Compounds, preparation methods and uses thereof
Novel compounds selectively inhibit PI3K-alpha mutants to address the limitations of current cancer treatments, offering effective therapeutic options for a range of cancers and disorders by targeting PI3K signaling pathways.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/110589
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-01-14
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for diseases associated with PI3K signaling, particularly cancers, are inadequate in targeting specific PI3K mutants, leading to ineffective therapeutic outcomes.
Development of novel compounds that selectively inhibit PI3K-alpha and its activating mutants, formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for various administration routes, including oral, parenteral, and inhalation, to treat diseases such as cancer.
The compounds effectively target PI3K mutants, providing therapeutic benefits for treating cancers with specific mutations, including endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, and prostate cancers, as well as other disorders like CLOVES syndrome and PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome.
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Figure CN2025110589_29012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMPOUNDS, PREPARATION METHODS AND USES THEREOFCROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to International Application Nos. PCT / CN2024 / 107818, filed on July 26, 2024; PCT / CN2024 / 123153, filed on October 02, 2024; PCT / CN2024 / 135270, filed on November 28, 2024; and PCT / CN2025 / 072282, filed on January 14, 2025, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.BACKGROUNDField of the Invention
[0002] In various embodiments, the present disclosure generally relates to novel compounds, compositions comprising the same, methods of preparing and methods of using the same, e.g., for inhibiting PI3Ks and / or for treating a number of diseases or disorders, such as cancer. Background
[0003] The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are members of intracellular lipid kinases that phosphorylate the 3'-OH group on phosphatidylinositols or phosphoinositides. The PI3K family comprises more than a dozen kinases with distinct substrate specificities, expression patterns, and modes of regulation. PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) is a heterodimeric protein complex composed of the catalytic subunit p110α (coded by the PIK3CA gene) and the regulatory subunit p85α (coded by the PIK3R1 gene) (Vasan N. et al. Annals of Oncology, 30 (10) : x3-x11 (2019) . p110α binds to p85α and catalyzes the phosphorylation of the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5-trisphosphate (PIP3) .
[0004] PI3Ks signaling pathway has been associated with a number of diseases, in particular cancers. Genetic alterations in genes in PI3K signaling are believed to be involved in a range of diseases, including in cancers such as breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, and prostate cancers. A number of cancer-associated PIK3CA mutations have been identified. These mutations can lead to activation of the PI3K pathway resulting in increased cell growth and tumorigenesis. BRIEF SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure is based in part on Applicant's discovery of compounds that can act as inhibitors of PI3K, in particular, inhibitors of PI3K-alpha ( "PI3Ka" ) and its activating mutants. In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides novel compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, methods of preparing and using the same. The compounds and compositions herein are useful for treating various diseases or disorders, such as a cancer described herein. In some embodiments, the compounds herein can selectively inhibit PI3K mutants over wild-type PI3K, and thus can be better suited for treating cancers with certain PI3K mutations.
[0006] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein the variables are defined herein. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can have a subformula of I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A, as defined herein. In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0007] Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition described herein can be formulated for various routes of administration, such as oral administration, parenteral administration, or inhalation etc.
[0008] Certain embodiments are directed to a method of treating a disease or disorder associated with the activity of PI3K. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. Diseases or disorders associated with PI3K suitable to be treated with the method include any of the cancers described herein. In some embodiments, diseases or disorders associated with PI3K suitable to be treated with the method include CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) .
[0009] In some embodiments, a method of treating cancer is provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In embodiments, the cancer can be endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, or prostate cancer.
[0010] The administering in the methods herein is not limited to any particular route of administration. For example, in some embodiments, the administering can be orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally, or parenterally.
[0011] The compounds of the present disclosure can be used as a monotherapy or in a combination therapy. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with a targeted therapeutic agent, chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, and / or immunotherapy.
[0012] It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not restrictive of the invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] In a broad aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds and compositions that are useful for inhibiting PI3Ks, such as PI3Ka, and / or treating or preventing various diseases or disorders described herein, e.g., cancer. Compounds
[0014] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: R1 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heterocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl; Ra is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-4 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-4 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl; Rb and Rc are each independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in I-a, I-b, or I-c: I-a) R3 is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; R4 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-5 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-5 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl; and R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is null, -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -C (O) O-, - C (O) NH-, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-, -C (O) C (O) -, -C (O) C (O) NH-, or -C (O) C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) -, and R6 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein said C1-4 alkylene in – (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, or -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-is optionally substituted with fluorine, e.g., 1-3 F; or I-b) R3 and R4, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring; and R5 is H or -L2-R6, wherein L2 is null, -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -C (O) O-, - C (O) NH-, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-, -C (O) C (O) -, -C (O) C (O) NH-, or -C (O) C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) -, and R6 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein said C1-4 alkylene in - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, or -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-is optionally substituted with fluorine, e.g., 1-3 F; or I-c) R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 6-10 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 6-10 membered heteroaryl ring; and R4 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-5 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-5 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl. To be clear, when R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in I-a, the compound of Formula I may be said to have a subformula of I-a (Formula I-a) . The same applies when R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in I-b or I-c.
[0015] In some preferred embodiments, the present disclosure provides a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein: R1 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heterocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl; Ra is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-4 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-4 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl; Rb and Rc are each independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in I-a, I-b, or I-c: I-a) R3 is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl; R4 is -L1a-NH2, wherein L1a is an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkylene; preferably, L1a is which is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or OH; and R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is null, -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -C (O) O-, - C (O) NH-, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-, -C (O) C (O) -, -C (O) C (O) NH-, or -C (O) C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) -, and R6 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein said C1-4 alkylene in - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, or -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-is optionally substituted with fluorine, e.g., 1-3 F; or I-b) R3 and R4, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring; and R5 is H or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; or I-c) R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 6-10 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 6-10 membered heteroaryl ring; and R4 is -L1c-NH2, wherein L1c is -C (O) -, or - (C1-2 alkylene) -which is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or methyl.
[0016] It should be apparent to those of ordinarily skilled in the art that in certain cases, the compound of Formula I may exist as a mixture of tautomers. The present disclosure is not limited to any specific tautomer. Rather, the present disclosure encompasses any and all of such tautomers whether or not explicitly drawn or referred to.
[0017] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I (including any of the applicable sub-formulae as described herein) can exist as an isotopically labeled compound, particularly, a deuterated analog, wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms of the compound of Formula I is / are substituted with a deuterium atom with an abundance above its natural abundance, e.g., a CD3 analog when the compound has a CH3 group. Without wishing to be bound by theories, it is believed that in some cases, a deuterated analog can have a better or more desired pharmacokinetic profile when compared to their non-deuterated counterpart.
[0018] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a prodrug of the compound of Formula I (e.g., any of the subformulae herein) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. As understood in the art, a prodrug of an active ingredient generally refers to a compound that can be converted into the active ingredient upon administration to a subject, such as a mammal, preferably, a human. A prodrug is typically stable such that it can be prepared and / or formulated prior to administration to a subject. In some embodiments, the prodrug is an ester prodrug, such as those derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and a carboxylic acid having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, etc. In some embodiments, the prodrug is an amino ester prodrug, e.g., a prodrug derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and an amino acid, such as a natural amino acid (e.g., a proteinogenic amino acid) or a non-natural amino acid, or a peptide such as dipeptide, tripeptide, or tetrapeptide. In one specific embodiment, the prodrug is a prodrug derived from an OH group of the compound of Formula I and valine. In another specific embodiment, the prodrug is a prodrug derived from substituting a hydrogen of an NH or NH2 group of the compound of Formula I with In another specific embodiment, the prodrug is a prodrug derived from substituting a hydrogen of an NH or NH2 group of the compound of Formula I with In some embodiments, the prodrug is amide or carbamate prodrug, e.g., a prodrug derived from an NH or NH2 group of the compound of Formula I and a carboxylic acid having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, etc., or the NH or NH2 group may form a carbamate with an alcohol having 1-20 carbons, wherein one or more carbons can have optional substituents, such as OH, NH2, monoalkyl amine, dialkyl amine, heterocycle, or heteroaryl, etc. Other types of prodrugs are also suitable.
[0019] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-acan be characterized by having Formula I-a-1 or I-a-1-A: wherein R1, R2, R4, R5, and R6 are defined herein.
[0020] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-b can be characterized by having Formula I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, or I-b-4-A: wherein R1, R2, and R5 are defined herein; and wherein R11 and R12 at each occurrence are independently halogen, OH, NH2, oxo, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; or two R11, when attached to the same ring carbon atom, together with the ring carbon atom they are attached to, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclic ring; or two R12, when attached to the same ring carbon atom, together with the ring carbon atom they are attached to, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclic ring; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
[0021] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-c can be characterized by having Formula I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A: wherein R1, R2, and R4 are defined herein; and wherein R21 is hydrogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; R22 and R23 are each independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; or R22 and R23, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring; R24 and R24’ are each independently hydrogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; or R24 and R24’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -; R25 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; or R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclic ring; or R24, R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring; R26 and R27 are each independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; or R26 and R27, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring; and Y1 is O, NR28, or CR28’ R28” , wherein R28, R28’ and R28” are each independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl.
[0022] In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I-c can be characterized by having Formula I-c-5: wherein: R14 and R14’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; or R14 and R14’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; and R15 and R15’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.
[0023] In Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, R1 is C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with F, C2-4 alkynyl optionally substituted with F, or C3-5 cycloalkyl optionally substituted with methyl and / or F; preferably, R1 is CF3, acetenyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, or t-butyl. In some embodiments, R1 is CF3, isopropyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R1 is CF3.
[0024] In Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl, preferably an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl containing one or two ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S. In some preferred embodiments, R2 is selected from: wherein RA, RB, RC, RD, and RE are each independently hydrogen, F, Cl, CN, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl) , hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. ) , OH, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, azetidinyl, C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., CF3O-, CF3CH2O-, etc. ) , C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CH3S-) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CF3S-) , cyclopropoxy, or cyclobutoxy; preferably, H, F, Cl, OH, CN, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. In some preferred embodiments, R2 is selected from: wherein RA is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl) , hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. ) , cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or azetidinyl; preferably, H, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl; RB, RC, RD, and RE are each independently hydrogen, F, Cl, CN, C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl) , hydroxyl substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. ) , OH, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, azetidinyl, C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, etc. ) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkoxy (e.g., CF3O-, CF3CH2O-, etc. ) , C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CH3S-) , fluorine substituted C1-4 alkylthio (e.g., CF3S-) , cyclopropoxy, or cyclobutoxy; preferably, H, F, Cl, OH, CN, methyl, ethyl, or cyclopropyl. To be clear, a “fluorine substituted” group and a “fluoro-substituted” group herein are used interchangeably, both mean that the group is substituted with one or more fluorine, typically 1-3 fluorine. For example, a fluorine substituted C1-4 alkyl or fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl means that the C1-4 alkyl is substituted with one or more fluorine, such as by 1-3 fluorine, e.g., fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, etc. Other similarly worded terms herein should be understood similarly. However, with respect to a hydroxyl substituted or cyano substituted group, the group is typically substituted with one hydroxyl or one cyano group, although more than one hydroxyl or cyano substitution is also within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0025] In some preferred embodiments, RA is methyl, or RA is ethyl. In some preferred embodiments, RB is H. In some preferred embodiments, RC is F, or RC is Cl. In some preferred embodiments, RD is H. In some preferred embodiments, RE is H, F, Cl, CN, methyl, or cyclopropyl.
[0026] In some embodiments, R2 is wherein RA is C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , RC is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , and RE is H, halogen (such as F, Cl, or Br) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) , C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl) . In some embodiments, R2 is wherein RA is C1-3 alkyl, RC is halogen, and RE is H, halogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R2 is wherein RE is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, methyl, or cyclopropyl.
[0027] In some embodiments, R2 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, e.g., benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, or pyrazolopyridinyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, OH, NH2, CN, CH3, CH2CH3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, CH (CH3) 2, acetenyl, and cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R2 is selected from: In some embodiments, R2 is selected from: In some embodiments, R2 is
[0028] In some embodiments, R2 is wherein RA is C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , RC is halogen (such as F or Cl) or C1-3 alkyl (such as methyl) , and RE is H, halogen (such as F, Cl, or Br) , CN, C1-4 alkyl (such as methyl) , C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl (such as cyclopropyl) . In some embodiments, R2 is wherein RA is C1-3 alkyl, RC is halogen, and RE is H, halogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R2 is wherein RE is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, methyl, or cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, R2 is
[0029] In Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, the carbon connecting R1 and R2 in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, the carbon connecting R1 and R2 in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in With respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0030] In Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, Ra is H, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxy, wherein said C1-4 alkyl or said C1-4 alkoxy is optionally substituted with fluorine; preferably, Ra is H.
[0031] In Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, Rb is H or C1-4 alkyl; preferably, Rb is H.
[0032] In Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, Rc is H or C1-4 alkyl; preferably, Rc is H.
[0033] In Formula I-a: In some embodiments, R3 is H, halogen, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxy; preferably, R3 is H, F, Cl, CH3, or OCH3. In some embodiments, R3 is H.
[0034] In Formula I-a, I-c, or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, R4 is (C1-4 alkylene) -OH, (C1-4 alkylene) -NH2, (C1-4 alkylene) -NH (C1-4 alkyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -NH (C1-4 alkoxy) , (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-CHO, or (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , wherein the C1-4 alkylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from OH, halogen (e.g., F) and cyclopropyl. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -CH2-NH2, -CH2-NH-CH3, -CH2-NH-OCH3, -CH (CH3) -NH2, -CH (OH) -CH2-NH2, -CH (OH) -CH2-NH-CH3, -CH (OH) -CH2-N (CH3) 2, -CF2-CH2-NH2, -CH (NH2) -CH2F, -CH (NH2) -CH2-OH, -C (CH3) 2-OH, -C (CH3) 2-NH2, -C (CH3) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -C (CH3) (OH) -CH2-NH-CH3, -C (CH3) (OH) -CH2-N (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) (NH2) -CH2-OH, -C (CH2F) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -C (CHF2) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -C (CF3) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -CH (OH) -CH (CH3) -NH2, -CHF-CH2-NH2, -CF2-CH2-NH2, -CH (OH) -CH (CH2F) -NH2, -CH (OH) -CH (CHF2) -NH2, or -C (OH) (cyclopropyl) -CH2-NH2. In one preferred embodiment, R4 is-CH2-NH2 or -CH (NH2) -CH2F. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -CH2-NH-CH2-CH2OH, -CH2-O-CH2-CH2NH2, In one preferred embodiment, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is -CR41R42-NH2 or -CR41R42-OH, wherein R41 and R42, together with the C atom they are attached to, are joined to form -C (O) -, C3-5 cycloalkylene, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclylene containing one ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, wherein the C3-5 cycloalkylene or the 4-5 membered heterocyclylene are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from NH2, halogen and C1-4 alkyl. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -C (O) -NH2, In one preferred embodiment, R4 is -C (O) -NH2. In some embodiments, R4 is C3-5 carbocyclyl, a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl containing one ring nitrogen atom, or a 5-membered heteroaryl containing one or more ring nitrogen atoms, wherein the C3-5 carbocyclyl, the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl, or the 5-membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from NH2, halogen (e.g., F) and C1-4 alkyl. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is In one preferred embodiment, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is (C1-4 alkylene) - (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) , wherein the C1-4 alkylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from OH and halogen (e.g., F) , and the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl contains one ring nitrogen atom and is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen and C1-4 alkyl. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is (substituted C1-4 alkylene) - (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) , wherein the substituted C1-4 alkylene is -CH (OH) -, -CHF-, or -CF2-, and the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl is In some preferred embodiments, R4 is In some embodiments, R4 is selected from:
[0035] In some embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) -, or an optionally substituted -C1-4 alkylene- (such as -C1-2 alkylene-optionally substituted with OH or halogen (e.g., F) ) , and R4b is an optionally substituted 4-8 membered heterocyclyl. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -C (O) -, -CH2-, -CH (CH2OH) -, -CH (OH) CH2-, or -CF2-, and R4b is as defined herein. In any of the embodiments herein, unless otherwise specified, R4a can be -CH2-. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is as defined herein, and R4b is a 4-8 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclyl containing one or more ring nitrogen atoms (preferably, one or two ring nitrogen atoms, e.g., azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, ) and optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, CN, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl) , O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., OCH3) , NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., -CH2CF3, -CH2CH2CF3) , -C1-4 alkylene-CN, -C1-4 alkylene-OH, -C1-4 alkylene-O- (C1-4 alkyl) , C3-4 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) , -C1-4 alkylene-C3-4 cycloalkyl (e.g., -C1-4 alkylene-cyclopropyl) , and a 4-membered heterocyclyl containing one heteroatom selected from N, O and S (e.g., oxetanyl) . In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is as defined herein, and R4b is selected from: In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is as defined herein, and R4b is selected from: In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is as defined herein, such as -CH2-, and R4b is In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is as defined herein, and R4b is an optionally substituted 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl containing one or more ring nitrogen atoms. In some preferred embodiments, R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is as defined herein, and R4b is (such as ) .
[0036] In some embodiments, in Formula I-a, R4 is -L1a-NH2, wherein L1a is In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, R4 is -L1c-NH2, wherein L1c is -CH2-. In some embodiments, in Formula I-c, R4 is -L1c-NH2, wherein L1c is -C (O) -.
[0037] In Formula I-a, I-b, or any applicable subformula thereof: In some embodiments, R5 is -C (O) - (C1-4 alkyl) or -C (O) C (O) NH- (C1-4 alkyl) . In some preferred embodiments, R5 is -C (O) -CH3 or -C (O) C (O) NHCH3.
[0038] In Formula I-a: In some embodiments, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O- (C1-4 alkyl) , NH- (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , (C1-2 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 alkyl) , C (O) -NH- (C1-4 alkyl) , or C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is a C4-6 carbocyclic ring or a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, wherein said C4-6 carbocyclic ring (such as ) or said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is -C (O) -NH-CH3, -CH2-OH, -CH2-O-CH3, or In some embodiments, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is a C4-6 carbocyclic ring or a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, wherein said C4-6 carbocyclic ring or said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring (such as for example ) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , or C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R5 is (for example, ) .
[0039] In Formula I-b: In some embodiments, R5 is H.
[0040] In Formula I-c: In some embodiments, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form a 6-membered heterocyclic ring or a 6-membered heteroaryl ring, wherein the 6-membered heterocyclic ring or the 6-membered heteroaryl ring contains the ring nitrogen atom attached to Rc and R5 and optionally one additional ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, and wherein the 6-membered heterocyclic ring or the 6-membered heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-6 carbocyclyl, a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the C3-6 carbocyclyl, the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, the phenyl, or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F. In some preferred embodiments, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form wherein R31 at each occurrence is independently halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-6 carbocyclyl, a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the C3-6 carbocyclyl, the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, the phenyl, or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F, and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. It should be clear to those ordinarily skilled in the art that when a substitutent or a variable herein is defined as oxo (i.e., =O) , the substituent or variable is meant to replace two gem hydrogen atoms of a carbon atom in a structure. For example, in the foregoing structures, one R31 can be oxo, which even though a single instance, should be understood as replacing two gem hydrogens of a carbon atom in the structure as drawn. In some preferred embodiments, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form wherein R31 is as defined above, and R33 is H, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl. To be clear, the subscript “0-2” in connectin with R31 in the foregoing structures refers to 0, 1, or 2 independently selected R31. In some embodiments, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form a 9-membered bicyclic (e.g., fused or spiro) heterocyclic ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein the 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring or heteroaryl ring contains the ring nitrogen atom attached to Rc and R5 and optionally additional 1-3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, and wherein the 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-4 carbocyclyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclyl or the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F. In some preferred embodiments, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form wherein R32 at each occurrence is independently halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-4 carbocyclyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclyl or the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F, and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. To be clear, in such structures, R32 can be attached to an available position of either of the two rings of the bicyclic structures. In some preferred embodiments, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form wherein R32 and R33 are as defined above.
