1026 results about "Secondary circuit" patented technology

A direct current (DC) fast charger for charging a battery of an electric vehicle (EV) includes a primary circuit having seven bidirectional switches electrically linked to a primary wire of a transformer and configured to receive an alternating current (AC) voltage; and a secondary circuit comprising a plurality of diodes arranged to rectify the AC voltage into a DC voltage, electrically linked to the secondary leads of the transformer such that the DC fast charger unidirectionally converts the AC voltage received at the primary circuit into the DC voltage output by the secondary circuit.

The invention discloses a DC voltage divider parameter anomaly detection method based on harmonic characteristics, and the method comprises the steps: deploying an isolation type voltage sensor at a bus of a DC power transmission system, carrying out the voltage sampling through combining with an ADC, carrying out the data buffering and preprocessing, extracting a fundamental wave component and a target harmonic component through the fast Fourier transform, and calculating the harmonic distortion rate. And constructing a low-voltage arm capacitance and harmonic distortion rate model based on a voltage divider secondary circuit equivalent circuit and an energy distribution principle, and calibrating the low-voltage arm capacitance and harmonic distortion rate model. And designing a multi-objective optimization scheduling algorithm based on energy storage capacity and capacitance characteristics, and realizing dynamic power distribution and harmonic suppression of the system. And after abnormal triggering, the system automatically loads a capacitance compensation coefficient, adaptively adjusts algorithm parameters in combination with a measurement loop PI control link, reduces a harmonic amplification effect, and ensures that a measurement error is within an acceptable range. Harmonic monitoring precision and capacitance compensation optimization capability of the direct-current power transmission system are effectively improved, and stable operation of the system is guaranteed.

The invention relates to an electrical equipment fault monitoring and positioning method and system based on data analysis, and belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: sensing a transient traveling wave signal of a fault current by adopting a traveling wave detection technology to determine an initial fault area; acquiring state data of the secondary equipment in the fault area through mapping of the secondary equipment in the fault area; constructing a secondary loop connection model based on the configuration file, and designing an action sequence rule base to verify the action logic and time sequence matching of a regional data centralized protection device, a circuit breaker and a communication link in real time; based on logic verification, action triggering conditions are extracted to be fused with the regional data set; and inputting the fault feature vector into a classification model for fault identification by obtaining the classification model. According to the invention, through traveling wave detection, EEMD decomposition, data synchronization and logic verification, feature information related to the fault is accurately extracted, and through data fusion and real-time learning, the fault identification precision and efficiency are improved.

The invention discloses an airport ground air conditioning unit multi-system energy-saving control method and system, and the method comprises the steps: collecting refrigerant flow data, temperature monitoring data and load demand data of an airport air conditioning system, recognizing a phase change boundary, extracting a gas-liquid conversion point, and carrying out enthalpy value coupling in combination with superheat degree distribution to generate a phase change energy field; identifying heat transfer bottleneck points based on the phase change energy field, generating an equivalent thermal resistance network, and extracting heat capacity characteristic parameters to construct a thermal response path diagram; refrigerant shunting analysis is carried out to extract primary and secondary loops, and an optimal distribution point is identified to generate a load balance matrix; reconstructing a compressor adjusting curve, and identifying a high-efficiency operation interval to generate a frequency conversion adjusting sequence; determining an energy storage window period, and obtaining a dynamic buffer threshold to construct a peak clipping and valley filling instruction set; and an execution deviation track is monitored, the optimal convergence path is recognized, self-adaptive correction is conducted, an energy-saving control instruction is generated, and intelligent multi-system coordination efficient energy-saving control over the airport ground air conditioning unit is achieved.

The invention discloses a current transformer real-time state diagnosis system based on Internet of Things, which relates to the technical field of electrical equipment state diagnosis and comprises a reference construction module, a disturbance excitation module, a modeling identification module, a driving unwrapping module, a self-adaptive setting module and a closed-loop control module, in the operation process of a secondary winding loop of the current transformer, a nanosecond time synchronization reference is established, a phase reference baseline is locked, current vector trajectories are continuously collected based on the time synchronization reference and the phase reference baseline, and a discrete phase residual image is constructed. According to the method, through high-precision time synchronization, phase disturbance excitation, sparse modeling identification, driving unwrapping and self-adaptive setting control, hysteresis oscillation of the secondary circuit of the current transformer is accurately identified and suppressed, the fault diagnosis accuracy and the system stability are remarkably improved, and the limitation of a traditional method in the aspects of identification sensitivity and response capability is broken through.

