Storage-battery unit

Abstract

The invention relates to a storage-battery unit (10) comprising: an electrode-separator unit (12), a compensation unit (14), and a housing unit (16), the electrode-separator unit (12) being designed to receive, output and / or store electrical energy, the compensation unit (14) being located between the electrode-separator unit (12) and the housing unit (16), and the compensation unit (14) being designed to prevent and / or reduce a change in shape of the electrode-separator unit (12) being imparted to the housing unit (16).

Description

[0001] Battery unit

[0002] Description

[0003] The present invention relates to a battery unit, an energy storage module unit, and a vehicle or stationary storage system.

[0004] Currently, there are numerous different solutions for designing battery unit housings. Due to the increasing number of battery units and the rising quality and performance requirements, the demand for innovative and robust battery units is constantly growing.

[0005] The continuous increase in efficiency in vehicle technology, as well as increasing competition, is causing cost pressure, leading to a greater demand for cheaper and more efficient vehicle components.

[0006] Disclosure of the invention

[0007] With embodiments of the invention, an improved battery unit can advantageously be provided. The invention is defined in the independent claims. Advantageous further developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description.

[0008] An advantage of the battery unit with the features of claim 1 is that by accepting a change, in particular a reduction, in the volumetric energy of a cell, the volumetric energy of the entire system can be improved. More preferably, this results in further advantages, as the battery unit ages less due to the reduced external deflection of the housing element. More preferably, the insulation or distances between two adjacent battery units can be significantly reduced, since the outer surface of the battery unit does not warp significantly due to the compensation unit. More preferably, a variety of additional functions can be integrated into the battery unit due to the compensation unit, such as an additional electrolyte storage capacity.

[0009] According to the invention, this is achieved by the battery unit comprising an electrode separator unit, a compensation unit and a housing unit, wherein the electrode separator unit is configured to absorb, release and / or store electrical energy, wherein the compensation unit is arranged between the electrode separator unit and the housing unit, and wherein the compensation unit is configured to prevent and / or reduce the transmission of a change in shape from the electrode separator unit to the housing unit.

[0010] In other words, the compensation unit can compensate for the expansion of the electrode separator unit, preventing the housing unit from bulging as the electrode separator unit increases in volume. The volume of the electrode separator unit can increase over the operating lifetime of the battery unit, so the compensation unit has a suitable mechanism to compensate for this continuous increase in volume. Preferably, the volume of the electrode separator unit increases at least partially with each charging cycle and decreases with each discharging cycle. The compensation unit can also accommodate the volume change during each charging or discharging cycle in such a way that the housing unit has an essentially constant external surface area or volume.Preferably, increasing the thickness of the compensation unit can at least partially reduce the energy density in a battery unit, but it can significantly improve the battery unit's performance, especially over its lifecycle. More preferably, the compensation unit can significantly reduce the compression of two battery units against each other due to their respective dimensions, thus increasing the energy density of a higher-level system. This makes it possible, in particular, to improve the energy density at a system level, especially at the energy storage module level and / or at the battery unit or energy storage unit level.

[0011] The dependent claims preferably describe further developments of the invention.

[0012] Preferably, the compensation unit has at least one layer made of a material that is at least partially deformable and is designed to adjust the extent of the layer depending on the change in shape.

[0013] One advantage of this embodiment is that by adjusting the material properties, the deformation of the compensation unit can be provided and, in particular, adapted depending on an expected deflection.

[0014] Preferably, the partially deformable material exhibits at least partial porosity, in particular continuous porosity in a multitude of directions, preferably in all three spatial directions. An advantage of this embodiment is that the porosity of the material allows it to be filled with electrolyte, which can compensate for any electrolyte loss.

[0015] Preferably, the at least partially deformable material comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of: fiber-based material, a material containing fiber fibrils (so-called pulps), non-woven material (nonwoven fabric), fiber-based material with a swelling property, or a flocking of fibers or fiber fibrils (fibrides) applied to a surface. Open-pore foams are also conceivable.