[0041] In Formula I-a-1-A: In some embodiments, R6 is C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, or C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R6 is C4-6 carbocyclic ring or 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, wherein said C4-6 carbocyclic ring (such as ) or said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R6 is -C (O) -NH-CH3, -CH2-OH, -CH2-O-CH3, or
[0042] In Formula I-b-1-A or I-b-2-A: In some embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and R11 at each occurrence is independently halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, n is 0.
[0043] In Formula I-b-3-A or I-b-4-A: In some embodiments, m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R12 at each occurrence is independently halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, m is 0.
[0044] In Formula I-c-1 or I-c-1-A: In some embodiments, R21 is H, C1-6 alkyl, or fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R21 is H or methyl.
[0045] In Formula I-c-2 or I-c-2-A: In some embodiments, R22 is H. In some embodiments, R22 is OH, NH2, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C1-2 alkylene-NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , NH-C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , or N (C1-4 alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R22 is a monocyclic or bicyclic C3-6 carbocyclyl, wherein said C3-6 carbocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R22 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R22 is R22a or O-R22a, wherein R22a is a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 4-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R22 is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl. In some preferred embodiments, R22 is NH2, CH3, -CH2-OH, N (CH3) 2, -CH2-O-CH3, -C (O) -NH-CH3, -N (CH3) -C (O) -CH3, cyclopropyl,
[0046] In Formula I-c-2 or I-c-2-A: In some preferred embodiments, R23 is H. In some embodiments, R23 is OH, NH2, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C1-2 alkylene-NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , NH-C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , or N (C1-4 alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R23 is C2-4 alkynyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-4 cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R23 is a monocyclic or bicyclic C3-6 carbocyclyl, wherein said C3-6 carbocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, R23 is phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R23 is R23a or O-R23a, wherein R23a is a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 4-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) . In some embodiments, R23 is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl. In some preferred embodiments, R23 is CH3, N (CH3) 2, cyclopropyl,
[0047] In Formula I-c-2 or I-c-2-A: In some embodiments, R22 and R23, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, or three ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., ) , wherein said C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclobutyl is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or OH, and wherein said 4-membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R22 and R23, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form wherein *represents the attachment with NH.
[0048] In Formula I-c-3 or I-c-3-A: In some embodiments, R24 and R24’ are each independently hydrogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R24 is H. In some embodiments, R24’ is H.
[0049] In Formula I-c-3 or I-c-3-A: In some embodiments, R24 and R24’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -.
[0050] In Formula I-c-3 or I-c-3-A: In some embodiments, R25 is H or C1-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R25 is H or methyl.
[0051] In Formula I-c-3 or I-c-3-A: In some embodiments, R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heterocyclic ring (such as wherein *represents the attachment with NH) .
[0052] In Formula I-c-3 or I-c-3-A: In some embodiments, R24, R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two or three ring nitrogen atoms (such as wherein *represents the attachment with NH) .
[0053] In Formula I-c-4 or I-c-4-A: In some embodiments, R26 and R27, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, or three ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., ) , wherein said C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclobutyl is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or OH, and wherein said 4-membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl. In some embodiments, R26 and R27, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form wherein*represents the attachment with NH.
[0054] In Formula I-c-4 or I-c-4-A: In some embodiments, Y1 is NH or CH2.
[0055] In Formula I-c-5: In some embodiments, both R14 and R14’ are H. In some embodiments, R14 is C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -OH (such as -CH2-OH) , (C1-4 alkylene) -CN (such as -CH2-CN) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., CH2F) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CH3) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 haloalkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CHF2) , or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., oxetanyl) , and R14’ is H. In some embodiments, R14 is C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -OH (such as -CH2-OH) , (C1-4 alkylene) -CN (such as -CH2-CN) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., CH2F) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CH3) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 haloalkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CHF2) , or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., oxetanyl) , and R14’ is C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, R14 is methyl, -CH2-OH, -CH2-CN, CH2F, CH2-O-CH3, CH2-O-CHF2, or oxetanyl, and R14’ is H. In some embodiments, R14 and R14’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl ring containing one ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, such as In some embodiments, R14 and R14’ , together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring containing one ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, such as (for example, ) or
[0056] In some embodiments, when R14 and R14’ are different, the carbon connecting R14 and R14’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, when R14 and R14’ are different, the carbon connecting R14 and R14’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, with respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0057] In Formula I-c-5: In some embodiments, both R15 and R15’ are H. In some embodiments, R15 is C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -OH (such as -CH2-OH) , (C1-4 alkylene) -CN (such as -CH2-CN) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., CH2F) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CH3) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 haloalkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CHF2) , or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., oxetanyl) , and R15’ is H or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) . In some embodiments, R15 is methyl, -CH2-OH, -CH2-CN, CH2F, CH2-O-CH3, CH2-O-CHF2, or oxetanyl, and R15’ is H.
[0058] In some embodiments, when R15 and R15’ are different, the carbon connecting R15 and R15’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, when R15 and R15’ are different, the carbon connecting R15 and R15’ in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in In some embodiments, with respect to the chiral carbon, the compound has an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50% (e.g., 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, 99%ee or more) .
[0059] In some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a compound selected from those as shown in Table A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Table A. Exemplary compounds of the present disclosure In some embodiments, the compounds in Table A can exist as an individual stereoisomer (e.g., an individual enantiomer) , or a mixture of stereoisomers (e.g., two enantiomers) in any ratio.
[0060] The compounds of the present disclosure can be readily synthesized by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure. Exemplified synthesis is also shown in the Examples section.
[0061] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. Suitable protecting groups for various functional groups as well as suitable conditions for protecting and deprotecting particular functional groups are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups are described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” , 4th ed. P.G.M. Wuts; T. W. Greene, John Wiley, 2007, and references cited therein. The reagents for the reactions described herein are generally known compounds or can be prepared by known procedures or obvious modifications thereof. For example, many of the reagents are available from commercial suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) , Sigma (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) . Others may be prepared by procedures, or obvious modifications thereof, described in standard reference texts such as Fieser and Fieser's Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Volumes 1-15 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991) , Rodd's Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Volumes 1-5 and Supplemental (Elsevier Science Publishers, 1989) , Organic Reactions, Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley and Sons, 1991) , March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, (Wiley, 7th Edition) , and Larock's Comprehensive Organic Transformations (Wiley-VCH, 1999) , and any of available updates as of this filing. Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0062] Certain embodiments are directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure.
[0063] The pharmaceutical composition can optionally contain a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, encapsulating materials or additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, binders, buffers, carriers, coating agents, coloring agents, diluents, disintegrating agents, emulsifiers, extenders, fillers, flavoring agents, humectants, lubricants, perfumes, preservatives, propellants, releasing agents, sterilizing agents, sweeteners, solubilizers, wetting agents and mixtures thereof. See also Remington's The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st Edition, A. R. Gennaro (Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, Baltimore, Md., 2005; incorporated herein by reference) , which discloses various excipients used in formulating pharmaceutical compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof.
[0064] The pharmaceutical composition can include any one or more of the compounds of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g., in a therapeutically effective amount. In any of the embodiments described herein, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the compounds shown in Examples section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In any of the embodiments described herein, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some preferred embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure for the pharmaceutical compositions herein are selected from those compounds that have an IC50 values less than 1 micromolar (preferably less than 100 nM, or less than 50 nM) when tested in the PI3Ka_E545K kinase assay.
[0065] The pharmaceutical composition can also be formulated for delivery via any of the known routes of delivery, which include but are not limited to oral, parenteral, inhalation, etc.
[0066] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can be formulated for oral administration. The oral formulations can be presented in discrete units, such as capsules, pills, cachets, lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of the active compound; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. Excipients for the preparation of compositions for oral administration are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, agar, alginic acid, aluminum hydroxide, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, 1, 3-butylene glycol, carbomers, castor oil, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cocoa butter, corn starch, corn oil, cottonseed oil, cross-povidone, diglycerides, ethanol, ethyl cellulose, ethyl laureate, ethyl oleate, fatty acid esters, gelatin, germ oil, glucose, glycerol, groundnut oil, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, isopropanol, isotonic saline, lactose, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium stearate, malt, mannitol, monoglycerides, olive oil, peanut oil, potassium phosphate salts, potato starch, povidone, propylene glycol, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium phosphate salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium sorbitol, soybean oil, stearic acids, stearyl fumarate, sucrose, talc, surfactants, tragacanth, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, triglycerides, water, and mixtures thereof.
[0067] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for parenteral administration (such as intravenous injection or infusion, subcutaneous or intramuscular injection) . The parenteral formulations can be, for example, an aqueous solution, a suspension, or an emulsion. Excipients for the preparation of parenteral formulations are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, 1, 3-butanediol, castor oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, dextrose, germ oil, groundnut oil, liposomes, oleic acid, olive oil, peanut oil, Ringer's solution, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, U.S.P. or isotonic sodium chloride solution, water and mixtures thereof.
[0068] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for inhalation. The inhalable formulations can be, for example, formulated as a nasal spray, dry powder, or an aerosol administrable through a metered-dose inhaler. Excipients for preparing formulations for inhalation are known in the art. Non-limiting suitable excipients include, for example, lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, and mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally contain propellants, such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons and volatile unsubstituted hydrocarbons, such as butane and propane.
[0069] The pharmaceutical composition can include various amounts of the compounds of the present disclosure, depending on various factors such as the intended use and potency and selectivity of the compounds. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of the present disclosure and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. As used herein, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure is an amount effective to treat a disease or disorder as described herein, such as a cancer described herein, which can depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disease or disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency (e.g., for inhibiting PI3K) , its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered.
[0070] For veterinary use, a compound of the present disclosure can be administered as a suitably acceptable formulation in accordance with normal veterinary practice. The veterinarian can readily determine the dosing regimen and route of administration that is most appropriate for a particular animal.
[0071] In some embodiments, all the necessary components for the treatment of PI3K associated diseases or disorders using a compound of the present disclosure either alone or in combination with another agent or intervention traditionally used for the treatment of such disease can be packaged into a kit. Specifically, in some embodiments, the present invention provides a kit for use in the therapeutic intervention of the disease comprising a packaged set of medicaments that include the compound disclosed herein as well as buffers and other components for preparing deliverable forms of said medicaments, and / or devices for delivering such medicaments, and / or any agents that are used in combination therapy with the compound of the present disclosure, and / or instructions for the treatment of the disease packaged with the medicaments. The instructions may be fixed in any tangible medium, such as printed paper, or a computer readable magnetic or optical medium, or instructions to reference a remote computer data source such as a world wide web page accessible via the internet. Method of Treatment
[0072] Compounds of the present disclosure are useful as therapeutic active substances, for example, as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition, for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of diseases or disorders that are associated with the activity of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) , in particular, PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) , such as those with an activating mutation, e.g., at least one mutation selected from H1047R, E542K, and E545K mutations. Such diseases or disorders include proliferative diseases (e.g., cancer) . In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can be used as active pharmaceutical ingredient for the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an active mutation of PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) , wherein the active mutation includes at least one mutation selected from H1047R, E542K, and E545K mutations. In some embodiments, the active mutation is E545K. In some embodiments, the active mutation is H1047R. Preferably, such compounds can selectively inhibit the active mutant form of PI3Ka over wild-type PI3Ka. Exemplified compounds with such selectivity are shown herein in the Examples section and can also be readily determined by methods known in the art and those examplied herein by comparing the IC50 values of a compound against a mutant cell line and a cell line with wild-type PI3Ka.
[0073] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of inhibiting the activity of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) , in particular, PI3K-alpha (PI3Ka) , in a cell comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . As used herein, the term "cell" is meant to refer to a cell that is in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo. In some embodiments, an ex vivo cell can be part of a tissue sample excised from an organism such as a mammal. In some embodiments, an in vitro cell can be a cell in a cell culture. In some embodiments, an in vivo cell is a cell living in an organism such as a mammal. As used herein, the term "contacting" refers to the bringing together of indicated moieties in an in vitro system or an in vivo system. For example, "contacting" the PI3K with a compound of the present disclosure includes the administration of a compound of the present disclosure to a subject, such as a human, having PI3K, as well as, for example, introducing a compound of the present disclosure into a sample containing a cellular or purified preparation containing PI3K enzyme. The term "PI3K inhibitor" such as a PI3Ka inhibitor refers to an agent capable of inhibiting the activity of PI3K.
[0074] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease associated with activity or expression, including abnormal activity and / or overexpression, of PI3K in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) . Examples of diseases can include any disease, disorder or condition that is directly or indirectly linked to expression or activity of PI3K enzyme, such as over expression or abnormal activity. A PI3K-associated disease can also include any disease, disorder or condition that can be prevented, ameliorated, or cured by modulating PI3K enzyme activity. Examples of PI3K associated diseases include various cancer described herein. In any of the embodiments described herein, unless specified or otherwise contrary, the PI3K enzyme can be a PI3Ka enzyme, such as those having an H1047R, E542K, or E545K mutation. Examples of PI3K associated cancer include cancers such as breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, or prostate cancer. Examples of PI3K associated diseases also include CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) . In some embodiments, the disease of disorder associated with PI3K is a cancer (e.g., described herein, such as breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, or prostate cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, or melanoma) . In some embodiments, the disease or disorder associated with PI3K includes, but is not limited to, CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) , endometrial cancer, breast cancer, esophageal squamous-cell cancer, cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, cervical adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, glioblastoma, ovarian cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, esophagogastric cancer, nerve-sheath tumor, head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, melanoma, esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, soft-tissue sarcoma, prostate cancer, fibrolamellar carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse glioma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, mesothelioma, adrenocortical carcinoma, renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, renal clear-cell carcinoma, germ-cell carcinoma, thymic tumor, pheochromocytoma, miscellane. Additional diseases or disorders associated with PI3K are described herein and also include those described in WO 2021 / 202964, WO 2022 / 235574, WO 2022235575, WO 2022251482, WO2021 / 222556, WO2022265993, WO2023 / 018636, and WO2023 / 288242.
[0075] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. In some embodiments, the cancer is associated with PI3K, such as PI3Ka. In some embodiments, the cancer is breast, endometrial, gastric, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, head-and-neck, liver, lung, or prostate cancer. Additional cancer suitable to be treated include those described herein.
[0076] In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) , acute myeloid leukemia (AML) , adrenocortical carcinoma, aids-related cancers, aids-related lymphoma, anal cancer, astrocytoma, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, brain tumors, breast cancer, bronchial tumors, Burkitt lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, cancer of unknown primary, cardiac (heart) tumors, atypical teratoid / rhabdoid tumor, primary CNS lymphoma, cervical cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, chordoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) , chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) , colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) , embryonal tumors, medulloblastoma, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, extracranial germ cell tumor, extragonadal germ cell tumor, fallopian tube cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) , germ cell tumors, gestational trophoblastic disease, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Hodgkin lymphoma, islet cell tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, Kaposi sarcoma, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, male breast cancer, intraocular melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, metastatic cancer, metastatic squamous neck cancer, midline tract carcinoma with nut gene changes, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, multiple myeloma / plasma cell neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, myelodysplastic neoplasms, myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, oral cancer, lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (islet cell tumors) , papillomatosis, paraganglioma, paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer, parathyroid cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, pheochromocytoma, pituitary tumor, plasma cell neoplasm, multiple myeloma, pleuropulmonary blastoma, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, primary peritoneal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, recurrent cancer, renal cell (kidney) cancer, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma, childhood vascular tumors, skin cancer, small cell lung cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, testicular cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, thymoma, thymic carcinoma, thyroid cancer, tracheobronchial tumors, transitional cell cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, urethral cancer, uterine sarcoma, vaginal cancer, vascular tumors, vulvar cancer, and Wilms tumor.
[0077] In some embodiments, the cancer is Endometrial cancer, Breast cancer, Oesophageal squamous-cell cancer, Cervical squamous-cell carcinoma, Cervical adenocarcinoma, Colorectal adenocarcinoma, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Glioblastoma, Ovarian cancer, Non-small-cell Lung cancer, Esophagogastric cancer, Nerve-sheath tumor, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Melanoma, Esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, Soft-tissue sarcoma, Prostate cancer, Fibrolamellar carcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Diffuse glioma, Colorectal cancer, Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, B-cell lymphoma, Mesothelioma, Adrenocortical carcinoma, Renal non-clear-cell carcinoma, Renal clear-cell carcinoma, Germ-cell carcinoma, Thymic tumor, Pheochromocytoma, Miscellaneous neuroepithelial tumor, thyroid cancer, leukemia, or encapsulated glioma.
[0078] In some embodiments, the cancer is a breast cancer, a prostate cancer, or a brain cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a breast cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a brain cancer.
[0079] In some embodiments, the breast cancer is metastatic breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) . In some embodiments, the breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is triple negative breast cancer. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is medullary carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is tubular carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is mucinous carcinoma. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is Paget disease of the breast or nipple. In some embodiments, the breast cancer is inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) .
[0080] In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is an adenocarcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a small cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a neuroendocrine tumor. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a transitional cell carcinoma. In some embodiments, the prostate cancer is a sarcoma.
[0081] In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an acoustic neuroma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an astrocytoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a brain metastasis. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is choroid plexus carcinoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is craniopharyngioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an embryonal tumor. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an ependymoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a glioblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a glioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a medulloblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a meningioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is an oligodendroglioma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pediatric brain tumor. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pineoblastoma. In some embodiments, the brain cancer is a pituitary tumor.
[0082] In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer, head and neck cancer, or a sarcoma.
[0083] In some embodiments, the cancer is endometrial cancer. In some embodiments the cancer is head and neck cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is a sarcoma.
[0084] In some embodiments, the sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myofibrosarcoma, chordoma, adamantinoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, or malignant solitary fibrous tumor.
[0085] In some embodiments, the sarcoma is soft tissue sarcoma. In some embodiments the soft tissue sarcoma is liposarcoma, atypical lipomatous tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, malignant solitary fibrous tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, giant cell tumor of soft tissues, leiomyosarcoma, malignant glomus tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma of soft tissue, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) , malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, malignant Triton tumor, malignant granular cell tumor, malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumor, stromal sarcoma, myoepithelial carcinoma, malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, synovial sarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue, extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor, perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, intimal sarcoma, undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, undifferentiated epithelioid sarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma, not otherwise specified.
[0086] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a disease or disorder in a subject, the method comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure (e.g., a compound of Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any compound selected from the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition described herein, wherein the disease or disorder is selected from CLOVES syndrome (congenial lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) , breast cancer, brain cancer, prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, or head and neck cancer. In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is leukemia, lymphoma, or sarcoma.
[0087] In some preferred embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure for the methods herein are selected from those compounds that have an IC50 values less than 1 micromolar (preferably less than 100 nM, or less than 50 nM) when tested in the PI3Ka_E545K kinase assay.
