Method and apparatus for transmitting sensing data in isac

Abstract

A first device may acquire sensing data of a first type, the first device may acquire sensing data of a second type, and / or the first device may transmit, to a second device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the sensing data of the first type and resource request information for the sensing data of the second type.

Description

Method and device for transmitting sensing data in ISAC

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided. For example, the method may include at least one of: a step of a first device obtaining a first type of sensing data; a step of the first device obtaining a second type of sensing data; and / or a step of the first device transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to a second device.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform an operation based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: acquiring a first type of sensing data; acquiring a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to a second device.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a first type of sensing data; obtaining a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to the second device.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, upon being executed, may cause a first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include at least one of: acquiring a first type of sensing data; acquiring a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to the second device.

[0009] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, distance (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for requesting resources for transmitting sensing data, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 11 shows an example in which packets that exceed the packet delay budget (PDB) are dropped due to a delay in packet transmission.

[0020] FIG. 12 and / or FIG. 13 illustrate a method of allocating resources related to SPS / CG using the largest packet size of sensing data, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a long BSR (buffer status report) MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) among BSR (buffer status report) MAC (medium access control) CEs according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a delay status report (DSR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an enhanced delay status report (DSR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) capable of distinguishing up to 128 LCGs, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an enhanced sensing delay status report (DSR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) that includes multiple SG (sensor group) information within one LCG, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an enhanced sensing delay status report (DSR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including multiple sensing channel group (SCG) information, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an enhanced sensing delay status report (DSR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) that includes multiple sensor group (SG) information within one sensing channel group (SCG), according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 20 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 21 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig. 22 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 26 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0035] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0036] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0037] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0038] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0039] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0040] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0041] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0042] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0043] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0044] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0045] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0046] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0047] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0048] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0049] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0050] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0051] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0052] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0053] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0054] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0055] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0056] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0057] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0058] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0059] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0060] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0061] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0062] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0063] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0064] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) is an example.

[0065] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0066] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0067] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0068] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0070] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0071] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0072] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0074] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0075] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0076] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0077] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a key role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0078] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0079] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0080] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0081] - Optical wireless technology

[0082] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0083] - Quantum communication

[0084] - Cell-free communication

[0085] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0086] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0087] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0088] - Big data analysis

[0089] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0090] - metaverse

[0091] - Blockchain

[0092] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0093] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0094] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0095] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0096] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0097] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0099] For example, a terminal can obtain information about the environment and / or the characteristics of objects within the environment by using radio frequency sensing to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object. Since radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and traffic management, and more. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of wireless sensing services, e.g., sensing operations, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing offers an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communications network to a wireless communication and sensing network.

[0100] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. Specifically, (a) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0101] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter can transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal can be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal. For example, a sensing receiver can receive a signal scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from the sensing transmitter. For example, in the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated / obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, for example, the sensing result can include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or environments) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0102] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing receiver. For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for a sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as a sensing transmitter. For example, a sensing target may be an object to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal. For example, a background environment may be a background that is not a sensing target (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.). For example, an environment object may be an object whose location is known other than a sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which a sensing transmitter and a sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are located in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target. For example, monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or multistatic sensing may be distinguished based on the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is less than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as monostatic sensing or semi-monostatic sensing. For example, if the angle between the sensing transmitter, the sensing target, and the sensing receiver is greater than or equal to a threshold, it may be defined as bistatic sensing or multistatic sensing.For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0103] For example, the common framework of the ISAC channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on mathematical equation 1.

[0104]

[0105] Here, for example, target channel H target may include all [multipath] components affected by the sensing target. For example, background channel H Background may contain other [multipath] components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0106] For example, radar cross-section (RCS) may be a measure of how well a radar sensor can detect a target. Therefore, it is often referred to as an electromagnetic characteristic of the target. For example, a larger RCS may indicate that the target is more easily detectable. For example, in a radar sensor measurement, power may be transmitted toward the target, and the target may reflect some of the power back to the receiver. For example, the received power may be based on the RCS of the target, among other factors. For example, the received power may be proportional to the RCS. For example, the RCS of a target may be based on at least one of the frequency of the radar signal, the target material, the target shape, the target size, the direction of the incident and reflected waves relative to the target, the target movement, and / or the target illumination.