[0016] One advantage of this embodiment is that the material can be adapted accordingly, depending on the specific application scenario of the battery unit.

[0017] Preferably, the compensation unit has a first extension width that stretches between an inner side of the housing unit and a side of the electrode separator unit opposite the inner side, wherein the first extension width is present when the electrode separator unit is in an unswelled state. Preferably, the first extension width is present after an initial swelling of the electrode separator unit during its filling and formation. A swelling design of the compensation unit allows for the additional formation of counter-pressure on the electrode separator unit.

[0018] An advantage of this embodiment is that the first width corresponds to the maximum deflection of the compensation unit in its assembled state, so that, based on this, the pressure on the electrode separator unit can be set by the compensation unit. More preferably, a volume can be determined from the first width that describes the amount of electrolyte that the compensation unit can store.

[0019] Furthermore, the illustrated setup with the compensation unit can preferably also be used for cell designs that only partially contain an electrolyte or are free of liquid electrolyte, such as solid-state cells.

[0020] Further preferably, the compensation unit has a second extension width which extends between the inside and the side opposite the inside of the electrode separator unit, wherein the second extension width is present when the electrode separator unit is in a swollen state.

[0021] An advantage of this embodiment is that the second width can be selected in such a way as to prevent the outer surface of the housing unit from exhibiting a bulge or similar feature. If the transfer of the shape change from the electrode separator unit to the housing unit is only reduced, for example, with a reduced extension width of the compensation unit, the bulging of the housing unit can only be reduced, but not completely prevented. Preferably, the swollen state describes an electrode separator unit that is charged and has a long operating time. The operating time can be described by the calendar operating time as well as the number of charge / discharge cycles ("cycle life").

[0022] Further preferably, the compensation unit has a third extension width which extends between the inside and the side opposite the inside of the electrode separator unit, wherein the third extension width is present when the electrode separator unit is in a partially swollen state, wherein the third extension width is between 3 and 90% of the second extension width.

[0023] An advantage of this embodiment is that the third extension width can compensate for the increase in volume of the electrode separator unit in a charged state, or the compensation unit deflects when the battery unit is in a respective uncharged state.

[0024] Preferably, the third extension width is configured to compensate for cyclic deformation of the electrode separator unit, while the second extension width is configured to provide maximum deformation of the compensation unit. Cyclic deformations occur particularly during the charging and discharging of the electrode separator unit.

[0025] An advantage of this embodiment is that the respective limits of the deflection of the electrode separator unit, or the respective extension widths of the compensation units, can be individually adapted to the respective electrode separator unit. Preferably, the compensation unit can compensate for two effects: firstly, cyclic deformation, which is primarily caused by the charging and discharging of the electrode separator unit or battery unit; and secondly, a continuous increase in the volume of the electrode separator unit over the operating time of the battery unit. The amplitude of the cyclic deformation is determined primarily by the cell chemistry and the internal structure of the electrode separator unit. The continuous increase in the volume of the electrode separator unit is mainly determined by aging processes, which in turn depend on, among other things, the cell chemistry and the operating mode of the cell. For example, the volume of the electrode separator unit can increase significantly over time.For example, increased cell temperatures and rapid charging / discharging processes can lead to a continuous increase in the volume of the electrode separator unit. Preferably, the difference between the first extension width and the second extension width is at least 0.05 mm, and preferably 0.1 mm.

[0026] An advantage of this embodiment is that the difference or delta between the first and second extension widths can be precisely adjusted, thus enabling a targeted response to volume increases in the electrode separator unit over the operating lifetime of the battery unit. Preferably, the compensation unit can exert a force on the electrode separator unit, for example, between 50 kPa and 500 kPa. For solid-state cells, even higher pressure levels—e.g., between 300 and 3000 kPa—are possible.

[0027] Preferably, the difference between the first and second extension widths is up to 10% of the width of the electrode separator unit. For an exemplary electrode separator unit thickness of 25 mm, a difference of up to 2.5 mm between the first and second extension widths could be assumed.