The invention provides a transformer substation secondary circuit intelligent identification method based on multi-scale large-kernel attention YOLOV8, aiming at the requirements of the transformer substation secondary circuit intelligent identification field on identification accuracy and model lightweight in a small sample environment, and the transformer substation secondary circuit intelligent identification method comprises the following steps: carrying out data enhancement and label labeling on original drawing data; a YOLOV8 based on transfer learning is adopted as a backbone network of a model, pre-training and fine tuning are carried out on a large-scale data set, MAB is introduced, an MLKA module is designed based on a large kernel structure and a multi-scale gating mechanism, the gating mechanism and space attention are combined to propose a GSAU, a training set is input into an MLKA-YOLO network model for training learning, and an MLKA-YOLO network model is constructed. After training is completed, a test set is input to carry out secondary circuit terminal strip identification, based on a Paddle OCR framework, line name identification of the terminal strip is realized by using a cyclic convolutional neural network, and a line information comparison library is constructed by using the identified line content.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrics, and discloses an electrical secondary circuit defect systematic detection method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, exquisite construction of an adaptive function detection device, step 2, deep fusion of a novel sensor and a leading edge detection technology, and step 3, robust construction and efficient cooperative operation of a distributed detection system. The method has the advantages that by means of fusion of a multi-element high-precision sensor and an advanced detection technology, the insulation detection precision reaches the millimeter level, the electrical parameter error is reduced by 80%, milliampere-level current changes can be captured, potential faults can be accurately pulled out, a self-adaptive mechanism covers electrical and environmental factors, and under the conditions that the temperature ranges from-40 DEG C to 70 DEG C, the humidity ranges from 10% to 95% and 0.05-15 times of rated load fluctuation, the insulation detection precision reaches the millimeter level; intelligent parameter adjustment is achieved, the false alarm rate is reduced to be within 2% from 20%, a distributed architecture is combined with intelligent diagnosis, the detection period is shortened to 10 minutes per time, fault positioning is shortened to 30 minutes from 4 hours, and the first-aid repair time efficiency and the power supply reliability are greatly improved.

An electric machine is provided. A transformer comprises a magnetic coupling. A wound field synchronous machine comprises a rotor winding, a secondary circuit of the transformer electrically connected to the rotor winding, and a stator winding. The secondary circuit comprises a secondary winding, a rectifier electrically, a switch for switching voltage between the rotor winding and the rectifier in a first direction, and an energy storage arranged to store energy provided by the rectifier and the rotor winding and provide a voltage to the rotor winding in a second direction. A power converter is coupled between the power supply and the wound field synchronous machine. The power converter comprises a stator winding power supply arranged to provide multiple phase AC excitation to the stator winding and a primary circuit of the transformer comprising a primary winding arranged to provide AC power to the primary winding.

The invention discloses a comprehensive testing device for a high-voltage circuit breaker, and the device comprises a main control module which is connected with a power control module, a secondary detection module, a jump sampling module, and an auxiliary power module. The secondary detection module is respectively connected with the jump sampling module, the port protection module and the heavy load connector; the auxiliary power supply module is connected with the power supply control module and the jump sampling module. The port protection module is connected with the time test port. The power supply control module is connected with the jump sampling module, the heavy load connector, the sensor port, the external synchronization port and the return resistance test port. The invention further discloses a comprehensive testing method for the high-voltage circuit breaker. According to the comprehensive testing device, the functions of circuit breaker mechanical characteristic testing, circuit breaker secondary loop detection and circuit breaker loop resistance testing are integrated into the same device, the circuit breaker can be detected only by completing wiring between the circuit breaker and the comprehensive testing device, operation is convenient, and the testing result is accurate and is not affected by the personnel level.

