Oxidation reduction potential estimation in bodies of water

Abstract

A monitoring subsystem for determining updated chlorination related information, for a specific body of water (BOW) comprising at least: sensor and a processing unit configured to: obtain calibration data based on a measuring an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) level of the water, determine an updated value of an ORP threshold ORPth, receive an ORP reading from the at least one sensor, determine whether the updated ORP value is located within the updated dynamic range or within the updated blind range of the specific BOW.

Description

OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL ESTIMATION IN BODIES OF WATERTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) estimation and more particularly to subsystems, systems and methods for ORP estimation for determining required controlling actions for controlling of one or more chlorinators of a body of water (BOW).BACKGROUND

[0002] Chlorinating water of a BOW is a challenging ongoing work. Over dosing the BOW water with chlorinating substances may be harmful and unhealthy, while under dosing may lead to accumulation of polluting chemical and / or organic contaminants in the BOW water leading to different harmful and unhealthy results, especially in cases in which the BOW is designed for human contact such as a swimming pool, spa, drinking water reservoir, etc.

[0003] Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is a parameter that is indicative of the ability of oxidizers in the BOW water such as chlorine and / or ozone, to break down waste products such as organic and / or chemical contaminants. Higher ORP level is typically indicative of a higher ability of the one or more oxidizers to oxidize contaminants in the BOW water.

[0004] However, ORP level measuring does not provide an outmost reliable parameter for deducing the exact dosing of oxidizer(s) required to be introduced into the BOW water for maintaining a healthy and balanced disinfected BOW water while not overdosing the BOW water.

[0005] Furthermore, different BOWs and different conditions of BOW water may dramatically influence the relation between ORP levels and contaminants properties such as concentration etc., and therefore dramatically influence the reliability level of ORP measurements for determining required disinfection actions, substances and / or means for optimal water disinfection.SUMMARY

[0006] A monitoring subsystem for a chlorination system that comprises at least one chlorinator, configured for controllable introduction of one or more chlorination substances into water of a specific body of water (BOW), the monitoring subsystem comprising at least: at least one oxidation reduction potential (ORP) sensor; and

[0007] at least one processor configured at least to:

[0008] obtain calibration data based on a calibration process that includes gradually increasing of known chlorine concentration level in water and measuring of corresponding ORP level of the water;

[0009] determine an updated value of an ORP threshold ORP th, for the water of the specific BOW, wherein the ORP threshold ORP th updated value defines an updated dynamic range of ORP values and an updated blind range of ORP values;

[0010] receive at least one ORP reading from the at least one sensor, indicative of an updated ORP value of the water of the specific BOW;

[0011] determine whether the updated ORP value is located within the updated dynamic range or within the updated blind range of the specific BOW; and

[0012] optionally also determine updated required chlorination and / or updated chlorination control data of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system, based on the updated ORP value and based on the updated range within which the updated ORP value is determined to be located, wherein the updated dynamic range is an updated range of ORP values that are of a higher correlation with values of free chlorine level of the water of the specific BOW than that of the updated blind range.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to understand the presently disclosed subject matter and to see how it may be carried out in practice, the subj ect matter will now be described, by way of non-limiting examples only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0014] Fig. l is a schematic illustration of a system for monitoring ORP levels of a BOW water for chlorination control, according to some embodiments; and

[0015] Fig .2 is a flowchart, schematically illustrating main steps of a method for monitoring ORP levels of water of a BOW, for chlorination control, according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0016] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the presently disclosed subject matter. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the presently disclosed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well- known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the presently disclosed subject matter.

[0017] In the drawings and descriptions set forth, identical reference numerals indicate those components that are common to different embodiments or configurations.

[0018] Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the specification discussions utilizing terms such as “obtaining^ “identifying”, “performing“, “providing” “moving”, “instructing” or the like, include action and / or processes of a computer that manipulate and / or transform data into other data, said data represented as physical quantities, e.g., such as electronic quantities, and / or said data representing the physical objects. The terms “computer”, “processor”, “processing resource”, “processing circuitry”, and “controller” should be expansively construed to cover any kind of electronic device with data processing capabilities, including, by way of non-limiting example, a personal desktop / laptop computer, a server, a computing system, a communication device, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a smart television, a processor (e.g. digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc.), a group of multiple physical machines sharing performance of various tasks, virtual servers co-residing on a single physical machine, any other electronic computing device, and / or any combination thereof.