[0028] An advantage of this embodiment is that the large volume of the compensation unit allows a relatively large amount of electrolyte to be stored in the pore structures of the compensation unit. Furthermore, the electrode separator unit and the compensation unit are preferably formed as a single piece or in multiple parts, and / or the compensation unit and the housing unit are formed as a single piece or in multiple parts.

[0029] An advantage of this embodiment is that the compensation unit can be formed as a single piece with the electrode separator unit or as a multi-part unit, and the compensation unit can also be formed as a single piece with the housing unit or as a multi-part unit, in order to accommodate the respective manufacturing processes of the respective units. For example, the inside of the housing unit can be stained or coated to form a compensation unit. Preferably, the housing unit and / or the electrode separator unit is at least partially filled with an electrolyte, and the compensation unit is configured to at least partially absorb the electrolyte. Preferably, the battery unit is fully assembled with the compensation unit and only filled with the electrolyte in a subsequent step, so that the compensation unit can absorb the electrolyte.

[0030] An advantage of this embodiment is that the compensation unit can serve as an additional electrolyte storage unit within the battery unit. Preferably, the compensation unit is designed to release at least some of the electrolyte when the shape of the electrode separator unit increases.

[0031] One advantage of this embodiment is that the compensation unit only releases the electrolyte when the electrode separator unit continuously increases in volume over the operating time of the battery unit.

[0032] Preferably, the enlargement of the shape of the electrode separator unit is at least partially permanent, wherein the compensation unit is configured to release the electrolyte at least partially permanently.

[0033] An advantage of this embodiment is that the width and deformation of the compensation unit can be precisely adjusted to ensure a controlled, continuous release of electrolyte throughout the typical operation of the battery unit. For example, the compensation unit can be selected such that after 1000 charging cycles, a predetermined amount of electrolyte is released from the compensation unit into the battery unit. This released electrolyte can then prevent the formation of dry or electrolyte-free areas within the electrode separator unit, which would otherwise lead to a loss of cell capacity.

[0034] Preferably, a storage space is arranged in the housing unit following the electrode separator unit and the compensation unit, which is at least partially filled with the electrolyte in order to reduce electrolyte loss over the operating period of the battery unit.

[0035] One advantage of this embodiment is that additional electrolyte can be provided in the battery unit via the storage space, so that the performance of the battery unit remains constant over its operating time.

[0036] Preferably, a surface of the layer is at least partially wettable with the electrolyte for a predetermined period of time.

[0037] One advantage of this embodiment is that the manufacturing of the battery unit can be significantly simplified. In particular, during the cell filling process with electrolyte, the electrolyte can spread within the plane of the compensation unit, thereby improving the wetting of the electrode separator unit. Simultaneously, residual air in the electrode separator unit can be more effectively removed during the filling process, preventing air bubbles from becoming trapped in the electrolyte-wettable compensation unit and allowing them to be expelled. Continuous porosity within the plane of the compensation unit is advantageous for this function. Furthermore, the at least partially deformable material preferably exhibits permanent wettability for the electrolyte, with this permanent wettability being designed to improve electrolyte uptake by the compensation unit.

[0038] One advantage of this embodiment is that the amount of electrolyte in the battery unit can be increased, since the permanent wettability of the at least partially deformable material increases the electrolyte absorption capacity of the compensation unit. A further advantage of the permanent wettability of the compensation unit is that it prevents gas bubbles formed in the electrode separator unit during the aging process from becoming trapped in the compensation unit and forming a thermally insulating layer. Such a thermally insulating layer could impair heat transfer from the cell. Preferably, the permanent wettability is a property of the compensation unit or a fiber used in the compensation unit. Two types of fibers with permanent wettability are suitable. Firstly, fibers such as...Polyamide or polyester materials that are wettable by the electrolyte are used. Furthermore, polyamide fibers, for example, can swell over a longer period. This property, which is undesirable in itself, can be used here to generate an additional counterforce against the electrode separator unit.

