Foundation brake device, axle, and rail vehicle

Abstract

Provided are a foundation brake device, an axle, and a rail vehicle. The foundation brake device is arranged between a steering knuckle (1) and a hub (2); the foundation brake device comprises a brake disc (3) and a brake caliper (15); the brake disc (3) is fixedly arranged on the hub (2); and the axis of the brake disc (3) coincides with the axis of the hub (2). The brake caliper (15) is fixedly arranged on the steering knuckle (1); the brake caliper (15) comprises a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder; the pair of brake pads are distributed on two sides of the brake disc (3) in the axial direction of the brake disc (3); and the brake cylinder is adapted to drive the pair of brake pads to move toward or move away from the brake disc (3). The brake disc (3) and the brake caliper (15) are arranged between the steering knuckle (1) and the hub (2), thereby making full use of the space between the brake disc (3) and the brake caliper (15); and the brake disc (3) and the brake caliper (15) are arranged in the transverse direction of a bogie, thereby reducing the space occupied in the longitudinal direction of the bogie; thus, the foundation brake device has a more compact structure, and is suitable for installation on bogies having limited space.

Description

Foundation brake device, axle and railway vehicle

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411021042.3, filed on July 26, 2024, entitled "Foundation brake device, axle and railway vehicle", which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of railway vehicles, and provides a foundation brake device, an axle and a railway vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0004] The foundation brake device is an actuator used by a railway vehicle to stop a train, and its working principle mainly relies on the lever principle and friction. When the brake system issues a brake command, the piston in the brake cylinder is driven by compressed air or hydraulic pressure to move, and the brake force is amplified by a force amplification mechanism and transmitted to the brake shoe or brake pad. The brake shoe or brake pad is pressed against the tread of the wheel or the brake disc after being subjected to the brake force, generating a friction force to slow down and stop the train, thereby ensuring safe and stable parking of the train.

[0005] In the related art, the foundation brake device has a brake disc and a brake caliper, and the brake disc is generally installed on the axle, and the brake caliper is installed on the crossbeam of the bogie frame. The structure is dispersed, and the space occupied in the longitudinal direction of the bogie is large. Especially for the foundation brake device with large axle load and high braking torque, the self-volume is large, and the space occupied is large, which is not suitable for installation on the bogie with small space.

[0006] Therefore, how to solve the problem that the foundation brake device in the prior art is not suitable for installation on the bogie with small space has become an important technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0007] The embodiments of the present application provide a foundation brake device, an axle and a railway vehicle to solve the defect that the foundation brake device in the prior art is not suitable for installation on the bogie with small space.

[0008] The first aspect of the present application provides a foundation brake device arranged between a knuckle and a wheel hub, the foundation brake device comprising:

[0009] a brake disc fixedly arranged on the wheel hub, an axis of the brake disc coinciding with an axis of the wheel hub;

[0010] A brake caliper is fixedly arranged on the knuckle, and the brake caliper comprises a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder, two of the pair of brake pads are arranged on both sides of the brake disc along the axial direction of the brake disc, and the brake cylinder is adapted to drive the pair of brake pads to move close to or away from the brake disc.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, further comprising:

[0012] A first positioning pin is arranged on the brake disc, a second positioning pin is arranged on the hub, the axis of the first positioning pin and the axis of the second positioning pin are parallel to the axis of the brake disc, and the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin are in interference fit with the first positioning pin.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, further comprising:

[0014] A first jacking piece is arranged on the brake disc, the axis of the first jacking hole is parallel to the axis of the brake disc, the first jacking piece is in threaded connection with the first jacking hole, and the end of the first jacking piece is adapted to abut against the hub.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, further comprising:

[0016] A mounting plate is arranged between the brake caliper and the knuckle, the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the knuckle, and the brake caliper is fixedly connected with the mounting plate.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, further comprising:

[0018] A brake pad wear detection mechanism is arranged on the brake caliper, and the brake pad wear detection mechanism is adapted to detect the wear amount of the brake pad.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present application, the brake pad comprises a brake pad body and a back plate, the brake pad body is fixedly arranged on the back plate; and the brake pad wear detection mechanism comprises:

[0020] A light detection element is arranged in the brake pad body, the distance between the light detection element and the back plate is a preset distance, and the light detection element is adapted to detect a light signal.