[0019] The monitoring subsystem of disclosed embodiments is aiming, inter alia, to overcome the problem of ORP sensors being unreliable in terms of accuracy.

[0020] Another object of the monitoring system of disclosed embodiments, is that the mathematical relation between the ORP level of the water of BOWs does not alwayscorrelate with chlorine levels in those BOWs and the correlation may vary based on various properties and conditions such as properties of the actual specific BOW, weather, ultraviolet (UV) radiation level, UV absorption properties of the specific BOW, temperature, number of occupants in the water of the BOW, wind, snow and / or rain conditions, functionality or operation state of filtering or other devices of the BOW, recent maintenance history of the BOW, etc.

[0021] However, a system that measures such many properties of the BOW may be costly, large and cumbersome to use, and may require many energy and installation resources.

[0022] The present invention aims to provide simple, compact, low-cost and easy to use OPR level subsystem that also improves reliability of chlorination control, by relying mainly on simple ORP level measuring to determine required chlorination of water of a BOW, via one or more chlorinators.

[0023] Aspects of disclosed embodiments pertain to systems, subsystems and methods for determining an updated value of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) parameter ultimately for determining required chlorination for controlling at least one chlorinator of a chlorination system.

[0024] According to some embodiments, there is provided a monitoring subsystem, for determining updated chlorination related information, for a specific body of water (BOW).

[0025] According to some embodiments, the monitoring subsystem includes:

[0026] at least one sensor, such as, yet not limited to, an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) sensor; and

[0027] at least one processor configured at least to:

[0028] - obtain calibration data based on a calibration process that includes gradually increasing of known chlorine concentration level in water and measuring of corresponding ORP level of the water, using the at least one sensor;

[0029] - determine an updated value of an ORP threshold ORP th, for the water of the specific BOW, wherein the ORP threshold ORP th updated value defines an updated dynamic range of ORP values and an updated blind range of ORP values;

[0030] - receive at least one ORP reading from the at least one sensor, indicative of an updated ORP value of the water of the specific BOW;

[0031] - determine whether the updated ORP value is located within the updated dynamic range or within the updated blind range of the specific BOW; and

[0032] - determine updated required chlorination for the BOW water of the specific BOW and / or updated chlorination control data of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system, based on the updated ORP value and based on the updated range within which the updated ORP value is determined to be located. The updated dynamic range may be an updated range of ORP values that are of a higher correlation with values of free chlorine level of the water of the specific BOW than that of the updated blind range.

[0033] According to some embodiments, the updated value of the ORP threshold ORPth may be dynamically and automatically adjustable over time for the specific BOW, based on obtained updated information relating to one or more updated properties pertaining to the specific BOW.

[0034] According to some embodiments, the controlling of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system may be done by:

[0035] if the updated ORP value is determined to be within the updated dynamic range, then the updated ORP value is used to determine a corresponding updated free chlorine level and, based on the determined updated free chlorine level, determine required dosing of the one or more chlorination substances to be introduced to the water of the specific BOW; and

[0036] if the updated ORP value is determined to be within the updated blind range, wait until the updated ORP value is within the dynamic range and perform step (i) and / or determine required dosing of the one or more chlorination substances to be introduced to the water of the specific BOW based on other information relating to one or more updated properties pertaining to the specific BOW.

[0037] According to some embodiments, the one or more updated properties pertaining to the specific BOW may be received, estimated, predicted and / or deduced from received information / data, where the one or more updated properties may include one or more of:

[0038] - updated water evaporation quantity and / or rate of the water of the specific BOW;

[0039] - updated volume of the water of the specific BOW;

[0040] - updated flow level of the water of the specific BOW;

[0041] - updated level of one or more chemical and / or organic substances in the water of the specific BOW;

[0042] - updated ultraviolet (UV) level in an area of the specific BW;

[0043] - absorbed UV radiation;

[0044] - updated quantity and / or rate of evaporation of one or more chemical and / or organic substances from the water of the specific BOW;

[0045] - updated number of occupants in the specific BOW;

[0046] - updated ambient-temperature at an area of the specific BOW;

[0047] - update water-temperature of the water of the specific BOW;

[0048] - updated maintenance information pertaining to recent maintenance actions performed in the specific BOW, wherein the updated maintenance information is indicative at least of one or more previous actions of introduction of one or more chlorination substances into the water of the specific BOW;

[0049] - updated weather information at the area of the specific BOW;

[0050] - updated sensor data from one or more additional sensors;

[0051] - updated or initial input data inputted by at least one user.

