Methods for a-IOT system inventory
By employing single and multiple tone waveforms with frequency hopping and session flags, along with priority-based inventory mechanisms, the A-IoT system addresses inefficiencies in D2R communication, enhancing inventory efficiency and accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/111140
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing inventory procedures in ambient IoT (A-IoT) systems are inefficient and lack flexibility in device-to-reader (D2R) communication, particularly in terms of frequency hopping and session management, which affects the overall efficiency and accuracy of inventory processes.
The implementation of single tone and multiple tone waveforms with frequency hopping, session flags, and priority-based inventory mechanisms, along with power management and state transitions, to enhance D2R communication and improve inventory efficiency.
Enhances the efficiency and accuracy of A-IoT inventory processes by optimizing frequency hopping, session management, and device prioritization, thereby reducing latency and improving overall system performance.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024111140_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS FOR A-IOT SYSTEM INVENTORYFIELD
[0001] The invention discussed below relates generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to method for A-IoT inventory.BACKGROUND
[0002] For ambient IoT (A-IoT) inventory, the inventory procedure is triggered by the reader by a reader-to-device (R2D) transmission. Different inventory mechanisms are design in this disclosure. Device can start a device-to-reader (D2R) transmission with backscattering method based on the carrier wave (CW) provided externally. The CW can be transmitted with different characteristics including single tone without frequency hopping, single tone with frequency hopping and multiple tone.SUMMARY
[0003] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0004] Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to the inventory procedure and CW design for a A-IoT system. Specifically, The CW and / or R2D can be characterized as single tone waveform (e.g., sinusoid) w / o frequency hopping, single tone waveform w / frequency hopping, and / or multiple single tone with a gap between two adjacent tones. For the case of single tone waveform w / frequency hopping, the location of the single tone can be indicated by the reader and / or (pre-) configured.
[0005] Additionally, different inventory mechanisms are disclosed. Each inventory is targeted for a session. The session is identified by the session flag. The reader can start an inventory with different session flags and / or same session flag sequentially. Alternatively, the reader can start an inventory with different session flags parallelly. A session flag can be carried in R2D transmission (e.g., A-IoT paging) when reader start an inventory. From device perspective, multiple session flags are (pre-) defined. The device responses to one or multiple R2D transmission (s) if the session flag indicated by the R2D transmission match one of the session flags (pre-) defined for the device. Besides, the device can be authorized with difference priority when join an inventory session based on the device characteristics including device remaining power level, device state, device cryptographic results, device type.
[0006] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed figures set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary diagram of the communication between reader and device based on frequency hopping between two channels or tones, where / reader and CW emitter are same.
[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary diagram of the communication between reader and device based on frequency hopping between two channels or tones, where reader and CW emitter are different and reader indicate the channel or tone used for the immediately following one CW transmission from CW emitter to device.
[0009] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary diagram of the communication between reader and device based on frequency hopping between two channels or tones, where reader and CW emitter are different and reader indicate a set of channels or tones used for the following multiple CW transmissions from CW emitter to device.
[0010] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary diagram of multiple inventory rounds with same or different session flag.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0012] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0013] This invention is motived by, but not limited to, a scenario of A-IoT, where an inventory procedures is triggered by the reader, and the device send response to the reader based on the CW transmitted externally.
[0014] In one aspect of the disclosure, the CW is single tone waveform w / frequency hopping. In this case, for the initial / 1st transmission (e.g., paging) from the reader, the frequency location of the CW is (pre-) defined and / or (pre-) configured in a default fixed location. One filed in the R2D transmission can be used for indicating the frequency location of the following R2D transmission (s) . The frequency location of the CW can be indicated by an absolute value (e.g., ARFCN) . Alternatively, multiple channels / frequency lattice can be (pre-) defined and / or (pre-) configured, the frequency location of the CW can be indicated by the index of the channel. The indication can be for one deice, a group of devices, and / or all devices.
