulation order corresponding to

[0190] Table 4 shows an example of operation 2-2-2).

[0191]

[0192] Table 4 shows examples of BPSK when the SE factor α is 1 and when the SE factor α is 4 / 3. As shown in Table 2, F and L may be signaled, respectively.

[0193] Table 5 shows an example of operation 2-2-2).

[0194]

[0195] Table 5 shows examples of QPSK where the SE factor α is 1 and where the SE factor α is 4 / 3. As shown in Table 5, F and L may be signaled, respectively.

[0196] Action 2-2-3) Given a factor F=1, an association of the number of allocated subcarriers associated with the factor L, the SE factor α and the modulation order may be defined.

[0197] In the case of BPSK, L may be determined by Equation 6.

[0198]

[0199] For QPSK and 16QAM, L may be determined by Equation 7.

[0200]

[0201] A parameter interleave-p may be defined to indicate the value of q in Equation 6 and Equation 7. Interleave-p may be configured or indicated to the UE by new signaling of the SIB, DCI, RRC, or MAC-CE.

[0202] The number of allocated subcarriers M ｓｃ (and the SE factor α), different Ls corresponding to a given F may be configurable to achieve the same PAPR performance. ｓｃ (and SE factor α) are different, different combinations of F and L may be set to achieve optimal PAPR performance.

[0203] Action 3) Define the UE capability to support the symbol interleaving method described above when transform precoding is enabled.

[0204] Action 3-1) Define a UE capability indicating whether it supports transmission and reception of the above-mentioned symbol interleaving method. Action 3-2) Define a UE capability indicating whether it supports transmission and reception of a combined method of symbol interleaving, SE, and constellation rotation. Action 3-3) Define a UE capability indicating whether it supports transmission and reception of BPSK modulation. Action 3-4) Define a UE capability indicating whether it supports transmission and reception of a new parameter table for symbol interleaving. Action 3-5) The UE capability should be reported to the BS via UE capability signaling. For example, the UE capability signaling can be RRC, MAC-CE, or UCI signaling.

[0205] The UE capabilities may be the same or different in different frequency bands. The UE shall report the UE capabilities for different frequency bands jointly or separately. Note that the RRC parameters, UE capabilities, procedure design, etc. may be configured, reported, or designed separately for the UL and DL, or may be configured, reported, or designed jointly.

[0206] According to the above-described embodiment, the PAPR can be reduced by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied.

[0207] That is, in a wireless communication system, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal.

[0208] (Device Configuration) Next, a functional configuration example of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 that execute the processes and operations described above will be described. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 include functions for implementing the above-described embodiments. However, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may each include only a part of the functions of the embodiments.

[0209] <Base Station 10> Figure 29 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 29, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 29 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0210] The transmitter 110 has a function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 side and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The transmitter 110 also transmits inter-network node messages to other network nodes. The receiver 120 has a function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 and acquiring, for example, information of higher layers from the received signals. The transmitter 110 also has a function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, etc. to the terminal 20. The receiver 120 also receives inter-network node messages from other network nodes.

[0211] The setting unit 130 stores preset setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20. The content of the setting information includes, for example, information relating to the settings of waveforms and transmission methods.

[0212] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 140 controls the setting of the waveform and transmission method. The control unit 140 also executes scheduling. The functional unit in the control unit 140 related to signal transmission may be included in the transmitting unit 110, and the functional unit in the control unit 140 related to signal reception may be included in the receiving unit 120.

[0213] <Terminal 20> Figure 30 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 30, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Figure 30 is merely an example. The names of the functional divisions and functional units may be any as long as they can execute the operations related to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0214] The transmitter 210 creates a transmission signal from transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiver 220 wirelessly receives various signals and acquires higher layer signals from the received physical layer signals. The receiver 220 also has a function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, and the like transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 210 transmits a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), a PSDCH (Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel), a PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel), and the like to another terminal 20 as D2D communication, and the receiver 220 receives the PSCCH, PSSCH, PSDCH, or PSBCH, and the like, from the other terminal 20.

[0215] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 by the receiving unit 220. The setting unit 230 also stores setting information that is set in advance. The setting information includes, for example, information related to the setting of the waveform and transmission method.

[0216] As described in the embodiments, the control unit 240 controls the setting of the waveform and transmission method. The functional unit related to signal transmission in the control unit 240 may be included in the transmitting unit 210, and the functional unit related to signal reception in the control unit 240 may be included in the receiving unit 220.