The invention discloses a low-voltage power distribution anti-misoperation device which comprises an anti-reverse power transmission module, an anti-misoperation module, a power regulation anti-misoperation auxiliary module, an interaction control screen and a state logic switching module. The invention discloses a low-voltage power distribution anti-misoperation method and device, and the method and device can effectively eliminate the above problems through an anti-reverse power transmission module, an anti-misoperation module and a power adjustment anti-misoperation auxiliary module, have the functions of preventing reverse power transmission and preventing power failure of a user caused by manual operation, and have a locking function when a line does not meet a loop closing condition. On the basis that an original secondary loop is provided with three locks and two keys, three heat reverse connection points are added, the device keeps the original three-lock and two-key protection function of a power supply company, and the intelligent heat reverse loop closing operation function is achieved. Therefore, the five-prevention function under the condition that the electric operation cannot be realized due to the defects of the device or the electrical secondary circuit can be met.

The invention belongs to the technical field of pole-mounted circuit breakers in power systems, and particularly relates to a pole-mounted circuit breaker integrating electricity taking and traveling wave distance measurement. The high-voltage fuse is connected with an integrated capacitor or a high-voltage sampling capacitor, and the high-voltage sampling capacitor is arranged on a wire inlet side and a wire outlet side; the integrated capacitor is arranged on the wire inlet side in the A-phase solid-sealed polar pole and the B-phase solid-sealed polar pole, and is arranged on the wire outlet side in the C-phase solid-sealed polar pole; the integrated capacitor is connected with the secondary circuit module in the box body, the capacitors C2 and C3 are connected with the transformer T2 in series, the power frequency electricity taking transformer T1 is connected to the C2 and C3 in parallel, and the secondary side of the T1 is connected with the electricity taking circuit; the protection circuit is connected to the C3 in parallel; and the traveling wave acquisition circuit is connected with the secondary side output winding of the T2. According to the invention, self-power-taking power supply for the power distribution terminal and acquisition of voltage and current traveling wave signals for fault point positioning judgment are realized, the operation efficiency and reliability of the power distribution network are improved, and powerful guarantee is provided for construction of the intelligent power distribution network.

The invention discloses a secondary circuit intelligent modeling method and system based on a visual language model, and belongs to the technical field of power system automation, and the method comprises the steps: recognizing and extracting primitives and symbols in a secondary circuit of a transformer substation, and constructing a primitive library; acquiring corresponding first visual language data in the primitive library through a primitive recognition and classification module; performing further deep learning identification on the first visual language data to obtain second visual language data; and carrying out secondary electric loop modeling through the second visual language data and carrying out visual display. The method breaks through a traditional method based on rule and template matching; unified management of models and effective integration of data are achieved, the problems that information is isolated and data are difficult to share are solved, a foundation is laid for development of a digital asset management system and establishment of an integrated application interface, the automation degree of engineering drawing recognition and modeling is improved, and the requirements of a modern electric power system for efficient and accurate automatic modeling are met.

A power supply system (5) for a plurality of electrolyzers (2, 3, 4) is proposed. The power supply system (5) comprises: - main input terminals (6) intended to be connected to a grid (G), - an AC / AC power converter (7), - a control circuit (10), - a plurality of supply branches (12, 13, 14), - each supply branch (12, 13, 14) comprising a branch transformer (21, 22, 23) including a primary circuit connected to input terminals (15, 16, 17) of the said supply branch and at least one secondary circuit, and at least one rectifier (24, 25, 26) connected to the secondary circuit of the branch transformer, the rectifier comprising output terminals (30, 31, 32) connected to a set of output terminals (18, 19, 20) of the said supply branch to supply the output terminals of the said supply branch with a DC current.

The invention discloses a bidirectional CLLC resonant converter with a wide input and output voltage range, and relates to the technical field of bidirectional DC / DC converters in the field of switching power supplies. According to the bidirectional CLLC resonant converter, bidirectional switching bridge arms are added to a primary circuit and a secondary circuit in a conversion main circuit respectively; the control circuit performs pulse frequency control on a switching tube in the LLC resonant network and also performs duty ratio control on the bidirectional switching bridge arm circuit, so that the gain range of the resonant converter can be further widened on the basis of performing pulse frequency control on the LLC resonant network, and meanwhile, the whole-process soft switching can be realized, and the reliability of the resonant converter is improved. And the efficiency of the converter is improved.

