Method for distributing a spreading-material mixture

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for distributing a spreading-material mixture (M) comprising a plurality of spreading materials (S1, S2) using an agricultural centrifugal spreader (1) which comprises at least two spreading units (2, 3) arranged at different spreading heights (H1, H2) for distributing one spreading material (S1, S2) with each spreading unit, and a wind sensor (6) for detecting wind conditions (W), wherein the wind conditions (W) prevailing during the distribution are detected and, depending on the detected wind conditions (W), setting parameters (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5) of the spreading units (2, 3) are set in order to generate a wind-independent spread pattern (F), and wherein the setting parameters (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5) of the spreading units (2, 3) are set differently depending on the spreading height (H1, H2) in question.

Description

[0001] Method for spreading a spreading material mixture

[0002] Description

[0003] The invention relates to a method for spreading a mixture of several spreading materials using an agricultural centrifugal spreader, which has at least two spreading devices arranged at different spreading heights for spreading at least one spreading material each, and a wind sensor for detecting wind conditions, wherein the prevailing wind conditions during spreading are detected and setting parameters of the spreading devices are adjusted to produce a wind-independent spreading pattern depending on the detected wind conditions. Further aspects of the invention include an adjustment device for an agricultural centrifugal spreader and an agricultural centrifugal spreader itself.

[0004] On agricultural land, such as arable land, meadows, and pastures, various materials are applied depending on soil parameters and quality, the time of year in the vegetation cycle, and the type of plant. For example, granular fertilizers are applied to influence plant growth. Powdered materials like lime can be applied to improve soil quality. Other materials, such as spreadable pesticides or seeds, can also be applied by spreading. A spreading material can also be a mixture of different components.

[0005] Spreading materials are generally carried out using spreaders attached to agricultural tractors or self-propelled spreaders. Centrifugal spreaders have become the standard design in agricultural practice. With these spreaders, the material to be spread is fed from a hopper onto a dispensing device. Utilizing centrifugal forces, the material is then flung from the dispensing device onto the field. This typically creates a wide, fan-shaped spread behind the spreader, in the direction of travel, with a width that usually significantly exceeds the width of the spreader itself. In the following description, the term "spreader" refers to a "centrifugal spreader."Since the spreading material is flung by the application devices to achieve the largest possible working widths, sometimes over considerable distances, the prevailing wind conditions can influence the formation of the spreading pattern. Depending on wind speed and direction, this can lead to an uneven distribution of the spreading material within the spread.

[0006] Against this background, it is known in the prior art, for example from EP 2 556 738 A1 or EP 3 228 173 A1, to equip spreading devices with wind sensors which can be used to detect the prevailing wind conditions.

[0007] Depending on the recorded wind conditions, the setting parameters of the application device on these spreaders can be adjusted in such a way that the influence of the wind conditions is compensated to a greater or lesser extent and a wind-independent spreading pattern can be set.

[0008] Furthermore, to avoid multiple passes over the surface, spreading devices are known from the prior art that can simultaneously apply not just a single spreading material, but mixtures containing several spreading materials. These spreading devices typically have several storage containers in which the different spreading materials are held. From these containers, the different spreading materials are directed to separate dispensing devices and simultaneously distributed into separate spreading zones. The spreading zones of the different materials then overlap to form a single, unified spreading zone.

[0009] Depending on the spreading machine, the application devices can be arranged differently. For example, DE 38 04 412 A1 discloses application devices arranged side by side at the same height. However, to avoid excessive machine width, prior art also describes spreading machines in which the application devices are arranged vertically one above the other. Such a spreading machine is known, for example, from DE 197 42 441 A1 or EP 0 497 166 A1. Accordingly, the application devices in this case have different application heights.

[0010] Even though such spreaders with spreading devices mounted at different spreading heights have proven their worth in agricultural practice for the efficient application of spreading material mixtures, undesirable misdistribution of the spreading material on the cultivated area can occur when spreading materials with such spreaders under unfavorable wind conditions.

[0011] Against this background, the present invention aims to provide a method for spreading a mixture of spreading materials comprising several spreading materials, in which uneven spreading patterns can be reliably avoided even under unfavorable wind conditions.

[0012] To solve the aforementioned problem, a method with the features of claim 1 is proposed. By adjusting the setting parameters of the application devices differently depending on the respective application height, each application device can be conveniently adjusted to the specific spreading material with regard to a uniform or, if required, adapted spreading pattern.

[0013] In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the setting parameters are adjusted to ensure a constant lateral distribution of the spreading material within the spreading area. This ensures an even distribution of the spreading material across the application area. Alternatively, the setting parameters can also be adjusted to allow for a different, demand-oriented application of the spreading material if this proves advantageous in the specific application.

[0014] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the dispensing devices each have at least two rotatably designed spreading elements. The spreading material can be advantageously dispensed by means of such rotatably designed spreading elements, utilizing centrifugal forces. It is particularly preferred if the at least two spreading elements are rotatable in opposite directions. Alternatively, however, they can also be rotatable in the same direction. The at least two spreading elements can be set to identical or different rotational speeds.

[0015] Preferably, the spreading elements can be spreading discs. These can be designed, in particular, as rotationally symmetrical, essentially circular spreading discs. A substantially horizontal arrangement parallel to the surface is preferred, as this allows the spreading material to be easily fed from the respective storage container onto the spreading elements. The spreading elements designed as spreading discs can also have spreading vanes, which allow the application of the spreading material and, in particular, its lateral distribution to be controlled. The spreading vanes can be arranged on the upper side of the spreading discs, for example, by being adjustable in length or pivotable relative to the respective spreading disc, in order to adjust different spreading vane positions.

