Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst and method for preparing polyethylene using same

Abstract

The present invention provides a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst useful for the preparation of polyethylene exhibiting high transparency together with excellent processability, and a method for preparing polyethylene using same.

Description

Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst and method for producing polyethylene using the same

[0001] The present invention relates to a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst useful for producing polyethylene exhibiting high transparency along with excellent processability, and a method for producing polyethylene using the same.

[0002] Cross-citation with related applications

[0003] This application claims the benefit of priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2024-0087705, filed July 3, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0004]

[0005] Olefin polymerization catalysts can be categorized into Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts, and these two highly active catalysts have been developed according to their respective characteristics. Since their invention in the 1950s, Ziegler-Natta catalysts have been widely applied in existing commercial processes. However, because they are multi-site catalysts with multiple active sites, they are characterized by a broad molecular weight distribution of the polymer, and the uneven distribution of the comonomer composition limits the achievement of desired physical properties.

[0006]

[0007] On the other hand, metallocene catalysts are composed of a combination of a main catalyst mainly composed of a transition metal compound and a cocatalyst mainly composed of an organometallic compound composed of aluminum. Such catalysts are homogeneous complex catalysts and are single-site catalysts. Due to the single-site characteristics, a narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained, and a polymer with a uniform comonomer composition distribution is obtained. In addition, the stereoregularity, copolymerization characteristics, molecular weight, and crystallinity of the polymer can be changed by modifying the ligand structure of the catalyst and changing the polymerization conditions.

[0008]

[0009] Meanwhile, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) is manufactured by copolymerizing ethylene and alpha olefin at low pressure using a polymerization catalyst. It is a resin with a narrow molecular weight distribution, short-chain branches of a certain length, and no long-chain branches. Linear low-density polyethylene film has the characteristics of general polyethylene, as well as high breaking strength and elongation, and excellent tear strength and drop impact strength, so it is increasingly being used in stretch films and overlap films, which were difficult to apply to conventional low-density polyethylene or high-density polyethylene.

[0010]

[0011] Recently, with the advent of decarbonization, the demand for high-performance linear low-density polyethylene to improve recyclability is increasing. At the same time, the demand for linear low-density polyethylene with excellent processability and transparency, which are useful properties for film applications, is also increasing.

[0012]

[0013] However, linear low-density polyethylene, despite its excellent mechanical properties, suffers from poor processability in blown film and poor transparency. Blown film is a film manufactured by blowing air into molten plastic to inflate it, also known as inflation film.

[0014]

[0015] Linear low-density polyethylene generally has the characteristics of better transparency and increased drop impact strength as the density decreases. However, when a large amount of alpha olefin comonomer is used to manufacture low-density polyethylene, there are problems such as an increased frequency of fouling in the slurry polymerization process. Therefore, in the slurry polymerization process, a density of 0.915 g / cm 3 We produce many of the above products.

[0016]

[0017] This density is 0.915 g / cm 3 By introducing long-chain branching (LCB) into the above LLDPE, excellent mechanical properties can be maintained, processability can be increased, and high transparency can be achieved. With these properties, high value-added products such as shrink films can be expected.

[0018]

[0019] In order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention aims to provide a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst useful for producing polyethylene exhibiting high transparency along with excellent processability.

[0020]

[0021] In addition, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing polyethylene exhibiting high transparency using the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

[0022]

[0023] To solve the above problem, the present invention provides a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst comprising: a first transition metal compound represented by the following chemical formula 1; a second transition metal compound represented by the following chemical formula 2; a cocatalyst; and a carrier:

[0024] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0025]

[0026] In the above chemical formula 1,

[0027] M1 is a group 4 transition metal,

[0028] X 11 and X 12 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl, or halogen,

[0029] A1 is carbon, silicon, or germanium,

[0030] R 11 and R 12 are each independently, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, C 7-20Arylalkyl, or C 7-20 It is an alkoxyaryl,

[0031] Q 11 and Q 12 One of them is C 2-20 Alkoxyalkyl, and the other one is C 1-20 It is alkyl,

[0032] [Chemical Formula 2]

[0033]

[0034] In the above chemical formula 2,

[0035] M2 is a group 4 transition metal,

[0036] X 21 and X 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or halogen,

[0037] R 21 Silver hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl,

[0038] R 22 Inland R 25 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, or C 7-20 Arylalkyl,

[0039] Q 21 and Q 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl,

[0040] Q 21 and Q 22, and R 21 At least one of C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl.

[0041]

[0042] In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing polyethylene, comprising the step of introducing hydrogen and slurry polymerizing an ethylene monomer and an olefin monomer in the presence of the above-described hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

[0043]

[0044] In the present invention, terms such as first, second, etc. are used to describe various components, and the terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

[0045] Furthermore, the terminology used herein is merely for the purpose of describing exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, it should be understood that the terms "comprise," "include," or "have" indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, component, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, components, or combinations thereof.

[0046] Additionally, in this specification, the "~" indicating a numerical range includes both the upper and lower limits of the numerical range. For example, A~B means greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B.

[0047] The present invention is susceptible to various modifications and takes various forms. Specific embodiments are illustrated and described in detail below. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific disclosed forms, but rather to encompass all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0048]

[0049] Hereinafter, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst of the present invention and the method for producing polyethylene using the same will be described in detail.

[0050]

[0051] The hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention comprises: a first transition metal compound represented by the following chemical formula 1; a second transition metal compound represented by the following chemical formula 2; a cocatalyst; and a carrier:

[0052] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0053]

[0054] In the above chemical formula 1,

[0055] M1 is a group 4 transition metal,

[0056] X 11 and X 12 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl, or halogen,

[0057] A1 is carbon, silicon, or germanium,

[0058] R 11 and R 12 are each independently, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, C 7-20 Arylalkyl, or C 7-20 It is an alkoxyaryl,

[0059] Q 11 and Q 12 One of them is C 2-20 Alkoxyalkyl, and the other one is C 1-20 It is alkyl,

[0060] [Chemical Formula 2]

[0061]

[0062] In the above chemical formula 2,

[0063] M2 is a group 4 transition metal,

[0064] X 21 and X 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or halogen,

[0065] R 21Silver hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl,

[0066] R 22 Inland R 25 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, or C 7-20 Arylalkyl,

[0067] Q 21 and Q 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl,

[0068] Q 21 and Q 22, and R 21 At least one of C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl.

[0069]

[0070] In the present invention, the substituents of the chemical formula are described more specifically as follows.

[0071]

[0072] The halogen can be fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I).

[0073]

[0074] C above 1-20 The alkyl of may be straight-chain, branched-chain or cyclic alkyl. Specifically, the C 1-20The alkyl may be a straight chain alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a straight chain alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; a straight chain alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; a branched chain or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; a branched chain or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 15 carbon atoms; or a branched chain or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. More specifically, the alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.

[0075]

[0076] C 1-20 The alkoxy of may be a straight-chain, branched-chain or cyclic alkoxy group. Specifically, the C 1-20 The alkoxy may be a straight chain alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; a straight chain alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; a straight chain alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; a branched chain or cyclic alkoxy group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms; a branched chain or cyclic alkoxy group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms; or a branched chain or cyclic alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms. More specifically, the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an iso-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an iso-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, an n-pentoxy group, an iso-pentoxy group, a neo-pentoxy group, or a cyclohexene group.

[0077]

[0078] C 2-20 Alkoxyalkyl of -R y -OR z Alkyl (-R) with a structure containing y ) is one or more hydrogens of alkoxy (-OR z) may be a substituent substituted with. Specifically, the alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms may be a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, an ethoxymethyl group, an iso-propoxymethyl group, an iso-propoxyethyl group, an iso-propoxyhectyl group, a tert-butoxymethyl group, a tert-butoxyethyl group, or a tert-butoxyhexyl group.

