A 3D shape-morphing unit, its manufacturing method, and a 3D shape-morphing method
The 3D shape-morphing unit with interleaved zigzag strips in an elastomeric pocket allows for energy-efficient, dynamically refreshable 3D metasurfaces with tunable stiffness and controllable buckling.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/105746
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for creating 3D structures are pre-determined and require constant energy input or have limited transformable geometries, lacking reprogrammability.
A 3D shape-morphing unit comprising an interleaved assembly of zigzag strips enclosed in an airtight elastomeric pocket with an air duct, allowing for dynamic shape transformation through jamming and unjamming without continuous energy input.
Enables flexible and dynamically refreshable 3D metasurfaces with tunable stiffness, achieving energy-efficient and spatiotemporally controllable buckling to form and maintain 3D shapes.
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Figure CN2024105746_22012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A 3D SHAPE-MORPHING UNIT, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND A 3D SHAPE-MORPHING METHODTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a 3D shape-morphing unit for creating dynamic 3D metasurfaces, its manufacturing method and a 3D shape-morphing method.BACKGROUND
[0002] The controlled transformation of two-dimensional (2D) matters into complex three-dimensional (3D) structures holds promise for various emerging areas, including soft robotics, biomedical devices, metamaterials, and the virtual reality / augmented reality applications. A variety of methods have emerged to create complex 3D structures. These methods include the use of responsive materials that respond to external stimuli, such as liquid crystal elastomers, dielectric elastomers, swellable hydrogels, and magnetically responsive soft materials. Other methods involve origami / kirigami structures, soft pneumatic actuators, multi-material structures, and mechanical buckling of pre-patterned 2D strips on soft substrates. These methods, however, generally preset shape-morphing rules at fabrication, thus the final 3D shapes are usually pre-determined and cannot be refreshed. Efforts have been dedicated to enable reprogrammable 3D structures, such as thermally activated robotic surfaces, Lorentz force-driving mechanical metasurfaces, and loading-path controlled mechanical assembly, with the cost of uninterrupted energy input or with limited transformable 3D geometries.
[0003] The present disclosure is provided to solve the above-mentioned defects in the background.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure intends to provide a 3D shape-morphing unit for creating dynamic 3D metasurfaces, its manufacturing method and a 3D shape-morphing method, which can form a flexible and dynamically refreshable 3D metasurface and maintain the formed 3D shape without requiring constant energy input.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a 3D shape-morphing unit, which comprises an interleaved assembly, an air duct, and an elastomeric substrate. The interleaved assembly is formed by interlacing a first zigzag strip and a second zigzag strip together and enclosing the same into an airtight elastomeric pocket. The air duct connects to the space within the elastomeric pocket and is used for reducing or increasing the pressure in the space. Besides, the bottom of the elastomeric pocket is anchored at two ends to the elastomeric substrate.
[0006] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a manufacturing method of a 3D shape-morphing unit. The method comprises providing an airtight elastomeric pocket with an air duct. The method comprises interlacing a first zigzag strip and a second zigzag strip and enclosing the same into the airtight elastomeric pocket to form an interleaved assembly. And the method comprises placing the interleaved assembly on an elastomeric substrate and anchoring the bottom of the elastomeric pocket at two ends to the elastomeric substrate.
[0007] In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a 3D shape-morphing method using the 3D shape-morphing unit of any embodiment herein. The 3D shape-morphing unit comprises an interleaved assembly, an air duct, and an elastomeric substrate. The interleaved assembly is formed by interlacing a first zigzag strip and a second zigzag strip together and enclosing the same into an airtight elastomeric pocket. The air duct connects to the space within the elastomeric pocket and is used for reducing or increasing the pressure in the space. Besides, the bottom of the elastomeric pocket is anchored at two ends to the elastomeric substrate. The 3D shape-morphing method comprises pre-stretching the elastomeric substrate. The 3D shape-morphing method comprises applying vacuum via the air duct to jam the interleaved assembly. Besides, the 3D shape-morphing method further comprises releasing the elastomeric substrate to buckle the jammed interleaved assembly at a buckling height.