A safety circuit for a high-voltage electrical traction system comprising a plurality of electric machines. The safety circuit comprises a primary high voltage interlock loop (HVIL) circuit configured to be connected to a battery and for each of the plurality of electric machines, a secondary high voltage interlock loop (HVIL) circuit, wherein each secondary HVIL-circuit is controlled by a corresponding switch unit configured to break the secondary HVIL-circuit if a fault in a corresponding electric machine is detected, and wherein the switch unit comprises a trigger device configured to break the primary HVIL-circuit if the switch unit is opened.

The present disclosure provides a three-level rectification DC / DC converter including primary and secondary circuits and a resonant tank circuit. A voltage between two primary terminals is a first voltage. The secondary circuit includes two clamping switches, a switch bridge arm, and a capacitor bridge arm. The switch bridge arm includes four switches serially connected. The two clamping switches are connected in series between a node between the first and second switches and a node between the third and fourth switches. Two secondary terminals are respectively connected between the second and third switches and connected between two output capacitors of the capacitor bridge arm. A node between the two clamping switches is connected between the two output capacitors. The second and third switches are at least in an on state for a preset time length after falling and rising edges in a period of the first voltage respectively.

A method and circuit for controlling a bidirectional resonant direct-current converter are provided. The method includes obtaining an input and / or output electrical parameter of the converter; determining respective delay time periods of bridge arms in the secondary circuit based on the input and / or output electrical parameter and a desired gain of the converter; determining a switching frequency to be greater than a resonant frequency of the resonant tank based on the input and / or output electrical parameter and a preset reference signal; and turning off, in response to a secondary resonant current of the converter reaching zero, corresponding switching transistors of the switching transistors in the secondary circuit immediately after the respective delay time periods starting from a zero-crossing point; and turning on other switching transistors complementary to the turned-off switching transistors in the secondary circuit immediately after a dead time.

The present invention discloses a bidirectional active balanced BMS circuit, including a battery pack with n single cells, n identical secondary circuits, a transformer T1, a primary circuit and a control chip U10, wherein the transformer T1 includes a primary winding with a first tap, a second tap and a third tap and n secondary windings with a first tap, a second tap and a third tap, wherein the primary winding is connected to the primary circuit, and the n secondary windings are respectively connected to one side of the n identical secondary circuits, and the other side of the n secondary circuits are respectively connected to the n single cells in parallel, where n≥2. A control method for a bidirectional active balanced BMS circuit is also disclosed. The present invention transfers the energy of a single cell with slightly higher energy to a battery with slightly lower energy through an energy storage link in the form of bidirectional charging and discharging, thereby realizing active balancing and effectively reducing energy loss.

The invention provides an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction online monitoring method for the abnormity of a secondary circuit of a voltage transformer, and the method comprises the steps: collecting the time sequence voltage data of the voltage transformer in real time, segmenting the data according to a time window, obtaining a time-domain and frequency-domain high-dimensional data sample set in each time window, giving consideration to the time-domain characteristics of the data and the frequency-domain characteristics under an abnormal condition, and achieving the online monitoring of the abnormity of the secondary circuit of the voltage transformer. According to the method, a time domain similarity matrix and a frequency domain similarity matrix are constructed, feature vectors of the similarity matrixes are extracted and dimensionality reduction is carried out, finally, normal and abnormal moment data are distinguished by using an unsupervised Gaussian mixture model method, normal and abnormal transformer secondary circuits can be accurately distinguished by using KL divergence, and more accurate abnormal secondary circuit positioning is realized. And the normal operation of the power system is further ensured.

A metal detector includes a detection disc, a detection rod rotationally connected to the detection disc, a protective sleeve detachably connected within the detection rod, and electronic components housed within the protective sleeve. The electronic components include a main circuit board extending along the length of the protective sleeve and a secondary circuit board perpendicular to the main circuit board, positioned near the opening of the protective sleeve. On the side of the secondary circuit board facing the interior of the detection rod, there is a detection disc socket. The detection disc includes a coil, a waterproof cable connected to the coil, and a detection disc plug located at the end of the waterproof cable. The waterproof cable and detection disc plug extend into the detection rod, allowing the detection disc plug to be inserted into the detection disc socket.

