Stereospecific linkages double stranded RNA agents and compositions
Chirally modified internucleotide linkages in dsRNA strands improve nuclease resistance and gene silencing potency by reducing phosphorothioate backbone modifications, addressing degradation and specificity issues in oligonucleotides.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/110030
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-23
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Oligonucleotides face challenges such as degradation by endo-and exonucleases and the need for precise chiral control to enhance properties like nuclease resistance and target specificity, which current modifications struggle to address effectively.
The introduction of chirally modified internucleotide linkages, particularly at the terminal ends of dsRNA strands, reduces the number of phosphorothioate backbone modifications while maintaining or improving in vivo pharmacological properties and gene-silencing potency.
This approach enhances the stability of dsRNA agents against nucleases and maintains or improves gene silencing potency, addressing the challenges of degradation and specificity in existing oligonucleotide technologies.
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Figure CN2025110030_29012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Stereospecific linkages double stranded RNA agents and compositionsField
[0001] The present disclosure provides oligonucleotides comprising a modified nucleotide having one or more chirally enriched internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, the chirally enriched phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages be incorporated into oligonucleotide to enhance one or more properties, such as nuclease resistance, pharmacokinetics, or affinity for a target mRNA.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] In recent years, oligonucleotides have attracted great interest in the development of nucleic acid medicaments. From the standpoints of high selectivity to target genes and low toxicity, development of nucleic acid medicaments using RNA interference or "RNAi" techniques has been actively progressed. The so-called "RNAi" oligonucleotide has a nucleic acid sequence sufficiently complementary to a target sequence in the gene expression product (such as dsRNA, ASO, mRNA, miRNA, etc. ) , and can be utilized to form a duplex with this target sequence and alter the level and activity of the gene expression product. RNAi are characterized in that oligonucleotides (, e.g. dsRNA) , complementary to the subsequence of mRNA (or sense strand) of the target gene are introduced into the cell to selectively alter or inhibit the expression of the protein encoded by the target gene.
[0003] However, despite the great promise of the oligonucleotides, several challenges remain. First, oligonucleotides are generally subject to degradation in the cellular milieu due to endogenous endo-and exonucleases. Second, it is generally required that oligonucleotides have a high specificity toward the intended target nucleic acid so as to avoid disruption of activity of unintended native sequences. Various workers have attempted to identify combinations of linkage groups and / or structural modifications for oligonucleotides have been described having improved oligonucleotide RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activation, binding affinity, nuclease resistance and / or target specificity., etc. such as modifications of sugar, base, and / or internucleotide linkages or patterns thereof, can have significant impact on oligonucleotide.
[0004] Another reported while naturally phosphodiester linkages (PO) “backbone” of the oligonucleotides, being charged, are suitable to allow activation of RNaseH and / or RISC, they suffer from the disadvantage of being subject to degradation by naturally occurring endo-and / or exonucleases. In order to achieve RNaseH activation, a variety of alternative linkage groups, some of which are nuclease-resistant, have been developed or proposed for use with oligonucleotides. Among these are phosphorus-based linkage groups that have been reported, such as phosphorothioate (PS) , phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenate, phosphorodise reported lenate alkylphosphonate (e.g., methylphosphonate) , aryl phosphonate, alkyl and aryl phosphoramidate, alkyl and aryl phosphotriester, hydrogen phosphonate, boranophosphate, alkyl and aryl phosphonothioate, phosphoromorpholidate, and phosphoropiperazidate linkers, others Non-phosphorus-based linkage groups have also been reported, including peptide, morpholino, ethylene glycol, amide, and other linkers. However, the stability of the no naturally phosphorus-based linkage groups of oligonucleotides to nucleases can be affected by the absolute stereochemical configurations of the chiral phosphorus atoms. For example, Nucleic Acids Research, 2022, Vol. 50, No. 3, 1221–1240, WO2019 / 126651, WO2020 / 072883, WO2021234459, and WO202349218, these reported that controlling the stereochemistry of no naturally phosphorus-based internucleotide linkages can alter the properties of a modified oligonucleotide. For example, site specific introduction of (Sp) or (Rp) phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages into the central region of a modified oligonucleotide can enhance the properties of the modified oligonucleotide. For example, in certain embodiments, site specific introduction of (Sp) or (Rp) phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages into the central region of a modified oligonucleotide can mitigate toxicity of an otherwise cytotoxic modified oligonucleotide having a stereorandom configuration at the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. There remains, however, these modified oligonucleotides generate a large number of chiral controls cause industrial difficulties and a need in the art more precise chiral control for oligonucleotides with improved properties for use in connection with the above-described applications.SUMMARY
[0005] This invention provides more effective stereochemical solution for oligonucleotides (e.g., a dsRNA agents) , which are advantageous for inhibition of target gene expression, as well as RNAi compositions suitable for therapeutic use. The invention has discovered that by selecting the chirality of phosphorus atom of internucleotide linkage (s) at the terminal of a modified dsRNA, the number of internucleotide phosphorothioate backbone modifications within each strand of dsRNA agent may be reduced while simultaneously maintaining or improving the in vivo pharmacological properties and gene-silencing properties, such as the stability of dsRNA agents against nucleases and gene silencing potency (RISC loading) .
[0006] In one aspect, the invention relates to a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent capable of inhibiting the expression of a target gene, the chirally modified dsRNA agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, the chirally modified dsRNA agent comprises at least one chirally modified internucleotide linkages.
[0007] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises chirally modified internucleotide linkages may be site-specific, e.g., at terminal of a strand.
[0008] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the 5' end, 3' end, or both the 5' end and 3' end of each strand.
[0009] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur on antisense strand. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the 5' end, 3' end, or both the 5' end and 3' end of antisense strand. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the 5' end of antisense strand. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the 3' end of antisense strand.
[0010] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first, second or both first and second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand (counting from the 5' end) . In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand (counting from the 5' end) . In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand (counting from the 5' end) , and the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic (counting from the 3' end) . In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage only occurs at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand; the rest of the internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0011] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first, second or both first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand (counting from the 3' end) . In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage only occurs at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand; the rest of the internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0012] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprise chirally modified internucleotide linkages being bonded together by bonds including asymmetric phosphorus atoms, and absolute configurations of the asymmetric phosphorus atoms being regulated. In certain embodiments, the chirally modified internucleotide linkages having an asymmetric phosphorus atom are in either an alpha or a beta configuration, and combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the chirally modified internucleotide linkages having an asymmetric phosphorus atom are in either Rp or Sp configuration, and combination thereof. Said asymmetric phosphorus atom internucleotide linkages occur at the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent described above.
[0013] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the beta configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the beta configuration; and at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage only occurs at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the beta configuration; the rest of the internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0014] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the alpha configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkages asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the alpha configuration; the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may comprise terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the alpha configuration; the rest of the internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0015] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the Rp configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the Rp configuration; and at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage only occurs at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the Rp configuration; the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0016] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the Sp configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkages asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the Sp configuration; at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may comprise terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage only occurs at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is in the Sp configuration; the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0017] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages independently have the structure of Formula I:
[0018] P is an asymmetric phosphorus atom;
[0019] is P (=W) , P-B (-LL-RL) 3;
[0020] W is O, S, N (-LL-RL) , N-C (-LL -R') (=LN-R') or Se;
[0021] LN is =N-LL1, =CH-LL1-wherein CH is optionally substituted, or N+ (R' (Q-) -LL1-;
[0022] Q-is an anion;
[0023] Each of X, Y and Z is independently -O-, -S-, -N (-LL-RL) -, -N-C (-LL -R') (=LN-R') -, or LL;
[0024] Each RL is independently -LL, -R'or -N=C (-LL-R') ;
[0025] LL1 and LL is independently -L;
[0026] L independently is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted, linear or branched group selected from C1-C30 aliphatic group, and C1-C30 hetetroaliphatic group having 1-10 heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylene, C1-C6 alkenylene, -C (R') 2, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -N (R') -, --C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR') -, -C (O) N (R') -, -N (R') C (O) N (R') -, -N (R') C (O) -, -N (R') C (O) O-, -OC (O) N (R') -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R') -, -N (R') S (O) 2-, -SC (O) -, -C (O) S-, -OC (O) -, or -C (O) O-;
[0027] each R′ is independently -R, -C (O) R, -CO2R, or -SO2R;
[0028] each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C30 aliphatic, C1-C30 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-C30 aryl, C6-C30 aryl aliphatic, C6-C30 aryl heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, 5-30 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, or 5-30 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms; or two R groups are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond, or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-30 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-10 heteroatoms; or two or more R groups on two or more atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted, 3-30 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-10 heteroatoms;
[0029] -Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent ring selected from phenylene, carbocyclylene, arylene, heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene;
[0030] represents covalent single bond or double bond;
[0031] each independently represents a connection to a nucleoside.
[0032] In certain embodiments, each independently connection to a first nucleoside is through 3'-carbon and connection to the second nucleoside is through 5'-carbon of the sugar and vice versa.
[0033] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages independently have the structure of Formula I and the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is either in the alpha or beta configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises chirally terminal modified internucleotide linkages independently have the structure of Formula I and the chirally modified internucleotide linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is either in the Rp or Sp configuration.
[0034] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes at least one phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage having the phosphorus atom chiral centers. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5'end of antisense strand, wherein the phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Rp configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5'end of antisense strand, wherein the phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Rp configuration; at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Rp configuration; the rest of the internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0035] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein the phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Sp configuration. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Sp configuration; at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3'end of antisense strand, wherein phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Sp configuration; the rest of the internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0036] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent, wherein the sense strand includes at least one phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. In some embodiments, the antisense strand includes at least one phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. In some embodiments, the sense strand includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, the antisense strand includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, at the 5' end of antisense strand includes 2 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, at the 3' end of antisense strand includes 2 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, the antisense strand includes 3 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, at the 5' end of antisense strand includes 1 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, at the 3' end of antisense strand includes 2 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate linkages, and / or at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is a phosphorothioate linkages, optionally the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are phosphodiester linkages (PO) . In certain embodiments, at first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic, at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Rp configuration, at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is an achiral phosphodiester linkage (PO) ; the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic. In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are racemic phosphorothioate linkages; and at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is a Rp phosphorothioate linkage, optionally the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) . In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand are racemic phosphorothioate linkages, and at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is a Sp phosphorothioate linkage, optionally the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) .
[0037] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent has two blunt ends. In some embodiments, the dsRNA molecule a blunt end at 5'-end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, the dsRNA agent a blunt end at 3'-end of the antisense strand. In some embodiments, at least one strand includes a 3’ overhang of at least 1 nucleotide. In some embodiments, at least one strand includes a 3’ overhang of at least 2 nucleotides.
[0038] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand can be partially, substantially, or fully complementary to each other. In some embodiments, the dsRNA comprises a duplex region of 12-40 nucleotide pairs in length. In some embodiments, the dsRNA comprises a duplex region of 18-25 nucleotide pairs in length. In some embodiments, the dsRNA comprises a duplex region of 21-23 nucleotide pairs in length. In some embodiments, the dsRNA comprises a duplex region of 21 nucleotide pairs in length.
[0039] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is no more than 40 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is no more than 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is no more than 23 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 19-25 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 20-25 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 21-25 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 21-23 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 25 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 24 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 23 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 22 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 21 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 20 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 19 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein each strand is 18 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length, antisense strand is 20 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein sense strand is 23 nucleotides in length, antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length.
[0040] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes at least one modified nucleotide. In certain embodiments, all or substantially all of the nucleotides of the sense strand and antisense strand are modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, at least one of the modified nucleotides comprises: 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, 2’-fluoro nucleotide, 2’-deoxy nucleotide, 2’ 3’-seco nucleotide mimic, locked nucleotide, unlocked nucleic acid nucleotide (UNA) , glycol nucleic acid nucleotide (GNA) , 2’-F-Arabino nucleotide, 2’-methoyxyethyl nucleotide, abasic nucleotide, ribitol, inverted nucleotide, inverted abasic nucleotide, inverted 2’-Ome nucleotide, inverted 2’-deoxy nucleotide, isomannide nucleotide, 2’-amino-modified nucleotide, 2’-alkyl-modified nucleotide, mopholino nucleotide, and 3’-OMe nucleotide, a nucleotide including a 5’-phosphorothioate group, a nucleotide comprising 5'-phosphate mimic, or a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, a 2’-amino-modified nucleotide, a phosphoramidite, or a non-natural base including nucleotide.
[0041] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes an 5'-phosphate mimic nucleotide at the 5′-end of the guide strand.
[0042] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes an E-vinylphosphonate nucleotide at the 5′-end of the guide strand.
[0043] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes an 5'-phosphate mimic include the follow structure:
[0044] wherein: Q8 is O, S, SO, SO2,
[0045] Ra and Rc are each independently selected from hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, sulfhydryl or protected sulfhydryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, protected or optional Substituted amino, natural or modified nucleosides;
[0046] and Rb is O or S or NR12, R12 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, amino protecting group;
[0047] Q1 and Q2 are each independently H, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; Each is bonded to the 4'-carbon or 5'-carbon of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety of nucleoside.
[0048] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes an 5'-phosphate mimic nucleoside at the 5′-end of the guide strand select from the following structures:
[0049] indicates the linkage to the remainder of the 5'-terminal nucleotide.
[0050] In some embodiments, all or substantially all of the nucleotides of the sense strand and the antisense strand are modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-fluoro nucleotide and an UNA modified nucleotide, wherein less than 6 modified nucleotides are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-fluoro nucleotide and an UNA modified nucleotide, wherein less than 8 modified nucleotides are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 3 or 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides, preferably, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, wherein less than 4 modified nucleotides are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In certain embodiments, the sense strand comprises 3 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, wherein at least 14 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14, 16 and / or 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end of the antisense strand are independently a 2’-fluoro nucleotide. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises at least one UNA modified nucleotide and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, preferably, wherein at least 18 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 9, 11 and / or 13 counting from the first matching position of the 3’ end of the sense strand are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises at least 18 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 8, 11 and / or 13 counting from the first matching position of the 3’ end of the sense strand are 2’-fluoro nucleotides.
[0051] In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises no more than 6 2’-fluoro nucleotides, wherein at positions 2 and 14 are 2’-fluoro nucleotides counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end.
[0052] In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 3 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6 and 14 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 4 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 4 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 4, 6, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 7, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 8, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 6, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 8, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 3, 7, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6, 10, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 4 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 6 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 4, 6, 7, 12 and 14 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 6 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 7, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 6 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 8, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 6 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6, 9, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 6 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 6, 8, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 7 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, 16 and 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 7 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 14 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 7 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 7 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 8 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end.
[0053] In some embodiments, the antisense strand is modified with alternating 2′O-methyl modifications and 2’-fluoro modifications, wherein positions 2 and 14 on the antisense strand starting from the 5′ end are modified with 2’-fluoro modifications.
[0054] In some embodiments, the remaining modifications of antisense strand are 2′O-methyl modifications.
[0055] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent wherein the sense strand and the antisense strand form a dsRNA duplex, wherein said sense strand is complementary to the antisense strand, wherein said antisense strand comprises a region of complementarity to a RNA transcript, wherein the region of complementarity comprises at least 15 contiguous nucleotides, wherein the dsRNA duplex comprises represented by formula (II) :
[0056] sense: 5′- (N′L) n′N′L N′L N′L N′L N′F N′L N′F N′L N′N1 N′N2 N′L N′L N′L N′L N′L (N′L) m′-3′
[0057] antisense: 3′- (NL) n NM1 NL NM2 NL NF NL NM3 NM4 NL NL NL NM5 NL NM6 NL NL NF Nz-5′
[0058] (II)
[0059] wherein:
[0060] each strand is about 18 to about 30 nucleotides in length;
[0061] each NF and N′F independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide; NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, NM6, N′N1, and N′N2 each independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide; each Nz, NL, and N′L independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide but not a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide, and m′, n′and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.
