An aerosol-generating device comprising a charging circuit
The dual charging circuit system in aerosol-generating devices optimizes charging efficiency by adjusting current based on battery voltage and state-of-charge, addressing heat generation issues and enabling faster charging without thermal damage.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/108467
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-05
AI Technical Summary
Fast-charging of rechargeable batteries in aerosol-generating devices generates significant heat, which is difficult to dissipate due to their small size, limiting charging rates and posing a risk of thermal damage.
The aerosol-generating device employs dual charging circuits - a buck converter and a charge pump - that adjust charging current based on battery voltage and state-of-charge to optimize charging efficiency and reduce heat generation.
This approach allows for faster charging with reduced heat generation, enhancing the safety and efficiency of rechargeable batteries in aerosol-generating devices.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024108467_05022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
AN AEROSOL-GENERATING DEVICE COMPRISING A CHARGING CIRCUIT
[0001] The present disclosure relates to an aerosol-generating device comprising a rechargeable battery and charging circuitry. The present disclosure also relates to an aerosol-generating system comprising the aerosol-generating device.
[0002] One type of aerosol-generating system is an electrically operated aerosol-generating system. Known handheld electrically operated aerosol-generating systems typically comprise an aerosol-generating device comprising a rechargeable battery, control electronics and a heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol-forming substrate may be a liquid substrate providing in a liquid reservoir. Alternatively, the aerosol-forming substrate may be a solid substrate. The aerosol-forming substrate may form part of an aerosol-generating article designed specifically for use with the aerosol-generating device. In some examples, the aerosol-generating article comprises an aerosol-forming substrate, such as a tobacco rod, tobacco plug, tobacco token, or tobacco pouch and the heater contained within the aerosol-generating device is inserted into or located around the aerosol-forming substrate when the aerosol-generating article is inserted into the aerosol-generating device. In an alternative electrically operated aerosol-generating system, the aerosol-generating article may comprise a capsule containing the aerosol-forming substrate, such as loose tobacco.
[0003] Current rechargeable battery technologies, such as lithium-ion batteries, facilitate relatively large battery capacities for relatively small form factors. This is particularly desirable for handheld aerosol-generating devices, since it permits use of the device for multiple aerosol-generating experiences without recharging the battery, while also providing a device that is relatively small.
[0004] An aerosol-generating device comprising a rechargeable battery having a relatively large charge capacity leads to a desire for fast-charging of the battery to reduce the time required to fully charge the battery. Fast-charging may be particularly desirable for aerosol-generating devices, which typically cannot be used by the user or only have limited functionality while the device battery is being charged.
[0005] However, fast-charging of a rechargeable battery may generate significant heat in the battery during charging. The typically small size of aerosol-generating devices may hinder dissipation of this heat. As such, excess heat generation during charging often restricts the fast-charging capability of aerosol-generating devices. To prevent thermal damage to the battery, charging rates are often slower than would otherwise be desirable.
[0006] It would be desirable to provide an aerosol-generating device having a rechargeable battery that facilitates an increased charging rate of the rechargeable battery while reducing or eliminated excess heating of the battery during charging by reducing the power losses.
[0007] According to an aspect of the present disclosure there is provided an aerosol-generating device. The aerosol-generating device may comprise an electric heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol-generating device may comprise a rechargeable battery configured to deliver a heater power supply from the rechargeable battery to the electric heater. The aerosol-generating device may comprise charging circuitry configured to receive an input power supply from an external power source and deliver a charging power supply to the rechargeable battery. The charging circuitry may comprise a first charging circuit, a second charging circuit, and a controller. The controller may be configured to monitor a voltage of the rechargeable battery when the charging circuitry is receiving an input power supply from an external power source. The controller may be configured to compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a first voltage threshold. The controller may be configured to deliver the charging power supply at a first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the first voltage threshold. The controller may be configured to deliver the charging power supply at a second constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold.
[0008] According to the present disclosure there is provided an aerosol-generating device. The aerosol-generating device comprises an electric heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol-generating device comprises a rechargeable battery configured to deliver a heater power supply from the rechargeable battery to the electric heater. The aerosol-generating device comprises charging circuitry configured to receive an input power supply from an external power source and deliver a charging power supply to the rechargeable battery. The charging circuitry comprises a first charging circuit, a second charging circuit, and a controller. The controller is configured to monitor a voltage of the rechargeable battery when the charging circuitry is receiving an input power supply from an external power source. The controller is configured to compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a first voltage threshold. The controller is configured to deliver the charging power supply at a first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the first voltage threshold. The controller is configured to deliver the charging power supply at a second constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold.
[0009] As used herein, the term “charging circuit” refers to an electrical circuit configured to receive an input power supply and deliver an output power supply, wherein the output power supply has a smaller voltage and a larger current than the input power supply.
[0010] Advantageously, providing charging circuitry comprising first and second charging circuits and supplying a charging power supply from one of the first and second charging circuits based on a monitored battery voltage enables use of each of the charging circuits for different parts of a charging regime. For example, the first charging circuit may be used for relatively low charging currents and the second charging circuit may be used for relatively high charging currents. Advantageously, this enables the first and second charging circuits to be optimised for different current delivery, which may increase charging efficiency compared to charging circuitry comprising only a single charging circuit. Advantageously, increased charging efficiency may reduce the generation of heat during charging of the rechargeable battery.
[0011] Preferably, each of the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit comprises a DC-to-DC converter.
[0012] Preferably, the first charging circuit is of a different type than the second charging circuit. Advantageously, different first and second charging circuits may facilitate the use of the first and second charging circuits for different parts of a charging regime to provide an increased charging efficiency over the charging regime.
[0013] The first charging circuit may comprise a buck converter. Advantageously, a buck converter may exhibit a relatively high efficiency when operating at relatively low output currents. Advantageously, a buck converter may be configured to operate across a range of output currents. Advantageously, a buck converter configured to operate across a range of output currents may facilitate charging of the rechargeable battery during a constant voltage portion of a charging regime.
[0014] The second charging circuit preferably comprises a charge pump. Advantageously, a charge pump may exhibit a relatively high efficiency when operating at relating large output currents. In embodiments in which the first charging circuit comprises a buck converter, the charge pump may exhibit a higher efficiency than the buck converter at output currents above a certain threshold. The buck converter may exhibit a higher efficiency than the charge pump at output currents below the threshold.
[0015] Preferably, the second charging circuit comprises a charge pump and the first charging circuit does not comprise a charge pump.