[0039] Alternatively, post-treated fibers can be used. These are fibers that are not or only slightly wettable in their original state and which acquire wettability through further treatment. For example, polyolefins and polyphenylene sulfide can be suitable as the base material. Permanent wettability of polyolefins can be achieved, for example, by gas-phase fluorination, sulfonation, or chemical grafting with polar molecules such as acrylic acid or maleic anhydride. Plasma treatment of the surface is also conceivable.

[0040] Nonwovens can be produced in the form of wet-processed nonwovens, dry-processed nonwovens, spunbond nonwovens, and meltblown spunbond nonwovens. Fiber blends of different polymer classes are also conceivable.

[0041] For fiber bonding, thermal bonding and mechanical bonding methods (needling; water jet bonding) are particularly suitable, as they do not introduce any additional chemical binders into the system. Binder-bonded nonwovens using battery-compatible binder types such as acrylates, PVDF, NBR, or PVDF are also conceivable.

[0042] To achieve wettability and additional flame resistance, it is conceivable to coat or impregnate the nonwovens with ceramic particles. Preferably, the compensation unit extends around a plurality of sides of the electrode separator unit.

[0043] An advantage of this embodiment is that the compensation unit can be manufactured as a flat surface, like a covering layer or sheath, and then attached to the electrode separator unit or wrapped and / or folded around it. This allows the compensation unit to cover a multitude of sides of the electrode separator unit.

[0044] Preferably, the compensation unit has at least a partially predetermined deformation path which describes a change in shape of the compensation unit depending on a pressure applied to the compensation unit in order to reduce the change in shape of the housing unit.

[0045] One advantage of this embodiment is that, using the predetermined deformation path, a predetermined amount of electrolyte leaving the compensation unit can be described for each pressure or for each application of the compensation unit.

[0046] Preferably wherein the battery unit has a cooling element, wherein the cooling element is attached to an outside of the housing unit, such that the cooling element and the compensation unit are arranged opposite each other on the housing unit.

[0047] A further advantage of this embodiment is that a cooler attached to the cell surface from the outside – for example, an extruded aluminum profile through which a cooling medium flows – maintains a form-fit connection with the cell surface even when the cell is aged. With a bulging cell, the mechanical contact between the cooler and the cell surface would be largely lost, and the cooling capacity would decrease.

[0048] Preferably, the battery unit has a substantially rectangular or square cross-section to form a prismatic cell and / or wherein the battery unit is configured to form a pouch cell, and / or wherein the battery unit has a substantially round cross-section to form a cylindrical cell.

[0049] An advantage of this embodiment is that, depending on the geometry of the battery unit, the respective compensation unit can be adapted, thereby preventing deformation of the outer surface of the battery unit regardless of its cross-section or appearance. A further aspect of the invention relates to an energy storage module unit comprising a plurality of battery units, as described above and below, arranged in a predetermined pattern relative to one another. This predetermined pattern is configured to position a first battery unit of the plurality of battery units relative to a second battery unit of the plurality of battery units at a predetermined distance, where the predetermined distance is less than 15 mm.

[0050] An advantage of this embodiment is that, due to the prevented expansion of the battery units by means of the compensation unit, the battery units can be arranged significantly closer together, in particular with a distance of less than 15 mm, within a predetermined installation space for the battery units or a predetermined installation space for the energy storage module unit. Preferably, predetermined distances of less than 10 mm, less than 5 mm, and less than 2 mm can also be used. Even more preferably, the distance can be reduced such that only an electrical and / or thermal insulating film or similar material, which has a particularly thin layer thickness, is arranged between the respective battery units. A further aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle or a stationary storage device that has a battery unit as described above and below, and / or an energy storage module as described above and below.

[0051] Furthermore, it should be noted that the term "unit" in this context is to be understood broadly and encompasses both single-unit and multi-unit training of the respective units, whereby the respective sub-units do not necessarily have to be located at one position in the plant, but can also be distributed throughout the plant.