[0016] In this context, it has proven advantageous if the setting parameters include the rotational speed of the spreading elements and / or the application point and / or the quantity of material applied to the spreading elements and / or the position of the spreading vanes and / or the inclination of the spreading elements. These setting parameters ensure that the spreading elements can be adjusted to the required specifications in a user-friendly manner. The spreading elements can be individually adjustable with different setting parameters or together with the same setting parameters. In an advantageous embodiment, the spreading elements are each set identically. The rotational speed of the spreading elements can be set and / or adjusted individually or together in different increments. The application point onto the spreading elements can be set and / or adjusted individually or together in a concentric and / or radial direction.The quantity of spreading material and / or the spreading material mixture applied can be precisely adjusted, for example, via a feeding device, in particular a metering unit or slide gate. It is advantageous in this context if the quantity of the spreading material mixture applied can be individually adjusted for each spreading element via the feeding device. Alternatively or additionally, it can prove advantageous if the spreading materials are individually fed to the spreading elements via appropriate feeding or metering devices. In this way, the total quantity applied and / or the proportions of the spreading materials can be varied. Furthermore, it can be preferred if the position of the spreading vanes can be adjusted individually or together. In addition, the inclination of the spreading elements, in particular relative to the surface area and / or to the feeding device, can also be adjusted individually or together. The throwing distance can also be influenced by the inclination of the spreading elements.To adjust the setting parameters, the spreading elements can be coupled to a control system, for example, a control system located on the centrifugal spreader or the tractor. In particular, target values ​​for the setting parameters of the spreading elements can be derived from assistance systems located on the centrifugal spreader or the tractor.

[0017] In this context, when using control and / or assistance systems, it has proven advantageous to set the parameters to target values ​​specified or transmitted by these systems. These target values ​​can also include values ​​for parameters resulting from the settings, such as the discharge angle, discharge distance, or working width.

[0018] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous to regulate the setting parameters using at least one application height-specific correction factor. Depending on the application height of the respective application device, the setting parameters can be adjusted and / or regulated in a simple and user-friendly manner via the correction factor.

[0019] In this context, it can be advantageous if the correction factor is set manually or automatically. Preferably, the correction factor is set manually or automatically in an operating unit of the centrifugal spreader. Manual adjustment of the correction factor is easy to implement from a control engineering perspective. Furthermore, this allows the operator greater control by selecting the appropriate correction factor. Preferably, a correction factor is suggested to the operator on a display device of the centrifugal spreader's operating unit. Automatic adjustment of the correction factor is particularly user-friendly and reduces the risk of operator errors, for example, by selecting an unsuitable correction factor. The correction factors can be retrieved from a database by a control unit of the centrifugal spreader.

[0020] In a further preferred embodiment of the method, a spreading device is selected based on the material properties and / or spreading characteristics of the spreading material. In this way, a suitable spreading device can be selected depending on the material or spreading characteristics. In particular, the selection of the spreading device, and thus also the spreading height, can be based on material and / or spreading properties that are influenced by the spreading height. These can be, in particular, material and / or spreading properties that affect the wind susceptibility of the spreading material. The selection of the spreading device can be manual, for example, based on a suggestion from a display device of the centrifugal spreader, or automatic.In particular, after the operator has selected a specific spreading material, the display device of the centrifugal spreader can suggest which application device should be manually selected for that material. If the various hoppers are assigned to the different application devices, the display can also suggest which hopper the respective spreading material should be filled into. Alternatively, the selection can be made automatically by the spreader.

[0021] In this context, it is proposed that a spreading device positioned at a low spreading height be suggested and / or selected for a spreading material susceptible to wind. A comparatively low spreading height generally minimizes the negative effects of wind on the application compared to a higher spreading height. Compared to the lateral distribution within the spreading fan produced by application in calm conditions, a spreading material susceptible to wind exhibits greater deviations in the lateral distribution within the spreading fan when applied in windy conditions. For a spreading material not susceptible to wind, the lateral distribution within the spreading fan exhibits only comparatively small or no deviations from that achieved without wind influence when applied in windy conditions.The susceptibility to wind can depend in particular on the geometric or physical properties of the spreading material particles, especially their surface area and texture, their cross-sectional area, their density, mass, and other characteristics. For example, spreading material that is more susceptible to wind often has a larger cross-sectional area and / or a smaller mass compared to spreading material that is less susceptible to wind. If the centrifugal spreader suggests the appropriate application device, for example, via a display, the operator can decide whether or not to follow this suggestion. This can result in greater flexibility. If the selection is made automatically by the spreader, this can prove to be particularly user-friendly.

[0022] Furthermore, it is proposed in this context that for a spreading material with poor spreading properties, particularly poor flight characteristics, a spreading device positioned at a high spreading height should be proposed and / or selected. This allows poor spreading properties, especially poor flight characteristics of the spreading material, to be compensated for to some extent. The term "spreading property" describes how well a spreading material can be applied by the spreading device, especially by centrifugal force over longer distances. The flight characteristics of the spreading material, such as mass, geometry, or surface properties of the spreading material particles, are particularly important in this regard. Comparatively poor flight characteristics occur, for example, when the spreading material particles have a high mass and / or a large cross-sectional area and / or an unfavorable flow pattern.Furthermore, other properties of the spreading material, and in particular of the spreading material particles, can also be used to evaluate the spreading or flight characteristics. It has proven advantageous if, of the spreading materials to be applied simultaneously, the material with the comparatively poorer spreading or flight characteristics is applied via a spreading device positioned at a relatively high application height. Conversely, for spreading materials with comparatively good flight or spreading characteristics, application devices at a lower application height can be proposed and / or selected.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the width of the spreading fan be adjusted via the setting parameters. In particular, the overall width of the common spreading fan from different application heights can be maximized via the setting parameters. This reduces the number of passes over the respective area. Furthermore, the widths of the individual spreading materials applied via the different application devices can also be adjusted. The width of the spreading fan can also be predetermined by the geometry and / or topography and / or other characteristics of the area and / or a tramline system. Predetermined widths can be reliably maintained via the setting parameters. In this context, it can be advantageous if the width of the spreading fan is automatically adjusted before and / or during application.A compromise setting can be chosen between maximizing the spread width and ensuring the most uniform lateral distribution of the spreading material. In this context, the settings can also be adjusted to prioritize either the widest possible spread or the most uniform application of a prioritized spreading material. Prioritized spreading materials may include those whose application is time-critical, for example, due to prevailing weather conditions or other influencing factors. Furthermore, they may include spreading materials where application errors and / or uneven distribution would have adverse effects, such as on crop growth. In particular, spreading materials where lateral distribution errors are difficult to compensate for may be prioritized.