[0016] Preferably, the second constant current is larger than the first constant current. Advantageously, providing a second constant current that is larger than the first constant current may facilitate an increased rate of charging of the rechargeable battery. In embodiments in which the first charging circuit comprises a buck converter, the smaller first constant current may facilitate operation of the first charging circuit at an increased or optimised efficiency. In embodiments in which the second charging circuit comprises a charge pump, the larger second constant current may facilitate operation of the second charging circuit at an increased or optimised efficiency. Advantageously, operating at least one of the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit at an increased or optimised efficiency may reduce or minimise heat generating by at least one of the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit. Advantageously, reducing or minimising heat generated by at least one of the first charging circuit and the second charging circuit may reduce or minimise unwanted heating of the rechargeable battery during charging.
[0017] A ratio of the second constant current to the first constant current may be at least 2 to 1, at least 3 to 1, at least 4 to 1, at least 5 to 1, or at least 6 to 1.
[0018] A ratio of the second current to the first constant current may be equal to or less than 12 to 1, equal to or less than 11 to 1, equal to or less than 10 to 1, equal to or less than 9 to 1, equal to or less than 8 to 1, or equal to or less than 7 to 1.
[0019] The first constant current may be at least 0.5 amps, at least 0.75 amps, at least 1 amp, at least 1.25 amps, at least 1.5 amps, at least 1.75 amps, or at least 2 amps.
[0020] The first constant current may be equal to or less than 3 amps, equal to or less than 2.75 amps, equal to or less than 2.5 amps, or equal to or less than 2.25 amps.
[0021] The first constant current may be between 0.5 amps and 1.5 amps.
[0022] The first constant current may be 1 amp. The first constant current may be 1.5 amps. The first constant current may be 2 amps.
[0023] The second constant current may be at least 3 amps, at least 3.5 amps, at least 4 amps, at least 4.5 amps, at least 5 amps, at least 5.5 amps, or at least 6 amps.
[0024] The second constant current may be equal to or less than 10 amps, equal to or less than 9.5 amps, equal to or less than 9 amps, equal to or less than 8.5 amps, equal to or less than 8 amps, equal to or less than 7.5 amps, equal to or less than 7 amps, or equal to or less than 7.5 amps.
[0025] The second constant current may be between 3 amps and 6 amps.
[0026] The second constant current may be 3 amps. The second constant current may be 6 amps.
[0027] The first voltage threshold may be 3 volts, 3.1 volts, 3.2 volts, 3.3 volts, 3.4 volts, 3.6 volts, or 3.7 volts. Preferably, the first voltage threshold is 3.5 volts.
[0028] The rechargeable battery may have a nominal battery voltage when fully charged. As a result of at least one of manufacturing tolerances and ageing of the rechargeable battery through repeated charge and discharge cycles, the actual voltage of the rechargeable battery when fully charged may vary by ±10 percent of the nominal battery voltage. The rechargeable battery may have a nominal battery voltage when fully charged of 3.6 volts. The rechargeable battery may have a nominal battery voltage when fully charged of 3.7 volts. The rechargeable battery may have a nominal battery voltage when fully charged of 4.2 volts.
[0029] The first voltage threshold may be determined as a percentage of the nominal battery voltage of the rechargeable battery.
[0030] The first voltage threshold may be at least 75 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 76 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 77 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 78 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 79 percent of the nominal battery voltage, or at least 80 percent of the nominal battery voltage.
[0031] The first voltage threshold may be equal to or less than 95 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 94 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 93 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 92 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 91 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 90 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 89 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 88 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 87 percent of the nominal battery voltage, equal to or less than 86 percent of the nominal battery voltage, or equal to or less than 85 percent of the nominal battery voltage.
[0032] The first voltage threshold may be between 75 percent and 95 percent of the nominal battery voltage. The first voltage threshold may be between 75 percent and 90 percent of the nominal battery voltage. The first voltage threshold may be between 75 percent and 85 percent of the nominal battery voltage.
[0033] Preferably, the controller is configured to monitor a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery while the charging power supply is being delivered at the second constant current, and deliver the charging power supply at a third constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined threshold.
[0034] The term “state-of-charge” is a term of the art and is used herein to refer to a ratio of the available electrical charge stored in the rechargeable battery to the maximum possible electrical charge that can be stored in the rechargeable battery. The maximum possible electrical charge that can be stored in the rechargeable battery may also be referred to as the nominal charge capacity of the rechargeable battery. The state-of-charge may be expressed as a percentage of the nominal charge capacity.
[0035] The charging circuitry may comprise a battery fuel gauge arranged to determine a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery. The controller may be configured to monitor the state-pf-charge of the rechargeable battery using the battery fuel gauge.
[0036] Advantageously, delivering the charging power supply at a third constant current when the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined threshold may reduce or minimise heating of the rechargeable battery during charging. For example, as the voltage of the rechargeable battery increases during charging, the internal resistance of the battery also increases, which may result in increased heating of the rechargeable battery. Advantageously, delivering the charging power supply at a third constant current may facilitate variation of an output current from the second charging circuit, which may accommodate the increase in internal resistance of the rechargeable battery during charging.
[0037] The controller may be configured to deliver the charging power supply at the third constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is at least 45 percent, at least 50 percent, at least 55 percent, at least 60 percent, at least 65 percent, at least 70 percent, at least 75 percent, at least 80 percent, or at least 85 percent.
[0038] Preferably, the third constant current is larger than the first constant current.
[0039] Preferably, the third constant current is smaller than the second constant current.
[0040] The third constant current may be at least 30 precent of the second constant current, at least 35 percent of the second constant current, at least 40 percent of the second constant current, at least 45 percent of the second constant current, or at least 50 percent of the second constant current.
[0041] The third constant current may be equal to or less than 80 percent of the second constant, equal to or less than 75 percent of the second constant, equal to or less than 70 percent of the second constant current, equal to or less than 65 percent of the second constant current, or equal to or less than 60 percent of the second constant current.
[0042] The third constant current may be 50 percent of the second constant.
[0043] The third constant current may be at least 0.5 amps, at least 0.75 amps, at least 1 amp, at least 1.25 amps, at least 1.5 amps, at least 1.75 amps, or at least 2 amps.
[0044] The third constant current may be equal to or less than 3 amps, equal to or less than 2.75 amps, equal to or less than 2.5 amps, or equal to or less than 2.25 amps.
[0045] The third constant current may be 1.5 amps.
[0046] Preferably, the controller is configured to reduce a current output from the second charging circuit in a stepwise reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current.
[0047] Advantageously, reducing the current output from the second charging circuit in a stepwise reduction may facilitate a gradual reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current as the internal resistance of the battery gradually increases during charging.
