Substrate for large pear sapling in nutrient pot and application thereof

Abstract

A substrate for a large pear sapling in a nutrient pot, which is prepared by uniformly mixing 1-2 parts by volume of garden soil and 1 part by volume of peat. The substrate facilitates growth in large pear saplings in nutrient pots, exhibiting a more stable survival rate and higher biomass accumulation, with lower seedling cultivation costs. Also disclosed is a cultivation method for large pear saplings in nutrient pots using the substrate.

Description

Pyrus pashia nutrient pot seedling substrate and application thereof

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411065511.1, filed on August 5, 2024, and entitled "Pyrus pashia nutrient pot seedling substrate and application thereof", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a Pyrus pashia nutrient pot seedling substrate and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0003] The conventional orchard of pear industry usually adopts traditional open field seedlings. Due to the low degree of standardized production, combined with the long juvenile period of pear trees, there are problems such as uneven appearance after orchard establishment, long slow-growing period, and slow effect, which seriously restricts the quality and rapid profit of newly established pear orchards. Container seedlings have the advantages of uniform emergence, high survival rate after transplanting, and shortened orchard establishment time. Cultivating nutrient pot seedlings with developed root systems and healthy growth is particularly suitable for large-scale orchard establishment and early income, which will promote the quality and growth rate of the pear industry. Although the market demand for high-quality pear seedlings is strong, the lack of technical support for the cultivation of nutrient pot seedlings leads to high seedling cost. During the cultivation of container seedlings, the substrate affects the survival rate and growth potential of the seedlings, and determines the overall quality of the seedlings, so a reasonable substrate formula is a key factor in seedling cultivation.

[0004] Currently, substrate seedling technology has been widely used in the process of horticultural crop cultivation. The seedling substrate is usually composed of peat, perlite, vermiculite, coconut husk, sawdust, etc., but the substrate ratio suitable for different species is different. Studies have found that the survival rate of strawberry sugar-free tissue culture seedlings reaches 100% when the substrate is composed of grass charcoal, vermiculite, and perlite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1. Among 11 kinds of seedling formulas with mature rice husk as the main material, it is found that the mixed substrate of mature rice husk, vermiculite, and perlite in a ratio of 6:2:2 is the best for cultivating tomatoes and lettuce, and the strong seedling index is increased by 82.76% and 184.80% respectively compared with the control. Among 11 kinds of substrates composed of grass charcoal, vermiculite, and perlite, the optimal composite substrate ratio for pepper plug and floating seedling is 1:1:1 and 2:2:1 respectively. When the grass charcoal and yellow mud are mixed at a ratio of 8:2, the seedling height, ground diameter, root length, and fresh weight of the Australian nut seedlings are significantly higher than those of the control group.

[0005] Previous studies have analyzed the effects of different complex substrates on the growth of pear seedlings, but even under the best formula conditions, the key physiological indicators such as plant height, aboveground and main root thickness of pear seedlings still have a distance from the fast-growing large seedling standard. For example, under the treatment condition of peat: perlite = 4:1, the plant height, stem thickness and root system of pear seedlings reached the maximum, which were 24.44 cm, 2.71 mm and 4.22 cm, respectively. The use of 30% peat + 20% perlite + 10% Trichoderma biological organic fertilizer + 40% fermented sawdust for the cultivation of container pear seedlings achieved the best effect, with plant height at the level of 70-80 cm, stem thickness in the range of 7-8 mm, and aboveground and root dry weights of 65.93 g and 45.25 g, respectively. However, the current expected pear seedling quality standard is plant height of more than 130 cm, and stem thickness should reach more than 12 mm (see local standard "Pear Production Technical Specification" DB11 / T 1085-2022). Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the substrate ratio conditions and further improve the levels of key physiological indicators such as plant height, stem thickness, main root volume, aboveground dry weight and main root dry weight to meet the actual industrial needs of pear tree nutrition pot large seedlings. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a pear tree nutrition pot large seedling substrate and its application, which can provide a basis for pear tree nutrition pot large seedling substrate formula selection.

[0007] The first object of the present application is to provide a pear tree nutrition pot large seedling cultivation substrate, which is prepared by mixing 1-2 parts by volume of farmland soil and 1 part by volume of grass carbon.

[0008] Preferably, the cultivation substrate is prepared by mixing 1 part by volume of farmland soil and 1 part by volume of grass carbon.

[0009] The second object of the present application is to provide a pear tree nutrition pot large seedling cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. The cultivation substrate is loaded into a nutrition pot;

[0011] S2. One-year-old grafted pear seedlings are transplanted into the nutrition pot loaded with the cultivation substrate in step S1, and the grafting interface is cut short at 10 cm;

[0012] S3. Conventional cultivation management is performed.

