Wireless communication apparatus and communication method

Abstract

This wireless communication apparatus that communicates with a device having a complexity lower than that of a narrow band Internet of things (NB-IoT) device comprises: a control unit that inserts a cyclic prefix (CP) in the head of an OFDM symbol to generate an OFDM symbol; and a transmission unit that transmits, to the low-complexity device, the OFDM symbol that has the CP inserted therein. The control unit generates the OFDM symbol so that the OFDM symbol to be received by the low-complexity device has a CP length that can be identified by the low-complexity device.

Description

Wireless communication device and communication method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication device and a communication method.

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also called "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, low power consumption, etc. (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, in Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP (registered trademark), ambient IoT (A-IoT: Ambient Internet of Things) is being considered (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12)”Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 20233GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09)3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09)”Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 20233GPP TS 38.211 V17.6.0 (2023-09)

[0005] There is room for further study on how to process cyclic prefixes (CPs) in OFDM symbols transmitted and received in a communication system including ambient IoT devices. If CPs in OFDM symbols cannot be properly processed, channels and / or signals cannot be properly transmitted and received, which may result in degradation of system performance.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a wireless communication apparatus and a communication method capable of appropriately processing CP in OFDM symbols transmitted and received in a communication system including ambient IoT devices.

[0007] A wireless communication device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a wireless communication device that communicates with a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device, and includes: a control unit that inserts a CP (Cyclic Prefix) at the beginning of an OFDM symbol to generate an OFDM symbol; and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low-complexity device, wherein the control unit generates the OFDM symbol such that the CP length of the OFDM symbol received by the low-complexity device can be identified by the low-complexity device.

[0008] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL assistance. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a preamble, control / data, and midamble used for R2D / D2R transmission. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a control / data and postamble used for R2D / D2R transmission. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where one symbol includes four chips (M=4). FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a case where one symbol includes multiple chips. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of an OFDM symbol according to Proposal 1-1 of the present disclosure. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an OFDM symbol according to Proposal 1-3 of the present disclosure. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of an OFDM symbol according to Proposal 2, Option 0 of the present disclosure. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of an OFDM symbol according to Proposal 2, Option 1 of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an OFDM symbol according to proposal 2, option 2-1 of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an OFDM symbol according to proposal 2, option 2-2 of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technology is used as appropriate. The existing technology is, for example, the existing LTE or NR, but is not limited to the existing LTE or NR. In addition, the term "LTE" used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] In addition, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) used in existing LTE are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, a device, a terminal, etc. are set.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless Communication System> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. The base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0015] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RBs).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data via DL (Downlink) to the device 20. The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data via UP (Uplink) from the device 20.

[0017] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0019] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE.

[0020] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0021] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). For example, the device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or the PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or the PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT, which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0023] For Ambient IoT, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics can be considered for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment; Base station type, for example, macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment; Connectivity topology, for example, which nodes, such as base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters, communicate with Ambient IoT devices; Duplexing method, TDD or FDD, and frequency band, licensed or unlicensed; Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies; Assumptions of traffic originating from / terminating at devices.

[0024] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: power consumption, complexity, coverage, data rate, and positioning accuracy.

[0025] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0026] <Device Types and Topologies> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation or signal amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, no independent signal generation function, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, independent signal generation function, and an active RF (radio frequency) component for transmission.

[0027] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0029] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Fig. 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device directly communicates with the base station in a two-way manner.

[0030] 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in FIG. 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, or the like.

[0031] 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in FIG. 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Fig. 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The supporting nodes shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. Communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as side link (SL) communication.

[0037] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE of Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, an A-IoT device may be simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0039] Backscatter Transmission Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices that are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the device's antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area shown in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to information "1."

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> The Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description) examined solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0043] Additionally, for the DL and UL of A-IoT, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology may be considered.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) Traffic includes transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type in which there is an instruction such as a command or instruction to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] DO-DTT (device originated - device terminated triggered) Traffic includes a trigger from the network (NW) and a transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmission of information corresponds to transmission of a signal containing information or transmission of a signal. In this disclosure, transmission to a certain device X corresponds to transmission of a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmission from a certain device X and transmission by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, reception from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, reception by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Assumptions The following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed for A-IoT UE.

[0049] TX TX is a backscatter UL transmission without amplification or a general amplified UL transmission. Alternatively, an amplified backscatter UL transmission may be performed.

[0050] FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE. That is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz FR2: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz FR3: 7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz

[0052] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0053] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with an intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The case of Topology 2 may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as an intermediate UE, int. UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] The following explains the terms. In R2D communication, downlink communication from the reader to the A-IoT device is performed via a link from the reader to the A-IoT device. In D2R communication, uplink communication from the A-IoT device to the reader is performed via a link from the A-IoT device to the reader. The reader is composed of either a base station (BS) or a UE, and constitutes a D2R receiver. The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be the same node or different nodes. The PRDCH (Physical Reader-to-Device Channel) is a physical R2D channel, and the PDRCH (Physical Device-to-Reader Channel) is a physical D2R channel. Furthermore, DT traffic refers to device-terminated traffic such as commands sent from the reader to the A-IoT device, and DO-DTT traffic refers to device-originated-device-terminated trigger traffic such as inventory by the A-IoT device.

