Systems and methods for electrogram set determination

Abstract

A medical system may be configured to receive input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by a plurality of transducers of a catheter device system and to cause display of at least part of an electrogram set. The medical system may be configured to 5 determine a patient axis or an electrophysiological activity propagation direction and to alter display of the at least part of the electrogram set in a manner consistent with a particular extension direction of the patient axis or to indicate a positional relationship between a particular transducer set and the determined electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

Description

[0001] SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTROGRAM SET DETERMINATION

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of each of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 681,374, filed August 9, 2024; U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 789,704, filed April 16, 2025; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 848,474 filed July 22, 2025, the entire disclosure of each of these applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

[0004] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0005] Aspects of this disclosure generally are related to systems and methods for electrogram set determination, such systems and methods applicable to medical systems.

[0006] BACKGROUND

[0007] Cardiac surgery was initially undertaken using highly invasive open procedures. A sternotomy, which is a type of incision in the center of the chest that separates the sternum was typically employed to allow access to the heart. In the past several decades, more and more cardiac operations are performed using intravascular or percutaneous techniques, where access to inner organs or other tissue is gained via a catheter.

[0008] Intravascular or percutaneous surgeries benefit patients by reducing surgery risk, complications and recovery time. However, the use of intravascular or percutaneous technologies also raises some particular challenges. Medical devices used in intravascular or percutaneous surgery need to be deployed via catheter systems which significantly increase the complexity of the device structure. As well, doctors do not have direct visual contact with the medical devices once the devices are positioned within the body.

[0009] One example of where intravascular or percutaneous medical techniques have been employed is in the treatment of a heart disorder called atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is a disorder in which spurious electrical signals cause an irregular heartbeat. Atrial fibrillation has been treated with various methods including a technique known as the pulmonary vein (“PV”) isolation. Research has shown that atrial fibrillation typically begins in the pulmonary veins or at the point where they attach to the left atrium. There are typically four major pulmonary veins, and some or all may be a focal point for activity that may cause atrial fibrillation. During this procedure, physicians create specific patterns of lesions in the heart to block various paths taken by the spurious electrical signals. The patterns of lesions may include a pattern of one or more lesions that encircle at least one of the pulmonary veins. Lesions were originally created using incisions, but are now typically created by ablating the tissue with various techniques including pulsed field ablation (“PFA”) (also known as irreversible electroporation), radiofrequency (“RF”) ablation, microwave ablation, laser ablation, and cryogenic ablation. Lesion formation may be performed with a high success rate under the direct vision that is provided in open procedures, but is relatively complex to perform intravascularly or percutaneously because of the difficulty in creating the lesions in the correct locations. The continuity, transmurality, and placement of the lesion patterns that are formed can impact the ability to block paths taken within the heart by spurious electrical signals. In this regard, the monitoring of electrograms (i.e., cardiac signals measured intracorporeally) may be used to determine the efficacy of the lesion patterns. Because of the complexity of percutaneous procedures and the increasing complexity of percutaneous devices that treat atrial fibrillation, including the increasing number of transducers of such devices, the amount of information and electrograms presented to a user or physician during a procedure can be excessive. In this regard, it can be time-consuming and can increase the risk of misunderstanding for a user or physician to have to visually sift through many electrograms and other real-time treatment data during a procedure, thereby hampering the important requirements of timeliness and precision for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Accordingly, the present inventors recognized that there is a need in the art for improved intra- bodily-cavity transducer-based device systems or control mechanisms thereof with improved capabilities to more efficiently present relevant information about a treatment procedure.

[0010] SUMMARY

[0011] At least the above-discussed need is addressed, and technical solutions are achieved by various embodiments of the present invention. According to some embodiments, a medical system may be summarized as including a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to: receive input via the input-output device system and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receive, via the input-output device system, first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers; access, via the memory device system, second information indicating a patient axis of the patient; and cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis.

[0012] In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate a user selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate a machine selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate the particular transducer set as a set of transducers that come into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate the particular transducer set as a set of transducers whose transducers exhibit an increase in a degree of transducer-to-tissue contact to meet or exceed a particular threshold or degree of transducer- to-tissue contact. In some embodiments, the received first information may be tissue contact information sensed by the particular transducer set indicating the particular transducer set as coming into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity.

[0013] In some embodiments, the patient axis may be predetermined.

[0014] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, the second information indicating a user selection of the patient axis. In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of particular information indicating multiple selectable patient axes; and receive, via the input-output device system, the second information indicating a user selection of the patient axis from one of the multiple selectable patient axes.

[0015] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, third information indicating a user selection of the particular extension direction of the patient axis. In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause, via the inputoutput device system, display of particular information indicating two selectable opposing extension directions; and receive, via the input-output device system, third information indicating a user selection of the particular extension direction of the patient axis from one of the two selectable opposing extension directions.

[0016] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system within the bodily cavity; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the navigation information.

[0017] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, navigation information provided by a catheter navigation system, the navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system within the bodily cavity; determine, based at least on an analysis of the navigation information, an orientation of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space with respect to the patient axis; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the determined orientation of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space with respect to the patient axis.

[0018] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, first navigation information provided by a catheter navigation system, the first navigation information indicating, in three- dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system; receive, via the input-output device system, second navigation information provided by the catheter navigation system; determine a position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space based at least on an analysis of the first navigation information; determine an orientation of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the second navigation information; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the determined position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space.

[0019] In some embodiments, an orientation of the patient axis may be defined at least in part from at least one pair of three pairs of contact patches of a catheter navigation system, the three pairs of contact patches located externally on the patient. In some embodiments, the patient axis may be a superior-inferior axis. The particular extension direction of the patient axis extends from the superior side of the bodily cavity to the inferior side of the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the patient axis may be an anterior- posterior axis. In some embodiments, the patient axis may be a left-right axis.

[0020] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system with respect to at least three axes associated with a catheter navigation system; and determine an orientation of the patient axis in the three-dimensional space based at least on information specifying at least some of the at least three axes. In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to determine a position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three- dimensional space based at least on an analysis of the navigation information; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the determined position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space and the determined orientation of the patient axis in the three-dimensional space.

[0021] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of (a) the particular transducer set to indicate the first order according to which the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms are displayed, (b) the ordered arrangement of electrograms including the electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, or both (a) and (b).

[0022] In some embodiments, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set. In some embodiments, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

[0023] In some embodiments, the added or altered graphical labeling set may include a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a plurality of transducer identifiers, each transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers being unique from every other transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers. In some embodiments, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set. In some embodiments, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set. In some embodiments, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers are not visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

[0024] In some embodiments, the patient axis may be a superior-inferior axis, and the graphical labeling set may include a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction is consistent with the superior-inferior axis. In some embodiments, the patient axis may be a superior-inferior axis, and the graphical labeling set may include a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction extends superiorly-to-inferiorly along the superior-inferior axis. In some embodiments, the patient axis may be an anterior-posterior axis, and the graphical labeling set may include a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction is consistent with the anterior-posterior axis.

[0025] In some embodiments, the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set may include removing an electrogram in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set and adding an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

[0026] In some embodiments, the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set may include adding to the displayed at least part of the electrogram set an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

[0027] In some embodiments, the electrogram set may include a plurality of electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers, and the displayed at least part of the electrogram set may display less than all of the plurality of electrograms. In some embodiments, the display of the at least part of the electrogram set may be a visual stacking of electrograms in the at least part of the electrogram set.

[0028] In some embodiments, the display of the ordered arrangement of electrograms may be a visual stacking of electrograms in the ordered arrangement of electrograms.

[0029] In some embodiments, the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers may be configured to ablate tissue and sense the electrophysiological activity information.

[0030] In some embodiments, the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set may include bipolar electrograms.

[0031] In some embodiments, the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set include unipolar electrograms.

[0032] According to some embodiments, a medical system may be summarized as including a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to receive input via the input-output device system and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; identify an electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicated by at least part of the received input; cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receive, via the input-output device system, first information indicating a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; and cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate a positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

[0033] In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate a user selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate a machine selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate the particular transducer set as a set of transducers that come into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the received first information may indicate the particular transducer set as a set of transducers whose transducers exhibit an increase in a degree of transducer-to-tissue contact to meet or exceed a particular threshold or degree of transducer- to-tissue contact. In some embodiments, the received first information may be tissue contact information sensed by the particular transducer set indicating the particular transducer set as coming into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity.

[0034] In some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction may indicate a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the direction among the at least some transducers is through a region of a subset of transducers from the at least some transducers, the subset of transducers sensing the electrophysiological activity information that exhibits a higher signal quality than a minimum threshold signal quality among the at least some transducers.

[0035] In some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction may indicate a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers determined at least in part from a local activation time determined from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by each of the at least some transducers.

[0036] In some embodiments, the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set may include removing an electrogram in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set and adding an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

[0037] In some embodiments, the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set may include adding to the displayed at least part of the electrogram set an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

[0038] In some embodiments, the electrogram set may include a plurality of electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers, and the displayed at least part of the electrogram set may be less than all of the plurality of electrograms. In some embodiments, the display of the at least part of the electrogram set may be a visual stacking of electrograms in the at least part of the electrogram set.

[0039] In some embodiments, the display of the ordered arrangement of electrograms may be a visual stacking of electrograms in the ordered arrangement of electrograms. In some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction may indicate a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers, and the visual stacking of electrograms may be in a visual order consistent with the time sequence of detection of the common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers.

[0040] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of

[0041] (a) the particular transducer set to indicate the positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction, (b) the ordered arrangement of electrograms including the electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, or both (a) and

[0042] (b). In some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction may indicate a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers, and the added or altered graphical labeling set may include a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a sequence of numbers associated with (i) the particular transducer set, (ii) the ordered arrangement of electrograms, or both (i) and (ii), where the visually displayed sequence of numbers may be visually displayed in a visual arrangement consistent with the time sequence of detection of the common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers. In some embodiments, the added or altered graphical labeling set may include a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively, each transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers being unique from every other transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers. In some embodiments, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input- output device system, transducer identifiers may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set. In some embodiments, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the inputoutput device system, transducer identifiers may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set. In some embodiments, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set. In some embodiments, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling may not be visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

[0043] In some embodiments, the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers are configured to ablate tissue and sense the electrophysiological activity information.

[0044] In some embodiments, the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set may include bipolar electrograms.

[0045] In some embodiments, the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set may include unipolar electrograms.

[0046] According to some embodiments, a medical system may be summarized as including a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to receive input via the input-output device system and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; cause, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation, the graphical representation including a graphical display of a map of a plurality of regions derived from the sensed electrophysiological activity information, each region of the plurality of regions indicating a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set; display, via the input-output device system and in a first state of the graphical representation, a first representative electrogram set derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions; identify a selection of at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set; and cause, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the selection of the at least part of the first representative electrogram set, an altering of the first state of the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a previously excluded or non-included electrogram set derived from a corresponding subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the particular region of the plurality of regions, the previously excluded or non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the selection of the at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set.

[0047] In some embodiments, in the first state of the displayed graphical representation and for each respective region of the plurality of regions, a respective representative electrogram set derived from a respective subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information may be displayed as associated with the respective region, where the respective representative electrogram set may include less than all electrograms available from the sensed electrophysiological activity information for the respective region. In some embodiments, the respective representative electrogram set may be derived from a median or mean of a plurality of value sets associated with the respective subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information. In some embodiments, for each respective representative electrogram set, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to identify a respective selection of at least part of the displayed respective representative electrogram set; and cause, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the respective selection of the at least part of the respective representative electrogram set, the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a particular previously excluded or nonincluded electrogram set derived from at least part of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the respective region of the plurality of regions, the particular previously excluded or non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the respective selection of the at least part of the displayed respective representative electrogram set. In some embodiments, each respective region of the plurality of regions may be displayed at least in the first state of the graphical representation with a respective visual characteristic set that visually distinguishes the respective region from all other regions of the plurality of regions. In some embodiments, each respective visual characteristic set is a unique color compared to all other of the respective visual characteristic sets, such that all respective visual characteristic sets have a different color at least in the first state of the graphical representation. In some embodiments, each respective representative electrogram set may be displayed at least in the first state of the graphical representation as including a color that corresponds to the unique color of the respective visual characteristic set of the respective region associated with the respective representative electrogram set.

[0048] According to some embodiments, a medical system may be summarized as including a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to receive user input via the input-output device system, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers; and cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received user input, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set.

[0049] According to some embodiments, a medical system may be summarized as including a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to identify a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity. The representative electrogram may be identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms. The at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms. The first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system. The first electrophysiological activity information may be recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location, and each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms may be associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

[0050] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of a second electrogram set other than the representative electrogram but from the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms from which the representative electrogram is at least machine selected or machine derived. The second electrogram set may be displayed with a third visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set. In some embodiments, the third visual characteristic set is different than the second visual characteristic set. In some embodiments, the representative electrogram displayed with the first visual characteristic set may be displayed in an overlapping arrangement with the second electrogram set, which is displayed with the third visual characteristic set. In some embodiments, the overlapping arrangement is enabled via a user selection of a corresponding option in a graphical user interface.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first electrogram set may include the representative electrogram, such that the representative electrogram is displayed at least twice at a same time.

[0052] In some embodiments, each electrogram of the first electrogram set may be associated with a different heartbeat of the multiple heartbeats.

[0053] In some embodiments, the representative electrogram may be machine derived from the multiple electrograms of the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms. In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to machine select or machine derive the representative electrogram from the multiple electrograms based at least on a respective average or percentile of each of one or more waveform parameters of the multiple electrograms. In some embodiments, the one or more waveform parameters may include multiple waveform parameters. In some embodiments, the one or more waveform parameters may include (a) peak-to-peak voltage, (b) local activation time, or (a) and (b). In some embodiments, the multiple electrograms may include particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms, and the particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a same transducer in the first transducer set. In some embodiments, the multiple electrograms may include particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms, and the particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by multiple transducers in the first transducer set.

[0054] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of a map of at least a portion of the bodily cavity including a map location corresponding to the tissue surface location; and identify, via a particular selection, the map location, which corresponds to the tissue surface location. In some embodiments, the particular selection may be a user selection received via the input-output device system. In some embodiments, the particular selection may be a particular machine selection, and the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to perform the particular machine selection of the map location, which corresponds to the tissue surface location.

[0055] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of a map of at least a portion of the bodily cavity; receive, via the input-output device system, a user selection of a first map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity, the first map location corresponding to a spatial location in the bodily cavity; and identify, before identifying the representative electrogram, a second map location that corresponds to the tissue surface location, the second map location identified due at least to the tissue surface location being a particular physical distance from the spatial location corresponding to the first map location. In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, concurrent display of (a) the user selected first map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity with a third visual characteristic set, and (b) the identified second map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity with a fourth visual characteristic set different than the third visual characteristic set.

[0056] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to determine the first transducer set as being within a determined radius from the tissue surface location.

[0057] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to perform the identification of the representative electrogram at least in response to a determination that the first electrophysiological activity information was recorded by the first transducer set in a state in which the first transducer set exhibited sufficient transducer-to-tissue contact.

[0058] In some embodiments, the data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to determine each electrogram in the multiple electrograms as having a minimum voltage amplitude or reliable local activation time.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first transducer set, which recorded the first electrophysiological activity information, may include multiple transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first electrogram set displayed with the second visual characteristic set may exclude the representative electrogram, which is displayed with the first visual characteristic set.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first plurality of electrograms may include bipolar electrograms.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first plurality of electrograms may include unipolar electrograms.

[0063] According to some embodiments, a medical system may be summarized as including a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to identify a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity. The representative electrogram may be identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms. The at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms. The first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system. The first electrophysiological activity information may be recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set. The data processing device system may be configured by the program at least to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms. The first electrogram set may be displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

[0064] Various embodiments of the present invention may include systems, devices, or machines that are or include combinations or subsets of any one or more of the systems, devices, or machines and associated features thereof summarized above or otherwise described herein (which should be deemed to include the figures).

[0065] Further, all or part of any one or more of the systems, devices, or machines summarized above or otherwise described herein or combinations or sub-combinations thereof may implement or execute all or part of any one or more of the processes or methods described herein or combinations or sub-combinations thereof.

[0066] For example, in some embodiments, a method may be executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient, and the method including receiving, via the input-output device system, input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; causing, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receiving, via the input-output device system, first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers; accessing, via the memory device system, second information indicating a patient axis of the patient; and causing, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis.

[0067] In some embodiments, a method may be executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method including receiving, via the input-output device system, input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; identifying an electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicated by at least part of the received input; causing, via the inputoutput device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receiving, via the inputoutput device system, first information indicating a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; and causing, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate a positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

[0068] In some embodiments, a method may be executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method including receiving, via the input-output device system, input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; causing, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation, the graphical representation including a graphical display of a map of a plurality of regions derived from the sensed electrophysiological activity information, each region of the plurality of regions indicating a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set; displaying, via the input-output device system and in a first state of the graphical representation, a first representative electrogram set derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions; identifying a selection of at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set; and causing, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the selection of the at least part of the first representative electrogram set, an altering of the first state of the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a previously excluded or non-included electrogram set derived from a corresponding subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the particular region of the plurality of regions, the previously excluded or nonincluded electrogram set not displayed just prior to the selection of the at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set.

[0069] In some embodiments, a method may be executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method including receiving user input via the input-output device system, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers; and causing, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received user input, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set.

[0070] In some embodiments, a method may be executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method including identifying a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms. The at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms. The first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system. The first electrophysiological activity information may be recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location. Each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms may be associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats. The method includes causing display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set. And, the method includes causing, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms. The first electrogram set may be displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set. In some embodiments, a method may be executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method including identifying a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms. The at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms. The first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system. The first electrophysiological activity information may be recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location. The method includes causing display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set. And, the method includes causing, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms. The first electrogram set may be displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

[0071] It should be noted that various embodiments of the present invention include variations of the methods or processes summarized above or otherwise described herein (which should be deemed to include the figures) and, accordingly, are not limited to the actions described or shown in the figures or their ordering, and not all actions shown or described are required according to various embodiments. According to various embodiments, such methods may include more or fewer actions and different orderings of actions. Any of the features of all or part of any one or more of the methods or processes summarized above or otherwise described herein may be combined with any of the other features of all or part of any one or more of the methods or processes summarized above or otherwise described herein.

[0072] In addition, a computer program product may be provided that includes program code portions for performing some or all of any one or more of the methods or processes and associated features thereof described herein, when the computer program product is executed by a computer or other computing device or device system. Such a computer program product may be stored on one or more computer-readable storage mediums, also referred to as one or more computer-readable data storage mediums or a computer-readable storage medium system. For example, in some embodiments, one or more computer-readable storage mediums store a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient, and the program including first reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; second reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers; access instructions configured to cause accessing, via a memory device system, of second information indicating a patient axis of the patient; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis.

[0073] In some embodiments, one or more computer-readable storage mediums store a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program including first reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; identification instructions configured to cause identification of an electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicated by at least part of the received input; display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; second reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of first information indicating a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate a positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

[0074] In some embodiments, one or more computer-readable storage mediums store a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program including reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; first display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation, the graphical representation including a graphical display of a map of a plurality of regions derived from the sensed electrophysiological activity information, each region of the plurality of regions indicating a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set; second display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in a first state of the graphical representation, display of a first representative electrogram set derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions; identification instructions configured to cause identification of a selection of at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the selection of the at least part of the first representative electrogram set, an altering of the first state of the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a previously excluded or non-included electrogram set derived from a corresponding subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the particular region of the plurality of regions, the previously excluded or non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the selection of the at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set.

[0075] In some embodiments, one or more computer-readable storage mediums store a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program including reception instructions configured to cause reception of user input via the input-output device system, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received user input, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set.

[0076] In some embodiments, one or more computer-readable storage mediums store a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program including identification instructions configured to cause identification of a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity. The representative electrogram may be identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms. The at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms. The first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system. The first electrophysiological activity information may be recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location. Each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms may be associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats. The program includes first display instructions configured to cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set. And, the program includes second display instructions configured to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms. The first electrogram set may be displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

[0077] In some embodiments, one or more computer-readable storage mediums store a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system including a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program including identification instructions configured to cause identification of a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity. The representative electrogram may be identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms. The at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms. The first plurality of electrograms may be based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system. The first electrophysiological activity information may be recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location. The program includes first display instructions configured to cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set. And, the program includes second display instructions configured to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms. The first electrogram set may be displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

[0078] In some embodiments, each of any of one or more or all of the computer-readable storage mediums or medium systems (also referred to as processor-accessible memory device systems) described herein is a non-transitory computer-readable (or processor-accessible) storage medium or medium system (or memory device system) including or consisting of one or more non-transitory computer-readable (or processor-accessible) storage mediums (or memory devices) storing the respective program(s) which may configure a data processing device system to execute some or all of any of one or more of the methods or processes described herein.

[0079] Further, any of all or part of one or more of the methods or processes and associated features thereof discussed herein may be implemented or executed on or by all or part of a device system, apparatus, or machine, such as all or a part of any of one or more of the systems, apparatuses, or machines described herein or a combination or sub-combination thereof.

[0080] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0081] It is to be understood that the attached drawings are for purposes of illustrating aspects of various embodiments and may include elements that are not to scale.

[0082] FIG. 1 includes a schematic representation of a transducer-activation system according to various example embodiments, the transducer-activation system including a data processing device system, an input-output device system, and a memory device system.

[0083] FIG. 2 includes a cutaway diagram of a heart showing a transducer-based device percutaneously placed in a left atrium of the heart, according to various example embodiments. FIG. 3A includes a partially schematic representation of a medical system according to various example embodiments, the medical system including a data processing device system, an input-output device system, a memory device system, and a transducer-based device including a plurality of transducers and an expandable structure shown in a delivery or unexpanded configuration.

[0084] FIG. 3B includes the representation of the medical system of FIG. 3A with the expandable structure shown in a deployed or expanded configuration, according to some embodiments.

[0085] FIG. 4 includes a schematic representation of a transducer-based device that includes a flexible circuit structure, according to various example embodiments.