[0013] Preferably, the grafted pear seedlings are Cui Guan variety grafted seedlings.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0015] The compound substrate prepared by mixing the farmland soil and the grass charcoal at a volume ratio of 1-2:1 can improve the physical and chemical properties of the compound substrate, promote the growth of the pear tree large seedling in the nutrient bowl, show more stable survival rate, higher biomass accumulation, and lower seedling raising cost, and can provide a basis for the pear tree large seedling substrate formula selection, and has higher popularization and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative labor based on these drawings.

[0017] Fig. 1 is the influence of different substrate treatments on the leaves of the pear seedling in the nutrient bowl; wherein T1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 9 / 10 respectively represent 9 kinds of substrate ratio treatments, and different lowercase letters represent that the difference between the treatments reaches a significant level (p<0.05);

[0018] Fig. 2 is the influence of different substrate treatments on the aboveground growth; wherein T1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 9 / 10 respectively represent 9 kinds of substrate ratio treatments, and different lowercase letters represent that the difference between the treatments reaches a significant level (p<0.05);

[0019] Fig. 3 is the influence of different substrate treatments on the main root; wherein T1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 9 / 10 respectively represent 9 kinds of substrate ratio treatments, and different lowercase letters represent that the difference between the treatments reaches a significant level (p<0.05);

[0020] Fig. 4 is the influence of different substrate treatments on the lateral root and the fibrous root; T1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 9 / 10 respectively represent 9 kinds of substrate ratio treatments, and different lowercase letters represent that the difference between the treatments reaches a significant level (p<0.05);

[0021] Fig. 5 is the growth of the large seedling in the nutrient bowl in summer;

[0022] Fig. 6 is the growth of the large seedling in the nutrient bowl after being planted in the pear orchard. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following embodiments are further illustrations of the present application, but are not limitations on the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] Embodiment 1

[0025] 1. Materials and methods

[0026] 1.1 Test material

[0027] The experiment was conducted in the experimental garden of Fruit and Tea Research Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The test pear seedlings were one-year-old 'Cui Guan' (Pyrus Pyrifolia) grafted seedlings.

[0028] 1.2 Test design

[0029] The goal of pear tree pot seedling breeding is "strong seedlings, enough seedlings, and uniform seedlings", and the seedling substrate is an important foundation. Different proportions of substrate have different effects on seedling growth. As shown in Table 1, the substrate raw materials were mixed and adjusted into a compound substrate according to different volume proportions, and then placed in the nutrient pot; select grafting seedlings with consistent growth and no pests and diseases, and plant them in the nutrient pots with each compound substrate before germination in March 2023, and pour enough water to fix the roots. The experiment set up 10 groups of compound substrates, and selected 20 pear seedlings as biological repeats in each compound substrate group. After planting, the grafting interface was cut short at 10 cm to promote vigorous branch growth. After germination, select one straight branch and bind it to a bamboo pole to induce upward growth. Nutrient pot seedlings have a large demand for nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented with a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Use the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system to "frequently and thinly apply". During the new shoot growth period, the concentration of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer should not exceed 0.2%, and fertilization should be done every 3-5 days; from the end of June to the middle of August, apply phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer every 10-15 days, with a fertilizer concentration of about 0.3%; spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times in September to promote branch aging. The growth of the nutrient pot seedlings in summer is shown in Figure 5.

[0030] Table 1 Different compound substrate treatments

[0031] 1.3 Measurement method

[0032] After 9 months of growth, the survival rate of the plants was measured. The nutrient pot seedlings were washed with water and dried, and the relevant measurement methods were referred to previous research methods (Ye Haiping, Liu Gaoping, Wang Yan, et al. Effects of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth and development of red beauty pot seedlings [J]. Zhejiang Citrus, 2021, 38(2): 14-16.). Plant height, stem thickness, leaf thickness, root length and other morphological indicators can directly reflect the growth and nutritional status of the plants.

[0033] Aboveground physiological indicators: the height (accurate to 1 cm) and fresh weight (accurate to 0.01 g) of the aboveground part (1 cm above the grafting interface to the top of the seedling) of the pear seedling were measured using a steel tape measure and an electronic scale. The thickness of the pear seedling (diameter length at 1 cm above the grafting interface, accurate to 0.01 mm) was measured using a vernier caliper. Ten leaves were randomly selected from the pear seedling, and their fresh weight was measured using an electronic scale to calculate the single leaf weight; the thickness of the leaves was randomly measured at 6 points (technical repeats) using a vernier caliper to calculate the single leaf thickness.