[0024] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous to detect the spread pattern using a spread pattern sensor. This allows for reliable information about the overall spread pattern formed by the individual spread patterns of the individual spray patterns. The spread pattern can be detected particularly reliably and with minimal interference using non-contact radar sensors. Spread pattern sensors enable the establishment of a control loop to minimize deviations between target parameters of the spread patterns and their actual formation. The target parameters can, for example, relate to a desired spread pattern width.

[0025] In this context, it can be particularly advantageous if each spreading material-specific spreading fan is detected by means of a spreading fan sensor. With such a design, the individual spreading fans of the separate spreading materials can be advantageously detected and monitored separately and on a material-specific basis. For this purpose, a separate spreading fan sensor can be provided for each application device. Alternatively, the spreading material-specific spreading fans can also be monitored by a common spreading fan sensor.

[0026] In conjunction with the spreading fan sensor, it has proven advantageous to detect the lateral distribution of the respective spreading materials within the spreading fan. This allows for monitoring the actual lateral distributions of the spreading materials within the material-specific spreading fans and the resulting overall spreading fan. A simple comparison with target values ​​for the lateral distribution can then be performed. The results of sensor-based lateral distribution detection can be incorporated into control loops to minimize deviations between target values ​​for the lateral distribution within the spreading fans and the actual lateral distribution. An advantageous embodiment of the method provides for adjustable application heights. This allows the application heights to be adapted, for example, to the properties of the respective spreading material, the requirements of the crops, or environmental conditions.In particular, the application heights can be adjusted to the spreading or flight characteristics of the spreading material. Furthermore, the application height can be set to achieve a desired spreading width. Additionally, the application height can be adjusted to minimize the effects of wind. The application heights can preferably be set automatically, for example, in response to a control signal from the spreader. However, manual adjustment of the application heights may also be preferred. The application heights can be adjustable in steps or continuously. Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the application heights are adjusted using a suitable actuator, such as a hydraulic actuator. Preferably, the application height of at least one application device can be set and / or adjusted.Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the application heights of several or all application devices can be set and / or adjusted. In this context, application height refers in particular to the mounting height of the respective application device, especially the spreading disc, within the spreader and / or relative to the ground. Alternatively or additionally, application height may also refer to the drop height of the respective spreading material from the spreading disc relative to the ground.

[0027] Furthermore, it is advantageous if the wind sensor can detect wind direction and / or wind speed. These two measurements allow for the characterization of wind conditions. Additional measurements that may influence the application of the spreading material can also be recorded with the wind sensor. Wind direction and / or wind speed can be measured at discrete intervals, for example, once at the start of application or continuously during application. It can be advantageous to integrate the wind sensor into the control system of the spreader. Instead of a sensor mounted on the spreader, wind sensors located elsewhere, such as on the tractor or at the field edge, can also be used. Alternatively or additionally, wind data can be retrieved from weather databases or via the internet.To solve the aforementioned problem, an adjustment device for an agricultural centrifugal spreader for adjusting its spreading devices is further proposed, in which the adjustment device is designed for adjustment according to a method according to the aforementioned features. The advantages and properties explained in connection with the method result.

[0028] Furthermore, to solve the aforementioned problem, an agricultural centrifugal spreader for applying a mixture of spreading materials containing several materials is proposed. This spreader has at least two spreading devices arranged at different heights for applying one spreading material each, and a wind sensor for detecting wind conditions. An adjustment device is provided for this purpose, in accordance with the features described above. The advantages and properties described in connection with the method and the adjustment device result from this.

[0029] In connection with the centrifugal spreader, it has proven advantageous if the spreading devices are offset in one direction of travel or arranged one above the other in a single plane. Preferably, the spreading devices are arranged in a space-saving manner. Furthermore, the spreading devices can be arranged such that the respective spreading materials can be fed in a simple and trouble-free manner. An arrangement offset in the direction of travel can prove advantageous with regard to independent height adjustment of the spreading devices. This allows for a greater range of motion.

[0030] Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the application devices are offset transversely to the direction of travel or arranged one above the other in a single plane. This allows the application devices to be arranged on the centrifugal spreader in a particularly space-saving manner. Not only is a rigid arrangement transversely to the direction of travel conceivable, but the application devices can also be arranged so that they are movable transversely to the direction of travel.

[0031] Further details and advantages of the inventive method, the inventive setting device and the inventive centrifugal spreading device are explained below with the aid of the accompanying drawings according to Figs. 1a to 3.