[0052] All disclosures preceding and following those described in relation to one aspect of the invention shall apply equally to all other aspects of the invention.

[0053] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing shows:

[0054] Figures 1-11 show a battery unit according to one embodiment,

[0055] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating the operation of a battery unit according to one embodiment,

[0056] Fig. 13 shows an energy storage module unit according to one embodiment,

[0057] Fig. 14 shows a vehicle according to one embodiment,

[0058] Fig. 15 shows a stationary storage device according to one embodiment and Fig. 16 shows a diagram illustrating the operation of the battery unit according to one embodiment.

[0059] The figures are schematic only and not to scale. Identical, equivalent, or similar elements with the same reference symbols may be used within the figures.

[0060] Fig. 1 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the battery unit 10 has the shape of a prismatic cell. The battery unit 10 comprises an electrode separator unit 12, a compensation unit 14, and a housing unit 16, wherein the electrode separator unit 12 is configured to absorb, release, and / or store electrical energy, and wherein the compensation unit 14 is arranged between the electrode separator unit 12 and the housing unit 16, and wherein the compensation unit 14 is configured to prevent and / or reduce the transmission of any change in shape from the electrode separator unit 12 to the housing unit 16. As can be seen in Fig. 1, the compensation unit 14 has a large extension width, so that the electrode separator unit 12 is shown in a discharged or new state.

[0061] Fig. 2 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. Figure 2 illustrates the battery unit 10 of Figure 1. Preferably, the electrode separator unit 12 is shown in a charged or aged state, so that the compensation unit 14 has a significantly smaller extension width than in Figure 1. In addition, when the electrode separator unit 12 expands, a homogeneous force is exerted on the housing unit 16, so that it does not bulge outwards by means of the compensation unit 14. Thus, the stress on the housing unit 16 can be reduced, especially at the corners 15, since these areas cannot bulge outwards; this bulging is avoided by the compensation unit 14. Thus, no increased pressure is exerted on the electrode separator unit 12 in the corner areas 15, which would lead to an undesirable deposition of lithium in the form of Li film formation (so-called Li-plating) orThis can lead to lithium dendrite formation. Furthermore, by reducing the mechanical stress on the housing unit 16, it can be made thinner or from a different material – e.g., plastic.

[0062] Fig. 3 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. The battery unit 10 includes an electrode separator unit 12 in a housing unit 16, with the compensation unit 14 arranged between the electrode separator unit 12 and the housing unit 16. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 has at least one layer 18 which at least partially comprises a deformable material configured to adapt an extension length 20 in order to compensate for expansion of the electrode separator unit 12. More preferably, the compensation unit 14 has a first extension width 22 extending between an inner surface 24 of the housing unit 16 and a side 26 of the electrode separator unit 12 opposite the inner surface 24. As illustrated in Figure 3, the electrode separator unit 12 is in an unswollen state, so that the compensation unit 14 has the first extension width 22.The unswollen state can be, in particular, a discharged state of the electrode separator unit 12 as well as a new state of the electrode separator unit 12. More preferably, the battery unit 10 has a storage chamber 32 downstream of the electrode separator unit 12 and the compensation unit 14, which is preferably at least partially filled with an electrolyte in order to reduce electrolyte loss over the operating time of the battery unit 10. By having a defined gas volume in the storage chamber 32, the change in the extension width 22 caused by the swelling of the electrode separator unit 12 can be controlled.

[0063] Fig. 4 shows a battery unit according to one embodiment. Figure 4 illustrates the battery unit 10 of Figure 3. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 has a second extension width 28, in particular between the inner side 24 and the side 26 of the electrode separator unit 12 opposite the inner side 24. More preferably, the second extension width 28 describes the electrode separator unit 12 in a swollen state. Preferably, the swollen state can be a charged state of the electrode separator unit 12 as well as an aged state of the electrode separator unit 12. More preferably, the compensation unit 14 can have a third extension width 29, in particular between the inner side 24 and the side 26 of the electrode separator unit 12 opposite the inner side 24.Preferably, the third extension width 29 can be present when the electrode separator unit 12 is in a partially swollen state; in particular, the third extension width 29 is preferably between 3 and 90% of the second extension width 28. Furthermore, preferably, a difference 31 between the first extension width 22 and the second extension width 28 can be at least 0.05 mm, in particular 0.1 mm.