[0057] <Device Types> The following three device types, Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b, are defined for A-IoT devices.

[0058] Device 1 (may be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z ppm (parts per million) (Z is 10 to the xth power (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). Device 1 does not have any amplification in either DL or UL. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0059] Device 2a (may be referred to as type 2a) Device 2a is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2a has energy storage and has an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the xth power (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). Furthermore, DL and / or UL amplification is performed in device 2a. UL transmission in device 2a is performed by backscattering in CW provided from an external device.

[0060] Device 2b (may be referred to as type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the xth power (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). Furthermore, DL and / or UL amplification is performed in device 2b. UL transmission in device 2b is performed inside device 2b. In other words, UL transmission in device 2b does not need to be performed by backscattering in CW provided from an external source.

[0061] <Candidate Topologies> Next, candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission will be described.

[0062] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Fig. 8 shows Topology 1A, Topology 1B, Topology 1C, Topology 1D, and Topology 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in FIG. 8 and below) / D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in FIG. 8 and below) can be transmitted and received to A-IoT devices.

[0064] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable, where the reader corresponds to a BS and / or an intermediate UE, and the device corresponds to an A-IoT device.

[0065] In Topology 1A, the node (first BS) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0066] In Topology 1B, the node (BS) that transmits the CW, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0067] In topology 1C, the node that transmits the CW (CW node) is different from the node that transmits the R2D communication signal (BS). Also, in topology 1C, the node that transmits the CW is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in topology 1C, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR (network-controlled repeater) node / relay node / other type of node.

[0068] In Topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits the signal for R2D communication is the same as the node that receives the signal for D2R communication generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D and R in D2R are the same.

[0069] In Topology 1E, the node (first BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0070] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Fig. 9 shows Topology 2A, Topology 2B, Topology 2C, Topology 2D, and Topology 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0071] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (denoted as "R2D" in Figure 9) / D2R communication signals (denoted as "D2R" in Figure 9) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0072] In Topology 2A, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0073] In Topology 2B, the node that transmits the CW (intermediate UE), the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0074] In Topology 2C, the node that transmits the CW (CW node) is different from the node that transmits the R2D communication signal (intermediate UE). Also, in Topology 1C, the node that transmits the CW is different from the node (BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. Also, in Topology 1C, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0075] In Topology 2D, the node (intermediate UE) that transmits the signal for R2D communication is the same as the node that receives the signal for D2R communication generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D and R in D2R are the same.

[0076] In Topology 2E, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0077] <Timing acquisition in R2D / D2R transmission> In a communication system including A-IoT devices, the above-mentioned candidate topologies are possible, and R2D communication signals (hereinafter simply referred to as "R2D") and D2R communication signals (hereinafter simply referred to as "D2R") are transmitted and received.

[0078] It has been agreed to consider a timing acquisition signal for such R2D / D2R transmissions. Note that timing acquisition may be replaced with (time) synchronization. Hereinafter, the timing acquisition signal for R2D will be referred to as the R2D timing acquisition signal, and the timing acquisition signal for D2R will be referred to as the D2R timing acquisition signal.

[0079] For R2D transmissions, it has been agreed that an R2D timing acquisition signal will be included in the R2D at least for timing acquisition purposes and to indicate the beginning (or start or beginning) of the R2D transmission in the time domain, where the R2D timing acquisition signal may be, for example, an R2D preamble.

[0080] For D2R transmissions, it has been agreed that a D2R timing acquisition signal is included in the D2R at least for timing acquisition purposes and to indicate the beginning of the D2R transmission in the time domain, where the D2R timing acquisition signal may be, for example, a D2R preamble.

[0081] As shown in Figure 10, the R2D preamble may be placed temporally before the R2D control / data, and the D2R preamble may be placed temporally before the D2R control / data. Note that in this specification and drawings, control information and / or data (information) may be abbreviated and referred to as control / data.

[0082] As described above, A-IoT devices are expected to be devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption, and therefore may not have a time synchronization function. In this case, the timing, i.e., synchronization, acquired by the R2D preamble or D2R preamble may be lost during communication, making it impossible to properly execute communication. Therefore, in addition to the preamble, a midamble is also being considered for timing acquisition. That is, in consideration of cases where the timing acquired from the preamble cannot be accurately maintained until the end (or termination or endpoint) of the R2D / D2R transmission, a midamble may be used for timing acquisition. As shown in FIG. 10 , the R2D midamble may need to be placed in the center (middle) of the R2D control / data transmission, and the D2R midamble may need to be placed in the center (middle) of the D2R control / data transmission. The R2D midamble may also be referred to as a timing acquisition signal, an additional timing acquisition signal, an R2D timing acquisition signal, an additional R2D timing acquisition signal, etc. The D2R midamble may be referred to as a timing acquisition signal, an additional timing acquisition signal, a D2R timing acquisition signal, an additional D2R timing acquisition signal, etc.