[0021] A warning module is adapted to issue a warning prompt.

[0022] A controller is electrically connected with the light detection element and the warning module, and the controller is adapted to control the warning module to act according to the light signal detected by the light detection element.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present application, further comprising:

[0024] A speed measuring mechanism is adapted to detect the rotating speed of the brake disc and the wheel hub.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present application, the speed measuring mechanism comprises:

[0026] A gear ring is fixedly arranged on the brake disc, an axis of the gear ring coincides with an axis of the brake disc, and a side of the gear ring facing the knuckle is provided with gear teeth uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the gear ring.

[0027] A speed measuring sensor is fixedly arranged on the knuckle, and an inductive end of the speed measuring sensor faces the gear teeth of the gear ring.

[0028] The second aspect embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle axle comprising the above basic brake device.

[0029] The third aspect embodiment of the present application provides a railway vehicle comprising the above basic brake device or the above vehicle axle.

[0030] The above one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application have at least one of the following technical effects.

[0031] The basic brake device provided by the first aspect embodiment of the present application is arranged between the knuckle and the wheel hub, and comprises a brake disc and a brake caliper. The brake disc is fixedly arranged on the wheel hub, and an axis of the brake disc coincides with an axis of the wheel hub, so that the brake disc rotates synchronously with the wheel hub. The brake caliper is fixedly arranged on the knuckle and is adapted to act on the brake disc. The brake caliper comprises a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. The pair of brake pads are distributed on two sides of the brake disc along the axis direction of the brake disc, and the brake cylinder is adapted to drive the pair of brake pads to approach or move away from the brake disc. When the pair of brake pads approach the brake disc, the pair of brake pads can clamp the brake disc and generate a friction force on the brake disc, so as to brake the wheel hub. When the pair of brake pads move away from the brake disc, the brake pads are separated from the brake disc, so as to release the brake. In this way, the brake disc and the brake caliper are arranged between the knuckle and the wheel hub, the space between the brake disc and the brake caliper is fully utilized, and the brake disc and the brake caliper are arranged along the lateral direction of the bogie, so as to reduce the occupation of the space in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, and the structure is more compact, which is suitable for being installed on the bogie with small space and has strong adaptability, and the problem that the basic brake device in the prior art is not suitable for being installed on the bogie with small space is solved.

[0032] The vehicle axle provided by the second aspect embodiment of the present application also has the advantage of compact structure because of the basic brake device as described above.

[0033] The railway vehicle provided by the third aspect embodiment of the present application also has the advantage of compact structure because of the basic brake device or the vehicle axle as described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0035] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an axle provided by the application;

[0036] Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of X in Fig. 1;

[0037] Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of Y in Fig. 1;

[0038] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative position of a brake disc and a wheel hub provided by the application;

[0039] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution position of a first connecting bolt, a first jacking piece and a first positioning pin on a brake disc provided by the application;

[0040] Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a brake pad wear detection mechanism provided by the application;

[0041] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the setting position of a light detection element on a brake pad provided by the application;

[0042] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of a speed sensor provided by the application; and

[0043] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the distribution position of a second connecting bolt, a second jacking piece, a second positioning pin and a third connecting bolt on a mounting plate provided by the application.

[0044] Reference signs: 1, knuckle; 2, wheel hub; 3, brake disc; 4, first positioning pin; 5, first jacking piece; 6, mounting plate; 7, brake pad body; 8, back plate; 9, light detection element; 10, gear ring; 11, speed sensor; 12, first connecting bolt; 13, mounting seat; 14, elastic bushing; 15, brake caliper; 16, second connecting bolt; 17, second positioning pin; 18, second jacking piece; 19, third connecting bolt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the application more clear, the technical solutions in the application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the protection scope of the application.