[0008] The 3D shape-morphing unit, its manufacturing method and a 3D shape-morphing method of present disclosure is able to form flexible and dynamically refreshable 3D metasurface consisting of units with tunable stiffness through spatiotemporally jamming interleaved assemblies on soft substrates. On the pre-stretched soft substrate, each interleaved assembly can be individually spatially jammed by vacuum at distinct temporal instances during the relaxation of the pre-strain. Jamming the initially flat interleaved assembly bring about different stiffness to the interleaved assembly, which would buckle to 3D architectures with distinct buckling heights upon releasing the pre-stretched soft substrates in the temporal domain. Once jammed, the formed 3D shape do not require constant energy input to maintain. The jammed units can also be subsequently unjammed to recover to the 2D shapes. Thus, the present disclosure can achieve flexible and dynamically refreshable 3D shapes using an energetically efficient way.
[0009] Other aspects of the disclosure will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] In figures that are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar components in different figures. The same reference signs with suffixes or different suffixes may denote different examples of similar components. The figures generally show various embodiments by way of example rather than limitation, and are used together with the description and the claims to describe the embodiments of the present disclosure. Such embodiments are illustrative, and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the present device or method.
[0011] Fig. 1 illustrates an exploded-view schematic view of the 3D shape-morphing unit according to a first embodiment of present disclosure.
[0012] Fig. 2 illustrates the displacement and tensile rigidity (force) profile of the elastomeric pocket with different negative pressures applied for a 4-ply interleaved assembly according to a second embodiment of present disclosure.
[0013] Fig. 3 illustrates the correlation between tensile rigidity and applied negative pressure for interleaved assemblies with varying plies according to a third embodiment of present disclosure.
[0014] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic view of inducing tunable tensile rigidity by means of jamming and unjamming according to a fourth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0015] Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic flow diagram of the 3D shape-morphing process using the 3D shape-morphing unit according to a fifth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0016] Fig. 6 illustrates the top view and the front view of a buckling interleaved assembly according to a sixth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 7 (a) illustrates the FEA (finite element analysis) and experimental results for the maximum buckling height of the interleaved assembly with the residual pre-strain as 16%according to a seventh embodiment of present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 7 (b) illustrates the FEA and experimental results for the maximum buckling height of the interleaved assembly with the residual pre-strain as 32%according to a seventh embodiment of present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 7 (c) illustrates the FEA and experimental results for the maximum buckling height of the interleaved assembly with the residual pre-strain as 47%according to a seventh embodiment of present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 8 illustrates the FEA, experimental, and theoretical results for the maximum buckling height of the interleaved assembly as a function of the residual pre-strain εaccording to an eighth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 9 (a) illustrates a flow diagram of the inverse design for the pattern of interleaved assembly to morph into intricate 3D gestures of a worm according to a ninth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 9 (b) illustrates a flow diagram of the inverse design for the pattern of interleaved assembly to morph into intricate 3D gestures of a turtle according to a tenth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 9 (c) illustrates a flow diagram of the inverse design for the pattern of interleaved assembly to morph into intricate 3D gestures of a crayfish according to a eleventh embodiment of present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 10 illustrates a flow diagram of a manufacturing method of a 3D shape-morphing unit according to a twelfth embodiment of present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 11 illustrates a flow diagram of a 3D shape-morphing method using the 3D shape-morphing unit according to a thirteenth embodiment of present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present disclosure, the present disclosure will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present disclosure.
[0027] “First” , “second” and similar words used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. “Include” or “comprise” and other similar words mean that an element appearing before this word covers an element listed after this word, but do not exclude other elements.