[0048] Preferably, the controller is configured to monitor the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery during the stepwise reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current. Preferably, the controller is configured to execute a step reduction of the current output from the second charging circuit each time the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined threshold.
[0049] Each step reduction of the current output from the second charging circuit may have the same magnitude.
[0050] Each step reduction may reduce the current output from the second charging circuit by at least 0.5 amps, at least 0.75 amps, at least 1 amp, at least 1.25 amps, or at least 1.5 amps.
[0051] Each step reduction may reduce the current output from the second charging circuit by equal to or less than 2 amps, equal to or less than 1.75 amps, equal to or less than 1.5 amps, equal to or less than 1.25 amps, or equal to or less than 1 amp.
[0052] Each step reduction may reduce the current output from the second charging circuit by 1.5 amps.
[0053] The controller may be configured to perform the first step reduction when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 40 percent, 45 percent, 50 percent, or 55 percent.
[0054] The controller may be configured to perform the final step reduction when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 75 percent, 80 percent, 85 percent, or 90 percent.
[0055] In one embodiment, the second constant current is 3 amps and the third constant current is 1.5 amps, wherein the controller is configured to reduce the current output from the second charging circuit from the second constant current to 2.5 amps when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 50 percent, wherein the controller is configured to reduce the current output from the second charging circuit to 2 amps when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 70 percent, and wherein the controller is configured to reduce the current output from the second charging circuit to 1.5 amps when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 80 percent.
[0056] In another embodiment, the second constant current is 3 amps and the third constant current is 1.5 amps, wherein the controller is configured to reduce the current output from the second charging circuit from the second constant current to 2.5 amps when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 45 percent, wherein the controller is configured to reduce the current output from the second charging circuit to 2 amps when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 75 percent, and wherein the controller is configured to reduce the current output from the second charging circuit to 1.5 amps when the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 85 percent.
[0057] Preferably, the controller is configured to monitor the voltage of the rechargeable battery while the charging power supply is being delivered at the third constant current. Preferably, the controller is configured to cease delivery of the charging power supply from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage threshold during delivery of the charging power supply at the third constant current from the second charging circuit, and deliver the charging power supply at a constant voltage from the first charging circuit.
[0058] Advantageously, switching back to the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage threshold may facilitate constant-voltage charging of the rechargeable battery during a final portion of a charging regime. Advantageously, the first charging circuit may operate at a higher efficiency than the second charging circuit during a relatively low current constant-voltage period of charging.
[0059] The second voltage threshold may be a percentage of the nominal battery voltage. The second voltage threshold may be at least 95 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 96 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 97 percent of the nominal battery voltage, at least 98 percent of the nominal battery voltage, or at least 99 percent of the nominal battery voltage.
[0060] The second voltage threshold may be equal to the nominal battery voltage of the rechargeable battery. The second voltage threshold may be 3.6 volts. The second voltage threshold may be 3.7 volts. The second voltage threshold may be 4.2 volts.
[0061] The constant voltage may be equal to the nominal battery voltage of the rechargeable battery. The constant voltage may be 3.6 volts. The constant voltage may be 3.7 volts. The constant voltage may be 4.2 volts.
[0062] The controller may be configured to monitor a magnitude of current flowing from the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery during the delivery of the charging power supply at the constant voltage from the first charging circuit. Preferably, the controller is configured to cease delivery of the charging power supply from the first charging circuit when the monitored magnitude of current is less than a current threshold. Advantageously, the current threshold may be selected to correspond to a full-charged state of the rechargeable battery.
[0063] The controller may be configured to monitor the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery during the delivery of the charging power supply at the constant voltage from the first charging circuit. Preferably, the controller is configured to cease delivery of the charging power supply from the first charging circuit when the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery reaches 100 percent.
[0064] Preferably, the controller is configured to compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a pre-charge voltage threshold. Preferably, the controller is configured to deliver the charging power supply at a pre-charge constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the pre-charge voltage threshold. Preferably, the controller is configured to deliver the charging power supply at the first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the pre-charge voltage threshold and less than the first voltage threshold.
[0065] Advantageously, delivering the charging power supply at a pre-charge constant current when the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery is below a pre-charge voltage threshold may facilitate optimum charging of the rechargeable battery when the battery is fully discharged or close to fully discharged.
[0066] Preferably, the pre-charge constant current is smaller than the first constant current.
[0067] The pre-charge constant current may be equal to or less than 1 amp, equal to or less than 0.75 amps, equal to or less than 0.5 amps, equal to or less than 0.25 amps, equal to or less than 0.2 amps, equal to or less than 0.15 amps, or equal to or less than 0.1 amps.
[0068] The pre-charge voltage threshold may be 2.8 volts, 2.9 volts, 3 volts, 3.1 volts, or 3.2 volts. Preferably, the pre-charge voltage threshold is 3 volts.
[0069] Preferably, the aerosol-generating device comprises a battery heatsink arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the rechargeable battery to the battery heatsink. Advantageously, the battery heatsink may facilitate the transfer of heat generated during charging of the rechargeable battery away from the battery. Advantageously, this may reduce or minimise the temperature of the rechargeable battery during charging. Advantageously, reducing or minimising the temperature of the rechargeable battery during charging may facilitate charging of the battery at a faster rate using a higher electrical current.
[0070] The rechargeable battery may have an elongate shape defining a first end and a second end. Preferably, the battery heatsink extends from the first end of the rechargeable battery to the second end of the rechargeable battery. Advantageously, providing a battery heatsink extending between first and second ends of the rechargeable battery may increase or maximise a rate of conductive transfer of heat from the rechargeable battery to the battery heatsink.
[0071] Preferably, the aerosol-generating device comprises a housing. Preferably, the rechargeable battery is positioned within the housing. Preferably, the charging circuitry is positioned within the housing. The electric heater may be positioned within the housing.
[0072] Preferably, the rechargeable battery and the battery heatsink are positioned within the housing. Preferably, the battery heatsink is arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the battery heatsink to the housing. Advantageously, conductive heat transfer from the battery heatsink to the housing may facilitate dissipation of heat from the battery heatsink to the external environment via the housing.
[0073] The battery heatsink may comprise any suitable material that has a high thermal conductivity. The battery heatsink may comprise at least one of a metal and a metal alloy. The battery heatsink may comprise aluminium, copper, or an alloy thereof, for example copper tungsten or copper-molybdenum. As an example, the composite material may include aerogel, aluminium and graphite. Advantageously, aluminium may provide a desirable compromise between thermal conductivity, weight, and cost. The battery heatsink may comprise a ceramic material. The battery heatsink may comprise a phase change material, for example a paraffin wax material, non-paraffin organics, metallic phase-change materials, and phase-change materials based on non-hydrated salts.