[0079] C 6-20 The aryl of may refer to a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Specifically, the C6 to C20 aryl may be a phenyl group, a naphthyl group or anthracenyl group.

[0080]

[0081] C 7-20 The alkylaryl of may mean a substituent in which one or more hydrogens of the aryl are replaced by alkyl. Specifically, the C 7-20 The alkylaryl may be methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, n-propylphenyl, iso-propylphenyl, n-butylphenyl, iso-butylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, di-tert-butylphenyl, or cyclohexylphenyl.

[0082]

[0083] C 7-20 Arylalkyl of may mean a substituent in which one or more hydrogens of alkyl are replaced by aryl. Specifically, the C 7-20 The arylalkyl group may be benzyl, phenylpropyl or phenylhexyl.

[0084]

[0085] C 7-20 Alkoxyaryl of -R c -OR d Aryl(-R) with a structure containing c ) is one or more hydrogens of alkoxy (-OR d ) may be a substituent substituted with. Specifically, the alkoxyaryl having 7 to 20 carbon atoms may be a methoxyphenyl group, an ethoxyphenyl group, an iso-propoxyphenyl group, or a tert-butoxyphenyl group.

[0086]

[0087] Also, group 4 transition metals can include titanium, zirconium, and hafnium.

[0088]

[0089] The hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention is a hybrid catalyst comprising a first transition metal compound having a high molecular weight and high polymerizability, and a second transition metal compound having a low molecular weight and low polymerizability.

[0090]

[0091] Specifically, the first transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 contributes to producing a high molecular weight copolymer having a high SCB content, and the second transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 2 contributes to producing a low molecular weight copolymer having a low SCB (short chain branch) content.

[0092]

[0093] Accordingly, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst of the present invention can exhibit high copolymerizability in polyethylene in the high molecular weight range due to the first transition metal compound, while exhibiting low copolymerizability in polyethylene in the low molecular weight range due to the action of the second transition metal compound. As a result, the polyethylene produced using the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention can exhibit a high MFRR compared to polyethylene having a similar density due to the introduction of LCB (long chain branch) in the high molecular weight range, and can exhibit excellent processability and high transparency.

[0094] In the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention, the first transition metal compound contributes to the production of a high molecular weight copolymer and exhibits a relatively high comonomer incorporation rate compared to the second transition metal compound.

[0095]

[0096] Specifically, in the above chemical formula 1, M1 is a Group 4 transition metal, preferably zirconium (Zr) or titanium (Ti), and more preferably zirconium (Zr).

[0097] X 11 and X 12 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl, or halogen, preferably halogen, more preferably chloro (Cl).

[0098] When Zr is included as the central metal of the first transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 1, compared to when other Group 14 elements such as Hf are included, it has more orbitals capable of accepting electrons, so it can easily bind to a monomer with higher affinity, and as a result, it can exhibit a superior catalytic activity improvement effect.

[0099]

[0100] In addition, the compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 is a bridge group of two indene derivative compounds, A1(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) includes a group. In the above chemical formula 1, A1 may be carbon, silicon, or germanium, and preferably silicon.

[0101] Q, a substituent of A1 11 and Q 12 One of them is C 2-20 Alkoxyalkyl, and the other one is C 1-20 Alkyl, preferably Q 11 and Q 12 One of them is C 1-4 One is alkyl, and the other is C 2-20 It may be an alkoxyalkyl. In this way, Q, which is a substituent of the above A1 11 and Q 12 Either one of C 2-20 It may contain a tether group of alkoxyalkyl. Q 11 and Q12 If either of them has a tether group, leaching of the catalyst precursor is prevented during the polymerization reaction, and as a result, fouling caused by the reaction of the leached catalyst precursor and the cocatalyst can be prevented.

[0102] In addition, in addition to the leaching prevention effect of the above-mentioned catalyst precursor, compared to the carbon bridge in the conventional metallocene compound, the atomic size is larger and the available angle is increased, so that the monomer can easily approach during the polymerization reaction, thereby exhibiting better catalytic activity. This effect is achieved in the above tether Q 11 and Q 12 Either one of -(CH2) n -R a (Above R a is C 1-6 Alkoxy group, more specifically C 1-6 Straight chain alkoxy group or C 3-6 It may be a branched alkoxy group, more specifically a C such as a tert-butoxy group. 3-6 branched alkoxy, and n is an integer from 2 to 10, or from 3 to 9), and further, the remaining one is C 1-4 It can be further increased if it is alkyl. Preferably, Q 11 and Q 12 One of them may be tert-butoxypropyl, tert-butoxybutyl, tert-butoxypentyl, or tert-butoxyhexyl, and the other may be methyl.

[0103]

[0104] Also, in the above chemical formula 1, R 11 and R 12 are each independently, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, C 7-20 Arylalkyl, or C 7-20 It is an alkoxyaryl. That is, in the chemical formula 1, the hydrogen at the 4th position of the indene derivative compound is each independently C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20Alkylaryl, C 7-20 Arylalkyl, or C 7-20 It can be substituted with an alkoxyaryl. As described above, when an indene derivative compound includes a substituent containing an aryl group, it can exhibit better catalytic activity due to the inductive effect that can supply sufficient electrons. Accordingly, the R 11 and R 12 is preferably C 6-20 Aryl, or C 7-20 It may be alkylaryl, more preferably phenyl, naphthyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, n-propylphenyl, iso-propylphenyl, n-butylphenyl, iso-butylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, di-tert-butylphenyl.

[0105] In addition, the methyl group substituted at position 2 of the indene derivative compound in chemical formula 1 can secure appropriate copolymerizability and molecular weight by the appropriate steric effect of ethylene and comonomer approaching the active site where polymerization proceeds.

[0106]

[0107] Specific examples of the first transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 include compounds having the following structures, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0108]

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] The first transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 1 can be synthesized by applying known reactions, and a more detailed synthesis method can be found in the examples.

[0112]

[0113] Meanwhile, the second transition metal compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 is a cross-linked structure of two cyclopentadiene derivative compounds, allowing for easy control of the electronic and steric environments surrounding the transition metal. As a result, the chemical structure, molecular weight distribution, and mechanical properties of the synthesized polyethylene can be easily controlled.

[0114]

[0115] Specifically, in the above chemical formula 2, M2 is a group 4 transition metal, preferably zirconium (Zr) or titanium (Ti), and more preferably zirconium (Zr).

[0116] X 21 and X 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl, or halogen, preferably halogen, more preferably chloro (Cl).

[0117] When Zr is included as the central metal of the second transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 2, compared to when other Group 14 elements such as Hf are included, it has more orbitals capable of accepting electrons, so it can easily bind to a monomer with higher affinity, and as a result, it can exhibit a superior catalytic activity improvement effect.

[0118] In addition, the compound represented by the above chemical formula 2 is A2(Q) as a bridging group of two cyclopentadiene derivative compounds. 21 )(Q 22 ) includes a group. In the above chemical formula 2, A2 may be carbon, silicon, or germanium, and preferably silicon.

[0119]

[0120] In addition, in the second transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 2, R 22 Inland R 25 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, C 6-20 Aryl, C7-20 Alkylaryl, or C 7-20 Arylalkyl, and Q 21 and Q 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl, and the bridging group is A2(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) as a substituent Q 21 and Q 22 , and R, a substituent of a cyclopentadiene derivative compound 21 At least one of C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl.