[0062] In some embodiments, NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, and NM6 have only three 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotides, N′N1 and N′N2 include only one 2'-Fluorine modified nucleotides.
[0063] In some embodiments, m′ is 2 and n′ is 4, m′ is 2 and n′ is 6, or m′ is 2 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, m′ is 1 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 1 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, m′ is 0 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 0 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, n is 1, or n is 2, or n is 3, or n is 5.
[0064] In some embodiments, N′N1 independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0065] In some embodiments, N′N2 independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0066] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM5 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0067] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM5 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0068] In some embodiments, NM1, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0069] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0070] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0071] In some embodiments, NM1, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0072] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0073] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0074] In some embodiments, the modified nucleotide is a modified nucleotide defined above.
[0075] In some embodiments, Nz a nucleotide comprising 5'-phosphate mimic.
[0076] In some embodiments, NZ represents a 5'-phosphonate modified nucleotide, preferably, wherein said nucleotide comprising vinyl phosphonate.
[0077] In some embodiments, Nz is VPu*, which has the structure
[0078] In some embodiments, Nz is any one selected from the group consisting of or their stereoisomers or racemates.
[0079] wherein each phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage configuration variable is as defined above.
[0080] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes at least one modified nucleotide and further includes one or more targeting groups or linking groups. In some embodiments, the one or more targeting groups or linking groups are conjugated to the sense strand. In certain embodiments, the dsRNA agent includes a targeting group that is conjugated to the 5’-terminal end of the sense strand. In some embodiments, the dsRNA agent includes a targeting group that is conjugated to the 3'-terminal end of the sense strand.
[0081] In some embodiments, the targeting group or linking group includes N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) .
[0082] In some embodiments, the targeting group has a structure:
[0083] n" are independently selected from 1 or 2.
[0084] In certain embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent, the sense strand includes one or two inverted abasic residues and / or one or two imann residues at 3’ or / and 5’ terminal end. In certain embodiments, each end of the sense strand includes one inverted abasic residue. In certain embodiments, each end of the sense strand includes one imann residue. In some embodiments, one or more inverted abasic residues or one or more imann residues conjugate to either end or both ends of the sense strand via phosphorothioate linkages. In some embodiments, the targeting group further conjugates to either end of the sense strand via a phosphorothioate linkage. In some embodiments, the targeting group further conjugates to 5’-end of the sense strand via a phosphorothioate linkage. In certain embodiments, the sense strand includes one inverted abasic residue or imann residues at the 5' terminal end of the sense strand, wherein inverted abasic residue or imann residues is linked to an adjacent nucleotide via a phosphorothioate linkage to the 5' terminal end of the nucleotide sequence of the sense strand. In certain embodiments, the sense strand further includes targeting group linked to an inverted abasic residue or an imann residue at the 5' terminal end of the sense strand, wherein targeting group is linked to an adjacent inverted abasic residue or imann via a phosphorothioate linkage, and optionally targeting group is N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) .
[0085] In one embodiment, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises one or more lipophilic moieties conjugated to one or more terminal or internal positions on at least one strand, such as via a linker or carrier. In one embodiment, the internal positions include all positions except the terminal two positions from each end of the at least one strand. In another embodiment, the internal positions include all positions except the terminal three positions from each end of the at least one strand. In one embodiment, the internal positions exclude a cleavage site region of the sense strand. In one embodiment, the internal positions exclude a cleavage site region of the antisense strand. In one embodiment, the one or more lipophilic moieties are conjugated to one or more of the internal positions selected from the group consisting of positions 4-8 and 13-18 on the sense strand counting from the first matching position of 3’ end of sense strand, and positions 6-10 and 15-18 on the antisense strand, counting from the first matching position of 5’ end of antisense strand. In another embodiment, the one or more lipophilic moieties are conjugated to one or more of the internal positions selected from the group consisting of positions 5, 6, 15, 16, and 17 on the sense strand counting from the first matching position of 3’-end of sense strand, and positions 15 and 17 on the antisense strand counting from the first matching position of 5’-end of antisense strand. In one embodiment, the internal positions in the double stranded region exclude a cleavage site region of the sense strand. In one embodiment, the sense strand is 21 nucleotides in length, the antisense strand is 21 nucleotides in length, and the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to position 21, position 20, position 15, position 1, position 7, position 6, or position 2 of the sense strand or position 16 of the antisense strand counting from the first matching position of 5’ end of antisense strand. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to position 1, position 2, position 7, position 21, or position 15 of the sense strand counting from the first matching position of 3’ end of sense strand. In another embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to position 1, position 2, or position 7 of the sense strand counting from the first matching position of 3’ end of sense strand. In yet another embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to position 2 or position 7 of the sense strand counting from the first matching position of 3’ end of sense strand. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to position 16 of the antisense strands counting from the first matching position of 5’ end of antisense strand.
[0086] In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is an aliphatic, alicyclic, or polyalicyclic compound. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is selected from the group consisting of lipid, cholesterol, retinoic acid, cholic acid, adamantane acetic acid, 1-pyrene butyric acid, dihydrotestosterone, 1, 3-bis-O (hexadecyl) glycerol, geranyloxyhexyanol, hexadecylglycerol, borneol, menthol, 1, 3-propanediol, heptadecyl group, palmitic acid, myristic acid, O3- (oleoyl) lithocholic acid, O3- (oleoyl) cholenic acid, dimethoxytrityl, or phenoxazine. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety contains a saturated or unsaturated C4-C30 hydrocarbon chain, and an optional substituted functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amine, carboxylic acid, sulfonate, phosphate, thiol, azide, and alkyne. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety contains a saturated or unsaturated C6-C18 hydrocarbon chain. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety contains a saturated or unsaturated C16 hydrocarbon chain. In one embodiment, the saturated or unsaturated C16 hydrocarbon chain is conjugated to position 15 or 16, counting from the 5’-end of the strand. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated via a carrier that replaces one or more nucleotide (s) in the internal position (s) or the double stranded region. In one embodiment, the carrier is a cyclic group selected from the group consisting of pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, [1, 3] dioxolanyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridazinonyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and decalinyl; or is an acyclic moiety based on a serinol backbone or a diethanolamine backbone. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to the double-stranded iRNA agent via a linker containing an ether, thioether, urea, carbonate, amine, amide, maleimide-thioether, disulfide, phosphodiester, sulfonamide linkage, a product of a click reaction, or carbamate. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to a nucleobase, sugar moiety, or internucleosidic linkage. In one embodiment, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated via a bio-linker selected from the group consisting of DNA, RNA, disulfide, amide, functionalized monosaccharides or oligosaccharides of galactosamine, glucosamine, glucose, galactose, mannose, and combinations thereof.
[0087] In another aspect, the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the chirally-modified dsRNA agent as defined herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0088] In another aspect, the invention provides a method for inhibiting the expression of a target gene in a subject, comprising the step of administering the chirally-modified dsRNA agent as defined herein to the subject in an amount sufficient to inhibit expression of the target gene. The chirally-modified dsRNA agent may be administered through subcutaneous or intravenous administration.
[0089] Another aspect of the invention provides a method for delivering the dsRNA agents to a specific target in a subject through subcutaneously, intraocularly, intravitreally, intrathecally or intravenous (IV) administration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0090] FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating an example of one embodiment of the double-stranded nucleic acid (i.e., AD01734) complex according to the present disclosure. In the figure, the labels "R" and "S" denote Rp and Sp configuration of the linkage phosphorus atom, unless otherwise indicated and the label "mix" denotes achiral or racemic mixture of the configurations.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0091] This invention provides effective stereochemical solution for dsRNA agents optionally conjugated to at least one ligand, which are advantageous for inhibition of target gene expression, as well as RNAi compositions suitable for therapeutic use. The inventors discovered new chemical entities that are particular stereoisomers of oligonucleotides of interest. That is, this invention provides substantially pure preparations of a dsRNA agent comprising a specific pattern of backbone chiral centers (i.e., a specific pattern of chiral linkage phosphorus stereochemistry (α / β or Rp / Sp) ) .
[0092] The embodiments of the invention demonstrate that individual stereoisomers of a chirally-modified dsRNA agent can show different stability and / or activity from each other. For instance, the stability improvements achieved through inclusion of chirally-modified internucleotide linkages at site specific (e.g., terminal) location (s) of an oligo-nucleotide (e.g., a dsRNA agent) can be comparable to, or even better than those achieved through use of modified backbone linkages, bases, and / or sugars (e.g., through use of certain types of modified phosphates, 2-modifications, base modifications, etc. ) . Also, the activity improvements achieved through inclusion dsRNA agent can be comparable to, or even better than those achieved through use of modified backbone linkages, bases, and / or sugars (e.g., through use of certain types of modified phosphates, 2 -modifications, base modifications, etc. ) .
[0093] As used herein, Chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent: This term accurately describes nucleic acids or other molecules that have been chemically altered to have a specific chiral configuration or an enrichment of one enantiomer. For phosphorothioates, "chirally modified" indicates that the modification involves controlling the chiral center at the phosphorus atom to obtain a desired enantiomeric composition. Acceptability: the term "chirally modified" is widely accepted and used to describe molecules where chirality plays a significant role in their biological activity or physical properties.
[0094] The invention provides substantially chirally pure preparations of individual stereoisomers of the chirally modified dsRNA agents. The phrase "chirally pure" is used to describe a chirally controlled oligonucleotide (e.g., a chirally-modified dsRNA agent) that exists in a single diastereomeric form with respect to a chiral center (e.g., the chiral linkage phosphorus atom (s) of site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally modified internucleotide linkage (s) ) . The chiral purity of the chirally controlled oligonucleotide (e.g., a chirally-modified dsRNA agent) may be measured by ds-purity (diastereoselectivity) , i.e., the percentage of the major diastereomer in a diastereomeric mixture. For instance, the chiral purity of a chirally-modified dsRNA agent with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus atom (s) may be measured by ds-purity (diastereoselectivity) with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus atom (s) . One way of characterizing the chiral purity of the chiral (asymmetric) linkage phosphorus atom (s) is “alpha” or “beta” configuration; another way of characterizing the chiral (asymmetric) linkage phosphorus atom (s) is “Rp” or “Sp” configuration.
[0095] As used herein, one way of characterizing the chiral (asymmetric) internucleotide linkage (s) ) with phosphorus atom chiral centers using “alpha” and / or “beta” configuration be defined as follows. Non-limiting examples, in formula I-1 with phosphorus atom chiral centers at the intersection center of the horizontal and vertical planes. Demonstrated in the figure below, the atoms attaching directly to phosphorus atom from substituent group, M (=W, and in this non-limiting example, W is O) and Z (connected to nucleoside 5'-carbon) , are depicted as in the horizontal plane defined by M–P–Z. The plane defined by M–P–Z serves as the reference plane to describe the relative position of the other two substituent groups of phosphorous atom. The atoms attaching directly to phosphorus atom from substituent group Y (connect to nucleoside 3'-carbon) and group -X-RL are depicted as in the vertical plane defined by Y-P- (X-RL) . When group Y (connected to nucleoside 3'-carbon) is depicted as in the relative position below the reference horizontal plane, and group -X-RL is depicted as in the relative position above the reference horizontal plane, the chiral phosphorus atom is defined as in “beta” configuration; When group Y (connected to nucleoside 3'-carbon) is depicted as in the relative position above the reference horizontal plane, and group -X-RL is depicted as in the relative position below the reference horizontal plane, the chiral phosphorus atom is defined as in “alpha” configuration; the labels "α" and "β" in all the strand denote alpha and beta configuration of the linkage phosphorus atom, as shown in Formula I-1 and I-2.
[0096] In a particular embodiment, in the formula I, when is P=W , W is O be depicted as horizontal of the phosphorus atom substituents, group Z connect to nucleoside 5' carbon is -O-be depicted as horizontal of the phosphorus atom substituents, O=P–O-define the reference plane , group Y as connect to nucleoside 3'carbon is -O-be depicted as vertical of the phosphorus atom substituents, group -X-RL is -SH (or its anion) be depicted as vertical of the phosphorus atom substituents , as we know, such internucleotide linkage in the formula I is converted into an phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage, the chiral phosphorus atom be defined as alpha and / or beta configuration as shown in Formula I-3.
[0097] In some embodiments, one or more terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkage independently has the structure of Formula I -4, Formula I -5, Formula I -6, Formula I -7, Formula I -8, Formula I -9.
[0098] wherein each variable and configuration are as defined above.
[0099] As used herein, non-limiting examples, another way of characterizing the chiral (asymmetric) phosphorothioates linkage phosphorus atom (s) using the traditional IUPAC R-Ssystem nomenclature. In the present disclosure, regulating an absolute configuration of phosphorus to the R-configuration may be called regulating to "Rp" , and regulating an absolute configuration to the S-configuration may be called regulating to "Sp" . In the chirally-modified dsRNA agent, the (Rp) and / or (Sp) phosphorothioates connects two nucleotides to form a dinucleotide, each nucleotide of a dinucleotide connected by the site specific (e.g., terminal) , dinucleotide comprise one or more of (Rp) and / or (Sp) phosphorothioates the following formulas, respectively, wherein "B" indicates a nucleobase, the labels "R" and "S" in all the strand denote Rp and Sp configuration of the linkage phosphorus atom:
[0100] In some embodiments, the absolute configuration of the chiral (asymmetric) phosphorothioates of R-configuration based on IUPAC R-Ssystem nomenclature is equivalent to beta-configuration defined by the “alpha” and “beta” nomenclature system in this application, and based on the same principle, the absolute configuration of the S-configuration is equivalent to alpha-configuration.
[0101] Unless otherwise indicated, the internucleotide linkages of modified oligonucleotides (e.g., a chirally-modified dsRNA agent) described herein can be stereorandom or in a particular stereochemical configuration or racemic or achiral. Such chirally enriched populations of modified oligonucleotides can be generated using synthetic methods known in the art, e.g., methods described in Oka et al., JACS 125, 8307 (2003) , Wan et al. Nuc. Acid. Res. 42, 13456 (2014) , Nucleic Acids Research, 2022, Vol. 50, No. 3 1221–1240, and WO 2017 / 015555. In some embodiments, internucleotide linkages of modified oligonucleotides (e.g., a chirally-modified dsRNA agent) described herein can be achiral (e.g., a phosphodiester linkage (PO) is achiral)
[0102] The chiral purity with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus atom for each terminal, chirally modified internucleotide linkage is at least 50%, for instance, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or virtually 100%. At least some of the nucleosides in at least one region are selected from the group consisting of the terminal regions and the middle region bonded together by bonds including asymmetric phosphorus atoms, and absolute configurations of the asymmetric phosphorus atoms being regulated. wherein at least some of the nucleosides in the middle region are bonded by bonds including asymmetric phosphorus atoms, and an absolute configuration of each asymmetric phosphorus atom is regulated to an Sp-configuration or an Rp-configuration. or bonds including asymmetric phosphorus atoms in which an absolute configuration of each asymmetric phosphorus atom is not regulated.
