System and method for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeriform mixture

Abstract

A system (1) for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeriform mixture comprising a frame (2), a first filter (3) and a second filter (4) operatively connected to the frame (2) and comprising an adsorbent configured to adsorb carbon dioxide. The first filter (3) and the second filter (4) are aligned with one another along a direction (X). The system (1) further comprises a desorber module (5) configured to desorb the carbon dioxide previously selectively adsorbed by the first filter (3) or the second filter (4) and a mechanism (6) adapted to move the desorber module (5) relative to the frame (2) between the first filter (3) and the second filter (4) along the direction (X). The system (1) also comprises an electronic control unit (90) operatively connected to the mechanism (6) and is configured to control the movement of the desorber module (5) between the first filter (3) and the second filter (4) as a function of one or more operating parameters ( tads t P, T).

Description

[0001] SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE FROM

[0002] AN AERIFORM MIXTURE

[0003] Cross-Reference to Related Applications

[0004] This Patent Appl ication claims priority from Italian Patent Application No . 102024000016588 filed on July 17 , 2024 , the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference .

[0005] Technical Field

[0006] The invention relates to a system for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeri form mixture , in particular from atmospheric air . The invention also relates to a method for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeri form mixture .

[0007] Background

[0008] Machines are known for the direct capture of carbon dioxide from atmospheric air ( DAC - Direct Air Capture ) . These machines essentially comprise :

[0009] - a filter comprising an adsorbent material configured to adsorb carbon dioxide from atmospheric air ; and

[0010] - a desorption chamber configured to desorb the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by the filter .

[0011] For instance , WO2023144018A1 , WO2023247481A1 and

[0012] WO2024088859A1 disclose machines for the direct capture of carbon dioxide from atmospheric air, wherein a portion of the machine ( for example , a filter or a portion of a filter ) is dedicated to the adsorption of carbon dioxide and, at the same time , another portion of the same machine ( for example , another filter or another portion of the same filter ) is dedicated to the desorption of the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by the same portion . However, the solutions disclosed in WO2023144018A1 , WO2023247481A1 and WO2024088859A1 are not very versatile , as they do not envisage changing the duration of the adsorption or desorption step as the surrounding conditions change ( air characteristics , required productivity, etc . ) .

[0013] Speci fically, the solutions discus sed in WO2023144018A1 and WO2023247481A1 do not allow the duration of the adsorption phase to be varied relative to the duration of the desorption phase independently of one another, also due to structural limitations .

[0014] Therefore , there is a need for a system for the capture of carbon dioxide and for a method for the capture of carbon dioxide in which the duration of the adsorption and desorption steps is controlled in an ef ficient manner .

[0015] There is also a need for a system in which the duration of the adsorption step is controlled independently of the duration of the desorption step and in a simple and ef ficient manner from the kinematic point of view .

[0016] The obj ect of the invention is to provide a system for the capture of carbon dioxide and a method for the capture of carbon dioxide , which are at least partially free from the drawbacks described above and, at the same time , are simple and economic to be manufactured and implemented .

[0017] Further processes for the capture of carbon dioxide are also known from WO2023217740A1 , WO2021233498A1 , US2024157297A1 and US2023390700A1 .

[0018] Summary of the Invention

[0019] The obj ect is reached by a system for the capture of carbon dioxide and by a method for the capture of carbon dioxide as claimed in the independent claims . The dependent claims define particular embodiments of the invention .

[0020] The invention also relates to a system for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeri form mixture comprising :

[0021] - a frame ; a first filter and a second filter operatively connected to said frame and comprising an adsorbent material configured to adsorb, in use , carbon dioxide from said aeri form mixture ; said first filter and said second filter being aligned with each other along a first direction;

[0022] - a desorber module configured to desorb the carbon dioxide selectively adsorbed, in use, by said first filter or by said second filter ; and

[0023] - a mechanism adapted to move said desorber module relative to said frame between said first filter and said second filter along said first direction;

[0024] - an electronic control unit operatively connected to said mechanism and configured to control the movement of said desorber module between said first filter and said second filter as a function of one or more operating parameters ; wherein said electronic control unit is configured to :

[0025] - detect or determine a time interval associated with the duration of the adsorption of a filter of said first filter and second filter in an adsorption configuration, in which it adsorbs , in use , carbon dioxide from said aeri form mixture ; and veri fy that said time interval complies with a control criterion; said system further comprising a first sensor configured to detect , in use , a quantity associated with the flow rate of said aeri form mixture directed to said filter in the adsorption configuration; said control criterion entailing that said time interval is lower than or equal to a threshold value ; said electronic control unit being operatively connected to said first sensor and configured to determine said threshold value as a function of said quantity; wherein said electronic control unit is configured to determine said threshold value during said time interval .

[0026] The invention also relates to a system for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeri form mixture comprising :

[0027] - a frame ; a first filter and a second filter operatively connected to said frame and comprising an adsorbent material configured to adsorb, in use , carbon dioxide from said aeri form mixture ; said first filter and said second filter being aligned with each other along a first direction;

[0028] - a desorber module configured to desorb the carbon dioxide selectively adsorbed, in use, by said first filter or by said second filter ; and

[0029] - a mechanism adapted to move said desorber module relative to said frame between said first filter and said second filter along said first direction; an electronic control unit operatively connected to said mechanism and configured to control the movement of said desorber module between said first filter and said second filter as a function of one or more operating parameters ; wherein said mechanism comprises :

[0030] - at least one motor configured to provide mechanical energy to move said desorber module relative to said frame between said first filter and said second filter along said first direction; and

[0031] - at least one guide configured to guide said desorber module along said first direction; said desorber module comprising at least one engagement element adapted to engage , in use , said guide .

[0032] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0033] The invention wi ll be best understood upon perusal of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment , which is provided by way of non-limiting example , with reference to the accompanying drawings , wherein : figure 1 is a block diagram of a plant comprising a system for the capture of carbon dioxide according to the invention; figure 2 is a perspective view of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figure 1 ; figure 3 is a perspective view of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figures 1 and 2 with parts removed for greater clarity; figure 4 is a detail view of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figures 1 to 3 on a signi ficantly larger scale ; figures 5 and 6 are perspective views of a portion of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figures 1 to 4 ; figures 7 and 8 are respective perspective views of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figures 1 to 6 on a larger scale ; figure 9 is a perspective sectional view of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figures 1 to 8 ; figures 10 and 11 are perspective views of a portion of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide of figures 1 to 8 on a larger scale ; and figure 12 is a flowchart of part of the method for the capture of carbon dioxide according to the invention .