[0028] In addition, although exemplary embodiments have been described herein, the scope thereof includes any and all embodiments based on the present disclosure having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., scenarios where various embodiments intersect) , adaptations, or changes. The elements of the claims will be construed broadly based on the language employed in the claims and are not limited to the examples described in this specification or during implementation of this application, the examples of which will be construed as non-exclusive. Accordingly, this specification and the examples are intended to be considered as examples only and the true scope and spirit are indicated by the full scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
[0029] Fig. 1 illustrates an exploded-view schematic view of the 3D shape-morphing unit according to a first embodiment of present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the 3D shape-morphing unit 100 comprises an interleaved assembly 101, an air duct 102, and an elastomeric substrate 103. The interleaved assembly 101 is formed by interlacing a first zigzag strip 101a and a second zigzag strip 101b together and enclosing the same into an airtight elastomeric pocket 101c. Particularly, friction exists between the first zigzag strip 101a and a second zigzag strip 101b similar to the friction concept of interleaved phone books. The air duct 102 connects to the space within the elastomeric pocket 101c and is used for reducing or increasing the pressure in the space. As an example, if negative pressure is applied via the air duct 102, the pressure in the space is reduced, and if negative pressure is released via the air duct 102, the pressure in the space is increased. The bottom of the elastomeric pocket 101c is anchored 104 at two ends to the elastomeric substrate 104. The elastomeric substrate can be made from soft elastomers, such as but not limited to soft silicone elastomer.
[0030] Although two zigzag strips, i.e., the first zigzag strip 101a and the second zigzag strip 101b are shown in Fig. 1, this is only an example, the number of the zigzag strips are not particularly limited. In some embodiment, a zigzag strip may have another zigzag strip interlacing with itself.
[0031] The stiffness, or tensile rigidity of the interleaved assembly 101 can be readily adjusted through a process known as jamming. The interleaved assembly 101 exhibits a stiff tensile rigidity in a jammed state while exhibits a soft tensile rigidity in an unjammed state. For example, the tensile rigidity of the unjammed elastomeric pocket 101c (i.e., negative pressure P = 0) is 0.723 N / mm, which can increase to as high as 21.715 N / mm upon jamming (e.g., P = 60 kPa) for a 4-ply interleaved assembly. This represents an increase in rigidity of over 30 times (See Figs. 2 and 3) . Particularly, as shown in Fig. 2, upon application of vacuum e.g., negative pressure of 60 kPa, the interleaved zigzag strips 101a and 101b yield high stiffness through friction, increasing tensile rigidity of the interleaved assembly 101. At atmospheric pressure (0 kPa) , the interleaved assembly 101 is unjammed, the interleaved zigzag strips 101a and 101b can easily slide over each other and thus can be pulled down easily by a mass of 100 g. As a contrast, with the mass of 200g attached to its end, the jammed interleaved assembly 101 almost maintained its initial length, while the unjammed interleaved assembly 101 easily being stretched. As shown in the profile in Fig. 2, the tensile tests show that the jammed interleaved assembly 101 (at vacuum pressure of 60 kPa) is more than 30 time stiffer than the unjammed interleaved assembly 101 (at vacuum pressure of 0 kPa) . That is to say, the interleaved assembly 101 has a stiffness or tensile rigidity tunable by its jamming.
[0032] The correlation between tensile rigidity and applied negative pressure is detailed in Fig. 3, the tensile rigidity and the applied negative pressure has a quantitative two-domain relationship, including the variable stiffness domain and the constant stiffness domain.
[0033] The two-domain relationship defines the following three scenarios: an OFF state representing low tensile rigidity without jamming (the negative pressure is zero, P = 0) , a variable stiffness scenario with moderate tensile rigidity (the negative pressure is more than zero and less than a threshold negative pressure depending on the plies of the interlaced zigzag strips, 0 < P < Pth) , where Pth denotes the specific threshold negative pressure that varies depending on the ply count of the interleaved papers, and an ON state characterized by high and relatively constant tensile rigidity with jamming (the negative pressure is more than the threshold negative pressure, P > Pth) .