[0121] In this way, Q 21 and Q 22 , and R 21 At least one of C 2-20 It may contain a tether group of alkoxyalkyl. Q 21 and Q 22 , and R 21 If at least one of the catalyst precursors has a tether group, leaching of the catalyst precursor is prevented during the polymerization reaction, and as a result, fouling caused by the reaction of the leached catalyst precursor and the cocatalyst can be prevented.

[0122] In addition, in addition to the leaching prevention effect of the above-mentioned catalyst precursor, compared to the carbon bridge in the conventional metallocene compound, the atomic size is larger and the available angle is increased, so that the monomer can easily approach during the polymerization reaction, thereby exhibiting better catalytic activity. This effect is the Q 21 and Q 22 , and R 21 At least one of -(CH2) n -R b (Above R b is C 1-6 Alkoxy group, more specifically C 1-6Straight chain alkoxy group or C 3-6 It may be a branched alkoxy group, more specifically a C such as a tert-butoxy group. 3-6 branched alkoxy, and n is an integer from 2 to 10, or from 3 to 9), and further, the remaining one is C 1-4 It can be further increased if it is alkyl. Preferably, Q 21 and Q 22 , and R 21 Any one or more of them may be tert-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxypropyl, tert-butoxybutyl, tert-butoxypentyl, or tert-butoxyhexyl.

[0123]

[0124] In addition, in the second transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 2, R 22 Inland R 25 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, or C 7-20 It is arylalkyl. R 22 Inland R 25 are preferably each independently hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, or C 6-10 It may be aryl, and more preferably, hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, naphthyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, n-propylphenyl, iso-propylphenyl, n-butylphenyl, iso-butylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, di-tert-butylphenyl.

[0125] In one implementation example, R 22 Inland R 25 Two or more are C 1-6 Alkyl, or C 6-10 may be aryl. In other embodiments, R 22 Inland R 25 are all C 1-6Alkyl, preferably methyl, or R 22 Inland R 25 More than two C 6-10 It may be aryl, preferably phenyl.

[0126] In the above chemical formula 2, one of the cyclopentadiene derivative compounds is R 22 Inland R 25 By substituting with a substituent of the first transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 1, it can exhibit superior catalytic activity through the inductive effect that can supply sufficient electrons and the appropriate steric effect, and by appropriately controlling the distribution of the comonomer of the polyethylene produced in combination with the first transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 1, it can simultaneously improve dosability and processability. In addition, it exhibits excellent hydrogen reactivity, so that the amount of wax generated during the polymerization reaction can be reduced, and as a result, process stability can be improved.

[0127]

[0128] Specific examples of the second transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 2 include compounds having the following structures, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0129]

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] .

[0133]

[0134] The second transition metal compound represented by the above chemical formula 2 can be synthesized by applying known reactions, and a more detailed synthesis method can be found in the examples.

[0135]

[0136] Meanwhile, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention can increase catalytic activity and further improve the properties of the polymer produced by controlling the molar ratio of the first and second transition metal compounds.

[0137]

[0138] For example, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst may include the first and second transition metal compounds in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10:1. When the above-mentioned mixing ratio condition is satisfied, the activity of the catalyst is excellently maintained, and the high and low copolymerizabilities of the polyethylene produced from the hybrid supported catalyst are optimized, thereby further improving transparency and processability. More specifically, the molar ratio of the first and second transition metal compounds may be 1:10 or more, or 1:5 or more, or 1:4 or more, or 1:3 or more, or 1:2 or more, or 1:1 or more, and 10:1 or less, or 5:1 or less, or 4:1 or less, or 3:1 or less, or 2:1 or less.

[0139]

[0140] In addition, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention includes a cocatalyst. When the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst includes a cocatalyst, it can exhibit high catalytic activity while improving process stability.

[0141] Specifically, the cocatalyst may include at least one compound represented by the following chemical formula 3.

[0142] [Chemical Formula 3]

[0143] -[Al(R 41 )-O]a-

[0144] In the above chemical formula 3,

[0145] R 41 is a halogen; or C substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen 1-20 It is hydrocarbyl;

[0146] a is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0147]

[0148] Meanwhile, in the present specification, a hydrocarbyl group is a monovalent functional group in the form of removing a hydrogen atom from a hydrocarbon, and may include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an aralkenyl group, an aralkynyl group, an alkylaryl group, an alkenylaryl group, and an alkynylaryl group. In addition, the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Specifically, the hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, or a cyclohexyl group; Or it may be an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, or anthracenyl group.

[0149]

[0150] Examples of compounds represented by the above chemical formula 3 include alkylaluminoxane compounds such as methylaluminoxane, ethylaluminoxane, isobutylaluminoxane, or butylaluminoxane, and any one of these or a mixture of two or more thereof may be used.

[0151]

[0152] Among the above compounds, the cocatalyst may be, more specifically, an alkylaluminoxane cocatalyst such as methylaluminoxane.

[0153]

[0154] The above alkylaluminoxane cocatalyst can further enhance catalytic activity by including a metal element that stabilizes the first and second transition metal compounds and acts as a Lewis acid to form a bond through a Lewis acid-base interaction with a functional group introduced into a bridge group of the first and second transition metal compounds.

[0155]

[0156] In addition, the amount of the cocatalyst used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the properties or effects of the desired catalyst and polyethylene. For example, when silica is used as the carrier described below, the cocatalyst can be supported in an amount of 100 g or more, 1000 g or more, or 2000 g or more, and 6000 g or less, or 5500 g or less, or 5400 g or less, based on the weight of the carrier, for example, 1,000 g of silica.

[0157]

[0158] In addition, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention may include a carrier. When the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst includes a carrier, the first and second transition metal compounds are used in the form of a supported catalyst supported on the carrier.

[0159]

[0160] As the carrier, a carrier having a highly reactive hydroxyl group, silanol group, or siloxane group on the surface can be used, and for this purpose, a carrier whose surface has been modified by calcination or whose surface has had moisture removed by drying can be used.

[0161]

[0162] For example, silica manufactured by calcining silica gel, silica such as silica dried at high temperature, silica-alumina, and silica-magnesia can be used, and these can typically contain oxide, carbonate, sulfate, and nitrate components such as Na2O, K2CO3, BaSO4, and Mg(NO3)2.

[0163]

[0164] When used in a supported catalyst state, the particle shape and bulk density of the polymer produced are excellent, and it can be suitably used in conventional slurry polymerization, bulk polymerization, and gas phase polymerization processes. In addition, among various supports, the silica support is supported by chemical bonding of the functional group of the transition metal compound, so that almost no catalyst is liberated from the surface of the support during the ethylene polymerization process, and as a result, fouling caused by adhesion of the reactor wall or polymer particles to each other can be minimized when producing polyethylene by slurry or gas phase polymerization.

[0165]

[0166] The above-mentioned carrier may have an average particle diameter (D50) of 20 to 40 μm. When the above-mentioned particle size is present, the transition metal compound can be supported with superior efficiency, and as a result, the catalytic activity can be enhanced. More specifically, the carrier may have an average particle diameter of 20 μm or more, or 25 μm or more, and 40 μm or less, or 30 μm or less.

[0167]

[0168] In addition, when supported on the carrier, the first and second transition metal compounds may be supported in an amount of, for example, 1 mmol or more, 3 mmol or more, 5 mmol or more, 7 mmol or more, or 10 mmol or more, and 100 mmol or less, or 80 mmol or less, or 60 mmol or less, or 50 mmol or less, based on 1,000 g of the silica carrier. When supported in the above amount range, it may exhibit appropriate supported catalytic activity, which may be advantageous in terms of maintaining the activity of the catalyst and economic efficiency.