[0107] FIG. 9 illustrates the relationship between RCS, range (D), and power according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0108] Referring to Figure 9, the RCS of a radar target may be a virtual area required to intercept the power density transmitted from the target. For example, the relevant radar mathematical formula may be defined as in Equation 2.

[0109]

[0110] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], and G TXcan be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], and RCS can be the radar cross section [m 2 ] can be, P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object, and A eff is the effective area of ​​the receiving antenna [m 2 ] can be. For example, A eff can be obtained based on mathematical formula 3.

[0111]

[0112] Here, for example, G RX can be the gain of the receiving antenna [dimensionless], λ can be the wavelength of the radio signal [m], λ = c / f, c can be the speed of light 299792458 [m / s], and f can be the frequency [Hz].

[0113] For example, if the transmitter and receiver are co-located and the same antenna is used for both transmission and reception (G TX = G RX = G), the related radar mathematical formula can be defined as in mathematical formula 4.

[0114]

[0115] Here, for example, P TX can be the transmitter power [W], G can be the gain of the transmitting antenna [dimensionless], D can be the distance between the equipment under test (EUT) and the target [m], and RCS can be the radar cross section [m 2 ] can be, P RX can be the power [W] received back by the EUT from the object.

[0116] Meanwhile, in the positioning mode, there may be UE-based positioning or UE-assisted / NW-based positioning. Conventionally, in the case of positioning, location calculation / estimation (e.g., an operation of performing location calculation using measurement data of positioning reference signals (short for positioning data)) may be performed in the location management function (LMF) of the core network or in the UE. The former may be called UE-assisted / NW-based positioning mode, and the latter may be called UE-based positioning mode.

[0117] In UE-assisted / NW-based positioning mode, the UE or base station (gNB / TRP) must transmit positioning data to the LMF. For example, for positioning operation in UE-assisted mode of a DL type positioning method (e.g., NR DL TDoA (Time Difference of Arrival), etc.), the UE can transmit the measured positioning data to the LMF, and the LMF can perform UE position calculation using the received positioning data.

[0118] Meanwhile, in the sensing mode, there may be UE-based sensing, BS-based sensing, or core network-based sensing. Similarly, in an Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) system, a "sensing node" (e.g., a sensing transmitter / receiver that transmits / receives sensing signals) may transmit sensing data to a "sensing server" (sensing function) for sensing processing / analysis (sensing result computing from sensing data).

[0119] Here, the 3GPP has not yet decided on which node the "sensing server" function that performs sensing data processing / analysis will be performed on. However, considering the various sensing modes of ISAC (e.g., TRP monostatic, UE monostatic, TRP-TRP bistatic, UE-UE bistatic, TRP-UE bistatic, UE-TRP bistatic, etc.) and various use cases, the sensing processing / analysis operation of the sensing server needs to be performed on various entities such as the "UE", the "base station / TRP", and / or the "core network", and should also be possible.

[0120] A structure in which a "sensing server" is located on a "sensing node" (e.g., a UE and / or base station / TRP) to rapidly process sensing data may also be discussed. Furthermore, for integrated analysis and high processing capabilities across a wide area, a case in which sensing data is transmitted to a sensing server located centrally (in the core network) may also be discussed.

[0121] Therefore, in an ISAC system, if the "sensing node" (e.g., UE, base station / TRP, etc.) (which performs sensing data measurement) and the "sensing server" (e.g., UE, base station / TRP, core network, etc.) (which performs sensing data analysis) are not the same entity, then sensing data transmission is required between the two entities.

[0122] Conventionally, positioning data in positioning can be transmitted through LPP (LTE positioning protocol) signaling defined in the 3GPP standard. Here, the signaling information may differ depending on the positioning mode. In the case of UE-based mode positioning, "UE location information" (e.g., NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation) calculated by the UE can be transmitted. In the case of UE-assisted / NW-based mode positioning, the UE can transmit the measured "positioning data" (e.g., NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation) to the LMF existing in the core network via the base station. The above message may be an example of a message used in the NR DL TDoA method. Here, NR-DL-TDOA-LocationInformation corresponding to UE location information may include location information such as latitude, longitude, and altitude, as well as corresponding time information. Here, NR-DL-TDOA-SignalMeasurementInformation corresponding to positioning data may include various PRS (positioning reference signal) information, RSTD (reference signal time difference) value measured by UE, additional path (multi-path) information, LOS (line-of-sight) / NLOS (non-line-of-sight) information, etc. As described above, the positioning data has a structured format. For example, depending on the positioning method, measured RSTD, Rx-Tx time difference, beam index, RSRP (reference signal received power) / RSRQ (reference signal received quality), etc. may be transmitted according to a set format.