[0034] As shown in Fig. 4, when air is introduced inside and thus unjammed, the interleaved assembly 101 exhibits elasticity comparable elastomeric material. Returning to Fig. 1, the interleaved assembly 101 has a maximum allowable tensile strain without compromising the interleaved structure, which depends on the initial overlapping length of the first zigzag strip 101a and the second zigzag strip 101b and the initial length of the interleaved assembly 101. The maximum allowable tensile strain without compromising the interleaved structure is defined by εmax=Loverlap / L, where Loverlap represents the initial overlapping length of two zigzag strips 101a and 101b, and L is the initial length of the interleaved assembly 101. Placing an interleaved assembly 101 on an elastomeric substrate 103, anchored 104 at two ends (see Fig. 1) , results in a strip exhibiting two distinct tensile rigidity (soft or stiff) on a soft elastomeric substrate 103.
[0035] Further, when vacuum is applied to the space within the elastomeric pocket 101c, resulting in confining pressure applied to the elastomeric pocket 101c from outside, and thus the interleaved assembly 101 become jammed and exhibit much higher tensile rigidity.
[0036] The elastomeric substrate 103 is stretchable. In case that the elastomeric substrate 103 is stretched, at least partial vacuum is applied to the space within the elastomeric pocket 101c, and the interleaved assembly 101 is thus jammed. In case that the elastomeric substrate 103 is released with the jammed interleaved assembly 101, the interleaved assembly 101 is buckled, so as to form a 3D configuration with a buckling height as shown in Fig. 5. Extensive research has been conducted on such interleaved assembly 101, particularly focusing on the behavior when a pre-stretched substrate (defined by εΔL / Ls where Ls is the initial length of the soft substrate, and ΔLs is its deformation length) releases its strain. This release leads to the buckling of stiff strips adhered to the soft substrate (see Fig. 5) .
[0037] Particularly, an additional design variable is introduced: jamming-induced tunable tensile rigidity. This variable significantly diversifies the buckling behavior of the interleaved assembly 101. The buckling height varies depending on the specific moment when the interleaved assembly 101 is jammed, forming a stiff strip on a soft substrate 103 that is releasing strain (See Fig. 5) . To effectively represent the temporal aspects of jamming and its associated buckling behavior, the notations [ε ] and [-] are introduced. Notation [ε ] signifies the state of being jammed at a particular residual pre-strain (< εpre < ) . This residual pre-strain , in combination with the geometrical parameters of the interleaved assembly 101, determines the buckling height w. Conversely, [-] indicates the state of being unjammed, where the ‘-’ symbol is used because is no longer relevant in this scenario.
[0038] Each individual interleaved assembly can be jammed at different temporal instants, enabling a spatiotemporally controllable buckling strategy for fabricating 3D architectures by means of one or more 3D shape-morphing units, a group of 3D shape-morphing units, or even an array of 3D shape-morphing units. Actually, each individual 3D shape-morphing unit may be denoted by either or ‘-’ , representing the jammed or unjammed state of each interleaved assembly 101, respectively. By means of designating one or more 3D shape-morphing units and defining the specific temporal instance (i.e., ) for spatiotemporally jamming each individual interleaved assembly and releasing the pre-stretched substrate, each individual interleaved assembly may be buckled as needed, flexible and dynamically refreshable 3D metasurface may be thus achieved.
[0039] Further, the jamming process is reversible. As shown in Fig. 5, When a buckled strip in the ON state is unjammed (by removing the vacuum to revert to the OFF state and allowing air in) , it reverts to its initial flat shape. As an example, the interleaved assembly may be initially flat, buckled upon jammed, and is able to be unjammed subsequently to recover to its initial flat shape. Besides, once the interleaved assembly is jammed, the formed 3D configuration maintains the shape without depending on constant energy input. That is to say, Continuous energy input is not required once the assembly is jammed, making this method energy-efficient for altering the tensile rigidity.