[0034] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0035] With reference to figures 1 to 11 , number 100 indicates a plant for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeri form mixture F . Speci fically, the plant 100 is a direct air capture plant ; therefore , the aeri form mixture F comprises atmospheric air .

[0036] The plant 100 is designed to capture carbon dioxide present in an aeri form mixture F subj ected to natural atmospheric convective flows and / or in an aeri form mixture F subj ected to a forced flow .

[0037] As schematically shown in figure 1 , the system 100 comprises :

[0038] - a system 1 , which will be described in detail below;

[0039] - a vacuum source 50 comprising, for example , a vacuum pump ; and a reservoir 51 configured to contain the carbon dioxide captured by the system 1 .

[0040] The system 1 comprises ( Figure 1 ) :

[0041] - a frame 2 ; - a first filter 3 and a second filter 4 operatively connected to the frame 2 and comprising an adsorbent material configured to adsorb carbon dioxide from the aeri form mixture F; and

[0042] - a desorber module 5 configured to selectively desorb the carbon dioxide adsorbed by the first filter 3 or by the second filter 4 .

[0043] The filters 3 and 4 are associated with a capture capacity, namely an amount of carbon dioxide that can be adsorbed by them per unit of treated aeri form mixture F . This capture capacity depends , in a known manner, on the geometry of the f ilters 3 , 4 , on the type and on the amount of adsorbent material dispersed on the filter . By way of non-limiting example , the capture capacity of the filters 3 , 4 ranges from 0 . 5 to 5 mmol o f carbon dioxide per gram of adsorbent material .

[0044] The first filter 3 and / or the second filter 4 are formed, for example , by a support of ceramic monoliths coated with alumina or silica and impregnated with polyethyleneimine ( PEI ) or by a pleated support comprising V-shaped cells and incorporating polymer pellets functionali zed with amino groups . Alternatively, the first filter 3 and / or the second filter 4 can comprise particles of metal organic framework (MOF) embedded and / or dispersed in a polymer matrix .

[0045] The frame 2 can be associated with an integral reference system comprising ( Figure 2 ) :

[0046] - a direction Z vertical to the ground S on which it rests ; a direction X transverse to the direction Z and oriented hori zontally to the ground S ; and

[0047] - a direction Y transverse to the directions X and Z .

[0048] In particular, the directions X, Y and Z are orthogonal to one another .

[0049] In the non-limiting embodiment shown herein, the frame 2 comprises a portal frame , which comprises , in turn :

[0050] - two beam elements 2a, 2b arranged parallel to the direction Z and spaced apart from one another along the direction X ; and a beam element 2c extending between the beam elements 2a and 2b parallel to the direction X and attached to them .

[0051] The beam elements 2a and 2b are constrained to , in particular fixed, the ground S .

[0052] In particular, moreover, the beam element 2c extends at an end of the beam elements 2a and 2b facing away from the ground S along the direction Z .

[0053] Preferably, though not necessarily, the beam elements 2a, 2b and 2c have a double T-shaped cross section .

[0054] As shown in Figure 2 , furthermore , the frame 2 comprises : a structure 20 aligned with the beam element 2c parallel to the direction Z ; and

[0055] - a structure 21 spaced apart from the structure 20 parallel to the direction Z , in particular interposed between the ground S and the structure 20 parallel to the direction Z .

[0056] The structure 20 comprises , in detail :

[0057] - two beam elements 20a, 20b extending parallel to the direction X and spaced apart from one another and from the beam element 2c parallel to the direction Y;

[0058] - two beam elements 20c, 20d extending parallel to the direction Y and spaced apart from one another parallel the direction X .

[0059] More in detail , the beam elements 20a and 20b extend along the entire extension of the beam element 2c along the direction X ; the beam elements 20c and 20d extend along the entire distance between the beam elements 20a and 20b parallel to the direction Y .

[0060] In further detail , the beam elements 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d are arranged along respective sides of a quadri lateral . In addition, the beam element 2c is completely or for the most part contained within said quadrilateral .

[0061] The structure 20 further comprises ( Figures 2 and 9 ) :

[0062] - an appendage 20e extending from the beam element 20a along the direction Z towards the structure 21 ;

[0063] - an appendage 20 f extending from the beam element 20b along the direction Z towards the structure 21 ; and two appendages 20g, 20h extending from the beam element 2c along the direction Z towards the structure 21 .

[0064] The appendages 20e , 20 f , 20g and 20h are oriented parallel to the direction X .

[0065] In addition, the appendages 20g and 20h are arranged at respective parts opposed to each other of the beam element 2c along the direction Y . In detail , the appendage 20g faces the appendage 20e and the appendage 20h faces the appendage 20 f ( Figure 9 ) .

[0066] The appendages 20e , 20 f , 20g and 20h have an L-shaped cross section in a plane orthogonal to the direction X .

[0067] Similarly, the structure 21 comprises : - two beam elements 21a, 21b extending parallel to the direction X and spaced apart from one another parallel to the direction Y; and

[0068] - two beam elements 21c, 21d extending parallel to the direction Y and spaced apart from one another parallel the direction X .

[0069] More in detail , the beam elements 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d are arranged along respective sides of a quadrilateral .

[0070] Preferably, though not necessarily, the beam elements 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d are respectively aligned with the beam elements 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d parallel to the direction Z .

[0071] The first filter 3 and the second filter 4 are aligned with one another along the direction X . In addition, the first and the second filter 3 , 4 extend between the structure 20 and the structure 21 parallel to the direction Z .

[0072] In detail , the first and the second filter 3 , 4 are attached to the frame 2 . In further detail , the first and second filters 3 , 4 are hung on the frame 2 at the beam element 2c and rest on the structure 21 .

[0073] The first filter 3 and the second filter 4 both comprise a respective support 30 , at which they are attached to the frame 2 .