[0088] Compounds of the present disclosure can be used as a monotherapy or in a combination therapy. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with a targeted therapeutic agent, chemotherapeutic agent, therapeutic antibody, radiation, cell therapy, and / or immunotherapy. In some embodiments, compounds of the present disclosure can also be co-administered with an additional pharmaceutically active compound, either concurrently or sequentially in any order, to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the combination therapy includes treating the subject with one or more additional therapies such as chemotherapeutics or other anti-cancer agents.
[0089] Combination therapy also can include the administration of the therapeutic agents as described above in further combination with other biologically active ingredients and / or non-drug therapies (e.g., surgery or radiation treatment. )
[0090] The administering for the methods herein is not limited to any particular route of administration. For example, in some embodiments, the administering can be orally, nasally, transdermally, pulmonary, inhalationally, buccally, sublingually, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, rectally, intrapleurally, intrathecally or parenterally. In some embodiments, the administering is orally.
[0091] Dosing regimen including doses can vary and can be adjusted, which can depend on the recipient of the treatment, the disease or disorder being treated and the severity thereof, the composition containing the compound, the time of administration, the route of administration, the duration of treatment, the compound potency, its rate of clearance and whether or not another drug is co-administered. Definitions
[0092] It is meant to be understood that proper valences are maintained for all moieties and combinations thereof.
[0093] It is also meant to be understood that a specific embodiment of a variable moiety herein can be the same or different as another specific embodiment having the same identifier.
[0094] Suitable atoms or groups for the variables herein are independently selected. The definitions of the variables can be combined. Using Formula I as an example, any of the definitions of one of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Ra, Rb, Rc, L1a, L1c, L2, R11, R12, n, m, R21, R22, R23, R24, R24’ , R25, R26, R27, R28, R28’ , R28” , R31, R32, R33, R41, R42, and Y1 in Formula I or any applicable subformula thereof can be combined with any of the definitions of the others of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Ra, Rb, Rc, L1a, L1c, L2, R11, R12, n, m, R21, R22, R23, R24, R24’ , R25, R26, R27, R28, R28’ , R28” , R31, R32, R33, R41, R42, and Y1 in Formula I or the applicable subformula. Such combination is contemplated and within the scope of the present invention.
[0095] Non-limiting useful groups for the variables in compounds of Formula I, or a subformula thereof, as applicable, include any of the respective groups, individually or in any combination, as shown in the Examples or in the specific compounds described in Table A herein. In addition, it is to be understood that the definition of a variable in Formula I can have the same definition for the variable defined in a subformula of Formula I. Similarly, unless otherwise specified or contrary from context, the definition of a subformula of Formula I can have the same definition for the variable defined in connection with Formula I or another subformula of Formula I.
[0096] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. The chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Thomas Sorrell, Organic Chemistry, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; and Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987. The disclosure is not intended to be limited in any manner by the exemplary listing of substituents described herein.
[0097] Compounds of the present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers and / or axial chirality, and thus can exist in various isomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and / or diastereomers. For example, the compounds described herein can be in the form of an individual enantiomer, diastereomer, atropisomer, or geometric isomer, or can be in the form of a mixture of stereoisomers, including racemic mixtures and mixtures enriched in one or more stereoisomers. Isomers can be isolated from mixtures by methods known to those skilled in the art, including chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and the formation and crystallization of chiral salts; or preferred isomers can be prepared by asymmetric syntheses. See, for example, Jacques et al., Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolutions (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981) ; Wilen et al., Tetrahedron 33: 2725 (1977) ; Eliel, Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds (McGraw–Hill, NY, 1962) ; and Wilen, Tables of Resolving Agents and Optical Resolutions p. 268 (E. L. Eliel, Ed., Univ. of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN 1972) . The disclosure additionally encompasses compounds described herein as individual isomers substantially free of other isomers, and alternatively, as mixtures of various isomers including racemic mixtures. When a stereochemistry is specifically drawn, it should be understood that with respect to that particular chiral center or axial chirality, the compound exists predominantly as the as-drawn stereoisomer, such as with less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 1%, by weight, by HPLC or SFC area, or both, or with a non-detectable amount of the other stereoisomer (s) , for example, having an enantiomeric excess ( “ee” ) of greater than 50%, such as 60%ee or more, 80%ee or more, 90%ee or more, 95%ee or more, 98%ee or more, or 99%ee or more. The presence and / or amounts of stereoisomers can be determined by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure, including through the use of chiral HPLC or SFC.
[0098] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example, “C1–6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1–6, C1–5, C1–4, C1–3, C1–2, C2–6, C2–5, C2–4, C2–3, C3–6, C3–5, C3–4, C4–6, C4–5, and C5–6.
[0099] As used herein, the term “compound (s) of the present disclosure” or “compound (s) of the present invention” refers to any of the compounds described herein according to Formula I (e.g., I-a, I-b, I-c, I-a-1, I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-a-1-A, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, I-b-4-A, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A) , any of compounds shown in Table A and in the Examples section, isotopically labeled compound (s) thereof (such as a deuterated analog wherein one or more of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a deuterium atom (s) with an abundance above its natural abundance) , possible stereoisomers thereof (including diastereoisomers, enantiomers, and racemic mixtures) , geometric isomers thereof, atropisomers thereof, tautomers thereof, conformational isomers thereof, and / or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof (e.g., acid addition salt such as HCl salt or base addition salt such as Na salt) . Hydrates and solvates of the compounds of the present disclosure are considered compositions of the present disclosure, wherein the compound (s) is in association with water or solvent, respectively.
[0100] Compounds of the present disclosure can exist in isotope-labeled or -enriched form containing one or more atoms having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most abundantly found in nature. Isotopes can be radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes. Isotopes of atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine include, but are not limited to 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 32P, 35S, 18F, 36Cl, and 125I. Compounds that contain other isotopes of these and / or other atoms are within the scope of this invention.
[0101] As used herein, the term "one or more" refers to one or more than one. For example, in some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one or two. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two or three. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two, three, or four. In some embodiments, the term "one or more" refers to one, two, three, four, or five.
[0102] As used herein, the term "alkyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a straight-or branched-chain aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon. In some embodiments, the alkyl which can include one to twelve carbon atoms (i.e., C1-12 alkyl) or the number of carbon atoms designated (i.e., a C1 alkyl such as methyl, a C2 alkyl such as ethyl, a C3 alkyl such as propyl or isopropyl, etc. ) . In one embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain C3-10 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a branched chain C3-6 alkyl group. In another embodiment, the alkyl group is a straight chain C1-4 alkyl group. For example, a C1-4 alkyl group as used herein refers to a group selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl) , isopropyl, butyl (n-butyl) , sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and iso-butyl. An optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl group refers to the C1-4 alkyl group as defined, optionally substituted with one or more permissible substituents as described herein. As used herein, the term "alkylene" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a divalent radical derived from an alkyl group, i.e., by removing any one hydrogen atom from the alkyl group. For example, non-limiting straight chain alkylene groups, i.e., (CH2) n, include -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-CH2-, -CH2-CH2-, and the like. In some embodiments, unless otherwise specified or contrary from context, an alkylene group herein can be a straight chain alkylene group.
[0103] As used herein, the term "heteroalkyl, " by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched-chain alkyl group, e.g., having from 2 to 14 carbons, such as 2 to 10 carbons in the chain, one or more of the carbons has been replaced by a heteroatom selected from S, O, P and N, and wherein the nitrogen, phosphine, and sulfur atoms can optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom can optionally be quaternized. The heteroatom (s) S, O, P and N may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group or at the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule. When the heteroalkyl is said to be substituted, the substituent (s) can replace one or more hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom (s) and / or the heteroatom (s) of the heteroalkyl. In some embodiments, the heteroalkyl is a C1-4 heteroalkyl, which refers to the heteroalkyl defined herein having 1-4 carbon atoms. Examples of C1-4 heteroalkyl include, but are not limited to, C4 heteroalkyl such as -CH2-CH2-N (CH3) -CH3, C3 heteroalkyl such as -CH2-CH2-O-CH3, -CH2-CH2-NH-CH3, -CH2-S-CH2-CH3, -CH2-CH2-S (O) -CH3, -CH2-CH2-S (O) 2-CH3, C2 heteroalkyl such as -CH2-CH2-OH, -CH2-CH2-NH2, -CH2-NH (CH3) , -O-CH2-CH3 and C1 heteroalkyl such as, -CH2-OH, -CH2-NH2, -O-CH3. Preferably, the C1-4 heteroalkyl (or C1-4 heteroalkylene) herein contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms, such as one oxygen, one nitrogen, two oxygens, two nitrogens, or one oxygen and one nitrogen. Similarly, the term "heteroalkylene" by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent radical derived from heteroalkyl, as exemplified, but not limited by, -CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-and -O-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-. For heteroalkylene groups, heteroatoms can also occupy either or both of the chain termini (e.g., alkyleneoxy, alkylenedioxy, alkyleneamino, alkylenediamino, and the like) . Still further, for alkylene and heteroalkylene linking groups, no orientation of the linking group is implied by the direction in which the formula of the linking group is written. Where "heteroalkyl" is recited, followed by recitations of specific heteroalkyl groups, such as -NR'R” or the like, it will be understood that the terms heteroalkyl and -NR'R” are not redundant or mutually exclusive. Rather, the specific heteroalkyl groups are recited to add clarity. Thus, the term "heteroalkyl" should not be interpreted herein as excluding specific heteroalkyl groups, such as -NR'R” or the like.
[0104] As used herein, the term "alkenyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one, two or three carbon-to-carbon double bonds. In one embodiment, the alkenyl group is a C2-6 alkenyl group. In another embodiment, the alkenyl group is a C2-4 alkenyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, sec-butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.
[0105] As used herein, the term "alkynyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined above containing one to three carbon-to-carbon triple bonds. In one embodiment, the alkynyl has one carbon-carbon triple bond. In one embodiment, the alkynyl group is a C2-6 alkynyl group. In another embodiment, the alkynyl group is a C2-4 alkynyl group. Non-limiting exemplary alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, 2-butynyl, pentynyl, and hexynyl groups.
[0106] As used herein, the term "alkoxy" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of the formula ORa1, wherein Ra1 is an alkyl.
[0107] As used herein, the term "haloalkyl" as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, bromine and / or iodine atoms. In preferred embodiments, the haloalkyl is an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three fluorine atoms. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-10 haloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-6 haloalkyl group. In one embodiment, the haloalkyl group is a C1-4 haloalkyl group.
[0108] “Carbocyclyl” or “carbocyclic” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–10 carbocyclyl” ) and zero heteroatoms in the non-aromatic ring system. The carbocyclyl group can be either monocyclic ( “monocyclic carbocyclyl” ) or contain a fused, bridged or spiro ring system such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic carbocyclyl” ) and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. In a bicyclic carbocyclyl, one of the rings can be an aryl ring, provided that the bicyclic carbocyclic as a whole is non-aromatic. Non-limiting exemplary carbocyclyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, norbornyl, decalin, adamantyl, cyclopentenyl, and cyclohexenyl.
[0109] In some embodiments, “carbocyclyl” is a saturated carbocyclyl group having from 3 to 14 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–14 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–10 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms ( “C3–8 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 6 ring carbon atoms ( “C5–6 cycloalkyl” ) . In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group has 5 to 10 ring carbon atoms ( “C5–10 cycloalkyl” ) .
[0110] “Heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a 3-to 14-membered non-aromatic ring system having ring carbon atoms and 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon ( “3-14 membered heterocyclyl” ) . In heterocyclyl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. A heterocyclyl group can either be monocyclic (“monocyclic heterocyclyl” ) or a fused, bridged, or spiro ring system, such as a bicyclic system ( “bicyclic heterocyclyl” ) , and can be saturated or can be partially unsaturated. Heterocyclyl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. In a bicyclic heterocyclyl, one of the rings can be a carbocyclic ring, an aryl ring, or a heteroaryl ring, provided that the bicyclic heterocyclyl as a whole is non-aromatic.
[0111] Exemplary 3-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azirdinyl, oxiranyl, thiiranyl. Exemplary 4-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azetidinyl, oxetanyl and thietanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, pyrrolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, and pyrrolyl-2, 5-dione. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, dioxolanyl, oxasulfuranyl, disulfuranyl, and oxazolidin-2-one. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolinyl, oxadiazolinyl, and thiadiazolinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, and thianyl. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, dithianyl, and dioxanyl. Exemplary 7-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepanyl, oxepanyl and thiepanyl. Exemplary 8-membered heterocyclyl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azocanyl, oxecanyl and thiocanyl. Exemplary 5-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to a C6 aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 5, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, benzoxazolinonyl, and the like. Exemplary 6-membered heterocyclyl groups fused to an aryl ring (also referred to herein as a 6, 6-bicyclic heterocyclic ring) include, without limitation, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and the like.
[0112] “Aryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a monocyclic or polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic or tricyclic) 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6, 10, or 14 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having 6-14 ring carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system ( “C6–14 aryl” ) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has six ring carbon atoms ( “C6 aryl” ; e.g., phenyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has ten ring carbon atoms ( “C10 aryl” ; e.g., naphthyl such as 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl) . In some embodiments, an aryl group has fourteen ring carbon atoms ( “C14 aryl” ; e.g., anthracyl) .
[0113] “Aralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more aryl groups, preferably, substituted with one aryl group. Examples of aralkyl include benzyl, phenethyl, etc. When an aralkyl is said to be optionally substituted, either the alkyl portion or the aryl portion of the aralkyl can be optionally substituted.
[0114] “Heteroaryl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to a radical of a 5-14 membered monocyclic or bicyclic 4n+2 aromatic ring system (e.g., having 6 or 10 pi electrons shared in a cyclic array) having ring carbon atoms and 1-4 ring heteroatoms provided in the aromatic ring system, wherein each heteroatom is independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur ( “5-14 membered heteroaryl” ) . In heteroaryl groups that contain one or more nitrogen atoms, the point of attachment can be a carbon or nitrogen atom, as valency permits. Heteroaryl bicyclic ring systems can include one or more heteroatoms in one or both rings. Bicyclic heteroaryl groups wherein one ring does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., indolyl, quinolinyl, and the like) the point of attachment can be on either ring, i.e., either the ring bearing a heteroatom (e.g., 2-indolyl) or the ring that does not contain a heteroatom (e.g., 5-indolyl) . For the avoidance of doubt, the term “heteroaryl” herein also includes those heteroaromatic rings in which a nitrogen is oxidized, such as pyridinyl N-oxide, and those heteroaromatic rings in which one or more ring carbon atom exists as C (O) in one tautomeric form, such as pyridonyl.
[0115] Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyrrolyl, furanyl, and thiophenyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, and isothiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing three heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl. Exemplary 5-membered heteroaryl groups containing four heteroatoms include, without limitation, tetrazolyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, pyridinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing two heteroatoms include, without limitation, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, and pyrazinyl. Exemplary 6-membered heteroaryl groups containing three or four heteroatoms include, without limitation, triazinyl and tetrazinyl, respectively. Exemplary 7-membered heteroaryl groups containing one heteroatom include, without limitation, azepinyl, oxepinyl, and thiepinyl. Exemplary 5, 6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, isobenzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzoisofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, benzthiadiazolyl, indolizinyl, and purinyl. Exemplary 6, 6-bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, and quinazolinyl.
[0116] “Heteroaralkyl” as used by itself or as part of another group refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more heteroaryl groups, preferably, substituted with one heteroaryl group. When a heteroaralkyl is said to be optionally substituted, either the alkyl portion or the heteroaryl portion of the heteroaralkyl can be optionally substituted.
[0117] As commonly understood by those skilled in the art, alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, carbocyclylene, heterocyclylene, arylene, and heteroarylene refer to the corresponding divalent radicals of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl groups, respectively, i.e., by removing any one hydrogen atom from the respective group.
[0118] An “optionally substituted” group, such as an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted aryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, refers to the respective group that is unsubstituted or substituted. In general, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that at least one hydrogen present on a group (e.g., a carbon or nitrogen atom) is replaced with a permissible substituent, e.g., a substituent which upon substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., a compound which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, or other reaction. Unless otherwise indicated, a “substituted” group has a substituent at one or more substitutable positions of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure is substituted, the substituent can be the same or different at each position. Typically, when substituted, the optionally substituted groups herein can be substituted with 1-5 substituents. Substituents can be a carbon atom substituent, a nitrogen atom substituent, an oxygen atom substituent or a sulfur atom substituent, as applicable.
[0119] Unless expressly stated to the contrary, combinations of substituents and / or variables are allowable only if such combinations are chemically allowed and result in a stable compound. A “stable” compound is a compound that can be prepared and isolated and whose structure and properties remain or can be caused to remain essentially unchanged for a period of time sufficient to allow use of the compound for the purposes described herein (e.g., therapeutic administration to a subject) .
[0120] In some embodiments, the “optionally substituted” non-aromatic group herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, phenyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, or independently selected from Br, I, -NH2 and -CN, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl (e.g., CF3) , C1-4 alkoxy and fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, or independently selected from Cl, Br, I, -NH2 and -CN. In some embodiments, the “optionally substituted” aromatic group (including aryl and heteroaryl groups) herein can be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, -OH, -CN, C1-4 alkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, C2-4 alkynyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkoxy, phenyl, 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl containing 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms or even 3 or 4 ring heteroatoms independently selected from O, S, and N, or independently selected from Br, I and -NH2, wherein each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkoxy, phenyl, heteroaryl, and heterocyclyl, is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents or even 4 or 5 substituents independently selected from F, -OH, oxo (as applicable) , C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy and fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkoxy, or independently selected from Cl, Br, -NH2 and -CN.