[0123] Meanwhile, for sensing data transmission, the characteristics and format of ISAC sensing data have not yet been studied or discussed within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). However, the format and data characteristics are expected to be significantly more diverse than those of conventional positioning data.

[0124] The sensor types applicable to the ISAC system can have diverse characteristics, including 3GPP sensors that utilize 3GPP wireless signals and non-3GPP sensors (e.g., radar, lidar, cameras, etc.) that do not utilize 3GPP wireless signals. The sensing data for each of these various sensor types may require different transmission rates. In particular, in the case of multi-model sensing that analyzes a mixture of 3GPP and non-3GPP sensors, the simultaneous transmission of sensing data with diverse characteristics may be required. For example, referring to Table 3 below, the transfer intervals of various non-3GPP sensors can differ and have a large fluctuation range of 20 to 100 ms.

[0125]

[0126] Additionally, some of this sensing data may be unanalyzed, i.e., raw sensing data, and transmission of this data may be required. In such cases, the size of the sensing data can be significantly larger than that of transmitted analyzed results. For example, LiDAR consists of 3D point cloud data, which can generate approximately 100 GB of data per hour.

[0127] Furthermore, when transmitting such large amounts of data, various compression methods and methods for suppressing the transmission of unnecessary (less important) data can be used to improve resource efficiency. When utilizing such efficient transmission algorithms (e.g., compression, event / threshold-based transmission methods, etc.), the sensing data size can be variable, and in some cases, transmission may be skipped.

[0128] Moreover, depending on the intended use, this sensing data may require very strict time delay characteristics. For example, services requiring real-time sensing, such as public safety services, may require very fast (very low-latency) sensing data transmission. In such cases, a very low packet delay budget (PDB) value may be required.

[0129] In conclusion, as discussed above, in an ISAC system, if the "sensing node" (e.g., UE, base station / TRP, etc.) (which performs sensing data measurement) and the "sensing server" (e.g., UE, base station / TRP, core network, etc.) (which performs sensing data analysis) are not the same entity, sensing data transmission between the two entities is required. The characteristics of the sensing data may have more diverse periods, require higher speeds, be more variable, and / or require more stringent PDB values ​​compared to positioning data. Therefore, a method may be required to effectively transmit sensing data that is diverse and variable and requires high speeds and low time delay characteristics over a wireless link.

[0130] In this disclosure, a method for efficiently transmitting sensing data having various characteristics in a MAC layer and a device supporting the same are proposed.

[0131] FIG. 10 illustrates a procedure for requesting resources for transmitting sensing data, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 10, in step S1010, a sensing node may acquire sensing data. For example, the sensing data may be data acquired through 3GPP-based sensing and / or data acquired through non-3GPP-based sensing.

[0133] For example, sensing data may have periodicity. For example, sensing data may have periodic characteristics. For example, in the case of non-3GPP sensing, periodic non-3GPP sensing data transmission may be performed based on the periodic information for generating one sensing data or the transmission period information of a periodic sensing measurement report, depending on the characteristics of each sensor type and individual hardware. For example, in the case of 3GPP sensing, periodic sensing data transmission may be performed based on the period for transmitting a sensing signal or the transmission period information of a periodic sensing measurement report. For example, when a sensing data transmission period is configured, a resource with a period may be allocated so that sensing data can be transmitted for each period. In a 5G system, semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) and / or configured grant (CG) with a specific period may be configured. Here, for example, one period may be configured differently for each sensor. For example, when sensor data with multiple different periods need to be transmitted, SPS (on the downlink) and / or CG (on the uplink) with multiple periods can be configured. Accordingly, the "sensing node" can inform the entity that allocates resources (e.g., a "sensing server" or a base station, etc.) of the sensor types / types it supports and the period information supported for each sensor type / type. Here, for example, the sensor types / types can be diverse, such as 3GPP sensing, non-3GPP sensing (e.g., radar, LiDAR, camera, etc.). For example, the period information supported for each sensor can also have various options depending on the supported performance. Here, for example, the period information can be information related to the period for transmitting / receiving a sensing signal or information related to the period for generating sensing data.This information may be conveyed via ISAC / sensing capability exchange / transfer messages, etc., that inform the capabilities of the sensing node when establishing a sensing session. For example, the message may be conveyed via a sensing protocol or RRC / MAC signaling.