[0046] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0049] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in the present specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0050] The basic braking device of the present application is described below in conjunction with FIGS. 1-9.

[0051] As shown in FIGS. 1-9, the first aspect of the present application provides a basic braking device arranged between the steering knuckle 1 and the wheel hub 2. The basic braking device comprises a brake disc 3 and a brake caliper 15.

[0052] Specifically, the brake disc 3 is fixedly arranged on the wheel hub 2, and the axis of the brake disc 3 coincides with the axis of the wheel hub 2, so that the brake disc 3 rotates synchronously with the wheel hub 2.

[0053] The brake caliper 15 is arranged to act on the brake disc 3, and the brake caliper 15 is fixedly arranged on the steering knuckle 1. The brake caliper 15 and the wheel hub 2 can rotate synchronously with the steering knuckle 1, and the relative position between the brake caliper 15 and the brake disc 3 does not change with the steering rotation of the steering knuckle 1, so as to ensure that the rail vehicle can effectively brake when steering.

[0054] The brake caliper 15 comprises a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder. The two brake pads in the pair of brake pads are distributed on both sides of the brake disc 3 along the axis direction of the brake disc 3, and the brake cylinder is used to drive the pair of brake pads to approach or move away from the brake disc 3.

[0055] When the pair of brake pads approaches the brake disc 3, the brake pads can clamp the brake disc 3 and generate a friction force on the brake disc 3, thereby achieving braking of the wheel hub 2. When braking, the brake caliper 15 applies a braking force to the brake disc 3 fixed on the wheel hub 2, and the braking force is transmitted to the wheel, thereby achieving braking of the vehicle.

[0056] When the pair of brake pads moves away from the brake disc 3, the brake pads are out of contact with the brake disc 3, thereby releasing the braking.

[0057] In this way, the brake disc 3 and the brake caliper 15 are arranged between the steering knuckle 1 and the wheel hub 2, making full use of the space between the brake disc 3 and the brake caliper 15, and the brake disc 3 and the brake caliper 15 are arranged along the lateral direction of the bogie, thereby reducing the occupation of the space in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, and the structure is more compact. It is suitable for installation on a bogie with a large space, and also suitable for installation on a bogie with a small space, has strong adaptability, and solves the problem that the basic braking device in the prior art is not suitable for installation on a bogie with a small space.

[0058] It should be noted that the air pressure disc brake caliper 15 is used in the embodiment of the present application, and the brake caliper 15 is composed of an air chamber, a wear compensation mechanism, brake pads and a bracket. The wear compensation mechanism can keep the friction pair gap constant, and ensure the stability of the maximum braking torque.

[0059] In specific embodiments, a first connecting hole can be arranged on the wheel hub 2, and a second connecting hole can be arranged on the brake disc 3. The first connecting hole corresponds in position to the second connecting hole, and a first connecting bolt 12 is used to fixedly connect the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2 together.

[0060] Specifically, eight first connecting holes are arranged on the wheel hub 2 and are spaced along the circumference of the wheel hub 2, and eight second connecting holes are arranged on the brake disc 3 and are spaced along the circumference of the brake disc 3, the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2 are fastened and connected together by eight first connecting bolts 12, and each first connecting bolt 12 can bear a shearing force during braking.

[0061] In further embodiments, the basic brake device further comprises a first positioning pin 4, a first pin hole is arranged on the brake disc 3, and a second pin hole is arranged on the wheel hub 2, the axis of the first pin hole and the axis of the second pin hole are both parallel to the axis of the brake disc 3, and the first pin hole and the second pin hole are in position correspondence. The axis of the first pin hole coincides with the axis of the second pin hole, the first positioning pin 4 is located in the first pin hole and the second pin hole, and the first pin hole and the second pin hole are in interference fit with the first positioning pin 4.