[0121] Exemplary carbon atom substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen, -CN, -NO2, -N3, -SO2H, -SO3H, -OH, -ORaa, -ON (Rbb) 2, -N (Rbb) 2, -N (Rbb) 3+X-, -N (ORcc) Rbb, -SH, -SRaa, -SSRcc, -C (=O) Raa, -CO2H, -CHO, -C (ORcc) 2, -CO2Raa, -OC (=O) Raa, -OCO2Raa, -C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -NRbbC (=O) Raa, -NRbbCO2Raa, -NRbbC (=O) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=NRbb) Raa, -C (=NRbb) ORaa, -OC (=NRbb) Raa, -OC (=NRbb) ORaa, -C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -OC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -NRbbC (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, -NRbbSO2Raa, -SO2N (Rbb) 2, -SO2Raa, -SO2ORaa, -OSO2Raa, -S (=O) Raa, -OS (=O) Raa, -Si (Raa) 3, -OSi (Raa) 3 -C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, -C (=O) SRaa, -C (=S) SRaa, -SC (=S) SRaa, -SC (=O) SRaa, -OC (=O) SRaa, -SC (=O) ORaa, -SC (=O) Raa, -P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) (ORcc) 2, -OP (=O) (Raa) 2, -OP (=O) (ORcc) 2, -P (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, -OP (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (Raa) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (ORcc) 2, -NRbbP (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, -P (Rcc) 2, -P (ORcc) 2, -P (Rcc) 3+X-, -P (ORcc) 3+X-, -P (Rcc) 4, -P (ORcc) 4, -OP (Rcc) 2, -OP (Rcc) 3+X-, -OP (ORcc) 2, -OP (ORcc) 3+X-, -OP (Rcc) 4, -OP (ORcc) 4, -B (Raa) 2, -B (ORcc) 2, -BRaa (ORcc) , C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X-is a counterion; or two geminal hydrogens on a carbon atom are replaced with the group =O, =S, =NN (Rbb) 2, =NNRbbC (=O) Raa, =NNRbbC (=O) ORaa, =NNRbbS (=O) 2Raa, =NRbb, or =NORcc; each instance of Raa is, independently, selected from C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Raa groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rbb is, independently, selected from hydrogen, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –CN, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, -P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rcc) 2) 2, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rbb groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; wherein X-is a counterion; each instance of Rcc is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups; each instance of Rdd is, independently, selected from halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, – SO3H, –OH, –ORee, –ON (Rff) 2, –N (Rff) 2, –N (Rff) 3+X–, –N (ORee) Rff, –SH, –SRee, –SSRee, –C (=O) Ree, –CO2H, –CO2Ree, –OC (=O) Ree, –OCO2Ree, –C (=O) N (Rff) 2, –OC (=O) N (Rff) 2, –NRffC (=O) Ree, –NRffCO2Ree, –NRffC (=O) N (Rff) 2, –C (=NRff) ORee, –OC (=NRff) Ree, –OC (=NRff) ORee, –C (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –OC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –NRffC (=NRff) N (Rff) 2, –NRffSO2Ree, –SO2N (Rff) 2, –SO2Ree, –SO2ORee, –OSO2Ree, –S (=O) Ree, –Si (Ree) 3, –OSi (Ree) 3, –C (=S) N (Rff) 2, –C (=O) SRee, –C (=S) SRee, –SC (=S) SRee, –P (=O) (ORee) 2, –P (=O) (Ree) 2, –OP (=O) (Ree) 2, –OP (=O) (ORee) 2, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups, or two geminal Rdd substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X-is a counterion; each instance of Ree is, independently, selected from C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, and 3–10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups; each instance of Rff is, independently, selected from hydrogen, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, C6–10 aryl and 5–10 membered heteroaryl, or two Rff groups are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rgg groups; and each instance of Rgg is, independently, halogen, –CN, –NO2, –N3, –SO2H, –SO3H, –OH, – OC1–6 alkyl, –ON (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –N (C1–6 alkyl) 3+X–, –NH (C1–6 alkyl) 2+X–, –NH2 (C1–6 alkyl) +X–, –NH3+X–, –N (OC1–6 alkyl) (C1–6 alkyl) , –N (OH) (C1–6 alkyl) , –NH (OH) , –SH, –SC1–6 alkyl, –SS (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –CO2H, –CO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –OCO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=O) NH2, –C (=O) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OC (=O) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –N (C1–6 alkyl) C (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHCO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –NHC (=O) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –NHC (=O) NH2, –C (=NH) O (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=NH) (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (=NH) OC1–6 alkyl, –C (=NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –C (=NH) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=NH) NH2, –OC (=NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OC (NH) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –OC (NH) NH2, –NHC (NH) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –NHC (=NH) NH2, –NHSO2 (C1–6 alkyl) , –SO2N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –SO2NH (C1–6 alkyl) , –SO2NH2, –SO2C1–6 alkyl, –SO2OC1–6 alkyl, –OSO2C1–6 alkyl, –SOC1–6 alkyl, –Si (C1–6 alkyl) 3, –OSi (C1–6 alkyl) 3 –C (=S) N (C1–6 alkyl) 2, C (=S) NH (C1–6 alkyl) , C (=S) NH2, –C (=O) S (C1–6 alkyl) , –C (=S) SC1–6 alkyl, –SC (=S) SC1–6 alkyl, –P (=O) (OC1–6 alkyl) 2, –P (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OP (=O) (C1–6 alkyl) 2, –OP (=O) (OC1–6 alkyl) 2, C1–6 alkyl, C1–6 haloalkyl, C2–6 alkenyl, C2–6 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, C6–10 aryl, 3–10 membered heterocyclyl, 5–10 membered heteroaryl; or two geminal Rgg substituents can be joined to form =O or =S; wherein X–is a counterion.
[0122] A “counterion” or “anionic counterion” is a negatively charged group associated with a positively charged group in order to maintain electronic neutrality. An anionic counterion may be monovalent (i.e., including one formal negative charge) . An anionic counterion may also be multivalent (i.e., including more than one formal negative charge) , such as divalent or trivalent. Exemplary counterions include halide ions (e.g., F–, Cl–, Br–, I–) , NO3–, ClO4–, OH–, H2PO4–, HSO4–, sulfonate ions (e.g., methansulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, p–toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, 10–camphor sulfonate, naphthalene–2–sulfonate, naphthalene–1–sulfonic acid–5–sulfonate, ethan–1–sulfonic acid–2–sulfonate, and the like) , carboxylate ions (e.g., acetate, propanoate, benzoate, glycerate, lactate, tartrate, glycolate, gluconate, and the like) , BF4–, PF4–, PF6–, AsF6–, SbF6–, B [3, 5- (CF3) 2C6H3] 4] –, BPh4–, Al (OC (CF3) 3) 4–, and a carborane anion (e.g., CB11H12–or (HCB11Me5Br6) –) . Exemplary counterions which may be multivalent include CO32-, HPO42-, PO43-, B4O72-, SO42-, S2O32-, carboxylate anions (e.g., tartrate, citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate, malonate, gluconate, succinate, glutarate, adipate, pimelate, suberate, azelate, sebacate, salicylate, phthalates, aspartate, glutamate, and the like) , and carboranes.
[0123] “Halo” or “halogen” refers to fluorine (fluoro, –F) , chlorine (chloro, –Cl) , bromine (bromo, –Br) , or iodine (iodo, –I) .
[0124] “Acyl” refers to a moiety selected from the group consisting of –C (=O) Raa, –CHO, –CO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) NRbbSO2Raa, –C (=S) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=O) SRaa, or –C (=S) SRaa, wherein Raa and Rbb are as defined herein.
[0125] Nitrogen atoms can be substituted or unsubstituted as valency permits, and include primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary nitrogen atoms. Exemplary nitrogen atom substituents include, but are not limited to, hydrogen, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –CN, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, –P (=O) (ORcc) 2, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, –P (=O) (N (Rcc) 2) 2, C1–10 alkyl, C1–10 haloalkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl, or two Rcc groups attached to a nitrogen atom are joined to form a 3–14 membered heterocyclyl or 5–14 membered heteroaryl ring, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc, and Rdd are as defined above.
[0126] In certain embodiments, the substituent present on a nitrogen atom is a nitrogen protecting group (also referred to as an amino protecting group) . Nitrogen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, –OH, –ORaa, –N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) Raa, –C (=O) N (Rcc) 2, –CO2Raa, –SO2Raa, –C (=NRcc) Raa, –C (=NRcc) ORaa, –C (=NRcc) N (Rcc) 2, –SO2N (Rcc) 2, –SO2Rcc, –SO2ORcc, –SORaa, –C (=S) N (Rcc) 2, –C (=O) SRcc, –C (=S) SRcc, C1–10 alkyl, ar-C1-10 alkyl, heteroar-C1-10 alkyl, C2–10 alkenyl, C2–10 alkynyl, C3–10 carbocyclyl, 3–14 membered heterocyclyl, C6–14 aryl, and 5–14 membered heteroaryl groups, wherein each alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, carbocyclyl, heterocyclyl, aralkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl is independently substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 Rdd groups, and wherein Raa, Rbb, Rcc and Rdd are as defined herein. Nitrogen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, incorporated by reference herein.
[0127] Exemplary oxygen atom substituents include, but are not limited to, –Raa, –C (=O) SRaa, –C (=O) Raa, –CO2Raa, –C (=O) N (Rbb) 2, –C (=NRbb) Raa, –C (=NRbb) ORaa, –C (=NRbb) N (Rbb) 2, –S (=O) Raa, –SO2Raa, –Si (Raa) 3, –P (Rcc) 2, –P (Rcc) 3+X-, -P (ORcc) 2, -P (ORcc) 3+X-, –P (=O) (Raa) 2, –P (=O) (ORcc) 2, and –P (=O) (N (Rbb) 2) 2, wherein X-, Raa, Rbb, and Rcc are as defined herein. In certain embodiments, the oxygen atom substituent present on an oxygen atom is an oxygen protecting group (also referred to as a hydroxyl protecting group) . Oxygen protecting groups are well known in the art and include those described in detail in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, 3rd edition, John Wiley &Sons, 1999, incorporated herein by reference. Exemplary oxygen protecting groups include, but are not limited to, alkyl ethers or substituted alkyl ethers such as methyl, allyl, benzyl, substituted benzyls such as 4-methoxybenzyl, methoxylmethyl (MOM) , benzyloxymethyl (BOM) , 2–methoxyethoxymethyl (MEM) , etc., silyl ethers such as trymethylsilyl (TMS) , triethylsilyl (TES) , triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) , t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) , etc., acetals or ketals, such as tetrahydropyranyl (THP) , esters such as formate, acetate, chloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, methoxyacetate, etc., carbonates, sulfonates such as methanesulfonate (mesylate) , benzylsulfonate, and tosylate (Ts) , etc.
[0128] The term “leaving group” is given its ordinary meaning in the art of synthetic organic chemistry, for example, it can refer to an atom or a group capable of being displaced by a nucleophile. See, for example, Smith, March Advanced Organic Chemistry 6th ed. (501-502) . Examples of suitable leaving groups include, but are not limited to, halogen (such as F, Cl, Br, or I (iodine) ) , alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, alkanesulfonyloxy, arenesulfonyloxy, alkyl-carbonyloxy (e.g., acetoxy) , arylcarbonyloxy, aryloxy, methoxy, N, O-dimethylhydroxylamino, pixyl, and haloformates.
[0129] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art.
[0130] The term “tautomers” or “tautomeric” refers to two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa) . The exact ratio of the tautomers depends on several factors, including temperature, solvent, and pH. Tautomerizations (i.e., the reaction providing a tautomeric pair) may catalyzed by acid or base. Exemplary tautomerizations include keto-to-enol, amide-to-imide, lactam-to-lactim, enamine-to-imine, and enamine-to- (adifferent enamine) tautomerizations.
[0131] The term “subject” (alternatively referred to herein as “patient” ) as used herein, refers to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
[0132] As used herein, the terms "treat" , "treating" , "treatment, " and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and / or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. As used herein, the terms "treat, " "treating, " "treatment, " and the like may include "prophylactic treatment, " which refers to reducing the probability of redeveloping a disease or condition, or of a recurrence of a previously-controlled disease or condition, in a subject who does not have, but is at risk of or is susceptible to, redeveloping a disease or condition or a recurrence of the disease or condition. The term "treat" and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein to a subject in need of such treatment.
[0133] As used herein, the phrase “administration” of a compound, “administering” a compound, or other variants thereof means providing the compound or a prodrug of the compound to the individual in need of treatment.
[0134] As used herein, the singular form “a” , “an” , and “the” , includes plural references unless it is expressly stated or is unambiguously clear from the context that such is not intended.
[0135] The term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A and / or B” herein is intended to include both A and B; A or B; A (alone) ; and B (alone) . Likewise, the term “and / or” as used in a phrase such as “A, B, and / or C” is intended to encompass each of the following embodiments: A, B, and C; A, B, or C; A or C; A or B; B or C; A and C; A and B; B and C; A (alone) ; B (alone) ; and C (alone) .
[0136] Headings and subheadings are used for convenience and / or formal compliance only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. Features described under one heading or one subheading of the subject disclosure may be combined, in various embodiments, with features described under other headings or subheadings. Further it is not necessarily the case that all features under a single heading or a single subheading are used together in embodiments. Examples
[0137] The various starting materials, intermediates, and compounds of the preferred embodiments can be isolated and purified where appropriate using conventional techniques such as precipitation, filtration, crystallization, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography. Characterization of these compounds can be performed using conventional methods such as by melting point, mass spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance, and various other spectroscopic analyses.
[0138] Exemplary embodiments of steps for performing the synthesis of products described herein are described in greater detail infra. Some of the Examples discussed herein can be prepared by separating the corresponding racemic mixtures. As would be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art, the compounds described in the Examples section immediately prior to the chiral separation step, e.g., by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) , exist in racemic and / or stereoisomeric mixture forms. It should be understood that the enantiomeric excesses ( "ee" ) and / or diastereomeric excesses ( “de” ) reported for these examples are only representative from the exemplified procedures herein and not limiting; those of ordinary skill in the art would understand that such enantiomers and / or diastereomers with a different ee and / or de, such as a higher ee and / or de, can be obtained in view of the present disclosure. Typically, a "de" value is reported herein when a pair of diastereomers, having only one of the chiral centers being different, are separated from a corresponding diastereomeric mixture. In such cases, the "de" value indicates the degree of enrichment of one of the diastereomers.
[0139] The abbreviations used in the Examples section should be understood as having their ordinary meanings in the art unless specifically indicated otherwise or obviously contrary from context. The following shows certain abbreviations used in the Examples section herein.
[0140] Some intermediates, such as can be prepared according to the protocols described in WO2025 / 016314A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Example 1. Synthesis of Compound 1
[0141] Step 1: To a solution of n-1 (55 mg, 0.11 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) were added K2CO3 (44.4 mg, 0.32 mmol) , 1- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl) piperazine (36.0 mg, 0.21 mmol) and Pd-PEPPSI-IHeptCl (20.8 mg, 0.02 mmol) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5%~82%) to afford 1-1.
[0142] Step 2: To a solution of 1-1 (15 mg, 0.025 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) were added Pd / C 10%(20 mg) and 12 M HCl (0.1 mL) . The suspension was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times. The mixture was stirred at RT under H2 (15 psi) for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5%~82%) to afford 1. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + =605.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 11.87 (s, 1H) , 8.30 (brs, 2H) , 8.16 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.44-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.06-6.94 (m, 1H) , 6.92 (s, 1H) , 6.57 (s, 1H) , 4.55-4.32 (m, 2H) , 3.31-3.19 (m, 2H) , 3.18-3.02 (m, 4H) , 2.86-2.68 (m, 4H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -67.89 (3F) , -71.53 (3F) , -116.46 (1F) , -132.93 (1F) . Example 2. Synthesis of Compound 2
[0143] Step 1: To a solution of m-4 (4.7 g, 20.6 mmol) and (Boc) 2O (4.74 mL, 20.6 mmol) in THF (150 mL) were added TEA (2.87 mL, 20.6 mmol) and DMAP (2.5 g, 20.6 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 2-1.
[0144] Step 2: To a solution of 2-1 (6.1 g, 14.24 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (200 mL) was added Yb(OTf) 3 (8.8 g, 14.24 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 12 hrs and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 10 / 1) to afford 2-2.
[0145] Step 3: To a solution of 2-2 (4.6 g, 14.0 mmol) and NaH (1.1 g, 28.0 mmol, 60%) in DMF (250 mL) was added SEMCl (4.7 g, 28.0 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 12 hrs. The reaction was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Then the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 2-3.
[0146] Step 4: To a solution of 2-3 (5 g, 10.9 mmol) in DCM (70 mL) was added m-CPBA (4.4 g, 21.8 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NaHCO3 solution and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 100 / 3) to afford 2-4.
[0147] Step 5: To a solution of 2-4 (3 g, 6.3 mmol) in toluene (60 mL) was added molecular sieves (0.3 g) and N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide (2.6 g, 12.6 mmol) at 20 ℃. Then PyBrop (8.8 g, 18.9 mmol) was added to the mixture. The solution was stirred at 40 ℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 9 / 1) to afford 2-5.
[0148] Step 6: 2-5 (1 g, 1.8 mmol) was dissolved into hexafluoro-2-propanol (30 mL) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 2-6.
[0149] Step 7: To a mixture of 2-6 (0.50 g, 1.15 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.12 g, 3.45 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added iodomethane (0.49 g, 3.45 mmol) . Then the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hrs. The reaction mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1 / 5) to afford 2-7.
[0150] Step 8: A mixture of 2-7 (0.20 g, 0.45 mmol) , a-6 (0.14 g, 0.54 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (81.5 mg, 0.090 mmol) , xantphos (51.6 mg, 0.090 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (0.44 g, 1.34 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (20 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 3 hrs under N2. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / DCM / THF =1 / 1 / 0.3) to afford 2-8.
[0151] Step 9: A mixture of 2-8 (0.20 g, 0.32 mmol) , potassium ( ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) methyl) trifluoroborate (112 mg, 0.47 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2 (46.2 mg, 0.063 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (308 mg, 0.95 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (20 mL) and H2O (2 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hrs under N2. The reaction mixture was poured into H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford 2-9.
[0152] Step 10: 2-9 (70.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) in a solution of 4M HCl in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 80 ℃ for 5 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN in water: 5%-95%) to afford 2. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 456.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.83 (brs, 1H) , 8.45-8.30 (m, 2H) , 7.97 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.45-7.30 (m, 2H) , 7.05-6.90 (m, 1H) , 6.35 (s, 1H) , 4.20-3.90 (m, 2H) , 3.47 (s, 2H) , 2.52 (s, 3H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.51 (3F) , -116.50 (1F) , -132.92 (1F) . Example 3. Synthesis of Compound 3
[0153] Step 1: To a mixture of f-3 (1.0 g, 2.97 mmol) and potassium isopropenyltrifluoroborate (614 mg, 4.15 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (12 mL) and H2O (3 mL) were added Pd (dtbpf) Cl2 (957 mg, 1.48 mmol) and Na2CO3 (629 mg, 5.93 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 2 mins, stirred at 50 ℃ for 48 hrs, cooled and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc in PE from 0%~100%) to afford 3-1.
[0154] Step 2: To a mixture of 3-1 (350.0 mg, 1.02 mmol) in THF (10 mL) and H2O (10 mL) were added K2OsO4x2H2O (37.6 mg, 0.10 mmol) and NaIO4 (1.3 g, 6.13 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs under N2. After being diluted with H2O, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1 / 4) to afford 3-2.
[0155] Step 3: To a mixture of 3-2 (300 mg, 0.87 mmol) and a-6 (231 mg, 0.87 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) were added xantphos (101 mg, 0.17 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (80 mg, 0.087 mmol) and K2CO3 (241 mg, 1.74 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 2 mins, stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 h under N2, cooled and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc in PE from 0%~100%) to afford 3-3.
[0156] Step 4: To a solution of 3-3 (50 mg, 0.087 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) were added AcOH (10.5 mg, 0.17 mmol) and ammonium acetate (101 mg, 1.31 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 50℃ for 10 mins. Then NaBH3CN (19.2 mg, 0.31 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by SGCC (EA / PE = 1 / 5) to afford 3-4.
[0157] Step 5: To a mixture of 3-4 (25.0 mg, 0.044 mmol) in TFA (2 mL) was added methanesulfonic acid (0.2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 10 hrs. After being concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in H2O = 5%to 95%) to afford 3. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 455.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.46 (brs, 1H) , 8.31-7.86 (m, 3H) , 7.45-7.30 (m, 2H) , 7.10-6.94 (m, 1H) , 6.27 (s, 1H) , 4.56 (brs, 1H) , 2.90-2.65 (m, 2H) , 2.47-2.37 (m, 2H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) , 1.42-1.27 (m, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.22 (1.5F) , -71.74 (1.5F) , -116.49 (1F) , -132.93 (1F) . Example 4. Synthesis of Compound 5
[0158] Step 1: To a solution of k-3 (1.85 g, 8.3 mmol) and K2CO3 (2 g, 14.5 mmol) in ACN (30 mL) was added 4-bromobut-1-ene (1.5 g, 11.1 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 2) to afford 5-1.
[0159] Step 2: To a solution of 5-1 (1.5 g, 5.4 mmol) and TEA (2.5 mL, 18 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) were added (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxidanecarboxylic anhydride (2.5 mL, 10.9 mmol) and DMAP (70 mg, 0.6 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched by NH4Cl aqueous solution, diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 7 / 1) to afford 5-2.