[0169]

[0170] The hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention having the above-described configuration can be produced by a manufacturing method comprising the steps of supporting a promoter compound on a support, and supporting the first and second transition metal compounds on the support, wherein the supporting order of the promoter and the first and second transition metal compounds can be changed as needed, and the supporting order of the first and second transition metal compounds can also be changed as needed. The first and second transition metal compounds may be supported simultaneously. Considering the effect of the supported catalyst having a structure determined according to the supporting order, among these, supporting the promoter on the support and then sequentially supporting the first and second transition metal compounds can enable the produced supported catalyst to realize high catalytic activity and better process stability in the process of producing polyethylene.

[0171]

[0172] As described above, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention can exhibit excellent catalytic activity by including first and second transition metal compounds having specific structures. Accordingly, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst can be suitably used for the polymerization of ethylene monomers and olefin monomers.

[0173]

[0174] Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for producing polyethylene, comprising a step of polymerizing an ethylene monomer and an alpha-olefin monomer while introducing hydrogen in the presence of the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

[0175]

[0176] Specific examples of the above alpha-olefin monomers include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-eicosene, norbornene, norbornadiene, ethylidenenorbornene, phenylnorbornene, vinylnorbornene, dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-butadiene, 1,5-pentadiene, 1,6-hexadiene, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, 3-chloromethylstyrene, etc., and two or more of these monomers may be mixed and copolymerized. More specifically, the alpha-olefin monomer may be 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene.

[0177] The amount of the alpha-olefin monomer added may be determined depending on the properties of the polyethylene to be manufactured. For example, considering the effects of improving the properties, transparency, and processability of the polyethylene to be implemented in the present invention, the alpha-olefin monomer may be added in an amount of 5 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of the monomers including the ethylene monomer and the alpha-olefin monomer. More specifically, the alpha-olefin monomer may be added in an amount of 5 wt% or more, or 6 wt% or more, or 7 wt% or more, or 8 wt% or more, or 9 wt% or more, or 10 wt% or more, and 20 wt% or less, or 19 wt% or less, or 18 wt% or less, or 17 wt% or less, based on the total weight of the monomers including the ethylene monomer and the alpha-olefin monomer.

[0178]

[0179] The above polymerization reaction is carried out under the condition of hydrogen input.

[0180] Specifically, hydrogen may be introduced in an amount of 5 to 500 ppm, more specifically 5 ppm or more, or 10 ppm or more, or 20 ppm or more, or 30 ppm or more, and 500 ppm or less, or 450 ppm or less, or 400 ppm or less, or 350 ppm or less, or 300 ppm or less, or 250 ppm or less, or 200 ppm or less, based on the total weight of monomers including ethylene monomers and alpha-olefin monomers. When introduced in the above range, it may be easier to implement the physical properties of the polyethylene described above. When the polymerization reaction is performed under conditions without introducing hydrogen, the melt index (MI) of the polyethylene produced may be significantly lowered.

[0181]

[0182] The above polymerization reaction can be carried out as a slurry polymerization reaction.

[0183] Accordingly, it can be performed using a single continuous slurry polymerization reactor or a loop slurry reactor.

[0184] In addition, the above hybrid supported catalyst can be dissolved or diluted and injected into an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, such as isobutane, pentane, hexane, heptane, nonane, decane, and their isomers, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene and benzene, a hydrocarbon solvent substituted with a chlorine atom such as dichloromethane and chlorobenzene, etc. It is preferable to use the solvent used here after removing a small amount of water or air, etc. that act as catalyst poisons, by treating it with a small amount of alkyl aluminum, and it is also possible to carry out the process using an additional cocatalyst.

[0185]

[0186] In addition, the polymerization reaction may be carried out at a temperature of 40°C or higher, or 60°C or higher, or 80°C or higher, and 110°C or lower, or 100°C or lower, or 90°C or lower. In addition, when the pressure conditions are further controlled during the polymerization reaction, the polymerization reaction may be carried out under a pressure of 5 bar or higher, or 10 bar or higher, or 20 bar or higher, and 50 bar or lower, or 45 bar or lower, or 40 bar or lower. When polymerization is carried out under such temperatures and pressures, the desired physical properties of polyethylene can be more easily realized.

[0187]

[0188] Polyethylene manufactured using the above-described manufacturing method exhibits excellent processability, as represented by processing pressure, and transparency, as measured by haze. In a preferred embodiment, the polyethylene may be an ethylene / 1-hexene copolymer.

[0189]

[0190] Specifically, the polyethylene produced using the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst satisfies the following conditions (i) to (ii):

[0191] (i) Density measured according to ASTM D1505: 0.910 to 0.930 g / cm 3

[0192] (ii) Haze of 10% or less as measured according to ASTM D1003.

[0193]

[0194] More specifically, the polyethylene has a density of 0.910 g / cm as measured according to ASTM D1505. 3 or 0.915 g / cm 3 and 0.930 g / cm 3 or less, or 0.926 g / cm 3 Below is the text.

[0195]

[0196] In addition, the polyethylene may have a haze of 10% or less, or 9.5% or less, or 9.0% or less, or 8.5% or less, or 8.0% or less, as measured according to ASTM D1003. The lower limit of the haze is not particularly limited because the smaller the value, the better, but may be, for example, 1.0% or more, or 2.0% or more, or 3.0% or more, or 4.0% or more, or 5.0% or more. The method for measuring the haze may be specified in the examples described below.

[0197]

[0198] In addition, the polyethylene may have a processing pressure (processing load, (bar)) of 250 bar or less, more specifically, 250 bar or less, or 230 bar or less, or 220 bar or less, or 210 bar or less, or 200 bar or less, or 190 bar or less, or 180 bar or less, or 170 bar or less, or 160 bar or less, measured at a speed of 40 rpm with a Haake extruder (cylinder-1 / -2 / -3 / die). The lower limit of the processing pressure is not particularly limited because the smaller the value, the better, but may be, for example, 100 bar or more, or 110 bar or more, or 120 bar or more, or 130 bar or more, or 140 bar or more, or 150 bar or more. The method for measuring the processing pressure may be specified in the following examples.

[0199]

[0200] As described above, the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to the present invention exhibits high activity in olefin polymerization and can produce polyethylene having high transparency along with excellent processability.

[0201]

[0202] Accordingly, polyethylene manufactured using the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst has excellent processability, mechanical properties, and transparency, and can be usefully used for purposes such as films.

[0203]

[0204] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments are presented to aid understanding of the invention. However, the following examples are intended only to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments.

[0205]

[0206] <Preparation of Transition Metal Compounds>

[0207] Synthesis Example 1-1

[0208] (Cat 1-1)

[0209]

[0210] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0211] 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol (1 equiv.) was dissolved in hexane (1 M), and Amberlyst (10 wt%) was added. Isobutene gas was bubbled at room temperature for 3 hours. 1-(tert-butoxy)-6-chlorohexane was obtained by filtering through Celite and vacuum drying. In another flask, Mg (1.5 eq) was prepared, washed with HCl and acetone, and vacuum dried. THF (1 M) was added, and 10% 1-(tert-butoxy)-6-chlorohexane was added. After refluxing and completing activation, the mixture was cooled to 50°C, and the remaining 90% 1-(tert-butoxy)-6-chlorohexane was slowly added. The reaction was maintained overnight. The mixture was filtered through Celite, and 1 equivalent of MeSiCl3 was dissolved in THF (1 M) in a new flask, and Grignard reagent was slowly added at -25°C. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, the solvent was completely dried, and the mixture was filtered after replacing with hexane to obtain (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)dichloro(methyl)silane.