[0086] FIGS. 5 A and 5B include block diagrams of various methods for electrogram determination, according to some embodiments.

[0087] FIG. 6A illustrates a graphical representation of transducers and electrograms, according to various embodiments.

[0088] FIG. 6B illustrates a graphical representation of transducers and electrograms, the electrograms arranged with respect to a patient axis extension direction, according to various embodiments.

[0089] FIG. 7 illustrates a graphical representation of transducers and electrograms, the electrograms arranged with respect to an electrophysiological activity propagation direction, according to various embodiments.

[0090] FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate a graphical representation of transducers and electrograms, each electrogram representing a respective region including a plurality of transducers in the state of FIG. 8, and, in the state of FIG. 9, an additional electrogram set is provided to expand the number of electrograms representing at least one of the respective regions, according to various embodiments.

[0091] FIG. 10 includes a block diagram of various methods for electrogram determination, according to some embodiments.

[0092] FIG. 11 illustrates a graphical representation of electrograms and a map of at least a portion of a bodily cavity, the electrograms arranged with respect to an electrophysiological activity propagation direction, according to various embodiments.

[0093] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] The above-discussed need in the art is addressed and technical solutions are achieved according to various embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, an efficient presentation of electrograms is provided. For instance, in some embodiments, electrograms are determined and visually presented or their visual prominence is increased in a manner consistent with an extension direction of a patient axis to, among other possibilities and benefits, assist a user or physician with understanding the electrogram information concurrently with the context of the anatomical orientation of the catheter or transducer-based device.

[0095] In some embodiments, electrograms are determined and visually presented or their visual prominence is increased in a manner consistent with an electrophysiological information propagation direction through the bodily cavity in which the catheter or transducer-based device resides. Such a configuration allows, among other possibilities and benefits, the user or physician to efficiently see electrophysiological activity sequencing trends through the electrograms. For instance, the electrograms are recordings of the electrical signal associated with a heartbeat, and by visually presenting the electrograms in a manner consistent with the sequence in which such signal is recorded by the electrograms, the user or physician is able to efficiently see the propagation of that signal through the heart through the electrograms, according to some embodiments. With such a configuration, the user or physician is able to efficiently review the electrograms, e.g., to, among other things, determine treatment efficacy, anatomical function, and proximity of the electrogram recording locations to the treatment area.

[0096] In some embodiments, a representative electrogram set is determined and visually presented or its visual prominence is increased as representative of a particular region of a graphical display of a map. For instance, the particular region of the graphical display of a map may represent a plurality of transducers, and the representative electrogram set may include fewer electrograms than there are transducers in that plurality of transducers, although the representative electrogram set may be determined based on an analysis of electrograms recorded by all of the plurality of transducers, according to some embodiments. With such a configuration, the user or physician, among other possibilities and benefits, is able to view representative electrograms instead of having to review all possible electrograms, thereby reducing the possibility of information overload on the user or physician. In some embodiments, for instance, if the user or physician wants to review additional electrograms for the particular region, the user or physician may indicate so via a user interface, thereby causing display of one or more additional electrograms for at least that particular region. With such a configuration, the user or physician, among other possibilities and benefits, is able to efficiently control how much electrogram information is displayed, e.g., on a region-by-region basis.

[0097] In some embodiments, graphical labeling of a transducer set (e.g., graphical labeling of a graphical representation of a transducer set) is added or altered in response to a user prioritization (also referred to as a user-specified prioritization) of the transducer set. The user prioritization of the transducer set may be a user indication to prioritize the transducer set with respect to an extension direction of a patient axis (e.g., as described above and otherwise herein), with respect to an electrophysiological activity propagation direction (e.g., as described above and otherwise herein), with respect to a map region (e.g., as described above and otherwise herein), or with respect to some other user-specified prioritization, according to various embodiments. In this regard, e.g., if the user prioritization is with respect to an extension direction of a patient axis, the graphical labeling of the transducer set may indicate each transducer’s relative closeness to the extension direction of the patient axis in some embodiments, and, in some embodiments, the graphical labeling may correspond to or match a graphical labeling of the corresponding electrograms that are displayed in the manner consistent with the extension direction of the patient axis. With such a configuration, the user or physician, among other possibilities and benefits, is able to efficiently view the transducers according to the user-specified prioritization, e.g., at least as described above and otherwise herein with respect to the corresponding electrograms, in some embodiments.

[0098] It should be noted that various embodiments of the invention are not limited to these features and benefits, which are referred to for purposes of illustration only, and additional and alternative features and benefits will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with reference to the figures.

[0099] In this regard, in the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced at a more general level without these details. In other instances, well-known structures have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of various embodiments of the invention.

[0100] Any reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “an example embodiment”, “an illustrated embodiment”, “a particular embodiment”, and the like means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, any appearance of the phrase “in one embodiment”, “in an embodiment”, “in an example embodiment”, “in this illustrated embodiment”, “in this particular embodiment”, or the like in this specification is not necessarily always referring to one embodiment or a same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics of different embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner to form one or more other embodiments. In one embodiment, all references to “some embodiments” may refer to the same single embodiment.

[0101] Unless otherwise explicitly noted or required by context, the word “or” is used in this disclosure in a non-exclusive sense. In addition, unless otherwise explicitly noted or required by context, the word “set” is intended to mean one or more. For example, the phrase “a set of objects” means one or more of the objects. In some embodiments, the word “subset” is intended to mean a set having the same or fewer elements of those present in the subset’s parent or superset. In other embodiments, the word “subset” is intended to mean a set having fewer elements of those present in the subset’s parent or superset. In this regard, when the word “subset” is used, some embodiments of the present invention utilize the meaning that “subset” has the same or fewer elements of those present in the subset’s parent or superset, and other embodiments of the present invention utilize the meaning that “subset” has fewer elements of those present in the subset’s parent or superset.

[0102] Further, the phrase “at least” is or may be used herein at times merely to emphasize the possibility that other elements may exist besides those explicitly listed. However, unless otherwise explicitly noted (such as by the use of the term “only”) or required by context, nonusage herein of the phrase “at least” nonetheless includes the possibility that other elements may exist besides those explicitly listed. For example, the phrase ‘based at least on A’ includes A as well as the possibility of one or more other additional elements besides A. In the same manner, the phrase ‘based on A’ includes A, as well as the possibility of one or more other additional elements besides A. However, the phrase ‘based only on A’ includes only A. Similarly, the phrase ‘configured at least to A’ includes a configuration to perform A, as well as the possibility of one or more other additional actions besides A. In the same manner, the phrase ‘configured to A’ includes a configuration to perform A, as well as the possibility of one or more other additional actions besides A. However, the phrase ‘configured only to A’ means a configuration to perform only A.

[0103] The word “device”, the word “machine”, the word “system”, and the phrase “device system” all are intended to include one or more physical devices or sub-devices (e.g., pieces of equipment) that interact to perform one or more functions, regardless of whether such devices or sub-devices are located within a same housing or different housings. However, it may be explicitly specified according to various embodiments that a device or machine or device system resides entirely within a same housing to exclude embodiments where the respective device, machine, system, or device system resides across different housings. The word “device” may equivalently be referred to as a “device system” in some embodiments, and the word “system” may equivalently be referred to as a “device system” in some embodiments.

[0104] Further, the phrase “in response to” may be used in this disclosure. For example, this phrase may be used in the following context, where an event A occurs in response to the occurrence of an event B. In this regard, such phrase includes, for example, that at least the occurrence of the event B causes or triggers or is a necessary precondition for the event A, according to various embodiments.

[0105] In some embodiments, the word “adjacent”, the word “proximate”, and the like refer at least to a sufficient closeness between the objects or events defined as adjacent, proximate, or the like, to allow the objects or events to interact in a designated way. For example, in the case of physical objects, if object A performs an action on an adjacent or proximate object B, objects A and B would have at least a sufficient closeness to allow object A to perform the action on object B. In this regard, some actions may require contact between the associated objects, such that if object A performs such an action on an adjacent or proximate object B, objects A and B would be in contact, for example, in some instances or embodiments where object A needs to be in contact with object B to successfully perform the action. In some embodiments, the word “adjacent”, the word “proximate”, and the like additionally or alternatively refer to objects or events that do not have another substantially similar object or event between them. For example, object or event A and object or event B could be considered adjacent or proximate (e.g., physically or temporally) if they are immediately next to each other (with no other object or event between them) or are not immediately next to each other but no other object or event that is substantially similar to object or event A, object or event B, or both objects or events A and B, depending on the embodiment, is between them. In the context of electrodes, discussed at various points in this description, two electrodes may be considered adjacent, in some embodiments, when the two electrodes have no other electrodes between them that is the same in function to any of the two electrodes (e.g., the electrodes are tissue ablation electrodes). In some embodiments, the word “adjacent”, the word “proximate”, and the like additionally or alternatively refer to at least a sufficient closeness between the objects or events defined as adjacent, proximate, and the like, the sufficient closeness being within a range that does not place any one or more of the objects or events into a different or dissimilar region or time period, or does not change an intended function of any one or more of the objects or events or of an encompassing object or event that includes a set of the objects or events. Different embodiments of the present invention adopt different ones or combinations of the above definitions. Of course, however, the word “adjacent”, the word “proximate”, and the like are not limited to any of the above example definitions, according to some embodiments. In addition, the word “adjacent” and the word “proximate” do not have the same definition, according to some embodiments.

[0106] The phrase “pulsed field ablation” (“PF A”) as used in this disclosure refers, in some embodiments, to an ablation method that employs high voltage pulse delivery in a monopolar or bipolar fashion in proximity to target tissue. In some embodiments, each high voltage pulse may be referred to as a discrete energy application. In some embodiments, a grouped plurality of high voltages pulses may be referred to as a discrete energy application. Each high voltage pulse can be a monophasic pulse including a single polarity, or a biphasic pulse including a first component having a first particular polarity and a second component having a second particular polarity opposite the first particular polarity. In some embodiments, the second component of the biphasic pulse follows immediately after the first component of the biphasic pulse. In some embodiments, the first and second components of the biphasic pulse are temporally separated by a relatively small time interval. In some embodiments, each high voltage pulse may include a multiphasic pulse, such as a triphasic pulse, that includes a first component having a first particular polarity, a second component having a second particular polarity opposite the first particular polarity, and a third component having a third particular polarity that is the same as the first particular polarity. The electric field applied by the high voltage pulses in PFA physiologically changes the tissue cells to which the energy is applied (e.g., puncturing or perforating the cell membrane to form various pores therein). If a lower field strength is established, the formed pores may close in time and cause the cells to maintain viability (e.g., a process sometimes referred to as reversible electroporation). If the field strength that is established is greater, then permanent, and sometimes larger, pores form in the tissue cells, the pores allowing loss of control of ion concentration gradients (both inward and outward) thereby resulting in cell death (e.g., a process sometimes referred to as irreversible electroporation).

[0107] According to some embodiments, the word “fluid” as used in this disclosure should be understood to include any fluid that can be contained within a bodily cavity or can flow into or out of, or both into and out of a bodily cavity via one or more bodily openings positioned in fluid communication with the bodily cavity. In the case of cardiac applications, fluid such as blood will flow into and out of various intracardiac cavities (e.g., a left atrium or a right atrium).

[0108] According to some embodiments, the words “bodily opening” as used in this disclosure should be understood to include a naturally occurring bodily opening or channel or lumen; a bodily opening or channel or lumen formed by an instrument or tool using techniques that can include, but are not limited to, mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and exposure or illumination techniques; a bodily opening or channel or lumen formed by trauma to a body; or various combinations of one or more of the above. Various elements having respective openings, lumens, or channels and positioned within the bodily opening (e.g., a catheter sheath) may be present in various embodiments. These elements may provide a passageway through a bodily opening for various devices employed in various embodiments.

[0109] The words “bodily cavity” as used in this disclosure should be understood to mean a cavity in a body, in some embodiments. The bodily cavity may be a cavity or chamber provided in a bodily organ (e.g., an intracardiac cavity of a heart).

[0110] The word “tissue” as used in some embodiments in this disclosure should be understood to include any surface-forming tissue that is used to form a surface of a body or a surface within a bodily cavity, a surface of an anatomical feature or a surface of a feature associated with a bodily opening positioned in fluid communication with the bodily cavity. The tissue can include part, or all, of a tissue wall or membrane that defines a surface of the bodily cavity. In this regard, the tissue can form an interior surface of the cavity that surrounds a fluid within the cavity. In the case of cardiac applications, tissue can include tissue used to form an interior surface of an intracardiac cavity such as a left atrium or a right atrium. In some embodiments, the word tissue can refer to a tissue having fluidic properties (e.g., blood) and may be referred to as fluidic tissue.

[0111] According to some embodiments, the term “transducer” as used in this disclosure should be interpreted broadly as any device capable of transmitting or delivering energy, distinguishing between fluid and tissue, sensing temperature, creating heat, ablating tissue, sensing, sampling or measuring electrical activity of a tissue surface (e.g., sensing, sampling or measuring intracardiac electrograms, or sensing, sampling or measuring intracardiac voltage data), stimulating tissue, providing location information (e.g., in conjunction with a navigation system), or any combination thereof. A transducer may convert input energy of one form into output energy of another form. Without limitation, a transducer may include an electrode that functions as, or as part of, a sensing device included in the transducer, an energy delivery device included in the transducer, or both a sensing device and an energy delivery device included in the transducer. A transducer may be constructed from several parts, which may be discrete components or may be integrally formed. In this regard, although transducers, electrodes, or both transducers and electrodes are referenced with respect to various embodiments, it is understood that other transducers or transducer elements may be employed in other embodiments. It is understood that a reference to a particular transducer in various embodiments may also imply a reference to an electrode, as an electrode may be part of the transducer as shown, e.g., at least with FIG. 4 discussed below.

[0112] The term “activation” as used in this disclosure, according to some embodiments, should be interpreted broadly as making active a particular function as related to various transducers disclosed in this disclosure. Particular functions may include, but are not limited to, tissue ablation (e.g., PFA or thermal ablation such as RF), sensing, sampling, or measuring electrophysiological activity (e.g., sensing, sampling, or measuring intracardiac electrogram information, or sensing, sampling, or measuring intracardiac voltage data), sensing, sampling, or measuring temperature, and sensing, sampling, or measuring electrical characteristics (e.g., tissue impedance or tissue conductivity). For example, in some embodiments, activation of a tissue ablation function of a particular transducer is initiated by causing energy sufficient for tissue ablation from an energy source device system to be delivered to the particular transducer. Also, in this example, the activation can last for a duration of time concluding when the ablation function is no longer active, such as when energy sufficient for the tissue ablation is no longer provided to the particular transducer. In some contexts and embodiments, however, the word “activation” can merely refer to the initiation of the activating of a particular function, as opposed to referring to both the initiation of the activating of the particular function and the subsequent duration in which the particular function is active. In these contexts, the phrase or a phrase similar to “activation initiation” may be used.

[0113] The term “electrogram” as used in this disclosure refers to, in some embodiments, a display of information indicating the electrical potentials of a tissue (e.g., the heart) at localized positions within the body. Typically, electrograms are recorded by transducers (e.g., electrodes) placed directly within a body instead of on an exterior surface of the body. According to various embodiments, the recorded electrograms are graphically displayed in a graphical representation. For example, an electrogram may be displayed as a signal or tracing representing the electrical potentials within the body. In cardiac electrophysiological studies, various electrogram recordings (e.g., unipolar, bipolar, or omnipolar) are used to identify the sequence of activation of electrophysiological activity within the heart. Such recordings can lead to the identification of critical areas of an arrhythmia circuit which can then be the target for ablation.

[0114] The term “electrocardiogram” as used in this disclosure refers to, in some embodiments, a display of information providing an interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over a time period. Electrocardiograms are detected by electrodes attached to an external or skin-based surface of the body. In this regard, unlike electrograms, electrocardiograms are generated transthoracically (i.e., across the thorax or chest). In the following description, some embodiments of the present invention may be implemented at least in part by a data processing device system, or a controller system, configured by a software program. Such a program may equivalently be implemented as multiple programs, and some, or all, of such software program(s) may be equivalently constructed in hardware. In this regard, reference to “a program” should be interpreted to include one or more programs.

[0115] According to some embodiments, the term “program” in this disclosure should be interpreted to include one or more programs including a set of instructions or modules that can be executed by one or more components in a system, such as a controller system or a data processing device system, in order to cause the system to perform one or more operations. The set of instructions or modules may be stored by any kind of memory device, such as those described subsequently with respect to the memory device system 130, 330, or both, shown in at least FIGS. 1 and 3. In addition, this disclosure may describe or similarly describe that the instructions or modules of a program are configured to cause the performance of an action. The phrase “configured to” in this context is intended to include, for example, at least (a) instructions or modules that are presently in a form executable by one or more data processing devices to cause performance of the action (e.g., in the case where the instructions or modules are in a compiled and unencrypted form ready for execution), and (b) instructions or modules that are presently in a form not executable by the one or more data processing devices, but could be translated into the form executable by the one or more data processing devices to cause performance of the action (e.g., in the case where the instructions or modules are encrypted in a non-executable manner, but through performance of a decryption process, would be translated into a form ready for execution). Such descriptions should be deemed to be equivalent to describing that the instructions or modules are configured to cause the performance of the action. The word “module” may be defined as a set of instructions. In some instances, this disclosure describes that the instructions or modules of a program perform a function. The word “program” and the word “module” may each be interpreted to include multiple sub-programs or multiple sub-modules, respectively. In this regard, reference to a program or a module may be considered to refer to multiple programs or multiple modules.

[0116] Further, it is understood that information or data may be operated upon, manipulated, or converted into different forms as it moves through various devices or workflows. In this regard, unless otherwise explicitly noted or required by context, it is intended that any reference herein to information or data or the like includes modifications to that information or data. For example, “data X” may be encrypted for transmission, and a reference to “data X” is intended to include both its encrypted and unencrypted forms, unless otherwise required or indicated by context. For another example, “image information Y” may undergo a noise filtering process, and a reference to “image information Y” is intended to include both the pre-processed form and the noise-filtered form, unless otherwise required or indicated by context. In other words, both the pre-processed form and the noise-filtered form are considered to be “image information Y”, unless otherwise required or indicated by context. In order to stress this point, the phrase “or a derivative thereof’ or the like may be used herein. Continuing the preceding example, the phrase “image information Y or a derivative thereof’ refers to both the pre-processed form and the noise-filtered form of “image information Y”, unless otherwise required or indicated by context, with the noise-filtered form potentially being considered a derivative of “image information Y”. However, non-usage of the phrase “or a derivative thereof’ or the like nonetheless includes derivatives or modifications of information or data unless otherwise explicitly noted or required by context.

[0117] In some embodiments, the phrase “graphical representation” used herein is intended to include a visual representation presented via a display device system and may include computergenerated text, graphics, animations, or one or more combinations thereof, which may include one or more visual representations originally generated, at least in part, by an image-capture device, such as computerized tomography (“CT”) scan images, magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) images, or images created from a navigation system (e.g., an electropotential navigation system or an electromagnetic navigation system), according to some embodiments. The graphical representation may include various entities depicted in a two-dimensional manner, in some embodiments. The graphical representation may include various entities depicted in a three-dimensional manner, in some embodiments. The graphical representation may include various entities depicted in a two-dimensional manner that are mapped from a three-dimensional space into a two-dimensional coordinate system, in some embodiments. The graphical representation may include other information, including recorded data, such as electrograms.

[0118] Example methods are described herein with respect to FIGS. 5A-5B and FIG. 10. Such figures include blocks associated with actions, computer-executable instructions, or both, according to various embodiments. It should be noted that the respective instructions associated with any such blocks therein need not be separate instructions and may be combined with other instructions to form a combined instruction set. The same set of instructions may be associated with more than one block. In this regard, the block arrangement shown in each of the method figures herein is not limited to an actual structure of any program or set of instructions or required ordering of method tasks, and such method figures, according to some embodiments, merely illustrate the tasks that instructions are configured to perform, for example, upon execution by a data processing device system in conjunction with interactions with one or more other devices or device systems.

[0119] Each of the phrases “derived from” or “derivation of’ or “derivation thereof’ or the like may be used herein, according to some embodiments, to mean to come from at least some part of a source, be created from at least some part of a source, or be developed as a result of a process in which at least some part of a source forms an input, according to various embodiments. For example, a data set derived from some particular portion of data may include at least some part of the particular portion of data, or may be created from at least part of the particular portion of data, or may be developed in response to a data manipulation process in which at least part of the particular portion of data forms an input. In some embodiments, a data set may be derived from a subset of the particular portion of data. In some embodiments, the particular portion of data is analyzed to identify a particular subset of the particular portion of data, and a data set is derived from the subset. In various ones of these embodiments, the subset may include some, but not all, of the particular portion of data. In some embodiments, changes in at least one part of a particular portion of data may result in changes in a data set derived at least in part from the particular portion of data.

[0120] In this regard, each of the phrases “derived from” or “derivation of’ or “derivation thereof’ or the like may be used herein merely to emphasize the possibility that such data or information may be modified or subject to one or more operations. For example, if a device generates first data for display, the process of converting the generated first data into a format capable of being displayed may alter the first data. This altered form of the first data may be considered a derivative or derivation of the first data. For instance, the first data may be a onedimensional array of numbers, but the display of the first data may be a color-coded bar chart representing the numbers in the array. For another example, if the above-mentioned first data is transmitted over a network, the process of converting the first data into a format acceptable for network transmission or understanding by a receiving device may alter the first data. As before, this altered form of the first data may be considered a derivative or derivation of the first data. For yet another example, generated first data may undergo a mathematical operation, a scaling, or a combining with other data to generate other data that may be considered derived from the first data. In this regard, it can be seen that data is commonly changing in form or being combined with other data throughout its movement through one or more data processing device systems, and any reference to information or data herein is intended in some embodiments to include these and like changes, regardless of whether or not the phrase “derived from” or “derivation of’ or “derivation thereof’ or the like is used in reference to the information or data. As indicated above, usage of the phrase “derived from” or “derivation of’ or “derivation thereof’ or the like merely emphasizes the possibility of such changes. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the usage, non-usage, addition of, or deletion of the phrase “derived from” or “derivation of’ or “derivation thereof’ or the like should have no impact on the interpretation of the respective data or information. For example, the above-discussed color-coded bar chart may be considered a derivative of the respective first data or may be considered the respective first data itself, whether or not the phrase “derived from” or “derivation of’ or “derivation thereof’ or the like is used, according to some embodiments.