[0134] For example, sensing data may have variable data sizes. For example, even if periodic resources (SPS / CG) are allocated according to the sensing data period, the sensing data size may be variable. If sensing data larger than the packet size (TB size) of the allocated SPS / CG is generated and the sensing data cannot be completely transmitted at that opportunity, the sensing data transmission may be delayed to the next opportunity. However, if this overflow continues to occur and packet transmission is delayed, it may become difficult to meet strict PDB performance. If packet transmission is delayed beyond the PDB, the packet may be dropped, which may degrade sensing performance. Figure 11 illustrates an example in which a packet that exceeds the PDB (packet delay budget) is dropped due to a delay in packet transmission. To solve the above-mentioned problem, the following method may be proposed.

[0135] FIG. 12 and / or FIG. 13 illustrate a method for allocating resources related to SPS / CG using the largest packet size of sensing data, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 and / or FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0136] For example, a "sensing node" may inform a resource allocator (e.g., a "sensing server" or a base station, etc.) of the largest packet size of sensing data that it should (or can) transmit in one SPS / CG opportunity, along with the sensor types / types it supports and the cycle information supported for each sensor type / type. For example, this may be conveyed via an ISAC / sensing capability exchange / transfer message that informs the capabilities of the sensing node before a sensing operation. Or, for example, this may be conveyed via the message during the sensing operation. For example, the message may be conveyed via a sensing protocol or RRC / MAC signaling.

[0137] Referring to FIG. 12, for example, packet drop due to resource shortage can be prevented by setting the TB size of SPS / CG based on the largest packet size of sensing data.

[0138] Referring to FIG. 13, for example, packet drop due to resource shortage can be prevented by setting the SPS / CG cycle to a short period based on the largest packet size of sensing data.

[0139] For example, the largest packet size of the sensing data may be separately known for each sensing service and / or sensor type. Here, for example, the sensor type / type may vary, such as 3GPP sensing, non-3GPP sensing (e.g., radar, LiDAR, camera, etc.). For example, such information may be transmitted via a message, etc., when establishing a sensing session and / or during a sensing operation. For example, the message may be transmitted via a sensing protocol or RRC / MAC signaling.

[0140] In step S1020, the sensing node may transmit resource request information to be allocated resources for transmitting sensing data. For example, the sensing node may transmit resource request information to be allocated DG (dynamic grant) resources for transmitting sensing data. For example, the resource request information may be configured or defined in the MAC CE format described below.

[0141] For example, in order to transmit sensing data in a DG manner, a UE can transmit a BSR (buffer status report) MAC CE (control element) to a base station. For example, by transmitting the data size to be transmitted for each logical channel group (LCG) through the MAC CE, the base station can allocate DG resources accordingly. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a long BSR MAC CE among BSR (buffer status report) medium access control (MAC) CEs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the above embodiments may be omitted. However, when the resources of the base station are insufficient due to requests from multiple UEs and / or multiple LCGs, it may be difficult to prioritize multiple resource requests based only on the data size information included in the BSR MAC CE. To solve this problem, a DSR (delay status report) MAC CE may be newly introduced. FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a delay status report (DSR) medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, the MAC CE may include information on the remaining PDB value (remaining time) as well as data size information (buffer size). For example, using this information, a base station can prioritize multiple resource requests.