[0040] On the pre-stretched soft substrate, each interleaved assembly can be individually spatially jammed by vacuum at distinct temporal instances during the relaxation of the pre-strain. Jamming the initially flat interleaved assembly bring about different stiffness to the interleaved assembly, which would buckle to 3D architectures with distinct buckling heights upon releasing the pre-stretched soft substrates in the temporal domain. As shown in Fig. 5, if the pre-stretched elastomeric substrate is partially released before jamming of the interleaved assembly, the jamming occurs at a lower residual pre-strain. As an example, the buckling height depends on the temporal instant when the interleaved assembly is jammed. If the jamming occurs at a lower residual pre-strain, as shown in the second line in Fig. 5, the buckling height is lower than the buckling height obtained by jamming at a higher residual pre-strain, as shown in the first line in Fig. 5. As another example, the buckling height depends on the geometry of the interleaved assembly and its residual pre-strain during the state of being jammed. Once jammed, the formed 3D shape do not require constant energy input to maintain. The jammed units can also be subsequently unjammed to recover to the 2D shapes. Thus, the present disclosure can achieve flexible and dynamically refreshable 3D shapes using an energetically efficient way.
[0041] Fig. 6 illustrates the top view and the front view of a buckling interleaved assembly according to a sixth embodiment of present disclosure. By jamming the interleaved assembly at different residual pre-strains, with the residual pre-strain as 16%as shown in Fig. 7 (a) , with the residual pre-strain as 32%as shown in Fig. 7 (b) , with the residual pre-strain as 47%as shown in Fig. 7 (c) , different buckling heights of the interleaved assembly can be obtained, as both reflected by the FEA (finite element analysis) and experimental results for the maximum buckling height of the interleaved assembly as shown in Fig. 7 (a) , Fig. 7 (b) , and Fig. 7 (c) .
[0042] We modeled each interleaved assembly at the jammed state as a beam with non-uniform thickness, allowing us to theoretically determine its buckling height. To further characterize the buckling behavior and capture more intricate details, FEA was conducted. Fig. 8 illustrates the FEA, experimental, and theoretical results for the maximum buckling height of the interleaved assembly as a function of the residual pre-strain according to an eighth embodiment of present disclosure. The specific geometries considered include a 0.5 mm-thick elastomeric pocket and interleaved assemblies measuring 7 mm in width and 19 mm in length, with zigzag strips of 5 mm width, 14 mm length, and an initial overlapping length of 11 mm between two strips. It is found that the theoretical model and the finite element simulations agree very well with the experiments (as shown in Fig. 8) , which validates the feasibility of inverse design for complex 3D metasurfaces. Additionally, the mechanical behavior of the buckled interleaved assembly is also tested, revealing a maximum resisting loading of approximately 0.3 N, which is comparable to the force exerted by a typical mouse click or a keyboard typing. This finding suggests a promising potential application in tactile displays.
[0043] Beyond achieving 3D configurations with symmetric interleaved papers (as shown in Fig. 6) , present disclosure enables the construction of more intricate 3D shapes. This is achieved by incorporating various 2D interleaved assemblies, which can be designed through an intuitive inverse design process. Various bioinspired 3D shapes can be obtained by designing the patterns of the zigzag strips, especially by changing the shapes of the zigzag strips.
[0044] In some embodiments, from the top view, the first zigzag strip has a first shape and the second zigzag strip has a second shape with an overlapping manner, so as to form an animal-like 3D shape-morphing unit.
[0045] As an example, from the top view, both the first zigzag strip and the second zigzag strip are strip-shaped, the width of the first zigzag strip is less than that of the second zigzag strip, so as to form a worm-like 3D shape-morphing unit, as shown in Fig. 9 (a) .
[0046] As another example, from the top view, both the first zigzag strip and the second zigzag strip are Y-shaped, with the base part of their Y-shapes overlapped, so as to form a turtle-like 3D shape-morphing unit, as shown in Fig. 9 (b) .
[0047] As another example, from the top view, the first zigzag strip is strip-shaped, the second zigzag strip is Y-shaped, with the base part of the Y-shape overlapped with the strip-shape, so as to form a crayfish-like 3D shape-morphing unit, as shown in Fig. 9 (c) .