[0062] In this way, the first positioning pin 4 can also bear a shearing force during braking, ensuring the relative stability of the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2, increasing the maximum braking torque that can be allowed, and ensuring the reliability of the brake disc 3 under the maximum braking torque.

[0063] In specific embodiments, four first pin holes are arranged on the brake disc 3 and are spaced along the circumference of the brake disc 3, and four second pin holes are arranged on the wheel hub 2 and are spaced along the circumference of the wheel hub 2. The first positioning pin 4 is provided with four, and one first positioning pin 4 is arranged in each first pin hole and second pin hole.

[0064] For the convenience of disassembling and assembling the brake disc 3, in further embodiments, the basic brake device further comprises a first jacking member 5.

[0065] A first jacking hole is arranged on the brake disc 3, and the axis of the first jacking hole is parallel to the axis of the brake disc 3. The first jacking member 5 is in threaded connection with the first jacking hole, and the end of the first jacking member 5 can abut against the wheel hub 2.

[0066] When disassembling the brake disc 3, first, the first connecting bolts 12 are disassembled from the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2, then the first jacking member 5 is installed in the first jacking hole on the brake disc 3, and the first jacking member 5 is screwed, so that the abutting force of the first jacking member 5 against the wheel hub 2 gradually increases, until the abutting force of the first jacking member 5 against the wheel hub 2 overcomes the interference fit force between the first positioning pin 4 and the first pin hole or the interference fit force between the first positioning pin 4 and the second pin hole, the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2 can be separated, so that the brake disc 3 is disassembled.

[0067] In specific embodiments, a bolt can be selected as the above-mentioned first jacking member 5.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, in order to facilitate the installation of the brake caliper 15 on the knuckle 1, the base brake device further comprises an installation plate 6, which is arranged on the side of the knuckle 1 close to the hub 2. The installation plate 6 is arranged between the brake caliper 15 and the knuckle 1, and the installation plate 6 is fixedly connected with the knuckle 1, and the brake caliper 15 is fixedly connected with the installation plate 6.

[0069] The installation plate 6 is arranged on the knuckle 1 to provide an installation position for the brake caliper 15, so as to ensure that the brake caliper 15 is adapted to the position of the brake disc 3.

[0070] In the embodiment, for the connection structure of the installation plate 6 and the knuckle 1, the brake installation structure further comprises a second connecting bolt 16. A third connecting hole can be arranged on the knuckle 1, and a fourth connecting hole can be arranged on the installation plate 6. The positions of the third connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole correspond to each other, and the second connecting bolt 16 is used to fixedly connect the installation plate 6 and the knuckle 1 together. Specifically, six fourth connecting holes are arranged on the installation plate 6, and the six fourth connecting holes are distributed at intervals around the axis of the brake disc 3. Six third connecting holes are arranged on the knuckle 1, and the six third connecting holes are distributed at intervals around the axis of the brake disc 3. The six second connecting bolts 16 are used to fixedly connect the installation plate 6 and the knuckle 1 together.

[0071] For the connection structure of the installation plate 6 and the brake caliper 15, the brake caliper 15 and the installation plate 6 can be fixedly connected together by using six third connecting bolts 19.

[0072] In combination with the above-mentioned second connecting bolt 16 and the third connecting bolt 19, the installation strength of the brake caliper 15 and the function of the brake caliper 15 can be ensured.

[0073] In a further embodiment, the brake installation structure further comprises a second positioning pin 17.

[0074] A third pin hole is arranged on the installation plate 6, and a fourth pin hole is arranged on the knuckle 1. The axis of the third pin hole coincides with the axis of the fourth pin hole, the second positioning pin 17 is located in the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole, and the third pin hole and the fourth pin hole are in interference fit with the second positioning pin 17.