[0083] Postambles are also considered. Postambles may be used to signal the end of R2D / D2R transmissions in the time domain. As shown in Figure 11, the R2D postamble may be placed at the end of the R2D control / data transmission (after the last R2D control / data), and the D2R postamble may be placed at the end of the R2D control / data transmission (after the last D2R control / data).

[0084] <CP Processing for OFDM Waveforms in R2D Transmission> In NR OFDM symbols, a CP, which is a copy of part of the end of the symbol, is inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbol, thereby suppressing multipath interference.

[0085] It is unclear whether an A-IoT device can recognize a CP. Therefore, when a CP is inserted into an OFDM symbol, there is a concern that the CP may affect the decoding of OOK (On Off Keying) in the A-IoT device.

[0086] In Release 19, the following points were agreed upon regarding CP processing for OFDM-based OOK waveforms in R2D transmission:

[0087] The downselection possibilities are considered from the following candidate methods, not excluding other method types: Method Type 1: The A-IoT device, rather than the designated transmitting device, locates and removes the CP. Method Type 2: CP insertion in OFDM-based waveforms prevents false rising / falling edges (fake edges) from occurring between the last OOK chip of OFDM symbol (n-1) and the first OOK chip of OFDM symbol n.

[0088] In Method Type 1, the following points remain undetermined: How the device determines the location of the CP; The impact on the feasibility of device SFO; The relationship with the number of chips M.

[0089] In method type 2, the following points remain to be determined: Whether and how to arrange CPs so that the OOK chips have the same length after CP insertion; Relationship with the number of chips M; Details of the relationship with the codeword of the line code; Impact on the feasibility of device SFO

[0090] Considerations for the methodology should include, for example: Impact of CP on R2D timing acquisition, PRDCH decoding and performance Implementation complexity of reader and A-IoT device (if they are in a common NR band) Interference between R2D and NR DL / UL Spectral efficiency

[0091] Note that a "chip" refers to the ON / OFF period of an OOK symbol. The "M" in OOK refers to the number of chips in one OFDM symbol. A reader is a device that receives signals from A-IoT devices.

[0092] In the case of method type 1, the A-IoT device deletes the CP sample.

[0093] <Analysis 1 - CP length of NR> In the current NR specifications, the CP length is defined as follows:

[0094] OFDM symbol index: l in subframe: antenna port: p and subcarrier spacing (SCS) configuration: μ, time continuous signal: s ｌ (ｐ,ｕ) (t) and OFDM symbol time length: T μ symb,l is defined by the following equation for any physical channel or signal except for PRACH (see section 5.3.1 of Non-Patent Document 6):

[0095] On the other hand, at the start of the subframe: t=0, the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP length (effective OFDM symbol length): N μ ｕ , and CP length: N μ ＣＰ，ｌ is defined by the following equation (see Section 5.3.1 of Non-Patent Document 6).

[0096] where the effective OFDM symbol length is N μ ｕ and CP length: N μ ＣＰ，ｌ is the NR basic time unit: T ｃ = 1 / (480,000 x 4096). κ is the NR basic time unit: T ｃ , and the LTE basic time unit: T ｓ = 1 / (15,000 × 2048), and κ = T ｓ / T ｃ = 64 (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 6). ｃ Note that the normal CP is a frame structure in which 14 OFDM symbols are included in one slot, whereas the extended CP is a frame structure in which 12 OFDM symbols are included in one slot when the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz (μ=2).

[0097] From the above formula 2, in normal CP (normal prefix), l = 0 or l = 7.2 μ The CP length is 144κ・2 －μ +16κ, while l≠0 and l≠7.2 μ In this case, the CP length is 144κ・2 －μ In addition, when the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15 kHz (μ=0), l=0 or l=7.2 μ The CP length is 160κ ≒ 5.2 μs, l ≠ 0 and l ≠ 7.2 μ In this case, the CP length is 144κ≈4.7 μs.

[0098] The OFDM symbol length is the effective OFDM symbol length: N μ ｕ ,CP length:N μ ＣＰ，ｌ Usually, in CP (normal prefix), l = 0 or l = 7.2 μ The OFDM symbol length in this case is 2192κ·2 －μ +16κ, l≠0 and l≠7.2 μ OFDM symbol length 2192κ·2 in the case －μ In the following, l = 0 or l = 7.2 μ The OFDM symbol in this case is called a "long symbol", and l ≠ 0 and l ≠ 7.2 μ An OFDM symbol in this case is called a "short symbol."

[0099] In the case of an extended cyclic prefix (CP), the CP length is 512κ·2 －μ and the OFDM symbol length is 2560κ·2 －μ is.