[0032] It shows, in a partially schematic view:

[0033] Fig. 1a and b: Schematic top views of a centrifugal spreading device attached to a tractor;

[0034] Figs. 2a to c: Side views of a centrifugal spreading device according to Fig. 1b with spreading devices mounted at different spreading heights;

[0035] Fig. 3: a rear view of a centrifugal spreader according to Fig. 1b and

[0036] Fig. 4 shows a schematic, exemplary flow chart of the method according to the invention.

[0037] Figures 1a to 3 show an agricultural centrifugal spreader 1 for spreading a spreading material mixture M on an agricultural area N, for example, a field or a piece of pasture. The centrifugal spreader 1 is attached to a tractor 8, which, according to Figures 1a and 1b, is an agricultural tractor. The tractor 8 pulls the centrifugal spreader 1 in the direction of travel R across the agricultural area N, with the centrifugal spreader 1 being supported against the agricultural area N by its own axle with wheels 13 attached to it (see Figures 2a and 3). Alternatively, the centrifugal spreader 1 can also be mounted on the tractor 8, for example, via the three-point linkage or be self-propelled.

[0038] The centrifugal spreader 1 can simultaneously apply different spreading materials S1 and S2 to the usable area N in a single pass. For this purpose, the spreader 1 has two spreading devices 2 and 3, which are arranged at its rear. Each of the spreading devices 2 and 3 serves to apply a separate spreading material S1 and S2. The spreading materials S1 and S2 can be, in particular, nitrogen- or urea-containing fertilizers, agricultural lime, or other powdered or granular spreading materials. The spreading materials S1 and S2 are stored in separate storage containers, in particular container chambers, which are not shown in the figures, on the centrifugal spreader 1. For application, the spreading materials S1 and S2 are conveyed from the respective storage containers to the spreading devices 2 and 3, for which a conveying or feeding device and / or a suitable metering device may be provided, also not shown in the figures.

[0039] Alternatively or additionally, at least temporarily during operation, spreading material S1, S2 can be applied via only one of the several application devices 2, 3. Furthermore, only one spreading material S1, S2, and in particular only one type of spreading material, can be applied simultaneously via the several, in particular two, application devices 2, 3, so that the maximum possible application rate is further increased compared to conventional spreading devices, and particularly high flexibility is achieved. For example, it would also be conceivable, alternatively or additionally, that the at least one spreading material S1, S2 or the several spreading materials S1, S2 are applied simultaneously in different, in particular adjacent, tramlines of the spreading device 1 by means of the at least two application devices 2, 3.

[0040] The spreading devices 2, 3 distribute the respective spreading material S1, S2 behind the centrifugal spreader 1 onto the working area N, utilizing centrifugal forces against the direction of travel R, as shown in Figs. 1a and b. For this purpose, the spreading devices 2, 3 each have two rotatably designed spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, as shown in Fig. 1a. The spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 are essentially horizontally oriented spreading discs, which are rotatably mounted. The spreading material S1, S2, which is generally applied to the rotating spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 in a radially central area, is accelerated on the spreading discs and spun around their outer circumference, spreading and / or being thrown off. For guiding the spreading materials S1 , S2, wing-like spreading vanes or other additional elements can be provided on the surfaces of the spreading devices 4.1 , 4.2 , 5.1 , 5.2.

[0041] The spreading pattern produced by the centrifugal spreader 1 has a fan shape that extends beyond the width of the spreader 1 and is also referred to as the spreading fan F. After application, the spreading material S1 is contained in a spreading fan F1 and the spreading material S2 in a separate spreading fan F2, see Fig. 1a. The spreading fans F1 and F2 overlap at least partially and form a common spreading fan F. A spreading material mixture M, consisting of the spreading materials S1 and S2, is found in the spreading fan F.

[0042] Within the spreading zones F, F1, F2, the respective spreading materials S1, S2 are present in a specific lateral distribution Q1, Q2. For most applications, a lateral distribution Q1, Q2 that is as uniform as possible is desirable in order to distribute the spreading materials S1, S2 evenly across the soil of the cultivated area N and / or the crops grown on the cultivated area N. However, for certain applications, it may also be desirable to create a lateral distribution Q1, Q2 that is adapted to the specific requirements.

[0043] It must be taken into account that the application of spreading materials S1, S2 on agricultural land N is subject to natural environmental influences. In particular, wind or other air currents can affect the application behavior. The prevailing wind conditions W can lead to a shift and / or distortion of the spreading patterns F, F1, F2 and / or influence the lateral distribution Q1, Q2 of the spreading materials S1, S2 within the spreading patterns F, F1, F2, cf. e.g. Fig. 1a and b.

[0044] To detect the prevailing wind conditions W, the centrifugal spreader 1 has a wind sensor 6, which, as shown in Figures 2a to c, is positioned on the top of the spreader 1. The wind sensor 6 allows the detection of the prevailing wind conditions W during application, in particular the wind force or wind speed WG and the wind direction WR. Alternatively, the wind sensor 6 can also be located at a different position on the spreader 1, on the tractor 8, or even fixed on or near the application area N. Furthermore, it is also conceivable, alternatively or additionally, that several wind sensors 6 are arranged on the spreader 1, whereby the wind sensors 6 can, in particular, be assigned to different application devices 2, 3.For example, alternatively or additionally, at least one of several wind sensors 6 can be assigned to one of the several spreading devices 2, 3, and at least one other wind sensor 6 can be assigned to another spreading device 2, 3. Furthermore, other characteristics of the wind conditions W can also be detected via the wind sensor 6. The wind conditions W detected by the wind sensor 6 are used in the centrifugal spreader 1 to generate wind-independent spreading patterns F1, F2, see Fig. 1a. For this purpose, various setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 of the spreading devices 2, 3 are adjusted depending on the detected wind conditions W. In particular, a crosswind acting perpendicular to the direction of travel R can be compensated for in such a way that the respective spreading pattern F1, F2 has no offset perpendicular to the direction of travel R.