[0015] In another aspect of the disclosure, a gap between multiple single-tone can be (pre-) defined and / or (pre-) configured. The gap b / w two adjacent single-tones should be no smaller than the coherence BW of the channel. The gap b / w two adjacent single-tones should be no smaller than the transmission BW of the corresponding D2R. Assuming Bcoherence is the coherence bandwidth of the channel, and Btx, D2R is the transmission bandwidth of the D2R transmission, then the gap is determined by Gap ≥max {Bcoherence, Btx, D2R} .
[0016] In another aspect of the disclosure, the R2D transmission can be performed in a manner of frequency hopping. In this case, an indicator in the R2D transmission can be used for indicating the frequency resource used for the current R2D transmission and / or next R2D transmission (s) . For example, the frequency resource can be divided as a channel set comprising with multiple channels each with a specific size (e.g., 180 / 200kHz) , and the channel index. The first R2D transmission in transmitted in a default channel index. The channel index used for non-initial R2D transmission (s) can be indicated in the precious R2D transmission. The channel index used for the D2R transmission is determined by the channel index of the corresponding CW. As an example shown in Figure 1, the frequency domain resource is divided into multiple channels (channel #0 to channel #3) each with a fixed size (e.g., 200kHz) . Among the (pre-) defined channel set, channel #0, i.e., CH#0 in Figure 1, is (pre-) defined as the default channel. The initial or 1st transmission from the reader to device (R2D) will be transmitted over channel #0 by default. A field in the R2D transmission (e.g., the 1st R2D transmission) can be used to indicate on which channel, the next R2D (e.g., the 2nd R2D transmission) will be transmitted. For example, the field could be {00, 01, 10, 11} to indicate the channel index of {channel #0, channel #1, channel #2, channel #3} , respectively.
[0017] In another aspect of the disclosure, the channel or tone used for D2R transmission is determined by the channel or tone used for the CW transmission from the CW emitter. The CW emitter could be reader, and the example is as shown in Figure 1. The CW emitter could be independent from reader. In this case, the channel or tone can be used by the CW for CW transmission is indicated by the reader. The reader can indicate one channel or tone index used for one CW transmission at each time (as shown in Figure 2) . Alternatively, the reader can indicate multiple channel tone indexes for multiple CW transmissions at one time (as shown in Figure 3) . The channel or tone index used for CW transmission can be same or different with the channel or tone index immediately before the CW transmission.
[0018] In another aspect, regarding the frequency hopping of one single channel, the frequency hopping pattern are defined. For example, it can be random frequency hopping. In this pattern, the channel used for R2D transmission is randomly selected from the (pre-) defined channel set. It can be pseudorandom random frequency hopping. In this pattern, the channel used for R2D transmission is determined pseudorandom sequence generator. It can be determined by the channel condition, interference level. For example, a worse channel condition for a large gap between the channel indexes used for two adjacent R2D transmissions. It can be hopped between predetermined frequencies at a specific interval or interval window.
[0019] In another aspect of the disclosure, a control information can be transmitted in the R2D transmission. The control information is L1 and / or higher layer control including one or multiple of time and / or frequency resource allocation for the corresponding D2R transmissions, time and / or frequency resource allocation for R2D transmissions, MCS / coding rate / BLF for R2D and D2R transmissions, TBS of R2D and / or D2R transmission, Device ID and / or device group ID and / or device type and / or cast type, repetition information of the R2D and / or D2R transmission.
[0020] In another aspect of the disclosure, one or multiple of the following information can be used for determining the TBS physical can deliver, and / or report from physical to MAC for indicating the TBS can be delivered by physical layer: available resource, device available energy or availability duration, device buffer size.