[0121] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a portion of a transducer-activation system or controller system thereof 100 that may be employed to at least select, control, activate, or monitor a function or activation of a number of electrodes or transducers (e.g., ablation transducers configured to cause thermal ablation or ablation transducers configured to cause PF A), according to some embodiments. The system 100 includes a data processing device system 110, an input-output device system 120, and a processor-accessible memory device system 130. The processor-accessible memory device system 130 and the input-output device system 120 are communicatively connected to the data processing device system 110. According to some embodiments, various components such as data processing device system 110, input-output device system 120, and processor-accessible memory device system 130 form at least part of a controller system (e.g., controller system 324 shown in FIG. 3).

[0122] The data processing device system 110 includes one or more data processing devices that implement or execute, in conjunction with other devices, such as those in the system 100, various methods and functions described herein, including those described with respect to methods exemplified in FIGS. 5A-5B and FIG. 10. Each of the phrases “data processing device”, “data processor”, “processor”, “controller”, “computing device”, “computer” and the like is intended to include any data or information processing device, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a control circuit, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a mainframe computer, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, a cellular or smart phone, and any other device for processing data, managing data, or handling data, whether implemented with electrical, magnetic, optical, quantum, or biological components, or otherwise.

[0123] The memory device system 130 includes one or more processor-accessible memory devices configured to store one or more programs and information, including the program(s) and information needed to execute the methods or functions described herein, including those described with respect to FIGS. 5A-5B and FIG. 10. The memory device system 130 may be a distributed processor-accessible memory device system including multiple processor-accessible memory devices communicatively connected to the data processing device system 110 via a plurality of computers and / or devices. However, the memory device system 130 need not be a distributed processor-accessible memory system and, consequently, may include one or more processor-accessible memory devices located within a single data processing device or housing.

[0124] Each of the phrases “processor-accessible memory” and “processor-accessible memory device” and the like is intended to include any processor-accessible data storage device or medium, whether volatile or nonvolatile, electronic, magnetic, optical, or otherwise, including but not limited to, registers, hard disk drives, Compact Discs, DVDs, flash memories, ROMs, and RAMs. In some embodiments, each of the phrases “processor-accessible memory” and “processor-accessible memory device” is intended to include or be a processor-accessible (or computer-readable) data storage medium. In some embodiments, each of the phrases “processor-accessible memory” and “processor-accessible memory device” may include or may be a non-transitory processor-accessible (or computer-readable) data storage medium. In some embodiments, the processor-accessible memory device system 130 may include or may be a non-transitory processor-accessible (or computer-readable) data storage medium system. In some embodiments, the memory device system 130 may include or may be a non-transitory processor-accessible (or computer-readable) storage medium system or data storage medium system including or consisting of one or more non-transitory processor-accessible (or computer- readable) storage or data storage mediums.

[0125] The phrase “communicatively connected” is intended to include any type of connection, whether wired or wireless, between devices, data processors, or programs between which data may be communicated. Further, the phrase “communicatively connected” is intended to include a connection between devices or programs within a single data processor or computer, a connection between devices or programs located in different data processors or computers, and a connection between devices not located in data processors or computers at all. In this regard, although the memory device system 130 is shown separately from the data processing device system 110 and the input-output device system 120, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the memory device system 130 may be located completely or partially within the data processing device system 110 or the input-output device system 120. Further in this regard, although the input-output device system 120 is shown separately from the data processing device system 110 and the memory device system 130, one skilled in the art will appreciate that such system may be located completely or partially within the data processing system 110 or the memory device system 130, for example, depending upon the contents of the input-output device system 120. Further still, the data processing device system 110, the input-output device system 120, and the memory device system 130 may be located entirely within the same device or housing or may be separately located, but communicatively connected, among different devices or housings. In the case where the data processing device system 110, the input-output device system 120, and the memory device system 130 are located within the same device, the system 100 of FIG. 1 may be implemented by a single application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) in some embodiments.

[0126] The input-output device system 120 may include a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen, another computer, a processor-accessible memory device system, a network-interface card or network-interface circuitry, or any device or combination of devices from which a desired selection, desired information, instructions, or any other data is input to the data processing device system 110. The input-output device system 120 may include a user-activatable control system that is responsive to a user action. The user-activatable control system may include at least one control element that may be activated or deactivated on the basis of a particular user action. The input-output device system 120 may include any suitable interface for receiving information, instructions or any data from other devices and systems described in various ones of the embodiments. In this regard, the input-output device system 120 may include various ones of other systems described in various embodiments. For example, the input-output device system 120 may include at least a portion of a transducer-based device. The phrase “transducerbased device” or “transducer-based device system” is intended to include one or more physical systems that include various transducers. A tissue ablation (e.g., PFA or thermal ablation) device system that includes one or more transducers may be considered a transducer-based device or device system, according to some embodiments.

[0127] The input-output device system 120 also may include an image generating device system, a display device system, a speaker or audio output device system, a computer, a processor-accessible memory device system, a network-interface card or network-interface circuitry, or any device or combination of devices to which information, instructions, or any other data is output by the data processing device system 110. In this regard, the input-output device system 120 may include various other devices or systems described in various embodiments. The input-output device system 120 may include any suitable interface for outputting information, instructions, or data to other devices and systems described in various ones of the embodiments. If the input-output device system 120 includes a processor-accessible memory device, such memory device may, or may not, form part, or all, of the memory device system 130. The input-output device system 120 may include any suitable interface for outputting information, instructions, or data to other devices and systems described in various ones of the embodiments. In some embodiments, the input-output device system 120 may include a transducer-based device, as discussed above, and in some embodiments, the transducer-based device may act as a device or device system that provides information to, receives instructions or energy from, or both provides information to and receives instructions or energy from the data processing device system 110. In this regard, the input-output device system 120 may include various devices or systems described in various embodiments.

[0128] Various embodiments of transducer-based devices are described herein in this disclosure. Some of the described devices are tissue ablation (e.g., PFA or thermal ablation) devices that are percutaneously or intravascularly deployed. Some of the described devices are moveable between a delivery or unexpanded configuration (e.g., FIG. 3 A discussed below) in which a portion of the device is sized for passage through a bodily opening leading to a bodily cavity, and an expanded or deployed configuration (e.g., FIGS. 2 and 3B discussed below) in which the portion of the device has a size too large for passage through the bodily opening leading to the bodily cavity. An example of an expanded or deployed configuration, in some embodiments, is when the portion of the transducer-based device is in its intended-deployed-operational state, which may be inside the bodily cavity when, e.g., performing an intended therapeutic or diagnostic procedure for a patient, or which may be outside the bodily cavity when, e.g., performing testing, quality control, or other evaluation of the device. Another example of the expanded or deployed configuration, in some embodiments, is when the portion of the transducer-based device is being changed from the delivery configuration to the intended- deployed-operational state to a point where the portion of the device now has a size too large for passage through the bodily opening leading to the bodily cavity.

[0129] In some example embodiments, the device includes transducers that sense characteristics (e.g., convective cooling, permittivity, force) that distinguish between fluid, such as a fluidic tissue (e.g., blood), and tissue forming an interior surface of the bodily cavity. Such sensed characteristics can allow a medical system to map the cavity, for example, using positions of openings or ports into and out of the cavity to determine a position or orientation (e.g., pose), or both, of the portion of the device in the bodily cavity. In some example embodiments, the described systems employ a navigation system (e.g., navigation system 342 (also referred to as a catheter navigation system in some embodiments) illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B), such as an electro-anatomical mapping system including electromagnetic-based systems or electropotentialbased systems to determine a positioning of a portion of a device in a bodily cavity. U.S. Patent No. 11,918,303, issued March 5, 2024 (Moisa) describes such navigation systems, and such descriptions are hereby incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the navigation system (e.g., navigation system 342) utilizes three pairs of contact patches (e.g., electrodes) (e.g., pairs of contact patches 342x, 342y, and 342z illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B) that are placed externally on the patient in order to detect three-dimensional coordinates of an object in the patient’s body (e.g., at least part of the catheter device system 200, 300, 400). For instance, contact patch pair 342x may be placed near or along the flanks of the patient (e.g., under the patient’s armpits) in order to form an x-axis for location detection, contact patch pair 342y may have one contact patch placed relatively closer to the patient’s head and the other contact patch placed relatively closer to the patient’s groin to form a y-axis for location detection, and contact patch pair 342z may have one contact patch placed on the patient’s chest and the other contact patch placed on the patient’s back to form a z-axis for location detection. Additional axes may be provided in some embodiments. Each contact patch pair is associated with its own signal frequency compared to the other contact patch pairs, so that positions can be detected along each of the at least three axes associated with the catheter navigation system (e.g., navigation system 342) to provide a detection location in three-dimensional space.

[0130] In some example embodiments, the described transducer-based devices are part of a transducer-activation system capable of ablating tissue in a desired pattern within the bodily cavity using various techniques (e.g., via thermal ablation, PF A, etc., according to various embodiments).

[0131] In some example embodiments, the devices are capable of sensing various cardiac functions (e.g., electrophysiological activity including intracardiac voltages which form the basis of recorded electrograms according to some embodiments). In some example embodiments, the devices are capable of providing stimulation (e.g., electrical stimulation) to tissue within the bodily cavity. Electrical stimulation may include pacing.

[0132] FIG. 2 is a representation of a medical system including a transducer-based device 200 (which may also be referred to as a medical device or a catheter device system) useful in investigating or treating a bodily organ, for example, a heart 202, according to at least one example embodiment.

[0133] Transducer-based device 200 can be percutaneously or intravascularly inserted into a portion of the heart 202, such as an intracardiac cavity like left atrium 204. In this example, the transducer-based device 200 is part of a catheter 206 inserted via the inferior vena cava 208 and penetrating through a bodily opening in transatrial septum 210 from right atrium 212. (In this regard, transducer-based devices or device systems described herein that include a catheter may also be referred to as catheter devices, catheter-based devices, catheter device systems, or catheter-based device systems, according to various embodiments). In other embodiments, other paths may be taken.

[0134] Catheter 206 includes an elongated flexible rod or shaft member appropriately sized to be delivered percutaneously or intravascularly. Various portions of catheter 206 may be steerable. Catheter 206 may include one or more lumens. The lumen(s) may carry one or more communications or power paths, or both. For example, the lumens(s) may carry one or more electrical conductors 216 (two shown). Electrical conductors 216 provide electrical connections to transducer-based device 200 that are accessible externally from a patient in which the transducer-based device 200 is inserted.

[0135] Transducer-based device 200 includes a frame or structure 218 which assumes an unexpanded configuration for delivery to left atrium 204. Structure 218 is expanded (e.g., shown in a deployed or expanded configuration in FIG. 2) upon delivery to left atrium 204 to position a plurality of transducers 220 (three called out in FIG. 2) proximate the interior surface formed by tissue 222 of left atrium 204. In some embodiments, at least some of the transducers 220 are used to sense a physical characteristic of a fluid (e.g., blood) or tissue 222, or both, that may be used to determine a position or orientation (e.g., pose), or both, of a portion of a device 200 within, or with respect to left atrium 204. For example, transducers 220 may be used to determine a location of pulmonary vein ostia or a mitral valve 226, or both. In some embodiments, at least some of the transducers 220 may be used to selectively ablate portions of the tissue 222. For example, some of the transducers 220 may be used to ablate a pattern around the bodily openings, ports or pulmonary vein ostia, for instance to reduce or eliminate the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. In some embodiments, at least some of the transducers 220 are used to ablate cardiac tissue. In some embodiments, at least some of the transducers 220 are used to sense or sample intracardiac voltage data or sense or sample intracardiac electrogram data. In some embodiments, at least some of the transducers 220 are used to sense or sample intracardiac voltage data or sense or sample intracardiac electrogram data while at least some of the transducers 220 are concurrently ablating cardiac tissue. In some embodiments, at least one of the sensing or sampling transducers 220 is provided by at least one of the ablating transducers 220. In some embodiments, at least a first one of the transducers 220 senses or samples intracardiac voltage data or intracardiac electrogram data at a location at least proximate to a tissue location ablated by at least a second one of the transducers 220. In some embodiments, the first one of the transducers 220 is other than the second one of the transducers 220.

[0136] FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate a medical system (e.g., a portion thereof shown schematically) that includes a transducer-based device 300, which may also be referred to as a catheter device system, according to some embodiments. All or part of such catheter device system may be all or part of a tissue ablation system or sensing system, according to various embodiments. All or part of such catheter device system may be all or part of a medical system, such as system 100 shown in FIG. 1, according to various embodiments. As noted above, the controller 324 may be a particular implementation of the data processing device system 110 shown in FIG. 1.

[0137] The catheter device system 300 (or transducer-based device) may be the same as or similar to the catheter device system 200, although different sizes, numbers of transducers, or types of medical devices, such as balloon catheters, may be implemented. In this regard, catheter device system 300 includes a plurality of elongate members 304 (not all of the elongate members are called out in FIGS. 3 A and 3B) and a plurality of transducers 306 (not all of the transducers are called out in FIGS. 3A and 3B; some of the transducers 306 are called out in FIG. 3B as 306a, 306b, and 306c). FIG. 3A includes a representation of a portion of the catheter device system 300 in a delivery or unexpanded configuration. FIG. 3B includes a representation of a portion of the catheter device system 300 in an expanded or deployed configuration. It is noted that, for clarity of illustration, all of the elongate members shown in FIG. 3B are not represented in FIG. 3A. As will become apparent, the plurality of transducers 306 is positionable within a bodily cavity, such as with the catheter device system 200. For example, in some embodiments, the transducers 306 are able to be positioned in a bodily cavity by movement into, within, or into and within the bodily cavity, with or without a change in a configuration of the plurality of transducers 306. In some embodiments, the transducers of the plurality of transducers 306 are arranged to form a two- or three-dimensional distribution, grid or array of the transducers capable of mapping, ablating, or stimulating an inside surface of a bodily cavity or lumen without requiring mechanical scanning. As shown, for example, in FIG. 3 A, the plurality of transducers 306 are arranged in a distribution receivable in a bodily cavity. In FIGS. 3A and 3B, each of at least some of transducers 306 includes a respective electrode 315 (not all of the electrodes 315 are called out in FIGS. 3A and 3B).

[0138] The elongate members 304 are arranged in a frame or structure 308 that is selectively moveable between an unexpanded or delivery configuration (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A) and an expanded or deployed configuration (e.g., as shown in at least FIG. 3B) that may be configured to position elongate members 304 against a tissue surface within the bodily cavity or position the elongate members 304 in the vicinity of the tissue surface. In some embodiments, structure 308 has a size in the unexpanded or delivery configuration suitable for delivery through a bodily opening (e.g., via catheter sheath 312) to the bodily cavity. In various embodiments, catheter sheath 312 typically includes a length sufficient to allow the catheter sheath to extend between a location at least proximate a bodily cavity into which the structure 308 is to be delivered and a location outside a body including the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, structure 308 has a size in the expanded or deployed configuration too large for delivery through a bodily opening (e.g., via catheter sheath 312) to the bodily cavity. The elongate members 304 may form part of a flexible circuit structure (e.g., also known as a flexible printed circuit board (PCB) circuit, examples of which are described with respect to FIG. 4, below). The elongate members 304 may include a plurality of different material layers. Each of the elongate members 304 may include a plurality of different material layers. The structure 308 may include a shape memory material, for instance, Nitinol. The structure 308 may include a metallic material, for instance, stainless steel, or non-metallic material, for instance, polyimide, or both a metallic and non- metallic material by way of non-limiting example. The incorporation of a specific material into structure 308 may be motivated by various factors including the specific requirements of each of the unexpanded or delivery configuration and expanded or deployed configuration, the required position or orientation (e.g., pose), or both of structure 308 in the bodily cavity, the requirements for successful ablation of a desired pattern, or the effect that the material may have on electric or magnetic fields to be sensed by the device (e.g., by one or more transducers 306 or one or more magnetic field transducers).

[0139] FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevation view of at least a portion of a transducer-based device 400 that includes a flexible circuit structure 401 that is employed to provide a plurality of transducers 406 (two called out) according to an example embodiment. In some embodiments, the flexible circuit structure 401 may form part of a structure (e.g., structure 308) that is selectively moveable between a delivery configuration sized for percutaneous delivery and an expanded or deployed configuration sized too large for percutaneous delivery. In some embodiments, the flexible circuit structure 401 may be located on, or form at least part of, a structural component (e.g., elongate member 304) of a transducer-based device system.

[0140] The flexible circuit structure 401 can be formed by various techniques including flexible printed circuit techniques. In some embodiments, the flexible circuit structure 401 includes various layers including flexible layers 403a, 403b and 403c (e.g., collectively flexible layers 403). In some embodiments, each of flexible layers 403 includes an electrical insulator material (e.g., polyimide). One or more of the flexible layers 403 can include a different material than another of the flexible layers 403. In some embodiments, the flexible circuit structure 401 includes various electrically conductive layers 404a, 404b, and 404c (collectively electrically conductive layers 404) that are interleaved with the flexible layers 403. In some embodiments, each of the electrically conductive layers 404 is patterned to form various electrically conductive elements. For example, electrically conductive layer 404a is patterned to form a respective electrode 415 of each of the transducers 406. Electrodes 415 have respective electrode edges 415-1 that form a periphery of an electrically conductive surface associated with the respective electrode 415. It is noted that other electrodes employed in other embodiments may have electrode edges arranged to form different electrodes shapes (for example, as shown by electrode edges 315-1 in FIG. 3B).

[0141] Electrically conductive layer 404b is patterned, in some embodiments, to form respective temperature sensors 408 for each of the transducers 406 as well as various leads 410a arranged to provide electrical energy to the temperature sensors 408. In some embodiments, each temperature sensor 408 includes a patterned resistive member 409 (two called out) having a predetermined electrical resistance. In some embodiments, each resistive member 409 includes a metal having relatively high electrical conductivity characteristics (e.g., copper). In some embodiments, electrically conductive layer 404c is patterned to provide portions of various leads 410b arranged to provide an electrical communication path to electrodes 415. In some embodiments, leads 410b are arranged to pass through vias in flexible layers 403a and 403b to connect with electrodes 415. Although FIG. 4 shows flexible layer 403c as being a bottom-most layer, some embodiments may include one or more additional layers underneath flexible layer 403 c, such as one or more structural layers, such as a steel or composite layer. These one or more structural layers, in some embodiments, are part of the flexible circuit structure 401 and can be part of, e.g., elongate member 304. In some embodiments, the one or more structural layers may include at least one electrically conductive surface (e.g., a metallic surface) exposed to blood flow. In addition, although FIG. 4 shows only three flexible layers 403a-403c and only three electrically conductive layers 404a-404c, it should be noted that other numbers of flexible layers, other numbers of electrically conductive layers, or both, can be included.

[0142] In some embodiments, electrodes 415 are employed to selectively deliver ablation energy (e.g., thermal ablation energy or PFA energy) to various tissue structures within a bodily cavity (e.g., an intracardiac cavity or chamber). The energy delivered to the tissue structures may be sufficient for ablating portions of the tissue structures. The energy delivered to the tissue may be delivered to cause monopolar tissue ablation, bipolar tissue ablation or blended monopolar-bipolar tissue ablation by way of non-limiting example.

[0143] Energy that is sufficient for tissue ablation may be dependent upon factors including transducer location, size, shape, relationship with respect to another transducer or a bodily cavity, material or lack thereof between transducers, et cetera. For example, in RF ablation, a larger electrode (e.g., an electrode with a relatively large surface area) will achieve a given ablation depth sooner than a smaller electrode. Put differently, a maximum ablation depth of a relatively smaller electrode is typically shallower than that of a relatively larger electrode when ablating under the same control parameters as a relatively larger electrode.

[0144] In some embodiments, each electrode 415 is employed to sense or sample an electrical potential in the tissue proximate the electrode 415 at a same or different time than delivering energy sufficient for tissue ablation. In some embodiments, each electrode 415 is employed to sense or sample intracardiac voltage data in the tissue proximate the electrode 415. In some embodiments, each electrode 415 is employed to sense or sample data in the tissue proximate the electrode 415 from which an electrogram may be derived. In some embodiments, each resistive member 409 is positioned adjacent a respective one of the electrodes 415. In some embodiments, each of the resistive members 409 is positioned in a stacked or layered array with a respective one of the electrodes 415 to form a respective one of the transducers 406. In some embodiments, the resistive members 409 are connected in series to allow electrical current to pass through all of the resistive members 409. In some embodiments, leads 410a are arranged to allow for a sampling of electrical voltage in between resistive members 409. This arrangement allows for the electrical resistance of each resistive member 409 to be accurately measured. The ability to accurately measure the electrical resistance of each resistive member 409 may be motivated by various reasons including determining temperature values at locations at least proximate the resistive member 409 based at least on changes in the resistance caused by convective cooling effects (e.g., as provided by blood flow).

[0145] Referring to FIGS. 3A and 3B, catheter device system 300 can communicate with, receive power from, or be controlled by a transducer-activation device system 322 according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, at least part of the transducer-activation device system 322 represents one or more particular implementations of the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, elongate members 304 include transducers 306 that are communicatively connected to a data processing device system 310 via electrical connections running within elongate shaft member 314 that are communicatively connected to one or more of electrical leads 317 (e.g., control leads, data leads, power leads or any combination thereof) within elongated cable 316 (only a portion of which is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B to reveal other structures) terminating at a connector 321 or other interface. The transducer-activation device system 322 may include a controller 324 that includes the data processing device system 310 (e.g., which may be a particular implementation of data processing device system 110 from FIG. 1) and a memory device system 330 (e.g., which may be a particular implementation of the memory device system 130 from FIG. 1) that stores data and instructions that are executable by the data processing device system 310 to process information received from catheter device system 300 or to control operation of catheter device system 300, for example, activating various selected transducers 306 to ablate tissue and control a user interface (e.g., of inputoutput device system 320) according to various embodiments. Controller 324 may include one or more controllers.