[0045] The setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 of the centrifugal spreader 1 are adjusted via a suitable adjustment device. These setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 of the spreading devices 2 and 3 are adjustment values ​​for the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, and 5.2. In particular, the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 allow for the adjustment of the discharge distance and / or discharge angle of the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, and 5.2. The setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 can be adjusted for all spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, and 5.2 together or individually. The setting or adjustment of the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 can be carried out before or during the application of the spreading materials S1, S2.

[0046] The setting parameter E1 affects the rotational speed of the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. A higher rotational speed E1 generally results in a greater throwing distance. The setting parameter E2 affects the application point to the respective spreading element 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. The setting parameter E3 affects the application quantity of the respective spreading material S1, S2 to the spreading element 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, which can be adjusted, for example, via a metering device. The setting parameter E4 allows the length and / or orientation of the spreading vanes relative to the respective spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 to be adjusted. Furthermore, the spreading element inclination E5 of the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 can also be changed.

[0047] As explained above, the centrifugal spreader 1 has several spreading devices 2, 3 for spreading different or alternatively the same spreading materials S1, S2. Since the spreading devices 2, 3 require a certain amount of installation space, particularly transversely to the direction of travel R, they are not arranged horizontally side by side on the spreader 1, but vertically one above the other, see Fig. 2a-c. This results in different spreading heights H1, H2 for the spreading devices 2, 3. One of the spreading devices 2 is arranged at a comparatively low spreading height H1. The other spreading device 3, on the other hand, is arranged at a higher spreading height H2, see, for example, Fig. 2a.

[0048] The application heights H1 and H2 can be adjusted, see the illustrations in Figs. 2a to c. The illustration in Fig. 2a shows the spreader 1, in which, of the two vertically arranged application devices 2 and 3, application device 2 is arranged at a comparatively low application height H1 and application device 3 at a correspondingly higher application height H2. The dashed arrows illustrate the application directions A1 and A2 of the application devices 2 and 3, where the application directions A1 and A2 correspond to the flight directions of the spreading material S1 and S2 dispensed by the respective application device 2 and 3. There is a certain distance X between the application directions A1 and A2, see Fig. 2a.

[0049] In comparison to the representation in Fig. 2a, the application devices 2, 3 are arranged at different application heights H1, H2 as shown in Fig. 2b. Application device 2 is arranged at a further reduced application height H1, and application device 3 at a larger, higher application height H2. In the representation in Fig. 2b, arrows above the application devices 2, 3 visualize the adjustment directions in which the application devices 2, 3 have been adjusted compared to the representation in Fig. 2a. In the embodiment according to Figs. 2a and b, the adjustment directions were in opposite directions, resulting in a greater distance X between the application directions A1, A2 of the two application devices 2, 3. However, it is also possible to move the application devices 2, 3 towards each other by means of a corresponding adjustment, so that the distance X between the application directions A2, A3 becomes smaller.Alternatively, the application devices A2, A3 can also be moved in the same adjustment direction, whereby with an equal amount of adjustment the distance X between the application directions A2, A3 remains the same.

[0050] The minimum and / or maximum application height H1, H2 can be limited by suitable stops. These stops can be electronic or mechanical. In particular, suitable stops must be used to ensure that the application devices 2, 3 do not collide with each other or with other components of the spreader 1 when adjusting their height.

[0051] The application heights H1 and H2 can be adjusted in steps or continuously. Preferably, the application heights H1 and H2 are adjusted automatically via an actuator. A suitable actuator, such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric actuator, can be provided for this purpose. The application heights H1 and H2 can be adjusted, for example, by manual input at an operating device 13 on the spreader 1 or the tractor 8, or automatically by the control unit 9.

[0052] The following section, comparing the illustrations in Figures 2a and 2c, explains the effects of adjusting the spreading element inclination E5 on the application directions A1 and A2 of the application devices 2 and 3. Based on the illustration in Figure 2a, application device 2 is arranged at an unchanged application height H1, as shown in Figure 2c. Application device 3, on the other hand, is arranged at a slightly lower application height H2. In addition to the adjusted application height H2, the spreading element 5.1 of the second application device 3 also has an adjusted spreading element inclination E5. The disc-shaped spreading element 5.1 is no longer horizontally oriented, but is inclined counterclockwise, as shown in Figure 2c. This results in a changed application direction A2, which is characterized by a steeper discharge angle relative to the application area N. One or all of the scattering organs 4.1 , 4.2 , 5.1 , 5. may be affected.The spreading organ inclination E5 can be set identically or differently for all spreading organs 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. The spreading organs 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 can be inclined not only counterclockwise but also clockwise, resulting in a shallower release angle.

[0053] The setting or adjustment of the spreading element inclination E5 can be carried out manually or automatically. An automatic setting or adjustment using an actuating element is preferred. The setting parameter E5, i.e., the spreading element inclination, can be set or adjusted, in particular, via the control unit 9. With reference to the illustration in Fig. 1a, the following explains how the different application heights H1, H2 can affect the application of the spreading materials S1, S2. Fig. 1a illustrates the prior art, i.e., compensation of the wind influence W without taking the application height H into account.

[0054] As already explained with reference to Fig. 2a, the application device 2 with the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2 is arranged at a low application height H1, and the other application device 3, which comprises the spreading elements 5.1, 5.2, is arranged at a comparatively higher application height H2. As can be seen from the illustration in Fig. 1a, the spreading pattern F1 produced by the first application device 2 is not identical to the spreading pattern F2 produced by the second application device 3. The reason for this is that, in the prior art, the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 are adjusted identically for both application devices 2 and 3 to compensate for the prevailing wind conditions W. One and the same set of parameters, in particular the correction factor K, is used for both application device 2 and application device 3.