[0142] For example, when transmitting sensing data using DG, the conventional DSR MAC CE can meet the characteristics of sensing data that has a variable size and requires strict PDB values. To this end, the sensing data can be set to one LCG, and the UE can inform the base station of the data size (buffer size) and the remaining PDB value (remaining time) of the sensing data to be transmitted through the DSR MAC CE. However, the sensing data measured by each sensor may have different characteristics, for example, each sensor may have a different PDB value. Therefore, for the base station to perform effective scheduling, it may be necessary for the UE to transmit information on the remaining PDB values ​​that are different for each sensor. Hereinafter, a method for transmitting resource request information (e.g., information for requesting resources for transmitting sensing data) will be described in detail. For example, the resource request information can be defined in a MAC CE format.

[0143] For example, a different Logical Channel Group (LCG) can be assigned to each sensor. However, in the current specification, up to eight Logical Channel Groups (LCGs) can be configured (except for IAB-MT). For example, referring to Table 4, up to eight Logical Channel Groups (LCGs) can be configured (except for IAB-MT).

[0144] Each logical channel may be allocated to an LCG using the logicalChannelGroup. The maximum number of LCGs is eight except for IAB-MTs configured with logicalChannelGroupIAB-Ext, for which the maximum number of LCGs is 256.

[0145] To satisfy various communication service characteristics, in a situation where a large number of LCGs are already in use (and, moreover, in a situation where new communication services such as XR and holographic communication are likely to be added), it is difficult to assume that the remaining number of LCGs that can be used for ISAC sensing will be sufficient. To solve this problem, the maximum number of usable LCGs can be increased. For example, the conventional number of 8 can be increased to 16, 32, 64, or 128. However, as the maximum number of LCGs increases, the number of bits required to distinguish them also increases, which may increase the overhead accordingly. Therefore, as in the embodiment of FIG. 16, a method of expressing LCGs as LCG IDs that can have 128 values, rather than distinguishing them as conventional bit strings, can be used. FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an enhanced DSR (delay status report) MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) that can distinguish up to 128 LCGs, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0146] For example, sequential DSR MAC CE transmissions can be performed based on the remaining PDB values. For example, the UE can request resources using the DSR MAC CE for the sensor data with the smallest remaining PDB value. For example, after transmitting all of the corresponding data, the UE can request resources using the DSR MAC CE for the sensing data with the smallest remaining PDB value. For example, the UE can perform this operation until all sensor data are transmitted. Meanwhile, in the case of this operation, since the UE must transmit the DSR MAC CE for each sensing data with different characteristics until all sensing data are transmitted, the number of DSR MAC CEs that need to be transmitted increases as the number of sensing data with different characteristics increases, which can significantly increase signaling overhead. In addition, this operation increases the complexity of the scheduling of the base station, and if the UE is not allocated resources due to issues such as processing delay, packet loss may occur due to PDB out.

[0147] For example, a single DSR MAC CE transmission can be performed based on the minimum remaining PDB value. For example, the UE can transmit the total size of the sensing data to be transmitted along with the smallest value among the remaining PDB values. For example, the base station can allocate resources corresponding to the total size within the PDB value, so that the UE can transmit only one MAC CE, thereby reducing signaling overhead and enabling the transmission of sensing data without packet loss. However, since the data size and the remaining PDB value do not match, sensing data with sufficient remaining PDB values ​​may actually be transmitted. While this is advantageous for a specific UE because it allows for faster transmission of sensing data (at least from the UE's perspective), from the network's perspective, when multiple UEs request resources, effective scheduling according to PDB may not be possible. This can have significant negative implications for network scheduling optimization and efficient radio resource utilization.

[0148] For example, based on QoS (based on required / remaining PDB values), DSR MAC CE transmission can be performed per sensor group. For example, if a UE has multiple sensors and the characteristics of sensing data for each sensor are different, it can be helpful to introduce a new MAC CE that can distinguish them. By not transmitting multiple MAC CEs, signaling overhead can be reduced. For example, a new MAC CE that includes the buffer size and remaining PDB values ​​can be proposed for each sensor group (SG). Here, for example, SG can be a factor that distinguishes a sensor group. For example, SG1 can be configured as a camera, SG2 as a radar, and SG3 as a lidar. Also, within a single camera, cameras with different characteristics can be configured as different SGs. For example, SG1 can be associated with 3GPP sensing, and SG2 can be associated with non-3GPP sensing. For example, the proposed MAC CE may include remaining PDB and buffer size information (similar to DSR). However, this information may be distinguished by sensor group. In the embodiment of FIG. 17, SGs may be used as sub-groups within an LCG. FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an enhanced sensing DSR (delay status report) MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) that includes multiple SG (sensor group) information within one LCG, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. According to the embodiment of FIG. 17, additional SGs may be set and distinguished within a specific LCG.