[0100] Analysis 2 - CP Location / Length in Method Type 1 As mentioned above, in Method Type 1, the A-IoT device needs to identify the CP location and remove it. However, it was agreed to consider the following two additional methods (Alternatives (Alt)) for determining the CP location / length in Method Type 1: (1) The A-IoT device assumes that the CP length is the same for each OFDM symbol. That is, the A-IoT device does not distinguish the exact CP length between different OFDM symbols (Alt 1); (2) The A-IoT device uses the period between transition edges to determine the CP location / length. That is, the period is deemed invalid based on the known chip period (Alt 2).

[0101] In this study, it is recommended to clarify the CP removal method to be used and the implementation aspects of the A-IoT device, and to conduct an evaluation at least for a case where the value of M is small (e.g., 4) and a case where the value of M is large (e.g., 24) compared to the case where the CP length of each OFDM symbol is known by the A-IoT device. Furthermore, it is recommended to report the SFO value and SFO detection method used in the evaluation.

[0102] [Alt. 1] In Alt. 1, the A-IoT device does not distinguish between CP lengths. This may affect OOK decoding performance. For example, if the A-IoT device assumes all symbols are short and removes the CP, decoding of long symbols will be affected. [Alt. 2] In Alt. 2, the A-IoT device determines the CP position / length based on the rising / falling edges of each chip. Alt. 2 is desirable to improve OOK decoding performance. However, at this time, it is not yet clear how the A-IoT device can identify the CP length of each symbol in Alt. 2 of Method Type 1.

[0103] Furthermore, the CP length and chip length must also be taken into consideration. For example, as shown in Figure 12, when one symbol contains four chips (M = 4), the chip length is longer than the CP length, so the transmitting device can simply copy some of the last chips and add a CP to the beginning of the symbol. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 13, when one symbol contains many chips, the CP length is longer than the chip length, so the transmitting device must copy multiple chips from the end and add a CP to the beginning of the symbol.

[0104] In the following, in Method Type 1, a method for appropriately processing CP in an OFDM symbol is proposed.

[0105] The items described in the following proposals may be combined as appropriate as long as no contradictions arise.

[0106] In the following proposal, the indication / configuration may be carried by physical (PHY) layer control information or higher layer payload (e.g., MAC (Medium Access Control) layer control information, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR (Random Access Response)), Msg4 (unicast data), etc.).

[0107] In the following proposal, the display on R2D may have the same meaning as above.

[0108] In the following proposal, the indication / configuration may be conveyed by the PRDCH or the R2D timing acquisition signal (preamble / midamble / postamble) / synchronization signal.

[0109] In the following proposal, a slot may be a 1 ms time interval (i.e., one slot in OFDM) or a slot in slotted ALOHA.

[0110] In the following proposal, a symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips for OOK, or one modulation symbol for PSF / FSK.

[0111] In the following suggestions, the options may be combined as appropriate.

[0112] In the following proposals, different Alt (Alternation) / options may be applied on a case-by-case basis.

[0113] In the following proposals, different Alt / options may be applied to R2D and D2R.

[0114] In the following suggestions, different Alt / Options may be applied depending on the device type.

[0115] In the following proposal, different Alt / Options may be applied to different connection topologies.

[0116] In the following proposal, different Alt / Options may be applied to different R2D / D2R channels (PRDCH: PHY channel for R2D control, PDRCH: PHY channel for D2R control).

[0117] In the following proposal, different Alt / Options may be applied for different R2D / D2R information / formats / commands (R2D Data, R2D Control, R2D System Information, R2D Information Triggering Contention-Based Access, D2R Data, D2R Control, D2R ACK / NACK Response, D2R Response in Contention-Based Access (Msg.1 / Msg.3)).

[0118] Hereinafter, "CW / R2D / D2R transmission" may be referred to as communication in a wireless communication system including an A-IoT device, communication of an A-IoT device, communication with an A-IoT device, communication involving an A-IoT device, etc.

[0119] In the following, notifications may be carried in the physical (PHY) layer / MAC layer / Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer / a new layer defined for A-IoT.

[0120] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 is a proposal for the case where an A-IoT device does not distinguish between CP lengths between OFDM symbols (corresponding to Alt1 of Method Type 1 described above).

[0121] Below, we will explain in turn the cases of increasing the number of long symbols per unit time (Proposal 1-1), making the CP length the same between OFDM symbols (Proposal 1-2), and using only short symbols for R2D (Proposal 1-3).

[0122] <Proposal 1-1> In proposal 1-1, a transmitting device increases the number of long symbols per time unit for symbols to be transmitted, thereby shortening the length of one long symbol.

[0123] The purpose of this proposal 1-1 is to minimize the difference in the length of each OFDM symbol received by an A-IoT device. In proposal 1-1, long symbols may be included in symbols other than symbol indexes 0 and 7. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, as with the current NR specification, symbol indexes 0 and 7 may be configured to be long symbols (FIG. 14(A)), symbol indexes 0, 1, 7, and 8 may be configured to be long symbols (FIG. 14(B)), symbol indexes 0 to 3 and 7 to 10 may be configured to be long symbols (FIG. 14(C)), or long symbols may be arranged every two symbols (FIG. 14(D)). An OFDM slot may start with a long symbol or a short symbol.