[0055] For the spreading device 2, which is arranged at a comparatively low spreading height H1, the correct values ​​for the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 are set in the present example according to Fig. 1a. The spreading material S1, which is relatively susceptible to wind, is spread evenly over the usable area N via the spreading device 2. This results in a spreading pattern F1, which has an ideal orientation. Accordingly, the spreading pattern F1 exhibits no significant wind-induced distortion or displacement, in particular perpendicular to the direction of travel R.

[0056] The same values ​​for the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 are also used for the spreading device 3, which is arranged at a higher spreading height H and through which a comparatively less wind-sensitive spreading material S2 is applied, as shown in Fig. 1a. However, due to the different spreading height H2, the same setting does not result in an application that accurately compensates for the influence of the wind conditions W. Instead, overcompensation occurs; the spreading pattern F2 is shifted from its ideal position against the wind direction WR. This results in an unfavorable, undesirable spreading pattern F2. Consequently, the two spreading patterns F1 and F2 are not congruent. By taking the different spreading heights H1 and H2 into account according to the invention, essentially identical spreading patterns F1 and F2 can be generated, as shown in Fig. 1b.The application devices 2 and 3 are adjusted not only according to the prevailing wind conditions W, but also according to the application height H1 and H2. In this way, an individual set of suitable values ​​for the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 can be set for each of the application devices 2 and 3, resulting in the most ideal possible compensation for the wind conditions W.

[0057] The following explains, using the schematic flow chart shown in Fig. 4, how the setting parameters E1 , E2, E3, E4, E5 of the application devices 2, 3 are set differently depending on the respective application height H1 , H2.

[0058] The setting of the spreading devices 2, 3, in particular the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, is carried out via a control unit 9, which transmits the respective setting parameters E1, E2, E4 and E5 of the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 to the spreading devices 2, 3. The setting or adjustment of the spreading devices 2, 3, in particular the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, can be carried out via the control unit 9 before or during the spreading of the spreading materials S1, S2. Particularly under constant wind conditions W, it may be sufficient to set the spreading devices 2, 3 or their spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 only once before the spreading of the spreading materials S1, S2. Particularly in the case of changing wind conditions W, for example concerning the wind direction WR or the wind speed WG, an intervally or continuously adjustment or setting of the application devices 2, 3 or their spreading elements 4.1 , 4.2, 5.1 , 5.2. be advantageous during application.

[0059] The individual spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 of the application devices 2, 3 can be adjusted using identical setting parameters E1, E2, E4 and E5 in pairs. Alternatively, the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 can be adjusted differently using individually different setting parameters E1, E2, E4, E5.

[0060] The setting parameter E1 relates to a rotational speed of the spreading elements 4.1 , 4.2, 5.1 , 5.2.

[0061] Setting parameter E2 relates to the application point on the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. Setting parameter E4 relates to the position of the spreading vanes arranged on the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. The spreading vane position E4 acts on the wing-like spreading vanes, which are generally arranged on the surface of the disc-shaped spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. The length and orientation of these vanes relative to the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 can be adjusted via the spreading vane position E4. Finally, setting parameter E5 relates to the inclination of the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 relative to the spreading device 1.

[0062] The setting parameter E3, which concerns the quantity of spreading material S1, S2 applied to the spreading devices 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, does not directly affect the spreading devices.

[0063] 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, but onto a metering unit 10.1, 10.2. The metering units 10.1, 10.2 are assigned to the dispensing devices 2, 3 and allow the quantity of spreading materials S1, S2 to be metered onto the spreading devices 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2.

[0064] The setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4 and E5 allow the adjustment of the throw distance and / or throw angle of the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2. This allows adjustment of the position, in particular the angular position relative to the spreading device 1, and the width of the respective spreading fan F1, F2, which is produced by the spreading elements 4.1, 4.2,

[0065] 5.1, 5.2 are generated. Larger widths B of the spreading fan F1, F2, or the common spreading fan F are often preferred, as this reduces the number of passes over the usable area N or allows for a larger tramline spacing. For usable areas N with a fixed tramline spacing, the width B of the spreading fan F can be adjusted accordingly using the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5.

[0066] The control unit 9 for transmitting the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 to the application devices 2, 3 can be integrated into an existing control unit of the centrifugal spreader 1 or be designed as an independent control unit 9. Furthermore, the control unit 9 can also be integrated into an on-board control unit of the tractor 8. The control unit 9 can also be a regulation unit.

[0067] This regulation can, in particular, perform a comparison between set target values ​​of the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 and actual values ​​and intervene in the event of deviations.

[0068] Different input variables can be transmitted to the controller 9, see Fig. 4. Based on the input variables, corresponding control signals are sent from the controller 9 to the dispensing devices 2, 3, in particular the spreading elements.

[0069] 4.1 , 4.2, 5.1 , 5.2 and / or the dispensers 10.1 , 10.2, sent.

[0070] The input parameters include, firstly, manual input by the operator at an operating device 11. Various types of information can be transmitted to the control unit 9 via the operating device 13, which can be, for example, an operating terminal on the spreader 1 and / or on the tractor 8. This information can include, for example, properties of the spreading materials S1, S2, such as spreading and / or material properties. Furthermore, target values ​​for the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 can also be manually entered via the operating device 11. A target lateral distribution of the spreading materials S1, S2 and / or a target value for the width B of the spreading fan F, F1, F2 can also be sent to the control unit 9.