[0149] For example, based on QoS (based on required / remaining PDB values), DSR MAC CE transmission can be performed per sensing channel group. For example, the number of conventionally available LCGs may be limited due to various communication services. Therefore, ISAC sensing data can be classified using SCG (sensing channel group) for each sensing service, without using conventional LCG. In this case, when multiple ISAC sensing services occur / operate simultaneously, the problem of insufficient number of conventional LCGs can be avoided. FIG. 18 illustrates an example of an enhanced sensing DSR (delay status report) MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) including multiple SCG (sensing channel group) information, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the above embodiments may be omitted.

[0150] For example, based on QoS (based on requested / remaining PDB values), DSR MAC CE transmission can be performed per sensor group within a sensing channel group. For example, when multiple sensing services are operating simultaneously and multiple sensor groups are required for each sensing service, a new MAC CE can be used that requests buffer size and remaining PDB values ​​per sensing service (SCG) and per sensor group (SG) within it. FIG. 19 illustrates an example of an enhanced sensing DSR (delay status report) MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) that includes information on multiple SGs (sensor groups) within a sensing channel group (SCG), according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the above embodiments can be omitted. For example, referring to FIG. 19, when i sensing services are in operation, MAC CE may include information on multiple sensor groups for each sensing service. For example, i may be a positive integer.

[0151] Here, for example, settings for a sensing channel / service group (SCG) and / or a sensor group (SG) can be set when a sensing session is established according to the occurrence of a sensing service. Alternatively, for example, these can be added / changed during the operation of a sensing service, such as when a sensing session is changed.

[0152] Here, for example, when transmitting DG schedule information via DCI, the base station may transmit information regarding the corresponding sensing channel / service group (SCG) and / or sensor group. For example, this may vary depending on the MAC CE format used. For example, the proposed formats may be distinguished and used in multiple versions. For example, the formats used may be distinguished between UEs and base stations using different (e)LCIDs.

[0153] Optionally, for example, in step S1030, the sensing node may receive resource allocation information related to resources for transmitting sensing data from the sensing server. Optionally, for example, in step S1040, the sensing node may transmit sensing data based on the resources.

[0154] For example, in the present disclosure, a “specific threshold” may mean a threshold that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a “specific set value” may mean a value that is defined in advance or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, “set by the network / base station” may mean an operation in which the base station sets (in advance) to the UE via higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0155] For example, in the present disclosure, a message may be interpreted as being replaced with at least one of a control message, a data message, a signal, a data signal, and / or a control signal. For example, in the present disclosure, various names are exemplary and may be replaced / considered with other names that perform the same / similar function based on the content described in each step (regardless of the name).

[0156] FIG. 20 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 20, in step S2010, the first device can obtain the first type of sensing data. In step S2020, the first device can obtain the second type of sensing data. In step S2030, the first device can transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to the second device.

[0158] For example, the resource request information for the first type of sensing data may include information related to a remaining time for the first type of sensing data and information related to a buffer size for the first type of sensing data, and the resource request information for the second type of sensing data may include information related to a remaining time for the second type of sensing data and information related to a buffer size for the second type of sensing data.

[0159] For example, the first type of sensing data may be data acquired from a first sensor, and the second type of sensing data may be data acquired from a second sensor. For example, a sensing group associated with the first sensor and a sensing group associated with the second sensor may be independently configured. For example, the type of the first sensor may be different from the type of the second sensor. For example, the first sensor may be a sensor for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-based sensing, and the second sensor may be a sensor for non-3GPP-based sensing. For example, the type of the first sensor may be the same as the type of the second sensor, and the characteristics of the first sensor may be different from the characteristics of the second sensor.

[0160] For example, the first type of sensing data may be data acquired for a first sensing service, and the second type of sensing data may be data acquired for a second sensing service. For example, the sensing channel group associated with the first sensing service and the sensing channel group associated with the second sensing service may be independently configured.

[0161] For example, the MAC CE may include resource request information for each of a plurality of sensor groups.