[0075] In this way, the second positioning pin 17 can also bear the shearing force during braking, so as to ensure the relative stability of the installation plate 6 and the knuckle 1, improve the maximum allowable braking torque, and ensure the reliability of the installation plate 6 under the maximum braking torque.

[0076] In the embodiment, four third pin holes are arranged on the mounting plate 6 and are spaced around the axis of the brake disc 3, and four fourth pin holes are arranged on the steering knuckle 1 and are spaced around the axis of the brake disc 3. Four second positioning pins 17 are arranged, one in each of the third pin holes and the fourth pin holes.

[0077] In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the mounting plate 6, in a further embodiment, the brake mounting structure further comprises a second jacking member 18.

[0078] The second jacking member 18 is threadedly connected to the second jacking hole, and the end of the second jacking member 18 can abut against the steering knuckle 1.

[0079] When disassembling the mounting plate 6, first, the second connecting bolt 16 is disassembled from the mounting plate 6 and the steering knuckle 1, then the second jacking member 18 is mounted in the second jacking hole on the mounting plate 6, and the second jacking member 18 is screwed to gradually increase the abutting force of the second jacking member 18 against the steering knuckle 1, until the abutting force of the second jacking member 18 against the steering knuckle 1 overcomes the interference fit force between the second positioning pin 17 and the third pin hole or the interference fit force between the second positioning pin 17 and the fourth pin hole, the mounting plate 6 can be separated from the steering knuckle 1, so that the mounting plate 6 is disassembled.

[0080] In the embodiment, a bolt can be selected as the second jacking member 18.

[0081] In the embodiment, the brake disc 3 is made of aluminum alloy material, which is beneficial to reduce the weight of the basic brake device and promote lightweight design. The brake disc 3 can be processed by integral casting.

[0082] In the embodiment, the basic brake device further comprises a brake pad wear detection mechanism arranged on the brake caliper 15, which is used to detect the wear of the brake pad in real time. The wear of the brake pad is monitored by the brake pad wear detection mechanism, and the brake pad can be replaced in time before the brake pad is excessively worn, so as to avoid the problem that the brake effect is poor or even cannot effectively brake due to excessive wear of the brake pad.

[0083] In the embodiment, the brake pad comprises a brake pad body 7 and a back plate 8, the brake pad body 7 is fixedly arranged on the back plate 8, and the back plates 8 of a pair of brake pads are driven to move close to or away from each other by the brake cylinder, so as to drive the brake pad bodies 7 to move close to or away from each other to clamp or release the brake disc 3.

[0084] Specifically, the back plate 8 and the brake pad body 7 can be integrally die-cast together. The brake pad body 7 is made of wear-resistant synthetic material, which can ensure the stability of the friction coefficient of the friction pair.

[0085] The wear detection mechanism of the brake pad comprises a light detection element 9, a warning module and a controller.

[0086] The light detection element 9 is arranged inside the brake pad body 7, and is used to detect the light signal.

[0087] The distance between the light detection element 9 and the back plate 8 is a preset distance. In the initial stage of wear of the brake pad body 7, the light detection element 9 is located inside the brake pad body 7, and the light detection element 9 cannot detect the light signal. When the brake pad body 7 is worn to a certain extent, the light detection element 9 will be exposed from the brake pad body 7, so that the light detection element 9 can detect the light signal. When the light detection element 9 can detect the light signal, it indicates that the brake pad body 7 is worn to the limit position, and the brake pad body 7 needs to be replaced in time.

[0088] The warning module can issue a warning prompt. The light detection element 9 and the warning module are both electrically connected to the controller, and the controller can control the warning module to act according to the light signal detected by the light detection element 9. Specifically, after the light detection element 9 detects the light signal, it will be converted into an electrical signal, and the controller can obtain the electrical signal and control the warning module to issue a warning prompt to prompt the staff to replace the brake pad body 7 in time.