[0217] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagrams (FIGS. 29 and 30) used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0218] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0219] For example, the base station 10, the terminal 20, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 10 and the terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0220] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0221] Each function in the base station 10 and the terminal 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001, the memory device 1002, etc., so that the processor 1001 performs calculations, controls communication by the communication device 1004, and controls at least one of reading and writing data in the memory device 1002 and the auxiliary memory device 1003.

[0222] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 140, control unit 240, etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0223] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in FIG. 29 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. Furthermore, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in FIG. 30 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and running on the processor 1001. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0224] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0225] The secondary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the secondary storage device 1003.

[0226] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, a transmission / reception antenna, an amplifier unit, a transmission / reception unit, a transmission path interface, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit may be implemented as a transmission unit and a reception unit that are physically or logically separated.

[0227] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0228] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0229] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0230] Fig. 32 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 32, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0231] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0232] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0233] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a front or rear wheel rotation speed signal obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, a front or rear wheel air pressure signal obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0234] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013 or the like to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that output information to the outside.

[0235] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0236] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0237] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0238] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2028 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2028, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0239] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013). The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc. provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0240] (Summary of the embodiment) As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a terminal including a control unit that modulates input data, spreads it with a Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), performs symbol interleaving, performs an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), and inserts a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to generate a signal, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a base station, wherein the control unit performs the symbol interleaving in a parallel manner.

[0241] With the above configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied. That is, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0242] In the parallel system, the control unit may at least execute a procedure of transforming input data into a matrix. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied.

[0243] The control unit may perform the symbol interleaving after DFT spreading and before precoding. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied.

[0244] The control unit may perform the symbol interleaving after precoding and before resource mapping. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied.

[0245] The control unit may perform the symbol interleaving during resource mapping. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied.

[0246] Also, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a communication method in which a terminal performs the steps of modulating input data, spreading the data with a Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), performing symbol interleaving, performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), and inserting a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to generate a signal, transmitting the signal to a base station, and performing the symbol interleaving in a parallel manner.

[0247] With the above configuration, it is possible to reduce PAPR by transmitting or receiving a signal to which symbol interleaving is applied. That is, it is possible to reduce the PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) of a transmission signal in a wireless communication system.

[0248] (Supplementary Notes on the Embodiments) Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, and substitutions. While specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention; matters described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and matters described in one item may apply to matters described in another item (as long as there is no contradiction). Boundaries between functional units or processing units in functional block diagrams do not necessarily correspond to boundaries between physical components. The operations of multiple functional units may be performed by a single physical component, or the operations of a single functional unit may be performed by multiple physical components. The order of processing steps described in the embodiments may be reversed as long as there is no contradiction. For convenience of processing description, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be realized by hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention may each be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, register, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0249] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0250] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of systems using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (New Radio), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems enhanced based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G, etc.) may also be applied.

[0251] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be rearranged unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0252] In this specification, a specific operation that is described as being performed by the base station 10 may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having the base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 may be performed by at least one of the base station 10 and another network node other than the base station 10 (such as, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (such as an MME and an S-GW).

[0253] The information, signals, etc. described in the present disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0254] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0255] In the present disclosure, the determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0256] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0257] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0258] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0259] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0260] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0261] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0262] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0263] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "base station device," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0264] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage.

[0265] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0266] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0267] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0268] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0269] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0270] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal described above.

[0271] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0272] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0273] The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0274] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0275] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0276] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0277] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0278] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0279] Numerology may be communication parameters that apply to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0280] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0281] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0282] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0283] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0284] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate wireless resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal 20) to each terminal 20 in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0285] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0286] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0287] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0288] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0289] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of the numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on the numerology.

[0290] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0291] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0292] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0293] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0294] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0295] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0296] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0297] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0298] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0299] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0300] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0301] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting unit 140 Controller 20 Terminal 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 230 Setting unit 240 Controller 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device

Claims

1. A terminal comprising: a control unit that modulates input data, spreads it using a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), performs symbol interleaving, performs an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), and inserts a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to generate a signal; and a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a base station, wherein the control unit performs the symbol interleaving in a parallel manner.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein said control unit executes at least a procedure for transforming input data into a matrix in said parallel system.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs the symbol interleaving after DFT spreading and before precoding.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs the symbol interleaving after precoding and before resource mapping.

5. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein said control unit performs said symbol interleaving during a resource mapping process.

6. A communication method in which a terminal performs the steps of modulating input data, spreading it with a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform), performing symbol interleaving, performing an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), and inserting a CP (Cyclic Prefix) to generate a signal, transmitting the signal to a base station, and performing the symbol interleaving in a parallel manner.

Images