[0146] Transducer-activation device system 322 includes an input-output device system 320 (e.g., which may be a particular implementation of the input-output device system 120 from FIG. 1) communicatively connected to the data processing device system 310 (e.g., via controller 324 in some embodiments). Input-output device system 320 may include a user- activatable control that is responsive to a user action. Input-output device system 320 may include one or more user interfaces or input / output (I / O) devices, for example, one or more display device systems 332, speaker device systems 334, one or more keyboards, one or more mice (e.g., mouse 335), one or more joysticks, one or more track pads, one or more touch screens or other transducers to transfer information to, from, or both to and from a user, for example a care provider such as a physician or technician. For example, output from a mapping process may be displayed by a display device system 332. Input-output device system 320 may include one or more user interfaces or input / output (I / O) devices, for example, one or more display device systems 332, speaker device systems 334, keyboards, mice, joysticks, track pads, touch screens or other transducers employed by a user to indicate a particular selection or series of selections of various graphical information. Input-output device system 320 may include a sensing device system 325 configured to detect various characteristics including, but not limited to, at least one of tissue characteristics (e.g., electrical characteristics (such as tissue impedance, electric potential of a tissue surface, or tissue conductivity), tissue type, or tissue thickness) and thermal characteristics, such as temperature. In this regard, the sensing device system 325 may include one, some, or all, of the transducers 306 (or 220 in FIG. 2 or 406 of FIG. 4) of the catheter device system 300, including the internal components of such transducers shown in FIG. 4, such as the electrodes 415 and temperature sensors 408. Input-output device system 320 may also include navigation system 342 (described above), which may provide navigation information (e.g., navigation information 505 in FIG. 5A) to the controller 324 or data processing device system 110, 310 indicating, e.g., in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system 300 (or catheter device system 200 (or 400 discussed below)) within the bodily cavity as well as an orientation of the bodily cavity from which various patient axes (discussed in more detail below) may be determined by the controller 324 or data processing device system 110, 310, according to various embodiments.

[0147] Transducer-activation device system 322 may also include an energy source device system 340 including one or more energy source devices connected to transducers 306. In this regard, although FIGS. 3A and 3B show a communicative connection between the energy source device system 340 and the controller 324 (and its data processing device system 310), the energy source device system 340 may also be connected to the transducers 306 via a communicative connection that is independent of the communicative connection with the controller 324 (and its data processing device system 310). For example, the energy source device system 340 may receive control signals via the communicative connection with the controller 324 (and its data processing device system 310), and, in response to such control signals, deliver energy to, receive energy from, or both deliver energy to and receive energy from one or more of the transducers 306 via a communicative connection with such transducers 306 (e.g., via one or more communication lines through catheter body or elongate shaft member 314, elongated cable 316 or catheter sheath 312) that does not pass through the controller 324. In this regard, the energy source device system 340 may provide results of its delivering energy to, receiving energy from, or both delivering energy to and receiving energy from one or more of the transducers 306 to the controller 324 (and its data processing device system 310) via the communicative connection between the energy source device system 340 and the controller 324.

[0148] The energy source device system 340 may, for example, be connected to various selected transducers 306 to selectively provide energy in the form of electrical current or power, light, low temperature fluid, or another form to the various selected transducers 306 to cause ablation of tissue. The energy source device system 340 may, for example, selectively provide energy in the form of electrical current to various selected transducers 306 and measure a temperature characteristic, an electrical characteristic, or both at a respective location at least proximate each of the various transducers 306. The energy source device system 340 may include various electrical current sources or electrical power sources as energy source devices. In some embodiments, an indifferent electrode 326 is provided to receive at least a portion of the energy transmitted by at least some of the transducers 306. Consequently, although not shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the indifferent electrode 326 may be communicatively connected to the energy source device system 340 via one or more communication lines in some embodiments. In addition, although shown separately in each of FIGS. 3 A and 3B, indifferent electrode 326 may be considered part of the energy source device system 340 in some embodiments. In various embodiments, indifferent electrode 326 is positioned on an external surface (e.g., a skin-based surface) of a body that includes the bodily cavity into which at least transducers 306 are to be delivered.

[0149] It is understood that input-output device system 320 may include other systems. In some embodiments, input-output device system 320 may optionally include energy source device system 340, catheter device system 300 or both energy source device system 340 and catheter device system 300 by way of non-limiting example. Input-output device system 320 may include the memory device system 330 in some embodiments.

[0150] In other example embodiments, other structures besides those shown in FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, and 4 may be employed to support or carry transducers of a transducer-based device such as a transducer-based catheter. For example, an elongated catheter member may be used to distribute the transducers in a linear or curvilinear array. Basket catheters or balloon catheters may be used to distribute the transducers in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional array.

[0151] FIGS. 5 A and 5B include respective data generation and flow diagrams, which may implement various embodiments of methods 500 by way of associated computer-executable instructions according to some example embodiments. Methods 500 are divided visually into a first part 500a shown in FIG. 5A followed by a second part 500b shown in FIG. 5B, such that methods 500 includes both the first part 500a and the second part 500b. In various example embodiments, a memory device system (e.g., memory device systems 130, 330) is communicatively connected to a data processing device system (e.g., data processing device systems 110 or 310, otherwise stated herein as “e.g., 110, 310”) and stores a program executable by the data processing device system to cause the data processing device system to execute various embodiments of methods 500 via interaction with at least, for example, a transducerbased device (e.g., transducer-based device 200, 300, or 400, in some embodiments). In these various embodiments, the program may include instructions configured to perform, or cause to be performed, various embodiments of methods 500.

[0152] In some embodiments, the methods 500 may include a subset of the associated blocks or may include additional blocks than those shown in FIGS. 5 A and 5B. For example, a particular one of methods 500 may adopt the actions of block 506d, a particular one of methods 500 may adopt the actions of block 506dl, a particular one of methods 500 may adopt the actions of block 506d and block 506dl, and a particular one of methods 500 may adopt other actions described herein other than those of block 506d and block 506dl. Blocks that have multiple arrows exiting the respective block (e.g., block 502) in FIGS. 5A and 5B are to be understood as the multiple arrows having a non-exclusive “OR” between them, unless otherwise required by context, according to some embodiments. For instance, in FIG. 5 A, block 502 immediately leads to both blocks 504 and 506. Accordingly, in some embodiments, methods 500 should be interpreted to include (a) methods where block 502 immediately leads to block 504, according to some embodiments, (b) methods where block 502 immediately leads to block 506, according to some embodiments, and (c) methods where block 502 immediately leads to both blocks 504 and 506, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the methods 500 may include different sequences than those indicated between various ones of the associated blocks shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. For instance, block 510, discussed in more detail below, pertains to storing second information. In this regard, computer-executable program instructions associated with block 510 may be executed, for example, any time earlier in the methods 500, according to various embodiments. In FIGS. 5A and 5B, some blocks residing within other blocks are illustrated in broken line. Such broken line blocks illustrate possible implementation details for their parent block, according to various embodiments. For instance, block 506 contains subblocks 506a, 506b, 506c, 506d, and 506dl, such that various embodiments of methods 500 may implement one or more or all of the implementation details associated with blocks 506a, 506b, 506c, 506d, 506dl as particular implementation details associated with block 506. However, the particular implementation details of each sub-block are merely examples according to various embodiments and, according to various embodiments, the particular implementation details of each sub-block is optional. For instance, in some embodiments, block 506 may be implemented without any of the implementation details of sub-blocks 506a, 506b, 506c, 506d, and 506dl. In this regard, the implementation details of all sub-blocks within a parent block are not exhaustive in some embodiments. For instance, in some embodiments, computer-executable program instructions associated with block 506 may be executed, for example, with particular implementation details other than those associated with sub-blocks 506a, 506b, 506c, 506d, and 506dl. The features recited by any block or sub-block are not intended to be exclusive, and the adopting of any recited features of any particular block in a particular embodiment does not prevent the inclusion of any other features, according to some embodiments, unless the features cannot work together (i.e., are mutually exclusive).

[0153] According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 502 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., reception instructions provided by a program) configured to cause a data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to receive input via an input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) of a catheter device system (e.g., catheter device system 200, 300, or 400), the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers. According to various embodiments, the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system are positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient. For example, the catheter device system may include a structure (e.g., structure 218 or 308) that is configured to support various transducers and to be deliverable to, or positionable within, a bodily cavity, thereby, e.g., being configured to place such transducers within the bodily cavity. According to various embodiments, each transducer of the at least some transducers or each transducer of the plurality of transducers is configured to ablate tissue and sense the electrophysiological activity information. For example, in some embodiments, each transducer of the at least some transducers or each transducer of the plurality of transducers is configured to transmit particular energy configured to cause pulsed field ablation of tissue. In some embodiments, each transducer of the at least some transducers or each transducer of the plurality of transducers is configured to transmit particular energy configured to cause thermal ablation of tissue. In some embodiments, each transducer of the at least some transducers or each transducer of the plurality of transducers may be configured to record a respective electrogram. For example, in some embodiments, each transducer of the at least some transducers or each transducer of the plurality of transducers may include an electrode (e.g., 315, 415), each electrode configured to (a) transmit tissue ablative energy, (b) record electrograms (e.g., as described above in this disclosure with respect to FIG. 4), or (a) and (b), according to various embodiments.

[0154] According to various embodiments, the transducers of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) may be individually selectable. According to various embodiments, various transducer sets of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) may be individually selectable. According to various embodiments, the transducers of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) may be individually addressable for identification for selection, ablation, or sensing. According to various embodiments, different parts of at least a portion of the catheter device system may be manipulable to, in turn, manipulate various ones of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) into various degrees of contact with a tissue wall within a patient’s body. According to various embodiments, each transducer of at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) may be configured at least to sense a degree of contact between the transducer and the tissue wall. In some embodiments, each particular transducer of at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers may be configured to sense or detect a degree or amount of transducer-to-tissue contact between at least a portion of the particular transducer and the tissue wall. Various methods may be executed to determine the degree or amount of transducer-to-tissue contact including, by way of non-limiting example, techniques including sensing impedance, sensing permittivity, sensing the presence or absence of flow of a fluid (e.g., a bodily fluid), or by sensing contact force or pressure. U.S. Patent No. 8,906,011, issued December 9, 2014 (Gelbart et al.), describes example transducer sensing techniques to sense tissue contact. In some embodiments, the tissue-contacting portion of the transducer itself directly senses the degree of tissue contact. In some embodiments, a portion of the transducer other than the tissuecontacting portion of the transducer is configured to sense the degree of contact between the tissue wall and the tissue-contacting portion of the transducer. In some embodiments, the tissuecontacting portion of the transducer is provided by an electrode.

[0155] According to some embodiments, at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400) may be configured to provide a plurality of contact signal sets to the controller 324 or its data processing device system 310. The plurality of contact signal sets may be referred to as degree of transducer-to-tissue contact information in some embodiments. In this regard, each contact signal set may provide or indicate a degree of transducer-to-tissue contact between each transducer (e.g., a transducer 220, 306, 406) and a tissue surface in the bodily cavity. According to various embodiments, the degree of transducer- to-tissue contact information may be communicated to a user (e.g., a health care practitioner) to assist the user in selecting the first transducer set from the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406). In this regard, the input-output device system 120, 320 may include any suitable interface for outputting information (e.g., transducer-to-tissue contact information), instructions, or data to other devices and systems described in various ones of the embodiments. In this regard, the input-output device system 120, 320 may include various other devices or systems described in various embodiments. In some embodiments, the input-output device system 120, 320 may include one or more display devices that display one or more of the graphical interfaces and graphical representations of FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7-9 (also referred to as FIGS. 6-9 for simplicity), and 11.

[0156] According to some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers and indicated by the received input per block 502 may take the form of electrogram information recorded by the at least some transducers.

[0157] According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 504 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., identification or determination instructions provided by a program) configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to identify or determine an electrophysiological activity propagation direction, e.g., based at least on an analysis of the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers per block 502. For example, as electrical activity generated by a heartbeat travels through the heart, such travel may be recorded (e.g., by the data processing device system 110, 310) as differences in timings of sensing one or more particular features of the heartbeat by multiple transducers sensing respective electrograms at respective locations in the heart. In this regard, the data processing device system may be configured to determine the various times that the various transducers sensed the one or more particular features of the heartbeat in order to determine an electrical activity propagation map for the heartbeat. With the differences in timings and such a map, the data processing device system may be configured to determine a direction in which the electrical activity propagated through the heart.

[0158] FIG. 7, discussed in more detail below, illustrates such a map 702 along with an identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction 704. In some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction may indicate a direction (e.g., direction 704) among the at least some transducers (e.g., the transducers graphically illustrated in graphical region 706 in FIG. 7), the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information (e.g., electrogram information) sensed by the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicates a direction (e.g., direction 704) among the at least some transducers (e.g., illustrated by the transducer graphical elements with underlined numbered labels 1-9 in graphical region 708 bounded by the broken line 708a in FIG. 7), the direction among the at least some transducers determined by the data processing device system at least in part from a local activation time determined from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by each of the at least some transducers per block 502.

[0159] According to various embodiments, the time of maximum rate of change in the electrogram voltage measured against cardiac tissue may be utilized as a definition of the time of activation, and it may correlate with the time of membrane depolarization of the underlying cardiac cells that represent the activation wavefront. Unipolar electrograms record the difference in electrical potential between one of the electrodes (e.g., transducer 306) within the heart and a reference electrode (e.g., indifferent electrode 326) typically positioned relatively far from the electrode within the heart. According to some embodiments, the maximum downslope of a unipolar electrogram may be utilized as an indicator of local tissue activation. Bipolar electrograms are recorded between two electrodes (e.g., transducers 306) positioned relatively close to one another within the heart. In some embodiments, bipolar electrograms typically contain mainly local electrical activity since they are typically recorded using differential amplifiers. In this manner, far-field signals can be attenuated. The selection of a local activation time indicator from a bipolar electrogram may vary according to various embodiments. For example, the minimum or maximum voltage of a bipolar complex may be employed according to some embodiments.

[0160] In some embodiments, the direction (e.g., direction 704) among the at least some transducers is through a region (e.g., represented by graphical region 708 in the example of FIG. 7) of a subset of transducers from the at least some transducers, the subset of transducers sensing the electrophysiological activity information that exhibits a higher signal quality than a minimum threshold signal quality among the at least some transducers. For instance, the transducer corresponding to transducer graphical element 610a in the example of FIG. 7 may have a poor signal quality (e.g., below a predetermined threshold in some embodiments) for the electrogram it sensed and, therefore, it may, for example, be excluded from the electrophysiological activity propagation direction determination per block 504. Consequently, the transducer corresponding to transducer graphical element 610a may be excluded from the subset of transducers (e.g., represented by transducer graphical elements having underlined labels 1-9 in the example of FIG. 7) whose sensed electrograms are of sufficient quality (e.g., signal strength above the predetermined threshold in some embodiments) in this example and, therefore, whose sensed electrograms are utilized to determine the electrophysiological activity propagation direction per block 504, in some embodiments.

[0161] According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 506 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., display instructions provided by a program) configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation. The graphical representation may include a display of a map, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the map may include a plurality of regions per block 506a in FIG. 5A. Such regions may include volumetric regions within a body (e.g., based on navigation information 505), tissue regions of a tissue surface of a bodily cavity (e.g., based on transducer-to-tissue contact information sensed by the transducers), or both volumetric regions within a bodily cavity and tissue regions of a tissue surface, according to some embodiments. FIGS. 6A and 6B, discussed in more detail below, show a graphical display of a map 602 showing a volumetric region 602a within a bodily cavity and a tissue region 602b exhibiting transducer-to-tissue contact, according to some embodiments. FIG. 9, discussed in more detail below, shows regions 904a, 904b, 904c, each associated with a plurality of transducers of a catheter device system.

[0162] In some embodiments, the map includes a transducer map 602d of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, or 400)) per block 506b in FIG. 5A. In some embodiments, the graphical representation may include a display of a graphical labeling set, such as graphical labels identifying transducers in a transducer map. In some embodiments, the graphical representation may include a display of at least part of an electrogram set per block 506d. In some embodiments, the at least part of the electrogram set may include a first representative electrogram set, at least in a first state of the graphical representation, per block 506dl. In some embodiments, the first representative electrogram set may be derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information (e.g., received per block 502 in FIG. 5 A) associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions (e.g., such regions referred to in block 506a).

[0163] For instance, FIGS. 6-9 and 11 show, according to some embodiments, an example of a graphical representation 600 (or graphical interface since it may be configured to receive user input in some embodiments) in various states that may be displayed, according to some embodiments, as per block 506 of methods 500 and per blocks 1002 and 1008 of methods 1000. According to some embodiments, each of FIGS. 6-9 and 11 includes a first portion 600a and a second portion 600b of the graphical representation 600. The first portion 600a of the graphical representation 600 depicts a display of a map, e.g., of a bodily cavity, and the second portion 600b of the displayed graphical representation 600 displays, among other things, a plurality of electrograms which are discussed in more detail below. It is noted that, although the first portion 600a and the second portion 600b are shown as forming the entirety of displayed graphical representation 600 in FIGS. 6-9 and 11, such need not be the case in other embodiments where the first and second portions 600a, 600b form parts of different graphical representations or include additional features. The graphical representation 600, or different portions thereof, may be displayed via multiple display devices in some embodiments.

[0164] The first portion 600a of the displayed graphical representation 600 may be used to visually display a map 602 of at least part of a bodily cavity. In FIGS. 6A and 6B, the map 602 is displayed in both a zoomed-out view 602e and a zoomed-in view 602f. In the example of FIGS. 6A and 6B, the map includes or is of at least part of an atrium of a heart, where “RIPV” shown in FIGS. 6 A and 6B means “right inferior pulmonary vein”, “LSPV” shown in FIGS. 6 A and 6B means “left superior pulmonary vein”, and “LIPV” shown in FIGS. 6 A and 6B means “left inferior pulmonary vein”. In some embodiments, the map is generated (e.g., by the data processing device system 110, 310) at least in part from navigation information 505 (shown in FIG. 5A) provided by a navigation system (e.g., an electropotential navigation system or an electromagnetic navigation system as discussed above in this disclosure). In some embodiments, the display of the map 602 includes or is a display of a geometric surface 602c of a structure (e.g., structure 218 or 308) of the catheter device system (e.g., catheter device system 200, 300, or 400). In some embodiments, the display of the map 602 includes or is a transducer map 602d of at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) of the catheter device system. The transducers may be represented as transducer graphical elements 610 (a few called out in FIGS. 6A and 6B, with one called out with reference 610, one called out with reference 610b, and one called out with reference 610c), according to some embodiments.

[0165] In some embodiments, a list of graphical elements identifying particular ones of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) may be displayed. In some embodiments, the plurality of transducers may be arranged according to a first spatial distribution, and the first portion 600a of the graphical representation 600 may include a set of transducer graphical elements 610, where each transducer graphical element 610 graphically represents a respective transducer of the plurality of transducers, and the transducer graphical elements 610 may be graphically arranged according to a second spatial distribution that is consistent with the first spatial distribution. Such second spatial distribution of the transducer graphical elements 610 may be considered a map of the transducer graphical elements 610, such that, e.g., the graphical representation 600 may be considered to include a graphical display of a transducer map per block 506b in FIG. 5A, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the arrangement (or map per some embodiments of block 506b) of the transducer graphical elements 610 is graphically represented in a three-dimensional manner (for example, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B). In FIGS. 6A and 6B, a three-dimensional graphical representation 603a including a three-dimensionally represented arrangement of transducer graphical elements 610 corresponds to at least a portion of the catheter device system or transducer-based device that is similar to the spherical or quasi-spherical arrays of transducers shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B.

[0166] In some embodiments, the arrangement (or map per some embodiments of block 506b) of the transducer graphical elements 610 is graphically represented in a two-dimensional manner. For example, in FIG. 7, the first portion 600a of the graphical representation 600 includes a two-dimensional graphical representation 603b of at least a portion of the catheter device system, depicted in a two-dimensional graphical manner, according to some embodiments. In this regard, the at least the portion of the catheter device system is similar to the spherical or quasi-spherical arrays of transducers shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B. In this regard, the two-dimensional graphical representation 603b may be considered to correspond to or represent the at least the portion of the catheter device system 200, 300, 400 or a medical device similar thereto, according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the transducer graphical elements 610 in FIGS. 6-9 and 11 may correspond to transducers 220, 306, 406.

[0167] In various embodiments, the two-dimensional graphical representation (e.g., two- dimensional graphical representation 603b shown in FIG. 7) of the at least the portion of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400) corresponds to or represents a three-dimensional shape or form of the at least the portion of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400). Various two-dimensional graphical representations are possible in various embodiments. For instance, in some embodiments, the two-dimensional graphical representation 603b maps three- dimensional surface portions of the at least the portion of the catheter device system onto a two- dimensional coordinate frame. For example, in some embodiments associated with FIGS. 6-9 and 11, the surface portions of the at least the portion of the catheter device system 200, 300, 400 may include surface portions (e.g., electrodes 315, 415) of various transducers 220, 306, 406 provided by the at least the portion of the catheter device system. In FIG. 7, transducer graphical elements 610 representative of the transducers are arranged graphically in a two- dimensional distribution in the first portion 600a of the graphical representation 600. In this regard, in some embodiments in which the at least the portion of the catheter device system 200, 300, 400 includes a plurality of transducers, the two-dimensional graphical representation 603b may map information indicating a three-dimensional spatial distribution of the plurality of transducers projected onto a two-dimensional coordinate frame. In some embodiments, a plurality of transducer graphical elements (e.g., 610) may be arranged in the particular graphical representation 600 in a particular spatial distribution representing the three-dimensional distribution of transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406) of the at least the portion of the catheter device system distorted onto a two-dimensional plane to form the two-dimensional graphical representation. In this regard, in some embodiments, the two-dimensional graphical representation 603b of the three-dimensional distribution of transducers (e.g., 220 or 306) distorted onto a two-dimensional plane is not merely an isometric or other perspective view of the three-dimensional distribution of transducers, because such an isometric or other perspective view may be considered a three-dimensional graphical representation. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the two-dimensional graphical representation 603b may represent a map including spatial distortion caused by mapping, e.g., a curved three-dimensional surface distorted onto a flat two-dimensional surface. In the example of at least FIG. 7, such distortion is viewable by the distorted transducer (e.g., electrode) sizes of some of the transducer graphical elements 610 along the outer edge of the two-dimensional graphical representation 603b. The two-dimensional graphical representation 603b may be generated according to a conformal map or projection, such as a Mercator map or projection, a transverse Mercator map or projection (also known as a Cassini projection), or other three-dimensional -to-two- dimensional mapping or projection, known in the art, according to some embodiments. See, e.g., U.S. Patent No. 10,368,936, issued August 6, 2019 (Brewster et al.) in relation to various mapping techniques. According to various embodiments, a conformal mapping is a function that preserves local angles. For example, according to some embodiments, when a particular spatial relationship between the plurality of transducers 220, 306, 406 is conformally mapped to the particular graphical representation 600, an angle defined between a group of transducers (e.g., 220, 306) according to the particular spatial relationship is preserved between the corresponding group of transducer graphical elements 610. In FIG. 7, the transducer graphical elements 610 are mapped in a two-dimensional projection that approximates a Lambert azimuthal projection. In this two-dimensional projection, the transducer graphical elements 610 representing all of the transducers 306, 406 radiate at least in part along a radial line from a center of the projection.