[0052] According to some embodiments, the one or more chemical and / or organic substances may pertain to one or more of: chlorine, free chlorine, combined chlorine, cyanuric acid, cyanurate, biomass, bacteria.

[0053] According to some embodiments, the updated sensor data may pertain to one or more of: ambient-temperature of the area of the specific BOW; water-temperature of the water of the specific BOW; optical data of the water of the specific BOW; optical data of an area of the specific BOW; pH of the water of the specific BOW; spectral data of the water of the specific BOW; free chlorine level of the water of the specific BOW; concentration of other chemical and / or organic substances in the water of the specific BOW; ultraviolet (UV) radiation data.

[0054] According to some embodiments, the one or more additional sensors may include one or more of: pH sensor, optical sensor, turbidity sensor, UV sensor, spectrometer, temperature sensor, infrared thermal sensor, free chlorine sensor, chemical sensor.

[0055] According to some embodiments, the updated value of the ORP threshold ORPth may be adjustably determined based on one or more predefined equations for the specific BOW. For example, each equation may have one or more variables and a different coefficient for each variable, wherein to dynamically adjust the value of the updated ORPthreshold, value of one or more of the coefficients is adjustable, based on the obtained information.

[0056] According to some embodiments, the controlling of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system may be done directly or indirectly by the at least one processor by performing one or more of:

[0057] determining a chlorination dosing for the at least one chlorinator;

[0058] determining one or more required chlorination actions;

[0059] sending the determined chlorinating dosing and / or chlorination actions or the updated ORP value the chlorination system to one or more control and / or processing devices of the at least one chlorinator.

[0060] According to some embodiments, the monitoring subsystem may be embedded in the chlorination system. For example, the chlorination system may include a single processing unit including the at least one processor; and the at least one sensor and / or any other sensors or units of the monitoring subsystem.

[0061] According to some embodiments, the chlorination system may also include a controller for electronically controlling the at least one chlorinator thereof and a communication unit for enabling data communication between the at least one sensor, other sensors of the monitoring subsystem, the at least one processor, the chlorination system and / or the controller.

[0062] According to some embodiments, the monitoring subsystem and / or the chlorination system may include at least one data repository unit for storing of data.

[0063] According to some embodiments, the at least one sensor may include a submersible probe enabling at least partial submersing of the probe in the water of the specific BOW at least for ORP detection.

[0064] According to some embodiments, an initial updated ORP threshold value ORPthj may be determined, for the specific BOW, by an initial calibration process comprising at least the steps of:

[0065] (1) obtaining an initial ORP value ORPo of the water of the specific BOW, from at least one reading from the at least one sensor, where the water of the specific BOW is of a known initial free chlorine level FCLo;

[0066] (2) adding a known additional dosage of chlorine to the water of the specific BOW thereby obtaining a corresponding free chlorine level and measuring a correspondingORP value of the water of the specific BOW, where step (2) may be repeated several times; and

[0067] (3) generating a baseline correlation data for the specific BOW, indicative of relation between values of the ORP and values of the free chlorine level, for the specific BOW, based on the obtained ORP values and their corresponding obtained free chlorine level values. The initial calibration process may also include the step of (4) measuring the actual free chlorine level for each initial known and added chlorine dosage, using at least one other measuring device that is of a higher free chlorine measuring-accuracy than that of the at least one sensor.

[0068] According to some embodiments, an initial updated ORP threshold value ORPthj may be determined for the specific BOW, by an initial calibration process that may include the main steps of:

[0069] changing free chlorine level value of the water of the BOW such as to have several different free chlorine level values and measure, for each such different free chlorine level value, a corresponding free chlorine level value by using at least one other measuring device that is of a higher free chlorine measuring-accuracy than that of the at least one sensor, and a corresponding ORP value, using the at least one sensor of the specific BOW; and

[0070] generating a baseline correlation data for the specific BOW, indicative of relation between values of the ORP and values of the free chlorine level, for the specific BOW, based on the measured free chlorine level values and measured ORP values.

[0071] According to some embodiments, the initial calibration process may be automatically and / or autonomously performable in a repeatable manner for determining each updated ORP threshold value.