[0074] In the embodiment shown herein, the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 have a parallelepiped-like or substantially parallelepiped-like shape . In detail , the supports 30 have a rectangular shape and act as a frame for the adsorbent material .

[0075] Preferably, though not necessarily, in addition, the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 are identical to one another .

[0076] The first and the second filter 3 , 4 define respective faces 34A and 34B opposed to one another parallel to the direction Y . In detail , the face 34A faces the beam element 20a and the face 34B faces the beam element 20b .

[0077] The supports 30 of each filter 3 , 4 comprise respective sealing elements 31 . In detail , each filter 3 , 4 comprises a sealing element 31 on the side of the face 34A and a sealing element 31 on the side of the face 34B . In further detail , each sealing element 31 is a gasket , for example made of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene ) .

[0078] As shown in Figure 4 , each sealing element 31 comprises two recesses 31a, 31b oriented parallel to the direction Y . In detail , the two recesses 31a and 31b have the shape of a quadrilateral in a plane perpendicular to the direction Y . In addition, the recess 31a is close to the portion of the relative filter 3 , 4 comprising the adsorbent material ; the recess 31b completely surrounds the recess 31a and is farther from the portion of the relative filter 3 , 4 comprising the adsorbent material than the recess 31a .

[0079] The system 1 comprises a mechani sm 6 adapted to move the desorber module 5 relative to the frame 2 between the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 along the direction X . In particular, the mechanism 6 is adapted to move the desorber module 5 from a position in which it interacts with the first fi lter 3 to a position in which it interacts with the second filter 4 and vice versa . In detail , when the desorber module 5 is arranged at the first filter 3 , it is configured to desorb the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by the first filter 3 , while the second filter 4 adsorbs the carbon dioxide present in the aeri form mixture F; when the desorber module 5 is arranged at the second filter 4 , it is configured to desorb the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by the second filter 4 , while the first filter 4 adsorbs the carbon dioxide contained in the aeri form mixture F .

[0080] Hereinafter, a f ilter 3 , 4 shall be understood to be in an adsorption configuration when it adsorbs the carbon dioxide contained in the aeri form mixture F and a f ilter 3 , 4 shall be understood to be in a desorption configuration when the desorption module 5 carries out the desorption of the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by said filter .

[0081] The system 1 further comprises an electronic control unit 90 only schematically shown in Figure 1 .

[0082] The system 1 also comprises a sensor 80 configured to detect a quantity Q associated with the flow rate of aeri form mixture F directed to the filter carrying out the adsorption between the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 . For example , the quantity Q is the flow rate or the speed of the aeri form mixture F .

[0083] The sensor 80 is operatively connected to the electronic control unit 90 .

[0084] The desorber module 5 comprises ( Figure 9 ) :

[0085] - two chambers 7 configured to selectively face one of the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 , respectively on the side of the face 34A and on the side of the face 34B ; these chambers 7 are fluidically connected to the vacuum source 50 and to the reservoir 51 ; - a structure 8 , which supports the chambers 7 and cooperates with the mechanism 6 ; and

[0086] - actuating means 9 adapted to move the chambers 7 relative to the structure 8 and to the first and second filters 3 , 4 along the direction Y .

[0087] Furthermore , the plant 100 comprises ( Figure 1 ) :

[0088] - a fluidic line 52 , which fluidically connects the chambers 7 to the vacuum source 50 ;

[0089] - a fluidic line 53 , which fluidically connects the chambers 7 to the reservoir 51 ;

[0090] - valve means 54 arranged at the fluidic line 52 and adapted to selectively deny the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 ;

[0091] - valve means 55 arranged at the fluidic line 53 and adapted to selectively deny the passage of carbon dioxide from the chambers 7 to the reservoir 51 .

[0092] In further detail , the valve means 54 and 55 comprise respective solenoid valves operatively connected to the electronic control unit 90 .

[0093] As schematically shown in Figure 1 , the desorber module 5 comprises a pressure sensor 81 configured to detect the pressure p within the chambers 7 . In detail , the pressure sensor 81 is operatively connected to the electronic control unit 90 . In addition, the desorber module 5 comprises a temperature sensor 82 configured to detect the temperature T within the chambers 7 . In detail , the temperature sensor 82 is operatively connected to the electronic control unit 90 .

[0094] The structure 8 has a parallelepiped-like shape and comprises : - two flat faces 8a, 8b orthogonal to the direction Z and spaced apart from one another along the direction Z ;

[0095] - two flat faces 8c, 8d orthogonal to the direction Y and spaced apart from one another along the direction Y .

[0096] In further detail , the face 8a faces the ground S , whereas the face 8b is arranged opposed to the ground S relative to the face 8a . The face 8c is arranged on the side of the face 34A and the face 8d is arranged on the side of the face 34B .

[0097] The actuating means 9 comprise a plurality of hydraulic actuators 70 on the side of the face 34A and a plurality of hydraulic actuators 70 on the side o f the face 34B . Each hydraul ic actuator 70 is oriented parallel to the direction Y and, along said direction Y, comprises a first end, at which it is attached to the structure 8 , and a second end opposite to the first one , at which it cooperates with the relative chamber 7 .

[0098] In detail , the hydraulic actuators 70 exert a pressure action directly in contact with the chambers 7 .

[0099] In the embodiment shown herein, the actuating means 9 comprise six hydraulic actuators 70 for each of the two chambers 7 .

[0100] Preferably, the desorber module 5 comprises a plurality of casters 71 operatively connected to the chambers 7 and adapted to roll in contact with the structure 8 ( Figure 7 ) . In detail , the desorber module 5 comprises the casters 71 at a region of the chambers 7 facing the face 8a and the casters 71 are adapted to roll in contact with the face 8a .

[0101] The casters 71 are adapted to facilitate the sliding of the chambers 7 from and towards the first and the second filter 3 , 4 parallel to the direction Y .

[0102] Each chamber 7 further comprises an engagement element 32 adapted to cooperate in contact with the support 30 , so as to insulate the chamber 7 from the external environment .

[0103] In detail , each engagement element 32 is adapted to selectively engage a respective sealing element 31 ( Figure 9 ) . In further detail , each engagement element 32 comprises two protrusions 32a, 32b oriented parallel to the direction Y and each adapted to engage a respective recess 31a, 31b .