[0103] Non-limiting examples, internucleotide linkages including asymmetric phosphorus atoms has the structure of e.g., of formula I-n, as described in WO2014 / 012081, WO 2018 / 223056, WO 2018 / 223073, WO 2018 / 223081, WO 2018 / 237194, WO2019 / 126651, WO 2019 / 032607, WO 2019 / 055951, WO 2019 / 075357, WO 2019 / 200185, WO 2019 / 217784, WO 2019 / 032612, WO2020257194, WO2021237223, WO2021 / 092371, and / or WO202349218 etc. wherein phosphorus atoms asymmetric configuration. Exemplary chirally modified internucleotide phosphorus linkages are described further herein. Non-limiting examples, internucleotide linkages including asymmetric phosphorus atoms as illustrated in the following table: each of the chiral pure phosphorus atoms may be in either Rp / Sp configuration, and combination thereof. Non-limiting examples, internucleotide linkages including asymmetric phosphorus atoms as illustrated in the following table: each of the chiral pure phosphorus atoms may be in either alpha / beta configuration, and combination thereof.
[0104] Non-limiting examples, dinucleotide comprise one or more of internucleotide linkages including asymmetric phosphorus atoms may be in either alpha configuration or beta configuration as following formulas, wherein "B" indicates a nucleobase:
[0105] wherein each variable is as defined above.
[0106] Unless otherwise specified, description of oligonucleotides and elements thereof (e.g., base sequence, sugar modifications, internucleotide linkages, linkage phosphorus stereochemistry, patterns thereof, etc. ) is from 5’ to 3’ , with the 5’ terminal nucleotide identified as the “+1” position and the 3’ terminal nucleotide identified either by the number of nucleotides of the full sequence or by “N” , with the penultimate nucleotide identified, e.g., as “N-1” , and so on. As those skilled in the art will appreciate. For instance, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages may occur at first internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is between the 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand; a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages may occur at the second internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, wherein at the second internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand between the 5’ terminal (+2) nucleotide and the immediately downstream (+3) nucleotide of antisense strand. For instance, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages may occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is between the between the 3’ terminal nucleotide and the penultimate (N-1) nucleotide; a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages may occur at the second internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, wherein at second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand between the penultimate (N-1) nucleotide and the immediately upstream, i.e., in the 5’ direction (N-2) nucleotide.
[0107] In certain embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate linkage occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage phosphorus is Rp configuration (counting from the 5' end) , at first the internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic (counting from the 3' end) ; used interchangeably to refer a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprise chirally-modified phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage between the 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand phosphorus is Rp configuration, internucleotide linkage between the between the 3’ terminal nucleotide and the penultimate (N-1) nucleotide at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic.
[0108] In the chiral purity of the chirally controlled dsRNA each strand, the labels "R" and "S" in all the strand denote Rp and Sp configuration of the linkage phosphorus atom, the labels "α" and "β" in all the strand denote alpha and beta configuration of the linkage phosphorus atom, and the label "mix" denotes achiral or racemic mixture of the configurations.
[0109] The chiral purity of the chirally controlled dsRNA agent may also be characterized at the dsRNA level. For instance, a chirally-modified dsRNA agent that has the same two site specific (e.g., i) one site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally-modified internucleotide linkage towards the 5' end of the antisense strand, and ii) one site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally-modified internucleotide linkage towards the 3' end of the antisense strand) , chirally-modified internucleotide linkages as discussed above has four diastereomeric forms: R-R, R-S, S-R, or S-S, each designating a single diastereomeric form with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus atoms of the chirally-modified internucleotide linkages. For instance, a chirally-modified dsRNA agent that has the same only one site specific (e.g., i) one site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally modified internucleotide linkage towards the 5' end of the antisense strand, and ii) others site specific is racemic. (e.g., terminal) , internucleotide linkage towards the 3'end of the antisense strand) , chirally modified internucleotide linkages as discussed above has two diastereomeric forms: R-mix, or S-mix, each designating a single diastereomeric form with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus atoms of the chirally-modified internucleotide linkages. Alternatively, the chiral purity of the chirally controlled oligonucleotide may be characterized at the dinucleotide level. For instance, a chirally-modified dsRNA agent that has the same two site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally modified internucleotide linkages as discussed above can be considered as having a dinucleotide building block containing a chirally-modified internucleotide linkage at each of the two terminal positions. Each of the two dinucleotide building blocks thus has two diastereomeric forms: R or S, each designating a single diastereomeric form with respect to the chiral linkage phosphorus atom of the chirally modified internucleotide linkage. If a R diastereoisomer for a dinucleotide building block has a ds-purity of 95%, for instance, this means the percentage of the R diastereoisomer in the dinucleotide building block is 95%. In some embodiments, the chiral purity of a chirally controlled oligonucleotide (e.g., a chirally-modified dsRNA agent) can be controlled by stereo selectivity of each coupling step in its preparation process. For instance, if a coupling step has a stereoselectivity (e.g., diastereoselectivity) of 60% (60%of the new internucleotide linkage formed from the coupling step has the intended stereochemistry) , the new internucleotide linkage formed after such a coupling step may be referred to as having a 60%chiral purity. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or at least 99.5%. In some embodiments, each coupling step has a stereoselectivity of virtually 100%, for instance, virtually all detectable products from the coupling step by an analytical method (e.g., NMR, HPLC, etc. ) have the intended stereoselectivity.
[0110] In one embodiment, the chirally-modified dsRNA agent includes at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, at least ten, or all of the above criteria. The chirally-modified dsRNA agent comprises three or more site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally modified internucleotide linkages as described above.
[0111] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent may include a sense and antisense sequence that have no-unpaired nucleotides or nucleotide analogs at one or both terminal ends of the dsRNA agent. An end with no unpaired nucleotides is referred to as a “blunt end” and as having no nucleotide overhang. If both ends of a dsRNA agent are blunt, the dsRNA is referred to as “blunt ended. ” In some embodiments of the invention, a first end of a dsRNA agent is blunt, in some embodiments a second end of a dsRNA agent is blunt, and in certain embodiments of the invention, both ends of a dsRNA agent are blunt.
[0112] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, the dsRNA does not have one or two blunt ends. In such instances there is at least one unpaired nucleotide at the end of a strand of a dsRNA agent. For example, when a 3'-end of one strand of a dsRNA extends beyond the 5'-end of the other strand, or vice versa, there is a nucleotide overhang. A dsRNA can comprise an overhang of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more nucleotides. A nucleotide overhang can comprise or consist of a nucleotide / nucleoside analog, including a deoxynucleotide / nucleoside. It will be understood that in some embodiments a nucleotide overhang is on a sense strand of a dsRNA agent, on an antisense strand of a dsRNA agent, or on both ends of a dsRNA agent and nucleotide (s) of an overhang can be present on the 5' end, 3' end or both ends of either an antisense or sense strand of a dsRNA. In certain embodiments of the invention, one or more of the nucleotides in an overhang internucleotide linkages is replaced with a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage, wherein each phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage configuration variable is as defined above.
[0113] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) disclosed herein are comprised of a sense strand and an antisense strand, and include, but are not limited to short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) , RNAi agents, micro RNAs (miRNAs) , short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) , and dicer substrates. The antisense strand of the dsRNA agents described herein is at least partially complementary to the mRNA being targeted. It is understood in the art that different lengths of dsRNA duplex structure can be used to inhibit target gene expression. For example, dsRNAs having a duplex structure of 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 base pairs are known to be effective to induce RNA interference (Elbashir et al., EMBO 2001, 20: 6877-6888) . It is also known in the art that shorter or longer RNA duplex structures are also effective to induce RNA interference. In some embodiments, the sense strand and the antisense strand may be the same length or different lengths. In some embodiments, each strand is no more than 40 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, each strand is no more than 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, each strand is no more than 25 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, each strand is no more than 23 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, each strand is no more than 21 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the sense and antisense strands of the RNAi agents can each be 15 to 49 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the antisense strand is independently 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the length of the sense strand is independently 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, or 49 nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand and the antisense strand are both 21 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, each strand is 19 nucleotides in length, both ends of a dsRNA agent are blunt, wherein each phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage configuration variable is as defined above. In some embodiments, each strand is 21 nucleotides in length, both ends of a dsRNA agent are blunt, wherein each phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage configuration variable is as defined above. In some embodiments, each strand is 23 nucleotides in length, both ends of a dsRNA agent are blunt. Each of the embodiments described above in the the chirally-modified dsRNA agent relating to the site specific chirally-modified intemucleotide linkages applies to this aspect of the invention.
[0114] In some embodiments, the sense strand is complementary or substantially complementary to the antisense strand, and the region of complementarity is between 15 and 23 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the region of complementarity is 19-21 nucleotides in length. In some embodiments, the region of complementarity is 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, or 30 nucleotides in length.
[0115] Modifications
[0116] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is chemically modified to enhance stability and / or one or more other beneficial characteristics. Nucleic acids in certain embodiments of the invention may be synthesized and / or modified by methods well established in the art, for example, those described in “Current protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry, "Beaucage, S. L. et al. (Eds. ) , John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, N. Y., USA, which is incorporated herein by reference. Modifications that can be present in certain embodiments of dsRNA agents of the invention include, for example, (a) end modifications, e.g., 5' end modifications (phosphorylation, conjugation, inverted linkages, etc. ) 3' end modifications (conjugation, DNA nucleotides, inverted linkages, etc. ) , (b) base modifications, e.g., replacement with stabilizing bases, destabilizing bases, or bases that base pair with an expanded repertoire of partners, removal of bases (abasic nucleotides) , or conjugated bases, (c) sugar modifications (e.g., at the 2'position or 4'position) or replacement of the sugar, as well as (d) backbone modifications, including modification or replacement of the phosphodiester linkages. Specific examples of RNA compounds useful in certain embodiments of dsRNA agents, antisense polynucleotides, and sense polynucleotides of the invention include, but are not limited to RNAs comprising modified backbones or no natural internucleotide linkages. As a non-limiting example, an RNA having a modified backbone may not have a phosphorus atom in the backbone. RNAs that do not have a phosphorus atom in their internucleotide backbone may be referred to as oligonucleosides. In certain embodiments of the invention, a modified RNA has a phosphorus atom in its internucleotide backbone.
[0117] It will be understood that the term “RNA molecule” or “RNA” or “ribonucleic acid molecule” encompasses not only RNA molecules as expressed or found in nature, but also analogs and derivatives of RNA comprising one or more ribonucleotide / ribonucleoside analogs or derivatives as described herein or as known in the art. The terms “ribonucleoside” and “ribonucleotide” may be used interchangeably herein. An RNA molecule can be modified in the nucleobase structure or in the ribose-phosphate backbone structure, e.g., as described herein below, and molecules comprising ribonucleoside analogs or derivatives must retain the ability to form a duplex. As non-limiting examples, an RNA molecule can also include at least one modified ribonucleoside including but not limited to a 2'-O-methyl modified nucleoside, a nucleoside comprising a 5'phosphorothioate group, a terminal nucleoside linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, a locked nucleoside, an abasic nucleoside, a 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro modified nucleoside, a 2'-amino-modified nucleoside, 2'-alkyl-modified nucleoside, morpholino nucleoside, a phosphonamidite or a non-natural base comprising nucleoside, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments of the invention, an RNA molecule comprises at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or up to the full length of the TTR dsRNA agent molecule’s ribonucleosides that are modified ribonucleosides. The modifications need not be the same for each of such a plurality of modified ribonucleosides in an RNA molecule.
[0118] DsRNA agents of the invention may, in some embodiments comprise one or more independently selected modified nucleotide and / or one or more independently selected non-phosphodiester linkage. As used herein the term “independently selected” used in reference to a selected element, such as a modified nucleotide, non-phosphodiester linkage, etc., means that two or more selected elements can but need not be the same as each other.
[0119] As used herein, a “nucleotide base, ” “nucleotide, ” or “nucleobase” is a heterocyclic pyrimidine or purine compound, which is a standard constituent of all nucleic acids, and includes the bases that form the nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. A nucleobase may further be modified to include, though not intended to be limiting: universal bases, hydrophobic bases, promiscuous bases, size-expanded bases, and fluorinated bases. The term “ribonucleotide” or “nucleotide” may be used herein to refer to an unmodified nucleotide, a modified nucleotide, or a surrogate replacement moiety. Those in the art will recognize that guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil can be replaced by other moieties without substantially altering the base pairing properties of an oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide bearing such replacement moiety.
[0120] Modified RNA backbones can include, for example, phosphorothioates, chiral phosphorothioates, phosphorodithioates, phosphotriesters, aminoalkylphosphotriesters, methyl and other alkyl phosphonates including 3'-alkylene phosphonates and chiral phosphonates, phosphinates, phosphoramidates including 3'-amino phosphoramidate and aminoalkylphosphoramidates, thionophosphoramidates, thionoalkylphosphonates, thionoalkylphosphotriesters, and boranophosphates having normal 3'-5' linkages, 2'-5' linked analogs of these, and those) having inverted polarity wherein the adjacent pairs of nucleoside units are linked 3'-5' to 5'-3'or 2'-5' to 5'-2'. Various salts, mixed salts and free acid forms are also included. Means of preparing phosphorus-containing linkages are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents, certain modified antisense polynucleotides, and / or certain modified sense polynucleotides of the invention.
[0121] Modified RNA backbones that do not include a phosphorus atom therein have backbones that are formed by short chain alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleotide linkages, mixed heteroatoms and alkyl or cycloalkyl internucleotide linkages, or one or more short chain heteroatomic or heterocyclic internucleotide linkages. These include those having morpholino linkages (formed in part from the sugar portion of a nucleoside) ; siloxane backbones; sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone backbones; formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones; methylene formacetyl and thioformacetyl backbones; alkene containing backbones; sulfamate backbones; methyleneimino and methylenehydrazino backbones; sulfonate and sulfonamide backbones; amide backbones; and others having mixed N, O, S and CH2 component parts. Means of preparing modified RNA backbones that do not include a phosphorus atom are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents, certain modified antisense polynucleotides, and / or certain modified sense polynucleotides of the invention.
[0122] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) , such as, but not limited to: replacement of the sugar and the internucleotide linkage, i.e., the backbone, of the nucleotide units with novel groups. In such embodiments, base units are maintained for hybridization with an appropriate nucleic acid target compound. One such oligomeric compound, an RNA mimetic that has been shown to have excellent hybridization properties, is referred to as a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) . In PNA compounds, the sugar backbone of an RNA is replaced with an amide containing backbone, in particular an aminoethylglycine backbone. The nucleobases are retained and are bound directly or indirectly to aza nitrogen atoms of the amide portion of the backbone. Means of preparing RNA mimetics are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents of the invention.
[0123] Some embodiments of the invention include RNAs with phosphorothioate backbones and oligonucleosides with heteroatom backbones, and in particular -CH2-NH-CH2-, -CH2-N (CH3) -O-CH2- [known as a methylene (methylimino) or MMI backbone] , -CH2-O-N (CH3) -CH2-, -CH2-N (CH3) -N (CH3) -CH2-and -N (CH3) -CH2- [wherein the native phosphodiester backbone is represented as -O-P-O-CH2-] . Means of preparing RNAs with phosphorothioate backbones and oligonucleosides with heteroatom backbones are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents, certain antisense polynucleotides, and / or certain sense polynucleotides of the invention.