[0160] Step 3: A mixture of 5-2 (2.5 g, 5.2 mmol) , PPh3 (275 mg, 1.1 mmol) , AcOK (1.55 g, 15.8 mmol) , and oxidane tetraethylammonium chloride (1.9 g, 10.4 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added Pd (OAc) 2 (120 mg, 0.54 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with H2O and brine. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 6 / 1) to afford 5-3.
[0161] Step 4: To a solution of 5-3 (1.6 g, 4.0 mmol) in THF (50 mL) and H2O (15 mL) was added K2OsO4·2H2O (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) and NaIO4 (6.8 g, 31.8 mmol) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 5-4.
[0162] Step 5: To a solution of 5-4 (1.35 g, 3.39 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (350 mg, 5.0 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The mixture was neutralized with saturated NaHCO3 solution to pH = 7, and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford a mixture of 5-5 and 5-5’ .
[0163] Step 6: To a mixture of 5-5 and 5-5’ (1.0 g, crude) in THF (15 mL) was added PtO2 (500 mg) . The suspension was degassed and purged with H2 for 3 times. The mixture was stirred under H2 (1 atm) at RT for 18 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 5-6.
[0164] Step 7: To a solution of 5-6 (200 mg, 0.67 mmol) and TEA (400 μL, 2.88 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxidanecarboxylic anhydride (300 μL, 1.31 mmol) and DMAP (10 mg, 0.082 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in MeOH (5 mL) and K2CO3 (100 mg, 0.72 mmol) was added. Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 6 / 1) to afford 5-7.
[0165] Step 8: A mixture of 5-7 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) , a-6 (60 mg, 0.19 mmol) , S-Phos (12 mg, 0.03 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (40 mg, 0.044 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (145 mg, 0.45 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 5-8.
[0166] Step 9: To a solution of 5-8 (65 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) . Then the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, adjusted to pH=7 by NH3·H2O, purified by reverse phase column (ACN / (0.05%NH3·H2O in water) = 0 to 60%) to afford 5. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 429.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.40-7.27 (m, 3H) , 7.05-6.99 (m, 1H) , 6.63-6.49 (m, 1H) , 5.91-5.85 (m, 1H) , 5.47-5.40 (m, 2H) , 4.15-3.96 (m, 2H) , 3.79-3.68 (m, 1H) , 2.33-2.27 (m, 3H) , 2.10-2.00 (m, 1H) , 1.80-1.68 (m, 1H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.2 (s, 3F) , -116.65 (s, 1 F) , -133.05 (s, 1F) . Example 5. Synthesis of Compound 8
[0167] Step 1: To a solution of 2, 6-dibromopyridin-4-amine (40 g, 158 mmol) in AcOH (600 mL) were added KOAc (16 g, 163 mmol) and iodine monochloride (61 g, 18.6 mL, 320 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. Water was added dropwise into the mixture and the mixture was stirred at RT for 10 mins. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with H2O and dried to afford 8-1.
[0168] Step 2: To a stirred solution of 8-1 (9.3 g, 24.6 mmol) , 1- (vinyloxy) butane (2.96 g, 3.8 mL, 29.5 mmol) and TEA (5.28 g, 7.3 mL, 52.2 mmol) in ACN (600 mL) were added tris (2-methylphenyl) phosphane (2.2 g, 7.4 mmol) and Pd (OAc) 2 (0.6 g, 2.46 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2. After being cooled to RT, the mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 8-2.
[0169] Step 3: To a stirred solution of 8-2 (4 g, 11.43 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was added HBr (8 mL, 48%in H2O) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum to give the crude, which was used directly in the next step.
[0170] Step 4: To a stirred solution of 8-3 (1.8 g, 6.12 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) were added NMI (2.5 g, 30.6 mmol) , TCFH (8.6 g, 30.6 mmol) and cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1.05 g, 12.3 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 16 hrs under N2. The mixture was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) = 5-82%) to afford 8-4.
[0171] Step 5: To a stirred solution of 8-4 (1.0 g, 2.76 mmol) in DCE (20 mL) were added TMSOTf (3.68 g, 3 mL, 16.6 mmol) and TEA (839 mg, 1.15 mL, 8.3 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 72 hrs under N2. After being cooled to RT, the reaction mixture was quenched with MeOH. The mixture was basified with aqueous Na2CO3 till pH = 8 and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 3 / 1) to afford 8-5.
[0172] Step 6: To a stirred solution of 8-5 (520 mg, 1.5 mmol) in NMP (6 mL) was added CuCN (162 mg, 1.8 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 150 ℃ for 1 hr under N2. The mixture was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) = 5-52%) to afford 8-6.
[0173] Step 7: To a stirred solution of 8-6 (200 mg, 0.7 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) were added K2CO3 (286 mg, 2.1 mmol) , a-6 (202 mg, 0.76 mmol) , Ruphos (64 mg, 0.13 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (126 mg, 0.13 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 5 hrs under N2. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) = 5-72%) to afford 8-7.
[0174] Step 8: To a -20 ℃ stirred solution of 8-7 (80 mg, 0.17 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) and THF (0.5 mL) was added CoCl2 (44 mg, 0.34 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at -20 ℃for 10 mins. NaBH4 (60 mg, 1.58 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at -20 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with H2O (5.0 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The crude was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) = 5-62%) to afford 8. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 479.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.22-7.15 (m, 1H) , 7.08-6.99 (m, 1H) , 6.76-6.66 (m, 2H) , 5.71 (s, 1H) , 4.80-4.75 (m, 2H) , 2.38 (s, 3H) , 1.92-1.82 (m, 1H) , 1.20-1.10 (m, 2H) , 0.98-0.88 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.67 (3F) , -118.48 (1F) , -135.33 (1F) . Example 6. Synthesis of Compound 9
[0175] Step 1: To a solution of 2, 6-dibromopyridin-4-amine (19 g, 75.4 mmol) and DMAP (0.9 g, 7.54 mmol) in dioxane (200 mL) was added acetic anhydride (14.2 mL, 150.8 mmol) at RT. The resulting mixture was stirred at 105 ℃ for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT. MeOH (100 mL) was added to the mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred for another 1 hr at RT. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0-50%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 9-1.
[0176] Step 2: A degassed solution of 9-1 (10.0 g, 34.0 mmol) , potassium trifluoro (prop-1-en-2-yl) -λ5-boranuide (7.55 g, 51.0 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2xCH2Cl2 (2.8 g, 3.4 mmol) and K2CO3 (23.5 g, 170 mmol) in dioxane / water (5 / 1, 1 mL) was stirred at 85 ℃ for 5 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with EA. The filtrate was washed with brine. The organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0-100%of MeCN in Water, C18) to afford 9-2.
[0177] Step 3: To a solution of 9-2 (1 g, 3.9 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added m-CPBA (1.0 g, 4.7 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated Na2SO3 solution and extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100% of EtOAc in PE) to afford 9-3.
[0178] Step 4: A degassed solution of 9-3 (500 mg, 1.84 mmol) , a-6 (489 mg, 1.84 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (169 mg, 0.18 mmol) , S-phos (151 mg, 0.36 mmol) and K2CO3 (765 mg, 5.5 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 7 hrs. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and diluted with EA. The resulting mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-50%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 9-4.
[0179] Step 5: A solution of 9-4 (150 mg, 0.33 mmol) in NH3 (7M solution in MeOH, 10 mL, 70 mmol) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN / Water (0.01%of FA) = 5-95%) to afford 9. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 473.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.11 (s, 1H) , 8.38 (s, 1H) , 7.96-7.94 (m, 1H) , 7.39-7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.20 (s, 1H) , 6.95 (s, 1H) , 6.61-6.54 (m, 1H) , 2.98-2.86 (m, 2H) , 2.29 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H) , 2.03 (s, 3H) , 1.31 (d, J = 51.6 Hz, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.34 (3F) , -116.53 (1F) , -133.01 (1F) . Example 7. Synthesis of Compound 12
[0180] Step 1: To a solution of 2, 6-dibromopyridin-4-amine (5.0 g, 19.9 mmol) in THF (150 mL) were added (Boc) 2O (8.66 g, 39.7 mmol) , TEA (5.5 mL, 39.7 mmol) and DMAP (485 mg, 4.0 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1 / 9) to afford 12-1.
[0181] Step 2: To a solution of 12-1 (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise a solution of n-butyllithium in hexane (4.3 mL, 10.7 mmol) at -70 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hr. Then a solution of oxetan-3-one (614.1 mg, 8.52 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added dropwise at -70 ℃ and the resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 hr. After being quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl solution (60 mL) , the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc in PE from 0%~100%) to afford 12-2.
[0182] Step 3: To a mixture of 12-2 (200 mg, 0.58 mmol) and a-6 (123 mg, 0.46 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (8 mL) were added S-phos (47.6 mg, 0.12 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (53.1 mg, 0.060 mmol) and K2CO3 (160 mg, 1.16 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 2 mins and stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc in PE from 0~100%) to afford 12-3.
[0183] Step 4: To a mixture of 12-3 (120 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (9 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) and the reaction was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. After being basified with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution, the mixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc in PE from 0%~100%) to afford 12-4.
[0184] Step 5: To a mixture of 12-4 (50 mg, 0.17 mmol) , 2- (methylamino) -2-oxoacetic acid (12 mg, 0.17 mmol) and TCFH (81.7 mg, 0.29 mmol) in MeCN (5 mL) was added NMI (48 mg, 0.58 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs under N2. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water = 5%to 95%) to afford 12. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 515.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 9.05-8.95 (m, 1H) , 7.56 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.41-7.29 (m, 2H) , 6.70-6.59 (m, 1H) , 5.97 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.91 (s, 2H) , 5.84 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H) , 5.04 (d, J =7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.92-4.82 (m, 2H) , 4.81 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 2.71 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 3H) , 2.29 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.53 (3F) , -116.54 (1F) , -132.94 (1F) . Example 8. Synthesis of Compound 13
[0185] Step 1: A mixture of 4-bromo-6-chloropicolinonitrile (1.0 g, 4.6 mmol) , 2-methylpropan-2-yl aminomethanoate (646 mg, 5.5 mmol) , xantphos (266 mg, 0.46 mmol) , Pd(OAc) 2 (103 mg, 0.46 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (3.0 g, 9.2 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (15 mL) was flushed with nitrogen for 2 mins and stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude, which was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 1) to afford 13-1.
[0186] Step 2: To a -78 ℃ stirred solution of 13-1 (355 mg, 1.4 mmol) and Ti (i-OPr) 4 (437 mg, 1.54 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was dropwise added EtMgBr (0.34 mL, 0.69 mmol, 2M in THF) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr under N2, then BF3·Et2O (910 mg, 3.1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs under N2. The mixture was diluted with 1N aq. HCl and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to afford crude 13-2.
[0187] Step 3: To a solution of 13-2 (70 mg, 0.25 mmol) and Cbz-OSu (61.5 mg, 0.25 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added DIEA (31.9 mg, 0.041 mL, 0.25 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 1 / 2) to afford 13-3.
[0188] Step 4: To a solution of 13-3 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was added K2CO3 (49.6 mg, 0.36 mmol) , a-6 (31.7 mg, 0.12 mmol) , S-phos (9.8 mg, 0.024 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (11.0 mg, 0.012 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 5 hrs under N2. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) = 5-95%) to afford 13-4.
[0189] Step 5: To a solution of 13-4 (35 mg, 0.054 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1.5 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%FA) = 5-95%) to afford 13-5.
[0190] Step 6: To a stirred solution of 13-5 (25 mg, 0.046 mmol) in ACN (1 mL) were added 2- (methylamino) -2-oxoacetic acid (9.4 mg, 0.091 mmol) , TCFH (51 mg, 0.18 mmol) and 1-methylimidazole (15.0 mg, 0.18 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =2 / 1) to afford 13-6.
[0191] Step 7: A mixture of 13-6 (25 mg, 0.040 mmol) and TMSI (28.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) in ACN (1 mL) was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / H2O (0.05%TFA) = 5-95%) to afford 13. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 498.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.64 (s, 1H) , 9.00-8.89 (m, 1H) , 8.62 (brs, 2H) , 8.27 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.47-7.27 (m, 3H) , 6.94-6.77 (m, 2H) , 2.73 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 3H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) , 1.52-1.14 (m, 4H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.40 (3F) , -116.44 (1F) , -132.90 (1F) . Example 9. Synthesis of Compound 18
[0192] Step 1: To a solution of 2, 6-dibromo-3-nitropyridin-4-amine (900 mg, 3.0 mmol) in NMP (20 mL) was added CuCN (272 mg, 3.0 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled and diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) . The mixture was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 18-1.
[0193] Step 2: To a solution of 18-1 (1.0 g, 4.12 mmol) in HOAc (10 mL) was added Fe powder (2.3 g, 41.2 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled and diluted with EA. The mixture was filtered and washed with EA. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 18-2.
[0194] Step 3: To a solution of 18-2 (600 mg, 2.81 mmol) and ethyl pyruvate (471 μL, 4.22 mmol) in EtOH (20 mL) was added HOAc (10 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 5 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and adjusted to pH = 8 with saturated NaHCO3 solution. The mixture was washed with brine. The organic layer was concentrated, and the residue was purified by SGCC (0-100%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 18-3.
[0195] Step 4: To a solution of 18-3 (50 mg, 0.18 mmol) and (bromomethyl) benzene (44 μL, 0.37 mmol) in toluene (1 mL) was added silver carbonate (104 mg, 0.37 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was filtered and washed with EtOAc (10 mL) . The mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 18-4.
[0196] Step 5: A degassed solution of 18-4 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) , a-6 (14.9 mg, 0.05 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (10.3 mg, 0.01 mmol) , S-phos (9.2 mg, 0.023 mmol) and K2CO3 (23.3 mg, 0.16 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure, and the residue was purified by SGCC (0-100%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 18-5.
[0197] Step 6: A mixture of 18-5 (25 mg, 0.04 mmol) and Pd / C 10% (9.9 mg, 0.01 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) and HOAc (0.5 mL) was stirred for 2 hrs at RT under H2. The mixture was filtered and washed with EtOAc (10 mL) . The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (MeCN in water (0.01%of NH4HCO3) = 5-95%, C18) to afford 18. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 454.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.17-7.15 (m, 1H) , 7.04-6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.75-6.69 (m, 1H) , 6.41 (s, 1H) , 4.36 (s, 2H) , 2.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 6H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.53 (3F) , -118.64 (1F) , -135.42 (1F) . Example 10. Synthesis of Compound 20
[0198] Step 1: A solution of 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-dioxane-4, 6-dione (21.22 g, 147 mmol) in triethyl orthoformate (145.5 g, 982 mmol) was stirred at 120 ℃ for 3 hrs. 2, 6-dichloropyridin-4-amine (20 g, 123 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The solid was washed with EtOAc, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to 20-1.
[0199] Step 2: A solution of 20-1 (38.3 g, 121 mmol) in phenyl ether-biphenyl eutectic (400 mL) was stirred at 220 ℃ for 1 hr and then cooled to RT. The solid was filtered, washed with DCM and dried in vacuo to afford 20-2.
[0200] Step 3: To a solution of 20-2 (3.0 g, 13.95 mmol) in NMP (30 mL) was added CuCN (1.5 g, 16.74 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 150 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with water. The solid was filtered, washed with water and dried in vacuo to afford 20-3.
[0201] Step 4: To a solution of 20-3 (2.8 g, 13.62 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added NIS (3.4 g, 14.98 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 18 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0~15%MeOH in DCM) to afford 20-4.
[0202] Step 5: To a solution of 20-4 (1.0 g, 3.02 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) and H2O (3 mL) were added phenylboronic acid (552 mg, 4.53 mmol) , Pd (dppf) Cl2xCH2Cl2 (246 mg, 0.30 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.25 g, 9.05 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 75 ℃ for 1 hr. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0~80% EtOAc in PE) to afford 20-5.
[0203] Step 6: To a solution of 20-5 (2.5 g, 8.88 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) were added (bromomethyl) benzene (3.04 g, 17.75 mmol) and silver carbonate (3.4 g, 12.43 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 5 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0~100%DCM in PE) to afford 20-6.
[0204] Step 7: To a solution of 20-6 (300 mg, 0.81 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added a-6 (257 mg, 0.97 mmol) , Pd-PEPPSI-IHeptCl (78.5 mg, 0.08 mmol) and K2CO3 (335 mg, 2.42 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 3 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0~100%DCM in PE) to afford 20-7.
[0205] Step 8: A solution of 20-7 (160 mg, 0.13 mmol) and Pd / C 10% (14.2 mg, 0.13 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) and AcOH (2 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 2 hrs under H2 atmosphere. The mixture was filtered and the cake was washed with MeOH (20 mL) . The filtrate was concentrated and dried under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (0~10%MeOH in DCM) to afford 20. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 515.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 8.28 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.87 (s, 1H) , 7.58 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H) , 7.43-7.31 (m, 4H) , 7.28-7.20 (m, 1H) , 6.90-6.82 (m, 1H) , 6.62 (s, 1H) , 4.28 (s, 2H) , 2.36 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.28 (s, 3F) , -116.37 (s, 1F) , -132.95 (s, 1F) . Example 11. Synthesis of Compound 21
[0206] Step 1: To a solution of k-3 (1.8 g, 8.1 mmol) and 2- (3-bromopropyl) isoindole-1, 3-dione (2.5 g, 9.33 mmol) in ACN (50 mL) was added K2CO3 (2.75 g, 19.9 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 21-1.
[0207] Step 2: To a solution of 21-1 (3 g, 7.3 mmol) and TEA (3 mL, 21.583 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) were added (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxidanecarboxylic anhydride (2.5 mL, 10.9 mmol) and DMAP (100 mg, 0.82 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 21-2.
[0208] Step 3: To a solution of 21-2 (1.6 g, 3.13 mmol) in EtOH (25 mL) was added hydrazinium hydroxide (900 μL, 15.74 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (MeOH in water from 0 to 55%) to afford 21-3.
[0209] Step 4: To a solution of 21-3 (500 mg, 1.31 mmol) in toluene (50 mL) were added K3PO4 (700 mg, 3.3 mmol) , BINAP (160 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (120 mg, 0.13 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 12 hrs. The mixture was concentrated to afford crude 21-4, which was used directly in the next step.
[0210] Step 5: To a solution of 21-4 (350 mg, 1.17 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) were added TEA (0.6 mL, 4.32 mmol) , (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxidanecarboxylic anhydride (0.5 mL, 2.18 mmol) and DMAP (20 mg, 0.16 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 6 / 1) to afford 21-5.
[0211] Step 6: A mixture of 21-5 (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) , a-6 (50 mg, 0.19 mmol) , Pd-Peppsi-Ipent-Cl (35.0 mg, 0.036 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (150 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After being concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 21-6.
[0212] Step 7: A mixture of 21-6 (65 mg, 0.052 mmol) and HCl / dioxane (3 mL, 12.0 mmol) was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN in water with 0.05%NH3·H2O from 0 to 50%) to afford 21. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 429.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 7.41-7.29 (m, 2H) , 6.91 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.52-6.41 (m, 1H) , 5.50 (s, 1H) , 5.27 (s, 2H) , 5.12 (s, 1H) , 3.91-3.81 (m, 1H) , 3.80-3.72 (m, 1H) , 3.12-3.01 (m, 2H) , 2.30 (s, 3H) , 1.82-1.76 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.36 (3F) , -116.61 (1F) , -133.04 (1F) . Example 12. Synthesis of Compound 23
[0213] Step 1: A degassed solution of f-3 (5.0 g, 14.8 mmol) , potassium trifluoro (vinyl) -λ5-boranuide (2.58 g, 19.3 mmol) , Pd (dtbpf) Cl2 (1.9 g, 2.97 mmol) and Na2CO3 (4.7 g, 44.5 mmol) in dioxane / water (10 / 1, 20 mL) was stirred at 50 ℃ for 24 hrs. The reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with EA. The filtrate was washed with brine. The organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (5-70%of MeCN in Water, C18) to afford 23-1.