[0168] According to various embodiments associated with FIG. 7, transducers 220, 306 are distributed over each of two hemispherical regions provided by the at least the portion of the medical device, and the transducer graphical elements 610 representing all of the transducers 220, 306 are graphically depicted in a two-dimensional distribution in which all the transducer graphical elements 610 are radially distributed along the various radial lines extending from a particular region in the two-dimensional distribution that corresponds to a pole of one of the two hemispherical regions. In FIG. 7, the radial lines are graphically labeled in a clock-like manner around the map 702.

[0169] In some embodiments, each transducer graphical element 610 may be identified by a graphical label including a numerical identifier and an alphabetical identifier, where the numerical identifier indicates along which radial line the transducer graphical element is located and the alphabetical identifier indicates where along the radial line the transducer graphical element is located. For instance, transducer graphical element 610b in FIG. 7 is graphically labeled by number “7” and letter “B”, where the number “7” indicates that the transducer graphical element 610b is located on radial line “7” with position “B” along that radial line. This numerical and alphabetical identifier may indicate which transducer of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) is associated with that graphical element, by indicating a corresponding transducer position on the structure (e.g., structure 218, 308) of the catheter device system (e.g., catheter device system 200, 300, 400). According to various embodiments, the same “numerical” and “alphabetical” identifiers are employed to graphically label the transducer graphical elements 610 in the three-dimensional graphical representation 603a shown in the first portion 600a of FIGS. 6A and 6B. Of course, other manners of uniquely identifying a transducer besides a number and letter designation may be used in various embodiments.

[0170] According to some embodiments, each radial line may correspond to a “line of longitude” associated with the at least the portion of the catheter device system, each line of longitude extending between two poles of the at least the portion of the catheter device system, and a subset of the plurality of transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406) distributed along each line of longitude. In some embodiments, and with reference to FIG. 3B, each radial line corresponds to at least a portion of a corresponding elongate member 304. In some embodiments, the two- dimensional graphical representation need not be a projection or mapping from a three- dimensional model, and may merely be any two-dimensional graphical representation, e.g., including an arrangement of transducers.

[0171] According to some embodiments, various features that are mapped onto the two- dimensional graphical representation (e.g., 603b) may have a distorted appearance (for example, at least some of the transducer graphical elements 610 may have a distorted appearance). In some embodiments, a two-dimensional graphical representation (e.g., 603b) may map three- dimensional tissue surface portions within the bodily cavity onto a two-dimensional coordinate frame in a manner similar to that described by Raymond E. Ideker, M.D., Ph.D., et al. in the document “A Computerized Method for the Rapid Display of Ventricular Activation During the Intraoperative Study of Arrhythmias”, in the journal Circulation, vol. 59, No. 3, pages 449-458 (March 1, 1979). In this document, Ideker et al. disclose various two-dimensional surface maps in which a total heart surface is depicted two-dimensionally as if the ventricles were folded out after an imaginary cut was made from the crux of the heart to the apex of the heart.

[0172] In some particular embodiments in which the at least the portion of the catheter device system (e.g., catheter device system 200, 300, 400) includes a plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406), the graphical representation (e.g., 600) maps information indicating a spatial distribution of transducer-to-tissue contact information. For example, in at least FIGS. 6A and 6B, the darker-shaded region 630 indicates greater degrees of transducer-to-tissue contact than the more lightly shaded region 640, which indicates little or no transducer-to-tissue contact. Although FIGS. 6A and 6B utilize grayscale shading to differentiate between high- contact regions 630 and low-contact regions 640, it should be noted that other visual indications of degrees of detected transducer-to-tissue contact may be utilized, according to various embodiments.

[0173] According to some embodiments associated with block 506c in FIG. 5A, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program at least to cause display of the graphical representation (e.g., graphical representation 600) to include a graphical labeling set. In some embodiments, the graphical labeling set may include or be graphical labels that identify which transducers are associated with which transducer graphical elements 610. For instance, the graphical labeling set may include the “numerical” and “alphabetical” identifiers discussed above with respect to FIGS. 6 and 7, where, for example, the transducer graphical element 610b in FIG. 7 is graphically labeled by number “7” and letter “B” to indicate that the transducer graphical element 610b is associated with a transducer whose location on the structure (e.g., structure 218, 308) of the catheter device system (e.g., catheter device system 200, 300, 400) is located on radial line “7” with position “B” along that radial line, according to some embodiments. As discussed in more detail below, the data processing device system (110, 310) may be configured to alter the graphical labeling set associated with transducer graphical elements in particular contexts or states to, among other benefits, assist a user in easily recognizing relevant information, such as electrograms, associated with the corresponding transducers. According to some embodiments associated with block 506d in FIG. 5 A, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program at least to cause display of the graphical representation (e.g., graphical representation 600) to include at least part of an electrogram set. For instance, the second portion 600b of the graphical representation 600 in FIGS. 6-9 and 11 displays at least part of an electrogram set 660, according to some embodiments. It should be noted that the electrograms shown in the figures are merely simplified illustrative electrograms for purposes of clarity, and actual electrograms would likely differ in appearance. Further, although the electrograms shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, 8, and 9 show generally the same detection timings of electrogram signals for ease of illustration, it is likely that the electrograms would exhibit slight offsets in detection timings (like that shown in FIG. 7) due to the different locations of the respective transducers that detect the electrograms. In some embodiments, the display of the at least part of the electrogram set is a visual stacking or ordering of electrograms in the at least part of the electrogram set, e.g., as shown at least in FIG. 6A’s display of the at least part of the electrogram set 660. In some embodiments, the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 may not show all electrograms recorded by the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406), particularly in embodiments where there are a greater number of transducers than electrograms that can reasonably be displayed in the graphical representation 600. For instance, in FIG. 6A, the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 shows seventeen (17) electrograms, although there is a much greater number of electrograms recorded by the plurality of transducers represented by transducer graphical elements 610. Accordingly, it may be considered, in some embodiments, that the electrogram set includes all electrograms recorded by the plurality of transducers, and that the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 displays less than all of the plurality of electrograms in the electrogram set. In some embodiments, the electrogram set need not be all electrograms recorded by the plurality of transducers, and the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 displays some or all of the electrograms in the electrogram set. In some embodiments, the electrogram set need not be or need not only be electrograms recorded by transducers of the plurality of transducers. For example, one or more electrograms in the electrogram set may be derived from or representative of electrograms recorded by transducers of the plurality of transducers, for example, as described in more detail below. In some embodiments, the electrogram set is only those electrograms included in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660. In other words, the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 may, in some embodiments, display all of the electrograms in the electrogram set 660. In this regard, a benefit of various embodiments of the present invention that manage a number of displayed electrograms is efficiently, effectively, and timely displaying an appropriate or relevant subset of the electrograms in the electrogram set in order to assist the physician or user with timely viewing relatively more important information to improve procedure effectiveness and reduce procedure time.

[0174] According to various embodiments, the electrogram set is produced by or derived from electrophysiological activity information, such as electrophysiological voltage data, recorded internally within the body. At least part of the electrogram set may be recorded by at least some of the transducers of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406), according to some embodiments. The electrograms in the electrogram set may include unipolar electrograms, bipolar electrograms, or both unipolar electrograms and bipolar electrograms. It is noted that the display of electrograms (e.g., per the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 in some embodiments) may occur at any time in methods 500 and need not be limited to the display of electrograms only in association with block 506d, block 512a discussed in more detail below, or both blocks, according to various embodiments. For instance, various electrograms may be continually displayed so long as electrograms are being sensed, in some embodiments. In this regard, in some embodiments, at least block 506d, at least block 512a, or at least both blocks may be associated with a modification or supplementation of an existing display of electrograms.

[0175] In various ones of FIGS. 6-9 and 11, each electrogram in the electrogram set corresponds to, or is recorded by, a respective transducer of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406), according to some embodiments. Accordingly, in some embodiments or states of the graphical representation 600, each electrogram is identified with a combination of a number and a letter to identify respective ones of the transducers and the respective transducer graphical element 610 (for example, as described above in this disclosure). According to some embodiments associated with FIG. 6A, the electrograms presented in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 are presented consecutively in an ordered array based on some of the viewable transducer graphical elements 610 visible in the state of the graphical representation shown in FIG. 6A, starting with part of the “9” series (associated with radial line "9" per discussion above, i.e., “9C”, and proceeding with “9D”, “9E”, and “9F” ...), then with the “10”series (associated with radial line “10” per discussion above, i.e., “10C”, “10D”, “10E”...), etc. In the case of bipolar or otherwise multipolar electrograms, multiple transducer identifications (e.g., multiple combinations of number and letter) may be associated with the respective electrogram to identify the transducers from which the respective electrogram was recorded or derived.

[0176] According to various embodiments, other electrograms are not visually displayed since they number too many to be included in the visually displayed second portion 600b of graphical representation 600. It is noted that, according to various embodiments, some of the electrograms that are not visually displayed, may, based on user input, for example, be visually displayed. For example, the ordered array of electrograms (e.g., illustrated by the rows of electrograms in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 in the example of FIG. 6A, in some embodiments) may be manipulated (e.g., scrolled by pressing of a directional keyboard key or rotation of a mouse wheel or a directional sliding of a finger on a touch screen, etc.) to visually display one or more electrograms that were not displayed just prior to such manipulation. It is noted that at least some of the electrograms that were visually displayed prior to such a manipulation may not be visually displayed just after such manipulation.

[0177] According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 508 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., receiving or reception instructions provided by a program) configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to receive, via the input-output device system, first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers that sense the electrophysiological activity information received per block 502.

[0178] In some embodiments, the receiving of the first information indicating at least the particular transducer set per block 508 may take the form of a selection of at least the particular transducer set. The particular transducer set may be selected for any number of reasons, including, but not limited to, a desire to see what electrophysiological activity information is being sensed by the particular transducer set or a desire for the particular transducer set to perform ablation of tissue of the bodily cavity. Referring to FIG. 6A, the selection of the particular transducer set per some embodiments of block 508 in FIG. 5A is indicated by particular ones of the transducer graphical elements 610 whose outlines are shown in doublelines (like transducer graphical element 610c in at least FIG. 6A, and as compared to other transducer graphical elements 610 whose outlines are shown in single-lines which correspond to transducers that have not been selected according to various embodiments). It is noted that alternative or additional visual characteristics may be imparted on the transducer graphical elements 610 to indicate various statuses (e.g., a selected status) according to various embodiments. In some embodiments, the received first information per block 508 indicates the particular transducer set as a set of transducers whose transducers come into contact with a tissue wall or exhibit an increase in a degree of transducer-to-tissue contact to meet or exceed a particular threshold or degree of transducer-to-tissue contact. For instance, the selected transducers per some embodiments of block 508 may correspond to particular ones of the transducers that exhibit or come to exhibit relatively higher degrees of transducer-to-tissue contact (e.g., as represented by the corresponding transducer graphical elements 610 being located in a shaded region 604b in the graphical representation 600), for example, by the respective transducers coming into sufficient contact (e.g., meeting a threshold level or particular degree of contact) with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the received first information per block 508 is or includes tissue contact information sensed by the particular transducer set indicating the particular transducer set as coming into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity. For instance, the selected transducers represented by the double-line-outlined transducer graphical elements 610 in FIG. 6 A may be transducers that sense tissue contact information that indicates that they have come into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity, as indicated in the example of FIG. 6A with shaded tissue-contact region 604b.

[0179] In some embodiments, the received first information per block 508 indicates a user selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers that sense the electrophysiological activity information received per block 502. For instance, the selection of the particular transducer set per some embodiments of block 508 may be based on particular user-input that selects particular transducers of the plurality of transducers by way of, via the input-output device system 120, 320, a selection of respective ones of the transducer graphical elements 610. For example, in some embodiments, a transducer graphical element 610 may be selected via the use of a keyboard, mouse cursor, or touch screen by way of non-limiting example. The selection of particular transducers for inclusion in the particular transducer set may be based on various factors. For example, in some embodiments, the selection of particular transducers for inclusion in the particular transducer set may be made at least in part on the basis of transducer data (e.g., the transducer-to-tissue contact information shown in FIG. 6A via the grayscale shading of the display of the structure 602c). In some embodiments, the transducer data may be provided by at least some of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406), and may be provided as at least part of the electrophysiological activity information per block 502 in FIG. 5A.

[0180] In some embodiments, the received first information per block 508 indicates an automatic or machine selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers that sense the electrophysiological activity information received per block 502. For instance, the first information received via block 508 in FIG. 5A may include machine-based input indicating the selection of the particular transducer set. Machine-based or automatic selection of particular transducers of the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) may be accomplished in various manners, e.g., based on an analysis of information, such as sensed electrophysiological activity information, such as degree of tissue-contact information or sensed temperature information, or based on an analysis of other information such as location information (e.g., navigation information 505) from a navigation system. For instance, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured to analyze at least some of such information to automatically select transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406) that surround and are adjacent to an anatomical feature, such as a port or opening in the bodily cavity. In this regard, for example, U.S. Patent No. 11,633,238, issued April 25, 2023 (Brewster et al.), which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, describes program instructions configured to cause a data processing device system to determine an ablation path based at least on a determination of a proximity of various ones of not-anatomical feature-specific transducers to various ones of anatomical feature-specific transducers associated with an anatomical feature corresponding to a selected anatomical feature region. In some embodiments, per block 508a, the first information received per block 508 may be user input received via the input-output device system 120, 320, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406). In some embodiments, the prioritization of the particular transducer set may be a user or machine selection of the particular transducer set to, e.g., view the electrophysiological activity information recorded by the particular transducer set or to cause the particular transducer set to cause tissue ablation. In some embodiments, the prioritization of the particular transducer set may be to understand the particular transducer set’s orientation or positioning with respect to a patient axis (described in more detail below), a propagation direction of sensed electrophysiological activity information (also described in more detail below), or with respect to a region of a map (e.g., as described above with respect to block 506a and as described in more detail below).

[0181] In this regard, in some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 510 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., access instructions provided by a program) configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to access, via a memory device system (e.g., 130, 330), second information indicating a patient axis of the patient. Utilization of a patient axis that indicates directionality with respect to the bodily cavity or the patient’s body within which resides the bodily cavity can be helpful to assist a physician or user in knowing, e.g., how the map (e.g., map 602) of the bodily cavity or the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, or 400) is oriented, and how the recorded electrophysiological information is oriented or distributed with respect to the patient axis. FIG. 6A illustrates a graphical representation of such a patient axis 612, which, in the example of FIG. 6 A generally is a superior-inferior directional axis of the patient (e.g., as confirmed by the orientation of the torso image 616) passing through a graphical representation of the structure (e.g., structure 218, 308). In this regard, in some embodiments, the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis. In this regard, the patient axis has two extension directions shown as extension directions 612a, 612b in the example of FIG. 6A. In the case where the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis, one particular extension direction of the patient axis extends from the superior side of the bodily cavity to the inferior side of the bodily cavity, and the other particular extension direction of the patient axis extends from the inferior side of the bodily cavity to the superior side of the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the patient axis is an anterior-posterior axis, where, for example, one particular extension direction of the patient axis extends from the anterior side of the bodily cavity to the posterior side of the bodily cavity, and the other particular extension direction of the patient axis extends from the posterior side of the bodily cavity to the anterior side of the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the patient axis is a left-right axis with respect to the patient’s body, and in still other embodiments, the patient axis may have different orientations and corresponding extension directions.

[0182] In some embodiments, the patient axis is predetermined. For instance, the patient axis may be defaulted by the program or by a setting of the program to a superior-inferior axis or an anterior-posterior axis to assist the physician or user with orientation determination. In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program per some embodiments of block 510 at least to receive, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), the second information (e.g., the second information referred to in block 510 in some embodiments), such second information indicating, in some embodiments, a user selection of the patient axis. For instance, in FIG. 6A, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program to display particular information, such as menu option 614 in the example of FIG. 6A, where a user may select from menu option 614 in order to select the patient axis 612, e.g., by selection from multiple selectable patient axes, such as a superior-inferior patient axis or an anterior-posterior patient axis, or others according to various embodiments. The user’s selection, in some embodiments, may arrive at the data processing device system 110, 310 via the input-output device system 120, 320 as some embodiments of the second information (e.g., referred to in block 510), which may indicate the user selection of the patient axis 612 from one of the multiple selectable patient axes.

[0183] According to some embodiments, the patient axis (if displayed in the graphical representation (e.g., 600)) need not be fixed to a bodily cavity model (e.g., shown by graphical display of the portion of map 602 of the heart illustrated in FIGS. 6A, 6B), but may be positionable anywhere along it. In some embodiments, the patient axis is moveable by the user via interaction with the graphical representation (e.g., 600), for instance, via a mouse, keyboard, touch screen or other user-input mechanism. In this regard, in some embodiments, the patient axis (e.g., 612) may be independently moveable by a user action. In some embodiments, the patient axis may be fixed to or moveable about a model of at least a portion of the catheter device system (e.g., the display of the structure 602c in FIGS. 6A and 6B). In some embodiments in which the patient axis is fixed to the model of the at least the portion of the catheter device system, the patient axis may move with the model of the at least the portion of the catheter device system as the model of the at least the portion of the catheter device system moves about the bodily cavity model (e.g., because the structure 218 or 308 is being moved about the bodily cavity). In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), display of particular information indicating two selectable opposing extension directions of the patient axis (e.g., patient axis 612). For instance, in FIG. 6A, the graphical representation 600 displays particular information such as arrowheads 612al, 612bl indicating the two selectable opposing extension directions 612a, 612b. In this regard, in some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to receive, via the inputoutput device system (e.g., 120, 320), third information indicating a user selection of the particular extension direction (e.g., extension direction 612a or 612b in the example of FIG. 6A) of the patient axis 612 from one of the two selectable opposing extension directions. For instance, the user may select arrowhead 612al or 612b 1 via a mouse click or other form of data entry into the data processing device system 110, 310 to indicate which particular extension direction 612a or 612b is the one that is user selected, according to some embodiments.

[0184] In some embodiments, the patient axis (e.g., patient axis 612) is determined based on navigation information (e.g., navigation information 505 shown in FIG. 5A), which may be provided by a navigation system (e.g., navigation system 342) in some embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, an orientation of the patient axis 612 is defined at least in part from at least one pair of three pairs of contact patches 342x, 342y, 342z (shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B) of the catheter navigation system 342, the three pairs of contact patches located externally on the patient as discussed above in this disclosure. For another example, in some embodiments, the navigation information 505 includes first navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system 200, 300, 400, and includes second navigation information indicating an orientation of the patient axis 612. For example, in some embodiments, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system 120, 320, first navigation information provided by the catheter navigation system 342, the first navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system 200, 300, 400. In some embodiments, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program at least to determine a position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set (e.g., indicated by the first information per block 508 in FIG. 5A) in the three-dimensional space based at least on an analysis of the first navigation information. In some embodiments, the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system 120, 320, second navigation information provided by the catheter navigation system, where the data processing device system 110, 310 may be configured by the program at least to determine an orientation of the patient axis 612 based at least on an analysis of the second navigation information.

[0185] According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 512 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., display instructions provided by a program) configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in response to at least the received first information (e.g., per block 508 or 508a), altering of the display of the graphical representation (e.g., graphical representation 600). For instance, in some embodiments in which the first information indicates a prioritization (e.g., per block 508a) of a particular transducer set or information related to the particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers (e.g., transducers 220, 306, 406), the graphical representation 600 may be altered in various manners per the disclosures herein in order to increase the visual prominence of information related to the prioritized particular transducer set. In some embodiments, per block 512a, the altering of the display of the graphical representation (e.g., graphical representation 600) per block 512 includes altering the displayed at least part of the electrogram set (e.g., the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660). In this regard, in some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 512a associated with computer-executable instructions configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in response to at least the received first information (e.g., per block 508 or 508a), altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set (e.g., 660). In some embodiments, the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set (e.g., 660) includes increasing the visual prominence of (e.g., adding to the graphical representation 600 or rearranging in some embodiments) electrograms associated with a prioritization indicated by the first information (e.g., per block 508a in some embodiments).

[0186] In some embodiments, the prioritization may be to, e.g., improve a view of the electrophysiological activity information recorded by a particular transducer set or to determine a distribution of electrophysiological activity information along a particular patient axis or along a particular direction of a particular patient axis. In some embodiments, the prioritization may be to, e.g., better understand an orientation or positioning of information related to the particular transducer set with respect to a patient axis (described in more detail below at least with respect to block 512al), a propagation direction of sensed electrophysiological activity information (described in more detail below at least with respect to block 512a2), or with respect to a region of a map (e.g., as described below at least with respect to block 512a3). According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 512al associated with computer-executable instructions configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in response to at least the received first information (e.g., received per block 508 or 508a) indicating at least the particular transducer set, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set (e.g., 660), the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set (e.g., per block 502), the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis (e.g., indicated by the second information per block 510).

[0187] For instance, FIG. 6 A illustrates a state of the graphical representation 600 in which the particular transducer set indicated by the first information per block 508 includes the transducers associated with the transducer graphical elements 610 having graphical labels “8C”, “9C”, “9D”, “9E”, “10C”, “10D”, “10E”, “10F”, and “HD” (shown in FIG. 6A with the double-line outline around the corresponding transducer graphical elements 610). FIG. 6B illustrates an altered state of the graphical representation 600 compared to the state of the graphical representation 600 shown in FIG. 6A, where, in the state of FIG. 6B, the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 is reconfigured into an ordered arrangement 660b of electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set (e.g., per block 502).