[0124] Modified RNAs can also contain one or more substituted sugar moieties of the invention may comprise one of the following at the 2'position: OH; F; O-, S-, or N-alkyl; O-, S-, or N-alkenyl; O-, S-or N-alkynyl; or O-alkyl-O-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl may be substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkyl or C2 to C10 alkenyl and alkynyl. Exemplary suitable modifications include O [ (CH2) nO] mCH3, O (CH2) nOCH3, O (CH2) nNH2, O (CH2) nCH3, O (CH2) nONH2, and O (CH2) nON [ (CH2) nCH3) ] 2, where n and m are from 1 to about 10. In other embodiments, dsRNAs include one of the following at the 2'position: C1 to C10 lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, O-alkaryl or O-aralkyl, SH, SCH3, OCN, Cl, Br, CN, CF3, OCF3, SOCH3, SO2CH3, ONO2, NO2, N3, NH2, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkaryl, aminoalkylamino, polyalkylamino, substituted silyl, an RNA cleaving group, a reporter group, an intercalator, a group for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of a dsRNA agent, or a group for improving the pharmacodynamic properties of a dsRNA agent, and other substituents having similar properties. In some embodiments, the modification includes a 2'-methoxyethoxy (2'-O-CH2CH2OCH3, also known as 2'-O- (2-methoxyethyl) or 2'-MOE) (Martin et al., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1995, 78: 486-504) i.e., an alkoxy-alkoxy group. Another exemplary modification is 2'-dimethylaminooxyethoxy, i.e., a O (CH2) 2ON (CH3) 2 group, also known as 2'-DMAOE, as described in examples herein below, and 2'-dimethylaminoethoxyethoxy (also known in the art as 2'-O-dimethylaminoethoxyethyl or 2'-DMAEOE) , i.e., 2'-O-CH2-O-CH2-N (CH2) 2. Means of preparing modified RNAs such as those described are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents of the invention.
[0125] Other modifications include 2'-methoxy (2'-OCH3) , 2'-aminopropoxy (2'-OCH2CH2CH2NH2) and 2'-fluoro (2'-F) . Similar modifications can also be made at other positions on the RNA of a dsRNA agent of the invention, particularly the 3'position of the sugar on the 3' terminal nucleotide or in 2'-5' linked dsRNAs, and the 5' position of 5' terminal nucleotide. dsRNA agents, may also have sugar mimetics such as cyclobutyl moieties in place of the pentofuranosyl sugar. Means of preparing modified RNAs such as those described are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents of the invention.
[0126] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) , include nucleobase (often referred to in the art simply as "base" ) modifications or substitutions. As used herein, “unmodified” or “natural” nucleobases include the purine bases adenine and guanine, and the pyrimidine bases thymine, cytosine and uracil. Modified nucleobases include other synthetic and natural nucleobases such as 5-methylcytosine (5-Me-C) , 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, 2-aminoadenine, 6-methyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-propyl and other alkyl derivatives of adenine and guanine, 2-thiouracil, 2-thiothymine and 2-thiocytosine, 5-halouracil and cytosine, 5-propynyl uracil and cytosine, 6-azo uracil, cytosine and thymine, 5-uracil (pseudouracil) , 4-thiouracil, 8-halo, 8-amino, 8-thiol, 8-thioalkyl, 8-hydroxyl anal other 8-substituted adenines and guanines, 5-halo, particularly 5-bromo, 5-trifluoromethyl and other 5-substituted uracils and cytosines, 7-methylguanine and 7-methyladenine, 8-azaguanine and 8-azaadenine, 7-deazaguanine and 7-daazaadenine and 3-deazaguanine and 3-deazaadenine. Additional nucleobases that may be included in certain embodiments of TTR dsRNA agents of the invention are known in the art, see for example: Modified Nucleosides in Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Medicine, Herdewijn, P. Ed. Wiley-VCH, 2008; The Concise Encyclopedia Of Polymer Science And Engineering, pages 858-859, Kroschwitz, J. L, Ed. John Wiley &Sons, 1990, English et al., Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 1991, 30, 613, Sanghvi, Y S., Chapter 15, dsRNA Research and Applications, pages 289-302, Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B., Ed., CRC Press, 1993. Means of preparing dsRNAs that comprise nucleobase modifications and / or substitutions such as those described herein are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents of the invention.
[0127] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention includes RNA modified to include one or more locked nucleic acids (LNA) . A locked nucleic acid is a nucleotide with a modified ribose moiety comprising an extra bridge connecting the 2' and 4' carbons. This structure effectively “locks” the ribose in the 3'-endo structural conformation. The addition of locked nucleic acids in a dsRNA agent of the invention may increase stability in serum, and to reduce off-target effects (Elmen, J. et al., (2005) Nucleic Acids Research 33 (1) : 439-447; Mook, O R. et al., (2007) Mol Canc Ther 6 (3) : 833-843; Grunweller, A. et al., (2003) Nucleic Acids Research 31 (12) : 3185-3193) . Means of preparing dsRNA agents that comprise locked nucleic acid (s) are routinely practiced in the art and such methods can be used to prepare certain modified dsRNA agents of the invention.
[0128] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, include at least one modified nucleotide, wherein the at least one modified nucleotide comprises: a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, 2’-Fluoro nucleotide, 2’-deoxy nucleotide, 2’ 3’-seco nucleotide mimic, locked nucleotide, 2’-F-Arabino nucleotide, 2’-methoyxyethyl nucleotide, 2’-amino-modified nucleotide, 2’-alkyl-modified nucleotide, mopholino nucleotide, and 3’-OMe nucleotide, a nucleotide comprising a 5’-phosphorothioate group, a nucleotide comprising vinyl phosphonate, a nucleotide comprising adenosine-glycol nucleic acid (GNA) , a nucleotide comprising thymidine-glycol nucleic acid (GNA) S-Isomer, a nucleotide comprising 2’-deoxythymidine-3’ phosphate, a nucleotide comprising 2’-deoxyguanosine-3’-phosphate, a nucleotide comprising 2’-deoxyadenosine-3’-phosphate, a nucleotide comprising 2’-deoxycytidine-3’-phosphate, a nucleotide comprising 2’-deoxyuridine-3’-phosphate, or a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, a 2’-amino-modified nucleotide, a phosphoramidate, or a non-natural base comprising nucleotide. In some embodiments, a dsRNA compound includes an E-vinylphosphonate nucleotide at the 5′ -end of the antisense strand, also referred to herein as the guide strand.
[0129] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, further comprise a 5’-phosphate mimic. Certain embodiments, 5′-phosphate mimics on the antisense strand of a RNAi agent. As used herein, a “5’-phosphate mimic” or “phosphonate mimic” refers to a phosphate analogs moiety corresponding to are bound to the 5'-carbon of the sugar moiety (or at a comparable position of a sugar surrogate replacement moiety) of a nucleotide (e.g., a ribose or deoxyribose or analog thereof) . Typically, the phosphate analog is a vinyl phosphonate, where the carbon atom of the vinyl phosphonate group is bound to the 4'-carbon of the sugar moiety or analog thereof. In other embodiments, the phosphate analog is Ethylphosphonate, cyclic phosphonate, oxymethylphosphonate, thiomethylphosphonate or an aminomethylphosphonate, where the carbon, oxygen, sulfur or amine atom of the thiomethyl group or the nitrogen atom of the aminomethyl group is bound to the 4'-carbon of the sugar moiety or analog thereof. In such instances, it is desirable to stabilize the phosphorous mimic against degradation or de-phosphorylation, which may inactivate the compound. Thus, in certain embodiments, oligonucleotides in which the 5′-phosphorous mimics have been stabilized are desired. In certain such embodiments, the phosphorous mimic is resistant to removal in biological systems, relative to unmodified nucleosides and / or the 5′-nucleoside is resistant to cleavage by nucleases. Suitable phosphate mimics are disclosed in, for example WO2011005860, WO2011 / 139702, WO2013 / 033230, WO2010 / 048585, WO2010 / 048549, WO2011 / 139699, WO2017214112, WO2018045317, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for the methods provided therein.
[0130] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes a 5'-phosphate mimic include the follow structure:
[0131] wherein: Q8 is O, S, SO, SO2,
[0132] Ra and Rc are each independently selected from hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, sulfhydryl or protected sulfhydryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, protected or optional Substituted amino, natural or modified nucleosides ;
[0133] and Rb is O or S or NR12, R12 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, amino protecting group;
[0134] Q1 and Q2 are each independently H, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl; each is bonded to the 4'-carbon or 5'-carbon of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety of nucleoside.
[0135] In certain embodiments, in the nucleoside of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety, the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety includes a 5 membered furanose ring, a non-furanose ring or 5-6 membered carbocyclic system or open system.
[0136] In certain embodiments, in the nucleoside of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety is morpholinyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, pyranyl, cyclohexahexol group. In certain embodiments, in the nucleoside of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety, the sugar moiety is a furanose. In certain embodiments, the nucleoside of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety includes an unlocked nucleobase analog (UNA) or a glycerol nucleobase analog (GNA ) . In certain embodiments, the nucleosides of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety include locked nucleic acid (LNA) or bridged nucleic acid (BNA) .
[0137] In certain embodiments, wherein the nucleoside of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety has the following structural formula:
[0138] wherein, M2 are independently C (q3) (q4) , C (q3) (q4) C (q5) (q6) ;
[0139] M3 are independently O, S, NR13, C (q7) (q8) , C (q7) (q8) C (q9) (q10) , C (q7) =C (q8) , OC (q7) (q8) ;
[0140] X1 is independently a chemical bond, O, S, NJ1 or CJ1J2 , wherein J1 and J2 are each independently hydrogen, halogen , sulfonyl, sulfinyl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-C6 alkynyl, optionally substituted C5 -C12 aryl, optionally substituted 5-12 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted 5-12 membered heterocycle;
[0141] X2 is independently CR15 or N;
[0142] X3 is independently a chemical bond, optionally substituted C1-C3 alkylene, SO, SO2, C (=O) , P (=O) R; R is OH, SH, C1-C6 alkyl, NH2 , NHSO2CH3 ;
[0143] Bx are independently heterocyclic base moieties;
[0144] R15 , q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, q6, q7, q8, q9 and q10 are independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, C1-C6 alkylsulfhydryl, O (CH2) 2-OCH3, CN, OC (=O) J5 , OC (=O) N (J5) (J6) and C (=O) N ( (J5 ) (J6 ) , J5 and J6 are independently H or C1-C6 alkyl;
[0145] R13 is each independently hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl.
[0146] In certain embodiments, each R15, q1, q2 , q3 , q4 , q5 , q6, q7 , q8 , q9 and q10 is independently selected from: hydrogen, fluorine, hydroxyl, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, O (CH2) 2-OCH3.
[0147] In certain embodiments, each R15, q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, q6, q7, q8, q9 and q10 is independently selected from: hydrogen.
[0148] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent includes an 5'-phosphate mimic nucleoside at the 5′-end of the guide strand select from the following structures:
[0149] indicates the linkage to the remainder of the 5'-terminal nucleotide.
[0150] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, wherein the sense strand comprises sequence may be represented by formula (II-1) :
[0151] 5′- (N′L) n′N′L N′L N′L N′L N′F N′L N′F N′L N′N1 N′N2 N′L N′L N′L N′L N′L (N′L) m′-3′ (II-1)
[0152] wherein: each N′F represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide; each N′N1 and N′N2 independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide; each N′L independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide but not a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide, and m′and n′are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.
[0153] In some embodiments, N′N1 and N′N2 include only one 2'-Fluorine modified nucleotides.
[0154] In some embodiments, N′N1 independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0155] In some embodiments, N′N2 independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0156] In some embodiments, m′ is 2 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 2 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, m′ is 1 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 1 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, m′ is 0 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 0 and n′ is 2.
[0157] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, wherein the antisense strand comprises sequence may be represented by formula (II-2) :
[0158] 3′- (NL) n NM1 NL NM2 NL NF NL NM3 NM4 NL NL NL NM5 NL NM6 NL NL NF Nz-5′(II-2)
[0159] wherein:
[0160] each NF represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide; each NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, and NM6 independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide; each NL and / or Nz independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide but not a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide, and n is an integer of 0 to 7.
[0161] In some embodiments, the modified nucleotide is a modified nucleotide defined above.
[0162] In some embodiments, Nz a nucleotide comprising 5'-phosphate mimic.
[0163] In some embodiments, NZ represents a 5'-phosphonate modified nucleotide, preferably, wherein said nucleotide comprising vinyl phosphonate.
[0164] In some embodiments, Nz is VPu*, which has the structure
[0165] In some embodiments, Nz is any one selected from the group consisting of or their stereoisomers or racemates.
[0166] In some embodiments, NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, and NM6 have only three 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotides.
[0167] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM5 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0168] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM5 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0169] In some embodiments, NM1, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0170] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0171] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0172] In some embodiments, NM1, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0173] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0174] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0175] In some embodiments, n is 1, or n is 2, or n is 3, or n is 5.
[0176] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, wherein the dsRNA duplex comprises represented by formula (II) :
[0177] sense: 5′- (N′L) n′N′L N′L N′L N′L N′F N′L N′F N′L N′N1 N′N2 N′L N′L N′L N′L N′L (N′L) m′-3′
[0178] antisense: 3′- (NL) n NM1 NL NM2 NL NF NL NM3 NM4 NL NL NL NM5 NL NM6 NL NL NF Nz-5′(II)
[0179] wherein:
[0180] each strand is about 18 to about 30 nucleotides in length;
[0181] each NF and N′F independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide; NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, NM6, N′N1, and N′N2 each independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide; each Nz, NL, and N′L independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide but not a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide, and m′, n′and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 7.
[0182] In some embodiments, NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, and NM6 have only three 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotides, N′N1 and N′N2 include only one 2'-Fluorine modified nucleotides.
[0183] In some embodiments, m′ is 2 and n′ is 4, m′ is 2 and n′ is 6, or m′ is 2 and n′ is 2.
[0184] In some embodiments, m′ is 1 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 1 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, m′ is 0 and n′ is 4, or m′ is 0 and n′ is 2. In some embodiments, n is 1, or n is 2, or n is 3, or n is 5.
[0185] In some embodiments, N′N1 independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0186] In some embodiments, N′N2 independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0187] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM5 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0188] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM5 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0189] In some embodiments, NM1, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0190] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0191] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide.
[0192] In some embodiments, NM1, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0193] In some embodiments, NM2, NM3 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0194] In some embodiments, NM2, NM4 and NM6 each independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide and NM5 represents an UNA modified nucleotide.
[0195] In some embodiments, the modified nucleotide is a modified nucleotide defined above.
[0196] In some embodiments, Nz a nucleotide comprising 5'-phosphate mimic.
[0197] In some embodiments, NZ represents a 5'-phosphonate modified nucleotide, preferably, wherein said nucleotide comprising vinyl phosphonate.
[0198] In some embodiments, Nz is VPu*, which has the structure
[0199] In some embodiments, Nz is any one selected from the group consisting of or their stereoisomers or racemates.
[0200] wherein each phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage configuration variable is as defined above.
[0201] In some embodiments, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, all or substantially all of the nucleotides of the sense strand and the antisense strand are modified nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-fluoro nucleotide and an UNA modified nucleotide, wherein less than 6 modified nucleotides are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 3 or 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides, preferably, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, wherein less than 4 modified nucleotides are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In certain embodiments, the sense strand comprises 3 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, wherein at least 14 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14, 16 and / or 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end of the antisense strand are independently a 2’-fluoro nucleotide. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises at least one UNA modified nucleotide and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, preferably, wherein at least 18 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 9, 11 and / or 13 counting from the first matching position of the 3’ end of the sense strand are 2’-fluoro nucleotides. In some embodiments, the sense strand comprises at least 18 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 8, 11 and / or 13 counting from the first matching position of the 3’ end of the sense strand are 2’-fluoro nucleotides.