[0214] Step 2: To a solution of 23-1 (1.35 g, 4.11 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added m-CPBA (1.1 g, 5.34 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hrs. The reaction was quenched with NaS2O4. The mixture was extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was concentrated and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 23-2.
[0215] Step 3: A degassed solution of 23-2 (600 mg, 1.74 mmol) , a-6 (462 mg, 1.74 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (159 mg, 0.174 mmol) , S-phos (143 mg, 0.35 mmol) and K2CO3 (721 mg, 5.22 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 110 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was cooled to RT and diluted with EA. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-50%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 23-3.
[0216] Step 4: A mixture of 23-3 (130 mg, 0.23 mmol) and NH3 (7M solution in MeOH, 0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 70 ℃ for 90 mins. The resulting mixture was concentrated and dried under vacuum to afford crude 23-4, which was used in the next step directly.
[0217] Step 5: A mixture of 23-4 (134 mg, crude) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.4 mL) in TFA (2 mL) was stirred at 50 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (0.05%FA in water / MeCN) to afford 23. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 471.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.34 (s, 1H) , 8.40 (brs, 1H) , 7.93-7.78 (m, 1H) , 7.48-7.26 (m, 2H) , 6.86-6.63 (m, 1H) , 6.24 (s, 1H) , 4.72-4.60 (m, 1H) , 2.86-2.72 (m, 4H) , 2.45-2.38 (m, 2H) , 2.35-2.29 (m, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.37 (3F) , -116.51 (1F) , -132.99 (1F) . Example 13. Synthesis of Compounds 25 and 26
[0218] Step 1: To a 0 ℃ stirred solution of 3-2 (190 mg, 0.55 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) were added TEA (0.19 mL, 1.38 mmol) and TBSOTf (0.25 mL, 1.1 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 3 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 8 / 1) to afford 25-1.
[0219] Step 2: To a solution of 25-1 (240 mg, 0.52 mmol) in ACN (10 mL) was added Selectfluor (278 mg, 0.78 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched with H2O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 25-2.
[0220] Step 3: To a 0 ℃ stirred solution of 25-2 (110 mg, 0.30 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added NaBH4 (17.2 mg, 0.455 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr. The mixture was quenched with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 2) to afford 25-3.
[0221] Step 4: To a 0 ℃ stirred solution of 25-3 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) were added DIEA (0.14 mL, 0.82 mmol) and MsCl (0.042 mL, 0.55 mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 0.5 hr. The reaction mixture was quenched with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 25-4.
[0222] Step 5: To a 0 ℃ stirred solution of 25-4 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) were added azidotrimethylsilane (0.24 mL, 1.81 mmol) and TBAF (1.81 mL, 1.81mmol) . The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 16 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched with a saturated aqueous solution of NH4Cl and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc =2 / 1) to afford 25-5.
[0223] Step 6: A mixture of 25-5 (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) , di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.14 mL, 0.62 mmol) and Pt / C (10%wetted with ca. 55%Water) (20 mg) in propan-2-ol (6 mL) was stirred under 1 atm H2 at RT for 5 hrs. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 2) to afford 25-6.
[0224] Step 7: To a solution of 25-6 (75 mg, 0.162 mmol) and a-6 (43 mg, 0.162 mmol) in dioxane (8 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (29.6 mg, 0.032 mmol) , S-phos (19.9 mg, 0.048 mmol) and K2CO3 (55.9 mg, 0.404 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 mins. Then the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 25-7.
[0225] Step 8: 25-7 (90 mg) was purified by prep-SFC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IA 250*30 mm, 10μm, EtOH / Hexane = 20 / 60) to afford 25-7-P1 (38 mg) and 25-7-P2 (40 mg) , respectively. 25-7-P1: 100%ee; retention time: 5.33 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IA 250*4.6 mm, 10μm, EtOH in Hexane, 0%to 20%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min. 25-7-P2: 98.2%ee; retention time: 6.27 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IA 250*4.6 mm, 10μm, EtOH in Hexane, 0%to 20%; flow rate: 1.0 mL / min.
[0226] Step 9: To a solution of 25-7-P1 (38 mg, 0.055 mmol) in TFA (4 mL) was added methanesulfonic acid (0.40 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 12 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5%~50%) to afford 25. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + =473.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.19-7.15 (m, 1H) , 7.07-6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.71-6.63 (m, 1H) , 6.31 (s, 1H) , 4.97-4.89 (m, 1H) , 4.79-4.54 (m, 2H) , 2.97-2.82 (m, 2H) , 2.65-2.52 (m, 2H) , 2.36 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.76 (3F) , -118.57 (1F) , -135.33 (1F) , -225.64 (1F) .
[0227] Step 9’ : To a solution of 25-7-P2 (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in TFA (4 mL) was added methanesulfonic acid (0.40 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 12 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5%~50%) to afford 26. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + =473.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.18-7.13 (m, 1H) , 7.06-6.98 (m, 1H) , 6.68-6.62 (m, 1H) , 6.30 (s, 1H) , 4.94-4.89 (m, 1H) , 4.82-4.52 (m, 2H) , 2.97-2.83 (m, 2H) , 2.62-2.53 (m, 2H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.51 (3F) , -118.57 (1F) , -135.35 (1F) , -226.76 (1F) . Example 14. Synthesis of Compound 45
[0228] Step 1: To a mixture of 5, 7-dichloro-1- ( (2- (trimethylsilyl) ethoxy) methyl) -3, 4-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one (0.50 g, 1.44 mmol) and tert-butyl 4- ( (4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethyl-1, 3, 2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) methylene) piperidine-1-carboxylate (558.4 mg, 1.73 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) and H2O (1 mL) were added Pd (dppf) Cl2 (210 mg, 0.23 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.4 g, 4.32 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 mins and stirred at 80 ℃ for 6 hrs. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 1) to afford 45-1.
[0229] Step 2: A mixture of 45-1 (170.0 mg, 0.36 mmol) and 10%w. t PtO2 on carbon (15.0 mg) in EtOH (15 mL) was stirred under 1 atm H2 at 25 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give crude 45-2, which was used directly in next step.
[0230] Step 3: To a mixture of 45-2 (120.0 mg, 0.24 mmol) and a-6 (187.1 mg, 0.71 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (15 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (92.6 mg, 0.10 mmol) , Ruphos (54.9 mg, 0.12 mmol) and K2CO3 (97.5 mg, 0.71 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled, diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 8 / 1) to afford 45-3.
[0231] Step 4: To a solution of 45-3 (80.0 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added TFA (3 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs under N2. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was re-dissolved in MeCN (6 mL) and aq. NH4OH (2 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 30 mins. The solution was concentrated and the residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water = 5%-95%) to afford 45. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 509.3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.29 (brs, 1H) , 7.79 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.45-7.30 (m, 2H) , 6.60-6.40 (m, 1H) , 6.18 (s, 1H) , 3.20-2.95 (m, 2H) , 2.80-2.55 (m, 4H) , 2.50-2.35 (m, 4H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 1.90-1.75 (m, 1H) , 1.70-1.50 (m, 2H) , 1.40-1.15 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.40 (3F) , -116.47 (1F) , -133.05 (1F) . Example 15. Synthesis of Compound 49
[0232] Step 1: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 2, 6-dibromo-3-fluoro-4-nitropyridine (1.00 g, 3.34 mmol) in ACN (8 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (2.20 g, 6.67 mmol) and methyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate (0.50 g, 4.0 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 5 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and sat. NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine and concentrated. The residue was purified using SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1: 3) to afford 49-1.
[0233] Step 2: To a solution of 49-1 (609 mg, 1.50 mmol) in AcOH (15 mL) was added Fe powder (671.7 mg, 12.03 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 85 ℃ for 6 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (MeOH / DCM=1: 18) to afford 49-2.
[0234] Step 3: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 49-2 (477 mg, 1.27 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (305 mg, 7.63 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 10 mins. The mixture was diluted with saturated NaHCO3 solution and filtered, and the white solid was washed with water and dried to afford 49-3.
[0235] Step 4: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 49-3 (416 mg, 1.21 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) were added DIEA (469 mg, 3.64 mmol) and 1-chloro-5, 5-dimethyl-2-oxa-5-silahexane (606 mg, 3.64 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine and concentrated. The residue was purified using SGCC (MeOH / DCM = 1: 12) to afford 49-4.
[0236] Step 5: To a solution of 49-4 (80 mg, 0.169 mmol) in NMP (6 mL) was added CuCN (16.7 mg, 0.19 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 5 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN in water containting 0.5%TFA (0-80%) ) to afford 49-5.
[0237] Step 6: To a solution of 49-5 (45 mg, 0.11 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) were added a-6 (42.7 mg, 0.16 mmol) , S-phos (17.6 mg, 0.043 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (70 mg, 0.22 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (19.6 mg, 0.021 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 40 mins. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine and concentrated. The residue was purified using SGCC (ACN in water containting 0.5%TFA (0-80%) ) to afford 49-6.
[0238] Step 7: To a solution of 49-6 (18.0 mg, 0.030 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) were added (1E) -prop-1-en-1-ol (51.9 mg, 0.89 mmol) and Rh (PPh3) 3Cl (13.8 mg, 0.015 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 105 ℃ for 9 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and saturated NaHCO3 solution. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN in water containing 0.5%TFA (0-80%) ) to afford 49-7.
[0239] Step 8: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 49-7 (14.0 mg, 0.023 mmol) in DCM (1 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 50 mins. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified using C18 reverse phase column (ACN in water containing 0.5%TFA (0-80%) ) to afford 49. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 492.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ 7.88-7.82 (m, 1H) , 7.21-7.10 (m, 2H) , 7.04-6.95 (m, 1H) , 6.63 (s, 1H) , 6.61-6.57 (m, 1H) , 6.55-6.47 (m, 1H) , 2.37 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, Methanol-d4, ppm) : δ -74.30 (3F) , -118.77 (1F) , -135.55 (1F) . Example 16. Synthesis of Compound 59
[0240] Step 1: To a solution of tert-butyl (2, 6-dichloropyridin-4-yl) carbamate (5 g, 19.0 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added n-butyllithium (19.0 mL, 47.5 mmol) at -78 ℃. The mixture was stirred at -78 ℃ for 3 hrs, followed by the addition of DMF (14.65 mL, 190.0 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for another 18 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and saturated NH4Cl solution. The organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-50 %of EtOAc in PE) to afford 59-1.
[0241] Step 2: To an ice-cold solution of 59-1 (2 g, 6.87 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added ethyl magnesium bromide (10.1 mL, 34.4 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with sat. NH4Cl solution and extracted with EA. The organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-50%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 59-2.
[0242] Step 3: To a solution of 59-2 (2.0 g, 6.23 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (3.96 g, 9.34 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by SGCC (0-50%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 59-3.
[0243] Step 4: To a solution of 59-3 (2.0 g, 6.27 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) was added TFA (10 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted and washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution and brine. The organic layer was concentrated to afford 59-4.
[0244] Step 5: To a solution of 59-4 (1.3 g, 5.93 mmol) , pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (3.65 g, 29.67 mmol) and TCFH (8.32 g, 29.67 mmol) in ACN (100 mL) was added 1-methylimidazole (59.34 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 18 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EA, and washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution, water and brine. The combined organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100%of EtOAc in PE) to afford 59-5.
[0245] Step 6: To a solution of 59-5 (1.0 g, 3.08 mmol) in DCE (30 mL) were added TEA (1.29 mL, 9.26 mmol) and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (3.37 mL, 18.51 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 96 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-10%of MeOH in DCM) to afford 59-6.
[0246] Step 7: To a solution of 59-6 (2.0 g, 6.53 mmol) in NMP (20 mL) was added CuCN (292.5 mg, 3.27 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred at 150 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was cooled and diluted with water. The mixture was stirred at RT for 15 min. The mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was washed with water and EA. The filter cake was collected and dried to afford 59-7.
[0247] Step 8: To a solution of 59-7 (500 mg, 1.68 mmol) and silver carbonate (929.3 mg, 3.37 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was added (bromomethyl) benzene (400.31 μL, 3.37 mmol) . The resulting mixture was stirred for at 100 ℃ 2 hrs. The mixture was filtered and washed with EtOAc and THF. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100% of THF in PE) to afford 59-8.
[0248] Step 9: A solution of 59-8 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) , a-6 (68.55 mg, 0.26 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (23.7 mg, 0.03 mmol) , S-phos (21.2 mg, 0.05 mmol) and K2CO3 (107.2 mg, 0.78 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 8 hrs under N2. The mixture was filtered and washed with EA. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-100% of EtOAc in PE) to afford 59-9.
[0249] Step 10: A solution of 59-9 (70 mg, 0.11 mmol) and Raney Ni (24.8 mg, 0.11 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) and HOAc (3 mL) was stirred at RT for 0.5 hr under H2. The mixture was diluted with water, adjusted to pH = 8 with saturated NaHCO3 solution and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (ACN / 0.01%TFA in water = 5-95%, C18) to afford 59. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 530.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 11.53 (s, 1H) , 8.80 –8.79 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 8.47 –8.45 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.26 –8.11 (m, 2H) , 8.09 –7.96 (m, 1H) , 7.75 –7.66 (m, 1H) , 7.63 –7.54 (m, 1H) , 7.48 –7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.11 –6.96 (m, 1H) , 6.81 (s, 1H) , 4.88 –4.70 (m, 2H) , 2.36 (s, 3H) , 1.86 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.53 (3F) , -116.35 (1F) , -132.80 (1F) . Example 17. Synthesis of Compounds 64 and 65
[0250] Step 1: To a solution of 5-chloro-1- ( (2- (trimethylsilyl) ethoxy) methyl) -3, 4-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one (7.0 g, 22.37 mmol) in N, N-dimethylacetamide (70 mL) were added dppf (3.7 g, 6.71 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (3.1 g, 3.35 mmol) , Zn powder (0.7 g, 11.18 mmol) and Zn (CN) 2 (5.2 g, 44.74 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 64-1.
[0251] Step 2: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 64-1 (6.0 g, 19.80 mmol) in 1, 2-DCE (100 mL) were added urea hydrogen peroxide (9.3 g, 99.01 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (21.7 g, 99.01 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 6 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (DCM / MeOH = 10 / 1) to afford 64-2.
[0252] Step 3: At -40 ℃, to a solution of 64-2 (2.6 g, 8.15 mmol) in DCM (50 mL) were added oxalyl chloride (10.4 g, 81.05 mmol) and TEA (12.3 g, 122.25 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1: 2) to afford 64-3.
[0253] Step 4: To a solution of 64-3 (800.0 mg, 2.36 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise 1M LiHMDS solution in THF (3.07 mL, 3.07 mmol) at -70 ℃ under N2. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hr and bromoacetonitrile (369.0 mg, 3.07 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at -70 ℃ for another 1 hr. After being quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl solution, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1: 4) to afford 64-4.
[0254] Step 5: A mixture of 64-4 (400.0 mg, 1.06 mmol) , a-6 (422.0 mg, 1.59 mmol) , Xantphos (61.0 mg, 0.11 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (97.0 mg, 0.10 mmol) and K2CO3 (439.0 mg, 3.18 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 4 hrs under N2. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1 / 5) to afford 64-5.
[0255] Step 6: A mixture of 64-5 (350.0 mg, 0.58 mmol) , Rh (PPh3) 3Cl (56.0 mg, 0.061 mmol) and acetaldoxime (159.0 mg, 2.69 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs under N2. After being cooled to RT, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 64-6.
[0256] Step 7: To a solution of 64-6 (120.0 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the residue was re-dissolved in MeCN (5 mL) and aq. NH3xH2O solution (0.25 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at RT for another 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5 to 95%) to afford 64-7.
[0257] Step 8: 64-7 (90.0 mg) was purified by prep-SFC (column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IB 250 x 30 mm, 10 μm, EtOH+0.2%NH3. MeOH in CO2, 20 / 80) to afford 64 (9.61 mg) and 65 (10.10 mg) , respectively. 64: SFC analysis: 100%de; retention time: 10.42 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IB 250 x 30 mm, 10 μm, EtOH+0.2%NH3. MeOH) in CO2; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 1 mL / min. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 494.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.69 (brs, 1H) , 8.36 (brs, 1H) , 8.03 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 (brs, 1H) , 7.40-7.29 (m, 2H) , 7.03-6.91 (m, 1H) , 6.44 (s, 1H) , 3.96-3.85 (m, 1H) , 2.95-2.77 (m, 3H) , 2.69-2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.00 (3F) , -116.59 (1F) , -133.09 (1F) . 65: SFC analysis: 99.39%de; retention time: 12.29 min; column: Daicel CHIRALPAK IB 250 x 30 mm, 10 μm, EtOH+0.2%NH3. MeOH) in CO2; pressure: 100 bar; flow rate: 1 mL / min. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 494.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.68 (brs, 1H) , 8.29 (brs, 1H) , 7.98 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 7.50 (brs, 1H) , 7.41-7.29 (m, 2H) , 6.98-6.81 (m, 1H) , 6.45 (s, 1H) , 4.22-4.12 (m, 1H) , 2.93-2.74 (m, 3H) , 2.69-2.58 (m, 1H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.06 (3F) , -116.56 (1F) , -133.06 (1F) . Example 18. Synthesis of Compound 66
[0258] Step 1: A solution of 2, 6-dibromo-3-iodopyridin-4-amine (8.3 g, 21.97 mmol) , ethyl prop-2-enoate (5.5 mL, 50.53 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (493.2 mg, 2.20 mmol) , tri (o-tolyl) phosphine (1337.3 mg, 4.39 mmol) and TEA (6.11 mL, 43.94 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was degassed by bubbling N2 for three times and stirred at 105 ℃ for 16 hrs. After being cooled to RT, water (300 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrouNa2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (40%EtOAc in PE) to afford 66-1.
[0259] Step 2: To a solution of 66-1 (1.3 g, 3.71 mmol) in MeOH (15 mL) was added CoCl2 (1.0 g, 7.43 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 10 mins. NaBH4 (1.4 g, 37.14 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with DCM. The combined organic layer was washed with 20%aqueous solution of NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (MeOH / DCM = 1 / 10) to afford 66-2.
[0260] Step 3: A solution of 66-2 (800 mg, 2.27 mmol) in HBr (48%in water) (5 mL) was stirred at 45 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water, adjusted to pH = 7 with NaHCO3, filtered and washed with PE. The filter cake was dried to afford 66-3.
[0261] Step 4: To a mixture of 66-3 (400 mg, 1.31 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.06 g, 3.27 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) was added SEMCl (261.6 mg, 1.57 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE in EtOAc from 0%~100%) to afford 66-4.