[0074] Preferably, the aerosol-generating device comprises a printed circuit board, wherein the charging circuitry is provided on the printed circuit board. The first charging circuit may be provided as an integrated circuit on the printed circuit board. The second charging circuit may be provided as an integrated circuit on the printed circuit board.
[0075] Preferably, the battery heatsink is positioned between the rechargeable battery and the printed circuit board. Advantageously, positioning the battery heatsink between the rechargeable battery and the printed circuit board may reduce or eliminate the transfer of heat from the charging circuitry to the rechargeable battery during charging of the rechargeable battery. Advantageously, positioning the battery heatsink between the rechargeable battery and the printed circuit board may facilitate the transfer of heat from the charging circuitry to the battery heatsink.
[0076] Preferably, the printed circuit board is arranged for the radiative transfer of heat from the printed circuit board to the battery heatsink. Preferably, the printed circuit board is spaced apart from the battery heatsink.
[0077] Preferably, the aerosol-generating device comprises a printed circuit board heatsink arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board to the printed circuit board heatsink. Advantageously, the printed circuit board heatsink may facilitate the transfer of heat generated during charging of the rechargeable battery away from the charging circuitry. Advantageously, this may reduce or minimise heating of the charging circuitry during charging. Advantageously, reducing or minimising heating of the charging circuitry during charging may facilitate charging of the battery at a faster rate using a higher electrical current.
[0078] In embodiments in which the aerosol-generating device comprises a housing, preferably the printed circuit board and the printed circuit board heatsink are positioned within the housing. Preferably, the printed circuit board heatsink is arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board heatsink to the housing. Advantageously, conductive heat transfer from the printed circuit board heatsink to the housing may facilitate dissipation of heat from the printed circuit board heatsink to the external environment via the housing.
[0079] The printed circuit board heatsink may comprise any suitable material that has a high thermal conductivity. The printed circuit board heatsink may comprise at least one of a metal and a metal alloy. The printed circuit board heatsink may comprise aluminium, copper, or an alloy thereof, for example copper tungsten or copper-molybdenum. As an example, the composite material may include aerogel, aluminium and graphite. Advantageously, aluminium may provide a desirable compromise between thermal conductivity, weight, and cost. The printed circuit board heatsink may comprise a ceramic material. The printed circuit board heatsink may comprise a phase change material, for example a paraffin wax material, non-paraffin organics, metallic phase-change materials, and phase-change materials based on non-hydrated salts.
[0080] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a heat spreader arranged on the printed circuit board for the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board to the heat spreader, wherein the printed circuit board heatsink is arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the heat spreader to the printed circuit board heatsink. Advantageously, the heat spreader may provide improved thermal conduction between the printed circuit board and the printed circuit board heatsink. Preferably, the heat spreader is formed from an electrically insulating material. Advantageously, an electrically insulating material may electrically isolate the printed circuit board from the printed circuit board heatsink. The heat spreader may comprise a polyimide film. The heat spreader may comprise Kapton tape.
[0081] Preferably, the rechargeable battery is configured to output a DC power supply for heating the electric heater.
[0082] The rechargeable battery may be configured to supply the DC power supply directly to the electric heater. This arrangement may be particularly suited to embodiments in which the electric heater is a resistive heater.
[0083] The rechargeable battery may be configured to supply the DC power supply to a DC / AC inverter, wherein the output of the DC / AC inverter is supplied to the electric heater. This arrangement may be particularly suited to embodiments in which the electric heater is an inductor coil. The DC / AC inverter may comprise a Class-D or Class-E power amplifier.
[0084] The rechargeable battery may be a Lithium-ion battery, a Nickel-metal hydride battery, a Nickel cadmium battery, or a Lithium based battery, for example a Lithium-Cobalt, a Lithium-Iron-Phosphate or a Lithium-Polymer battery. Preferably, the rechargeable battery is a Lithium-ion battery.
[0085] Preferably, the charging circuitry comprises an external power interface for receiving the supply of power from an external power supply. The external power interface may comprise at least one of a plug and a socket for connection to an external power supply. The external power interface may comprise a USB socket, such as a USB-C socket.
[0086] In embodiments in which the aerosol-generating device comprises a housing, the housing may comprise any suitable material or combination of materials. Examples of suitable materials include metals, alloys, plastics or composite materials containing one or more of those materials, or thermoplastics that are suitable for food or pharmaceutical applications, for example polypropylene, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) , polyethylenimine (PEI) , and polyethylene. Preferably, the material is light and non-brittle.
[0087] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a chamber for receiving an aerosol-generating article comprising an aerosol-forming substrate, wherein the electric heater is arranged to heat an aerosol-generating article received within the chamber.
[0088] The electric heater may comprise a resistive heater. Preferably, the rechargeable battery is configured to deliver the heater power supply from the rechargeable battery to the resistive heater to resistively heat the resistive heater.
[0089] The resistive heater may extend into that chamber so that at least a portion of the resistive heater is arranged to be received inside an aerosol-forming substrate when an aerosol-generating article is inserted into the chamber. The resistive heater may be a blade-shaped resistive heater. The resistive heater may be a pin-shaped resistive heater.
[0090] The resistive heater may be arranged to extend around the outside of at least a portion of an aerosol-generating article when the aerosol-generating article is inserted into the chamber. The resistive heater may comprise a resistive heating coil.
[0091] The electric heater may comprise an inductor coil. Preferably, the rechargeable battery is configured to deliver an alternating current from the rechargeable battery to the inductor coil to generate a varying magnetic field.
[0092] The inductor coil may be arranged to inductively heat one or more susceptor elements, wherein the one or more susceptor elements heat an aerosol-forming substrate of an aerosol-generating article inserted into the chamber. The inductor coil may extend around at least a portion of the chamber.
[0093] The one or more susceptor elements may form part of an aerosol-generating article. The aerosol-generating device may comprise one or more susceptor elements.
[0094] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a susceptor element arranged to be received inside an aerosol-forming substrate when an aerosol-generating article is inserted into the chamber. The susceptor element may be a blade-shaped susceptor element. The susceptor element may be a pin-shaped susceptor element.
[0095] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a susceptor element arranged to extend around the outside of at least a portion of an aerosol-generating article when the aerosol- generating article is inserted into the chamber. The susceptor element may be a tubular susceptor element. The tubular susceptor element may at least partially define the chamber.
