The invention relates to a rail-traffic regenerative-braking-energy comprehensive recovery and utilization device and method. The rail-traffic regenerative-braking-energy comprehensive recovery and utilization device is provided with an alternating voltage detecting module, a direct voltage detecting module, a logical control unit, a flywheel energy storage system and an inverter. The flywheel energy storage system conducts action to provide electric energy for or absorb electric energy from a traction network direct current bus according to the magnitude of a traction network direct current bus voltage value and a self SOC value state; and the inverter determines whether traction network direct current bus voltage is absorbed or not by combining the magnitude of the traction network direct current bus voltage value and the SOC state of the flywheel, if the feedback power of the inverter is relatively small, the power is fed back to a low-voltage alternating-current power supply network, and if the feedback power of the inverter is relatively large, the power is fed back to a power distribution network. According to the rail-traffic regenerative-braking-energy comprehensive recovery and utilization device and method, the quality of power-grid electric energy is prevented from being reduced after an inverter feedback device is used, by combining the infinite-capacity continuous working characteristic of the flywheel energy storage system, a part of energy which cannot be absorbed by the flywheel energy storage system after the flywheel energy storage system is fully charged is absorbed, rail-traffic train regeneration is prevented from automatically losing efficacy, and energy conservation is obvious.