[0212] 2-Methyl-7-phenyl-1H-indene (16.00 mmol) was added to a Schlink flask and dried under reduced pressure for 30 minutes. THF (60 mL) was added and stirred to completely dissolve. After cooling the flask to -25 °C, n-BuLi (2.5 M, 6.4 mL) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. After stirring at 25 °C for 12 hours, CuCN (5 mol%) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes, it was cooled to -25 °C. (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)dichloro(methyl)silane (8.00 mmol) was added and stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. Water was added, stirred for 1 hour, and then extracted. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO4, filtered, and dried again to obtain the ligand compound.

[0213]

[0214] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0215] To the ligand compound obtained above, 21 mL of toluene and 2.1 mL of diethyl ether were added and stirred. After cooling to -25 °C, n-BuLi (2.5 M, 12.8 mL) was slowly added dropwise while stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h and cooled to -20 °C, and then ZrCl4·2THF (8.00 mmol) dissolved in toluene (1 M) was added. After stirring at 25 °C for 12 h, the solvent was completely dried. The mixture was dissolved in DCM, filtered, and the filtrate was dried and recrystallized using dichloromethane, pentane, and hexane to obtain a transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 1-1 in a yield of 35% (racemic / meso ratio of 30:1).

[0216]

[0217] 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 1.19(9H, s), 1.32(3H, s), 1.48~1.86(10H, m), 2.25(6H, s), 3.37(2H, t), 6.95(2H, s), 7.13(2H, t), 7.36(2H, d), 7.43(6H, t), 7.62(4H, d), 7.67(2H, d)

[0218]

[0219] Synthesis Example 1-2

[0220] (Cat 1-2)

[0221]

[0222]

[0223] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0224] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, except that 4-chlorobutan-1-ol was used instead of 6-chlorohexan-1-ol in Synthesis Example 1-1.

[0225]

[0226] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0227] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-2 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, the same method as for preparing the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 1-1 was used, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 1-2 was obtained in a yield of 40% (ratio of racemic / meso 20:1).

[0228]

[0229] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 1.21(9H, s), 1.33(3H, s), 1.58~1.96(6H, m), 2.31(6H, s), 3.42(2H, t), 6.98(2H, s), 7.15(2H, t), 7.38(2H, d), 7.45-7.54(10H, m), 7.28(2H, d)

[0230]

[0231] Synthesis Example 1-3

[0232] (Cat 1-3)

[0233]

[0234]

[0235] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0236] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, except that 1-(2-methyl-1H-inden-7-yl)naphthalene was used instead of 2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-indene in Synthesis Example 1-1.

[0237]

[0238] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0239] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-3 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, the same method as for preparing the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 1-1 was used, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 1-3 was obtained in a yield of 25% (ratio of racemic / meso 15:1).

[0240]

[0241] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 0.80~2.15 (31H, m), 2.23 (6H, d), 3.43 (2H, t), 6.57 (2H, s), 6.95~8.00 (20H, m)

[0242]

[0243] Synthesis Example 1-4

[0244] (Cat 1-4)

[0245]

[0246]

[0247] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0248] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, except that 7-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methyl-1H-indene was used instead of 2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-indene in Synthesis Example 1-1.

[0249]

[0250] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0251] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-4 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, the same method as for preparing the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 1-1 was used, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 1-4 was obtained in a yield of 34% (ratio of racemic / meso 30:1).

[0252]

[0253] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 1.20 (9H, s), 1.27 (3H, s), 1.34 (18H, s), 1.20-1.90 (10H, m), 2.25 (3H, s), 2.26 (3H, s), 3.38 (2H, t), 7.00 (2H, s), 7.09-7.13 (2H, m), 7.38 (2H, d), 7.45 (4H, d), 7.58 (4H, d), 7.59 (2H, d), 7.65 (2H, d)

[0254]

[0255] Synthesis Example 1-5

[0256] (Cat 1-5)

[0257]

[0258]

[0259] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0260] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound in Synthesis Example 1-1, except that 7-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-1H-indene was used instead of 2-methyl-7-phenyl-1H-indene in Synthesis Example 1-1.

[0261]

[0262] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0263] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-5 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 1-1, the same method as for preparing the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 1-1 was used, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 1-5 was obtained in a yield of 28% (ratio of racemic / meso 20:1).

[0264]

[0265] 1 H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm)): 0.87-2.10 (55H, m), 2.27 (3H, s), 2.28 (3H, s), 3.38 (2H, t), 6.68 (2H, s), 7.18-7.48 (12H, m)

[0266]

[0267] Synthesis Example 2-1

[0268] (Cat 2-1)

[0269]

[0270]

[0271] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0272] 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol (1 equiv) was dissolved in hexane (1 M), and Amberlyst (10 wt%) was added. Isobutene gas was bubbled at room temperature for 3 hours. 1-(tert-butoxy)-6-chlorohexane was obtained by filtering through celite and drying in vacuum. 1-(tert-butoxy)-6-chlorohexane (20.0 mmol) was weighed into a flask, and THF (1.0 M) was added. After cooling to -25 °C, sodium cyclopentadiene (1.0 M in THF, 1 eq) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, the solvent was completely dried, hexane was replaced, and filtering was performed to obtain 1-(6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene.

[0273] Tetramethylcyclopentadiene (10.00 mmol) was added to a Schlenk flask and dried under reduced pressure for 30 minutes. THF (40 mL) was added, cooled to -25 °C, and n-BuLi (2.5 M, 4 mL) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours and then cooled to -25 °C. Me2SiCl2 (dichlorodimethylsilane, 10.00 mmol) was added and stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. In another flask, previously synthesized 1-(6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene (10.00 mmol) and THF (40 mL) were added, cooled to -25 °C, and n-BuLi (2.5 M, 4 mL) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was then stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. After cooling the previously synthesized Chlorodimethyl(2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)silane flask to -25 ℃, Lithium 1-(6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)cyclopenta-1,3-diene was slowly added dropwise. After stirring at 25 ℃ for 12 hours, water was added, stirring for 1 hour, and extraction was performed. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO4, filtered again, and dried to obtain the ligand compound.

[0274]

[0275] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0276] 25 mL of diethyl ether was added to the ligand compound obtained above and stirred. After cooling to -25 °C, n-BuLi (2.5 M, 8 mL) was slowly added dropwise while stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h and cooled to -20 °C, and then ZrCl4·2THF (10.00 mmol) dissolved in toluene (1 M) was added. After stirring at 25 °C for 12 h, the solvent was completely dried. DCM was added, filtered, the filtrate was dried, and recrystallized using hexane to obtain a transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-1 in a yield of 25%.

[0277]

[0278] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 0.37(3H, s), 0.39(3H, s), 1.12(9H, s), 1.32-1.40(4H, m), 1.53-1.60(4H, m), 1.66(3H, s), 1.73(3H, s), 2.01(3H, s), 2.03(3H, s), 2.79-2.85(2H, m), 3.23(2H, t), 5.16(1H, t), 5.43(1H, t), 6.73(1H, t)

[0279]

[0280] Synthesis Example 2-2

[0281] (Cat 2-2)

[0282]

[0283]

[0284] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0285] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, except that 4-chlorobutan-1-ol was used instead of 6-chlorohexan-1-ol in Synthesis Example 2-1.

[0286]

[0287] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0288] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-2 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, the preparation was carried out in the same manner as the preparation of the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, and a transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-2 was obtained in a yield of 40%.

[0289]

[0290] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 0.39(3H, s), 0.40(3H, s), 1.14(9H, s), 1.42-1.50(4H, m), 1.68(3H, s), 1.75(3H, s), 2.05(3H, s), 2.07(3H, s), 2.85-2.92(2H, m), 3.25(2H, t), 5.18(1H, t), 5.44(1H, t), 6.75(1H, t)

[0291]

[0292] Synthesis Example 2-3

[0293] (Cat 2-3)

[0294]

[0295]

[0296] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0297] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, except that 2-bromoethan-1-ol was used instead of 6-chlorohexan-1-ol in Synthesis Example 2-1.