[0096] The aerosol-generating device may comprise a reservoir for containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, wherein the electric heater is arranged to heat liquid aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir. The aerosol-generating device may comprise a liquid transport element arranged to transport liquid aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir to the electric heater. The liquid transfer element may comprise an absorbent pad. The liquid transfer element may comprise a capillary wick. The electric heater may comprise a resistive heater. Preferably, the rechargeable battery is configured to deliver the heater power supply from the rechargeable battery to the resistive heater to resistively heat the resistive heater. The resistive heater may comprise a resistive heating coil. The liquid transfer element may comprise a capillary wick and the resistive heating coil may be wrapped around a portion of the capillary wick. The resistive heater may comprise a resistive heating mesh. The liquid transfer element may comprise an absorbent pad and the resistive heating mesh may overlie at least a portion of the absorbent pad.
[0097] According to the present disclosure there is provided an aerosol-generating system comprising an aerosol-generating device according to the present disclosure an aerosol-forming substrate.
[0098] In embodiments in which the aerosol-generating device comprises a chamber for receiving at least a portion of an aerosol-generating article, the aerosol-generating system comprises an aerosol-generating article comprising the aerosol-forming substrate. The aerosol-forming substrate may comprise a plug of tobacco.
[0099] In embodiments in which the aerosol-generating device comprises a reservoir, the aerosol-forming substrate is a liquid aerosol-forming substrate contained within the reservoir. The liquid aerosol-forming substrate may be a nicotine-containing liquid. The liquid aerosol-forming substrate may comprise a liquid tobacco extract.
[0100] The invention is defined in the claims. However, below there is provided a non-exhaustive list of non-limiting examples. Any one or more of the features of these examples may be combined with any one or more features of another example, embodiment, or aspect described herein.
[0101] Example 1: An aerosol-generating device comprising:
[0102] an electric heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate;
[0103] a rechargeable battery configured to deliver a heater power supply from the rechargeable battery to the electric heater; and
[0104] charging circuitry configured to receive an input power supply from an external power source and deliver a charging power supply to the rechargeable battery, wherein the charging circuitry comprises a first charging circuit, a second charging circuit, and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to:
[0105] monitor a voltage of the rechargeable battery when the charging circuitry is receiving an input power supply from an external power source;
[0106] compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a first voltage threshold;
[0107] deliver the charging power supply at a first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the first voltage threshold; and
[0108] deliver the charging power supply at a second constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold.
[0109] Example 2: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 1, wherein the first charging circuit is of a different type than the second charging circuit, preferably wherein the second charging circuit comprises a charge pump, preferably wherein the first charging circuit does not comprise a charge pump, optionally wherein the first charging circuit comprises a buck converter.
[0110] Example 3: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 1 or 2, wherein the second constant current is larger than the first constant current.
[0111] Example 4: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the rechargeable battery has a nominal battery voltage when fully charged.
[0112] Example 5: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 4, wherein the first voltage threshold is between 75 percent and 85 percent of the nominal battery voltage.
[0113] Example 6: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the controller is further configured to:
[0114] monitor a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery while the charging power supply is being delivered at the second constant current; and
[0115] deliver the charging power supply at a third constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined state-of-charge threshold.
[0116] Example 7: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 6, wherein the predetermined state-of-charge threshold is at least 45 percent.
[0117] Example 8: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 6, wherein the predetermined state-of-charge threshold is at least 80 percent.
[0118] Example 9: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 6, 7 or 8, wherein the third constant current is larger than the first constant current.
[0119] Example 10: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 6 to 9, wherein the third constant current is smaller than the second constant current.
[0120] Example 11: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 10, wherein the third constant current is 50 percent of the second constant current.
[0121] Example 12: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 6 to 11, wherein the third constant current is 1.5 amps.
[0122] Example 13: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 12, wherein the controller is further configured to reduce a current output from the second charging circuit in a stepwise reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current.
[0123] Example 14: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 13, wherein the controller is further configured to:
[0124] monitor a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery during the stepwise reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current; and
[0125] execute a step reduction of the current output from the second charging circuit each time the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined threshold.
[0126] Example 15: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 14, wherein each step reduction of the current output from the second charging circuit has the same magnitude.
[0127] Example 16: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 15, wherein each step reduction reduces the current output from the second charging circuit by 1.5 amps.
[0128] Example 17: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 6 to 16, wherein the controller is further configured to:
[0129] monitor the voltage of the rechargeable battery while the charging power supply is being delivered at the third constant current;
[0130] cease delivery of the charging power supply from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage threshold during delivery of the charging power supply at the third constant current from the second charging circuit; and
[0131] deliver the charging power supply at a constant voltage from the first charging circuit.
[0132] Example 18: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 4 in combination with Example 17, wherein the constant voltage is equal to the nominal battery voltage.
[0133] Example 19: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 18, wherein the controller is further configured to:
[0134] monitor a magnitude of current flowing from the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery during the delivery of the charging power supply at the constant voltage from the first charging circuit; and
[0135] cease delivery of the charging power supply from the first charging circuit when the monitored magnitude of current is less than a current threshold.
[0136] Example 20: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 17 to 19, wherein the second voltage threshold is 4.2 volts.
[0137] Example 21: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the controller is further configured to:
[0138] compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a pre-charge voltage threshold;
[0139] deliver the charging power supply at a pre-charge constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the pre-charge voltage threshold; and
[0140] deliver the charging power supply at the first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the pre-charge voltage threshold and less than the first voltage threshold.
[0141] Example 22: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 21, wherein the pre-charge constant current is smaller than the first constant current.
[0142] Example 23: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 21 or 22, wherein the pre-charge voltage threshold is 3 volts.
[0143] Example 24: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the first constant current is between 0.5 amps and 1.5 amps.
[0144] Example 25: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the first constant current is 1 amp.
[0145] Example 26: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the second constant current is between 3 amps and 6 amps.
[0146] Example 27: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the second constant current is 3 amps.
[0147] Example 28: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the first voltage threshold is 3.5 volts.
[0148] Example 29: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, further comprising a battery heatsink arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the rechargeable battery to the battery heatsink.
[0149] Example 30: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 29, wherein the rechargeable battery has an elongate shape defining a first end and a second end, and wherein the battery heatsink extends from the first end of the rechargeable battery to the second end of the rechargeable battery.
[0150] Example 31: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 29 or 30, further comprising a housing, wherein the rechargeable battery and the battery heatsink are positioned within the housing, and wherein the battery heatsink is arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the battery heatsink to the housing.
[0151] Example 32: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 29, 30 or 31, wherein the battery heatsink comprises a phase change material.
[0152] Example 33: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, wherein the charging circuitry is provided on a printed circuit board.
[0153] Example 34: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 33 in combination with any of Examples 29 to 32, wherein the battery heatsink is positioned between the rechargeable battery and the printed circuit board.