[0104] The desorber module 5 further comprises thermal means 10 configured to heat or cool the chambers 7 .

[0105] In detail , the thermal means 10 are configured to heat or cool the chambers 7 by means of a heat exchange with a heat trans fer fluid . In further detail , the thermal means 10 comprise ( Figure 1 ) : a fluidic line 12 configured to guide the heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 ; a fluidic line 13 configured to guide the heat trans fer fluid out of the chambers 7 ; and

[0106] - valve means 14 arranged at the fluidic line 12 and adapted to selectively deny the passage of the heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 .

[0107] The aforesaid valve means 14 comprise a solenoid valve operatively connected to the electronic control unit 90 .

[0108] More in detail , the thermal means 10 comprise two plates 11 , each arranged at a respective face 34A and 34B and each delimiting a respective chamber 7 ( Figures 5 and 6 ) . Each plate 11 comprises a plurality of ducts , on the inside , configured to be flown through by the heat trans fer fluid and fluidically connected to the fluidic lines 12 and 13 . Said heat transfer fluid comprises , for example , water, a mixture of water and glycol , oil or molten salts .

[0109] In a known manner, in order to heat the chambers 7 , the heat trans fer fluid is at a higher temperature than the volume enclosed between the chambers 7 ; in order to cool the chambers 7 , the heat trans fer fluid is at a lower temperature than the volume enclosed between the chambers 7 .

[0110] Preferably, though not necessarily, in addition, the heat trans fer fluid adapted to heat the chambers 7 is the same heat trans fer fluid adapted to cool the chambers 7 , at suitably di f ferent temperatures .

[0111] In the embodiment shown herein, the plates 11 have a parallelepiped-like shape and are arranged orthogonally to the direction Y .

[0112] The desorber module 5 further comprises ( Figure 1 ) :

[0113] - a fluidic line 84 configured to fluidically connect the chambers 7 to the external environment ; and

[0114] - valve means 85 arranged at the fluidic line 84 and adapted to selectively deny the passage of any fluid between the chambers 7 and the outside along the fluidic line 84 .

[0115] In detail , the valve means 85 are configured to deny the fluidic communication of the chambers 7 with the outside when the engagement elements 32 engage the respective sealing elements 31 ( Figure 9 ) .

[0116] In addition, the valve means 85 comprise a solenoid valve operatively connected to the electronic control unit 90 .

[0117] The mechanism 6 comprises : three motors 60a, 60b, 60c configured to provide mechanical energy to move the desorber module 5 relative to the frame 2 along the direction X ; and

[0118] - four guides 61 a, 61b, 61c, 61d configured to guide the movement of the desorber module 5 along the direction X .

[0119] The motors 60a, 60b, 60c are attached to the structure 8 . In the non-limiting embodiment shown herein, the motor 60a is arranged at the face 8a ; vice versa, the motors 60b and 60c are arranged at the face 8b .

[0120] Furthermore , the motors 60a, 60b , 60c preferably are electric motors .

[0121] As shown in Figure 9 , the guides 61a and 61b are attached to the frame 2 , in particular to the structure 21 ; the guides 61c and 61d are arranged at the appendage 20e and of the appendage 20 f , respectively . In detail , the guides 61c and 61d are defined by the short side of the L- shape of the appendages 20e and 20 f , respectively .

[0122] The desorber module 5 comprises , in turn, a plurality of engagement elements 62 adapted to engage the guides 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d .

[0123] Each engagement element 62 comprises a support 65 and a caster 66 , which can rotate with respect to the support 65 about a rotation axis (A) of its own and in contact with the relative guide 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d ( Figures 10 and 11 ) .

[0124] In detail , the desorber module 5 comprises four engagement elements 62 at the face 8a, two of them engaging the guide 61a and the other two engaging the guide 61b ( Figure 10 ) ; the desorber module 5 further comprises four engagement elements 62 at the face 8b, two of them engage the guide 61c ( Figure 11 ) and the other two engaging the guide 61d . In further detail , the engagement elements 62 of each pair of engagement elements cooperating with the respective guides 61a, 61b, 61c and 61d are spaced apart from one another parallel to the direction X .

[0125] Furthermore , the frame 2 comprises four racks 63 extending parallel to the direction X and the mechanism 6 comprises four pinions 64a, 64b, 64c, 64d, each meshing with a respective rack 63 .

[0126] In detail , the pinions 64a and 64b are operatively connected to the motor 60a ; the pinion 64c is operatively connected to the motor 60b and the pinion 64d is operatively connected to the motor 60c .

[0127] As shown in Figure 9 , the four racks 63 are arranged at the beam element 21a, the beam element 21b, the appendage 20g and the appendage 20h, respectively .

[0128] In detail , the racks 63 arranged at the beam elements 21a and 21b face the structure 20 ; the rack 63 arranged at the appendage 20g faces the appendage 20e and the rack 63 arranged at the appendage 20h faces the appendage 20 f .

[0129] Advantageously, the electronic control unit 90 is operatively connected to the mechanism 6 and is configured to control the movement of the desorber module 5 between the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 as a function of one or more operating parameters tads , p, T .

[0130] In detail , when one of the two filters 3 , 4 is in the adsorption configuration, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to :

[0131] - detect or determine a time interval tads associated with the duration of adsorption of the filter 3 , 4 in the adsorption configuration;

[0132] - veri fy that the time interval tads complies with a control criterion .

[0133] In further detail , the control criterion entails that the time interval tads is smaller than or equal to a threshold value te :

[0134] ( a . 1 ) tads < te

[0135] Preferably, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to determine the threshold value te as a function of a quantity C associated with the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the filters 3 , 4 and of the quantity Q detected by the sensor 80 :

[0136] ( a . 2 ) te = f ( C, Q)

[0137] The threshold value te corresponds to a time interval , at the end of which the filling of the filter 3 , 4 in the adsorption configuration with the adsorbed carbon dioxide is considered suf ficient . In detail , the threshold value te corresponds to a time interval , at the end of which the filter filling corresponds to a value greater than a given percentage of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the filters 3 , 4 . For example , the threshold value te corresponds to a time interval , at the end of which the filter filling corresponds to a value greater than 50% , 60% , 70% , 80% , 90% , 95% or 99% of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of the filters 3 , 4 .