[0124] The arrangement of long symbols or short symbols may be defined in advance by the specifications, may be determined in advance within the system, or may be determined based on a specific rule defined in the specifications / system, etc. Also, the system may be configured to notify which pattern to use from among multiple patterns defined by the specifications.

[0125] According to the above proposal 1-1, the CP length of the long symbol: N μ ＣＰ，ｌ is the number of long symbols per 0.5 ms (0.5 slots) when μ=0: n ｌｏｎｇ is calculated as follows:

[0126] Similarly, the CP length of the long symbol: Nμ ＣＰ，ｌ is the number of long symbols per 1 ms (1 slot) when μ=0: n ｌｏｎｇ is calculated as follows:

[0127] (Effect) According to Proposal 1-1, the transmitting device can shorten the length of one long symbol by increasing the number of long symbols per time unit, thereby relatively reducing the difference in length between short symbols and long symbols. This reduces the impact on symbol decoding when an A-IoT device removes CP during processing.

[0128] <Proposal 1-2> In Proposal 1-2, the CP length is made uniform between OFDM symbols by changing the frame structure, etc. Below, we will explain the following cases in order: (1) when the number of OFDM symbols is specified to be Y per X ms, (2) when the number of symbols in a slot (1 ms) is changed when the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15 kHz, and (3) when the time unit of 14 OFDM symbols is changed.

[0129] (1) The number of OFDM symbols is specified as Y per X ms. By specifying that the number of OFDM symbols is Y per X ms, the CP length is made the same between OFDM symbols. Note that in the current NR specifications, when the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15 kHz, Y = 14 and X = 1. As mentioned above, in this case, the CP length is not the same between OFDM symbols, but in the case of an extended CP with an SCS of 60 kHz, Y = 48 and X = 1, and the CP length is the same between OFDM symbols.

[0130] (2) The number of symbols in a slot (1 ms) when the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15 kHz is changed. For example, by applying an extended CP with an SCS of 60 kHz to an SCS of 15 kHz, the number of symbols in one slot is set to 12. In this case, the CP length is 512κ·2 for all OFDM symbols. －μSince μ=0, the CP length is the same between OFDM symbols. In this case, the number of OFDM symbols is 12 per slot (1 ms), so Y=12 and X=1.

[0131] (3) Changing the time unit of 14 OFDM symbols. As mentioned above, when the subcarrier spacing (SCS) is 15 kHz, the CP length is not the same between OFDM symbols. However, by setting one slot length (the time unit of 14 OFDM symbols) to 1 (ms)-32κ, all CP lengths within one slot can be made the same, 144κ. In other words, all symbols within one slot can be short symbols.

[0132] (Effect) According to Proposal 1-2, by changing the number of OFDM symbols per slot (or 1 ms) or the time unit, the CP length for each OFDM symbol can be made the same. This eliminates the need for the transmitting device or A-IoT device to distinguish between long symbols and short symbols, simplifying the CP processing of the transmitting device or A-IoT device.

[0133] <Proposal 1-3> Proposal 1-3 specifies that only short symbols be used for R2D communication signals.

[0134] In Proposal 1-3, for example, as shown in Figure 15, the transmitting device schedules R2D transmission using only short symbols so that the A-IoT device only needs to recognize short symbols. In other words, from the A-IoT device's perspective, the CP length is always 144κ·2 －μ is.

[0135] Proposals 1-3 are applicable at least to messages that do not require resources for a long time, such as control information, and are applicable at least to preambles.

[0136] (Advantages) According to Proposals 1-3, the transmitting device schedules R2D transmission using only short symbols, which can be easily realized with a relatively small implementation on the transmitting device side.

[0137] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 is a proposal for the case where an A-IoT device identifies the CP length of each symbol (corresponding to Alt2 of Method Type 1 described above).

[0138] Below, we will explain in turn the cases where the A-IoT device identifies the CP length by detecting the rising / falling edge of OOK (Option 0), where it is determined that the first symbol of R2D is at symbol index = 0 or 7 (Option 1), and where the OFDM symbol index is indicated by the transmitting device (reader) (Option 2).

[0139] (Option 0) In Option 0 of Proposal 2, A-IoT devices identify the CP length by detecting the rising / falling edges of OOK.

[0140] If there is no rising or falling edge at the beginning and end of a CP, it may not be possible to identify the CP length by edge detection, so it is necessary to specify that there is always a rising edge and a falling edge at the beginning and end of a CP.

[0141] For example, it is possible to specify that there is always a rising edge and a falling edge at the start and end of a CP when the following conditions are met (see, for example, FIG. 16): (1) The first chip and the last chip of the nth OFDM symbol have opposite ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage, 1 / 0, etc.) states of the OOK. (2) The ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage, or 1 / 0, etc.) state of the CP of the nth OFDM symbol is opposite to the ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage, or 1 / 0, etc.) state of the CP of the n-1th OFDM symbol or the n+1th OFDM symbol. In other words, the ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage, or 1 / 0, etc.) state of the CP for the n-1th OFDM symbol or the n+1th OFDM symbol is the same. (3) The last chip of the nth OFDM symbol and the first chip of the (n+1)th OFDM symbol have the same OOK ON / OFF (high voltage / low voltage, or 1 / 0, etc.) state.