[0298]

[0299] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0300] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-3 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, the same method as for preparing the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-1 was used, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-3 was obtained in a yield of 60%.

[0301]

[0302] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 0.38(3H, s), 0.40(3H, s), 1.13(9H, s), 1.61(3H, s), 1.69(3H, s), 2.03(3H, s), 2.05(3H, s), 2.58-2.65(2H, m), 3.25(2H, t), 5.15(1H, t), 5.43(1H, t), 6.72(1H, t)

[0303]

[0304] Synthesis Example 2-4

[0305] (Cat 2-4)

[0306]

[0307]

[0308] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0309] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound in Synthesis Example 2-1, except that Tetraphenylcyclophentadiene was used instead of Tetramethylcyclopentadiene in Synthesis Example 2-1.

[0310]

[0311] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0312] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-4 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, the preparation was carried out in the same manner as the preparation of the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, and a transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-4 was obtained in a yield of 54%.

[0313]

[0314] 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 0.27(3H, s), 0.29(3H, s), 1.15(9H, s), 1.33-1.43(4H, m), 1.55-1.61(4H, m), 2.89-2.93(2H, m), 3.43(2H, t), 5.18(1H, t), 5.45(1H, t), 6.78(1H, t), 7.03-7.15(10H, m), 7.23-7.34(10H, m)

[0315]

[0316] Synthesis Example 2-5

[0317] (Cat 2-5)

[0318]

[0319]

[0320] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0321] A ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound in Synthesis Example 2-1, except that (3,5-dimethylcyclopenta-2,5-diene-1,2-diyl)dibenzene was used instead of Tetramethylcyclopentadiene in Synthesis Example 2-1.

[0322]

[0323] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0324] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-5 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, the preparation was carried out in the same manner as the preparation of the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-1, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-5 was obtained in a yield of 54%.

[0325]

[0326] 1H NMR (500 MHz, C6D6, 7.15 ppm): 0.32(3H, s), 0.33(3H, s), 1.14(9H, s), 1.36-1.46(4H, m), 1.51-1.62(4H, m), 2.90-2.92(2H, m), 3.44(2H, t), 5.18(1H, t), 5.45(1H, t), 5.48(2H, s), 6.72(1H, t), 7.09-7.18(10H, m)

[0327]

[0328] Synthesis Example 2-6

[0329] (Cat 2-6)

[0330]

[0331]

[0332] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0333] Tetramethylcyclopentadiene (10.00 mmol) was added to a Schlenk flask and dried under reduced pressure for 30 minutes. THF (40 mL) was added, cooled to -25 °C, and n-BuLi (2.5 M, 4 mL) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours and then cooled to -25 °C. (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)dichloro(methyl)silane (10.00 mmol) prepared in Synthesis Example 1-1 was added and stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours. After cooling to -25 °C, NaCp (1.0 M in THF, 1 eq) was slowly added dropwise. After stirring at 25 °C for 12 hours, water was added, stirred for 1 hour, and then extracted. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO4, filtered, and dried again to obtain the ligand compound.

[0334]

[0335] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0336] 25 mL of diethyl ether was added to the ligand compound obtained above and stirred. After cooling to -25 °C, n-BuLi (2.5 M, 8 mL) was slowly added dropwise while stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h and cooled to -20 °C, and then ZrCl4·2THF (10.00 mmol) dissolved in toluene (1 M) was added. After stirring at 25 °C for 12 h, the solvent was completely dried. DCM was added, filtered, the filtrate was dried, and recrystallized using hexane to obtain a transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-6 in a yield of 32%.

[0337]

[0338] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 0.82(3H, s), 1.18(9H, s), 1.24-1.66(10H, m), 1.92(3H, s), 1.94(3H, s), 2.03(6H, s), 3.33(2H, s), 5.69(2H, dd), 7.00(2H, dd)

[0339]

[0340] Synthesis Example 2-7

[0341] (Cat 2-7)

[0342]

[0343]

[0344] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0345] In Synthesis Example 2-6, (6-(tert-butoxy)hexyl)dichloro(methyl)silane Instead, a ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-6, except that (4-(tert-butoxy)butyl)dichloro(methyl)silane prepared in Synthesis Example 1-2 was used.

[0346]

[0347] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0348] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-7 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-6, the preparation was carried out in the same manner as the preparation of the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-6, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-7 was obtained in a yield of 42%.

[0349]

[0350] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 0.84(3H, s), 1.19(9H, s), 1.31-1.54(6H, m), 1.91(3H, s), 1.93(3H, s), 2.04(6H, s), 3.33(2H, s), 5.65(2H, dd), 7.03(2H, dd)

[0351]

[0352] Synthesis Example 2-8

[0353] (Cat 2-8)

[0354]

[0355]

[0356] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0357] 10.00 mmol of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-6 was added to a Schrank flask and dried under reduced pressure for 30 minutes. 40 mL of THF was added and cooled to -25 °C, and n-BuLi (2.5 M, 8 mL) was slowly added dropwise with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours and then cooled to -25 °C. Methyliodide (15 mmol) was added and stirred at 25 °C for 12 hours, then water was added, stirred for 1 hour, and extracted. The organic layer was dehydrated with MgSO4, filtered, and dried again to obtain the ligand compound.

[0358]

[0359] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0360] 25 mL of diethyl ether was added to the ligand compound obtained above and stirred. After cooling to -25 °C, n-BuLi (2.5 M, 8 mL) was slowly added dropwise while stirring. The mixture was stirred at 25 °C for 12 h and cooled to -20 °C, and then ZrCl4·2THF (10.00 mmol) dissolved in toluene (1 M) was added. After stirring at 25 °C for 12 h, the solvent was completely dried. DCM was added, filtered, the filtrate was dried, and recrystallized using hexane to obtain a transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-8 in a yield of 41%.

[0361]

[0362] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 0.58(3H, s), 1.19(9H, s), 1.26-1.68(10H, m), 1.76(3H, s), 1.83(3H, s), 2.10(3H, s), 2.12(3H, s), 2.70(3H, s), 3.34(2H, t), 5.28(1H, s), 5.55(1H, t), 6.80(1H, s)

[0363]

[0364] Synthesis Example 2-9

[0365] (Cat 2-9)

[0366]

[0367]

[0368] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0369] In Synthesis Example 2-8, a ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound in Synthesis Example 2-8, except that propyliodide was used instead of methyliodide.

[0370]

[0371] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0372] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-9 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-8, the preparation was carried out in the same manner as the preparation of the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-8, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-9 was obtained in a yield of 28%.

[0373]

[0374] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 0.62(3H, s), 0.96(3H, t), 1.18(9H, s), 1.24-1.66(12H, m), 1.77(3H, s), 1.84(3H, s), 2.08(3H, s), 2.14(3H, s), 2.92(2H, m), 3.35(2H, s), 5.26(1H, s), 5.54(1H, t), 6.83(1H, s)

[0375]

[0376] Synthesis Example 2-10

[0377] (Cat 2-10)

[0378]

[0379]

[0380] Preparation of ligand compounds

[0381] In Synthesis Example 2-8, a ligand compound was prepared in the same manner as the preparation of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-8, except that 1-(tert-butoxy)-6-chlorohexane and NaI (10 mol%) synthesized in Synthesis Example 2-1 were used instead of methyliodide.

[0382]

[0383] Preparation of transition metal compounds

[0384] Except that the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-10 was used instead of the ligand compound of Synthesis Example 2-8, the preparation was carried out in the same manner as the preparation of the transition metal compound of Synthesis Example 2-8, and the transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-10 was obtained in a yield of 18%.