[0202] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally-modified phosphorus of the chirally-modified phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is Rp configuration, the rest antisense strand of internucleotide linkages are achiral or racemic, 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotide.
[0203] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, include at least one modified nucleotide, wherein the at least one modified nucleotide comprises: abasic nucleotide, ribitol, inverted nucleotide, inverted abasic nucleotide, inverted 2’-OMe nucleotide, inverted 2’-deoxy nucleotide. It is known to skilled in art, including an abasic or inverted abasic nucleotide at the end of oligonucleotide enhances stability (Czauderna et al. Structural variations and stabilizing modifications of synthetic siRNAs in mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003; 31 (11) : 2705-2716. doi: 10.1093 / nar / gkg393) . In some embodiments, a TTR dsRNA compound includes one or more inverted abasic residues (invab) at either 3’-end or 5’-end, or both 3’-end and 5’-end. Exemplified inverted abasic residues (invab) include, but are not limited to the following:
[0204] In some embodiments of the invention a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, include at least one modified nucleotide, wherein the at least one modified nucleotide comprises: isomannide nucleotide or stereoisomer of said isomannide nucleotide. Specific examples of isomannide nucleotides or stereoisomers of said isomannide nucleotides include, but are not limited to:
[0205] wherein the phrase “Olig” each independently represents a polynucleotide moiety.
[0206] Exemplified isomannide residues (imann) include, but are not limited to, the following:
[0207] In certain embodiments, the isomannide nucleotides may further conjugate to one or more targeting groups or delivery molecules, such as GalNAc moieties. Specific examples of isomannide nucleotides conjugated to a GalNAc targeting ligand include, but are not limited to:
[0208] wherein the phrase "olig" each independently represents a polynucleotide moiety.
[0209] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, include at least one modified nucleotide, wherein at least one modified nucleotide comprises unlocked nucleic acid nucleotide (UNA) or / and glycol nucleic acid nucleotide (GNA) . It is known to skilled in art, UNA and GNA are thermally destabilizing chemical modifications, can significantly improves the off-target profile of a siRNA compound (Janas, et al., Selection of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs with limited off-target-driven rat hepatotoxicity. Nat Commun. 2018; 9 (1) : 723. doi: 10.1038 / s41467-018-02989-4; Laursen et al., Utilization of unlocked nucleic acid (UNA) to enhance siRNA performance in vitro and in vivo. Mol BioSyst. 2010; 6: 862–70) .
[0210] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, for example, but not limit to wherein lipophilic moiety contains a saturated or unsaturated C16 hydrocarbon chain (e.g., a linear C16 alkyl or alkenyl) . A lipophilic moiety included in any of the positions provided in the instant application. In some embodiments, the lipophilic moiety is conjugated to a nucleobase, sugar moiety, or internucleosidic linkage of the double-stranded iRNA agent. For example, a C16 moiety may be conjugated via the 2’-oxygen of a ribonucleotide as shown in the following structure:
[0211] As used herein, “lipophile” or “lipophilic moiety” broadly refers to any compound or chemical moiety having an affinity for lipids. One way to characterize the lipophilicity of the lipophilic moiety is by the octanol-water partition coefficient, logKow, where Kow is the ratio of a chemical’s concentration in the octanol-phase to its concentration in the aqueous phase of a two-phase system at equilibrium. The octanol-water partition coefficient is a laboratory-measured property of a substance. However, it may also be predicted by using coefficients attributed to the structural components of a chemical which are calculated using first-principle or empirical methods (see, for example, Tetko et al., J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 41: 1407-21 (2001) , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) . It provides a thermodynamic measure of the tendency of the substance to prefer a non-aqueous or oily milieu rather than water (i.e. its hydrophilic / lipophilic balance) . In principle, a chemical substance is lipophilic in character when its logKow exceeds 0.
[0212] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention, comprises chemically linking to the RNA one or more ligands, moieties or conjugates that enhance one or more characteristics of the dsRNA agent. Non-limiting examples of characteristics that may be enhanced are: dsRNA agent activity, cellular distribution, delivery of a dsRNA agent, pharmacokinetic properties of a dsRNA agent, and cellular uptake of the dsRNA agent. In some embodiments of the invention, a dsRNA agent comprises one or more targeting groups or linking groups, which in certain embodiments of dsRNA agents of the invention are conjugated to the sense strand. A non-limiting example of a targeting group is a compound comprising N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) . The terms “targeting group” , “targeting agent” , “linking agent” , “targeting compound” , “delivery molecule” , “delivery compound” and “targeting ligand” may be used interchangeably herein. In certain embodiments of the invention a dsRNA agent comprises a targeting compound that is conjugated to the 5'-terminal end of the sense strand. In certain embodiments of the invention a dsRNA agent comprises a targeting compound that is conjugated to the 3'-terminal end of the sense strand. In some embodiments of the invention, a dsRNA agent comprises a targeting group that comprises GalNAc. In certain embodiments of the invention a dsRNA agent does not include a targeting compound conjugated to one or both of the 3'-terminal end and the 5'-terminal end of the sense strand. In certain embodiments of the invention a dsRNA agent does not include a GalNAc containing targeting compound conjugated to one or both of the 5'-terminal end and the 3'-terminal end of the sense strand. the ASGPR ligand is one or more GalNAc derivatives attached through a monovalent, bivalent or trivalent branched linker, such as.:
[0213] n” are independently selected from 1 or 2.
[0214] Additional targeting and linking agents are well known in the art, for example, targeting and linking agents that may be used in certain embodiments of the invention include but are not limited to lipid moieties such as a cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acid. Sci. USA, 1989, 86: 6553-6556) , cholic acid (Manoharan et al., Biorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1994, 4: 1053-1060) , a thioether, e.g., beryl-S-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 660: 306-309; Manoharan et al., Biorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1993, 3: 2765-2770) , a thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1992, 20: 533-538) , an aliphatic chain, e.g., dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al., EMBO J, 1991, 10: 1111-1118; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990, 259: 327-330; Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75: 49-54) , a phospholipid, e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethyl-ammonium 1, 2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphonate (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36: 3651-3654; Shea et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1990, 18: 3777-3783) , a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol chain (Manoharan et al., Nucleosides &Nucleotides, 1995, 14: 969-973) , or adamantane acetic acid (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36: 3651-3654) , a palmityl moiety (Mishra et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995, 1264: 229-237) , or an octadecylamine or hexylamino-carbonyloxycholesterol moiety (Crooke et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277: 923-937) .
[0215] In some embodiments of the invention, a chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of the invention may comprise a ligand that alters distribution, targeting, or etc. of the dsRNA agent. In some embodiments of a composition comprising a dsRNA agent of the invention, the ligand increases affinity for a selected target, e.g., molecule, cell or cell type, compartment, e.g., a cellular or organ compartment, tissue, organ or region of the body, as, e.g., compared to a species absent such a ligand. A ligand useful in a composition and / or method of the invention may be a naturally occurring substance, such as a protein (e.g., human serum albumin (HSA) , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) , or globulin) ; a carbohydrate (e.g., a dextran, pullulan, chitin, chitosan, inulin, cyclodextrin or hyaluronic acid) ; or a lipid. A ligand may also be a recombinant or synthetic molecule, such as a synthetic polymer, e.g., a synthetic polyamino acid or polyamine. Examples of polyamino acids are a polylysine (PLL) , poly L-aspartic acid, poly L-glutamic acid, styrene-maleic acid anhydride copolymer, poly (L-lactide-co-glycolied) copolymer, divinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, N- (2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer (HMPA) , polyethylene glycol (PEG) , polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) , polyurethane, poly (2-ethylacryllic acid) , N-isopropylacrylamide polymers, or polyphosphazine. Example of polyamines include: polyethylenimine, polylysine (PLL) , spermine, spermidine, polyamine, pseudopeptide-polyamine, peptidomimetic polyamine, dendrimer polyamine, arginine, amidine, protamine, cationic lipid, cationic porphyrin, quaternary salt of a polyamine, or an alpha helical peptide.
[0216] A ligand included in a composition and / or method of the invention may comprise a targeting group, non-limiting examples of which are a cell or tissue targeting agent, e.g., a lectin, glycoprotein, lipid or protein, e.g., an antibody that binds to a specified cell type such as a kidney cell or a liver cell. A targeting group can be a thyrotropin, melanotropin, lectin, glycoprotein, surfactant protein A, Mucin carbohydrate, multivalent lactose, multivalent galactose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-gulucosamine multivalent mannose, multivalent fucose, glycosylated polyaminoacids, multivalent galactose, transferrin, bisphosphonate, polyglutamate, polyaspartate, a lipid, cholesterol, a steroid, bile acid, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin A, biotin, or an RGD peptide or RGD peptide mimetic.
[0217] Other examples of ligands include dyes, intercalating agents (e.g. acridines) , cross-linkers (e.g. psoralene, mitomycin C) , porphyrins (TPPC4, texaphyrin, Sapphyrin) , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., phenazine, dihydrophenazine) , artificial endonucleases (e.g. EDTA) , lipophilic molecules, e.g., cholesterol, cholic acid, adamantane acetic acid, 1-pyrene butyric acid, dihydrotestosterone, 1, 3-Bis-O (hexadecyl) glycerol, geranyloxyhexyl group, hexadecyl glycerol, borneol, menthol, 1, 3-propanediol, heptadecyl group, palmitic acid, myristic acid, O3- (oleoyl) lithocholic acid, O3- (oleoyl) cholenic acid, dimethoxytrityl, or phenoxazine) and peptide conjugates (e.g., antennapedia peptide, Tat peptide) , alkylating agents, phosphate, amino, mercapto, PEG (e.g., PEG-40K) , MPEG, [MPEG] 2, polyamino, alkyl, substituted alkyl, radiolabeled markers, enzymes, haptens (e.g., biotin) , transport / absorption facilitators (e.g., aspirin, vitamin E, folic acid) , synthetic ribonucleases (e.g., imidazole, bisimidazole, histamine, imidazole clusters, acridine-imidazole conjugates, Eu3+ complexes of tetraaza macrocycles) , dinitrophenyl, HRP, or AP.
[0218] A ligand included in a composition and / or method of the invention may be a protein, e.g., glycoprotein, or peptide, for example a molecule with a specific affinity for a co-ligand, or an antibody, for example an antibody, that binds to a specified cell type such as a cancer cell, endothelial cell, cardiac cell, or bone cell. A ligand useful in an embodiment of a composition and / or method of the invention can be a hormone or hormone receptor. A ligand useful in an embodiment of a composition and / or method of the invention can be a lipid, lectin, carbohydrates, vitamin, cofactos, multivalent lactose, multivalent galactose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-gulucosamine multivalent mannose, or multivalent fucose. A ligand useful in an embodiment of a composition and / or method of the invention can be a substance that can increase uptake of the dsRNA agent into the cell, for example, by disrupting the cell's cytoskeleton, e.g., by disrupting the cell's microtubules, microfilaments, and / or intermediate filaments. Non-limiting examples of this type of agent are: taxon, vincristine, vinblastine, cytochalasin, nocodazole, japlakinolide, latrunculin A, phalloidin, swinholide A, indanocine, and myoservin.
[0219] In some embodiments, a ligand attached to a dsRNA agent of the invention functions as a pharmacokinetic (PK) modulator. An example of a PK modulator that may be used in compositions and methods of the invention includes but is not limited to: a lipophiles, a bile acid, a steroid, a phospholipid analogue, a peptide, a protein binding agent, PEG, a vitamin, cholesterol, a fatty acid, cholic acid, lithocholic acid, dialkylglycerides, diacylglyceride, a phospholipid, a sphingolipid, naproxen, ibuprofen, vitamin E, biotin, an aptamer that binds a serum protein, etc. Oligonucleotides comprising a number of phosphorothioate linkages are also known to bind to serum protein, thus short oligonucleotides, e.g., oligonucleotides of about 5 bases, 10 bases, 15 bases or 20 bases, comprising multiple of phosphorothioate linkages in the backbone may also be used in compositions and / or methods of the invention as ligands.
[0220] In some embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0221] In some embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand having the linkage phosphorus atom in Rp confguration configuration, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0222] In some embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the linkage phosphorus atom in Rp confguration, chirally-modified internucleotide linkages independently have the structure of Formula I-6, and the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic,
[0223] wherein each variable is as defined above.
[0224] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, and the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.
[0225] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) ; optional has two blunt ends.
[0226] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) , the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic; optional has two blunt ends.
[0227] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) , the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic.
[0228] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic.
[0229] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; and has two blunt ends.
[0230] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkage (PO) , at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic; and has two blunt ends.
[0231] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic; and has two blunt ends.
[0232] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 21 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a phosphodiester linkages (PO) , at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0233] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 21 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0234] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 22 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0235] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 23 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0236] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 24 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0237] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 25 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0238] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 23 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) , at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0239] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 19 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the of rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) , at first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; and has two blunt ends.
[0240] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end of antisense, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides.
[0241] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides.
[0242] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 19-23 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration , the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) , at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.
[0243] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 19-23 nucleotides, wherein comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkages, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.
[0244] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 19-23 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.
[0245] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 21 nucleotides, wherein comprise terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkage, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.
[0246] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 19-23 nucleotides, wherein comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Sp configuration , the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand is a achiral phosphodiester linkages (PO) , at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; the antisense strand comprises 5’terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.
[0247] In a particular embodiments, the chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having length of 19-23 nucleotides, wherein comprise chirally-modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in Sp configuration , the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic; at the second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand is a racemic phosphorothioate linkages, at the first and second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages are racemic ; the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.
[0248] Each of the embodiments described above in the the chirally-modified dsRNA agent relating to the site specific chirally-modified internucleotide linkages applies to this aspect of the invention.
[0249] Definitions
[0250] As used herein, the terms “dsRNA agent” , “siRNA” , and “iRNA agent” are used interchangeably to agents that can mediate silencing of a target RNA, e.g., mRNA, e.g., a transcript of a gene that encodes a protein. For convenience, such mRNA is also referred to herein as mRNA to be silenced. Such a gene is also referred to as a target gene. In general, the RNA to be silenced is an endogenous gene or a pathogen gene. In addition, RNAs other than mRNA, e.g., tRNAs, and viral RNAs, can also be targeted.
[0251] As used herein, the term “oligonucleotide” refers to a nucleic acid molecule (RNA or DNA) for example of length less than 100, 200, 300, or 400 nucleotides. The phrase “linkage phosphorus” is used to indicate the phosphorus atom present in the internucleotide linkage, corresponding to the phosphorus atom of a phosphodiester of an internucleotide linkage as occurring in naturally occurring DNA and RNA. In some embodiments, a linkage phosphorus atom is in a modified internucleotide linkage (e.g., a modified phosphate linkage) , wherein each oxygen atom of a phosphodiester linkage is optionally and independently replaced by an organic or inorganic moiety. In some embodiments, a linkage phosphorus atom in one or more chirally-modified internucleotide linkages is chiral, designated by the P*atom in Formula I. In some embodiments, a linkage phosphorus atom in one or more internucleotide linkages is achiral or racemic.
[0252] The term “achiral” refers to internucleotide linkages that does not have handedness or chirality. (e.g., phosphodiester linkages (PO) does not have asymmetric phosphorus atom center.
[0253] The term “P-modification” refers to any modification at the linkage phosphorus other than a stereochemical modification. In some embodiments, a P-modification comprises addition, substitution, or removal of a pendant moiety covalently attached to a linkage phosphorus. In some embodiments, the “P-modification” is -X-RL wherein each of X, and RL is independently as defined and described herein.