[0048] For each of these examples, the target shapes, the corresponding simulations, and the experimental results are listed, as in Fig. 9 (a) , Fig. 9 (b) , and Fig. 9 (c) . These comparisons demonstrate a high fidelity in 3D shape reproduction, underscoring the effectiveness of the design and fabrication approach.
[0049] Fig. 10 illustrates a flow diagram of a manufacturing method of a 3D shape-morphing unit according to a twelfth embodiment of present disclosure. At step 1001, an airtight elastomeric pocket with an air duct may be provided. At step 1002, a first zigzag strip and a second zigzag strip are interlaced with each other and enclosed into the airtight elastomeric pocket to form an interleaved assembly. At step 1003, the interleaved assembly is placed on an elastomeric substrate and the bottom of the elastomeric pocket is anchored at two ends to the elastomeric substrate.
[0050] Fig. 11 illustrates a flow diagram of a 3D shape-morphing method using the 3D shape-morphing unit according to a thirteenth embodiment of present disclosure. At step 1101, the elastomeric substrate may be pre-stretched. At step 1102, vacuum may be applied via the air duct to jam the interleaved assembly. At step 1103, the elastomeric substrate may be released to buckle the jammed interleaved assembly at a buckling height.
[0051] In some embodiments, the 3D shape-morphing method may further comprise jamming the interleaved assembly at a residual pre-strain of the pre-stretched elastomeric substrate according to the buckling height as needed.
[0052] In some embodiments, the 3D shape-morphing method may further comprise releasing the vacuum to recover the buckled strips to flat configuration.
[0053] Bu returning to Fig. 5, elastomeric substrate may be pre-stretched with the interleaved assembly unjammed, so that the interleaved assembly is soft. In some embodiments, the already pre-stretched substrate may be partially released to obtain the required residual pre-strain. The higher the buckling height is, the more residual pre-strain is. Then, vacuum may be applied to the space within the interleaved assembly, so as to confine and squeeze the interlaced zigzag strips therein, thus the interleaved assembly become jammed and rigid. The partially released substrate may be fully released, so that the jammed interleaved assembly buckles. Further, the buckled and jammed interleaved assembly may recover to its initial 2D flat configuration by introducing air into the space within the interleaved assembly to unjam it and resume its initial soft property.
[0054] The 3D shape-morphing process of any embodiment of present disclosure, as well as its steps, details, separately or in combination, can be incorporated as examples.
[0055] The above description is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. For example, the above-mentioned examples (or one or more solutions thereof) may be used in combination with each other. For example, those of ordinary skill in the art may use other embodiments when reading the above-mentioned description. In addition, in the above-mentioned specific embodiments, various features may be grouped together to simplify the present disclosure. This should not be interpreted as an intention that features of the disclosure that do not require protection are necessary for any of the claims. Rather, the subject matter of the present disclosure may be less than the full range of features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the following claims are incorporated herein as examples or embodiments in the particular embodiment, each claim stands alone as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that these embodiments may be combined with each other in various combinations or permutations. The scope of the present disclosure shall be determined by reference to the full scope of the appended claims and equivalent forms to which these claims are entitled.