[0188] Also in the example of FIG. 6B, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement 660b of electrograms are displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis (e.g., indicated by the second information per block 510). For example, the transducer graphical elements 610 associated with the particular transducer set have had their graphical labels altered from “8C”, “9C”, “9D”, “9E”, “10C”, “10D”, “10E”, “10F”, and “HD” to “1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”, “6” “7”, “8”, and “9”, respectively, in the state of the graphical representation 600 in FIG. 6B. The graphical labels “1” to “9” in FIG. 6B illustrate the closeness of the respective transducer associated with the respective transducer graphical element 610 to the particular extension direction (represented by graphical representation of the particular extension direction 612a) of the patient axis (represented graphically by patient axis 612), where “1” represents the closest, and “9” represents the furthest among the transducers in the particular transducer set. The degree of closeness of a transducer to the particular extension direction of the patient axis may be determined based at least on an analysis of the navigation information 505 (e.g., the first navigation information discussed above in some embodiments). In this regard, in some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured by the program at least to determine the second order (e.g., represented by graphical labels “1” to “9” of transducer graphical elements 610 in FIG. 6B) that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction (e.g., graphically represented by extension direction 612a in FIG. 6B) of the patient axis (e.g., graphically represented by patient axis 612) based at least on an analysis of the navigation information (e.g., 505). In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured by the program at least to determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of a determined position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in three-dimensional space, e.g., as discussed above with respect to features of the navigation system 342. For instance, as discussed above, the navigation information 505 may indicate, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400) within the bodily cavity or a position of at least part of the catheter device system with respect to at least three axes (e.g., per contact patch pairs 342x, 342y, 342z) associated with the catheter navigation system. In some embodiments, the data processing device system (110, 310) may be configured by the program at least to determine a position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space based at least on an analysis of the navigation information (e.g., navigation information 505), and determine the second order (e.g., represented by graphical labels “1” to “9” of transducer graphical elements 610 in FIG. 6B) that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction (e.g., graphically represented by extension direction 612a in FIG. 6B) of the patient axis (e.g., graphically represented by patient axis 612 in FIG. 6B) based at least on an analysis of the determined position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space and an orientation of the patient axis in the three-dimensional space determined based at least on information specifying at least some of the at least three axes (e.g., per contact patch pairs 342x, 342y, 342z), according to some embodiments.

[0189] The ordered arrangement 660b of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set 660 in FIG. 6B may adopt the sequence of the degree of closeness “1” to “9” as the first order that is consistent with the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction (e.g., graphically shown in FIG. 6B with extension direction 612a) of the patient axis. In some embodiments, the graphical labeling set (e.g., the set of graphical labels “1” to “9” in at least FIG. 6B) includes a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates the particular extension direction

[0190] By providing such an ordered arrangement (e.g., ordered arrangement 660b) of the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660, a physician or user is able to easily view not only the electrograms from the desired particular transducer set, but also is able to easily view the electrograms in an arrangement that shows the orientation of the corresponding transducers in the particular transducer set with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis. Such a view of the electrograms may be particularly helpful for the physician or user to easily confirm the orientation of the catheter device system and of the electrogram information being viewed, according to some embodiments. For instance, in some embodiments in which the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis, the graphical labeling set may include a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction is consistent with the superior-inferior axis. In some embodiments in which the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis, the graphical labeling set may include a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction extends superiorly-to-inferiorly along the superior-inferior axis. In some embodiments in which the patient axis is an anterior-posterior axis the graphical labeling set includes a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction is consistent with the anterior-posterior axis. In other embodiments, other patient axis orientations are utilized, and other graphical labeling arrangements may indicate such orientations with increasing numbers or another graphical labeling scheme.

[0191] In some embodiments, the display of the ordered arrangement (e.g., ordered arrangement 660b) of electrograms is a visual stacking of electrograms in the ordered arrangement of electrograms, e.g., as shown in FIG. 6B. In some embodiments, the ordered arrangement (e.g., ordered arrangement 660b) of electrograms, the electrogram set (e.g., all electrograms recorded by all transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406), or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set include unipolar electrograms, bipolar electrograms, or both unipolar and bipolar electrograms.

[0192] In some embodiments, the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set (e.g., per block 512a or at least any of blocks 512al, 512a2, 512a3) includes removing an electrogram in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 and adding an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set. For instance, when altering the state of the graphical representation 600 from the state of FIG. 6A to the state of FIG. 6B, the electrogram recorded or derived at least in part from electrophysiological activity information sensed by the transducer associated with transducer graphical element 610 having graphical label “9F” is removed (e.g., since the transducer graphical element 610 having the graphical label “9F” in the state of FIG. 6A is not one of the re-labeled transducer graphical elements having the labels “1” through “9” in the state of FIG. 6B). The electrogram recorded or derived at least in part from electrophysiological activity information sensed by the transducer in the particular transducer set associated with the transducer graphical element 610 having graphical label “8C” in the state of FIG. 6A and having the graphical label “1” in the state of FIG. 6B is added to the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660. In this regard, in some embodiments in which the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set includes adding one or more electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set, the added electrogram(s) may be considered as adding a previously excluded or nonincluded electrogram set (e.g., previously excluded or non-included (e.g., from the immediately preceding state of the graphical representation 600) from the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660).

[0193] According to some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 512a2 associated with computer-executable instructions configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in response to at least the received first information (e.g., per block 508 or block 508a), altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set (e.g., 660), the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate a positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction (e.g., identified per block 504).

[0194] For instance, FIG. 7 illustrates an altered state of the graphical representation 600 in which the particular transducer set included transducers whose corresponding transducer graphical elements 610 originally were associated with graphical labels “14F”, “15F”, “14E”, “15E”, “14D”, “15D”, “14C”, “15C”, and “16D”, but in the state of FIG. 7, such transducer graphical elements 610 have been graphically relabeled “1” to “9”, respectively, to illustrate a relationship between the corresponding transducers and the electrophysiological activity propagation direction 704. In the state of FIG. 7, the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 is reconfigured into an ordered arrangement 660c of electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set (e.g., per block 502) now labeled in the state of FIG. 7 as “1” to “9”. In this example, the ordered arrangement 660c of electrograms is configured to indicate the sequence of detection timings by the particular transducer set of a feature of the electrophysiological activity detected per block 502 as an example of a relationship between the corresponding transducers and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction 704, according to some embodiments. Such an arrangement 660c allows a physician or user to efficiently, effectively, and promptly view the propagation of the electrophysiological activity information by reviewing the ordered arrangement 660c. Each transducer’s relative electrophysiological activity feature detection timing may be determined by the data processing device system 110, 310 by comparing each respective transducer’s timing of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information, such as a particular portion (such as a maximum negative slope in a unipolar electrogram) of the electrogram signal of a same heartbeat, and then ordering the electrograms in a sequence of their timings of detections, which may result in the ordered arrangement 660c shown in the example of FIG. 7, according to some embodiments.

[0195] In this regard, in some embodiments, the electrophysiological activity propagation direction (e.g., 704) indicates a direction among the at least some transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406), the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers. In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in response to at least the received first information (e.g., received per block 508, 508a), adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of (a) the particular transducer set to indicate the positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction (e.g., 704), (b) the ordered arrangement of electrograms including the electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, or both (a) and (b). For instance, FIG. 7 illustrates a state of the graphical representation 600 in which the graphical labeling of the transducer graphical elements 610 associated with the particular transducer set has been altered from graphical labels “14F”, “15F”, “14E”, “15E”, “14D”, “15D”, “14C”, “15C”, and “16D”, to “1” to “9”, respectively, to indicate the positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction (e.g., 704). In addition, FIG. 7 illustrates a state of the graphical representation 600 in which the graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the ordered arrangement 660c of electrograms has been altered from graphical labels “14F”, “15F”, “14E”, “15E”, “14D”, “15D”, “14C”, “15C”, and “16D”, to “1” to “9”, respectively.

[0196] In some embodiments, the added or altered graphical labeling set includes a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a sequence of numbers associated with (i) the particular transducer set, (ii) the ordered arrangement of electrograms, or both (i) and (ii), the visually displayed sequence of numbers visually displayed in a visual arrangement consistent with the time sequence of detection of the common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers. For instance, FIG. 7 illustrates the altered graphical labeling set for both the transducer graphical elements 610 and the electrograms in ordered arrangement 660c for the particular transducer set as indicating, via the sequence of numbers “1” to “9” a visually displayed sequence of numbers visually displayed in a visual arrangement consistent with the time sequence of detection of the common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set.

[0197] In some embodiments, the added or altered graphical labeling set includes a visual display, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), of a plurality of transducer identifiers (e.g., graphical labels “1” to “9” in at least FIG. 7) associated with the particular transducer set respectively, each transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers being unique from every other transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers. For instance, in at least FIG. 7, each transducer is associated with a transducer graphical element 610 that has a graphical label unlike every other graphical label for every other transducer. For example, in at least FIG. 7, only one transducer graphical element 610 has graphical label “1”, only one transducer graphical element 610 has graphical label “2”, etc.

[0198] In some embodiments, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers (e.g., graphical labels “1” to “9” in at least FIG. 6B) associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), transducer identifiers are not visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides (or other than) the particular transducer set. For instance, in the example of at least FIG. 6B, transducer identifiers are not shown for transducers (which are not part of the particular transducer set graphically labeled “1” to “9”) associated with transducer graphical elements 610 on the side of the display of the structure 602c facing away from the viewer.

[0199] While the adding or altering of graphical labeling sets described above is provided in various contexts such as to indicate an orientation or relationship to a patient axis or an electrophysiological activity information propagation direction, other embodiments may utilize the adding or altering of such graphical labeling sets to indicate some other prioritization associated with the particular transducer set indicated by the first information per block 508 or block 508a. For instance, in some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 512b associated with computer-executable instructions configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in response to at least the received user input (which may be received per some embodiments of block 508a), adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in the graphical representation (e.g., 600) in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set. In this regard, while the example of FIG. 6B may be considered an example of an altered graphical labeling set to “1” to “9” to indicate a patient axis relationship prioritization, and FIG. 7 may be considered an example of an altered graphical labeling set to “1” to “9” to indicate a relationship to an electrophysiological activity propagation direction prioritization, other embodiments may add or alter a graphical labeling set to indicate other prioritizations associated with the particular transducer set.

[0200] Returning to FIG. 5A, some embodiments of block 506d may include block 506dl, which may be associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., display instructions provided by a program) configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause display, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and in a first state of the graphical representation (e.g., 600), of a first representative electrogram set selected or derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions. For example, FIG. 8 illustrates a state or first state of the graphical representation 600 in which three electrograms (graphically labeled “1”, “2”, and “3”) are illustrated in ordered arrangement 660d of electrograms in the display of the at least part of the electrogram set 660. In the example of FIG. 8, electrogram “1” is a representative electrogram associated with region 904a of the graphical display of the map 602, electrogram “2” is a representative electrogram associated with region 904b of the graphical display of the map 602, and electrogram “3” is a representative electrogram associated with region 904c of the graphical display of the map 602. In some embodiments, each map region (e.g., 904a, 904b, 904c) is associated with a geographic region of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400). In some embodiments, each map region represents a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set. For instance, each map region may be associated with electrogram signal quality, where one map region is associated with relatively high signal quality, one map region is associated with relatively lower signal quality, and a third map region is associated with a relatively lowest signal quality, according to some embodiments. For instance, each map region may be associated with a respective degree or degree range of signal fractionation, according to some embodiments, which may be particularly helpful at least in some contexts in which substrate modification of fibrotic areas is performed.

[0201] In some embodiments, in the first state (e.g., FIG. 8) of the displayed graphical representation 600 and for each respective region (e.g., 904a, 904b, 904c) of the plurality of regions, a respective representative electrogram set selected or derived from a respective subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information (e.g., received per block 502) is displayed as associated with the respective region, the respective representative electrogram set having a number of electrograms less than all electrograms available from the sensed electrophysiological activity information for the respective region. For instance, with respect to FIG. 8, region 904a may be associated with a subset of transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406) within that region 904a, and the representative electrogram “1” may be selected or derived from a subset of all electrophysiological activity information sensed by all transducers, the subset being the electrophysiological activity information sensed only by those transducers within the region 904a, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the representative electrogram set is selected or derived from the respective subset of the electrophysiological activity information as a median or mean of a plurality of values sets (e.g., a score or rating associated with of an electrogram characteristic, such as local activation time, voltage, or frequency of morphology, according to various embodiments) associated with the respective subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information. For instance, the representative electrogram “1” in the example of FIG. 8 may represent the median or mean electrogram from all electrograms sensed by the transducers in the region 904a. In some embodiments, representative electrograms may be updated from time to time, as tissue contact or other electrophysiological activity conditions or sensing conditions change, which may affect the quality of the electrograms from which the representative electrogram is selected or derived. By selecting or generating representative electrogram sets for respective regions of the map, the physician or user is able to see a condensed view of information, avoiding information overload, while still being able to view a representative electrogram for each region. However, if the physician or user desires to see additional information for a region, some embodiments provide for a selection of the representative electrogram or its corresponding map region in order to reveal additional electrogram information for that region. In some embodiments, methods 500 may include block 507 associated with computer-executable instructions configured to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, for each of at least one respective representative electrogram set, identification of a respective selection of at least part of the displayed respective representative electrogram set or corresponding map region; and to cause, per block 512a3 included in some embodiments of methods 500 and via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320) and at least in response to the identifying of the respective selection, the displayed graphical representation (e.g., 600) to add a graphical display of a particular previously excluded or non-included electrogram set selected or derived from at least part of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the respective region of the plurality of regions, the particular previously excluded or non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the respective selection of the at least part of the displayed respective representative electrogram set. For instance, with respect to FIG. 8, a user may select per some embodiments of block 507, e.g., by mouse click or other selection technique, the representative electrogram “2” or the corresponding map region 904b in order to see additional electrogram information associated with that map region 904b. In response to this selection and per some embodiments of block 512a3, FIG. 9 shows an altered state of the graphical representation 600, where electrogram “2” is relabeled as electrogram “2a”, and an additional electrogram “2b”, which was not displayed in the state of FIG. 8 but is associated with selected map region 904b, is added to the display of the at least part of the electrogram set 660. The additional electrogram labeled “2b” may be a next-most representative electrogram, compared to the electrogram labeled “2a”, selected or derived from the electrograms recorded by the transducers in map region 904b. In some embodiments, the selected map region (e.g., 904b), may be subdivided as shown in FIG. 9 by graphical labels “2a” and “2b”, such that the representative electrograms are respective median or mean electrograms from the new subregions (e.g., “2a” and “2b”). This “drill-down” approach to viewing electrograms may help a physician or other user initially view a limited number of representative electrograms on a map-region basis, while being able to view one or more additional electrograms for a map-region by selecting the map region or its representative electrogram.

[0202] In some embodiments, in order to help a viewer understand which representative electrograms are associated with which map regions, in addition to or in lieu of using consistent graphical labeling, other visual characteristics may be utilized. For instance, in some embodiments, each respective region (e.g., regions 904a, 904b, 904c in FIG. 8) of the plurality of regions is displayed at least in the first state of the graphical representation (e.g., FIG. 8) with a respective visual characteristic set that visually distinguishes the respective region from all other regions of the plurality of regions. In some embodiments, each respective visual characteristic set is a unique color compared to all other of the respective visual characteristic sets, such that all respective visual characteristic sets have a different color at least in the first state of the graphical representation (e.g., graphical representation 600 in the state of FIG. 8). In this regard, for example, different regions may have different colors associated with them in the graphical representation (e.g., 600), such that the representative electrogram(s) for the regions have the same respective color. Accordingly, in some embodiments, each respective representative electrogram set (e.g., graphically labeled “1”, “2”, and “3” in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 in FIG. 8) is displayed at least in the first state of the graphical representation (e.g., graphical representation 600 in the state of FIG. 8) as including a color that corresponds to the unique color of the respective visual characteristic set of the respective region associated with the respective representative electrogram set. For instance, the representative electrogram graphically labeled “1” in FIG. 8 may have the same color as map region 904a graphically labeled “1” in FIG. 8, the representative electrogram graphically labeled “2” in FIG. 8 may have the same color as map region 904b graphically labeled “2” in FIG. 8, and the representative electrogram graphically labeled “3” in FIG. 8 may have the same color as map region 904c graphically labeled “3” in FIG. 8, according to some embodiments. In the case of the example of FIG. 9, where the map region 904b is subdivided into two subregions “2a” and “2b”, the subregions may retain the same color that was associated with region “2” in the state of the graphical representation 600 in FIG. 8, or, in some embodiments, the subregions may adopt respectively different shades of the same color so that they appear different from each other, but still retain shades of the color used for the map region “2” in the state of the graphical representation 600 in FIG. 8. While the examples above refer to color as one type of visual characteristic, other visual characteristics may be used to visually distinguish map regions and subregions, such as hatch patterns, flashing sequences, font types, font characteristics (e.g., bold, underline, italics) or other visual characteristics.

[0203] As noted above, in some embodiments, each map region (e.g., each region 904a, 904b, 904c in FIG. 8) may represent a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set, such as respective electrogram signal quality value ranges or respective degrees of signal fractionation, or value sets for other parameters, such as voltage amplitude, doublepotential, or dispersion, according to some various embodiments. In this regard, the electrograms corresponding to the map regions, such as the representative electrograms presented in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 in the example of FIG. 8 with respect to map regions 904a, 904b, and 904c, may have respective visual characteristic sets that correspond to their map regions based on the value sets of the parameter sets associated with their corresponding map regions. In other words, in some embodiments, each representative electrogram may be displayed with a visual characteristic set based on a value set or range of values of an electrophysiological activity parameter set or some other parameter set. For example, if map region 904a is associated with a first set or first range of local activation time values, then the map region 904a might be displayed with the color green. If map region 904b is associated with a second set or second range of local activation time values, then the map region 904b might be displayed with the color yellow. And, if map region 904c is associated with a third set or third range of local activation time values, then the map region 904c might be displayed with the color red. In such a case, the representative electrogram graphically labeled “1” in FIG. 8 may be displayed with the color green to represent the first set or first range of local activation time values, the representative electrogram graphically labeled “2” in FIG. 8 may be displayed with the color yellow to represent the second set or second range of local activation time values, and the representative electrogram graphically labeled “3” in FIG. 8 may be displayed with the color red to represent the third set or third range of local activation time values, according to some embodiments.

[0204] In this regard, in some embodiments, the representative electrograms (e.g., in electrogram set 660 in at least the example of FIG. 8) may be visually sorted in the graphical representation 600 based on their respective associated parameter value sets. Continuing with the preceding example where map region 904a and the representative electrogram graphically labeled “1” are associated with a first set or first range of local activation time values and displayed with the color green, map region 904b and the representative electrogram graphically labeled “2” are associated with a second set or second range of local activation time values and displayed with the color yellow, and map region 904c and the representative electrogram graphically labeled “3” are associated with a third set or third range of local activation time values and displayed with the color red, such electrograms (in electrogram set 660 in the example of FIG. 8) may be visually sorted (i.e., “1”, “2”, and “3”) as shown in the example of FIG. 8 consistent with their associated parameter value sets, assuming green, yellow, and red represent a sequence of value ranges for the local activation time values, according to some embodiments. For instance, if an overall range of local activation time values is divided into a sequence of three subranges, where map region 904a is associated with the first subrange of local activation time values in the sequence, map region 904b is associated with the second subrange of local activation time values in the sequence, and map region 904c is associated with the third subrange of local activation time values in the sequence, then the representative electrograms in electrogram set 660 shown in the example of FIG. 8 are visually sorted in the same sequence as shown by the graphical labels “1”, “2”, and “3” for such representative electrograms, as shown in the example of FIG. 8, according to some embodiments. FIG. 7 shows another example of electrogram sorting based on local activation time values. While the examples in this paragraph pertain to sorting electrograms by local activation times, sorting by any other parameter may be utilized in various embodiments. And, as stated above, while the above examples refer to color as one type of visual characteristic for simplicity, other visual characteristics may be used, such as hatch patterns, flashing sequences, font types, font characteristics (e.g., bold, underline, italics) or other visual characteristics.

[0205] In some embodiments, a map region (e.g., from map regions 904a, 904b, 904c) or a representative electrogram (e.g., from electrogram set 660 in FIG. 8) may be selected (by user or machine (e.g., data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310))) based on the value set it represents for a corresponding parameter set, such as an electrophysiological activity parameter set. For instance, in some embodiments, each map region 904a, 904b, 904c in FIG. 8 may represent a distinct set of voltage values of electrogram voltage amplitudes sensed for the respective map region. If one of the distinct sets of voltage values is of particular interest, it may be user or machine selected and, consequently, graphically highlighted or otherwise increased in visual prominence via an appropriate visual characteristic set change, or an alteration of the graphical representation 600, such as by being moved to a top or more prominent position in the ordered arrangement of electrograms. For instance, if the color red is used to indicate the one of the distinct sets of voltage values that is of particular interest, and if the map region 904b is associated with such distinct set of voltage values that is of particular interest, then the map region 904b and its corresponding representative electrogram graphically labeled “2” in FIG. 8 may be visually displayed with the color red to increase its visual prominence, according to some embodiments. The other map regions 904a and 904c, as well as their corresponding representative electrograms graphically labeled “1” and “3”, which are associated with respectively distinct sets of voltage values other than the values of particular interest, may be visually displayed with other colors of less prominence, such as shades of the color gray or merely black, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, user or machine selection of a map region (e.g., 904a, 904b, 904c in the example of FIG. 8) or one or more of its corresponding representative electrogram(s) may result in an alteration of the state of the graphical representation 600 to subdivide the selected map region and show additional electrogram information for the selected map region or electrogram(s), for example, as described above with respect to the transition from the graphical representation state of FIG. 8 to the graphical representation state of FIG. 9.