[0138] Speci fically, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to determine or calculate the threshold value te during the time interval tads . More in particular, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to determine the threshold value te in real time and in an iterative manner during the time interval tads . Alternatively, the threshold value te is constant and stored in the electronic control unit 90 .

[0139] In particular, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to control the movement of the desorber module 5 towards the filter arranged in the adsorption configuration, when the time interval tads does not comply with the control criterion .

[0140] In order to carry out the desorption of one of the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 , the electronic control unit 90 is configured to : permit the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 ;

[0141] - cause the thermal means 10 to heat the chambers 7 ;

[0142] - cause carbon dioxide to pass from the chambers 7 to the reservoir 51 ;

[0143] - cause the thermal means 10 to cool the chambers 7 .

[0144] In detail , the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause , in sequence : the valve means 54 to permit the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 , so as to reduce the pressure p of the volume enclosed between the two chambers 7 and within which the filter 3 , 4 to be subj ected to the desorption process is enclosed;

[0145] - the valve means 14 to allow the heat trans fer fluid to flow towards the chambers 7 , in order to increase the temperature T of the chambers 7 ;

[0146] - the valve means 55 to permit the passage of carbon dioxide from the chambers 7 to the reservoir 51 ;

[0147] - the valve means 14 to allow the heat trans fer fluid to flow towards the chambers 7 , in order to lower the temperature T of the chambers 7 .

[0148] In particular, in order to reduce the pressure p of the volume enclosed between the two chambers 7 , the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the valve means 54 to permit the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 as long as the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is greater than a threshold value pve . By way of example , the threshold value pve is less than 50 mbar or 100 mbar .

[0149] The electronic control unit 90 is also configured to cause the valve means 54 to prevent fluids from flowing between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 , when the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is smaller than the threshold value pve .

[0150] In order to increase the temperature T of the chambers 7 , the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the valve means 14 to allow the heat transfer fluid to flow towards the chamber 7 as long as the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is smaller than a threshold value The . By way of example , the threshold value The ranges from ambient temperature to 130 ° C .

[0151] The electronic control unit 90 is also configured to cause the valve means 14 to prevent the heat trans fer fluid from flowing towards the chambers 7 , when the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is greater than the threshold value The .

[0152] The electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the valve means 55 to permit the passage of carbon dioxide from the chambers 7 to the reservoir 51 , when the pressure p inside the chambers 7 is greater than a threshold value pee, which is greater than the threshold value pve, and to subsequently cause the valve means 55 to deny the passage of carbon dioxide from the chambers 7 to the reservoir 51 , when the pressure p inside the chambers 7 is again smaller than the threshold value pve. Indeed, the pressure p inside the chambers 7 decreases during the capture of carbon dioxide from the chambers 7 .

[0153] The electronic control unit 90 is also configured to cause the valve means 14 to al low the hot heat trans fer fluid to flow towards the chambers 7 , when the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 falls below the threshold value The during the capture of carbon dioxide .

[0154] Once the capture or carbon dioxide from the chambers 7 has ended, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the valve means 14 to allow the cold heat trans fer fluid to flow towards the chamber 7 as long as the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is greater than a threshold value Tce, in order to lower the temperature T of the chambers 7 . In detail , the threshold value Tce is smaller than the threshold value The .

[0155] Once the cooling of the chambers 7 has ended, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the valve means 85 to permit the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the outside along the fluidic line 85 . In this way, the pressure p within the chambers 7 is progressively brought back to a value equal to or close to atmospheric pressure .

[0156] Preferably, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the desorption module 5 to move from the filter 3 , 4 in the desorption configuration to the filter 4 , 3 in the adsorption configuration at the end of the cooling of the chambers 7 (block s l 30 ) or once the chambers 7 are placed in fluid communication with the outside (block s l 40 ) , regardless o f whether or not the time interval tads complies with the control criterion .

[0157] Alternatively, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the desorption module 5 to move from the filter 3 , 4 in the desorption configuration to the filter 4 , 3 in the adsorption configuration when the time interval tads does not comply with the control criterion, regardless of whether the capture of the desorbed carbon dioxide has been completed or not .

[0158] Still alternatively, the electronic control unit 90 is configured to cause the desorption module 5 to move from the filter 3 , 4 in the desorption configuration to the filter 4 , 3 in the adsorption configuration when the time interval tads does not comply with the control criterion and the cooling of the chambers 7 (block s l 30 ) has ended or the chambers 7 have been placed in fluidic communication with the outside (block s l 40 ) .

[0159] The operation of the system 1 will be described below .

[0160] In use , the mechanism 6 moves the desorber module 5 from the first filter 3 to the second filter 4 and vice versa along the direction X . In detail , when the desorber module 5 is arranged at the first filter 3 , it desorbs the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by the first filter 3 , while the second filter 4 is immersed in the aeri form mixture F and directly adsorbs carbon dioxide ; when the desorber module 5 is arranged at the second filter 4 , it desorbs the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed by the second filter 4 , while the first filter 4 is immersed in atmospheric air and directly adsorbs carbon dioxide .

[0161] During the movement of the desorber module 5 along the direction X, the motors 60a, 60b, 60c cause the rotation of the relative pinions 64a, 64b, 64c, 64d relative to the respective racks 63 ; at the same time , the engagement elements 62 slide along the respective guides 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d .

[0162] Once the movement along the direction X has been completed, the module 5 is aligned with the filter 3 , 4 to be desorbed along the direction X . In particular, the chambers 7 face the filter 3 , 4 to be desorbed on the side of the face 34A and on the side of the face 34B, respectively .

[0163] At this point , the actuating means 9 cause the chambers 7 to slide paral lel to the direction Y, so as to bring the chambers 7 closer to one another and to the structure 30 of the filter 3 , 4 to be subj ected to the desorption process . In detail , the actuating means 9 cause the chambers 7 to slide until the engagement elements 32 engage the sealing elements 31 . In this condition, the chambers 7 face the filter 3 , 4 to be subj ected to the desorption process and are insulated from external atmospheric air . In particular, the valve means 85 deny the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the outside .