[0142] In the above (1) to (3), the first and last chips are operated so that a rising edge or a falling edge occurs at the start and end of the CP, so the first and last chips are not used for decoding. In other words, the A-IoT device discards the first and last chips.

[0143] The number of chips here corresponds to the M value of OOK. For example, when M<=8, the number of chips is 1, when M=16, the number of chips is 2, etc. In other words, when the M value is large, the chip length is shorter than the CP length, so multiple chips at the end of the symbol are copied to the beginning of the symbol as CP.

[0144] Option 0 is applicable to at least paging / Msg0 and R2D timing acquisition signal / synchronization signal / preamble.

[0145] (Effect) As described above, according to Option 0 of Proposal 2, A-IoT devices can identify the CP length by detecting the rising / falling edges of OOK, thereby realizing R2D communication without slot or symbol restrictions.

[0146] (Option 1) In Option 1 of Proposal 2, the transmitting device specifies that the first symbol of the signal for R2D communication is at symbol index=0 or 7.

[0147] For example, in FIG. 17, the transmitting device transmits an R2D communication signal by specifying that the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is a symbol with a symbol index of 0 or 7. In other words, from the perspective of the A-IoT device, the first symbol of the R2D communication signal received from the transmitting device is always a symbol with a symbol index of 0 or 7. This allows the A-IoT device to recognize that the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is always a long symbol, and to recognize whether each received symbol is a long symbol or a short symbol from the order of the symbol indexes. Therefore, the A-IoT device can delete the CP based on whether the symbol is a long symbol or a short symbol.

[0148] In Option 1, when the transmitting device transmits an R2D communication signal specifying that the symbol index of the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is 0 or 7, the transmitting device does not notify the A-IoT device of the symbol index. This is because the IoT device recognizes from the specifications that the symbol index of the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is 0 or 7. The configuration for notifying the symbol index will be described in the following Option 2.

[0149] Paging / Msg0 is always transmitted from symbol index = 0 / 7. Also, R2D timing acquisition signal / synchronization signal / preamble is always transmitted from symbol index = 0 / 7. Therefore, Option 1 is effective when handling information that is always transmitted from symbol index = 0 / 7.

[0150] (Variations of Option 1) In Option 1 of Proposal 2 described above, if a malfunction occurs, such as the A-IoT device being unable to recognize the prerequisites for reception, the CP length may be identified using the method of Option 0. Also, the CP length may be identified using both Option 0 and Option 1 of Proposal 2.

[0151] (Effect) As described above, according to Option 1 of Proposal 2, the transmitting device transmits an R2D communication signal by specifying that the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is the symbol with symbol index = 0 or 7. This allows the A-IoT device to recognize that the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is always a long symbol and to easily identify whether each symbol is a long symbol or a short symbol. Therefore, the A-IoT device can delete the CP based on the identification result.

[0152] (Option 2) In Option 2 of Proposal 2, the transmitting device (reader) indicates the OFDM symbol index to the A-IoT device.

[0153] Below, for Option 2, we will explain in turn the cases where the transmitting device (reader) can indicate to the A-IoT device the OFDM symbol index itself (Option 2-1) and where it can indicate whether the symbol index is 0 / 7 (whether it is a long symbol or not) (Option 2-2).

[0154] (Option 2-1) In Option 2-1 of Proposal 2, the transmitting device (reader) can indicate the OFDM symbol index itself to the A-IoT device in R2D communication.

[0155] Here, the symbol index value ranges from 0 to 6 or 0 to 13, and the transmitting device (reader) can indicate the symbol index of the first symbol of the R2D communication signal to the A-IoT device. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, the symbol index 2 of the first symbol of the R2D communication signal is indicated to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device can identify whether the symbol of each slot is a long symbol or a short symbol because the symbol index of the first symbol indicated by the R2D communication signal is 2. The A-IoT device can correctly delete the CP based on the identification result.

[0156] (Effect) Therefore, the A-IoT device can easily identify whether the symbol is a long symbol or a short symbol from the indicated symbol index, and can correctly remove the CP based on the identification result.

[0157] (Option 2-2) In Option 2-2 of Proposal 2, the transmitting device (reader) can indicate to the A-IoT device whether the symbol index of the OFDM symbol is 0 / 7 (whether it is a long symbol or not).

[0158] For example, in the example shown in FIG. 19, the transmitting device (reader) indicates to the A-IoT device that the third symbol is a long symbol. That is, when the CP length is long (N μ ＣＰ，ｌ = 144κ・2 －μ +16κ) or shorter (Nμ ＣＰ，ｌ = 144κ・2 －μ ) is indicated by the transmitting device. Here, the transmitting device indicates the symbol index of the long symbol among each symbol of the R2D. The A-IoT device can identify that the symbol at that position is a long symbol from the indicated symbol index. The A-IoT device can correctly delete the CP based on the identification result.