[0162] For example, the MAC CE may include resource request information for each of a plurality of sensing channel groups.

[0163] For example, the MAC CE may include resource request information for each of a plurality of sensor groups associated with one sensing channel group.

[0164] For example, the first device may be a terminal or a sensing node, and the second device may be a base station, a sensing server, or a device different from the first device.

[0165] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain a first type of sensing data, and / or the processor (102) of the first device (100) can obtain a second type of sensing data, and / or the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to the second device.

[0166] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to perform an operation based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: acquiring a first type of sensing data; acquiring a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to a second device.

[0167] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a first device to perform an operation based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: obtaining a first type of sensing data; obtaining a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to the second device.

[0168] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, upon being executed, may cause a first device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include at least one of: acquiring a first type of sensing data; acquiring a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to the second device.

[0169] FIG. 21 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 21, in step S2110, the second device may receive, from the first device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data. In step S2120, the second device may transmit, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

[0171] For example, the resource request information for the first type of sensing data may include information related to a remaining time for the first type of sensing data and information related to a buffer size for the first type of sensing data, and the resource request information for the second type of sensing data may include information related to a remaining time for the second type of sensing data and information related to a buffer size for the second type of sensing data.

[0172] For example, the first type of sensing data may be data acquired from a first sensor, and the second type of sensing data may be data acquired from a second sensor. For example, a sensing group associated with the first sensor and a sensing group associated with the second sensor may be independently configured. For example, the type of the first sensor may be different from the type of the second sensor. For example, the first sensor may be a sensor for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-based sensing, and the second sensor may be a sensor for non-3GPP-based sensing. For example, the type of the first sensor may be the same as the type of the second sensor, and the characteristics of the first sensor may be different from the characteristics of the second sensor.

[0173] For example, the first type of sensing data may be data acquired for a first sensing service, and the second type of sensing data may be data acquired for a second sensing service. For example, the sensing channel group associated with the first sensing service and the sensing channel group associated with the second sensing service may be independently configured.

[0174] For example, the MAC CE may include resource request information for each of a plurality of sensor groups.

[0175] For example, the MAC CE may include resource request information for each of a plurality of sensing channel groups.

[0176] For example, the MAC CE may include resource request information for each of a plurality of sensor groups associated with one sensing channel group.

[0177] For example, the first device may be a terminal or a sensing node, and the second device may be a base station, a sensing server, or a device different from the first device.

[0178] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive, from the first device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data, and / or the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

[0179] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the second device to perform an operation based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

[0180] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause a second device to perform an operation based on being executed by the at least one processor. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

[0181] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, upon being executed, may cause a second device to perform an operation. For example, the operation may include at least one of: receiving, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and / or transmitting, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

[0182] As described above, conventional 3GPP-based positioning data transmission methods are based on a standardized structure and fixed periodicity. However, in ISAC environments, data with various formats, periods, and transmission delay requirements (PDBs) can be generated from 3GPP and non-3GPP sensors. In particular, large-capacity or high-period data such as LiDAR, radar, and cameras need to be transmitted in real time, and the transmission method can have variable characteristics depending on whether it is compressed or event-based. To efficiently transmit this diverse sensing data through the wireless section (e.g., MAC layer), issues such as delays or transmission failures due to mismatches in data generation periods and packet sizes, difficulties in controlling the priority of data with diverse PDB conditions, limitations in sensor identification due to limited LCG counts, and the need for segmented resource requests by sensor group or service group must be addressed. However, the existing MAC layer structure cannot accommodate these complex sensing characteristics, which can result in degraded sensing performance, resource waste, or degraded service quality.

[0183] The method proposed in the present disclosure can provide the following technical means for efficiently transmitting sensing data with various characteristics at the MAC layer. For example, SPS / CG can be set according to periodicity information for each sensor type, thereby enabling stable transmission of multi-period sensing data. For example, by transmitting information on the maximum packet size that each sensor can generate to the base station and using this as a reference when setting SPS / CG, overflow and packet drops can be prevented. For example, an enhanced DSR MAC CE structure that extends the existing DSR MAC CE structure can be proposed to express variable data sizes and various PDB requirements. For example, an increased number of LCGs or the concept of SG (sensor group) can be proposed, and / or a new MAC CE format including buffer and PDB information for each SCG (sensing channel group) and SG can be proposed. For example, to minimize signaling overhead, a sensing node can request resources by including information on multiple sensor groups (e.g., buffer sizes, PDBs, etc.) in a single MAC CE. Therefore, by transmitting various sensing data within a time frame without packet drop, QoS of real-time sensing service can be secured, and / or MAC resource waste can be minimized by setting resources based on sensor cycle and data characteristics.