[0089] The above-mentioned light detection element 9 can be a photoelectric sensor. When the brake pad body 7 is worn to the limit position, the photoelectric sensor detects the light signal and generates an electrical signal.

[0090] The above-mentioned light detection element 9 can be but is not limited to a BPW sensor with model number SS-JZL1-BPWCGQ. The BPW sensor is a photoelectric and photosensitive sensor that works through photoelectric effect, can sense light signals of a specific wavelength range and convert them into electrical signals. It is mainly used for detecting the intensity, frequency or other optical characteristics of light, and realizes the measurement and control of light signals in various applications.

[0091] For the installation of the light detection element 9 on the brake pad body 7, a mounting groove can be arranged on the brake pad body 7, the light detection element 9 is embedded in the mounting groove, and the light detection element 9 is clamped with the brake pad body 7. The light detection element 9 is connected with the brake pad body 7 through clamping, which facilitates the disassembly and replacement of the light detection element 9.

[0092] The warning module can be a display, a voice alarm or a light alarm. When a display is selected as the warning module, the warning prompt can be displayed on the display. When a voice alarm or a light alarm is selected as the warning module, the staff can be reminded by voice or light flickering.

[0093] In some embodiments, the TMS system of the vehicle can be used as the controller, and the light detection element 9 and the warning module are directly electrically connected to the TMS system, so that a separate controller for the basic braking device is avoided.

[0094] In the embodiments of the present application, the basic braking device further comprises a speed measurement mechanism, which is used to detect the rotating speed of the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2, so as to facilitate the determination of the running speed of the railway vehicle.

[0095] The speed measurement mechanism comprises a gear ring 10 and a speed sensor 11. The gear ring 10 is fixedly arranged on the brake disc 3, and the axis of the gear ring 10 coincides with the axis of the brake disc 3. The gear ring 10 can synchronously rotate with the brake disc 3 and the wheel hub 2.

[0096] Specifically, the gear ring 10 and the brake disc 3 can be fastened together by using a fourth connecting bolt.

[0097] The side of the gear ring 10 facing the knuckle 1 is provided with gear teeth, which are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the gear ring 10, as shown in FIG. 2. The speed sensor 11 is fixedly arranged on the knuckle 1, and the sensing end of the speed sensor 11 faces the gear teeth of the gear ring 10. When the brake disc 3 synchronously rotates with the wheel hub 2, the speed sensor 11 can detect the number of gear teeth passed, so as to determine the angle of rotation of the brake disc 3 and the gear ring 10, and further determine the running speed of the railway vehicle.

[0098] Specifically, the speed sensor 11 can be fixedly arranged on the mounting plate 6 by using a bolt. A mounting seat 13 can be arranged on the mounting plate 6, and the mounting seat 13 is fixedly arranged on the mounting plate 6 by using a bolt. The mounting seat 13 is provided with a mounting hole for mounting the speed sensor 11, and an elastic bushing 14 is arranged in the mounting hole. The speed sensor 11 is clamped in the mounting hole of the mounting seat 13 through the elastic bushing 14, as shown in FIG. 8.

[0099] When the speed sensor 11 and the gear ring 10 are installed, the gap between the sensing end of the speed sensor 11 and the gear ring 10 needs to be ensured. The gap can be controlled within the range of 0.6-0.8 mm. Specifically, the gap between the sensing end of the speed sensor 11 and the gear ring 10 can be 0.7 mm.

[0100] In summary, the basic braking device provided in the embodiments of the present application is arranged between the knuckle 1 and the wheel hub 2, has a compact structure, is suitable for being installed on a bogie with a large space and a bogie with a small space, and has strong adaptability. Moreover, the basic braking device in the embodiments of the present application further integrates the brake pad wear detection mechanism and the speed measurement mechanism, can detect the running speed and the wear condition of the brake pad in real time, and avoids the problems of poor braking effect and even ineffective braking caused by excessive wear of the brake pad.