The invention discloses a current control method of a resonant circuit, the resonant circuit and energy storage inversion equipment, the resonant circuit comprises a primary circuit, a secondary circuit, a resonant inductor and a resonant capacitor, the primary circuit is connected to the secondary circuit through the resonant inductor, the resonant capacitor is connected in parallel with the secondary circuit, the primary circuit is used for connecting a DC side, and the secondary circuit is used for connecting a DC side. The secondary circuit is used for connecting an AC side; the current control method comprises the following steps: acquiring a resonant current amplitude of a resonant inductor, a power grid voltage of a power grid and a voltage gain ratio of a primary side circuit to a secondary side circuit; obtaining a target gain ratio according to the power grid voltage and the voltage gain ratio; under a preset soft switching constraint condition, obtaining a corresponding value of the resonance current amplitude based on the target gain ratio as a target current effective value; and adjusting working parameters of the primary circuit and the secondary circuit according to the target current effective value. Harmonic distortion of a current waveform pair in the resonant circuit can be reduced, so that electromagnetic interference is reduced, and the quality of electric energy output by the resonant circuit is improved.

The invention discloses a multi-loop natural circulation coupling heat removal experiment system, which relates to the technical field of nuclear reactor safety, and is characterized by comprising an integrated pressure vessel, an energy conversion and residual heat removal integrated design loop, a condenser cooling water loop, a thermal insulation material and a measuring instrument, the heat insulation material coats the heat extraction experiment system and is used for reducing energy leakage; and the measuring instrument is arranged on the heat extraction experiment system and is used for measuring and monitoring the flow, the temperature, the pressure and the liquid level. Research is carried out on an integrated pressure container designed in a marine nuclear power source and an energy conversion and waste heat removal integrated system, and three natural circulations are formed in a secondary loop and a condenser seawater section in the integrated pressure container respectively; all natural circulations are coupled into a whole through a steam generator heat transfer pipe and a condenser heat transfer pipe, and waste heat of a reactor core is discharged through coupling of multiple natural circulations, so that shutdown safety of a nuclear reactor is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a 24-hour uninterrupted electric energy monitoring method for secondary circuit voltage drop, relates to the technical field of electric energy metering, and solves the problems that errors exist in electric energy metering and fault early warning and positioning are not timely. The method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out on-site investigation on a monitoring position, and determining the position and the number of monitoring points; 2, carrying out 24-hour uninterrupted on-line real-time metering or detection on a detected point by arranging an abnormal mode self-identification module; 3, electric energy data of the electric power system is monitored in real time through a secondary circuit electric energy monitoring module, and the secondary circuit electric energy monitoring module comprises the steps that 4, voltage and current signals output by a monitoring point are collected through an LoRa / NB-IoT module, the monitored data information is transmitted to a monitoring center or a cloud platform in real time at a transmission interval less than or equal to 1 minute; according to the invention, the electric energy monitoring capability is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a nuclear power plant secondary side cleanliness evaluation and radiation shielding method. The method comprises the following steps that S1, whole secondary circuit system equipment of a steam generator is washed; s2, full-coverage cleanliness inspection is carried out in the range from a filter screen of the electric main water feeding pump system to the secondary side of the steam generator, and meanwhile, if foreign matter is found, a cleaning tool is used for picking up the foreign matter; s3, evaluating the cleanliness condition, and if the cleanliness is qualified, ending; if the cleanliness is not qualified, returning to the step S1; s4, if the foreign matter falls off after the steam generator runs, stopping the equipment, and filling the secondary side of the steam generator with water to a preset position for reducing the radiation dose; and S5, picking up foreign matters by using a cleaning tool. Full-coverage cleanliness inspection is carried out in the range from the filter screen of the electric main feed pump system to the secondary side of the steam generator, effective verification of the secondary loop foreign matter flushing effect and radiation shielding when necessary are achieved, and foreign matter remaining on the secondary side of the steam generator is avoided.

The invention provides a secondary side open circuit monitoring and protection system of a current transformer, which relates to the field of current transformers and comprises an open circuit monitoring module, an open circuit protection execution module, a signal output module and a monitoring terminal, in the real-time mode, when the secondary side loop of the current transformer has an open-circuit fault, the open-circuit monitoring module can quickly and accurately identify that the voltage value of the secondary side is abnormally increased, and once the voltage value exceeds a preset open-circuit voltage threshold value, a control signal is immediately output. The open circuit protection execution module responds to the control signal and automatically switches on a first wiring terminal and a second wiring terminal on the secondary side of the current transformer, so that a secondary side loop is effectively switched on again, potential safety hazards such as high-voltage discharge and rapid heating caused by open circuit are avoided, and an execution action signal is output at the same time. The system is also provided with a signal output module, and the signal output module can respond to an execution action signal and output an open circuit monitoring signal, thereby achieving the real-time monitoring of an open circuit fault.