[0071] Additional input variables can include data from wind sensor 6 transmitted to the controller 9. This can include, in particular, data on the current wind direction WR and / or wind speed WG. The data can be transmitted continuously or averaged over certain periods. Alternatively or additionally to the wind conditions W recorded by wind sensor 6, external wind data, such as internet-based wind data or data from local weather stations, which may be installed at the edge of the usable area N, can also be transmitted to the controller 9. Besides wind data, data on other weather characteristics that could influence the application of the spreading materials S1 and S2 can also be transmitted to the controller 9 as input variables. These could include, for example, temperature, precipitation, humidity, or cloud cover data.

[0072] Furthermore, data from the spreading fan sensor 7 can be transmitted to the controller 9 as input variables. This can include, in particular, information regarding the extent and / or shape of the common spreading fan F and / or the individual spreading fans F1, F2. Information regarding the current lateral distribution Q1, Q2 of the respective spreading materials S1, S2 in the spreading fans F, F1, F2 can also be sent to the controller 9. The current lateral distribution Q1, Q2 can be taken into account when setting or adjusting the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5. The spreading fan sensor 7 can, in particular, be a non-contact sensor, such as a radar sensor. This can be arranged on the spreading device 1.

[0073] Alternatively or additionally, suitable input variables can also be derived from a database 12. The database-based information can include information concerning the usable area N, such as geographical information, terrain profiles, groundwater data, soil data, and / or information regarding the current or historical vegetation. Furthermore, other environmental conditions, such as weather or atmospheric conditions, can also be stored in the database. Additionally, characteristic values ​​and / or properties of the spreading materials S1 and S2 can be stored. Moreover, it can prove advantageous if legal requirements, for example, regarding permissible application rates of the respective spreading materials S1 and S2, can be transmitted to the control unit 9.

[0074] Further input variables can include various characteristic curves L. These curves can, for example, depict relationships between setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 and the throw distance and / or throw angle. Furthermore, the material and / or spreading properties of the spreading materials S1, S2 can also be stored in characteristic curves L.

[0075] Based on the aforementioned input parameters, it can first be selected or suggested which of the spreading materials S1, S2 should be applied via which application device 2, 3. The operator can then be shown, for example via the display of the control unit 11, which spreading material S1, S2 should be filled into which storage container. With automatic filling of the storage containers, the preferred storage container for each spreading material S1, S2 is automatically selected.

[0076] The selection of the spreading device 2, 3 and the associated storage container can be based on various input parameters. For example, the spreading and / or flight characteristics of the spreading material S1, S2 can be taken into account. A spreading material S1, S2 with comparatively unfavorable flight characteristics, such as high density and / or an unfavorable airflow cross-section, should generally be spread via a spreading device 2, 3 arranged at a greater spreading height H1, H2. In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2a to c, the spreading device 3 would be proposed for such a spreading material S1, S2. The comparatively poor spreading or flight characteristics of the spreading material S1, S2 can be compensated to some extent by the greater spreading height H2.

[0077] On the other hand, for a spreading material S1, S2, which can be applied relatively easily because its flight and / or spreading properties are favorable, it can be applied via a spreading device 2, 3 arranged at a low application height H1, H2. According to the illustrations in Figs. 2a to c, the spreading device 2 would be proposed or selected for such a spreading material S1, S2.

[0078] In addition to selecting the spreading device 2, 3, a value for the respective spreading height H1, H2 can also be specified or selected. The properties of the spreading materials S1, S2, as well as the wind conditions W and / or a specified or desired width B of the spreading fan F1, F2 and / or a desired lateral distribution of the spreading materials S1, S2, play a particularly important role here. The greater the desired or specified maximum flight duration of the spreading material S1, S2, the greater the spreading height H1, H2 should be. Besides a greater spreading height H1, H2, a steeper release angle, achievable via a suitable spreading device inclination E5, can also lead to a longer maximum flight duration.

[0079] After selecting the application devices 2, 3 for the spreading materials S1, S2 and determining their application heights H1, H2, a set of suitable setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 is determined based on the aforementioned input variables. This can be done automatically or manually.

[0080] Another influencing factor is the application height H1, H2, at which the application devices 2, 3 are arranged. The respective preset application height H1, H2 can be entered manually or automatically transmitted to the controller 9 (see Fig. 4). The application height H1, H2 can be taken into account, for example, by means of an application height-specific correction factor K. Here, a suitable parameter set comprising the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 is determined for one of the application devices 2, 3, for example, application device 2. No separate parameter set is determined for the other application device 3; instead, the parameter set of the other application device 2 is adopted, corrected by a correction factor K. The correction factor K can be applied manually or automatically.Furthermore, a common correction factor K can be used for all setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, or individual correction factors K can be used for each setting parameter E1, E2, E3, E4, E5. The correction factor K can be a calculated value or a table value stored in a database that can be transferred automatically or manually to the controller 9. Alternatively, an individual parameter set for setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 can be determined for each individual dispensing device.

[0081] The adjustment of the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 can be performed at various times. Under constant wind conditions W, a one-time adjustment before spreading the spreading materials S1 and S2 is recommended. However, particularly under changing wind conditions W, the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 can also be readjusted during operation, for example, after defined time intervals or depending on threshold values ​​and / or changes in wind speed WG and / or wind direction WR. The characteristic curves L can be used for this purpose.

[0082] Furthermore, the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 can be readjusted based on the recorded cross-distributions Q1, Q2. In particular, if there are deviations from the desired and / or specified cross-distributions in the scattering ranges F1, F2, the setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 can be adjusted appropriately.