[0159] (Variation of Option 2-2) As a notification method, a symbol index (0 or 7) may be notified for a certain symbol of a long symbol, or a long symbol may be indicated by setting a bit for the certain symbol of a long symbol. Alternatively, a bit indicating the length may be provided for each symbol, thereby indicating the length of the symbol corresponding to each symbol index. The notification method to be used may be predefined by the specification, predefined within the system, or determined based on a specific rule defined in the specification / system, etc.

[0160] (Effect) Thus, according to Option 2 of Proposal 2, the OFDM symbol index of the long symbol is indicated by the transmitting device (reader), so that the A-IoT device can easily identify whether each symbol is a long symbol or a short symbol, and can correctly delete the CP based on the identification result.

[0161] (Variation of Option 2) In Option 2 of Proposal 2 described above, if the A-IoT device fails to identify the long symbol, it may identify the CP length using the method of Option 0. Also, the CP length may be identified by using both Option 0 and Option 2 of Proposal 2.

[0162] <Variations of Proposals 1 and 2> In the above-mentioned Proposals 1 and 2, different Alts (Alternations) / options may be applied to the preamble / midamble / postamble and the subsequent PRDCH. For example, Alt2 of Method Type 1 (e.g., Option 1 of Proposal 2) may be applied to the preamble, and Alt1 of Method Type 1 may be applied to the data / payload of higher layers. The reason for this is that in order to receive the preamble, the A-IoT device must first measure the timing and adjust for timing errors, etc., but Alt2 of Method Type 1 has a clear condition, such as always transmitting from the long symbol, which is advantageous for accurately measuring the timing. In particular, for the preamble, it is desirable to apply the rules predefined in Alt2 of Method Type 1. Furthermore, since strict constraints do not need to be considered after the preamble, Alt1 of Method Type 1 may be applied.

[0163] Different Alts / options may be applied to PHY layer control information and upper layer data / payload. For example, Alt 2 of Method Type 1 (e.g., Option 1 of Proposal 2) may be applied to PHY control information, and Alt 1 of Method Type 1 may be applied to upper layer data / payload. This is because control information such as PDCCH needs to be accurately received. It is desirable to adopt a robust scheme that can improve decoding performance, such as Alt 2 of Method Type 1 (e.g., Option 1 of Proposal 2), and ensure highly reliable reception. On the other hand, for data other than control information, a certain degree of error is tolerated, and Alt 1 of Method Type 1 may be applied.

[0164] <Device Configuration> Next, the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 will be described. Note that the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 described below are examples of functions related to this embodiment. The base station 10 and the device 20 may have functions not shown. Furthermore, the functional divisions and / or names of the functional units are not limited as long as the functions perform the operations related to this embodiment.

[0165] <Configuration of Base Station> Fig. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with a device 20 (see Fig. 21) wirelessly. The base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE communicating with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0166] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0167] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of RRC (Radio Resource Control)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0168] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0169] The reference signal included in the DL signal may include at least one of, for example, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as the DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0170] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0171] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10 , including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102 .

[0172] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0173] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on signals (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0174] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of resource allocation used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration (PUCCH configuration information), such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern, may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0175] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the device 20 .

[0176] For example, the transmitting unit 101 may transmit information regarding frequency resources used for communication involving an A-IoT device to the device 20, etc.

[0177] Furthermore, for example, the communication unit may use the above frequency resources to perform communication involving an A-IoT device.

[0178] 16 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the device 20 according to the embodiment. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, the base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be a terminal (for example, an intermediate UE) or a CW node.

[0179] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0180] The transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0181] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI (Uplink Control Information)). For example, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (e.g., A-IoT capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0182] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 transmits control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0183] The reference signal included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of a DMRS, a PTRS, a CSI-RS, an SRS, and a PRS. For example, the reference signal such as the DMRS or the PTRS is used for demodulating an uplink data signal and is transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, a PUSCH).

[0184] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20 , including the reception processing in the receiving unit 201 and the transmission processing in the transmitting unit 202 .

[0185] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the upper layer.

[0186] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ ACK / NACK, Channel State Information (CSI), or a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted, for example, in PUCCH resources.

[0187] Control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern and / or DCI notified by RRC) received from base station 10. Control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to base station 10. Under the control of control unit 203, transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by control unit 203.

[0188] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit DCI including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0189] Here, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the network, such as the base station 10 and intermediate UEs.

[0190] For example, the receiver 201 may receive information regarding frequency resources to be used for communication involving the A-IoT device from the base station 10 or the network of intermediate UEs, and the controller 203 may determine the frequency resources to be used for communication involving the A-IoT device based on the information received by the receiver 201. The frequency resources to be used for communication involving the A-IoT device may be one frequency resource, a plurality of contiguous frequency resources, or a plurality of non-contiguous frequency resources, and may include a first frequency resource used in a first frequency hop and a second frequency resource used in a second frequency hop.

[0191] Also, for example, the communication unit may use frequency resources determined by the control unit 203 to perform communication involving an A-IoT device.