[0154] Example 35: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 33 in combination with any of Examples 29 to 32, or Example 34, wherein the printed circuit board is arranged for the radiative transfer of heat from the printed circuit board to the battery heatsink.
[0155] Example 36: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 33, 34 or 35, wherein the printed circuit board is spaced apart from the battery heatsink.
[0156] Example 37: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 33 to 36, further comprising a printed circuit board heatsink arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board to the printed circuit board heatsink.
[0157] Example 38: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 37, further comprising a housing, wherein the printed circuit board and the printed circuit board heatsink are positioned within the housing, and wherein the printed circuit board heatsink is arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board heatsink to the housing.
[0158] Example 39: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 37 or 38, wherein the printed circuit board heatsink comprises a phase change material.
[0159] Example 40: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 37 to 39, further comprising a heat spreader arranged on the printed circuit board for the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board to the heat spreader, and wherein the printed circuit board heatsink is arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the heat spreader to the printed circuit board heatsink.
[0160] Example 41: An aerosol-generating device according to Example 40, wherein the heat spreader comprises Kapton tape.
[0161] Example 42: An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding Example, further comprising a chamber for receiving an aerosol-generating article comprising an aerosol-forming substrate, wherein the electric heater is arranged to heat an aerosol-generating article received within the chamber.
[0162] Example 43: An aerosol-generating device according to any of Examples 1 to 41, further comprising a reservoir for containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, wherein the electric heater is arranged to heat liquid aerosol-forming substrate from the reservoir.
[0163] Example 44: An aerosol-generating system comprising:
[0164] an aerosol-generating device according to Example 42; and
[0165] an aerosol-generating article comprising an aerosol-forming substrate.
[0166] Example 45: An aerosol-generating system comprising:
[0167] an aerosol-generating device according to Example 43; and
[0168] a liquid aerosol-forming substrate contained within the reservoir.
[0169] The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0170] Figure 1 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of an example of an aerosol-generating device;
[0171] Figure 2 a schematic side cross-sectional view of the aerosol-generating device of Figure 1 rotated through 90 degrees about the longitudinal axis of the aerosol-generating device;
[0172] Figure 3 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of a further example of an aerosol-generating device;
[0173] Figure 4 shows a schematic arrangement of the charging circuitry of an aerosol-generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0174] Figure 5 shows a graph illustrating an exemplary charging profile implemented with the charging circuitry of Figure 4; and
[0175] Figure 6 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a heatsink arrangement for an aerosol-generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0176] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of an aerosol-generating device 100. Figure 2 shows the same cross-sectional view with the aerosol-generating device 100 rotated through 90 degrees about its longitudinal axis.
[0177] The aerosol-generating device comprises a cartridge 102 and a device body 104. A connection end 105 of the cartridge 102 is removably connected to a corresponding connection end 107 of the device body 104. The connection end 105 of the cartridge 102 and the connection end 107 of the device body 104 each have electrical contacts or connections (not shown) which are arranged to cooperate to provide an electrical connection between the cartridge 102 and the device body 104. The device body 104 contains a power supply in the form of a rechargeable battery 110, which in this example is a rechargeable lithium ion battery, and control circuitry 120. The aerosol-generating device 100 is portable and has a size comparable to a conventional cigar or cigarette. A mouthpiece 125 is arranged at the end of the cartridge 102 opposite the connection end 105.
[0178] The cartridge 102 comprises a cartridge housing 130 containing an electric heater 132 in the form of a resistive heating mesh. The cartridge housing 130 also contains a reservoir having a first storage portion 134 and a second storage portion 135. A liquid aerosol-forming substrate is held in the reservoir. As shown in Figure 2, the first storage portion 134 of the reservoir is connected to the second storage portion 135 of the reservoir by an annular part of the first storage portion 134. Therefore, liquid aerosol-forming substrate in the first storage portion 134 can pass to the second storage portion 135. The electric heater 132 receives liquid from the second storage portion 135 of the reservoir. A liquid transfer element (not shown) comprising a porous ceramic extends into the second storage portion 135 of the reservoir to contact the liquid aerosol-forming substrate therein and transfer the liquid aerosol-forming substrate to the electric heater 132.
[0179] An air flow passage 140, 145 extends through the cartridge 100 from an air inlet 150 formed in a side of the cartridge housing 130, past the electric heater 132, and from the electric heater 132 to a mouthpiece opening 152 formed in the cartridge housing 130 at an end of the cartridge 102 opposite to the connection end 105.
[0180] The components of the cartridge 102 are arranged so that the first storage portion 134 of the reservoir is between the electric heater 132 and the mouthpiece opening 152, and the second storage portion 135 of the reservoir is positioned on an opposite side of the electric heater 132 to the mouthpiece opening 152. In other words, the electric heater 132 lies between the first and second portions 134, 135 of the reservoir and receives liquid from the second storage portion 135. The first storage portion 134 of the reservoir is closer to the mouthpiece opening 152 than the second storage portion 135 of the reservoir. The air flow passage 140, 145 extends past the electric heater 132 and between the first and second storage portions 134, 135 of the reservoir.
[0181] The aerosol-generating system is configured so that a user can puff or draw on the mouthpiece 125 of the cartridge to draw aerosol into their mouth through the mouthpiece opening 152. In operation, when a user puffs on the mouthpiece 125, air is drawn through the airflow passage 140, 145 from the air inlet 150, past the electric heater 132, to the mouthpiece opening 152. The control circuitry 120 controls the supply of electrical power from the rechargeable battery 110 to the electric heater 132 when the system is activated. This in turn controls the amount and properties of the vapour produced by the electric heater 132. The control circuitry 120 may include an airflow sensor (not shown) and the control circuitry 120 may supply electrical power to the electric heater 132 when user puffs are detected by the airflow sensor. This type of control arrangement is well established in aerosol-generating systems such as inhalers and e-cigarettes. When a user puffs on the mouthpiece opening 152 of the cartridge 102, the electric heater 132 is activated and generates a vapour that is entrained in the air flow passing through the air flow passage 140. The vapour cools within the airflow in passage 145 to form an aerosol, which is then drawn into the user’s mouth through the mouthpiece opening 152.
[0182] In operation, the mouthpiece opening 152 is typically the highest point of the system. The construction of the cartridge 102, and in particular the arrangement of the electric heater 132 between the first and second storage portions 134, 135 of the reservoir, is advantageous because it exploits gravity to ensure that the liquid aerosol-forming substrate is delivered to the electric heater 132 even when the reservoir is becoming empty, but prevents an oversupply of liquid to the electric heater 132 which might lead to leakage of liquid into the air flow passage 140.