[0164] Subsequently, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 is permitted by means of the valve means 54 ( see block s l O in Figure 12 ) , so as to reduce the pressure p of the volume enclosed between the two chambers 7 and within which the filter 3 , 4 to be subj ected to the desorption process is enclosed . During this step, the hydraulic actuators 70 keep the chambers 7 pressed against the structure 30 and the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is compared with the threshold value pve ( see block s20 in Figure 12 ) .

[0165] In particular, i f the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is greater than the threshold value pve, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 continues to be permitted; i f , on the other hand, the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor

[0166] 81 is smaller than the threshold value pve, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the vacuum source 50 is denied ( see block s30 in Figure 12 ) .

[0167] Once the desired pressure has been reached within the chambers 7 , the thermal means 10 heat the chambers 7 . In detail , the heat trans fer fluid capable of raising the temperature T of the volume enclosed between the two chambers 7 is allowed to flow towards the chambers 7 through the valve means 14 .

[0168] During this heating and once the desired temperature has been reached within the chambers 7 , the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is compared with the threshold value The ( see block s50 in Figure 12 ) . In particular, i f the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is smaller than the threshold value The, the flow of the heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 continues to be permitted; i f , on the other hand, the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor

[0169] 82 is greater than the threshold value The, the flow of the heat transfer fluid towards the chambers 7 is denied.

[0170] During this heating, the adsorbent material releases the carbon dioxide previously adsorbed in the chambers 7 (see block s60 in Figure 12) . As a result, the pressure p within the chambers 7 tends to increase.

[0171] At this point, the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is compared with the threshold value pee (see block s70 in Figure 12) .

[0172] In particular, if the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is greater than or equal to the threshold value pee, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 is permitted by means of the valve means 54 (see block s80 in Figure 12) ; if, on the other hand, the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is smaller than the threshold value pee, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 by means of the valve means 54 continues to be denied.

[0173] While the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 is permitted, the carbon dioxide released in the chambers 7 is captured from the chambers 7. At the same time, the pressure p within the chambers 7 decreases .

[0174] At this point, the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is compared with the threshold value pve (see block s90 in Figure 12) .

[0175] In particular, if the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is smaller than or equal to the threshold value pve, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 is denied (see block slOO in Figure 12) ; if, on the other hand, the pressure p detected by the pressure sensor 81 is greater than the threshold value pve, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 continues to be permitted .

[0176] While the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 is permitted, the temperature T within the chambers 7 decreases . Therefore , even during the discharge of carbon dioxide , the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is compared with the threshold value The . In particular, i f the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is smaller than the threshold value The, the flow of the hot heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 is permitted again; i f , on the other hand, the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is greater than the threshold value The, the flow o f the hot heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 continues to be denied .

[0177] Once the discharge of the captured carbon dioxide has been completed or anyway inhibited, the thermal means 10 cool the chambers 7 . In detail , the heat trans fer fluid capable of lowering the temperature T of the volume enclosed between the two chambers 7 is allowed to flow towards the chambers 7 through the valve means 14 .

[0178] During this cooling, the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is compared with the threshold value Tce ( see block s l20 in Figure 12 ) . In particular, i f the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is greater than the threshold value Tce, the flow of the heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 continues to be permitted; i f , on the other hand, the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 82 is smaller than the threshold value Tce, the flow of the heat trans fer fluid towards the chambers 7 is denied ( see block s l 30 in Figure 12 ) .

[0179] Subsequently, before the chambers 7 are moved away from one another, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the outside is permitted along the fluidic line 85 ( see block s l 40 in Figure 12 ) . In this way, a progressive increase in the pressure p in the chambers 7 is obtained .

[0180] When, on the other hand, one of the two filters 3 , 4 is in the adsorption configuration, the electronic control unit 90 detects or determines the time interval t ads associated with the duration of adsorption of said filter and veri fies that said time interval tads complies with a control criterion .

[0181] In detail , the electronic control unit 90 determines the threshold value te as a function of the quantity Q detected by the sensor 80 and veri fies that the time interval tads is smaller than or equal to the threshold value te .

[0182] In further detail , the electronic control unit 90 determines the threshold value te in real time , namely during the time interval tads .

[0183] Owing to the above , the advantages of the system for the capture of carbon dioxide 1 and of the method for the capture of carbon dioxide according to the invention are evident .

[0184] In particular, since the movement of the desorber module 5 is controlled as a function of one or more operating parameters tads , p, T , the system is able to easily and ef ficiently carry out the process of adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere under variable environmental conditions . Speci fically, the system 1 of fers the possibility of modi fying the duration of the adsorption and desorption steps in real time .

[0185] Since the desorber module 5 is moved towards the filter 3 , 4 in the adsorption configuration when the time interval tads does not comply with the control criterion, it is possible to conclude the adsorption process when the filling of the filter 3 , 4 in the adsorption configuration can be considered suf ficient .

[0186] Since the threshold value te is calculated as a function of the quantity Q, it is possible to take into account the quantity of carbon dioxide plausibly adsorbed by the filter 3 , 4 in the adsorption configuration . This applies even more so in case the threshold value te is calculated and updated instant by instant during the adsorption process .

[0187] In addition, the fluidic communication between the chambers 7 and the reservoir 51 is permitted only as long as , once carbon dioxide is released in the chambers 7 , the pressure p is greater than the threshold value pee . This makes it possible to obtain a desorption proces s with no predetermined duration, but dependent on the actual speed with which carbon dioxide is captured and sent to the reservoir 51 .

[0188] Since , after having cooled the chambers 7 , the chambers 7 are placed in communication with the outside , it is possible to progressively increase the pressure value p . This limits the risk that the separation of the chambers 7 at the end of the desorption process may damage the filters 3 , 4 and / or the desorption module 5 .

[0189] In addition, it should be noted that the components used in the system 1 are simple to manufacture , easily available on the market and easy to maintain .

[0190] The mechanism 6 , moreover, comprises not very complex and easily controllable kinematic mechanisms .