[0072] According to some embodiments, the monitoring subsystem may be configured to obtain additional information pertaining to value of one or more water-properties, and determine that all readings of the at least one sensor are invalid for chlorination control, if the obtained value of the one or more water-properties exceeds a corresponding threshold value of one or more of the one or more water-properties. The one or more water-properties may include, for example, at least one of: ultraviolet (UV) radiation level, water-temperature, cyanuric acid level and / or pH level.

[0073] Reference is now made to Fig. 1, schematically illustrating a monitoring subsystem 100 configured for monitoring ORP of water 11 of a object 10 such as a swimming pool, a water reservoir, a spa facility, etc., for facilitating in controlling chlorination of the water 11 of the object 10, via a chlorination system of the object 10 including at least one chlorinator such as chlorinator 200, according to some embodiments.

[0074] The monitoring subsystem 100 may include a sensor unit 110 that includes measuring chamber 111 with at least one sensor 112 therewithin, such as an ORP probing sensor. Water from the mains is fed via inlet pipe 50 into measuring chamber 111 of sensor unit 110, where sensor 112 measures oxidation-reduction potential and generates an electric signal corresponding to the measured value. The generated electric signal is transmitted to processing and control unit 120 which is

[0075] configured at least to:

[0076] obtain calibration data based on a calibration process that includes gradually increasing of known chlorine concentration level in water and measuring of corresponding ORP level of the water (where the water may be the pool water 11 of the pool 10);

[0077] determine an updated value of an ORP threshold ORP th, for the BOW contained in measuring chamber 111 wherein the ORP threshold ORP th updated value defines an updated dynamic range of ORP values and an updated blind range of ORP values;

[0078] receive at least one ORP reading from the at least one sensor 111, indicative of an updated ORP value of the water 11 of the specific BOW 10; and

[0079] determine whether the updated ORP value is located within the updated dynamic range or within the updated blind range of the specific BOW contained in measuring chamber 111.

[0080] The processing and control unit 120 may be further configured to either control at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system or send recommended control information to the chlorinator 200 and / or to a controller of the chlorinator 200, based on the updated ORP value and based on the updated range within which the updated ORP value is determined to be located.

[0081] The updated and initial thresholds and ranges of ORP level may be specifically associated with the specific BOW contained in measuring chamber 111 therebyincreasing reliability level for determining required chlorination for that specific BOW contained in measuring chamber 111

[0082] Fig .2 is a flowchart, schematically illustrating main steps of a method for monitoring ORP levels of water of a BOW, for chlorination control, according to some embodiments. The method may include the following main steps:

[0083] obtaining calibration data based on a calibration process that includes gradually increasing of known chlorine concentration level in water and measuring of corresponding ORP level of the water (where the water may be the specific BOW water of the specific BOW (step 1);

[0084] determining an updated value of an ORP threshold ORPth, for the water of the specific BOW, wherein the ORP threshold ORPth updated value defines an updated dynamic range of ORP values and an updated blind range of ORP values (step 2);

[0085] receiving at least one ORP reading from the at least one sensor, indicative of an updated ORP value of the water of the specific BOW (step 3); and

[0086] determining whether the updated ORP value is located within the updated dynamic range or within the updated blind range of the specific BOW (step 4).

[0087] The range type (dynamic or blind) within which the updated ORP level is determined to be, enables determining required chlorination for the specific BOW and / or updated required chlorinator(s) control data / information / commands.

[0088] In some embodiments, the method may further optionally include either controlling of at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system of the specific BOW by determining a set of updated control actions / commands or send recommended control information to the chlorinator(s) of a chlorination system of the specific BOW, based, for example, on the updated ORP value and based on the updated range within which the updated ORP value is determined to be located.

[0089] The operations in accordance with the teachings herein may be performed by a computer specially constructed for the desired purposes or by a general-purpose computer specially configured for the desired purpose by a computer program stored in a non- transitory computer readable storage medium. The term "non-transitory" is used herein to exclude transitory, propagating signals, but to otherwise include any volatile or nonvolatile computer memory technology suitable to the application.

[0090] As used herein, the phrase "for example," "such as", "for instance" and variants thereof describe non-limiting embodiments of the presently disclosed subject matter. Reference in the specification to "one case", "some cases", "other cases" or variants thereof means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment s) is included in at least one embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter. Thus, the appearance of the phrase "one case", "some cases", "other cases" or variants thereof does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment s).

[0091] It is appreciated that, unless specifically stated otherwise, certain features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the presently disclosed subject matter, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

[0092] Any reference in the specification to a method should be applied mutatis mutandis to a system capable of executing the method and should be applied mutatis mutandis to a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions that once executed by a computer result in the execution of the method.