The embodiment of the invention provides a multi-output isolated power supply, which comprises a power transformer comprising a single primary side coil and a single secondary side coil; a switch driving circuit coupled to the primary coil to output a driving voltage to the primary coil based on the input voltage; a rectification circuit coupled to the secondary coil and configured to rectify a voltage across the secondary coil to output a first DC voltage at a first rectified voltage output end and a second DC voltage at a second rectified voltage output end; and an output unit coupled to the first rectified voltage output terminal and the second rectified voltage output terminal, the output unit comprising one or more low dropout linear regulator circuits, where an output terminal of a predetermined low dropout linear regulator circuit is coupled to the secondary circuit ground, the output unit is configured to output at least one positive voltage and at least one negative voltage with a voltage at an output terminal of a predetermined low dropout linear regulator circuit as a reference.

An AC-AC converter is provided. The AC-AC converter includes a primary circuit, a secondary circuit, a transformer, a resonant tank, and a controller. The primary circuit includes four bidirectional switches, each including upper and lower switches connected back-to-back and capable of operating in four quadrants in a voltage-current plane. The first and fourth bidirectional switches operate synchronously, and the second and third bidirectional switches operate synchronously. When the input voltage is greater than a predefined threshold voltage, the first and second lower switches are maintained in an on state, and the first and second upper switches operate with PWM signals and are complementary to each other. When the input voltage is smaller than an additive inverse of the predefined threshold voltage, the first and second upper switches are maintained in the on state, and the first and second lower switches operate with PWM signals and are complementary to each other.

A power stage includes a control device and a power transistor, the control device comprising a primary circuit comprising: a control module able to generate a control current, a primary circuit malfunction detector able to detect a malfunction, a pulse transformer comprising a primary winding connected to the primary circuit, comprising a secondary winding connected to the secondary circuit, magnetically coupled to the primary winding and able to generate, from the control current, an induced pulse current making it possible to drive the power transistor, a secondary circuit comprising: a power and fault detection controller able to detect a malfunction of the secondary circuit or of the power transistor, the power and fault detection controller being able to communicate the malfunction of the secondary circuit or of the power transistor to the primary circuit malfunction detector.

The present invention discloses a nanocrystalline current transformer with DC component resistance and a method for using the same, comprising: a current transformer having a magnetic core hole extending from front to back in the middle of the front side of the current transformer. The device is provided with a secondary-side disconnection detection and protection mechanism, which effectively prevents the internal magnetic field imbalance of the transformer caused by the disconnection of the secondary circuit, avoids the core magnetic flux saturation and the generation of potential high electromotive force, thereby protecting the transformer itself and peripheral equipment, and reducing the risk of power system failures such as fire or short circuit. At the same time, a live conductor centering fixing mechanism is provided to ensure the stable centering position of the conductor in the transformer core hole, optimize the magnetic field distribution, reduce magnetic leakage, significantly improve the accuracy and stability of current measurement, and reduce measurement fluctuations introduced by conductor shaking, providing more accurate data support for harmonic analysis, fault detection, and power quality monitoring of the power system.

The invention provides a flexible adjusting unit loop inspection method and device and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of power systems. The flexible adjusting unit loop inspection method comprises the following steps: collecting a current signal in a secondary loop of a current transformer in real time; edge calculation analysis is carried out in the unit, and state information of the secondary circuit is determined based on the current signal; when the secondary circuit is in the abnormal state, an abnormal event reporting mechanism is started, and the abnormal event reporting time does not exceed 5 minutes. According to the flexible adjusting unit loop inspection method provided by the invention, the current signal is analyzed through real-time acquisition and edge calculation, the state of the secondary loop in the power system is quickly identified, and the abnormity is reported in time, so that the problems of delay, slow response and strong dependence of traditional monitoring are solved, and the timeliness and stability of fault processing of the power system are improved.