[0184] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0185] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0186] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0187] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0188] FIG. 22 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0189] Referring to FIG. 22, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0190] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0191] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0192] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0193] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0194] Referring to FIG. 23, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 22.

[0195] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0196] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0197] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0198] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0199] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0200] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0201] FIG. 24 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0202] Referring to FIG. 24, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 24 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23. The hardware elements of FIG. 24 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 23. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 23, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 23.

[0203] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 24. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0204] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0205] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0206] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 24. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 23) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0207] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see FIG. 22). The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 25, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 23 and may be composed of various elements, components, units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 23. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 23. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0209] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 22, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 22, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 22, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 22, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 22, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 22, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 22, 400), a base station (Fig. 22, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0210] In FIG. 25, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0211] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 25 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0212] FIG. 26 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0213] Referring to FIG. 26, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 25, respectively.

[0214] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0215] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0216] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, A first device, a step of acquiring a first type of sensing data; The first device, a step of acquiring a second type of sensing data; and A method comprising: a step in which the first device transmits to the second device a medium access control (MAC) CE (control element) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the resource request information for the first type of sensing data includes information related to a remaining time for the first type of sensing data and information related to a buffer size for the first type of sensing data, and the resource request information for the second type of sensing data includes information related to a remaining time for the second type of sensing data and information related to a buffer size for the second type of sensing data.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first type of sensing data is data obtained from a first sensor, and the second type of sensing data is data obtained from a second sensor.

4. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the sensing group associated with the first sensor and the sensing group associated with the second sensor are independently set.

5. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the type of the first sensor is different from the type of the second sensor.

6. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the first sensor is a sensor for 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)-based sensing, and the second sensor is a sensor for non-3GPP-based sensing.

7. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the type of the first sensor is the same as the type of the second sensor, and the characteristics of the first sensor are different from the characteristics of the second sensor.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first type of sensing data is data acquired for a first sensing service, and the second type of sensing data is data acquired for a second sensing service.

9. In paragraph 8, A method wherein the sensing channel group related to the first sensing service and the sensing channel group related to the second sensing service are independently set.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the MAC CE includes resource request information for each of a plurality of sensor groups.

11. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the MAC CE includes resource request information for each of a plurality of sensing channel groups.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the MAC CE includes resource request information for each of a plurality of sensor groups associated with one sensing channel group.

13. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first device is a terminal or a sensing node, and the second device is a base station, a sensing server, or a device different from the first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing said first device to perform an operation based on being executed by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: Obtaining the first type of sensing data; Obtaining a second type of sensing data; and A first device comprising: transmitting a MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to a second device; 15. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing the first device to perform an operation based on execution by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: Obtaining the first type of sensing data; Obtaining a second type of sensing data; and A processing device comprising: transmitting a MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to a second device; 16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, upon being executed, cause the first device to perform an action, wherein the action is: Obtaining the first type of sensing data; Obtaining a second type of sensing data; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising: transmitting a MAC (medium access control) CE (control element) including resource request information for the first type of sensing data and resource request information for the second type of sensing data to a second device; 17. In the method, A step in which a second device receives, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) CE (control element) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and A method comprising: a step of transmitting, by the second device, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

18. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing said second device to perform an operation based on execution by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: Receiving, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) CE (control element) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and A second device comprising: transmitting, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

19. In the processing device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions causing a second device to perform an operation based on execution by said at least one processor, said operation comprising: Receiving, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) CE (control element) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and A processing device comprising: transmitting, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, based on which they are executed, cause the second device to perform an action, wherein the action is: Receiving, from a first device, a medium access control (MAC) CE (control element) including resource request information for a first type of sensing data and resource request information for a second type of sensing data; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising: transmitting, to the first device, resource allocation information for the first type of sensing data and resource allocation information for the second type of sensing data.

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