[0093] Any reference in the specification to a system should be applied mutatis mutandis to a method that may be executed by the system and should be applied mutatis mutandis to a non-transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions that may be executed by the system.

[0094] Any reference in the specification to a non-transitory computer readable medium should be applied mutatis mutandis to a system capable of executing the instructions stored in the non-transitory computer readable medium and should be applied mutatis mutandis to method that may be executed by a computer that reads the instructions stored in the non-transitory computer readable medium.

[0095] It is to be understood that the presently disclosed subject matter is not limited in its application to the details set forth in the description contained herein or illustrated in the drawings. The presently disclosed subject matter is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. Hence, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate thatthe conception upon which this disclosure is based may readily be utilized as a basis for designing other structures, methods, and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present presently disclosed subject matter.

[0096] It will also be understood that the system according to the presently disclosed subject matter can be implemented, at least partly, as a suitably programmed computer. Likewise, the presently disclosed subject matter contemplates a computer program being readable by a computer for executing the disclosed method. The presently disclosed subject matter further contemplates a machine-readable memory tangibly embodying a program of instructions executable by the machine for executing the disclosed method.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A monitoring subsystem for determining updated chlorination related information, for a specific body of water (BOW), the monitoring subsystem comprising at least:- at least one sensor; and- a processing unit comprising at least one processor, the processing unit being configured at least to:• obtain calibration data based on a calibration process that includes gradually increasing of known chlorine concentration level in water of the specific BOW and measuring of corresponding oxidation reduction potential (ORP) level of the water, using the at least one sensor;• determine an updated value of an ORP threshold ORP th, for the water of the specific BOW, wherein the ORP threshold ORPt updated value defines an updated dynamic range of ORP values and an updated blind range of ORP values for the specific BOW;• receive at least one ORP reading from the at least one sensor, for determining an updated ORP value of the water of the specific BOW;• determine whether the updated ORP value is located within the updated dynamic range or within the updated blind range of the specific BOW; and• determine updated required chlorination and / or updated chlorination control data of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system, based on the updated ORP value and based on the updated range within which the updated ORP value is determined to be located, wherein the updated dynamic range is an updated range of ORP values that are of a higher correlation with values of free chlorine level of the water of the specific BOW than that of the updated blind range.

2. The monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the updated value of the ORP threshold ORPth is dynamically and automatically adjustable over time for the specific BOW, based on obtained updated information relating to one or more updated properties pertaining to the specific BOW.

3. The monitoring system of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the updated value of the ORP threshold ORPth is dynamically and automatically adjustable over time for the specific PH and salinity of water in an inlet pipe.

4. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the controlling of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system is done by:(i) if the updated ORP value is determined to be within the updated dynamic range, then the updated ORP value is used to determine a corresponding updated free chlorine level and, based on the determined updated free chlorine level, determine required dosing of the one or more chlorination substances to be introduced to the water of the specific BOW; and(ii) if the updated ORP value is determined to be within the updated blind range, wait until the updated ORP value is within the dynamic range and perform step (i) and / or determine required dosing of the one or more chlorination substances to be introduced to the water of the specific BOW based on other information relating to one or more updated properties pertaining to the specific BOW.

5. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the one or more updated properties pertaining to the specific BOW are received, estimated, predicted and / or deduced from received information, and wherein the one or more updated properties comprise one or more of- updated water evaporation quantity and / or rate of the water of the specific BOW;- updated volume of the water of the specific BOW;- updated flow level of the water of the specific BOW;- updated level of one or more chemical and / or organic substances in the water of the specific BOW; updated level of specific PH and salinity of water in the inlet pipe;- updated ultraviolet (UV) level in an area of the specific BW;- absorbed UV radiation;- updated quantity and / or rate of evaporation of one or more chemical and / or organic substances from the water of the specific BOW;- updated number of occupants in the specific BOW;- updated ambient-temperature at an area of the specific BOW;- update water-temperature of the water of the specific BOW;- updated maintenance information pertaining to recent maintenance actions performed in the specific BOW, wherein the updated maintenance information is indicative at least of oneor more previous actions of introduction of one or more chlorination substances into the water of the specific BOW;- updated weather information at the area of the specific BOW;- updated sensor data from one or more additional sensors;- updated or initial input data inputted by at least one user.