[0083] Furthermore, it may become necessary to adjust the width B of the spreading fan F during the application of the spreading materials S1 and S2. This can occur, for example, in the peripheral areas of the usable area N. The setting parameters E1, E2, E3, E4, and E5 can also be adjusted accordingly, following the procedure described above.

[0084] The following explanation, based on the illustrations in Figs. 2a to 3, refers to which

[0085] The application devices 2 and 3 can be arranged on the spreader 1 in various ways. Figures 2a to c show that the application devices 2 and 3 are arranged offset in the direction of travel R. Application device 3 projects further beyond the rear of the spreader 1 than application device 2, in the opposite direction of travel R. Alternatively, both application devices 2 and 3 can be arranged one above the other in the same plane, so that both project the same distance beyond the rear of the spreader 1. Furthermore, application device 2 can also project further beyond the rear of the spreader 1 than application device 3.

[0086] Transverse to the direction of travel R, the application devices 2, 3 are arranged one above the other in a single plane, as shown in Fig. 3. However, it can also be advantageous to arrange the application devices 2, 3 offset from each other. They can also be arranged side by side transversely to the direction of travel R if space permits.

[0087] Furthermore, spreading devices 1 can prove advantageous in which not only two, but three or more dispensing devices 2, 3 are arranged for dispensing three or more spreading materials S1, S2 at different dispensing heights H1, H2. Several of the dispensing devices 2, 3 can also be arranged at the same dispensing height H1, H2. The features and advantages described above result.

[0088] The above-described method, the adjusting device and the agricultural centrifugal spreader are characterized by the fact that each spreading device can be adjusted in a favorable manner to precisely fit the respective spreading material with regard to a uniform or demand-oriented spreading pattern.

[0089] Reference symbol:

[0090] 1 centrifugal spreader

[0091] 2 Dispensing device

[0092] 3 Dispensing device

[0093] 4.1 Scattering organ

[0094] 4.2 Scattering organ

[0095] 5.1 Scattering organ

[0096] 5.2 Scattering organ

[0097] 6 Wind sensor

[0098] 7 Spreader sensor

[0099] 8 tractor

[0100] 9 Control

[0101] 10.1 Dispenser

[0102] 10.2 Dispenser

[0103] 11 Control unit

[0104] 12 Database

[0105] 13 Balance bike

[0106] A1 Exit direction

[0107] A2 direction of travel

[0108] B Width

[0109] E1 setting parameters; speed

[0110] E2 setting parameters; task point

[0111] E3 setting parameters; quantity

[0112] E4 setting parameters; spreader vane position

[0113] E5 Setting parameters; Scattering organ tendency

[0114] F scatter fan

[0115] F1 scatter fan

[0116] F2 Spreader

[0117] H1 Discharge height

[0118] H2 discharge height

[0119] K correction factor

[0120] L characteristic curve

[0121] M Grit mixture

[0122] Q1 Cross distribution Q2 Cross distribution

[0123] R direction of travel

[0124] 51 Grit

[0125] 52 Grit W Wind conditions

[0126] WG Wind speed

[0127] WR Wind direction

[0128] X distance

Claims

Patent claims 1. Method for spreading a spreading material mixture (M) comprising several spreading materials (S1 , S2) using an agricultural centrifugal spreader (1), which has at least two spreading devices (2, 3) arranged at different spreading heights (H1 , H2) for spreading one spreading material (S1 , S2) each, and a wind sensor (6) for detecting wind conditions (W), wherein the prevailing wind conditions (W) during spreading are detected and setting parameters (E1 , E2, E3, E4, E5) of the spreading devices (2, 3) are set to generate a wind-independent spreading pattern (F) depending on the detected wind conditions (W), characterized in that the setting parameters (E1 , E2, E3, E4, E5) of the spreading devices (2, 3) are set differently depending on the respective spreading height (H1 , H2).

2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the dispensing devices (2, 3) each have at least two rotatably designed spreading elements (4.1 , 4.2, 5.1 , 5.2).

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the setting parameters (E1 , E2, E3, E4, E5) comprise a rotational speed (E1) of the spreading elements (4.1 , 4.2, 5.1 , 5.2) and / or a feed point (E2) and / or the quantity (E3) of the spreading material (S1 , S2) applied to the spreading elements (4.1 , 4.2, 5.1 , 5.2) and / or a spreading vane position (E4) and / or a spreading element inclination (E5).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setting parameters (E1 , E2, E3, E4, E5) are controlled on the basis of at least one application height-specific correction factor (K).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the setting parameters (E1 , E2, E3, E4, E5) are set on the basis of material properties and / or spreading properties of the spreading materials (S1 , S2).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a dispensing device (2, 3) is selected on the basis of material properties and / or spreading properties of the spreading materials (S1 , S2).

7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that a spreading device (2, 3) arranged at a low spreading height (H1, H2) is proposed and / or selected for a wind-sensitive spreading material (S1, S2).

8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that for a spreading material (S1, S2) with poor spreading properties, in particular poor flight properties, a spreading device (2, 3) arranged at a high spreading height (H1, H2) is proposed and / or selected.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a width (B) of the scattering fan (F) is adjusted via the setting parameters (E1, E2, E3, E4, E5).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application heights (H1, H2) are adjusted.

11. Adjustment device for an agricultural centrifugal spreader (1) for adjusting its spreading devices (2, 3), characterized in that the adjustment device is designed for adjustment according to a method according to one of the preceding claims.

12. Agricultural centrifugal spreader for spreading a spreading material mixture (M) comprising several spreading materials (S1, S2), which has at least two spreading devices (2, 3) arranged at different spreading heights (H1, H2) for spreading one spreading material (S1, S2) each, and a wind sensor (6) for detecting the wind conditions (W), characterized in that an adjustment device according to claim 11 is provided.

Images