[0192] (Summary of embodiment) A wireless communication device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a wireless communication device that communicates with a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device, and includes: a control unit that inserts a CP (Cyclic Prefix) at the beginning of an OFDM symbol to generate an OFDM symbol; and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low-complexity device, wherein the control unit generates the OFDM symbol such that the CP length of the OFDM symbol received by the low-complexity device can be identified by the low-complexity device.

[0193] With the above configuration, the A-IoT device can identify the CP length of the OFDM symbol and remove the CP.

[0194] In one example, the controller generates the OFDM symbols received by the low complexity device such that the CPs of the OFDM symbols have the same length.

[0195] In one example, the OFDM symbol is generated such that the length of the CP of the OFDM symbol received by the low complexity device can be identified based on the position of the CP.

[0196] A device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device, and includes a receiver that receives OFDM symbols in which a CP is inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbols, and a controller that identifies the CP length of the received OFDM symbols, and the controller deletes the CP from the OFDM symbols based on the identified CP length.

[0197] In a communication method according to one aspect of the present disclosure, a wireless communication device that communicates with a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT device inserts a CP into the beginning of an OFDM symbol, generates an OFDM symbol, transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low-complexity device, and generates the OFDM symbol so that the CP length of the OFDM symbol received by the low-complexity device can be identified by the low-complexity device. By adopting the above method, the A-IoT device can identify the CP length of the OFDM symbol and remove the CP.

[0198] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0199] <Hardware Configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0200] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0201] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0202] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0203] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0204] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0205] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with the programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be used for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0206] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by, for example, at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0207] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0208] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0209] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0210] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0211] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0212] <Notification of Information, Signaling> Notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0213] <Applicable Systems> The embodiments described in the present disclosure are applicable to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 (WiMAX (registered trademark The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0214] <Processing Procedures, etc.> The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0215] <Operation of Base Station> In the present disclosure, specific operations described as being performed by a base station may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0216] <Direction of Input / Output> Information, etc. (see <Information, Signal>) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0217] <Handling of Input / Output Information, etc.> Input / output information, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input / output information, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, etc. may be deleted. Input information, etc. may be sent to another device.

[0218] <Determination method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0219] <Variations of Aspects, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. In addition, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0220] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0221] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0222] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0223] Information, Signals, etc., described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description, may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0224] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0225] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0226] <Parameter and Channel Names> Furthermore, the information, parameters, and the like described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0227] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0228] <Base Station> In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0229] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a remote radio head (RRH)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0230] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0231] Mobile Station In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0232] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0233] <Base Station / Mobile Station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0234] Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0235] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0236] Fig. 23 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 23, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0237] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0238] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0239] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0240] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0241] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0242] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0243] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0244] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0245] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0246] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0247] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0248] <Meaning and Interpretation of Terms> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining something that is considered to be a "judging" or "determining," and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like that are considered to be a "judging" or "determining." Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0249] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0250] <Reference Signal> A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may also be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0251] <Meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0252] "First," "Second" Any reference to an element using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0253] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each device above may be replaced with "section," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0254] Open Format: When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0255] <Time Units such as TTI, Frequency Units such as RB, and Radio Frame Configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0256] Numerology may be a communication parameter that applies to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0257] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol). A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0258] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0259] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0260] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0261] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0262] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0263] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0264] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0265] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0266] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0267] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0268] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0269] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0270] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0271] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0272] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0273] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0274] <Maximum Transmit Power> The "maximum transmit power" in the present disclosure may refer to the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0275] Articles In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.

[0276] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." Note that the term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0277] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems.

[0278] 10 Base station 20 Device 101, 202 Transmitter 102, 201 Receiver 103, 203 Controller

Claims

1. A wireless communication device that communicates with a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device, comprising: a control unit that inserts a CP (Cyclic Prefix) into the beginning of an OFDM symbol to generate an OFDM symbol; and a transmission unit that transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low-complexity device, wherein the control unit generates the OFDM symbol such that the CP length of the OFDM symbol received by the low-complexity device can be identified by the low-complexity device.

2. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit generates the OFDM symbols received by the low-complexity device such that the lengths of the CPs in the OFDM symbols are the same.

3. The wireless communication device according to claim 1, wherein the control unit generates the OFDM symbol such that the length of the CP of the OFDM symbol received by the low-complexity device can be identified based on the position of the CP.

4. A device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device, comprising: a receiver that receives OFDM symbols with a CP inserted at the beginning of the OFDM symbols; and a controller that identifies the CP length of the received OFDM symbols, wherein the controller deletes the CP from the OFDM symbols based on the identified CP length.

5. A communication method in which a wireless communication device that communicates with a device of lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device inserts a CP (Cyclic Prefix) at the beginning of an OFDM symbol to generate an OFDM symbol, transmits the OFDM symbol with the CP inserted to the low-complexity device, and generates the OFDM symbol so that the CP length of the OFDM symbol received by the low-complexity device can be identified by the low-complexity device.

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