[0262] Step 5: To a solution of 66-4 (280 mg, 0.642 mmol) and 1- { [ (2-methylprop-2-yl) oxy] carbonyl} azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (167.91 mg, 0.834 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) were added Ir [dF (CF3) ppy] 2 (dtbbpy) PF6 (51.4 mg, 0.046 mmol) , NiCl2Glyme (14.1 mg, 0.064 mmol) , 4- (2-methylprop-2-yl) -2- [4- (2-methylprop-2-yl) pyridin-2-yl] pyridine (12.3 mg, 0.046 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (627.4 mg, 1.926 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 mins, and irradiated under blue LED lights for 20 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 5 / 2) to afford 66-5.
[0263] Step 6: To a solution of 66-5 and a-6 (25.9 mg, 0.098 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (13.4 mg, 0.015 mmol) , S-phos (8.0 mg, 0.020 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (79.5 mg, 0.244 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 5 mins. Then the mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 66-6.
[0264] Step 7: To a solution of 66-6 (50 mg, 0.072 mmol) in DCM (0.40 mL) was added TFA (0.2 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 hrs. Then the solvent was removed. The residue was dissolved in ACN (2 mL) and NH4OH (0.2 mL) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 0.5 hr. The solvent was removed. The residue was purified by reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 5%~40%) to afford 66. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 467.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.54-10.44 (m, 1H) , 8.90-8.72 (m, 1H) , 8.13-8.02 (m, 1H) , 7.41-7.31 (m, 2H) , 7.05-6.87 (m, 1H) , 6.35-6.31 (m, 1H) , 5.66-5.57 (m, 1H) , 4.18-4.04 (m, 1H) , 3.91-3.77 (m, 1H) , 2.87-2.51 (m, 3H) , 2.44-2.40 (m, 2H) , 2.39-2.32 (m, 1.5H) , 2.30-2.22 (m, 2.5H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.24 (3F) , -116.47 (1F) , -133.01 (1F) . Example 19. Synthesis of Compound 69
[0265] Step 1: To a solution of 5, 7-dichloro-3, 4-dihydro-1, 6-naphthyridin-2 (1H) -one (10 g, 46.07 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) were added 1-chloro-5, 5-dimethyl-2-oxa-5-silahexane (15.4 g, 92.15 mmol) and DIEA (22.8 mL, 138.2 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 16 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EA, and washed with H2O and brine. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 69-1.
[0266] Step 2: A degassed solution of 69-1 (12 g, 34.55 mmol) , potassium trifluoro (vinyl) -λ5-boranuide (5.55 g, 41.46 mmol) , Pd (dtbpf) Cl2 (4.46 g, 6.91 mmol) and Na2CO3 (11.0 g, 103.65 mmol) in dioxane / water (10 / 1, 120 mL) was stirred at 50 ℃ for 24 hrs. The mixture was filtered. The filter cake was washed with EA. The filtrate was washed with brine. The organic layer was concentrated and purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc=4 / 1) to afford 69-2.
[0267] Step 3: A mixture of 69-2 (2.3 g, 6.79 mmol) , a-6 (1.98 g, 7.47 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (621 mg, 0.68 mmol) , S-phos (557 mg, 1.36 mmol) and K2CO3 (2.8 g, 20.36 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 18 hrs under N2. The resulting mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 3 / 1) to afford 69-3.
[0268] Step 4: To a solution of 69-3 (1.2 g, 2.1 mmol) in water (4 mL) and THF (8 mL) were added bis (oxidane) dipotassium dioxidodioxo-λ6-osmium (VI) (77.9 mg, 0.21 mmol) and sodium periodate (2.26 g, 10.57 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hr. Water (30 mL) was added. This mixture was extracted with EA. The combined organic layer was concentrated and purified by SGCC (PE / EtOAc = 2 / 1) to afford 69-4.
[0269] Step 5: To a solution of 69-4 (100 mg, 0.176 mmol) and 1-methylpiperazine (35.2 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (111.6 mg, 0.53 mmol) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. This mixture was concentrated under vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (0-10%of MeOH in DCM) to afford 69-5.
[0270] Step 6: To a solution of 69-5 (100 mg, 0.153 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) . The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. ACN and ammonia was added. The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by revered phase chromatography (0.05% FA in water / ACN = 35%) to afford 69. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 524.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 10.29 (s, 1H) , 7.81 –7.78 (m, 1H) , 7.40 –7.32 (m, 2H) , 6.54 –6.49 (m, 1H) , 6.23 (s, 1H) , 3.51 –3.48 (m, 1H) , 3.31 –3.28 (m, 1H) , 2.83 –2.79 (m, 2H) , 2.41 –2.33 (m, 4H) , 2.31 (s, 3H) , 2.29 –2.12 (m, 6H) , 2.12 –2.06 (m, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.32 (3F) , -116.58 (1F) , -133.11 (1F) . Example 20. Synthesis of Compound 75
[0271] Step 1: To a solution of 4-amino-2-chloronicotinaldehyde (2.20 g, 14.05 mmol) in MeOH (32 mL) were added tetrahydropyran-4-amine (4.30 g, 42.15 mmol) and HOAc (2.50 g, 42.15 mmol) at 50 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 48 hrs. Then NaBH4 (3.30 g, 87.23 mmol) was added at RT and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. The mixture was basified with sat. aq. Na2CO3 solution (100 mL) and extracted with DCM (3 x 80 mL) . The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (30%MeOH in DCM) to afford 75-1.
[0272] Step 2: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 75-1 (2.0 g, 8.27 mmol) in THF (20 mL) and DMF (20 mL) were added DIEA (3.2 g, 24.82 mmol) and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate (1.67 g, 8.27 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 30 mins. Then 60%w. t NaH in mineral oil (0.1 g, 2.50 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (MeOH / DCM = 1 / 2) to afford 75-2.
[0273] Step 3: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 75-2 (1.0 g, 3.55 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added DIEA (1.4 g, 10.65 mmol) and SEMCl (0.71 g, 4.26 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at RT for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1 / 2) to afford 75-3.
[0274] Step 4: To a solution of 75-3 (1.0 g, 2.51 mmol) in dimethylacetamide (20 mL) were added dppf (0.60 g, 1.00 mmol) , Zn (CN) 2 (0.40 g, 3.02 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (0.50 g, 0.50 mmol) . The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 2 mins and stirred at 100 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 0-80%) to afford 75-4.
[0275] Step 5: At 0 ℃, to a solution of 75-4 (900 mg, 2.24 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added urea hydrogen peroxide (630.4 mg, 6.71 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (1.41 g, 6.71 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 30 mins. The mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (MeOH / DCM = 1 / 12) to afford 75-5.
[0276] Step 6: At -70 ℃, to a solution of 75-5 (500 mg, 1.20 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) were added dropwise TEA (1.50 g, 14.83 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (1.26 mL, 14.83 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at -10 ℃ for 30 mins. After being quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 solution (50 mL) at -70 ℃, the mixture was stirred at RT for another 20 mins. The mixture was extracted with DCM and the organic layer was washed with brine and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (EtOAc / PE = 1 / 2) to afford 75-6.
[0277] Step 7: To a solution of 75-6 (320 mg, 0.73 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (6 mL) were added a-6 (291 mg, 1.10 mmol) , S-phos (120 mg, 0.29 mmol) , Cs2CO3 (477 mg, 1.46 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (133 mg, 0.15 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 2 mins and stirred at 100 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%FA in water = 0-80%) to afford 75-7.
[0278] Step 8: To a mixture of 75-7 (100 mg, 0.15 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added Parkins' catalyst (26.4 mg, 0.062 mmol) and the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was cooled, diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated aq. NaHCO3 solution, water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 0-80%) to afford 75-8.
[0279] Step 9: To a solution of 75-8 (80 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) was added TFA (2 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was diluted with EtOAc, washed with ammonia, water and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN / 0.05%TFA in water = 0-80%) to afford 75. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 540.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ 9.69 (brs, 1H) , 8.48-8.37 (m, 1H) , 7.97-7.87 (m, 1H) , 7.57-7.47 (m, 1H) , 7.40-7.29 (m, 2H) , 7.05-6.91 (m, 1H) , 6.33 (s, 1H) , 4.75-4.61 (m, 2H) , 4.36-4.24 (m, 1H) , 3.97-3.85 (m, 2H) , 3.40-3.30 (m, 2H) , 2.32 (s, 3H) , 1.83-1.67 (m, 2H) , 1.55-1.42 (m, 2H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6, ppm) : δ -71.04 (3F) , -116.60 (1F) , -133.08 (1F) . Example 21. Synthesis of Compounds 98 and 99
[0280] Step 1: A solution of 2, 6-dichloro-3-iodopyridin-4-amine (15 g, 51.92 mmol) , 1- (vinyloxy) butane (8.06 mL, 62.31 mmol) , TEA (15.30 mL, 110.07 mmol) , Pd (OAc) 2 (0.6 g, 2.60 mmol) and tris (2-methylphenyl) phosphane (4.7 g, 15.58 mmol) in CH3CN (50 mL) was stirred 85 ℃ for16 hrs. The mixture was cooled and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated. The residue was diluted with THF (50 mL) and HCl (17.31 mL, 103.84 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 hr. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8 by addition of aqueous NaHCO3 solution and then extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0- 30%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-1.
[0281] Step 2: To a solution of 98-1 (2.6 g, 12.68 mmol) in pyridine (10 mL) was added diethyl (1-chloro-1-oxoeth-2-yl) phosphonate (19.05 g, 88.76 mmol) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2.5 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H2O and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-70%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-2.
[0282] Step 3: A solution of 98-2 (1.7 g, 4.44 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.8 g, 13.31 mmol) in DMA (20 mL) was stirred at 80 ℃ for 2 hrs. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc, adjusted to pH= 6 by addition of HCl (2M) , and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 98-3.
[0283] Step 4: To a solution of 98-3 (410 mg, 1.79 mmol) and DIPEA (1.78 mL, 10.74 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added 1-chloro-5, 5-dimethyl-2-oxa-5-silahexane (1.27 mL, 7.16 mmol) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 60 ℃ for 10 hrs. The mixture was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H2O and concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-10%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-4.
[0284] Step 5: A solution of 98-4 (322 mg, 0.90 mmol) and selenium dioxide (298.3 mg, 2.69 mmol) in (phenyloxy) benzene phenylbenzene (5 mL) was stirred at 150 ℃ for 6 hrs. The mixture was filtered and washed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated to afford crude 98-5 which was used in the next step directly.
[0285] Step 6: A solution of 98-5 (334 mg, 0.90 mmol) and NaBH4 (67.7 mg, 1.79 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2.5 hrs. The mixture was quenched with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was concentrated. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-50%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-6.
[0286] Step 7: To a solution of 98-6 (252 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) were added fluoroboric acid (442.2 mg, 2.01 mmol) and (diazomethyl) trimethylsilane (2.01 mL, 4.03 mmol) at 0 ℃. Then the mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 16 hrs. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 7 by addition of aqueous NaHCO3 solution. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-10%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-7.
[0287] Step 8: A solution of 98-7 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) and CuCN (138 mg, 1.54 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) was stirred at 150 ℃ for 4 hrs. The mixture was filtered. The filtrate was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with H2O and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-30%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-8.
[0288] Step 9: A solution of 98-8 (43 mg, 0.11 mmol) , (1S) -1- (5, 7-difluoro-3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl) -2, 2, 2-trifluoroethan-1-amine (30.01 mg, 0.11 mmol) , S-phos (9.3 mg, 0.023 mmol) , K2CO3 (46.9 mg, 0.34 mmol) and Pd2 (dba) 3 (10.4 mg, 0.011 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was stirred at 100 ℃ for 2.5 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by SGCC (0-25%EtOAc in PE) to afford 98-9.
[0289] Step 10: A solution of 98-9 (74 mg, 0.097 mmol) and Raney Ni (191.3 mg, 0.88 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) and AcOH (1 mL) was stirred at 60 ℃ under H2 balloon for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a mixture of 98-10 and 99-1.
[0290] Step 11: To a solution of a mixture of 98-10 and 99-1 (35 mg, 0.046 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added HCl in dioxane (5 mL, 4M) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 50 ℃ for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (MeCN / H2O (0.01%TFA) : 5%-50%) to afford 98 and 99.98: LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + =483.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 11.84 (s, 1H) , 8.54 -8.45 (m, 1H) , 7.46 -7.33 (m, 2H) , 7.03 –6.92 (m, 1H) , 6.63 (s, 1H) , 6.35 (s, 1H) , 4.71 –4.48 (m, 4H) , 3.35 (s, 3H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ -71.69 (3F) , -116.42 (1F) , -132.89 (1F) . 99: LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 485.4. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ 10.44 (s, 1H) , 8.09 -8.00 (m, 1H) , 7.43 –7.32 (m, 2H) , 7.01 –6.88 (m, 1H) , 6.29 (s, 1H) , 4.25 –4.03 (m, 4H) , 3.31 -3.26 (m, 2H) , 3.23 (s, 3H) , 3.18 -3.15 (m, 1H) , 2.33 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3, ppm) : δ -71.47 (3F) , -116.50 (1F) , -132.93 (1F) . Example 22. Synthesis of Compound 115
[0291] Step 1: To a stirred -70 ℃ solution of 64-3 (1.6 g, 4.59 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 1M LiHMDS (9.2 mL, 9.20 mmol) in hexane. After being stirred at this temperature for 30 mins, bromo (methoxy) methane (1.7 g, 13.84 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at -70 ℃ for another 30 mins. After being quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl solution (100 mL) , the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (acetonitrile; 0.05% TFA in water: 5%~95%) to afford 115-1.
[0292] Step 2: To a stirred -70 ℃ solution of 115-1 (462.0 mg, 1.09 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 1M BBr3 in DCM (5.4 mL, 5.40 mmol) . Then the reaction was warmed slowly to RT while stirring overnight. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was dissolved in MeCN (8 mL) and 2 mL of aq. NH4OH was added. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN; 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~95%) to afford 115-2.
[0293] Step 3: To a mixture of 115-2 (200.0 mg, 0.70 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) were added TEA (450.0 mg, 4.45 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (635.0 mg, 3.02 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 4 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN; 0.05%TFA in water: 5%to 95%) to afford 115-3.
[0294] Step 4: To a mixture of 115-3 (118.0 mg, 0.44 mmol) in ACN (17 mL) were added DIEA (170.0 mg, 1.32 mmol) and SEMCl (95.0 mg, 0.57 mmol) at 0 ℃ and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 2 hrs. The mixture was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN; 0.05%FA in water: 5%to 95%) to afford 115-4.
[0295] Step 5: At 25 ℃, to a mixture of 115-4 (44.0 mg, 0.11 mmol) , PPh3 (58.0 mg, 0.22 mmol) and Ziram (51.0 mg, 0.17 mmol) in THF (7 mL) was added DEAD (40.0 mg, 0.23 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 24 hrs. The mixture was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN; 0.05%FA in water: 5%to 95%) to afford 115-5.
[0296] Step 6: To a solution of 115-5 (19.0 mg, 0.050 mmol) and a-6 (16.0 mg, 0.060 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (3 mL) were added Pd2 (dba) 3 (9.2 mg, 0.010 mmol) , Xantphos (8.7 mg, 0.015 mmol) and K2CO3 (21.0 mg, 0.15 mmol) . The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen for 2 mins and stirred at 100 ℃ for 5 hrs. After being cooled to RT, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN; 0.05%TFA in water: 5%~95%) to afford 115-6.
[0297] Step 7: To a mixture of 115-6 (15.0 mg, 0.025 mmol) in EtOH (1.2 mL) and water (0.3 mL) was added Parkins’ Catalyst (3.0 mg, 0.0070 mmol) . Then the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was concentrated to afford crude 115-7 which was used directly in the next step.
[0298] Step 8: A mixture of 115-7 (15.0 mg, 0.024 mmol) in TFA (0.5 mL) and DCM (1 mL) was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.5 hrs. The mixture was concentrated. The residue was redissolved in MeCN (2 mL) and aq. NH3. H2O solution (0.5 mL) was added. The suspension was stirred at 25 ℃ for 0.5 hr. The mixture was purified by C18 reverse phase column (ACN; 0.05%FA in water: 5%to 95%) to afford 115. LCMS (ESI, m / z) : [M+H] + = 497.2. 1H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ 7.16-7.08 (m, 1H) , 7.04-6.94 (m, 1H) , 6.65-6.55 (m, 1H) , 6.36 (s, 1H) , 4.95-4.85 (m, 2H) , 4.44-4.34 (m, 2H) , 3.79 (s, 2H) , 2.34 (s, 3H) . 19F NMR (376 MHz, MeOD-d4, ppm) : δ -74.26 (3F) , -118.75 (1F) , -135.51 (1F) .
[0299] Table 1 shows characterization of some exemplary compounds of the present disclosure. Table 1. Characterization of some exemplary compounds. Biological Example A: In vitro kinase inhibition assay
[0300] PI3Ka_E545K kinase phosphorylates the substrate PIP2 to PIP3 using ATP, with ATP being converted to ADP during the reaction. ATP-depletion reagent was added to terminate the reaction resulting in only ADP but not ATP remaining in reaction mixture. To quantitate the amount of ADP, ADP-Glo kit (Promega) was used to detect the amount of ADP utilizing the coupled luciferase / luciferin reaction. Assay procedure
[0301] One microliter of test compounds dissolved in 5%DMSO at various concentrations were dispensed into a 384-well plate. Recombinant PI3Ka_E545K (Carna Biosciences) in assay buffer (2 μl in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 3 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT and 0.03%CHAPS) was added to the compound-containing plate and was incubated for 1 hr at 25 ℃. A substrate solution in assay buffer (2 μl in 0.025 mg / mL PIP2: 3PS, 100 μM ATP) was then added to start the reaction. The reaction mixture was incubated at 25 ℃ for 1 hr. Five microliters of ADP-Glo reagent (Promega) was added to each well and incubated at RT for 1 hr. Then, 10 μl of kinase detection reagent was added and incubated at RT for 1 hr. Luciferase activity of each well was measured via luminescence on the microplate reader (Tecan Spark) . Data analysis
[0302] Inhibition rate (IR) of the tested compounds was determined by the following formula: IR (%) = (average High control –compound well) / (average High control -average Low control) *100%. Compound IC50 was determined by fitting the non-linear regression equation: Y=Bottom + (Top-Bottom) / (1+10^ ( (LogIC50-X) *Hill Slope) ) , wherein X is Log of compound concentration; Y is IR; Top and Bottom is plateaus in the same units as Y; LogIC50 is the same log units as X; and Hill Slope: slope factor or hill slope. Reagents and materials
[0303] Table 2 shows IC50 values measured and calculated according to this biological example. Table 2. PI3Ka_E545K kinase assay IC50 of representative compounds (A: <100 nM; B: 100 nM –1 μM; C: > 1 μM) . Biological Example B: Cell proliferation assay in MCF-7 cell lines Assay procedure
[0304] The breast cancer cells MCF-7PI3KD_E545K (obtained from ATCC) were cultured in a 37 ℃incubator with 5%CO2 and 100%relative humidity. The cells were routinely sub-cultured to maintain exponential growth. Each cell assay plate well was plated with 600 cells in 100 μL suspension with culture media. Cells were incubated overnight before compounds were added to each well. Compounds were prepared as 10 mM stock solution in DMSO. Serial dilution was made in DMSO in a 200X stock plates. 0.5 μL of the 200X compound solution was added to each cell well of the cell assay plate. The final DMSO concentration was 0.5%in each well. High-control wells contained cells in media with 0.5%DMSO, and low-control wells contained media alone (without cells) . The cell assay plate was incubated for 6 days. Cell viability assay was performed according to the cell viability assay kit. Reagents and materials
[0305] Table 3 shows IC50 values measured and calculated according to this biological example. Table 3. Inhibition of cancer cell growth of representative compounds in MCF-7 PI3KD_E545K cells (IC50) (A: < 300 nM; B: 300 nM –3 μM; C: > 3 μM) . Biological Example C: Cell proliferation assay in different cell lines
[0306] Medium and reagents used in this study are listed in the following table. Experimental Methods and Procedures
[0307] The lung carcinoma cell lines NCI-H1048 and SK-BR-3 (obtained from ATCC) were cultured in a 37 ℃ incubator with 5%CO2 and 100%relative humidity. The cells were routinely sub-cultured to maintain exponential growth. Between 1000 to 1500 cells were plated to each well of the cell assay plate in 100 μL suspension. Cells were incubated before compounds were added to each well. Compounds were prepared as 10 mM stock solution in DMSO. Serial dilution was made in DMSO in a 200X compound stock plates. The compound stock solution (0.5 μL) was added to each well of the cell assay plate. The final DMSO concentration was 0.5%in each well. The cell assay plate was incubated for 6 days. Cell viability assay was performed according to the Bio-Pro luminescent assay kit.