6. The monitoring subsystem of claim 5, wherein the one or more chemical and / or organic substances comprise one or more of: chlorine, free chlorine, combined chlorine, cyanuric acid, cyanurate, biomass, bacteria.

7. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 5 to 6, wherein the updated sensor data pertains to one or more of: ambient-temperature of the area of the specific BOW; watertemperature of the water of the specific BOW; optical data of the water of the specific BOW; optical data of an area of the specific BOW; pH of the water of the specific BOW; spectral data of the water of the specific BOW; ; concentration of other chemical and / or organic substances in the water of the specific BOW; ultraviolet (UV) radiation data.

8. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the one or more additional sensors comprise one or more of: pH sensor, optical sensor, turbidity sensor, UV sensor, spectrometer, temperature sensor, infrared thermal sensor, , chemical sensor.

9. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the updated value of the ORP threshold ORPth is adjustably determined based on one or more predefined equations for the specific BOW, each equation having one or more variables and a different coefficient for each variable, wherein to dynamically adjust the value of the updated ORP threshold, value of one or more of the coefficients is adjustable, based on the obtained information.

10. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the controlling of the at least one chlorinator of the chlorination system is done directly or indirectly by the at least one processor by performing one or more of:• determining a chlorination dosing for the at least one chlorinator;• determining one or more required chlorination actions;• sending the determined chlorinating dosing within the chlorination actions;sending the updated ORP value to the chlorination system.

11. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the monitoring subsystem is embedded in the chlorination system.

12. The monitoring subsystem of claim 11, wherein the chlorination system uses a single processing unit including the at least one processor.

13. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 11 to 12, wherein the chlorination system further comprises a controller for electronically controlling the at least one chlorinator thereof and a communication unit for enabling data communication between the at least one sensor, other sensors of the monitoring subsystem, the at least one processor and / or the controller.

14. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the monitoring subsystem and / or the chlorination system further comprises a data repository unit for storing of data.

15. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a probe enabling at least partial submersing of the probe in the water of the specific BOW for ORP detection.

16. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein an initial updated ORP threshold value ORP th i is determined, for the specific BOW, by an initial calibration process comprising at least the steps of:(1) obtaining an initial ORP value ORPo of the water of the specific BOW, from at least one reading from the at least one sensor, where the water of the specific BOW is of a known initial free chlorine level FCLo;(2) adding a known additional dosage of chlorine to the water of the specific BOW thereby obtaining a corresponding free chlorine level and measuring a corresponding ORP value of the water of the specific BOW, wherein step (2) is repeated several times; and(3) generating a baseline correlation data for the specific BOW, indicative of relation between values of the ORP and values of the free chlorine level, for the specific BOW, based on the obtained ORP values and their corresponding obtained free chlorine level values.

17. The monitoring subsystem of claim 16, wherein the initial calibration process further comprises the step of measuring the actual free chlorine level for the initial known and added chlorine dosage FCLo, using at least one other measuring device that is of a higher free chlorine measuring-accuracy than that of the at least one sensor.

18. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein an initial updated ORP threshold value ORP th i is determined, for the specific BOW, by an initial calibration process comprising at least: changing free chlorine level value of the water of the BOW such as to have several different free chlorine level values and measure, for each such different free chlorine level value, a corresponding free chlorine level value by using at least one other measuring device that is of a higher free chlorine measuring-accuracy than that of the at least one sensor, and a corresponding ORP value, using the at least one sensor of the specific BOW; and generating a baseline correlation data for the specific BOW, indicative of relation between values of the ORP and values of the free chlorine level, for the specific BOW, based on the measured free chlorine level values and measured ORP values.

19. The monitoring subsystem of claim 16 or claim 18, wherein the initial calibration process is automatically and / or autonomously performable in a repeatable manner for determining each updated ORP threshold value.

20. The monitoring subsystem of any one of claims 1 to 19 is further configured to obtain additional information pertaining to value of one or more water-properties, and determine that all readings of the at least one sensor are invalid for chlorination control, if the obtained value of the one or more water-properties exceeds a corresponding threshold value of one or more of the one or more water-properties.

21. The monitoring subsystem of claim 20, wherein the one or more water-properties comprise at least one of: ultraviolet (UV) radiation level, water-temperature, cyanuric acid level and / or pH level.

22. The monitoring system of any one or more of claims 1 to 21, wherein the at least one sensor is an ORP sensor.

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