[0021] In another aspect of the disclosure, different session flags can be (pre-) defined and / or (pre-) configured. Different session flags in R2D transmission are used for indicating different inventories. From reader perspective, it can trigger different inventories with same or different session flags sequentially i.e., the next inventory is triggered after the previous inventory procedure. Alternatively, multiple inventories with same or different sessions can be trigger parallelly, i.e., the next inventory is triggered within the previous inventory procedure. In this case, same or different backscattering link frequency (BLF) can be indicated for different session flags. The BLF is to determine the backscattering frequency of the D2R transmission from the device. The backscattering frequency can be indicated via indicating the factor of line coding. For example, the number of chips, or the number of on-off pulses for delivering one information bit within a specific duration. From the reader perspective, to distinguish the session flag of the backscattered D2R transmission, one method is based on the different BLF of the D2R transmission. Alternatively, the session flag can be carried in the D2R transmission.
[0022] As an example shown in Figure 2, the 1st inventory (i.e., inventory #1) is triggered by a R2D transmission. A session flag #1 (i.e., SF#1) is indicated by the R2D transmission. The backscattering link frequency is indicated at frequency-1 (e.g., f1) . After receiving the R2D transmission, the flags (pre-) defined w / session flag #1 will response a D2R at frequency-1. During the procedure of inventory#1, inventory #2 triggered by a 2nd R2D transmission. A session flag #2 is indicated in this R2D. The backscattering link frequency is indicated at frequency-1 (e.g., f2) . After receiving the 2nd R2D transmission, the flags (pre-) defined w / session flag #2 will response a D2R at frequency-2. Similar, during the procedure of inventory#1 and inventory #2, inventory #3 triggered by a 3rd R2D transmission. A session flag #1 is indicated in this R2D. The backscattering link frequency is indicated at frequency-3 (e.g., f3) . After receiving the R2D transmission, the flags (pre-) defined w / session flag #1 will response a D2R at frequency-3.
[0023] In another aspect of the disclosure, the power level of the device can be indicated in the R2D transmission. Different power level can be (pre-) defined and / or (pre-) configured. For example, only two levels can be used for indicating whether the device remaining power is sufficient or not for performing one operation. Alternatively, multiple power level can be used for indicating the remaining power level of the device by a bitmap.
[0024] In another aspect of the disclosure, different priority can be used for prioritize the inventory of one or multiple devices. The priority can be determined based on a device characteristic. The device characteristic includes remaining power level of the device, state of the device (ON / SLEEP / OFF state) , device cryptographic results, device power consumption level. For example, for the device with lower remaining power level, and / or a higher power consumption level, a higher priority can be allocated for the device to response the D2R. For the device allocated with higher priority, a smaller range can be used for generating the slot index for the corresponding D2R transmission.
[0025] In another aspect of the disclosure, during one inventory procedure, the device can have a re-transmission. The retransmission can occur during the current inventory procedure. In this case, the deice can re-generate a slot counter for determining the D2R transmission timing. The range of the re-generated slot counter should be within (N1, N2) . N1 is determined the slot index where the device decide to re-generate a slot counter, and N2 is the max slot counter, which is determined by 2Q-1 with Q indicated by the corresponding R2D transmission.
[0026] In another aspect of the disclosure, different states, the function of each state, and the situation for triggering the state transfer are specified. Specifically, ON state is defined. In ON state, device can perform transmission, reception, clock counting, and / or energy harvesting. OFF-1 state is defined. In OFF-1 state, device cannot perform transmission, reception, or clock counting, but can perform energy harvesting. OFF-2 state is defined. In OFF-2 state, device cannot perform transmission, reception, but can perform clock counting and energy harvesting. State transfer from ON to OFF-1 and / or OFF-2 is triggered by the remaining energy level. For example, when the remaining energy level below a threshold, device will transfer from ON to OFF-1 and / or OFF-2. State transfer from OFF-1 to ON is triggered by the remaining energy level. For example, when the remaining energy level above a threshold, device will transfer from OFF-1 to ON. State transfer from OFF-2 to ON is triggered by the clock counting. For example, when the clock counting to a specific duration, device will transfer from OFF-2 to ON.