[0064] Fig. 5 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. The battery unit 10 is designed as a pouch cell, as shown in Fig. 5. Preferably, Fig. 5 shows an enlarged section 410 of the battery unit 10, which illustrates the interaction between the electrode separator unit 12, the compensation unit 14, and the housing unit 16.

[0065] Figure 6 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. Here, the battery unit 10 is designed as a prismatic cell and preferably has a rectangular cross-section. A magnification 420 is preferably shown in Figure 6, which illustrates the layer structure between the electrode separator unit 12, the compensation unit 14, and the housing unit 16.

[0066] Figure 6a shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. As can be seen in Figure 6a, the battery unit 10 is designed as a cylindrical cell. Detail view 421 illustrates the structure of the battery unit 10. As can be seen in Figure 6b, the compensation unit 14 is located against the electrode separator unit 12. The housing unit 16 forms the support point for the compensation unit 14.

[0067] Figure 6b shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. As can be seen in Figure 6b, the battery unit 10 is in an assembled state. The battery unit 10 can now be filled with the electrolyte 423. Figure 6b illustrates the electrolyte flow 425. Preferably, the electrolyte 423 is filled into the battery unit 10 from one side, in particular through a closable opening in the housing unit 16. As can be seen in Figure 6b, the electrolyte flow 425 occurs directly into the electrode separator unit 12, in particular between the individual layers of the electrode separator unit 12. More preferably, the electrolyte flow 425 also occurs directly into the compensation unit 14, so that the electrolyte 423 can distribute itself in both the 12 and the electrode separator unit 14.Preferably, the compensation unit 14 can have a porosity and / or wettability so that the electrolyte flow 425 can also pass through this layer. The electrode separator unit 12 can thereby also be wetted with the electrolyte 423 "from behind".

[0068] Fig. 7 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. The battery unit 10 has a compensation unit 14, to which, in particular, a spacer element 422 can be attached. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 can be designed as a kind of envelope to encompass a plurality of sides of the electrode separator unit 12. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 can also be designed as a kind of envelope or similar. As shown in Figure 7, the compensation unit 14 is shown in magnification 430. In magnification 430, a material that is at least partially deformable is shown, which in particular consists of a non-woven material, especially a nonwoven fabric. This non-woven material can in particular be arranged on the housing unit 16.

[0069] Fig. 8 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. Figure 8 illustrates the different assembly steps of the battery unit 10 in a first stage 430, a second stage 440, a third stage 450, and a fourth stage 460. In the first stage 430, the electrode separator unit 12 can be positioned on the compensation unit 14. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 is designed such that it encloses a plurality of sides 34 of the electrode separator unit 12. In the second stage, the compensation unit 14 rests against a plurality of sides of the electrode separator unit 12. In the third stage 450, the compensation unit 14, together with the electrode separator unit 12, can be inserted into the housing unit 16, so that the compensation unit 14 is arranged between the electrode separator unit 12 and the housing unit 16.In the fourth stage 460, the battery unit 10 is shown in an assembled state, so that the compensation unit 14 can compensate for a volume change of the electrode separator unit 12, so that the deformation on the outside of the housing unit 16 is not visible.