[0206] In some embodiments, managing the number of concurrently displayed electrograms may be preferable in order to present an appropriate, easily understandable, and not overwhelming amount of concurrent information to the user via the graphical representation (e.g., 600). For instance, in some embodiments, just as the sequence of states of the graphical representation 600 represented by the sequence of FIG. 8 to FIG. 9 increases the number of electrograms displayed by the graphical representation 600, the reverse may be implemented. For instance, a first type of selection (e.g., a user’s right mouse click in some embodiments) of the map region 904b or either of the representative electrograms labeled “2a” or “2b” in the state of FIG. 9 may cause the state of the graphical representation 600 to return to the state shown in FIG. 8 to reduce the number of visible electrograms by replacing the representative electrograms labeled “2a” and “2b” in FIG. 9 with the representative electrogram labeled “2” in FIG. 8. On the other hand, a second type of selection (e.g., a user’s left mouse click in some embodiments) of the map region 904b or the representative electrogram labeled “2” in the state of FIG. 8 may cause the state of the graphical representation 600 shown in FIG. 8 to proceed to the state of FIG. 9, where the electrograms labeled “2a” and “2b” are displayed compared to merely the representative electrogram labeled “2” being displayed for map region 904b in the state of FIG. 8, in order to increase the number of electrograms that are concurrently displayed. In this regard, the user can control the amount of electrogram information concurrently displayed, according to some embodiments. Although user mouse clicks are provided as examples of selections herein, it should be understood that any other manner of selection may be utilized according to various embodiments.

[0207] Further, although examples herein are provided in the context of selection of a map region or an electrogram in order to increase or decrease the number of electrograms concurrently displayed, it should be understood that other manners of selection or user-interface interaction may be utilized to cause the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to increase or decrease the number of concurrently displayed electrograms to a number that may be suitable to the user to achieve a proper amount of concurrently displayed information that is useful and not overwhelming, according to various embodiments. For instance, a user interface associated with graphical representation 600 may be configured to allow a user to define a maximum number of electrograms that are concurrently displayed, in some embodiments. Or, such a user interface may allow a user to define that every 1-in-N electrograms should be displayed, where N may be defined by the user, according to some embodiments. For example, if the user defined N to be 2, then the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), the graphical representation 600 to display (e.g., in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660) a respective electrogram recorded by every other electrode (e.g., for a unipolar electrogram) or every other electrode pair (e.g., for a bipolar electrogram) throughout the layout of transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406) on the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400). For another example of the 1-in-N scenario, the electrograms chosen for display may be representative electrograms, just as the electrograms in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set 660 in FIGS. 8 and 9 are representative electrograms for respective map regions, according to some embodiments. For instance, if N is selected to be 2, then the map of all transducers 602 may be divided into two map regions with a representative electrogram selected or derived for each of the two regions, in some embodiments. If N is selected to be 3, then the map of all transducers may be divided into three map regions with a representative electrogram selected or derived for each of the three regions, and so on, similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, according to some embodiments.

[0208] FIG. 10 includes a respective data generation and flow diagram, which may implement various embodiments of methods 1000 by way of associated computer-executable instructions according to some example embodiments. In various example embodiments, a memory device system (e.g., memory device systems 130, 330) is communicatively connected to a data processing device system (e.g., data processing device systems 110 or 310, otherwise stated herein as “e.g., 110, 310”) and stores a program executable by the data processing device system to cause the data processing device system to execute various embodiments of methods 1000 via interaction with at least, for example, a transducer-based device (e.g., transducer-based device 200, 300, or 400, in some embodiments). In these various embodiments, the program may include instructions configured to perform, or cause to be performed, various embodiments of methods 1000.

[0209] In some embodiments, the methods 1000 may include a subset of the associated blocks or may include additional blocks than those shown in FIG. 10. For example, a particular one of methods 1000 may adopt the actions of blocks 1004 and 1006, a particular one of methods 1000 may adopt the actions of blocks 1004, 1006, and 1008, and a particular one of methods 1000 may adopt the actions of blocks 1002, 1004, 1006, and 1008, according to some various embodiments. In some embodiments, the methods 1000 may include different sequences than those indicated between various ones of the associated blocks shown in FIG. 10. For instance, block 1002, discussed in more detail below, pertains to displaying a map of at least a portion of a bodily cavity. In this regard, computer-executable program instructions associated with block 1000 may be executed, for example, at a later time in the methods 1000, according to some embodiments.

[0210] According to some embodiments, methods 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may include block 1002 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., display instructions provided by a program) configured to cause a data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause, via input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), display of a map of at least a portion of a bodily cavity. For instance, in some embodiments of the graphical representation 600 as shown in at least FIG. 11, such map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity may be included in the graphical representation 600 as the volumetric region 602a illustrating a three-dimensional model of an atrium of a heart. Such three-dimensional model of the atrium, in some embodiments, may have been produced from navigation information 505 (e.g., FIG. 5A) from the navigation system 342 and, in some embodiments, a recording of transducer-to-tissue contact locations from tissue-contact sensed by the transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406) of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400) as the catheter device system moves around the atrium as described, e.g., in U.S. Patent No. 11,918,303, issued March 5, 2024 (Moisa), cited above. In some embodiments, a three-dimensional model or map of the bodily cavity is produced by connecting the various transducer-to-tissue contact locations or other types of mapped locations with line segments to form a three-dimensional mesh, where the vertices of the mesh correspond to the mapped locations. A smoothing fdter may then be applied to the mesh to produce the smooth appearance of the resulting displayed three-dimensional model or map of at least a portion of the bodily cavity, for instance, as shown by volumetric region 602a shown at least in FIG. 11. The exploded view / window 1120b in FIG. 11, which need not be part of the graphical representation 600 in some embodiments, shows an exploded view of region 1120a of the volumetric region 602a and also shows a portion of such a mesh, with a vertex (or mapped location) 1124 and line segments 1122a, 1122b, 1122c, 1122d shown in dashed lines that would connect to other adjacent vertices (e.g., mapped locations) of the mesh.

[0211] In some embodiments, when performing a mapping procedure to build or update the three-dimensional model or map of at least a portion of the bodily cavity, as each location of the tissue wall of the bodily cavity is mapped (e.g., by sensed transducer-to-tissue contact or otherwise), an electrogram is recorded by the corresponding transducer (e.g., 220, 306, 406) and associated with that map location (e.g., mesh vertex) along with a timestamp indicating when that electrogram was recorded. In this manner, each map location may have an associated one or more historical electrograms associated with it, along with respective timestamps indicating when each historical electrogram was recorded. Various ones of these historical electrograms from the same location or different locations may then be compared with each other or with a presently sensed electrogram that is presently sensed by one or more transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406) of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400) at the present location of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400).

[0212] According to some embodiments, methods 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may include block 1004 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., display instructions provided by a program) configured to cause a data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to identify a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity. The tissue surface location may be identified based at least on a user selection, a machine selection, or both, according to some embodiments. For instance, in some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured to identify a tissue surface location of interest based on a detected anomaly or a detected favorable attribute in a sensed tissue characteristic or based on a location of anatomical interest. In some embodiments, the tissue surface location corresponds to a map location included in the map of the at least the portion of the bodily location. In this regard, in some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured to identify, via a particular selection, the map location, which corresponds to the tissue surface location.

[0213] In some embodiments, the particular selection is a user selection received via inputoutput device system (e.g., 120, 320). For instance, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, a user may select (e.g., via a mouse click, keyboard, touch screen, etc.) a map location 1105b shown with a solid black circle in FIG. 11, and the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may identify that map location 1105b as corresponding to the tissue surface location per some embodiments of block 1004 in FIG. 10.

[0214] In some embodiments, the particular selection may involve or be a particular machine selection. For instance, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, a user may select (e.g., via a mouse click, keyboard, touch screen, etc.) a map location 1105a shown with a hollow, black- outlined circle in FIG. 11. However, that user selected map location 1105a may not align with a mapped location (e.g., a vertex on the underlying mesh representing the model or map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity). In some embodiments, including some embodiments in which the user selected map location (e.g., map location 1105a) does not align with a mapped location, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured by the program at least to perform the particular machine selection of the map location that corresponds to the tissue surface location. For instance, in some embodiments in which the user selected map location (e.g., map location 1105a) does not align with a vertex on the underlying mesh representing the model or map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity, the closed vertex of the mesh may be machine selected as the map location that corresponds to the tissue surface location identified per block 1004. In the example of FIG. 11, if the user selects map location 1105a, which does not align with a vertex of the model mesh as shown in the exploded view window 1120b, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may then select map location 1105b as the closest vertex 1124 to the user selected map location 1105a, such that the machine selected map location 1105b is identified per some embodiments of block 1004 as corresponding to the tissue surface location.

[0215] In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), a user selection of a first map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity, the first map location corresponding to a spatial location in the bodily cavity. For instance, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, the first map location may be map location 1105a, which corresponds to a spatial location in the bodily cavity. In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to identify (e.g., before block 1106, discussed below) a second map location that corresponds to the tissue surface location, the second map location identified due at least to the tissue surface location being a particular physical distance from the spatial location corresponding to the first map location. For instance, the second map location may correspond to map location 1105b, which may be identified as being a particular physical distance (e.g., to a nearest mesh vertex, in some embodiments) from the spatial location corresponding to the first map location (e.g., map location 1105a in this example). In some embodiments, the first and second map locations are displayed with different visual characteristic sets (e.g., different colors, shapes, shading, highlighting etc.), to visually indicate to the user that the first map location is user selected and the second map location is machine selected. In this regard, in some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured by the program at least to cause, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), concurrent display of (a) the user selected first map location (e.g., map location 1105a in this example) on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity with one visual characteristic set, and (b) the identified second map location (e.g., map location 1105b in this example) on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity with another, different, visual characteristic set (e.g., the map location 1105a is shown with a hollow, black-outlined circle, while the map location 1105b is shown with a solid black circle in the example of FIG. 11).

[0216] While the above examples describe a selection of tissue surface location (e.g., corresponding to map location 1105a, 1105b, or both), such a selection need not be a pointbased selection in some embodiments and may include a region-based selection. For instance, instead of a user selecting a point, such as map location 1105a, the user may select a region (e.g., by use of a mouse or other form of input to draw a user selected region) from which the tissue surface location ultimately is determined, according to some embodiments.

[0217] According to some embodiments, methods 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may include block 1006 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., determination or identification instructions provided by a program) configured to cause a data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to determine or identify a representative electrogram associated with the tissue surface location (e.g., which may be identified per block 1004). In some embodiments, the representative electrogram is identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms. For instance, in some embodiments, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include multiple electrograms recorded over one or more heartbeats by the transducer or transducers when such transducer or transducers were at or near the tissue surface location. Such transducer or transducers may be referred to as a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system (e.g., 200, 300, 400) that records first electrophysiological activity information at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location, where the first plurality of electrograms is based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information. In some embodiments of the example of FIG. 11, transducer 9D may be considered an example of the first transducer set that recorded multiple electrograms over multiple heartbeats (such that each electrogram of the multiple electrograms is associated with a different heartbeat) at the tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1105b. From these multiple electrograms, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured to select (e.g., machine select) or derive (e.g., machine derive) a preferred electrogram as the representative electrogram for that tissue surface location. In the example of FIG. 11, these multiple electrograms are shown as including two electrograms for ease of illustration, one being solid-line electrogram 1165a and the other being the dotted-line electrogram 1160b, only a portion of which is viewable since the other portions of dotted-line electrogram 1160b overlap with solid-line electrogram 1165a. Continuing with this example, the solid-line electrogram 1165a may be from or associated with a first heartbeat, while the dotted-line electrogram 1160b may be from or associated with a second heartbeat, according to some embodiments. It can be seen that the dotted-line electrogram 1160b has a lower peak-to- peak voltage than the solid-line electrogram 1165a, possibly due to relatively poor tissue contact between the transducer 9D and the tissue wall of the bodily cavity at the time of recording such dotted-line electrogram. Accordingly, in this situation, in some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured to evaluate one or more electrogram characteristics or waveform parameters, such as peak-to-peak voltage, in order to select a preferable electrogram as the representative electrogram for the tissue surface location, such as solid-line electrogram 1165a being machine selected as preferable to dotted-line electrogram 1160b due at least to the greater peak-to-peak voltage. Consistent with the example of FIG. 11, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured by the program at least to perform the identification of the representative electrogram at least in response to a determination that the first electrophysiological activity information, which was recorded by the first transducer set (e.g., transducer 9D in the present interpretation of FIG. 11), was recorded in a state in which the first transducer set exhibited sufficient transducer-to-tissue contact, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to determine each electrogram in the multiple electrograms of the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms as having a minimum voltage amplitude or reliable (e.g., of sufficient signal quality to have confidence in the information) local activation time. Such embodiments may be particularly beneficial at least in some contexts in which it is desirable to ensure that, before machine selecting or machine deriving a representative electrogram for the tissue surface location, the electrograms from which the representative electrogram will be machine selected or machine derived meet one or more baseline or threshold waveform characteristics to help ensure that the electrograms are of sufficient quality.

[0218] In some embodiments, the representative electrogram is machine derived from the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms. For instance, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) may be configured to derive the representative electrogram based at least on a respective average or a respective percentile of each of one or more electrogram characteristics or waveform parameters (e.g., peak-to-peak voltage, local activation time, or both) of multiple electrograms or multiple preferred electrograms from the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms. In some embodiments, the machine derivation process for generating the representative electrogram may include interpolation of values of one or more electrogram characteristics or waveform parameters. In some embodiments, the multiple electrograms of the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms include particular electrograms from at least some of the first plurality of electrograms associated with different heartbeats, and the particular electrograms, according to some embodiments, are based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a same transducer in the first transducer set, e.g., as is the case with the example of FIG. 11 and electrograms 1160b and 1165a. In some embodiments, the multiple electrograms of the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms include particular electrograms from at least some of the first plurality of electrograms associated with different heartbeats, and the particular electrograms, according to some embodiments, are based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by multiple transducers in the first transducer set. For instance, although the example of FIG. 11 shows unipolar electrograms, each associated with a single transducer, bipolar or omnipolar electrograms may be utilized, where each electrogram is associated with two or more transducers. Or, for example, the first transducer set need not only include the particular transducer or particular transducers that recorded electrograms at the tissue surface location (e.g., corresponding to map location 1105b in the example of FIG. 11), but may include a transducer or transducers that were adjacent such particular transducer or particular transducers, so that the representative electrogram is machine selected or machine derived from electrograms that were not only recorded at the tissue surface location, but also at adjacent, proximate, or nearby tissue surface locations, according to some embodiments. In this regard, the first transducer set may include one or more transducers. Further, while the above-discussed example associated with FIG. 11 described electrograms 1160b, 1165a as being an example of the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms from which the representative electrogram is machine selected or machine derived, it should be understood that the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms may include more than two electrograms, and may be from electrophysiological activity information recorded by one or more transducers over one or more heartbeats, according to various embodiments.

[0219] According to some embodiments, methods 1000 shown in FIG. 10 may include block 1008 associated with computer-executable instructions (e.g., display instructions provided by a program) configured to cause a data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) to cause display, via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), of the representative electrogram (e.g., determined per block 1006) with a first visual characteristic set, and to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set. As discussed above, according to some embodiments, the first plurality of electrograms is based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location (e.g., identified per block 1004) by the first transducer set. In some embodiments, each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms is associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats.

[0220] FIG. 11 illustrates an example associated with some embodiments of block 1008, where the representative electrogram is displayed as electrogram 1165a, and the concurrently displayed first electrogram set may be considered to include one or more of the electrograms 1160b, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165b, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, according to various embodiments. Electrograms 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1165b, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169 may be referred to as electrogram set or subset 1160a. Electrogram set 660, in the state of the graphical representation 600 shown in FIG. 11, may include electrogram subset 1160a, electrogram 1160b, and electrogram 1165a. In some embodiments, the visual characteristic sets utilized to display the representative electrogram and first electrogram set, respectively, or to display any electrogram, may include color, line type (e.g., broken line, dotted line, solid line), line thickness, flashing / not flashing, or other visual characteristics.

[0221] In some embodiments, each electrogram of the first electrogram set is associated with a different heartbeat of the multiple heartbeats. For instance, in the example of FIG. 11, electrogram 1160b and representative electrogram 1165a are electrograms recorded by transducer 9D over different heartbeats. Although only electrogram 1160b is shown in FIG. 11 as being from another heartbeat compared to electrogram 1165a from transducer 9D, other embodiments may include a plurality of electrograms from a plurality of heartbeats, respectively, recorded by transducer 9D, such that the plurality of electrograms may be considered the first electrogram set or may be considered to be included in the first electrogram set, and such that the plurality of electrograms are displayed overlaying electrogram 1160b and with the same visual characteristic set as electrogram 1160b, according to some embodiments.

[0222] In this regard, in some embodiments, the first electrogram set displayed with the second visual characteristic set may exclude the representative electrogram, which is displayed with the first visual characteristic set. For instance, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, the first electrogram set may be considered to include one or more of the electrograms 1160b, 1161, 1162, 1163, 1164, 1166, 1167, 1168, 1169, while excluding the representative electrogram 1165a (and e.g., 1165b), according to various embodiments. On the other hand, in some embodiments, the first electrogram set may include the representative electrogram, such that the representative electrogram is displayed at least twice at a same time. For instance, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, the first electrogram set may be considered to include the electrograms in electrogram subset 1160a, such that the representative electrogram is displayed twice, once as electrogram 1165a, and again as electrogram 1165b, where electrogram 1165b may be included in the first electrogram set, according to some embodiments.

[0223] In some embodiments associated with the example of FIG. 11, the first electrogram set includes the electrogram subset 1160a. In some embodiments, the electrogram subset 1160a represents electrograms from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducers (e.g., a first transducer set in some embodiments) determined to be within a determined radius from the tissue surface location (e.g., corresponding to map location 1105b) or adjacent to the transducer that recorded the electrophysiological activity information that resulted in the representative electrogram 1165a. For instance, in FIG. 11, electrogram 1161 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 10C when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1101. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 10C is adjacent and to the lower right of transducer 9D, whose electrophysiological activity information resulted in representative electrogram 1165a. This positional relationship is maintained in the spatial relationship between map location 1101 corresponding to electrogram 1161 (from transducer 10C) and map location 1105b, corresponding to representative electrogram 1165a (from transducer 9D), where map location 1101 is to the lower right of map location 1105b. Electrogram 1162 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 10D when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1102. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 10D is adjacent and below transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1102 and map location 1105b. Electrogram 1163 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 9C when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1103. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 9C is adjacent and to the right of transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1103 and map location 1105b. Electrogram 1164 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 10E when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1104. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 10E is adjacent and to the lower left of transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1104 and map location 1105b. Electrogram 1165b is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 9D when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1105b. In this example, electrogram 1165b is the same as electrogram 1165a, which are both based on electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 9D when such transducer was located at the tissue surface location correspond to map location 1105b. Electrogram 1166 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 9E when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1106. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 9E is adjacent and to the left of transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1106 and map location 1105b. Electrogram 1167 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 8C when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1107. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 8C is adjacent and to the upper right of transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1107 and map location 1105b. Electrogram 1168 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 8D when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1108. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 8D is adjacent and above transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1108 and map location 1105b. Electrogram 1169 is from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 8E when such transducer was located at a tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1109. The transducer map 602d shows that transducer 8E is adjacent and to the upper left of transducer 9D, and such positional relationship is maintained between map location 1109 and map location 1105b.

[0224] In some embodiments, the first electrogram set includes electrogram subset 1160a, and the electrogram subset 1160a is ordered based on an electrophysiological activity propagation direction, e.g., as a sequence of local activation times in the example of FIG. 11. This sequence is illustrated in FIG. 11 at least by the sequence of numbers in parenthesis (1) to (9) next to the respective transducer identifier for electrograms 1161 to 1169, respectively. This sequence also is illustrated in FIG. 11 with the numerical labels “1” to “9” next to map locations 1101 to 1109 (including map location 1105b, but not map location 1105a in this example), respectively. Accordingly, this sequence represents that the location activation times progressed from tissue surface locations corresponding to map locations 1101 to 1102 to 1103 to 1104 to 1105b to 1106 to 1107 to 1108 and to 1109, in this example.

[0225] In some embodiments, the first electrogram set includes electrogram subset 1160a, and the electrogram subset 1160a includes electrograms only from the same heartbeat as the representative electrogram 1165a. By concurrently showing electrograms of electrogram subset 1160a (e.g., as the first transducer set in some embodiments) from adjacent transducers from the same heartbeat as the representative electrogram, and particularly if the electrogram subset

[0226] 1160a is ordered based on electrophysiological activity information, the user is able to easily and efficiently see contemporaneous electrophysiological activity information in the vicinity of the location of interest (e.g., the tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1105b in this example).

[0227] In some embodiments, the data processing device system (e.g., 110, 310) is configured by the program at least to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system (e.g., 120, 320), display of a second electrogram set other than the representative electrogram but from the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms from which the representative electrogram is at least machine selected or machine derived. In some embodiments, the second electrogram set is displayed with a third visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set. In some embodiments, the third visual characteristic set is different than the second visual characteristic set.

[0228] In some embodiments, the second electrogram set may be represented by electrograms produced from electrophysiological activity information sensed by the same transducer or transducers that sensed the electrophysiological activity information that resulted in the representative electrogram, but for different heartbeats than the heartbeat represented by the representative electrogram. In this regard, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, the second electrogram set may include the electrogram 1160b, which is from electrophysiological activity information sensed by transducer 9D, which also sensed the electrophysiological activity information that resulted in representative electrogram 1165a. However, electrogram 1160b is associated with a different heartbeat than representative electrogram 1165a, in this example.