[0254] The term “halo” refers to any radical of fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
[0255] The term “alkyl” refers to saturated and unsaturated non-aromatic hydrocarbon chains that may be a straight chain or branched chain, containing the indicated number of carbon atoms (these include without limitation propyl, allyl, or propargyl) , which may be optionally inserted with N, O, or S. For example, C1-C10 indicates that the group may have from 1 to 10 (inclusive) carbon atoms in it.
[0256] The term “alkoxy” refers to an -O-alkyl radical. The term “alkylene” refers to a divalent alkyl (i.e., -R-) . The term “alkylenedioxo” refers to a divalent species of the structure -O-R-O-, in which R represents an alkylene. The term “aminoalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with an amino. The term “mercapto” refers to an -SH radical. The term “thioalkoxy” refers to an -S-alkyl radical.
[0257] The term “aliphatic” or “aliphatic group” , as used herein, means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic hydrocarbon or bicyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as “carbocycle” “cycloaliphatic” or “cycloalkyl” ) , that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. In some embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-50 aliphatic carbon atoms, for instance, 1-10 aliphatic carbon atoms, 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms, 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms, 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms, 1-3 aliphatic carbon atoms, or 1-2 aliphatic carbon atoms. In some embodiments, “cycloaliphatic” (or “carbocycle” or “cycloalkyl” ) refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic C3-C10 hydrocarbon (e.g., a monocyclic C3-C6 hydrocarbon) that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule. Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl) alkyl, (cycloalkenyl) alkyl or (cycloalkyl) alkenyl.
[0258] The term “alkylene” refers to a bivalent alkyl group. An “alkylene chain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., - (CH2) n-, wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3. A substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below.
[0259] The term “alkenylene” refers to a bivalent alkenyl group. A substituted alkenylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one double bond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below.
[0260] The term “aryl” refers to a 6-carbon monocyclic or 10-carbon bicyclic aromatic ring system wherein 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent. The term “aryl” may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring. ” Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl, and the like, which may bear one or more substituents. Also included within the scope of the term “aryl, ” as it is used herein, is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like. The term “arylalkyl” or the term “aralkyl” refers to alkyl substituted with an aryl. The term “arylalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy substituted with aryl.
[0261] The term “cycloalkyl” as employed herein includes saturated and partially unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 12 carbons, for example, 3 to 8 carbons, and, for example, 3 to 6 carbons, wherein the cycloalkyl group additionally may be optionally substituted. Cycloalkyl groups include, without limitation, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl.
[0262] The term “heteroaryl” or “heteroar-” refers to an aromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic, 8-12 membered bicyclic, or 11-14 membered tricyclic ring system having 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S (e.g., carbon atoms and 1-3, 1-6, or 1-9 heteroatoms of N, O, or S if monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, respectively) , wherein 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent. The term also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring. Examples of heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, furyl or furanyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, thiophenyl or thienyl, quinolinyl, indolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido [2, 3-b] -1, 4-oxazin-3 (4H) -one and the like. The term “heteroarylalkyl” or the term “heteroaralkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with a heteroaryl. The term “heteroarylalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy substituted with heteroaryl.
[0263] The term “heterocyclyl, ” “heterocycle, ” “heterocyclic radical, ” or “heterocyclic ring” refers to a nonaromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic, 8-12 membered bicyclic, or 11-14 membered tricyclic ring system having 1-3 heteroatoms if monocyclic, 1-6 heteroatoms if bicyclic, or 1-9 heteroatoms if tricyclic, said heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S (e.g., carbon atoms and 1-3, 1-6, or 1-9 heteroatoms of N, O, or S if monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, respectively) , wherein 0, 1, 2 or 3 atoms of each ring may be substituted by a substituent. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term “nitrogen” includes a substituted nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl) , NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) , or +NR (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl) . Examples of heterocyclyl groups include trizolyl, tetrazolyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, and the like. The term “heterocyclyl alkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0264] The term “oxo” refers to an oxygen atom, which forms a carbonyl when attached to carbon, an N-oxide when attached to nitrogen, and a sulfoxide or sulfone when attached to sulfur.
[0265] The term “acyl” refers to an alkylcarbonyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, or heteroarylcarbonyl substituent, any of which may be further substituted by substituents.
[0266] The term “substituted” refers to the replacement of one or more hydrogen radicals in a given structure with the radical of a specified substituent including, but not limited to: halo, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, thiol, alkylthio, arylthio, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, haloalkyl, amino, trifluoromethyl, cyano, nitro, alkylamino, arylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, arylaminoalkyl, aminoalkylamino, hydroxy, alkoxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aminocarbonylalkyl, acyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, sulfonyl, phosphonic acid, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclic, and aliphatic. It is understood that the substituent can be further substituted. Suitable divalent substituents on a saturated carbon atom of an “optionally substituted” group include the following: ═O, ═S, ═NNR*2, ═NNHC (O) R*, ═NNHC (O) OR*, ═NNHS (O) 2R*, ═NR*, ═NOR*, -O (C (R*2) ) 2-3O-, or -S (C (R*2) ) 2-3S-, wherein each independent occurrence of R*is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. Suitable divalent substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an “optionally substituted” group include: -O (CR*2) 2-3O-, wherein each independent occurrence of R*is selected from hydrogen, C1-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, or an unsubstituted 5-6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0267] The terms “nucleoside (s) ” and “nucleotide (s) ” are used interchangeably to refer nucleoside (s) and nucleotide (s) ; to represent modified or unmodified nucleotide (s) present in the sense strand or in the antisense strand, or both, or free / non-incorporated modified or unmodified nucleoside (s) / nucleotide (s) .
[0268] The term “site specific” referes to a specific position or location within a sense strand or antisense strand or both strands with respect to 5′-end or 3′-end of either the sense strand or antisense strand of the dsRNA. For example, a site specific chirally-modified internucleotide linkage implies the placement of the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage at the nth position from the 5′-end or 3′-end of a given strand, for example, the nth internucleotide linkage position from the 5′-end of the antisense strand or sense strand. Site specific positions referes to two or more defined positions from the 5′-end or from the 3′-end of the sense strand or antisense strand.
[0269] A site specific, chiral modification to the internucleotide linkage may occur at the 5′ end, 3′ end, or both the 5′ end and 3′ end of a strand. This is being referred to herein as a “terminal” chiral modification. The terminal modification may occur at a 3′ or 5′ terminal position in a terminal region, e.g., at a position on a terminal nucleotide or within the last 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 nucleotides of a strand.
[0270] Examples
[0271] Example 1. Synthesis of RNAi Agents.
[0272] Oligonucleotide synthesis general references may be made using the general methods for preparing an oligoribonucleotide with solid phase synthesis, see, e.g., "Oligonucleotide synthesis, a practical approach" , Ed. M.J. Gait, IRL Press, 1984; RNAi agent duplexes were synthesized in accordance with the following general procedures: Sense and antisense strand sequences of siRNA were synthesized on oligonucleotide synthesizers using a well-established solid phase synthesis method based on phosphoramidite chemistry. Oligonucleotide chain propagation is achieved through 4-step cycles: a deprotection, a condensation, a capping and an oxidation or a sulfurization step for addition of each nucleotide. Syntheses were performed on a solid support made of controlled pore glass (CPG, ) . Monomer phosphoramidites may be purchased from commercial sources or may be the phosporamidite compounds in WO2016 / 028649. The phosporamidite compounds herein may be attached to the 3'-end as a monomeric phosphoramidite, and further be attached to the CPG solid support. In the case of attachment at the 5'-end, the phosphoramidite compounds may be used for the final coupling reaction, and can be further conjugated to target ligands if necessary.
[0273] The nucleotides in the chirally-modified dsRNA agent may be made using the general methods for preparing an oligoribonucleotide with solid phase synthesis. The chirally-modified dsRNA agent in a single diastereomeric form can be prepared on the oligonucleotide level or by coupling the diastereomeric form of dinucleotide building blocks.
[0274] When preparing the single diastereomeric form of the chirally-modified dsRNA agent on the dinucleotide building block level, the dsRNA agent may be synthesized according to the general oligonucleotide synthesis method as discussed above, Each of the desirable site specific (e.g., terminal) , chirally-modified internucleotide linkages (e.g., phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages) may be introduced to the dsRNA agent by coupling the corresponding dinucleotide building block containing a chirally-modified internucleotide linkage. Each of the dinucleotide building blocks may be synthesized with incorporating the chirally modified internucleotide linkage (e.g., phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage) between the dinucleotide, e.g., based on the phosphate group synthesis method as discussed above. The resulting epimeric mixture may be separated into individual diastereomers by methods known to one skilled in the art. A chirally pure (or substantially chirally pure) diastereoisomeric form of the chirally-modified RNA agent may then then be prepared by coupling a single diastereoisomeric form of each of the dinucleotide building blocks to the desired locations of the dsRNA agent. The single diastereomeric form of dinucleotide building blocks obtain see, e.g., "Chirality matters: stereo-defined phosphorothioate linkages at the termini of small interfering RNAs improve pharmacology in vivo" , Nucleic Acids Research, 2022, Vol. 50, No. 3 1221–1240.
[0275] The phosphoramidites with GalNAc ligand cluster were public in WO2023 / 045995A1 (incorporated herein in its entirety) . The imann residues can be added to the 5' end or 3' end of the oligonucleotide chain using imann phosphoramidites by a method well known to those skilled in the art, such as use the inverted abasic residues (invab) method, and / or further added to the target to the GalNAc targeting group, . imann phosphoramidites were public in WO 2024 / 114776 (incorporated herein in its entirety) .
[0276] Oligonucleotides containing chirally pure phosphorothioate linkages were prepared using the protocols method as discussed above.
[0277] The FXII sequences and configuration motifs for the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage chirally modified siRNA agents are shown in Table 1 and Table 1-1.
[0278] Example 2. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0279] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4-6weeks, 4 in each group) were subcutaneously administered a single 0.5 mg / kg of FXII siRNA agents or PBS. Blood samples were collected before dosing of siRNA, at day 7, at day 14, day 21, and day 28. Plasma samples were isolated and serum samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA protocol. The results are shown in Tables 2.
[0280] Table 2 The results of FXII activity
[0281] These results indicate that stereochemically pure phosphorothioate linkages showed a strong impact on knockdown target gene activity of modified siRNA. For instance, it can be seen the first internucleotide linkage at 5’-end of antisense strand is β-configuration and rest linkages are racemic or achiral has excellent activity, 3’-end of antisense strand configuration almost no effect (comparing AD01734 to AD00699, AD01735, AD01737, AD01740) .
[0282] Example 3. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0283] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4-6weeks, 4 in each group) were subcutaneously administered a single 0.5 or 1.5 mg / kg of FXII siRNA agents or PBS. Blood samples were collected before dosing of siRNA, day 8, and day 15. Plasma samples were isolated and serum samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA protocol. The results are shown in Tables 3.
[0284] Table 3 The results of FXII activity
[0285] Example 4. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0286] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4-6weeks, 4 in each group) were subcutaneously administered a single 0.3 mg / kg of FXII siRNA agents or PBS. Blood samples were collected before dosing of siRNA, day 8, day 15, day 29, and day 43. Plasma samples were isolated and serum samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA protocol. The results are shown in Tables 4 -6 .
[0287] Table 4 The results of FXII activity
[0288] Table 5 The results of FXII activity
[0289] Table 6 The results of FXII activity
[0290] Example 5. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0291] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4-6weeks, 4 in each group) were subcutaneously administered a single 0.1 or 0.3 mg / kg of FXII siRNA agents or PBS. Blood samples were collected before dosing of siRNA, day 8, and day 15. Plasma samples were isolated and serum samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA protocol. The results are shown in Table 7.
[0292] Table 7 The results of FXII activity
[0293] Example 6. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0294] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4-6weeks, 4 in each group) were subcutaneously administered a single 0.3 mg / kg of FXII siRNA agents or PBS. Blood samples were collected before dosing of siRNA, day 8, day 15, and day 29. Plasma samples were isolated and serum samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA protocol. The results are shown in Tables 8 .
[0295] Table 8 The results of FXII activity
[0296] Example 7. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0297] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4-6weeks, 4 in each group) were subcutaneously administered a single 0.3 mg / kg of FXII siRNA agents or PBS. Blood samples were collected before dosing of siRNA, day 8, day 15, day 29, and day 43. Plasma samples were isolated and serum samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA protocol. The results are shown in Tables 9 .
[0298] Table 9 The results of FXII activity
[0299] Example 8. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0300] At day 1, male humanized C3 mice (4 in each group, from Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc) were subcutaneously administered a single 1 mg / kg of C3 siRNA agents or Saline. Blood samples were collected on day 1, before dosing of siRNA, at day 8, and 15. Blood samples were isolated and was measured by ELISA assay and normalized to the change before treatment to calculate the retention percentage. Results are summarized in Table 10.
[0301] Table 10. C3 siRNA single 1 mpk subcutaneous dose screening in humanized -C3 transduced mouse. Percent of reduction of human C3 in mouse serum was normalized to C3 expression pre-dosing of siRNA and to the Saline control group.
[0302] Example 9. Determination of vivo activity of chirally Pure phosphorothioate internucleotide isomers in Mice.
[0303] At day 1, female C57BL / 6J mice (4 in each group) were infected by intravenous administration of a solution of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) vector encoding human CFB. At day 8, mice were subcutaneously administered a single 0.5 mg / kg of CFB siRNA agents or Saline. Blood samples were collected at day 8, before dosing of siRNA, at day 15, day 22. Plasma samples were collected for quantification protein level through ELISA was measured per manufacturer’s recommended protocol. Since expression of human CFB remaining was calculated by comparing in samples from siRNA treated groups before and after treatment, normalized by the change of ELISA over the same period of time in samples from the control treated group. Results are summarized in Table 13.
[0304] Table 13. CFB siRNA single subcutaneous dose screening in AAV-CFB transduced mouse. Reduction of human CFB in mouse plasma was normalized to CFB expression pre-dosing of siRNA and to the PBS control group.
[0305] Example 10 . Preparation of 5'-phosphate mimic phosphoramidite
[0306] Enantiomeric phosphoramidite-15-1 and enantiomeric phosphoramidite-15-2
[0307] Benzoyl chloride (126 g, 893 mmol, 104 mL) was added to a solution containing uracil (50.0 g, 446 mmol) in pyridine (735 g, 9.29 mol, 750 mL) and acetonitrile (1.50 L) at 0℃, the reaction solution was stirred at 20-25℃ for 12.0 hours, and TLC showed that the compound uracil was completely consumed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue. The residue was diluted with cold water (1.0 L) and extracted with ethyl acetate (1.0 L *3) . The combined organic layers were washed with brine (500 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate to obtain The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2 , ethyl acetate / petroleum ether = 1 / 10 to 1 / 1) to obtain white solid Phos-15-1A (63 g, 65.3%yield) .
[0308] 1 H NMR: EC4783-420-P1N (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ ppm 7.96 (dd, J =8.4, 1.2 Hz, 2 H) , 7.76-7.81 (m, 1 H) , 7.67 (dd, J =7.6, 5.6 Hz, 1 H) , 7.58-7.64 (m, 2 H) , 5.75 (dd, J =7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1 H) .