[0070] Fig. 9 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. Figure 9 depicts a fifth stage 470, a sixth stage 480, a seventh stage 490, and an eighth stage 500. In the fifth stage 470, the battery unit 10 can be arranged on a spacer element 472, which is attached to the compensation unit 14. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 can be at least partially arranged on the spacer element 472. In the fifth stage 480, the compensation unit 14 can be folded around the electrode separator unit 12. In the sixth stage, the electrode separator unit 12 and the compensation unit 14 can be inserted into the housing unit 16, particularly laterally, in a pre-assembled state. In the eighth stage 500, the electrode separator unit 12 and the compensation unit 14 can preferably be fixed in the housing unit 16.be arranged so that the compensation unit 14 can compensate for a volume expansion of the electrode separator unit 12.

[0071] Fig. 10 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. The battery unit 10 comprises an electrode separator unit 12 with a plurality of sides 34. Preferably, the compensation unit 14 is designed such that it can be enclosed or sheathed around the electrode separator unit 12.

[0072] Fig. 11 shows a battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. The battery unit 10 is shown in Fig. 11 such that the electrode separator unit 12 with the compensation unit 14 can be inserted into the housing unit 16.

[0073] Figure 12 shows a diagram 400 illustrating the operation of the battery unit 10 according to one embodiment. The diagram 400 preferably has a first axis 402, which represents a load on the compensation unit 14. Preferably, the diagram 400 has a second axis 404, which represents the thickness of the compensation unit 14. As shown in Figure 12, the deformation of the compensation unit 14 can be controlled by a predetermined deformation path 36. Preferably, the limits 406 of the deformation can also be shown, indicating the point at which deformation of the battery unit 10 or the housing unit 16 could occur.

[0074] Fig. 13 shows an energy storage unit 100 according to one embodiment. The energy storage unit 100 comprises a plurality 102 of battery units, as described above and below, which are arranged in a predetermined pattern relative to one another. The predetermined pattern positions the first battery unit 104 relative to the second battery unit 106 of the plurality of battery units 102 at a predetermined distance 108 from each other. The predetermined distance 108 can, in particular, be less than 15 mm.

[0075] Fig. 14 shows a vehicle 200 according to one embodiment. The vehicle 200 preferably has a battery unit 10, as described above and below, and / or an energy storage module unit, as described above and below.

[0076] Fig. 15 shows a stationary storage device according to one embodiment. The stationary storage device 300 preferably comprises a battery unit 10, as described above and below, and / or an energy storage module unit 100, as described above and below.

[0077] Fig. 16 shows a diagram 501 illustrating the operation of the compensation unit 14 or the battery unit 10. The diagram 501 has a first axis 502, which represents the thickness of the electrode separator unit 12. More preferably, the diagram 501 has a second axis 504, which preferably represents the service life or the number of cycles of the battery unit 10. More preferably, the thickness of the electrode separator unit 12 can be represented in cycles 510, which include a discharged state 506 and a charged state 508. This cyclic profile 516 is shown in the diagram 501. More preferably, the extent width of the compensation unit 14 can change in the opposite direction to the cyclic deformation, as shown by the arrow 512. More preferably, there is a continuous increase in thickness 518 over the operating time of the battery unit 10.This can reach a maximum value of 514 over the duration of operation of the battery unit 10.

Claims

Claims 1. Battery unit (10) comprising: an electrode separator unit (12), a compensation unit (14), a housing unit (16), wherein the electrode separator unit (12) is configured to receive, release and / or store electrical energy, wherein the compensation unit (14) is arranged between the electrode separator unit (12) and the housing unit (16), wherein the compensation unit (14) is configured to prevent and / or reduce the transmission of a change in shape from the electrode separator unit (12) to the housing unit (16).

2. Battery unit (10) according to claim 1, wherein the compensation unit (14) has at least one layer (18) made of at least one partially deformable material which is configured to adjust an extent length (20) of the layer (18) depending on the change in shape.

3. Battery unit (10) according to one of claims 2, wherein the partially deformable material has at least partially a porosity, in particular a continuous porosity in a plurality of directions.

4. Battery unit (10) according to claim 2, wherein the at least partially deformable material comprises at least one component selected from the group comprising: fiber-based material, a material containing fiber fibrils, non-woven material, fiber-based material with a swelling property, or a flocking applied to a surface and / or open-pore foams.