[0183] Figure 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a further example of an aerosol-generating device 200. The aerosol-generating device 200 comprises a housing 212 partially defining a chamber 216 for receiving a portion of an aerosol-generating article, such as an aerosol-generating article comprising an aerosol-forming substrate in the form of a plug of tobacco. The chamber 216 comprises an open end 218 through which an aerosol-generating article may be inserted into the chamber 216 and a closed end 220 opposite the open end 218.
[0184] The aerosol-generating device also comprises a heat-conducting element 228 in the form of an austenitic steel tube. The heat-conducting element 228 partially defines a cylindrical wall 222 of the chamber 216 that extends between the open end 218 and the closed end 220. The heat-conducting element 228 is arranged so that an aerosol-generating article is received within the heat-conducting element 228 and in direct contact with the heat-conducting element 228 when the aerosol-generating article is inserted into the chamber 216. Advantageously, direct contact between the heat-conducting element 228 and an aerosol-generating article facilitates the transfer of heat from the heat-conducting element 228 to the aerosol-generating article.
[0185] An electric heater 224 in the form of an inductor coil comprising a plurality of windings 226 extends around an outer surface of the heat-conducting element 228. The inductor coil is arranged so that the plurality of windings 226 are in direct contact with the outer surface of the heat-conducting element 228. Advantageously, positioning the inductor coil in direct contact with an outer surface of the heat-conducting element 228 facilitates the transfer of heat generated by resistive heating of the inductor coil to the heat-conducting element 228. The inductor coil and the heat-conducting element 228 are arranged concentrically about a central axis 236 of the aerosol-generating device 200.
[0186] The aerosol-generating device 200 also comprises control circuitry 240 and a power supply comprising a rechargeable battery 242. The control circuitry 240 is configured to provide an alternating electric current from the power supply to the inductor coil to generate an alternating magnetic field. During use, the alternating magnetic field inductively heats one or more susceptor elements of an aerosol-generating article received within the chamber 216 to heat an aerosol-forming substrate of the aerosol-generating article.
[0187] Figure 4 shows a schematic arrangement of the charging circuitry 300 of an aerosol-generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the charging circuitry 300 may form part of the control circuitry 120 of the aerosol-generating device 100 of Figure 1 to facilitate charging of the rechargeable battery 110. Similarly, the charging circuitry 300 may form part of the control circuitry 240 of the aerosol-generating device 200 of Figure 3 to facilitate charging of the rechargeable battery 242.
[0188] The charging circuitry 300 comprises an external power interface 302 in the form of a USB-C socket for receiving a supply of power from an external power supply. The charging circuitry 300 also comprises a first charging circuit 304 in the form of a buck converter and a second charging circuit 306 in the form of a charge pump. The first and second charging circuits 304, 306 are arranged in parallel so that each of the first charging circuit 304 and the second charging circuit 306 is connected to the external power interface 302 to receive a supply of power from an external power supply. An output of each of the first and second charging circuits 304, 306 is connected to a rechargeable battery 310 of the aerosol-generating device to charge the rechargeable battery 310. The charging circuitry 300 also comprises a controller 308 and a battery fuel gauge 312. The battery fuel gauge 312 is configured to measure at least one of a battery voltage of the rechargeable battery 310 and a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery 310. Based on at least one of the measured battery voltage and the measured state-of-charge determined by the battery fuel gauge 312, the controller 308 is configured to selectively switch each of the first and second charging circuits 304, 306 on and off so that a charging power supply delivered by the charging circuitry 300 to the rechargeable battery 310 is provided by either the first charging circuit 304 or the second charging circuit 306.
[0189] Figure 5 shows a graph illustrating an exemplary charging profile implemented with the charging circuitry of Figure 4 for a lithium ion battery having a nominal battery voltage of 4.2 volts. Time is represented by the x-axis, the y1-axis corresponds to battery voltage as illustrated by the solid graph line, and the y2-axis corresponds to current of the charging power supply output from the charging circuitry 300 to the rechargeable battery 310 as illustrated by the dashed-dotted graph line.
[0190] When the battery voltage measured by the battery fuel gauge 312 is below a pre-charge voltage threshold of 3.0 volts, the charging power supply is supplied at a current of 0.1 amps by the first charging circuit 304 for a pre-charge phase 402 of the charging profile.
[0191] When the battery voltage measured by the battery fuel gauge 312 reaches the pre-charge voltage threshold of 3.0 volts, the current of the charging power supply supplied by the first charging circuit 304 is increased by the controller 308 to a first constant current of 1.0 amps. The charging power supply is supplied at the first constant current for a primary phase 404 of the charging profile until the battery voltage measured by the battery fuel gauge 312 reaches a first voltage threshold of 3.5V.
[0192] When the battery voltage measured by the battery fuel gauge 312 reaches the first voltage threshold of 3.5 volts, the controller 308 switches off the first charging circuit 304 and switches on the second charging circuit 306 so that the charging power supply is supplied by the second charging circuit 306 for a secondary phase 406 of the charging profile. During the second phase 406, the charging power supply is initially supplied at a second constant current of 3.0 amps by the second charging circuit 306. During the secondary phase 406, a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery 310 is monitored by the battery fuel gauge 312. The charging power supply is provided at the second constant current of 3.0 amps until the battery state of charge reaches 50 percent. The controller 308 then reduces the current output of the second charging circuit 306 so that the charging power supply is supplied at a constant current of 2.5 amps until the state-of charge reaches 70 percent. When the state-of-charge reaches 70 percent, the controller 308 further reduces the current output of the second charging circuit 306 so that the charging power supply is supplied at a constant current of 2.0 amps. Finally, the controller 308 forces a further reduction to a third constant current of 1.5 amps when the state-of-charge reaches 80 percent.
[0193] The charging power supply continues to be provided by the second charging circuit 306 at the third constant current of 1.5 amps until the battery voltage measured by the battery fuel gauge 312 reaches a second voltage of 4.0 volts.
[0194] When the battery voltage measured by the battery fuel gauge 312 reaches the second voltage threshold of 4.0 volts, the controller 308 switches off the second charging circuit 306 and switches on the first charging circuit 304 so that the charging power supply is supplied by the first charging circuit 304 for a constant voltage phase 408 of the charging profile. During the constant voltage phase 308, the charging power supply is supplied from the first charging circuit 304 to the rechargeable battery 310 at a constant voltage. As a result of the increasing internal resistance of the rechargeable battery 310 and the constant voltage output of the first charging circuit 304 during the constant voltage phase 408, the current output of the first charging circuit 304 decreases in an exponential manner during the constant voltage phase 408. When the battery fuel gauge 312 determines that the state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery 310 has reached 100 percent, the controller 308 terminates the constant voltage phase 408 of the charging profile by switching off the first charging circuit 304.