[0027] In another aspect of the disclosure, a preamble preceding each R2D and D2R transmission is proposed. Alternatively, within a specific T, the 1st R2D and / or D2R transmission should be started with a preamble, the following R2D and / or D2R transmission does not need a preamble preceding the corresponding transmission.
[0028] In another aspect of the disclosure, for the inventory procedure, the latency is defined as oThe time interval between the time that the inventory request is sent from BS / intermediate UE to a A-IoT device and the time that the inventory report is successfully received at BS / intermediate UE from the A-IoT device. The inventory request refers to A-IoT paging. The inventory report refers to Device ID transmission.
[0029] In another aspect of the disclosure, the device can perform timing correction based on the preamble and / or line coding in corresponding R2D transmission. Multiple residual sampling frequency offset (SFO) after timing correction can be defined as a residual SFO set, e.g., {10, 20, 50, 100, 500} . In this case, device can report the one value in the residual SFO set to reader in the PDRCH transmission.
[0030] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “UE, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0031] While aspects of the present disclosure have been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments thereof that are proposed as examples, alternatives, modifications, and variations to the examples may be made. Accordingly, embodiments as set forth herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. There are changes that may be made without departing from the scope of the claims set forth below.
Claims
1.A method for A-IoT system inventory, wherein the method relates to an inventory procedure for a A-IoT system.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency domain resource is divided as multiple tones or channels each with a specific index and size.3.The method of claim 2, wherein CW is transmitted by a CW emitter on one single tone or channels without frequency hopping, multiple tones or channels with gap between two adjacent tones or channels, and / or single tone or channel with frequency hopping.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the transmission method and tone or channel information (e.g., tone or channel index) of the CW is indicated by the reader to the CW emitter with a filed in DCI over Uu, and / or SCI over PC5.5.The method of claim 2, wherein the R2D is transmitted on one single tone or channel with frequency hopping.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the initial R2D is transmitted on a default tone or channel.7.The method of claim 5, wherein the non-initial R2D is transmitted on a tone or channel indicated by the previous R2D transmission.8.The method of method 5, wherein the tone or channel used for R2D transmission is determined based a random manner, pseudorandom manner, channel condition, hop between predetermined channel indexes at specific time intervals.9.The method of claim 5, wherein one or multiple pattern (s) of frequency hopping is (pre-) defined and / or (pre-) configured as a frequency hopping pattern set.10.The method off claim 8, wherein one of the frequency hopping pattern set is indicated in the initial R2D transmission.11.The method of claim 1, wherein reader starts an inventory with different session flags and / or same session flag sequentially.12.The method of claim 1, wherein reader starts an inventory with different session flags parallelly.13.The method of claim 1, wherein a session flag is carried in R2D transmission (e.g., A-IoT paging) when reader start an inventory.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the device responses to one or multiple R2D transmission (s) if the session flag indicated by the R2D transmission match one of the session flags (pre-) defined for the device.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the device is authorized with difference priority when join an inventory session based on the device characteristics including device remaining power level, device state, device cryptographic results, device type.16.The method of claim 1, wherein a control information in R2D includes one or multiple of time and / or frequency resource allocation for the corresponding D2R transmissions, time and / or frequency resource allocation for R2D transmissions, MCS / coding rate / BLF for R2D and D2R transmissions, TBS of R2D and / or D2R transmission, Device ID and / or device group ID and / or device type and / or cast type, repetition information of the R2D and / or D2R transmission.17.The method of claim 1, wherein a control information in D2R includes one or multiple of ACK / NACK-like information, device available energy information, and device sustainability duration.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the ACK / NACK-like information is a simple indication (e.g., one bit of 0 or 1) to indicate whether the command from reader is successfully executed by the reader or a string-like sequence to indicate the error type countered by the device.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method for providing identification and access with respect to a radio-frequency tag
CN108229230A
Page scanning devices, computer-readable media, and methods for bluetooth page scanning using a wideband receiver
US10659099B1
Radio Frequency Identification Scanning Using The Internet of Things
US20200320469A1
Device and method of communication
WO2024148575A1