[0385]

[0386] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 7.26 ppm): 0.58(3H, s), 1.17(9H, s), 1.19(9H, s), 1.26-1.68(18H, m), 1.78(3H, s), 1.84(3H, s), 2.13(3H, s), 2.14(3H, s), 2.70-2.76(2H, m), 3.28-2.32(4H, m), 5.18(1H, s), 5.45(1H, t), 6.70(1H, s)

[0387]

[0388] Synthesis Example 3-1

[0389] (Cat 3-1)

[0390]

[0391] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-1 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 1 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2019-0074798.

[0392]

[0393] Synthesis Example 3-2

[0394] (Cat 3-2)

[0395]

[0396] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-2 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 1 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2022-0017200.

[0397]

[0398] Synthesis Example 3-3

[0399] (Cat 3-3)

[0400]

[0401] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-3 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 1 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2021-0020831.

[0402]

[0403] Synthesis Example 3-4

[0404] (Cat 3-4)

[0405]

[0406] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-4 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 2 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2021-0020831.

[0407]

[0408] Synthesis Example 3-5

[0409] (Cat 3-5)

[0410]

[0411] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-5 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 3 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2021-0020831.

[0412]

[0413] Synthesis Example 3-6

[0414] (Cat 3-6)

[0415]

[0416] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-6 was prepared using the same method as in Manufacturing Example 2 of Korean Patent No. 1249995.

[0417]

[0418] Synthesis Example 3-7

[0419] (Cat 3-7)

[0420]

[0421] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-7 was prepared using the same method as Manufacturing Example 2 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2020-0089599.

[0422]

[0423] Synthesis Example 3-8

[0424] (Cat 3-8)

[0425]

[0426] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-8 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 3 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2017-0073463.

[0427]

[0428] Synthesis Example 3-9

[0429] (Cat 3-9)

[0430]

[0431] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-9 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 4 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2017-0073463.

[0432]

[0433] Synthesis Example 3-10

[0434] (Cat 3-10)

[0435]

[0436] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-10 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 5 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2017-0073463.

[0437]

[0438] Synthesis Example 3-11

[0439] (Cat 3-11)

[0440]

[0441] A transition metal compound of the structural formula Cat 3-11 was prepared using the same method as Synthesis Example 6 of Korean Patent Publication No. 2017-0073463.

[0442]

[0443] <Preparation of Hybrid Supported Metallocene Catalysts>

[0444] Manufacturing Example 1

[0445] 2.0 kg of toluene and 1000 g of silica (Grace Davison, SP2410) were charged into a 20L SUS high-pressure reactor, and stirred while raising the temperature of the reactor to 40°C. 5.4 kg of methylaluminoxane (10 wt% in toluene, manufactured by Albemarle) was charged into the reactor, and the temperature was raised to 70°C, followed by stirring at about 200 rpm for about 12 hours. Thereafter, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to 40°C, and stirring was stopped. The reaction product was allowed to stand for about 10 minutes and then decantated. 2.0 kg of toluene was then added to the reaction product, stirred for about 10 minutes, stopped, allowed to stand for about 30 minutes, and then decantated.

[0446] 2.0 kg of toluene was charged into the reactor, and then the first transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 1-1 (40.0 mmol) prepared in Synthesis Example 1-1, the second transition metal compound of structural formula Cat 2-1 (20.0 mmol) prepared in Synthesis Example 2-1, and 1000 mL of toluene were charged. The temperature of the reactor was raised to 85°C, and stirring was performed for about 90 minutes.

[0447] Afterwards, the temperature of the reactor was lowered to room temperature, stirring was stopped, the reaction product was allowed to stand for about 30 minutes, and the reaction product was decantated. Next, 3 kg of hexane was added to the reactor, and the hexane slurry solution was transferred to a 20 L filter dryer, the solution was filtered, and dried under reduced pressure at 50 °C for about 4 hours to obtain about 1.5 kg of a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

[0448]

[0449] Manufacturing Examples 2 to 14 and Comparative Manufacturing Examples 1 to 11

[0450] As described in Table 1 below, a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that the types of the first and second transition metal compounds were changed.

[0451]

[0452] Catalyst 1st transition metal compound 2nd transition metal compound Preparation example 1 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-1 Preparation example 2 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-2 Preparation example 3 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-3 Preparation example 4 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-4 Preparation example 5 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-5 Preparation example 6 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-6 Preparation example 7 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-7 Preparation example 8 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-8 Preparation example 9 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-9 Preparation example 10 Cat 1-1 Cat 2-10 Preparation example 11 Cat 1-2 Cat 2-1 Preparation example 12 Cat 1-3 Cat 2-1 Preparation example 13 Cat 1-4 Cat 2-1 Preparation example 14Cat 1-5Cat 2-1Comparative manufacturing example 1Cat 1-4Cat 3-1Comparative manufacturing example 2Cat 1-4Cat 3-2Comparative manufacturing example 3Cat 1-4Cat 3-3Comparative manufacturing example 4Cat 1-4Cat 3-4Comparative manufacturing example 5Cat 1-4Cat 3-5Comparative manufacturing example 6Cat 1-4Cat 3-6Comparative manufacturing example 7Cat 1-4Cat 3-7Comparative manufacturing example 8Cat 1-4Cat 3-8Comparative manufacturing example 9Cat 1-4Cat 3-9Comparative manufacturing example 10Cat 1-4Cat 3-10Comparative manufacturing example 11Cat 1-4Cat 3-11

[0453]

[0454] <Manufacturing of polyethylene>

[0455] Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 11

[0456] A 140 L continuous polymerizer capable of performing an isobutene slurry loop process with a polymerization reactor and operating at a reaction velocity of approximately 7 m / s was prepared. The reactants required for polyethylene polymerization were continuously fed into the reactor as described in Tables 2 and 3. The catalysts used in each polymerization reaction were those prepared in the manufacturing examples or comparative manufacturing examples described in Table 1, and were mixed with the isobutene slurry and fed. The polymerization reaction was performed at a pressure of approximately 40 bar and a temperature of approximately 85°C.

[0457]

[0458] The main conditions of the above polymerization reaction are shown in Table 2.

[0459] Catalytic ethylene input (kg / hr)1-Hexene input 1 (wt%) hydrogen input 2(ppm)Activity (kgPE / kgSiO2·hr)Example 1 Manufacturing Example 1 2512.0274.3Example 2 Manufacturing Example 2 2514.01107.6Example 3 Manufacturing Example 3 2514.0105.1Example 4 Manufacturing Example 4 2413.054.4Example 5 Manufacturing Example 5 20.314.01353.9Example 6 Manufacturing Example 6 19.814.81354.1Example 7 Manufacturing Example 7 20.411.52754.5Example 8 Manufacturing Example 8 2013.5383.4Example 9 Manufacturing Example 9 20.213.51144.0Example 10 Manufacturing Example 1017.814.21123.7 Example 11 Manufacturing Example 1119.314.0281.4 Example 12 Manufacturing Example 122114.41651.5 Example 13 Manufacturing Example 1328.114.21541.9 Example 14 Manufacturing Example 1420.114.63484.9 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Manufacturing Example 124.512.5203.2 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Manufacturing Example 219.812.01014.2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Manufacturing Example 319.811.7674.3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Manufacturing Example 42011.51003.2 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Manufacturing Example 520.112.0382.0 Comparative Example 6Comparative Manufacturing Example 6208.3302.0Comparative Example 7Comparative Manufacturing Example 7209.4752.7Comparative Example 8Comparative Manufacturing Example 82313.5482.5Comparative Example 9Comparative Manufacturing Example 92213.4702.1Comparative Example 10Comparative Manufacturing Example 1021.19.516.51.8Comparative Example 11Comparative Manufacturing Example 111911.0642.6

[0460] In Table 2 above, the activity (Activity, kgPE / kgSiO2·hr) was calculated as the ratio of the weight of polymer (kg PE) produced per weight of supported catalyst (kg) used per unit time (hr).