[0309] To a solution of Phos-15-SM2 (4.0 g, 47.6 mmol) and compound Phos-15-1A (7.91 g, 36.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (80 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (11.5 g, 43.9 mmol) and azo Diethyl dicarboxylate (7.64g, 43.9 mmol, 7.98 mL) , the mixture was stirred at 20-25℃ for 16 hours. LC-MS showed that compound Phos-15-1A was completely consumed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove tetrahydrofuran. The residue was diluted with water (80 mL) , and then extracted with ethyl acetate (80 mL *3) . The combined organic phases were washed with brine (80 mL) , dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2, MeOH / DCM=0 / 10 to 1 / 10) to obtain compound Phos-15-1B (14 g, crude product) as a white solid.
[0310] Under nitrogen protection, a mixture of compound Phos-15-1B (7.0 g, 9.30 mmol) and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (2.27 g, 11.1 mmol, 85%purity) in dichloromethane (70 mL) was heated at 0-5℃. After 16 hours of reaction, TLC showed that compound Phos-15-1B was completely consumed, and a major new spot with lower polarity was detected. Slowly adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to 7~8 with saturated NaHSO3 and NaHCO3 solutions (1: 1) , then extract with ethyl acetate (70 mL *3) , and wash the combined organic phases with brine (700mL) . Dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (100-200 mesh silica gel) , eluting with ethyl acetate: petroleum ether (1: 30~1: 1) to obtain white solid compound Phos-15-1C (1.2 g, crude product) .
[0311] To a solution of compound Phos-15-SM3 (4.0 g, 14.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (24.0 mL) was added KSAc (1.81 g, 15.8 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI, 531.4 mg, 1.44 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 70℃ for 4.0 hours. LC-MS showed that the raw material Phos-15-SM3 was completely consumed, and a main peak with the desired target molecule molecular weight was detected. The reaction mixture was cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solid residue was removed by filtration with a short silica gel pad and rinsed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to obtain compound Phos-15-1D (3.50 g, 98.5%yield) as a brown oil. Compound Phos-15-1D was used in the next step without further purification.
[0312] 1 H NMR: EC11950-13-P1B (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ ppm 3.96-4.07 (m, 4H) 3.27 (d, J =14.0 Hz, 2H) 2.40 (s, 3H) 1.22 (t, J =7.2 Hz, 6H) .
[0313] To a solution of compound Phos-15-1C (1.20 g, 4.02 mmol) in ethanol (15.0 mL) were added potassium carbonate (1.11 g, 8.05 mmol) and compound Phos-15-1D (1.91 g, 8.45 mmol) , and the mixture was added Stir at 20-25℃ for 3.0 hours. TLC showed that compound Phos-15-1C was completely consumed and a major new spot with greater polarity was detected. The resulting reaction mixture was filtered, diluted with water (20 mL) , extracted with dichloromethane (20 mL*3) , the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain a residue. The residue was purified by column chromatography (SiO2 , MeOH / DCM = 1 / 100 to 10 / 100) to obtain compound Phos-15-1E as a brown oil (1.00 g, 65.7%yield , 1: 1 mixture of enantiomeric compound-1E-1 and compound-1E-2) .
[0314] 1 H NMR: EC10615-82-P1N1 (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6 ) δ ppm 11.23 (br s, 1 H) , 7.69 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 1 H) , 5.58 (dd, J =8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1 H) , 4.93 (q, J =8.8 Hz, 1 H) , 3.96-4.17 (m, 5 H) , 3.08-3.17 (m, 1 H) , 3.03 (dd, J = 14.0, 2.0 Hz , 2 H) , 2.38-2.47 (m, 1 H) , 2.04-2.07 (m, 1 H) , 1.82-1.90 (m, 1 H) , 1.56-1.59 (m, 1 H) , 1.25 (t, J =6.8 Hz, 6 H) .
[0315] Compound Phos-15-1E can obtain enantiomers Phos-15-1E-1 and Phos-15-1E-2 through chiral resolution. Resolution conditions: DAICELCHIRALPAK AD 40mm column, 140 mL / min, ethanol: carbon dioxide = 35: 75. It can be understood that when it is necessary to obtain enantiomeric phosphoramidite-15-1 or enantiomeric phosphoramidite-15-2, as long as the corresponding enantiomer Phos-15-1E-1 or Phos-15-1E-2 is used as the starting material and reacted with the phosphorus reagent, it can be obtained
[0316] Under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature, to a solution of compound Phos-15-1E (400 mg, 1.06 mmol) and di-isopropylamine-tetrazolium salt (199 mg, 1.16 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 mL) was added a solution of bis (diisopropylamino) (2-cyanoethoxy) phosphine (P reagent, 956 mg, 3.17 mmol, 1.01 mL) in dichloromethane (0.5 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at 40℃ for 1.0 h. LC-MS showed that compound Phos-15-1E was completely consumed, several new peaks appeared on LC-MS, and approximately 80%of the desired compound was detected. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to -20℃ and poured into cold (0-5℃) saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (10 mL) , extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL*2) , and the combined organic layers were washed with cold (0-5 ℃) saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution / brine (5 mL / 5 mL) , dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrate in vacuo to obtain a residue (~2.0 mL) . The residue was purified by column chromatography (basic Al2O3 , MeOH / DCM = 1 / 80 to 1 / 40, 0.1%Et3N) to give phosphoramidite-15 as a colorless oil (350 mg, 0.6 mmol, 57.2%yield, 1: 1 mixture of enantiomeric phosphoramidite-15-1 and enantiomeric phosphoramidite-15-2 ) .
[0317] Enantiophosphoramidite-15-1 or enantiophosphoramidite-15-2 can be obtained, from the corresponding Phos-15-1E-1 or Phos-15-1E-2 obtained by SFC separation and purification as the starting material, according the same process as above.
[0318] δ ppm 11.23 (br s, 1 H) , 7.70 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 1 H) , 5.55-5.60 (m, 1 H) , 4.89 (q, J =8.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.29-4.42 (m, 1H) , 3.99-4.09 (m, 4H) , 3.65-3.84 (m, 2H) , 3.53-3.62 (m, 2H) , 3.35-3.41 (m, 1H) , 3.02 (dd, J =14.0 , 8.0 Hz, 2H) , 2.76-2.79 (m, 2H) , 2.40-2.49 (m, 1H) , 2.15-2.25 (m, 1H) , 1.95-2.07 (m, 1H) , 1.65-1.75 (m, 1H) , 1.23-1.26 (m, 6H) 1.12-1.21 (m, 12H) .
[0319] The specific preparation method of Phos-15-1E-1 or Phos-15-1E-2 chiral is as follows:
[0320] System: Waters SFC 150
[0321] Column name: AD
[0322] Column model: 250*50 mm 10 m
[0323] Mobile phase A: Supercritical CO2
[0324] Mobile phase B: EtOH
[0325] Wavelength: 214 nm
[0326] Flow rate: 140 mL / min
[0327] Column temperature: RT
[0328] Injection volume: 7.0 mL Cycle time: 10.0 min
[0329] Solvent: supercritical CO2: food grade EtOH: redistilled grade;
[0330] Preparation of Phosphoramidite-43
[0331] Add (3aR, 6aR ) -2, 2-dimethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta [d] [1, 3] dioxole-4 (6aH) -one (phos-43-SM1, 16.2 g , 105 mmol , 1.0eq) , diethyl (mercaptomethyl) phosphonate (19.3 g , 105m mol , 1.0eq ) and dichloromethane (200mL) to 500mL flask. The flask was stirred and cooled to 0-5℃ under nitrogen protection, and then triethylamine (1.06 g, 10.5mmol, 0.1 eq) was added dropwise. After the addition was completed, the temperature was returned to 25℃ and stirred overnight under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete, and the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column, and the eluent was (EA: DCM = 0%-15 %) to wash out the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 25g of Phos-43-1A as a light yellow oil , 70.3%yield.
[0332] LCMS: M+H=339.5
[0333] Add Phos-43-1A (25 g , 73.9mmol , 1.0eq) and ethanol (250mL ) to the 500mL flask. Stir and cool the flask to 0-5℃ under nitrogen protection, then add sodium borohydride (3.1 g, 81.3m mol, 1.1 eq) in batches. After the addition is completed, keep stirring at 0-5℃ for 0.5h. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete. Ice water (200 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction solution and stirred for 10 min. Then, the mixture was extracted twice with dichloromethane (500 mL) . The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column, and the eluent was (MeOH: DCM = 0 %-5 %) to wash out the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 24.5 g of Phos-43-1B as a light yellow oil. The yield was 97.4 %.
[0334] LCMS: M+H=341.5
[0335] 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 4.67-4.65 (d, J=8.0, 1 H) , 4.47-4.42 (m, 2 H) , 4.08-4.01 (m, 5 H) , 3.27-3.25 (m, 1 H) , 2.97-2.93 (d, J=16.0, 2 H) , 2.03-1.99 (m, 1 H) , 1.73-1.71 (m, 1 H) , 1.38 (s, 3 H) , 1.26-1.22 (m, 9 H) .
[0336] Add Phos-43-1B (10g, 29.4mmol, 1.0eq) , pyridine (7g, 88.1mmol, 3.0eq) and dichloromethane (100mL) to a 250mL flask. The flask was stirred and cooled to -78℃under nitrogen protection, and then trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (12.4g, 44.1mmol, 1.5eq) was added dropwise. After the dropwise addition was completed, the flask was kept at -78℃ and stirred under nitrogen protection for 3 hours. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete. The reaction solution is poured into 50mL of ice water, and then extracted twice with dichloromethane (100mL) . The combined organic phases are dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product Phos-43-1C, which is directly used to the next step.
[0337] LCMS: M+H=473.4
[0338] Add Phos-43-1C (16g, 33.8mmol, 1.0eq) , 3-benzoyluracil (8.8g, 40.6mmol, 1.2eq) , cesium carbonate (22g, 67.7mmol) and acetonitrile (200mL) to a 500mL flask. The flask was stirred overnight at 25℃ under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete, the reaction solution was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column, and the eluent was (MeOH: DCM=0%-5%) to wash out the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 18g of Phos-43-1D as a brown oil, with a yield of 98.7%.
[0339] LCMS: M+H=539.4
[0340] To a 500 mL flask were added Phos-43-1D (18 g, 33.4 mmol, 1.0 eq) and methanol (180 mL) . Ammonia methanol (180 mL) was added dropwise to the flask under nitrogen protection. After the dropwise addition was completed, the mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 5 hours under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete, and the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuum to obtain the crude product Phos-43-1E, which was directly used in the next step.
[0341] LCMS: M+H=435.4
[0342] To a 500 mL flask was added Phos-43-1E (14.5 g, 33.4 mmol, 1.0 eq) and dioxane (180 mL) . Add dioxane hydrochloride (4M 180mL) dropwise and stir the flask at 25℃overnight under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete, and the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuum to obtain crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column, and the eluent was (MeOH: DCM=0%-10%) to wash out the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 5.2g of Phos-43-1F as a white solid, with a yield of 39.5%.
[0343] LCMS: M+H=395.4
[0344] Add Phos-43-1F (5.2g, 13.2mmol, 1.0eq) , toluene (100mL) and acetonitrile (20mL) to a 250mL flask, then add cyanomethylenetri-n-butylphosphine (6.4g, 26.5mmol, 2.0eq) and stir the flask at 90℃ for 48h under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete, and the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuum to obtain crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column using the eluant (MeOH: DCM=0%-10%) to elute the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 3.5 g of Phos-43-1G as a white solid, with a yield of 70.5%.
[0345] LCMS: M+H=377.3
[0346] Add Phos-43-1G (2.0g, 5.3mmol, 1.0eq) , anhydrous methanol (20mL) , trimethyl borate (1.1g, 10.6mmol, 2.0eq) , and methyl orthoformate (0.56g, 5.3mmol, 1.0eq) and sodium bicarbonate (44.5mg, 0.52mmol, 0.2eq) into a 250mL stuffy jar. The above mixture was heated to 120℃ and stirred for 48 h. The stuffy jar was cooled to room temperature. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete, and the reaction solution was concentrated in vacuum to obtain a crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column using the eluant (MeOH: DCM=0%-10%) to elute the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 1.3 g of Phos-43-1H as a white solid, with a yield of 60%.
[0347] LCMS: M+H=409.4
[0348] Add Phos-43-1H (0.6g, 1.47 mmol, 1.0eq) , anhydrous dichloromethane (10mL) to the 50mL flask, and then add tetrazole (0.13g, 1.76 mmol, 1.2eq) , bis (diisopropyl) (2-cyanoethoxy) phosphine (0.66 g, 2.2 mmol, 1.5eq) in sequence. The above mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 h under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete. The reaction solution was poured into a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted twice with dichloromethane (20 mL) . The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified through a flash silica gel column, and the product was eluted with the eluent (DCM: MeOH: TEA=0%-5%+0.2%TEA) . Concentrate under vacuum at 35℃ to obtain phosphoramidite-43 (0.89g, yield 100%) as a colorless oil.
[0349] LCMS: M+H=609.6
[0350] 1 H NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 8.97 (s, 1 H) , 7.43-7.41 (d, J=8.0, 1 H) , 5.61-5.59 (d, J=8.0, 1 H) , 4.76 -4.69 (m, 1 H) , 4.44-4.34 (m, 1 H) , 4.14-4.04 (m, 5 H) , 3.90-3.81 (m, 2 H) , 3.69-3.62 (m, 2 H) , 3.46 -3.44 (m, 1 H) , 3.36-3.33 (d, J=12.0, 3 H) , 2.97-2.87 (m, 2 H) , 2.77-2.65 (m, 3 H) , 1.67-1.56 (m, 1 H) , 1.32-1.27 (m, 6 H) , 1.24-1.18 (m, 12 H) .
[0351] 31P NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 150.03, 148.62; 23.44, 23.24 .
[0352] The preparation method of phosphoramidite-47 is the same as that of phosphoramidite-43, except that the starting material 5-methyluracil is used as the nucleobase.
[0353] Preparation of Phosphoramidite-45
[0354] Add magnesium chips (0.26g, 10.6 mmol, 10.0eq) and absolute ethanol (40mL) to a 100mL stuffy jar, and heat the above mixture to 90℃ and stir for 18h. Cool the stuffy jar to room temperature, add Phos-43-1G (0.4g, 1.06 mmol, 1.0eq) , heat to 90℃ and stir for 18h. The stuffy jar was cooled to room temperature. LCMS detected that the reaction was incomplete and about 50%was converted into Phos-45-1A. The reaction solution was concentrated in vacuo to obtain crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column using the eluent (MeOH: DCM=0%-8%) to elute out the product. The product was concentrated in vacuum to obtain 0.13g of Phos-45-1A as a light yellow oil, with a yield of 29%.
[0355] LCMS: M+H=423.4
[0356] Add Phos-45-1A (0.11g, 0.26 mmol, 1.0eq) and anhydrous dichloromethane (3mL) to the 50mL flask, then add tetrazole (22 mg, 0.31 mmol, 1.2eq) , bis (diiso) Propylamino) (2-cyanoethoxy) phosphine (0.12 g, 0.4 mmol, 1.5eq) in sequence. The above mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 h under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete. The reaction solution was poured into aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted twice with dichloromethane (10 mL) . The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified through a flash silica gel column, and the product was eluted with the eluent (DCM: MeOH: TEA=0%-3%+0.2%TEA) . Concentrate under vacuum at 35℃ to obtain phosphonamidite yellow oil Phos-45 (0.1g, yield 61.7%) .
[0357] LCMS: M+H=623.5,
[0358] 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 7.42-7.40 (d, J=8.0, 1 H) , 5.61-5.59 (d, J=8.0, 1 H) , 4.73-4.68 (m, 1 H) , 4.34-4.30 (m, 1 H) , 4.12-4.06 (m, 5 H) , 3.88-3.83 (m, 2 H) , 3.68-3.65 (m, 2 H) , 3.58-3.42 (m, 2 H) , 2.97-2.86 (m, 3 H) , 2.72-2.62 (m, 3 H) , 1.65-1.53 (m, 1 H) , 1.32-1.17 (m, 18 H) , 1.13-1.10 (t, J=6.8, 3 H) .