[0034] Root physiological index: The root diameter (1 cm below the grafting interface) was measured by vernier caliper. The root (1 cm below the grafting interface) was put into a graduated cylinder filled with water, and the volume of the overflowed water was the volume of the root tissue (accurate to 1 cm3). The fresh weight of the root was measured by electronic scale.

[0035] The samples of aboveground and underground parts were placed in an oven at 105°C for 2 h to kill the enzymes, and then dried at 80°C until the weight was constant. The dry weight was measured after cooling.

[0036] 1.4 Data analysis

[0037] One-way ANOVA was performed by SPSS 19.0, and Duncan's multiple comparison test was used to determine the significance of differences between treatments (P < 0.05).

[0038] 2 Results and analysis

[0039] 2.1 Effects of different compound substrates on the survival rate of pear seedlings

[0040] The survival rates of the 10 tested substrate formulations were 85% to 100%, except for T8 (65%), which did not meet the production application and promotion standards. Therefore, the T8 group was not analyzed for physiological indicators.

[0041] 2.2 Effects of different compound substrates on the growth of the aboveground parts of pear seedlings

[0042] The average single leaf weight of the pot seedlings was the highest in T3 (2.79 g, Fig. 1A), which was significantly higher than that of the control (T1, field soil), but not significantly different from that of T2, T4, and T7. The leaf thickness was the highest in T4 (0.354 mm), followed by T3 and T7, which were significantly higher than that of the other groups (Fig. 1B). These results indicated that T3, T4, and T7 significantly improved the leaf biomass accumulation of the pot seedlings.

[0043] The height of pear seedlings in different compound substrates showed significant differences (Fig. 2A). The two groups with the highest height were T3 and T2, reaching 271 cm and 259 cm, respectively, followed by T4, T9, T6, T10, T7, T5 and T1. The T3 group, which had the highest height of the aboveground part, was 76.51% higher than the T1 group with the lowest height. In terms of aboveground diameter, the T2, T3, T4, T9 and T10 groups all had a diameter of more than 15.50 mm, which was significantly different from the other groups; the T1 group had a significantly smaller diameter than the other groups (Fig. 2B). Overall, the T2, T3 and T4 groups had certain advantages in terms of aboveground height and diameter.

[0044] The fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part showed significant differences under the nine formula substrate conditions, and showed a consistent change pattern, i.e. T2 > T3 > T4 > T9 > T6 > T7 > T10 > T5 > T1. The fresh weight of the aboveground part of T2, T3, T4 and T9 was significantly higher than that of the other groups, all of which were more than 360.00 g (Fig. 2C); the dry weight of the aboveground part of T2 and T3 was 228.55 g and 226.44 g, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups (Fig. 2D). The fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of T2, T3, T4 and T9 were more than twice the level of the control group T1. The comprehensive data results showed that the compound substrates of T2, T3, T4 and T9 showed a relatively good effect on promoting the accumulation of aboveground biomass of pear seedlings.

[0045] 2.3 Effects of different formula substrates on the growth of the underground part of pear seedlings

[0046] The fresh weight and dry weight of the main root of pear seedlings cultivated under different formula substrates showed similar change patterns (Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B). The T2 group had the largest main root weight (fresh weight / dry weight: 160.78 g / 107.50 g), followed by the T4 group (124.61 g / 80.85 g) and the T3 group (123.79 g / 80.56 g); the differences between these three groups did not reach a significant level, but were higher than those of the other groups. The three groups with the highest main root diameter were T3 (26.55 mm), T2 (24.65 mm) and T4 (23.87 mm), and there was no significant difference between these three groups (Fig. 3C). The T2 group had the largest main root volume (152.50 cm 3), but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3, T4, T6, T7, T9 and T10 (Fig. 3D). The T1 and T5 groups showed a relatively low level of main root biomass accumulation.

[0047] The fresh weight of lateral roots was the largest in T3 (52.42 g), T4 (44.85 g) and T2 (44.47 g) groups, and there was a significant difference with T1 and T5 (A in FIG. 4). The dry weight of lateral roots was relatively high in T3 (34.45 g), T4 (28.16 g), T10 (28.00 g) and T2 (27.47 g) groups, and there was no significant difference among them; but these four groups were significantly higher than the control T1 group, and the increase was 249.7%, 185.6%, 184.2% and 178.9% respectively (C in FIG. 4). T3 (31.69 g) and T9 (24.68 g) groups were the two groups with the largest fresh weight of root hairs (B in FIG. 4); the four groups with the largest dry weight of root hairs were T3 (21.36 g), T9 (19.26 g), T2 (17.00 g) and T6 (16.22 g), and there was no significant difference among them (D in FIG. 4). Overall, the difference in the volume of lateral roots and root hairs in each group did not reach a significant level, but T1 group showed a relatively low volume, and T2, T3 and T4 groups showed a relatively high volume of lateral roots, and T2 and T3 showed a relatively high volume of root hairs (E in FIG. 4 and F in FIG. 4).