[0056] The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not used to limit the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the invention within the essence and protection scope of the disclosure, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims
1.A 3D shape-morphing unit, comprising:an interleaved assembly, which is formed by interlacing a first zigzag strip and a second zigzag strip together and enclosing the same into an airtight elastomeric pocket;an air duct, which connects to the space within the elastomeric pocket and is used for reducing or increasing the pressure in the space; andan elastomeric substrate, the bottom of the elastomeric pocket is anchored at two ends to the elastomeric substrate.2.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 1, wherein, the elastomeric substrate is stretchable,in case that the elastomeric substrate is stretched, at least partial vacuum is applied to the space within the elastomeric pocket, and the interleaved assembly is thus jammed;in case that the elastomeric substrate is released with the jammed interleaved assembly, the interleaved assembly is buckled, so as to form a 3D configuration with a buckling height.3.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 1, wherein, once the interleaved assembly is jammed, the formed 3D configuration maintains the shape without depending on constant energy input.4.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein the interleaved assembly is initially flat, buckled upon jammed, and is able to be unjammed subsequently to recover to its initial flat shape.5.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein the air duct is configured to apply a negative pressure to jam the interleaved assembly.6.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein the interleaved assembly has a stiffness or tensile rigidity tunable by its jamming.7.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 5, wherein the tensile rigidity and the applied negative pressure has a quantitative two-domain relationship, including the variable stiffness domain and the constant stiffness domain.8.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 7, wherein the two-domain relationship defines the following three scenarios:an off state for low tensile rigidity without jamming, and the negative pressure is zero;a variable stiffness scenario with moderate tensile rigidity, and the negative pressure is more than zero and less than a threshold negative pressure depending on the plies of the interlaced zigzag strips; andan on state for high and relatively constant tensile rigidity with jamming, and the negative pressure is more than the threshold negative pressure.9.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein on the pre-stretched elastomeric substrate, the interleaved assembly is spatially jammed with the vacuum applied by the air duct at distinct temporal instances during the relaxation of the pre-strain.10.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein if the pre-stretched elastomeric substrate is partially released before jamming of the interleaved assembly, the jamming occurs at a lower residual pre-strain.11.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein the buckling height depends on the temporal instant when the interleaved assembly is jammed.12.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein the buckling height depends on the geometry of the interleaved assembly and its residual pre-strain during the state of being jammed.13.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 2, wherein the interleaved assembly exhibits a stiff tensile rigidity in a jammed state while exhibits a soft tensile rigidity in an unjammed state.14.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 1, wherein, the elastomeric substrate is made from soft silicone elastomer.15.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 1, wherein, from the top view, the first zigzag strip has a first shape and the second zigzag strip has a second shape with an overlapping manner, so as to form an animal-like 3D shape-morphing unit.16.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 15, wherein, from the top view, both the first zigzag strip and the second zigzag strip are strip-shaped, the width of the first zigzag strip is less than that of the second zigzag strip, so as to form a worm-like 3D shape-morphing unit.17.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 15, wherein, from the top view, both the first zigzag strip and the second zigzag strip are Y-shaped, with the base part of their Y-shapes overlapped, so as to form a turtle-like 3D shape-morphing unit.18.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 15, wherein, from the top view, the first zigzag strip is strip-shaped, the second zigzag strip is Y-shaped, with the base part of the Y-shape overlapped with the strip-shape, so as to form a crayfish-like 3D shape-morphing unit.19.The 3D shape-morphing unit of claim 15, wherein, the interleaved assembly has a maximum allowable tensile strain without compromising the interleaved structure, which depends on the initial overlapping length of the first zigzag strip and the second zigzag strip and the initial length of the interleaved assembly.20.A manufacturing method of a 3D shape-morphing unit, comprising:providing an airtight elastomeric pocket with an air duct;interlacing a first zigzag strip and a second zigzag strip and enclosing the same into the airtight elastomeric pocket to form an interleaved assembly;placing the interleaved assembly on an elastomeric substrate and anchoring the bottom of the elastomeric pocket at two ends to the elastomeric substrate.21.A 3D shape-morphing method using the 3D shape-morphing unit of any one of claims 1-19, comprising:pre-stretching the elastomeric substrate;applying vacuum via the air duct to jam the interleaved assembly; andreleasing the elastomeric substrate to buckle the jammed interleaved assembly at a buckling height.22.The 3D shape-morphing method of claim 21, further comprising: jamming the interleaved assembly at a residual pre-strain of the pre-stretched elastomeric substrate according to the buckling height as needed.23.The 3D shape-morphing method of claim 21, further comprising: releasing the vacuum to recover the buckled strips to flat configuration.
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