[0191] Finally, the system 1 for the capture of carbon dioxide and the method for the capture of carbon dioxide according to the invention can be subj ected to changes and variants , which, though, do not go beyond the scope of protection set forth in the appended claims .

[0192] In particular, the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 could be aligned with one another along the direction Z . In this case , the mechanism 6 would be adapted to move the desorber module 5 relative to the frame 2 between the first filter and the second filter along the direction Z .

[0193] The system 1 could comprise further filters in addition to the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 . In other words , the system 1 is modular and the number o f filters can be varied with great ease in order to obtain desired levels of carbon dioxide capture .

[0194] In particular, the further filters could be aligned with the first filter 3 and the second filter 4 . Alternatively, the first filter, the second filter 4 and the further filters could be arranged along two or more rows arranged parallel to the direction X and stacked on one another parallel to the direction Z .

[0195] The desorber module 5 could comprise one single chamber 7 configured to completely house the first filter 3 or the second filter 4 . The thermal means 10 could comprise , alternatively or in addition to what described above , an electric resistor .

[0196] The mechanism 6 could comprise a number of motors 60a, 60b, 60c other than three . For example , it could comprise one single motor, two motors or more than three motors .

[0197] The mechanism 6 could comprise a number of guides 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d other than four . For example , it could comprise one guide , two guides , three guides or more than four guides . The actuating means 9 could comprise actuators other than hydraulic actuators . For example , they could comprise pneumatic or electric actuators .

[0198] The mechanism 6 could comprise alternative or additional motion transmission means in addition to the pinions 64a, 64b, 64c, 64d and to the racks 63 and employ the mechanical energy provided by the motors 60a, 60b, 60c to move the desorber module 5 .