5. Battery unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compensation unit (14) has a first extension width (22) which extends between an inner side (24) of the housing unit (16) and a side (26) of the electrode separator unit (12) opposite the inner side (24), wherein the first extension width (22) is present when the electrode separator unit (12) is in an unswollen state.

6. Battery unit (10) according to claim 5, wherein the compensation unit (14) has a second extension width (28) which is located between the inside (24) and the side (26) opposite the inside (24) of the electrode separator unit (12) extends, with the second extension width (28) being present when the electrode separator unit (12) is in a swollen state.

7. Battery unit (10) according to claim 6, wherein the compensation unit (14) has a third extension width (29) which extends between the inside (24) and the side (26) opposite the inside (24) of the electrode separator unit (12), wherein the third extension width (29) is present when the electrode separator unit (12) is in a partially swollen state, wherein the third extension width (29) is between 3% and 90% of the second extension width (28).

8. Battery unit (10) according to claim 7, wherein the third extension width (29) is configured to compensate for cyclic deformation of the electrode separator unit (12), wherein the second extension width (28) is configured to provide maximum deformation of the compensation unit (14).

9. Battery unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrode separator unit (12) and the compensation unit (10) are formed in one piece or in multiple pieces, and / or wherein the compensation unit (14) and the housing unit (16) are formed in one piece or in multiple pieces.

10. Battery unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing unit (16) and / or the electrode separator unit (12) is at least partially filled with an electrolyte, wherein the compensation unit (14) is configured to at least partially absorb the electrolyte.

11. Battery unit (10) according to claims 4 and 10, wherein the at least partially deformable material has a permanent wettability for the electrolyte, wherein the permanent wettability is arranged to improve uptake of electrolyte by the compensation unit (14).

12. Battery unit (10) according to one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the compensation unit (14) is configured to release at least some of the electrolyte when the shape of the electrode separator unit (12) is enlarged.

13. Battery unit (10) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the enlargement of the shape of the electrode separator unit (12) is at least partially permanent, wherein the compensation unit (14) is configured to release the electrolyte at least partially permanently.

14. Battery unit (10) according to one of claims 12 to 13, wherein a storage space (32) is arranged in the housing unit (16) following the electrode separator unit (12) and the compensation unit (14), which is at least partially filled with the electrolyte in order to reduce electrolyte loss over the operating time of the battery unit (10).

15. Battery unit (10) according to one of claims 10 to 15 and claim 2, wherein a surface of the layer (18) is at least partially wettable with the electrolyte for a predetermined period of time.

16. Battery unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compensation unit (14) extends around a plurality of sides (34) of the electrode separator unit (12).

17. Battery unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compensation unit (14) has at least partially a predetermined deformation path (36) which describes a change in shape of the compensation unit (14) depending on a pressure applied to the compensation unit (14) in order to reduce the change in shape of the housing unit (16), in particular a bulging.

18. Battery unit (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the battery unit (10) has a substantially rectangular or square cross-section to form a prismatic cell, and / or wherein the battery unit (10) is configured to form a pouch cell, and / or wherein the battery unit (10) has a substantially round cross-section to form a cylindrical cell.

19. Battery unit (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the battery unit has a cooling element, wherein the cooling element is attached to an outside of the housing unit (16) such that the cooling element and the compensation unit (14) are arranged opposite each other on the housing unit (16).

20. Energy storage module unit (100), comprising a plurality (102) of battery units (10) according to one of the preceding claims, which are arranged in a predetermined pattern relative to each other, wherein the predetermined pattern is configured to arrange a first battery unit (104) of the plurality (102) of battery units (10) relative to a second battery unit (106) of the plurality (102) of battery units (10) at a predetermined distance (108), wherein the predetermined distance (108) is less than 15 mm.

21. Vehicle (200) or stationary storage device (300) comprising a battery unit (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 18 and / or an energy storage module unit (100) according to claim 19.

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