[0048] The comprehensive underground growth physiological indicators showed that T2, T3 and T4 treatments could significantly promote the growth of main roots and lateral roots, and the T3 group of mixed substrate was relatively more conducive to the growth of root hairs.

[0049] Compared with the conventional field soil, the mixed substrate cultivation can better improve the soil physical and chemical properties, create a more suitable environment for root growth and development, and thus promote the growth and development of the aboveground part. It was found in the example that the single use of field soil as the seedling substrate (T1 group) had poor effect on the cultivation of pear seedlings; after being mixed with grass carbon, it could significantly promote the leaf mass and thickness, the height and thickness of the aboveground part, and the root mass and other indicators (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4).

[0050] Grass carbon belongs to organic substrate, and its proportion in the substrate can increase the organic matter and stimulate plant growth, but too high proportion of grass carbon will make the water holding space smaller, and inhibit the transportation of water, fertilizer and air. It was found in the example that the growth and nutrition status of T2, T3 and T4 groups ranked in the top three; T2 group used full grass carbon and showed good effect on promoting the growth of pear seedlings, but by mixing with a certain proportion of field soil (T3 and T4 groups), the cost of seedling cultivation was reduced, and similar or even better biomass accumulation effect was shown; but too high proportion of field soil showed characteristics of being not conducive to the growth of aboveground and underground parts (T5 and T6 groups).

[0051] In addition, the pear seedlings did not grow well in the T7 group, which was a mixture of the field soil and the grass charcoal at a ratio of 2:1 with additional organic fertilizer, and the dry weight of the above-ground part was significantly reduced (D in Fig. 2). Perlite and vermiculite can increase the air permeability of the substrate and overcome the problem of soil compaction. The addition of perlite and vermiculite (T9 group) significantly improved the fresh weight and dry weight of the root hairs (B and D in Fig. 4), and the height of the above-ground part was significantly higher than that of the T7 group with additional organic fertilizer (B in Fig. 2), but it did not promote the accumulation of biomass compared to the T4 group without perlite and vermiculite, and the overall cultivation effect was not as good as that of the T3 group, indicating that grass charcoal, which can provide sufficient nutrient supply and suitable void conditions, is more effective in promoting the growth of pear seedlings.

[0052] In summary, the T3 and T4 groups have stable survival rates, and the key physiological indicators such as height and thickness of the pear seedlings are higher than the quality standards of pear seedling, and the cost of seedling is lower and the above-ground and underground biomass accumulation is higher, which can be directly applied to high-standard and rapid orchard establishment. The height of the pear seedlings in the established pear orchard is uniform, and the effect is shown in Fig. 6. Therefore, in production, it is recommended to mix field soil and grass charcoal at a volume ratio of 1-2:1 for the cultivation of pear tree nutrition pot seedlings.

[0053] Although the above embodiments have made a detailed description of the present application, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained under the premise of no creativity according to the present embodiments, which are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A cultivation substrate for pear tree nutrient pot seedlings, characterized by, 1-2 parts of garden soil and 1 part of peat.

2. The cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that, 1 part of garden soil and 1 part of peat.

3. The method of producing a cultivation substrate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Mixing the garden soil and the peat to obtain a cultivation substrate.

4. A method for cultivating a large seedling of a pear tree in a nutrient bowl, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1. loading the cultivation substrate of claim 1 or 2 into a nutrient pot; S2. transplanting the one-year-old grafted pear seedling into the nutrient pot loaded with the cultivation substrate in step S1, and short cutting 10 cm above the grafting interface; S3. cultivating and managing.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized by, The grafted pear seedling is of the variety of Cui Guan.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized by, The transplanting is performed before the grafted pear seedling germinates.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized by, The cultivating and managing comprises selecting one straight branch after germination and binding a bamboo pole vertically to induce the straight branch to grow upward.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized by, The cultivating and managing comprises using a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system to apply thin and frequent fertilization.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized by, The cultivating and managing comprises applying a water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer with a concentration of no more than 0.2% every 3-5 days during the new shoot growth period.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 4 or 9, characterized by, The cultivating and managing comprises applying a phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer with a concentration of 0.3% every 10-15 days from the end of June to the middle of August, and spraying 2-3 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate with a concentration of 0.3% in September.

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