Claims

CLAIMS1.- System (1) for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeriform mixture (F) comprising:- a frame ( 2 ) ; a first filter (3) and a second filter (4) operatively connected to said frame (2) and comprising an adsorbent material configured to adsorb, in use, carbon dioxide from said aeriform mixture (F) ; said first filter (3) and said second filter (4) being aligned with each other along a first direction (X) ; a desorber module (5) configured to desorb the adsorbed carbon dioxide, in use, selectively from said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) ; and- a mechanism (6) adapted to move said desorber module(5) relative to said frame (2) between said first filter (3) and said second filter (4) along said first direction (X) ; said desorber module (5) comprising:- at least one chamber (7) configured to face said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) and / or to contain said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) ; said chamber (7) being configured to be fluidically connected to a vacuum source (50) and a carbon dioxide reservoir (51) ; and- a structure (8) supporting said chamber (7) ; characterised in that it comprises an electronic control unit (90) operatively connected to said mechanism(6) and configured to command the displacement of said desorber module (5) between said first filter (3) and said second filter (4) as a function of one or more operatingparameters (tads, p, T) ; said desorber module (5) further comprising:- actuating means (9) adapted to move said chamber (7) relative to said structure (8) and relative to said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) along a second direction (Y) ; said second direction (Y) being transverse to said first direction (X) ; and- thermal means (10) configured to heat or cool said chamber ( 7 ) .2.- System according to claim 1, wherein the electronic control unit (90) is configured to:- detect or determine a time interval (tads) associated with the duration of adsorption of a filter between said first filter (3) and second filter (4) in an adsorption configuration, in which it adsorbs, in use, carbon dioxide from said aeriform mixture (F) ; and- verify that said time interval (tads) complies with a control criterion.3.- System according to claim 2, comprising a first sensor (80) configured to detect, in use, a quantity (Q) associated with the flow rate of said aeriform mixture (F) directed to said filter in the adsorption configuration; said control criterion providing that said time interval (tads) is lower than or equal to a threshold value (te) ; said electronic control unit (90) being operatively connected to said first sensor (80) and configured to determine said threshold value (te) as a function of said quantity (Q) .4.- System according to claim 3, wherein saidelectronic control unit (90) is configured to determine said threshold value (te) during said time interval (tads) .5.- System according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said first filter (3) and said second filter (4) are characterised by respective carbon dioxide capture capacities per unit of treated aeriform mixture F; said threshold value (te) corresponding to a time interval at the end of which said filter in the adsorption configuration has adsorbed, in use, a quantity of carbon dioxide equal to or greater than a specific percentage of the carbon dioxide capture capacity of said filter.6.- System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to command in sequence:- that the fluidic communication between said chamber (7) facing, in use, either said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) and said vacuum source (50) is allowed;- said thermal means (10) to heat said chamber (7) ;- the passage of carbon dioxide from said chamber (7) to said reservoir (51) ;- said thermal means (10) to cool said chamber (7) .7.- System according to claim 6, wherein said desorber module (5) comprises a pressure sensor (81) configured to detect the pressure (p) within said chamber (7) ; said electronic control unit (90) being operatively connected to said pressure sensor (81) and being configured to allow fluidic communication between said chamber (7) and said vacuum source (50) as long as said pressure (p) is greater than a first pressure threshold value (pve) .8.- System according to claim 6 or 7, wherein saiddesorber module (5) comprises a temperature sensor (82) configured to detect the temperature (T) within said chamber (7) ; said electronic control unit (90) being operatively connected to said temperature sensor (82) and being configured to allow said thermal means (10) to heat said chamber (7) as long as said temperature (T) detected by said temperature sensor (82) is lower than a first temperature threshold value (The) .9.- System according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to allow the passage of carbon dioxide from said chamber (7) to said reservoir (51) when said pressure (p) within said chamber (7) is greater than a second pressure threshold value (pee) , and to subsequently prevent the passage of carbon dioxide from said chamber (7) to said reservoir (51) when the pressure (p) inside said chamber (7) is lower than said first pressure threshold value (pve) ; said second pressure threshold value (pee) being greater than said first pressure threshold value (pve) .10.- System according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to command the thermal means (10) to cool said chamber (7) as long as said temperature (T) within said chamber (7) is greater than a second temperature threshold value (Tce) ; said second temperature threshold value (Tce) being lower than said first temperature threshold value (The) .11.- System according to claim 10, wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to allow fluidic communication between said chamber (7) and the outside of said chamber (7) when the temperature (T) inside saidchamber (7) is lower than the second temperature threshold value (Tce) .12.- System according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to command said mechanism (6) to move said desorber module (5) towards said filter in the adsorption configuration when, in use, said time interval (tads) does not comply with said control criterion.13.- System according to claim 10 or 11, wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to command said mechanism (6) to move said desorber module (5) towards said filter in the adsorption configuration after said thermal means (10) have cooled said chamber (7) to a temperature value (T) lower than said second temperature threshold value (Tce) ; or wherein said electronic control unit (90) is configured to command said mechanism (6) to move said desorber module (5) towards said filter in the adsorption configuration after said thermal means (10) have cooled said chamber (7) to a temperature value (T) lower than said second temperature threshold value (Tce) and said time interval (tads) does not comply with said control criterion.14.- System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said thermal means (10) comprise a plate (11) adjacent to said chamber (7) and / or in contact with said chamber (7) and / or delimiting said chamber (7) ; said plate (11) comprising a plurality of ducts configured to be traversed, in use, by a heat transfer fluid .15.- System according to any one of the precedingclaims, comprising, respectively, for said first filter (3) and said second filter (4) :- a support (30) attached to said frame (2) ; a sealing element (31) attached to said support (30) ; said chamber (7) being configured to cooperate, in use, with said support (30) and to be sealed by said sealing element (31) .16.- System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said mechanism (6) comprises:- at least one motor (60a, 60b, 60c) configured to provide mechanical energy to move said desorber module (5) relative to said frame (2) between said first filter (3) and said second filter (4) along said first direction (X) ; and- at least one guide (61a, 61b, 61c, 61d) configured to guide said desorber module (5) along said first direction (X) ; said desorber module (5) comprising at least one engagement element (62) adapted to engage, in use, said guide (61a, 61b, 61c, 61d) .17.- System according to claim 16, wherein said frame(2) comprises at least one rack (63) and said mechanism (6) comprises at least one pinion (64a, 64b, 64c, 64d) operatively connected to said motor (60a, 60b, 60c) and meshing, in use, with said rack (63) .18.- System according to claim 16 or 17, wherein said engagement element (62) comprises a support (65) and a caster (66) rotatable with respect to said support (65) about its own rotation axis (A) and in contact with saidguide (61a, 61b, 61c, 61d) .19.- Plant (100) comprising:- a system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims ;- a vacuum source (50) ; and a reservoir (51) configured to contain, in use, carbon dioxide.20.- Method for the capture of carbon dioxide from an aeriform mixture (F) comprising the steps of: i) adsorbing carbon dioxide by the adsorbent material of a first filter (3; 4) from said aeriform mixture (F) ; ii) desorbing the carbon dioxide adsorbed from the sorbent of a second filter (4; 3) by means of a desorber module (5) ; said second filter (4; 3) being aligned with said first filter (3; 4) along a first direction (X) ; said step ii) being at least partially simultaneous with said step i ) ; said desorber module (5) comprising:- at least one chamber (7) configured to face said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) and / or to contain said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) ; said chamber (7) being configured to be fluidically connected to a vacuum source (50) and a carbon dioxide reservoir ( 51 ) ;- a structure (8) supporting said chamber (7) ;- actuating means (9) adapted to move said chamber (7) relative to said structure (8) and relative to said first filter (3) or said second filter (4) along a second direction (Y) ; said second direction (Y) being transverse to said first direction (X) ; and- thermal means (10) configured to heat or cool said chamber ( 7 ) ; said method further comprising step iii) of moving said desorber module (5) from said second filter (4; 3) to said first filter (3; 4) subsequent to said step i) and / or said step ii) as a function of one or more operating parameters (tads, p, T) and by means of an electronic control unit (90) .21.- Method according to claim 19, characterised in that said step i) comprises the further steps of: iv) detecting or determining a time interval (tads) associated with the duration of adsorption of said first filter ( 3 ) ; v) verifying that said time interval (tads) complies with a control criterion.22.- Method, according to claim 21, comprising the further steps of: vi) detecting a quantity (Q) associated with the flow rate of said aeriform mixture (F) directed to said first filter ( 3 ) ; vii) determining a threshold value (te) as a function of the said quantity (Q) ; wherein said control criterion provides that said time interval (tads) is lower than or equal to said threshold value (te) .23.- Method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterised in that said step ii) comprises the further steps of: viii) arranging said chamber (7) so that it faces said second filter (4; 3) or contains said second filter (4; 3) ;ix) fluidically connecting said chamber (7) to a vacuum source (50) ; x) heating said chamber (7) at the end of said step ix) by means of said thermal means (10) ; xi) conveying the carbon dioxide desorbed from said second filter (4; 3) to said carbon dioxide reservoir (51) ; xii) cooling said chamber (7) at the end of said step xi) by means of said thermal means (10) .24.- Method according to claim 23, wherein said step ix) is performed as long as the pressure (p) in said chamber (7) is greater than a first pressure threshold value (pve) .25.- Method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein said step x) is performed as long as the temperature (T) in said chamber (7) is lower than a first temperature threshold value (The) .26.- Method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein said step xi) is performed when said pressure (p) within said chamber (7) is greater than a second pressure threshold value (pee) and ends when said pressure (p) within said chamber (7) is lower than said first pressure threshold value (pve) ; said second pressure threshold value (pee) being greater than said first pressure threshold value (pve) .27.- Method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein said step xii) is performed as long as the temperature (T) in said chamber (7) is greater than a second temperature threshold value (Tce) ; said second temperature threshold value (Tce) being lower than said first temperature threshold value (The) ;said method comprising the further step xiii) of allowing the passage of fluids between said chamber (7) and the outside of said chamber (7) following said step xii) .28.- Method according to any one of claims 21 to 27, comprising the step xiv) of moving the desorber module (5) towards said first filter (3) when said time interval (tads) does not comply with said control criterion.29.- Method according to claim 27, comprising step xv) of moving the desorber module (5) towards said first filter (3) after said step xiii) ; or comprising the step xvi) of moving the desorber module (5) towards said first filter (3) after said step xiii) and when said time interval (tads) does not comply with said control criterion.30.- Method according to any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein said step x) comprises heating said chamber (7) by means of a heat transfer fluid and said step xii) comprises cooling said chamber (7) by means of said same heat transfer fluid.

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