[0101] The second aspect embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle axle comprising the basic brake device. The basic brake device provided by the above embodiment has a compact structure and occupies less space in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, and is suitable for installation in a bogie with large space and a bogie with small space. Therefore, the vehicle axle in the embodiment has the advantage of compact structure.

[0102] The derivation process of the beneficial effects of the vehicle axle in the embodiment of the present application is similar to that of the basic brake device, and thus will not be described here.

[0103] The third aspect embodiment of the present application provides a railway vehicle comprising the basic brake device or the vehicle axle. The basic brake device provided by the above embodiment has a compact structure and occupies less space in the longitudinal direction of the bogie, and is suitable for installation in a bogie with large space and a bogie with small space. Therefore, the vehicle in the embodiment has the advantage of compact structure.

[0104] The derivation process of the beneficial effects of the railway vehicle in the embodiment of the present application is similar to that of the basic brake device or the vehicle axle, and thus will not be described here.

[0105] The railway vehicle provided by the third aspect embodiment of the present application can be a high-speed rail, a bullet train, a city rail, etc.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A base brake device arranged between a knuckle and a wheel hub, the base brake device comprising: a brake disc fixedly arranged on the wheel hub, an axis of the brake disc coinciding with an axis of the wheel hub; a brake caliper fixedly arranged on the knuckle, the brake caliper comprising a pair of brake pads and a brake cylinder, two of the pair of brake pads being distributed on two sides of the brake disc along the axis of the brake disc, the brake cylinder being adapted to drive the pair of brake pads to approach or move away from the brake disc. 2.The base brake device according to claim 1, further comprising: a first positioning pin, a first pin hole being arranged on the brake disc, a second pin hole being arranged on the wheel hub, the axis of the first pin hole and the axis of the second pin hole both being parallel to the axis of the brake disc, the first pin hole and the second pin hole both being interference-fitted with the first positioning pin. 3.The base brake device according to claim 2, further comprising: a first jacking member, a first jacking hole being arranged on the brake disc, the axis of the first jacking hole being parallel to the axis of the brake disc, the first jacking member being threadedly connected with the first jacking hole, an end of the first jacking member being adapted to abut against the wheel hub. 4.The base brake device according to claim 1, further comprising: a mounting plate arranged between the brake caliper and the knuckle, the mounting plate being fixedly connected with the knuckle, the brake caliper being fixedly connected with the mounting plate. 5.The base brake device according to claim 1, further comprising: a brake pad wear detection mechanism arranged on the brake caliper, the brake pad wear detection mechanism being adapted to detect a wear amount of the brake pad.

6. The ground brake apparatus of claim 5, wherein, the brake pad comprising a brake pad body and a back plate, the brake pad body being fixedly arranged on the back plate; the brake pad wear detection mechanism comprising: a light detection element arranged in the brake pad body, a distance between the light detection element and the back plate being a preset distance, the light detection element being adapted to detect a light signal; a warning module adapted to issue a warning prompt; a controller, the light detection element and the warning module both being electrically connected with the controller, the controller being adapted to control the warning module to act according to the light signal detected by the light detection element. 7.The base brake device according to claim 1, further comprising: a speed detection mechanism adapted to detect a rotating speed of the brake disc and the wheel hub.

8. The ground brake apparatus of claim 7, wherein, the speed detection mechanism comprising: a gear ring fixedly arranged on the brake disc, an axis of the gear ring coinciding with the axis of the brake disc, a side of the gear ring facing the knuckle being provided with gear teeth uniformly distributed along a circumferential direction of the gear ring; a speed sensor fixedly arranged on the knuckle, an inductive end of the speed sensor facing the gear teeth of the gear ring. 9.A vehicle axle comprising the base brake device according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10.A railway vehicle comprising the base brake device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or comprising the vehicle axle according to claim 9.

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