[0461] In addition, the 1-Hexene input amount (wt%) is calculated as a percentage of the 1-Hexene input amount based on the total weight of monomers including ethylene and 1-hexene, and the hydrogen input amount (ppm) is calculated as a percentage of the total weight of monomers including ethylene and 1-hexene.

[0462]

[0463] <Experimental Example>

[0464] The physical properties of the polyethylene manufactured in the examples and comparative examples were measured as follows, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0465]

[0466] (1) Density (g / cm) 3 )

[0467] Measured according to ASTM D1505 standard

[0468]

[0469] (2) Melt Index (MI 2.16 ): Measured according to ISO 1133 (190 ℃, 2.16 kg load) standard.

[0470]

[0471] (3) Melt Flow Rate Ratio (MI 21.6 / MI 2.16 )

[0472] MI under a temperature of 190℃ and a load of 21.6kg according to ISO 1133 21.6 Measure MI under a temperature of 190℃ and a load of 2.16kg according to ISO 1133. 2.16 MI by measuring 21.6 MI 2.16 MFRR was calculated by dividing by .

[0473]

[0474] (4) Haze (%)

[0475] The degree of light refracted (%) when light was shone on a 1 cm thick specimen was measured according to ASTM D1003. Haze was calculated as Td (refracted light) / Tt (transmitted light) × 100 (%).

[0476]

[0477] (5) Machining pressure (machining load, bar)

[0478] The processing pressure (bar) was measured using a Haake extruder at cylinder-1 / -2 / -3 / die=180 / 185 / 185 / 190 and a speed of 40 rpm.

[0479]

[0480] Density (g / cm) 3 )MI 2.16 (g / 10min)MFRR(MI 21.6 / MI 2.16 ) Pressure (bar) Haze (%) Example 10.9190.647.601728.9 Example 20.92020.7945.891749.5 Example 30.91980.643.501857.9 Example 40.91980.353.101609.0 Example 50.92441.0650.081607.8 Example 60.92111.0746.731818.0 Example 70.92121.2545.301748.0 Example 80.91600.4248.001698.3 Example 90.91951.1545.541789.4 Example 100.91911.4446.631698.2 Example 110.92530.9749.641687.5 Example 120.92600.9348.251647.2 Example 130.9190.8752.001647.8 Example 140.91790.5663.531568.5 Comparative Example 10.91731.1426.7024520.0 Comparative Example 20.91711.1526.0023014.2 Comparative Example 30.91770.5927.9024221.2 Comparative Example 40.91891.1426.7425815.3Comparative Example 50.91630.8322.3426116.3Comparative Example 60.91800.622.9822815.8Comparative Example 70.92011.127.5124218.5Comparative Example 80.91660.7025.8825121.9Comparative Example 90.92540.9925.5624022.6Comparative Example 100.91850.8821.8924416.2Comparative Example 110.92500.9224.6325931.1

[0481] As can be confirmed in Table 3 above, the polyethylene of the example manufactured using a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst including a first transition metal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a second transition metal compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 according to the present invention was confirmed to have a high density, high MFRR, and high transparency due to a combination of high molecular weight high polymerization characteristics expressed from the first transition metal compound and low molecular weight high polymerization characteristics expressed from the second transition metal compound, while having excellent processability and transparency due to low processing pressure.

[0482]

[0483] Meanwhile, it was confirmed that the polyethylene of the comparative example manufactured using the hybrid supported metallocene catalyst including the transition metal compound of the comparative manufacturing example had high processing pressure and haze, and thus the processability and transparency were significantly lower than those of the polyethylene of the example.

Claims

1. A first transition metal compound represented by the following chemical formula 1; A second transition metal compound represented by the following chemical formula 2; co-catalyst; and containing a carrier, Hybrid supported metallocene catalysts: [Chemical Formula 1] In the above chemical formula 1, M1 is a group 4 transition metal, X 11 and X 12 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl, or halogen, A1 is carbon, silicon, or germanium, R 11 and R 12 are each independently, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, C 7-20 Arylalkyl, or C 7-20 It is an alkoxyaryl, Q 11 and Q 12 One of them is C 2-20 Alkoxyalkyl, and the other one is C 1-20 It is alkyl, [Chemical Formula 2] In the above chemical formula 2, M2 is a group 4 transition metal, X 21 and X 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or halogen, R 21 Silver hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl, R 22 Inland R 25 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-20 Alkyl, C 6-20 Aryl, C 7-20 Alkylaryl, or C 7-20 Arylalkyl, Q 21 and Q 22 are each independently, C 1-20 Alkyl or C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl, Q 21 and Q 22, and R 21 At least one of C 2-20 It is an alkoxyalkyl.

2. In paragraph 1, M1 is zirconium (Zr), X 11 and X 12 are each independently a halogen, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

3. In paragraph 1, A1 is silicone, Q 11 and Q 12 Either one of them is -(CH2) n -R a (Above R a is C 3-6 A branched alkoxy group, n is an integer from 2 to 10) is an alkoxyalkyl, and the remaining one is C 1-4 alkyl, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

4. In paragraph 1, R 11 Inland R 12 are each independently, C 6-20 Aryl, or C 7-20 alkylaryl, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

5. In paragraph 1, R 11 Inland R 12 are each independently phenyl, naphthyl, methylphenyl, ethylphenyl, n-propylphenyl, iso-propylphenyl, n-butylphenyl, iso-butylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, di-tert-butylphenyl, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

6. In paragraph 1, The above first transition metal compound is any one selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: Hybrid supported metallocene catalysts: .

7. In paragraph 1, M2 is zirconium (Zr), X 21 and X 22 are each independently a halogen, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

8. In paragraph 1, A2 is silicone, Q 21 and Q 22, and R 21 At least one of them is -(CH2) n -R b (Above R b is C 3-6 A branched alkoxy group, and n is an integer from 2 to 10) is an alkoxyalkyl, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

9. In paragraph 1, R 22 Inland R 25 are each independently hydrogen, C 1-6 Alkyl, or C 6-10 The aryl of, Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

10. In paragraph 1, The above second transition metal compound is any one selected from the group consisting of the following compounds: Hybrid supported metallocene catalysts: .

11. In paragraph 1, The first transition metal compound and the second transition metal compound are included in a molar ratio of 1:10 to 10:

1. Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

12. In paragraph 1, The above cocatalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following chemical formula 3. Hybrid supported metallocene catalysts: [Chemical Formula 3] -[Al(R 41 )-O]a- In the above chemical formula 3, R 41 is a halogen; or C substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen 1-20 It is hydrocarbyl; a is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

13. In paragraph 1, The carrier comprises silica, alumina, magnesia or a mixture thereof. Hybrid supported metallocene catalyst.

14. A step of polymerizing an ethylene monomer and an alpha-olefin monomer by introducing hydrogen in the presence of a hybrid supported metallocene catalyst according to paragraph 1. Method for producing polyethylene.

15. In paragraph 14, The above alpha-olefin monomer is added in an amount of 5 to 20 wt% based on the total weight of monomers including ethylene monomer and alpha-olefin monomer, The above hydrogen is added at 5 to 500 ppm based on the total weight of monomers including ethylene monomer and alpha-olefin monomer. Method for producing polyethylene.

16. In paragraph 14, The above alpha-olefin monomer is 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, Method for producing polyethylene.

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