[0195] Figure 6 illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a heatsink arrangement for an aerosol-generating device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the heatsink arrangement of Figure 6 may be utilised with the aerosol-generating device 100 of Figure 1 and the aerosol-generating device 200 of Figure 6. The heatsink arrangement of Figure 6 may be particularly advantageous when utilised with an aerosol-generating device comprising the charging circuitry 300 of Figure 4 to manage increased generation of heat during high-current portions of a charging profile, such as the secondary phase 406 of the charging profile shown in Figure 5.
[0196] In the arrangement shown in Figure 6, an aerosol-generating device comprises a device housing 502, and a rechargeable battery 504 and a printed circuit board 506 positioned within the device housing 502. The printed circuit board 506 comprises charging circuitry for charging the rechargeable battery, such as the charging circuitry 300 of Figure 4.
[0197] The heatsink arrangement comprises a battery heatsink 508 arranged in direct contact with the rechargeable battery 504 and the device housing 502. The battery heatsink 508 facilitates the conductive transfer of heat from the rechargeable battery 504 to the device housing 502 where the heat may be dissipated into the surrounding environment.
[0198] The battery heatsink 508 is positioned between the rechargeable battery 504 and the printed circuit board 506, which prevents direct heating of the rechargeable battery 504 by the charging circuitry of the printed circuit board 506 during charging of the rechargeable battery 504. A gap 510 between the battery heatsink 508 and the printed circuit board 506 prevents conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board 506 to the battery heatsink 508 while allowing radiative and convective transfer of heat from the printed circuit board 506 to the battery heatsink 508. Allowing only radiative and convective transfer of heat from the printed circuit board 506 to the battery heatsink 508 facilitates the transfer of heat from the printed circuit board 506 to the battery heatsink 508 while preventing excessive heating of the rechargeable battery 504 by heat transferred from the printed circuit board 506 to the battery heatsink 508.
[0199] The heatsink arrangement also comprises a heat spreader 512 in the form of a polyimide film arranged on the printed circuit board 506 on the opposite side to the battery heatsink 508. The heatsink arrangement also comprises a printed circuit board heatsink 514 in direct contact with heat spreader 512 and the device housing 502. The heat spreader 512 electrically insulates the printed circuit board 506 from the printed circuit board heatsink 514 and facilitates the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board 506 to the printed circuit board heatsink 514. The printed circuit board heatsink 514 facilitates the conductive transfer of heat from the printed circuit board 506 to the device housing 502 where the heat may be dissipated into the surrounding environment.
[0200] For the purpose of the present description and of the appended claims, except where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts, quantities, percentages, and so forth, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about" . Also, all ranges include the maximum and minimum points disclosed and include any intermediate ranges therein, which may or may not be specifically enumerated herein. In this context, therefore, a number A is understood as A ± 10%of A. Within this context, a number A may be considered to include numerical values that are within general standard error for the measurement of the property that the number A modifies. The number A, in some instances as used in the appended claims, may deviate by the percentages enumerated above provided that the amount by which A deviates does not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic (s) of the claimed invention. Also, all ranges include the maximum and minimum points disclosed and include any intermediate ranges therein, which may or may not be specifically enumerated herein.
Claims
1.An aerosol-generating device comprising:an electric heater for heating an aerosol-forming substrate;a rechargeable battery configured to deliver a heater power supply from the rechargeable battery to the electric heater; andcharging circuitry configured to receive an input power supply from an external power source and deliver a charging power supply to the rechargeable battery, wherein the charging circuitry comprises a first charging circuit, a second charging circuit, and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to:monitor a voltage of the rechargeable battery when the charging circuitry is receiving an input power supply from an external power source;compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a first voltage threshold;deliver the charging power supply at a first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the first voltage threshold; anddeliver the charging power supply at a second constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the first voltage threshold.2.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 1, wherein the first charging circuit is of a different type than the second charging circuit, preferably wherein the second charging circuit comprises a charge pump, preferably wherein the first charging circuit does not comprise a charge pump, optionally wherein the first charging circuit comprises a buck converter.3.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second constant current is larger than the first constant current.4.An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding claim, wherein the rechargeable battery has a nominal battery voltage when fully charged, optionally wherein the first voltage threshold is between 75 percent and 85 percent of the nominal battery voltage.5.An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding claim, wherein the controller is further configured to:monitor a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery while the charging power supply is being delivered at the second constant current; anddeliver the charging power supply at a third constant current from the second charging circuit when the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined state-of-charge threshold.6.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 5, wherein the third constant current is larger than the first constant current.7.An aerosol-generating device according to 5 or 6, wherein the third constant current is smaller than the second constant current.8.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 7, wherein the controller is further configured to reduce a current output from the second charging circuit in a stepwise reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current.9.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to:monitor a state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery during the stepwise reduction from the second constant current to the third constant current; andexecute a step reduction of the current output from the second charging circuit each time the monitored state-of-charge of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined threshold.10.An aerosol-generating device according to any of claims 5 to 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:monitor the voltage of the rechargeable battery while the charging power supply is being delivered at the third constant current;cease delivery of the charging power supply from the second charging circuit when the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery is greater than a second voltage threshold during delivery of the charging power supply at the third constant current from the second charging circuit; anddeliver the charging power supply at a constant voltage from the first charging circuit.11.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:monitor a magnitude of current flowing from the first charging circuit to the rechargeable battery during the delivery of the charging power supply at the constant voltage from the first charging circuit; andcease delivery of the charging power supply from the first charging circuit when the monitored magnitude of current is less than a current threshold.12.An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding claim, wherein the controller is further configured to:compare the monitored voltage of the rechargeable battery to a pre-charge voltage threshold;deliver the charging power supply at a pre-charge constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is less than the pre-charge voltage threshold; anddeliver the charging power supply at the first constant current from the first charging circuit when the monitored voltage is greater than the pre-charge voltage threshold and less than the first voltage threshold.13.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 12, wherein the pre-charge constant current is smaller than the first constant current.14.An aerosol-generating device according to any preceding claim, further comprising a battery heatsink arranged for the conductive transfer of heat from the rechargeable battery to the battery heatsink.15.An aerosol-generating device according to claim 14, wherein the charging circuitry is provided on a printed circuit board, and wherein the battery heatsink is positioned between the rechargeable battery and the printed circuit board.
Citation Information
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