[0359] 31P NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 149.85, 148.50; 23.46, 23.25.
[0360] Preparation of phosphoramidite-46
[0361] Add magnesium chips (0.48g, 20.0 mmol, 15.0eq) and anhydrous ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (50mL) to a 100mL stuffy jar, and heat the above mixture to 90℃and stir for 1 hour. Cool the stuffy jar to room temperature, add Phos-43-1G (0.5g, 1.33 mmol, 1.0eq) , heat to 90℃ and stir for 18h. The stuffy jar was cooled to room temperature, and LCMS detected that the reaction raw materials disappeared completely. The reaction solution was transferred into a flask, 0.5N dilute hydrochloric acid was added dropwise at 0℃ to adjust the pH to 6, and extract 5 times with dichloromethane (50mL) . The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column using the eluant (MeOH: DCM=0%-10%) to elute the product. The product was concentrated under vacuum to obtain 0.13g of Phos-46-1A as a light yellow oil, with a yield of 20%.
[0362] LCMS: M+H=513.4 .
[0363] Add Phos-46-1A (0.1g, 0.19 mmol, 1.0eq) , anhydrous dichloromethane (3mL) to the 50mL flask, and then add tetrazole (16 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.2eq) bis (diisopropyl) (2-cyanoethoxy) phosphine (0.09 g, 0.3 mmol, 1.5eq) in sequence. The above mixture was stirred at 25℃ for 1 h under nitrogen protection. LCMS detected that the reaction was complete. The reaction solution was poured into a sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution and extracted twice with dichloromethane (10 mL) . The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to obtain the crude product. The crude product was purified through a flash silica gel column, and the product was eluted with the eluent (DCM: MeOH: TEA=0%-5%+0.2%TEA) . Concentrate under vacuum at 35℃ to obtain phosphoramidite yellow oil Phos-46 (93 mg, yield 66.9%) .
[0364] LCMS: M+H=713.6 .
[0365] 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 8.92 (s, 1 H) , 7.47-7.44 (dd, J=8.0, J=2.8, 1 H) , 5.64-5.62 (d, J=8.0, 1 H) , 4.78-4.68 (m, 1 H) , 4.42-4.22 (m, 2H) , 4.18-4.15 (m, 4 H) , 3.92-3.85 (m, 2 H) , 3.78-3.66 (m, 3 H) , 3.60-3.52 (m, 5 H) , 3.48-3.45 (m, 3 H) , 3.36-3.35 (dd, J=2.4, J=0.8, 6 H) , 3.28-3.27 (d, J=5.6, 3 H) , 3.03-2.94 (m, 2 H) , 2.75-2.63 (m, 3 H) , 1.65-1.53 (m, 1 H) , 1.22-1.17 (m, 12 H) .
[0366] 31P NMR: (400 MHz, CD3CN) , δ ppm 149.85, 148.42; 24.43, 24.22.
[0367] 5'-phosphonate modified nucleoside analogs herein can be prepared using similar methods or synthetic routes well known in the art.
[0368] The phosphoramidite compound described here is coupled into the 5' end of the oligonucleotide, thereby producing a 5'-terminal nucleotide, as described in CN110072530A and CN103154014A, with each phosphonate group having a hydroxyl protecting group atoms, such as oxygen atoms containing two methyl or ethyl protections, remove one or both of the methyl or ethyl groups according to the deprotection step used. In some embodiments, use carbonitrile: trimethylsilyl iodide: pyridine e=50: 2: 2 (v / v / v) deethylation solution to remove ethyl protection.
[0369] Equivalents
[0370] Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and / or structures for performing the functions and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the present invention. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings of the present invention is / are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto; the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. The present invention is directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, and / or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, and / or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present invention.
[0371] All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and / or ordinary meanings of the defined terms. The plural and singular should be treated as interchangeable, other than the indication of number.
[0372] The indefinite articles “a” and “an, ” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one. ”
[0373] The term "or" as used herein means "and / or, " and is used interchangeably with the latter, unless clearly excluded from context. The phrase “and / or, ” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. If there are more than two elements and are separated by commas, the commas before “and / or” have the same meaning as “and / or” , correspondingly representing “and” or “or” . Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and / or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified, unless clearly indicated to the contrary.
[0374] All references, patents and patent applications and publications that are cited or referred to in this application are incorporated herein in their entirety herein by reference.
Claims
1.A chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent capable of inhibiting the expression of a target gene, said chirally modified dsRNA agent comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand, each strand having 14 to 40 nucleotides, wherein: the chirally-modified dsRNA agent comprises at least one chirally-modified internucleotide linkage.2.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 1, wherein: the at least one terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage occurs at the 5' end, the 3' end, or both the 5' end and the 3' end of each strand.3.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-2, wherein: the at least one terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage occurs at the 5' end, the 3' end, or both the 5' end and the 3' end of the antisense strand.4.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the at least one terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkage occurs at the 5' end of antisense strand.5.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-4, wherein: the at least one chirally modified internucleotide linkage occurs at the first, the second or both the first and the second internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand.6.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-5, wherein: the chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand.7.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, at the first internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic.8.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-7, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.9.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the 3' end of antisense strand.10.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 9, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.11.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-10, wherein: the chirally modified internucleotide linkages being bonded together by bonds including asymmetric phosphorus atoms, and absolute configurations of the asymmetric phosphorus atoms being regulated.12.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 11, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is beta configuration.13.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 11-12, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is beta configuration, at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic.14.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 11-13, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atoms is beta configuration, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.15.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 11, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atoms is Rp configuration.16.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 15, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is Rp configuration, at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic.17.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 15-16, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atoms is Rp configuration, the rest of internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.18.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 11, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atoms is Sp configuration.19.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 18, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is Sp configuration, at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic.20.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 18-19, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand , and the chirally modified linkage asymmetric phosphorus atom is Sp configuration, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.21.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-20, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages independently have the structure of Formula I: P is an asymmetric phosphorus atom;is P (=W) , P-B (-LL-RL) 3;W is O, S, N (-LL-RL) , N-C (-LL -R') (=LN-R') or Se;LN is =N-LL1, =CH-LL1-wherein CH is optionally substituted, or N+ (R' (Q-) -LL1-;Q-is an anion;Each of X, Y and Z is independently -O-, -S-, -N (-LL-RL) -, -N-C (-LL -R') (=LN-R') -, or LL;Each RL is independently -LL, -R'or -N=C (-LL-R') ;LL1 and LL is independently -L;L independently is a covalent bond or an optionally substituted, linear or branched group selected from C1-C30 aliphatic group, and C1-C30 hetetroaliphatic group having 1-10 heteroatoms, wherein one or more methylene units of L are optionally and independently replaced by an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkylene, C1-C6 alkenylene, -c≡c-, -C (R') 2, -Cy-, -O-, -S-, -S-S-, -N (R') -, --C (O) -, -C (S) -, -C (NR') -, -C (O) N (R') -, -N (R') C (O) N (R') -, -N (R') C (O) -, -N (R') C (O) O-, -OC (O) N (R') -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -S (O) 2N (R') -, -N (R') S (O) 2-, -SC (O) -, -C (O) S-, -OC (O) -, or -C (O) O-;each R′ is independently -R, -C (O) R, -CO2R, or -SO2R;each R is independently hydrogen, or an optionally substituted group selected from C1-C30 aliphatic, C1-C30 heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, C6-C30 aryl, C6-C30 aryl aliphatic, C6-C30 aryl heteroaliphatic having 1-10 heteroatoms, 5-30 membered heteroaryl having 1-10 heteroatoms, or 5-30 membered heterocyclyl having 1-10 heteroatoms; or two R groups are optionally and independently taken together to form a covalent bond, or: two or more R groups on the same atom are optionally and independently taken together with the atom to form an optionally substituted, 3-30 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the atom, 0-10 heteroatoms; or two or more R groups on two or more atoms are optionally and independently taken together with their intervening atoms to form an optionally substituted, 3-30 membered, monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic ring having, in addition to the intervening atoms, 0-10 heteroatoms;-Cy-is an optionally substituted bivalent ring selected from phenylene, carbocyclylene, arylene, heteroarylene, or heterocyclylene;represents covalent single bond or double bond;eachindependently represents a connection to a nucleoside.22.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-21, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages is a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage having the phosphorus atom chiral centers.23.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 22, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage and phosphorus of the phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage is in the Rp configuration.24.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 22-23, wherein: the terminal chirally-modified internucleotide linkages occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, said the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage with its phosphorus atom in the Rp configuration, at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand is achiral or racemic.25.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 22-24, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand, said the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage with its phosphorus atom in the Rp configuration, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.26.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 22, wherein: the terminal chirally modified internucleotide linkages only occur at the first internucleotide linkage at the 3' end of antisense strand, said the chirally-modified internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage with its phosphorus atom in the Sp configuration, the rest internucleotide linkages of antisense strand are achiral or racemic.27.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-26, wherein: the dsRNA has two blunt ends.28.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-27, wherein: all or substantially all of the nucleotides of the sense strand and the antisense strand are modified nucleotides, the modified nucleotides comprises: 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, 2’-fluoro nucleotide, 2’-deoxy nucleotide, 2’ 3’-seco nucleotide mimic, locked nucleotide, unlocked nucleic acid nucleotide (UNA) , glycol nucleic acid nucleotide (GNA) , 2’-F-Arabino nucleotide, 2’-methoyxyethyl nucleotide, abasic nucleotide, ribitol, inverted nucleotide, inverted abasic nucleotide, inverted 2’-Ome nucleotide, inverted 2’-deoxy nucleotide, isomannide nucleotide, 2’-amino-modified nucleotide, 2’-alkyl-modified nucleotide, mopholino nucleotide, and 3’-OMe nucleotide, a nucleotide including a 5’-phosphorothioate group, a nucleotide comprising 5'-phosphate mimic, or a terminal nucleotide linked to a cholesteryl derivative or dodecanoic acid bisdecylamide group, a 2’-amino-modified nucleotide, a phosphoramidite, or a non-natural base including nucleotide.29.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-28, wherein: the dsRNA includes an 5'-phosphate mimic nucleotide at the 5′-end of the antisense strand.30.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 29, wherein: the dsRNA includes an E-vinylphosphonate nucleotide at the 5′-end of the antisense strand.31.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 29, wherein: the dsRNA includes an 5'-phosphate mimic include the follow structure: wherein: Q8 is O, S, SO, SO2;Ra and Rc are each independently selected from hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, sulfhydryl or protected sulfhydryl, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl , optionally substituted C1-C6 alkoxy, protected or optional substituted amino, natural or modified nucleosides ;and Rb is O or S or NR12, R12 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, amino protecting group;Q1 and Q2 are each independently H, halogen, -CN, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, and wherein eachis bonded to the 4'-carbon or 5'-carbon of the sugar or sugar surrogate moiety of nucleoside.32.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-31, wherein: the dsRNA the sense strand includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and / or the antisense strand includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages.33.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-32, wherein: the dsRNA at the 5' end of antisense strand includes 2 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages.34.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-32, wherein: the dsRNA the antisense strand includes 3 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, at the 5' end of antisense strand includes 1 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, at the 3' end of antisense strand includes 2 phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages.35.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 34, wherein: the dsRNA at the first internucleotide linkages at the 5' end of antisense strand is a phosphorothioate linkage with the phosphorus is in the Rp configuration, the rest of antisense strand of internucleotide linkages are achiral or racemic; the second internucleotide linkage at the 5' end of antisense strand is an achiral phosphodiester linkage (PO) , and the first and the second internucleotide linkages at the 3' end of antisense strand are phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, which are racemic.36.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-35, wherein: the dsRNA of antisense strand are modified nucleotides, the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide, a 2’-fluoro nucleotide and / or an UNA modified nucleotide, wherein less than 6 modified nucleotides are 2’-fluoro nucleotides.37.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-35, wherein: the antisense strand comprises 15 or more modified nucleotides independently selected from a 2’-O-methyl nucleotide and a 2’-fluoro nucleotide, wherein at least 14 modified nucleotides are 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14, 16 and / or 18 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end of the antisense strand are independently a 2’-fluoro nucleotide.38.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-37, wherein: the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides.39.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-37, wherein: the antisense strand comprises one UNA modified nucleotide at position 7 and 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides. In some embodiments, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides.40.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-37, wherein: the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 7, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides;or, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 12, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides;or, the antisense strand comprises 5 2’-fluoro nucleotides at positions 2, 5, 11, 14 and 16 counting from the first matching position of the 5’ end, and the rest 2’-O-methyl nucleotides.41.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-35, wherein: the sense strand and the antisense strand form a dsRNA duplex, wherein said sense strand is complementary to the antisense strand, wherein said antisense strand comprises a region of complementarity to a RNA transcript, wherein the region of complementarity comprises at least 15 contiguousnucleotides, wherein the dsRNA duplex comprises represented by formula (II) :sense: 5′- (N′L) n′N′L N′L N′L N′L N′F N′L N′F N′L N′N1 N′N2 N′L N′L N′L N′L N′L (N′L) m′-3′antisense: 3′- (NL) n NM1 NL NM2 NL NF NL NM3 NM4 NL NL NL NM5 NL NM6 NL NL NF Nz-5′(II)wherein:each strand is about 18 to about 30 nucleotides in length;each NF and N′F independently represents a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide; NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, NM6, N′N1, and N′N2 each independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide; each Nz, NL, and N′L independently represents a modified or unmodified nucleotide but not a 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotide, and m′, n′and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 7., NM1, NM2, NM3, NM4, NM5, and NM6 have only three 2'-fluoro-modified nucleotides, N′N1 and N′N2 include only one 2'-Fluorine modified nucleotides.42.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-41, wherein: the dsRNA includes at least one modified nucleotide and further includes one or more targeting groups or linking groups.43.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-42, wherein: the dsRNA the one or more targeting groups or linking groups are conjugated to the 5’-terminal end of the sense strand or 3'-terminal end of the sense strand.44.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of claim 43, wherein: the targeting group or linking group includes N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) , the targeting group comprises follow a structure: n” are independently selected from 1 or 2.45.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-44, wherein: the sense strand includes one or two inverted abasic residues and / or one or two imann residues at 3’ or / and 5’ terminal end.46.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-45, wherein: one or more lipophilic moieties are conjugated to one or more terminal or internal positions on at least one strand, such as via a linker or carrier.47.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-46, wherein: the antisense strand comprises 5’ terminal (+1) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-O-methyl nucleotides and the immediately downstream (+2) nucleotide of antisense strand is 2’-fluoro nucleotides; and has two blunt ends.48.The chirally modified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) agent of any one of claims 1-47, wherein: each strand independently having length of 19 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 20 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 21 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 22 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 23 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 24 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 25 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 20-25 nucleotides; each strand independently having length of 19 -25 nucleotides; or, each strand independently having length of 21 -25 nucleotides.49.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the chirally-modified dsRNA agent of claim 1-48 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.50.A method for inhibiting the expression of a target gene comprising the step of administering the chirally modified dsRNA agent of any one of claims 1-49 in an amount sufficient to inhibit expression of the target gene.51.The method of claim 50, wherein the chirally-modifled dsRNA agent is administered through subcutaneously, intraocularly, intravitreally, intrathecally or intravenous (IV) administered.
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