[0308] Tables 4-5 show IC50 values measured and calculated according to this biological example. Table 4. Inhibition of cancer cell growth of representative compounds in H1048 cells (IC50) (A: < 100 nM; B: 100 nM –1 μM; C: > 1 μM) . Table 5. Inhibition of cancer cell growth of representative compounds in SK-BR-3 cells (IC50) (A: < 300 nM; B: 300 nM –3 μM; C: > 3 μM) .
[0309] The Summary and Abstract sections may set forth one or more but not all exemplary embodiments of the present invention as contemplated by the inventor (s) , and thus, are not intended to limit the present invention and the appended claims in any way.
[0310] The present invention has been described above with the aid of functional building blocks illustrating the implementation of specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed.
[0311] With respect to aspects of the invention described as a genus, all individual species are individually considered separate aspects of the invention. If aspects of the invention are described as "comprising" a feature, embodiments also are contemplated "consisting of” or "consisting essentially of” the feature.
[0312] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the invention that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.
[0313] The breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
[0314] All of the various aspects, embodiments, and options described herein can be combined in any and all variations.
[0315] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein:R1 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R2 is an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heterocyclyl, or an optionally substituted 5-14 membered heteroaryl;Ra is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-4 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-4 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-4 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl;Rb and Rc are each independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl; and R3, R4, and R5 are as defined in I-a, I-b, or I-c:I-a) R3 is hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl;R4 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-5 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-5 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl; preferably, R4 is -L1a-NH2, wherein L1a is an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkylene, for example, L1a is which is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or OH; andR5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is null, -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -C (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -C (O) -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-4 alkylene-N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) -C1-4 alkylene-NH-, -C (O) C (O) -, -C (O) C (O) NH-, or -C (O) C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) -, and R6 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein said C1-4 alkylene in -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -C1-4 alkylene-N (C1-4 alkyl) -, or -C (O) -C1-4 alkylene-NH-is optionally substituted with fluorine, e.g., 1-3 F; or I-b) R3 and R4, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 6-7 membered heterocyclic ring; andR5 is H or -L2-R6, wherein L2 is null, -C1-4 alkylene-, -C (O) -, -S (O) -, -S (O) 2-, -C (O) O-, -C (O) NH-, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-, -C (O) C (O) -, -C (O) C (O) NH-, or -C (O) C (O) N (C1-4 alkyl) -, and R6 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-10 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted C6-10 aryl, or an optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein said C1-4 alkylene in - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -, -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, or -C (O) - (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-is optionally substituted with fluorine, e.g., 1-3 F; preferably, R5 is H or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; or I-c) R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 6-10 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 6-10 membered heteroaryl ring; andR4 is an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C3-5 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-5 membered heterocyclic ring, or an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl; preferably, R4 is -L1c-NH2, wherein L1c is -C (O) -, or -C1-2 alkylene-which is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or methyl.2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-a-1 or I-a-1-A: 3.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-b-1, I-b-2, I-b-3, I-b-4, I-b-1-A, I-b-2-A, I-b-3-A, or I-b-4-A: whereinR11 and R12 at each occurrence are independently halogen, OH, NH2, oxo, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; ortwo R11, when attached to the same ring carbon atom, together with the ring carbon atom they are attached to, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclic ring; ortwo R12, when attached to the same ring carbon atom, together with the ring carbon atom they are attached to, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-4 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclic ring;n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; andm is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.4.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, characterized by having Formula I-c-1, I-c-2, I-c-3, I-c-4, I-c-5, I-c-1-A, I-c-2-A, I-c-3-A, or I-c-4-A: whereinR21 is hydrogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl;R22 and R23 are each independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; orR22 and R23, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring;R24 and R24’ are each independently hydrogen, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl; orR24 and R24’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -;R25 is hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl; orR24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclic ring; orR24, R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring;R26 and R27 are each independently hydrogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 carbocyclic ring, an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted phenyl, or an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroaryl; orR26 and R27, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-membered heteroaryl ring;Y1 is O, NR28, or CR28’ R28” , wherein R28, R28’ and R28” are each independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl;R14 and R14’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; orR14 and R14’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted 4-6 membered heterocyclyl; andR15 and R15’ are each independently hydrogen, halogen, OH, NH2, CN, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C1-6 heteroalkyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C2-6 alkynyl, or an optionally substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl.5.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is CF3.6.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R2 is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl, wherein the heteroaryl contains one or more ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, and is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br, OH, NH2, CN, CH3, CH2CH3, OCH3, OCH2CH3, CH (CH3) 2, acetenyl, and cyclopropyl; preferably, R2 is selected from: more preferably, R2 is 7.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the carbon connecting R1 and R2 in the compound is a chiral carbon and has a chirality as shown in 8.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ra is H, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxy, wherein said C1-4 alkyl or said C1-4 alkoxy is optionally substituted with fluorine; preferably, Ra is H.9.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rb is H or C1-4 alkyl; preferably, Rb is H.10.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Rc is H or C1-4 alkyl; preferably, Rc is H.11.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a, R3 is H, halogen, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 alkoxy; preferably, R3 is H.12.The compound of any one of claims 1-2 and 4-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a, I-c, or any applicable subformula thereof, R4 is (C1-4 alkylene) -OH, (C1-4 alkylene) -NH2, (C1-4 alkylene) -NH (C1-4 alkyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -NH (C1-4 alkoxy) , (C1-4 alkylene) -NH-CHO, or (C1-4 alkylene) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , wherein the C1-4 alkylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from OH, halogen (e.g., F) and cyclopropyl; preferably, R4 is -CH2-NH2, -CH2-NH-CH3, -CH2-NH-OCH3, -CH (CH3) -NH2, -CH (OH) -CH2-NH2, -CH (OH) -CH2-NH-CH3, -CH (OH) -CH2-N (CH3) 2, -CF2-CH2-NH2, -CH (NH2) -CH2F, -CH (NH2) -CH2-OH, -C (CH3) 2-OH, -C (CH3) 2-NH2, -C (CH3) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -C (CH3) (OH) -CH2-NH-CH3, -C (CH3) (OH) -CH2-N (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) (NH2) -CH2-OH, -C (CH2F) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -C (CHF2) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -C (CF3) (OH) -CH2-NH2, -CH (OH) -CH (CH3) -NH2, -CHF-CH2-NH2, -CF2-CH2-NH2, -CH (OH) -CH (CH2F) -NH2, -CH (OH) -CH (CHF2) -NH2, or -C (OH) (cyclopropyl) -CH2-NH2; orR4 is -CH2-NH-CH2-CH2OH, -CH2-O-CH2-CH2NH2, or R4 is -CR41R42-NH2 or -CR41R42-OH, wherein R41 and R42, together with the C atom they are attached to, are joined to form -C (O) -, C3-5 cycloalkylene, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclylene containing one ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, wherein the C3-5 cycloalkylene or the 4-5 membered heterocyclylene are optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from NH2, halogen and C1-4 alkyl; preferably, R4 is -C (O) -NH2, orR4 is C3-5 carbocyclyl, a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl containing one ring nitrogen atom, or a 5-membered heteroaryl containing one or more ring nitrogen atoms, wherein the C3-5 carbocyclyl, the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl, or the 5-membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from NH2, halogen (e.g., F) and C1-4 alkyl; preferably, R4 isor R4 is (C1-4 alkylene) - (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) , wherein the C1-4 alkylene is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from OH and halogen (e.g., F) , and the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl contains one ring nitrogen atom and is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen and C1-4 alkyl; preferably, R4 is (substituted C1-4 alkylene) - (4-5 membered heterocyclyl) , wherein the substituted C1-4 alkylene is -CH (OH) -, -CHF-, or -CF2-, and the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl isorR4 isorR4 is selected fromor R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) -, or an optionally substituted -C1-4 alkylene- (such as -C1-2 alkylene-optionally substituted with OH or halogen (e.g., F) ) , and R4b is an optionally substituted 4-8 membered heterocyclyl; preferably, R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -C (O) -, -CH2-, -CH (CH2OH) -, -CH (OH) CH2-, or -CF2-, and R4b is a 4-8 membered monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclyl containing one or more ring nitrogen atoms (e.g., azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, ) and optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from OH, CN, halogen (e.g., F) , C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl or ethyl) , O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., OCH3) , NH (C1-4 alkyl) , N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) (e.g., N (CH3) 2) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., -CH2CF3, -CH2CH2CF3) , -C1-4 alkylene-CN, -C1-4 alkylene-OH, -C1-4 alkylene-O- (C1-4 alkyl) , C3-4 cycloalkyl (e.g., cyclopropyl) , -C1-4 alkylene-C3-4 cycloalkyl (e.g., -C1-4 alkylene-cyclopropyl) , and a 4-membered heterocyclyl containing one heteroatom selected from N, O and S (e.g., oxetanyl) ; orR4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) -, or an optionally substituted -C1-4 alkylene- (such as -C1-2 alkylene-optionally substituted with OH or halogen (e.g., F) ) , and R4b is selected from:or R4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) -, or an optionally substituted -C1-4 alkylene- (such as -C1-2 alkylene-optionally substituted with OH or halogen (e.g., F) ) , and R4b is selected from:orR4 is -R4a-R4b, wherein R4a is null, -O-, -NH-, -N (C1-4 alkyl) -, -C (O) -, or an optionally substituted -C1-4 alkylene- (such as -C1-2 alkylene-optionally substituted with OH or halogen (e.g., F) ) , and R4b is a 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclyl containing one or more ring nitrogen atoms, preferably (such as) .13.The compound of any one of claims 1-2 and 4-11, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a, R4 is -L1a-NH2, wherein L1a is or in Formula I-c, R4 is -L1c-NH2, wherein L1c is -CH2-.14.The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 5-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a, I-b, or any applicable subformula thereof, R5 is -C (O) - (C1-4 alkyl) or -C (O) C (O) NH- (C1-4 alkyl) ; preferably, R5 is -C (O) -CH3 or -C (O) C (O) NHCH3.15.The compound of any one of claims 1-2 and 5-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, or C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) ; preferably, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is -C (O) -NH-CH3, -CH2-OH, or -CH2-O-CH3; orR5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is a C4-6 carbocyclic ring or a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, wherein said C4-6 carbocyclic ring (such as) or said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl; preferably, R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 isor R5 is -L2-R6, wherein L2 is -C (O) -and R6 is a C4-6 carbocyclic ring or a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, wherein said C4-6 carbocyclic ring or said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring (such asfor example) is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , or C1-6 heteroalkyl; preferably, R5 isor(for example, ) .16.The compound of any one of claims 2 and 5-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-a-1-A, R6 is C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, or C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) ; preferably, R6 is -C (O) -NH-CH3, -CH2-OH, or -CH2-O-CH3; orR6 is C4-6 carbocyclic ring or 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring, wherein said C4-6 carbocyclic ring (such as) or said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl; preferably, R6 is17.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form a 6-membered heterocyclic ring or a 6-membered heteroaryl ring, wherein the 6-membered heterocyclic ring or the 6-membered heteroaryl ring contains the ring nitrogen atom attached to Rc and R5 and optionally one additional ring heteroatom selected from N, O and S, and wherein the 6-membered heterocyclic ring or the 6-membered heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-6 carbocyclyl, a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, and a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the C3-6 carbocyclyl, the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, the phenyl, or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F.18.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form a 9-membered bicyclic (e.g., fused or spiro) heterocyclic ring or heteroaryl ring, wherein the 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring or heteroaryl ring contains the ring nitrogen atom attached to Rc and R5 and optionally additional 1-3 ring heteroatoms independently selected from N, O and S, and wherein the 9-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring or heteroaryl ring is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-4 carbocyclyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclyl or the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F.19.The compound of any one of claims 1 and 5-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form wherein R31 at each occurrence is independently halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-6 carbocyclyl, a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or a 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the C3-6 carbocyclyl, the 4-6 membered heterocyclyl, the phenyl, or the 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F, and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; preferably, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to form wherein R31 is as defined above, and R33 is H, C1-4 alkyl, or C1-4 heteroalkyl; orR3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to formwherein R32 at each occurrence is independently halogen, oxo, CN, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C3-4 carbocyclyl, or a 4-5 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the C3-4 carbocyclyl or the 4-5 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl substituted with 1-3 F, C1-4 alkoxy, and C1-4 alkoxy substituted with 1-3 F, and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; preferably, R3 and R5, together with the intervening C, C and N atoms, are joined to formwherein R32 and R33 are as defined above.20.The compound of any one of claims 3, 5-7 and 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-b, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; and R11 at each occurrence is independently halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl.21.The compound of any one of claims 3, 5-7 and 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-b, n is 0.22.The compound of any one of claims 3, 5-7 and 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-b , m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and R12 at each occurrence is independently halogen, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 heteroalkyl.23.The compound of any one of claims 3, 5-7 and 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-b, m is 0.24.The compound of any one of claims 4-7 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R21 is H, C1-6 alkyl, or fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl; preferably, R21 is H or methyl.25.The compound of any one of claims 4-7 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R22 is selected from: hydrogen;OH, NH2, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C1-2 alkylene-NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , NH-C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , or N (C1-4 alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) ;a monocyclic or bicyclic C3-6 carbocyclyl, wherein said C3-6 carbocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 heteroalkyl;phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) ;a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 4-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) ; anda 5-6 membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl;preferably, R22 is H, NH2, CH3, -CH2-OH, N (CH3) 2, -CH2-O-CH3, -C (O) -NH-CH3, -N (CH3) -C (O) -CH3, cyclopropyl, 26.The compound of any one of claims 4-9, 12-13 and 25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R23 is selected from: hydrogen;OH, NH2, C1-4 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-4 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl, O-C1-4 alkyl, NH-C1-4 alkyl, N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , C1-2 alkylene-O-C1-4 alkyl, C1-2 alkylene-NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -NH-C1-4 alkyl, C (O) -N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) , NH-C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) , or N (C1-4 alkyl) -C (O) - (C1-6 alkyl) ;C2-4 alkynyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-4 cycloalkyl;a monocyclic or bicyclic C3-6 carbocyclyl, wherein said C3-6 carbocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, and C1-6 heteroalkyl;phenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, CN, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) ;R23a or O-R23a, wherein R23a is a 4-6 membered heterocyclyl containing one or two ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 4-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from halogen, OH, C1-6 alkyl, fluoro-substituted C1-6 alkyl, O-C1-6 alkyl, NH-C1-6 alkyl, and N (C1-4 alkyl) (C1-6 alkyl) ; anda 5-6 membered heteroaryl containing one, two, three, or four ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S, wherein said 5-6 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl;preferably, R23 is H, CH3, N (CH3) 2, cyclopropyl, 27.The compound of any one of claims 4-9 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R22 and R23, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, or three ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., ) , wherein said C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclobutyl is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or OH, and wherein said 4-membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl.28.The compound of any one of claims 4-9 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R22 and R23, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form wherein *represents the attachment with NH.29.The compound of any one of claims 4-9 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R24 is hydrogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl; preferably, R24 is H.30.The compound of any one of claims 4-9, 12-13 and 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R24’ is hydrogen, CN, C1-4 alkyl, or hydroxy-substituted C1-4 alkyl; preferably, R24’ is H.31.The compound of any one of claims 4-9 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R24 and R24’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form -C (O) -.32.The compound of any one of claims 4-9, 12-13 and 29-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R25 is H or C1-4 alkyl; preferably, R25 is H or methyl.33.The compound of any one of claims 4-9, 12-13 and 29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heterocyclic ring (such as wherein *represents the attachment with NH) .34.The compound of any one of claims 4-9 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R24, R24’ and R25, together with the intervening C and N atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two or three ring nitrogen atoms (such as wherein *represents the attachment with NH) .35.The compound of any one of claims 4-9 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, R26 and R27, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form a 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one, two, or three ring heteroatoms each independently selected from N, O and S and optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., ) , wherein said C1-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, or cyclobutyl is optionally substituted with fluorine and / or OH, and wherein said 4-membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with C1-6 alkyl; preferably, R26 and R27, together with the intervening C and C atoms, are joined to form wherein *represents the attachment with NH.36.The compound of any one of claims 4-9, 12-13 and 35, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in any applicable subformula of Formula I-c, Y1 is NH or CH2.37.The compound of any one of claims 4-7 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, both R14 and R14’ are H.38.The compound of any one of claims 4-7 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, R14 is C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -OH (such as -CH2-OH) , (C1-4 alkylene) -CN (such as -CH2-CN) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., CH2F) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CH3) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 haloalkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CHF2) , or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., oxetanyl) , and R14’ is H or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) .39.The compound of claim 38, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, the carbon connecting R14 and R14’ in the compound has a chirality as shown in 40.The compound of any one of claims 4-7 and 12-13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, R14 and R14’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl ring containing one heteroatome selected from N, O and S, such as or R14 and R14’, together with the intervening C atom, are joined to form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heterocyclyl ring containing one heteroatome selected from N, O and S, such as (for example, ) or 41.The compound of any one of claims 4-7, 12-13 and 37-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, both R15 and R15’ ae H.42.The compound of any one of claims 4-7, 12-13 and 37-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, R15 is C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) , (C1-4 alkylene) -OH (such as -CH2-OH) , (C1-4 alkylene) -CN (such as -CH2-CN) , C1-4 haloalkyl (e.g., CH2F) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 alkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CH3) , (C1-4 alkylene) -O- (C1-4 haloalkyl) (e.g., CH2-O-CHF2) , or an optionally substituted 4-membered heterocyclyl (e.g., oxetanyl) , and R15’ is H or C1-4 alkyl (e.g., methyl) .43.The compound of claim 42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, in Formula I-c-5, the carbon connecting R15 and R15’ in the compound has a chirality as shown in 44.A compound selected from the compounds shown in Examples section or any of the compounds shown in Table A herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.45.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to any one of claims 1-44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.46.A method of treating a disease or disorder associated with phosphoinositide 3 -kinase (PI3K) , comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-44 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 45.47.The method of claim 46, wherein the PI3K is PI3Ka.48.The method of any one of claims 46-47, wherein the disease or disorder is a cancer.49.The method of claim 48, wherein the cancer is endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, or prostate cancer.50.The method of any one of claims 46-47, wherein the disease or disorder is CLOVES syndrome (congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi, scoliosis / skeletal and spinal syndrome) , or PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS) .51.A method of inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) , comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-44 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 45.52.A method of treating cancer, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-44 or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 45.53.The method of claim 52, wherein the cancer is endometrial cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, or prostate cancer.
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