[0229] In some embodiments, the representative electrogram displayed with the first visual characteristic set is displayed in an overlapping arrangement with the second electrogram set, which is displayed with the third visual characteristic set. For instance, with reference to the example of FIG. 11, the representative electrogram 1165a is displayed with a solid line in an overlapping relationship with electrogram 1160b, which is displayed with a dotted line. In some embodiments, the overlapping arrangement is enabled via a user selection of a corresponding option in a graphical user interface. For instance, the overlapping arrangement of electrograms 1160b and 1165 may be enabled by user selection of check box 1110 of the graphical user interface incorporated with graphical representation 600, according to some embodiments. When the check box 1110 is deselected, the electrogram 1160b may be displayed distinctly (e.g., above or below) the electrogram 1165a, according to some embodiments. In this regard, and manner of enabling or disabling such an overlapping arrangement may be utilized. Further, such overlapping arrangement may be enabled / disabled and utilized for any combination of electrograms. For one example, electrograms in electrogram subset 1160a may be toggled into an overlapping arrangement by selection of a corresponding option in the graphical user interface, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, with respect to the example of FIG. 11, the second electrogram set may be represented by electrogram 1160b, while the first electrogram set is represented by electrogram subset 1160a. With such a configuration, the representative electrogram 1165a may be concurrently displayed with the first electrogram set (e.g., electrogram subset 1160a in this example) and the second electrogram set (e.g., electrogram 1160b in this example), such that the first electrogram set includes, in some embodiments, one or more electrograms from electrophysiological activity information recorded by adjacent transducers but for the same heartbeat as the representative electrogram (e.g., electrogram 1165a in this example), and such that the second electrogram set includes, in some embodiments, one or more electrograms from electrophysiological activity information recorded by the same transducer but for different heartbeats than the representative electrogram.

[0230] In some embodiments, electrograms showing a comparison of electrophysiological activity states before and during or after ablation may be displayed concurrently. For instance, in one set of interpretations of FIG. 11, electrogram 1165a may be a representative electrogram from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 9D at the tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1105b before ablation, and electrogram 1160b may be a representative electrogram from electrophysiological activity information recorded by transducer 9D at the tissue surface location corresponding to map location 1105b during or after ablation, according to some embodiments.

[0231] As with the examples of at least FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7-9, and 11 described above, a subset of all available electrograms or a subset of less than all available electrograms may be displayed according to various embodiments. For instance, the example of FIG. 8 compared to the example of FIG. 9 shows that the state of the graphical representation 600 of FIG. 8 includes a subset of the electrograms shown in the state of the graphical representation 600 of FIG. 9, where the number of electrograms shown in the state of the graphical representation 600 of FIG. 9 is less than the number of all electrograms recorded or recordable by the transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406), according to some embodiments. For another example, the example of FIG. 6B compared to the example of FIG. 6A shows that the state of the graphical representation 600 of FIG. 6B includes a subset of the electrograms shown in the state of the graphical representation 600 of FIG. 6A, where the number of electrograms shown in the state of the graphical representation 600 of FIG. 6A is less than the number of all electrograms recorded or recordable by the transducers (e.g., 220, 306, 406), according to some embodiments.

[0232] While some of the embodiments disclosed above are described with examples of cardiac electrophysiological activity, the same or similar embodiments may be used in other bodily organs, for example, the brain.

[0233] While some of the embodiments disclosed above are described with examples of cardiac ablation, the same or similar embodiments may be used for ablating other bodily organs or any lumen or cavity into which the devices of the present invention may be introduced. Subsets or combinations of various embodiments described above can provide further embodiments.

[0234] These and other changes can be made to the invention in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims but should be construed to include other transducer-based device systems including all medical treatment device systems and all medical diagnostic device systems in accordance with the claims. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the disclosure, but instead its scope is to be determined entirely by the following claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A medical system comprising: a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to: receive input via the input-output device system and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receive, via the input-output device system, first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers; access, via the memory device system, second information indicating a patient axis of the patient; and cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis.

2. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the received first information indicates a user selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers.

3. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the received first information indicates a machine selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers.

4. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the received first information indicates the particular transducer set as a set of transducers that come into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity.

5. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the received first information indicates the particular transducer set as a set of transducers whose transducers exhibit an increase in a degree of transducer-to-tissue contact to meet or exceed a particular degree of transducer-to-tissue contact.

6. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the received first information is tissue contact information sensed by the particular transducer set indicating the particular transducer set as coming into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity.

7. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the patient axis is predetermined.

8. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, the second information indicating a user selection of the patient axis.

9. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of particular information indicating multiple selectable patient axes; and receive, via the input-output device system, the second information indicating a user selection of the patient axis from one of the multiple selectable patient axes.

10. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to receive, via the input-output device system, third information indicating a user selection of the particular extension direction of the patient axis.

11. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of particular information indicating two selectable opposing extension directions; andreceive, via the input-output device system, third information indicating a user selection of the particular extension direction of the patient axis from one of the two selectable opposing extension directions.

12. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: receive, via the input-output device system, navigation information indicating, in three- dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system within the bodily cavity; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the navigation information.

13. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: receive, via the input-output device system, navigation information provided by a catheter navigation system, the navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system within the bodily cavity; determine, based at least on an analysis of the navigation information, an orientation of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space with respect to the patient axis; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the determined orientation of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space with respect to the patient axis.

14. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: receive, via the input-output device system, first navigation information provided by a catheter navigation system, the first navigation information indicating, in three-dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system; receive, via the input-output device system, second navigation information provided by the catheter navigation system;determine a position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space based at least on an analysis of the first navigation information; determine an orientation of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the second navigation information; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the determined position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space.

15. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein an orientation of the patient axis is defined at least in part from at least one pair of three pairs of contact patches of a catheter navigation system, the three pairs of contact patches located externally on the patient.

16. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis.

17. The medical system of Claim 16, wherein the particular extension direction of the patient axis extends from the superior side of the bodily cavity to the inferior side of the bodily cavity.

18. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the patient axis is an anterior-posterior axis.

19. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the patient axis is a left-right axis.

20. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: receive, via the input-output device system, navigation information indicating, in three- dimensional space, a position of at least part of the catheter device system with respect to at least three axes associated with a catheter navigation system; and determine an orientation of the patient axis in the three-dimensional space based at least on information specifying at least some of the at least three axes.

21. The medical system of Claim 20, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to:determine a position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three- dimensional space based at least on an analysis of the navigation information; and determine the second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to the particular extension direction of the patient axis based at least on an analysis of the determined position of each of the transducers of the particular transducer set in the three-dimensional space and the determined orientation of the patient axis in the three- dimensional space.

22. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of (a) the particular transducer set to indicate the first order according to which the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms are displayed, (b) the ordered arrangement of electrograms including the electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, or both (a) and (b).

23. The medical system of Claim 22, wherein the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis, and wherein the graphical labeling set includes a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction is consistent with the superior-inferior axis.

24. The medical system of Claim 22, wherein the patient axis is a superior-inferior axis, and wherein the graphical labeling set includes a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction extends superiorly - to-inferiorly along the superior-inferior axis.

25. The medical system of Claim 22, wherein the patient axis is an anterior-posterior axis, and wherein the graphical labeling set includes a visual representation of numbers in an increasing arrangement that indicates that the particular extension direction is consistent with the anterior-posterior axis.

26. The medical system of Claim 22, wherein the added or altered graphical labeling set includes a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a plurality of transduceridentifiers, each transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers being unique from every other transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers.

27. The medical system of Claim 26, wherein, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers are not visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

28. The medical system of Claim 26, wherein, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers are not visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

29. The medical system of Claim 22, wherein, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling is not visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

30. The medical system of Claim 22, wherein, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling is not visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

31. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set includes removing an electrogram in the displayed at least part of the electrogram set and adding an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

32. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set includes adding to the displayed at least part of the electrogram set an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

33. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the electrogram set comprises a plurality of electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers, and wherein the displayed at least part of the electrogram set displays less than all of the plurality of electrograms.

34. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the display of the at least part of the electrogram set is a visual stacking of electrograms in the at least part of the electrogram set.

35. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the display of the ordered arrangement of electrograms is a visual stacking of electrograms in the ordered arrangement of electrograms.

36. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers are configured to ablate tissue and sense the electrophysiological activity information.

37. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set include bipolar electrograms.

38. The medical system of Claim 1, wherein the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set include unipolar electrograms.

39. A method executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient, and the method comprising: receiving, via the input-output device system, input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicatingelectrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; causing, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receiving, via the input-output device system, first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers; accessing, via the memory device system, second information indicating a patient axis of the patient; and causing, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis.

40. One or more computer-readable storage mediums storing a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity of a patient, and the program comprising: first reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; second reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of first information indicating at least a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers; access instructions configured to cause accessing, via a memory device system, of second information indicating a patient axis of the patient; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of theelectrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the electrograms displayed in the ordered arrangement of electrograms displayed according to a first order that is consistent with a second order that the transducers of the particular transducer set are arranged with respect to a particular extension direction of the patient axis.

41. A medical system comprising: a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to: receive input via the input-output device system and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; identify an electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicated by at least part of the received input; cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receive, via the input-output device system, first information indicating a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; and cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate a positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

42. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the received first information indicates a user selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers.

43. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the received first information indicates a machine selection of at least the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers.

44. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the received first information indicates the particular transducer set as a set of transducers that come into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity.

45. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the received first information indicates the particular transducer set as a set of transducers whose transducers exhibit an increase in a degree of transducer-to-tissue contact to meet or exceed a particular degree of transducer-to-tissue contact.

46. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the received first information is tissue contact information sensed by the particular transducer set indicating the particular transducer set as coming into contact with a tissue wall of the bodily cavity.

47. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicates a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers.

48. The medical system of Claim 47, wherein the direction among the at least some transducers is through a region of a subset of transducers from the at least some transducers, the subset of transducers sensing the electrophysiological activity information that exhibits a higher signal quality than a minimum threshold signal quality among the at least some transducers.

49. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicates a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers determined at least in part from a local activation time determined from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by each of the at least some transducers.

50. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set includes removing an electrogram in the displayed at least part of theelectrogram set and adding an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

51. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set includes adding to the displayed at least part of the electrogram set an electrogram derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by at least part of the particular transducer set.

52. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the electrogram set comprises a plurality of electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers, and wherein the displayed at least part of the electrogram set is less than all of the plurality of electrograms.

53. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the display of the at least part of the electrogram set is a visual stacking of electrograms in the at least part of the electrogram set.

54. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the display of the ordered arrangement of electrograms is a visual stacking of electrograms in the ordered arrangement of electrograms.

55. The medical system of Claim 54, wherein the electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicates a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers, and wherein the visual stacking of electrograms is in a visual order consistent with the time sequence of detection of the common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers.

56. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of agraphical display of (a) the particular transducer set to indicate the positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction, (b) the ordered arrangement of electrograms including the electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, or both (a) and (b).

57. The medical system of Claim 56, wherein the electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicates a direction among the at least some transducers, the direction among the at least some transducers consistent with a time sequence of detection of a common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the at least some transducers, and wherein the added or altered graphical labeling set includes a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a sequence of numbers associated with (i) the particular transducer set, (ii) the ordered arrangement of electrograms, or both (i) and (ii), the visually displayed sequence of numbers visually displayed in a visual arrangement consistent with the time sequence of detection of the common feature in the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers.

58. The medical system of Claim 56, wherein the added or altered graphical labeling set includes a visual display, via the input-output device system, of a plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively, each transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers being unique from every other transducer identifier of the plurality of transducer identifiers.

59. The medical system of Claim 58, wherein, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers are not visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

60. The medical system of Claim 58, wherein, in a state in which the plurality of transducer identifiers associated with the particular transducer set respectively are visually displayed via the input-output device system, transducer identifiers are not visually displayed viathe input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

61. The medical system of Claim 56, wherein, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling is not visually displayed via the input-output device system for at least some transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

62. The medical system of Claim 56, wherein, in a state in which the added or altered graphical labeling set is visually displayed via the input-output device system, graphical labeling is not visually displayed via the input-output device system for all other transducers of the plurality of transducers besides the particular transducer set.

63. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers are configured to ablate tissue and sense the electrophysiological activity information.

64. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set include bipolar electrograms.

65. The medical system of Claim 41, wherein the ordered arrangement of electrograms, the electrogram set, or both the ordered arrangement of electrograms and the electrogram set include unipolar electrograms.

66. A method executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method comprising: receiving, via the input-output device system, input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers;identifying an electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicated by at least part of the received input; causing, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; receiving, via the input-output device system, first information indicating a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; and causing, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate a positional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

67. One or more computer-readable storage mediums storing a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program comprising: first reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; identification instructions configured to cause identification of an electrophysiological activity propagation direction indicated by at least part of the received input; display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system, display of at least part of an electrogram set; second reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of first information indicating a particular transducer set from the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received first information, altering of the display of the at least part of the electrogram set, the altering resulting in a display of an ordered arrangement of electrograms including electrograms derived from the electrophysiological activity information sensed by the particular transducer set, the ordered arrangement of electrograms configured to indicate apositional relationship between the particular transducer set and the identified electrophysiological activity propagation direction.

68. A medical system comprising: a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to: receive input via the input-output device system and from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; cause, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation, the graphical representation including a graphical display of a map of a plurality of regions derived from the sensed electrophysiological activity information, each region of the plurality of regions indicating a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set; display, via the input-output device system and in a first state of the graphical representation, a first representative electrogram set derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions; identify a selection of at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set; and cause, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the selection of the at least part of the first representative electrogram set, an altering of the first state of the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a previously nonincluded electrogram set derived from a corresponding subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the particular region of the plurality of regions, the previously non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the selection of the at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set.

69. The medical system of Claim 68, wherein, in the first state of the displayed graphical representation and for each respective region of the plurality of regions, a respective representative electrogram set derived from a respective subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information is displayed as associated with the respective region, the respective representative electrogram set including less than all electrograms available from the sensed electrophysiological activity information for the respective region.

70. The medical system of Claim 69, wherein the respective representative electrogram set is derived from a median or mean of a plurality of value sets associated with the respective subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information.

71. The medical system of Claim 69, wherein, for each respective representative electrogram set, the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: identify a respective selection of at least part of the displayed respective representative electrogram set; and cause, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the respective selection of the at least part of the respective representative electrogram set, the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a particular previously nonincluded electrogram set derived from at least part of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the respective region of the plurality of regions, the particular previously non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the respective selection of the at least part of the displayed respective representative electrogram set.

72. The medical system of Claim 69, wherein each respective region of the plurality of regions is displayed at least in the first state of the graphical representation with a respective visual characteristic set that visually distinguishes the respective region from all other regions of the plurality of regions.

73. The medical system of Claim 69, wherein each respective visual characteristic set is a unique color compared to all other of the respective visual characteristic sets, such that all respective visual characteristic sets have a different color at least in the first state of the graphical representation.

74. The medical system of Claim 73, wherein each respective representative electrogram set is displayed at least in the first state of the graphical representation as including a color that corresponds to the unique color of the respective visual characteristic set of the respective region associated with the respective representative electrogram set.

75. A method executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method comprising: receiving, via the input-output device system, input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; causing, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation, the graphical representation including a graphical display of a map of a plurality of regions derived from the sensed electrophysiological activity information, each region of the plurality of regions indicating a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set; displaying, via the input-output device system and in a first state of the graphical representation, a first representative electrogram set derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions; identifying a selection of at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set; and causing, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the selection of the at least part of the first representative electrogram set, an altering of the first state of the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a previously nonincluded electrogram set derived from a corresponding subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the particular region of the plurality of regions, the previously non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the selection of the at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set.

76. One or more computer-readable storage mediums storing a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, theinput-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program comprising: reception instructions configured to cause reception, via the input-output device system, of input from each transducer of at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the input indicating electrophysiological activity information sensed by each transducer of the at least some transducers from the plurality of transducers; first display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system, display of a graphical representation, the graphical representation including a graphical display of a map of a plurality of regions derived from the sensed electrophysiological activity information, each region of the plurality of regions indicating a respective value set of a particular electrophysiological activity parameter set; second display instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in a first state of the graphical representation, display of a first representative electrogram set derived from a particular subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with a particular region of the plurality of regions; identification instructions configured to cause identification of a selection of at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and at least in response to the identifying of the selection of the at least part of the first representative electrogram set, an altering of the first state of the displayed graphical representation to add a graphical display of a previously non-included electrogram set derived from a corresponding subset of the sensed electrophysiological activity information associated with the particular region of the plurality of regions, the previously non-included electrogram set not displayed just prior to the selection of the at least part of the displayed first representative electrogram set.

77. A medical system comprising: a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to:receive user input via the input-output device system, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers; and cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received user input, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set.

78. A method executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method comprising: receiving user input via the input-output device system, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers; and causing, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received user input, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set.

79. One or more computer-readable storage mediums storing a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program comprising: reception instructions configured to cause reception of user input via the input-output device system, the user input indicating a prioritization of a particular transducer set from the plurality of transducers; and altering instructions configured to cause, via the input-output device system and in response to at least the received user input, adding or altering of a graphical labeling set of a graphical display of the particular transducer set in a manner consistent with the indicated prioritization of the particular transducer set.

80. A medical system comprising: a data processing device system;an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to: identify a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms, the first plurality of electrograms based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location, and each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats; cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set; and cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

81. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of a second electrogram set other than the representative electrogram but from the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms from which the representative electrogram is at least machine selected or machine derived, the second electrogram set displayed with a third visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

82. The medical system of Claim 81, wherein the third visual characteristic set is different than the second visual characteristic set.

83. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the first electrogram set includes the representative electrogram, such that the representative electrogram is displayed at least twice at a same time.

84. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein each electrogram of the first electrogram set is associated with a different heartbeat of the multiple heartbeats.

85. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the representative electrogram is machine derived from the multiple electrograms of the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms.

86. The medical system of Claim 85, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to machine select or machine derive the representative electrogram from the multiple electrograms based at least on a respective average or percentile of each of one or more waveform parameters of the multiple electrograms.

87. The medical system of Claim 86, wherein the one or more waveform parameters include multiple waveform parameters.

88. The medical system of Claim 86, wherein the one or more waveform parameters include (a) peak-to-peak voltage, (b) local activation time, or (a) and (b).

89. The medical system of Claim 86, wherein the multiple electrograms include particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms, and wherein the particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms are based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a same transducer in the first transducer set.

90. The medical system of Claim 86, wherein the multiple electrograms include particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms, and wherein the particular electrograms from the at least some of the first plurality of electrograms are based at least on the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by multiple transducers in the first transducer set.

91. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of a map of at least a portion of the bodily cavity including a map location corresponding to the tissue surface location; and identify, via a particular selection, the map location, which corresponds to the tissue surface location.

92. The medical system of Claim 91, wherein the particular selection is a user selection received via the input-output device system.

93. The medical system of Claim 91, wherein the particular selection is a particular machine selection, and wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to perform the particular machine selection of the map location, which corresponds to the tissue surface location.

94. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, display of a map of at least a portion of the bodily cavity; receive, via the input-output device system, a user selection of a first map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity, the first map location corresponding to a spatial location in the bodily cavity; and identify, before identifying the representative electrogram, a second map location that corresponds to the tissue surface location, the second map location identified due at least to the tissue surface location being a particular physical distance from the spatial location corresponding to the first map location.

95. The medical system of Claim 94, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to: cause, via the input-output device system, concurrent display of (a) the user selected first map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity with a third visual characteristic set, and (b) the identified second map location on the map of the at least the portion of the bodily cavity with a fourth visual characteristic set different than the third visual characteristic set.

96. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to determine the first transducer set as being within a determined radius from the tissue surface location.

97. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to perform the identification of the representative electrogram at least in response to a determination that the first electrophysiological activity information was recorded by the first transducer set in a state in which the first transducer set exhibited sufficient transducer-to-tissue contact.

98. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the data processing device system is configured by the program at least to determine each electrogram in the multiple electrograms as having a minimum voltage amplitude or reliable local activation time.

99. The medical system of Claim 81, wherein the representative electrogram displayed with the first visual characteristic set is displayed in an overlapping arrangement with the second electrogram set, which is displayed with the third visual characteristic set.

100. The medical system of Claim 99, wherein the overlapping arrangement is enabled via a user selection of a corresponding option in a graphical user interface.

101. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the first transducer set, which recorded the first electrophysiological activity information, includes multiple transducers from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system.

102. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the first electrogram set displayed with the second visual characteristic set excludes the representative electrogram, which is displayed with the first visual characteristic set.

103. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the first plurality of electrograms include bipolar electrograms.

104. The medical system of Claim 80, wherein the first plurality of electrograms include unipolar electrograms.

105. A method executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method comprising: identifying a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms, the first plurality of electrograms based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location, and each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats; causing display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set; and causing, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

106. One or more computer-readable storage mediums storing a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program comprising: identification instructions configured to cause identification of a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms, the first plurality of electrograms based at least on firstelectrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location, and each electrogram of at least some of the first plurality of electrograms associated with a different heartbeat of multiple heartbeats; and first display instructions configured to cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set second display instructions configured to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

107. A medical system comprising: a data processing device system; an input-output device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity; and a memory device system communicatively connected to the data processing device system and storing a program executable by the data processing device system, the data processing device system configured by the program at least to: identify a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms, the first plurality of electrograms based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location; cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set; and cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a firstelectrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

108. A method executed by a data processing device system according to a program stored by a communicatively connected memory device system, the data processing device system also communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the method comprising: identifying a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms, the first plurality of electrograms based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality of transducers of the catheter device system, the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location; causing display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set; and causing, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

109. One or more computer-readable storage mediums storing a program executable by a data processing device system communicatively connected to an input-output device system, the input-output device system communicatively connected to a catheter device system comprising a plurality of transducers positionable within a bodily cavity, and the program comprising: identification instructions configured to cause identification of a representative electrogram associated with a tissue surface location in the bodily cavity, the representative electrogram identified at least by a machine selection or a machine derivation from at least part of a first plurality of electrograms, the at least part of the first plurality of electrograms including multiple electrograms, the first plurality of electrograms based at least on first electrophysiological activity information recorded by a first transducer set from the plurality oftransducers of the catheter device system, the first electrophysiological activity information recorded by the first transducer set at, or at least proximate, the tissue surface location; first display instructions configured to cause display, via the input-output device system, of the representative electrogram with a first visual characteristic set; and second display instructions configured to cause, concurrently with the display of the representative electrogram with the first visual characteristic set and via the input-output device system, display of at least a first electrogram set from the first plurality of electrograms, the first electrogram set displayed with a second visual characteristic set different than the first visual characteristic set.

110. A computer program product comprising program code portions for performing the steps of method Claim 39, method Claim 66, method Claim 75, method Claim 78, method claim 105, or method Claim 108, when the computer program product is executed by a computing device.

111. The computer program product of Claim 110, stored on one or more computer readable storage mediums.

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