Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that receives one or more pathloss (PL) offset values by radio resource control (RRC) signaling; and a control unit that applies, to physical random access channel (PRACH) transmission by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) order, a PL offset pertaining to a joint or UL transmission configuration indication (TCI) state on which a UL reception point has been instructed, among the one or more PL offset values. One aspect of the present disclosure makes it possible to suitably control UL transmission power.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, in order to expand UL coverage, it is being considered to provide, for example, UL receiving points in addition to general transmitting and receiving points. Also, for example, a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) using a macro Base Station (BS) (DL transmitting point) and a micro BS (UL receiving point) is being considered.

[0006] However, when a path loss (PL) calculation RS (path loss RS) is transmitted from a DL transmission point, it is not clear how a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) determines a PL value or PL offset value used in UL transmission power calculation for a UL reception point (or micro BS). If the PL value or PL offset value cannot be determined correctly, there is a risk that the UL transmission power cannot be controlled appropriately.

[0007] Therefore, one object of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately control UL transmission power.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a receiving unit that receives one or more path loss (PL) offset values ​​by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, and a control unit that applies, among the one or more PL offset values, a PL offset associated with a joint or UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state indicated for an UL reception point to a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission by a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) order.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, UL transmission power can be appropriately controlled.

[0010] FIG. 1A is a diagram showing an example of a typical arrangement of transmitting and receiving points. FIG. 1B is a diagram showing an example of a high-density UL arrangement. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of DL / UL coverage in a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a first method for setting a PL value or PL offset in Option 1-1. FIG. 3B is a diagram showing a second method for setting a PL value or PL offset in Option 1-1. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a PL offset value in Option 1-1. FIG. 5A is a diagram showing a first method for setting a PL value or PL offset in Option 1-2. FIG. 5B is a diagram showing a second method for setting a PL value or PL offset in Option 1-2. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a PL offset value in Option 1-2. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence between DCI code points and PL offset values ​​in Option 2-2. FIG. 8A is a diagram showing an example of RRC parameters for power control in a joint / UL TCI state. FIG. 8B is a diagram showing a DCI field indicating whether a PL offset is applied to a PDCCH order PRACH. FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the relationship between a TCI state ID and a PL offset in Option 2-1-1. FIG. 9B is a diagram showing an example of a DCI field in Option 2-1-1. FIG. 10A is a diagram showing an example of Option 2-2V-1. FIG. 10B is a diagram showing an example of Option 2-2V-2. FIGS. 10C and 10D are diagrams showing examples of Option 2-2V-3. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Scenario 1: UL Dense Deployment (UL-Only TRP)) In Rel. 15 NR, the coverage (reaching distance) of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PDCCH, and PBCH is uneven. PUSCH coverage is limited, especially at high frequencies. Future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18, Rel. 19, or later) are expected to improve at least one of UL coverage and UL throughput.

[0012] In order to expand UL coverage, the installation of UL reception points in addition to general transmission and reception points is being considered. Therefore, an example of the arrangement of general transmission and reception points and an example of an arrangement with UL reception points (UL high-density arrangement) will be described.

[0013] 1A is a diagram showing an example of a typical arrangement of transmission / reception points. In FIG. 1A, a UE receives a DL signal from a transmission / reception point (TRP) and transmits a UL signal to the TRP. For example, if the UE and the TRP are far apart, the path loss may be large, resulting in a deterioration in communication quality.

[0014] Figure 1B is a diagram showing an example of a high-density UL deployment. To expand UL coverage, it is considered to provide UL reception points as shown in Figure 1B in addition to DL transmission points. In Figure 1B, a UE receives DL signals from a DL transmission point (TRP / Central TRP / DL TRP / Macro TRP) corresponding to a macro cell and transmits UL signals to a UL reception point (e.g., a reception point with a smaller path loss / reception power). However, the UE may be able to perform UL transmission to a DL transmission point.

[0015] By using a high-density UL configuration such as that shown in Figure 1B, it is possible to improve both coverage and UL data rates by reducing path loss, improving UL signaling quality, and obtaining a higher coding rate compared to a general configuration such as that shown in Figure 1A. Furthermore, since the UL reception point mainly performs reception, it requires fewer functions (e.g., power amplifiers) and is therefore less costly than a transmission / reception point corresponding to a general small cell, making deployment management much easier.

[0016] In scenario 1, UL transmission of multiple TRPs may not be supported. For example, even if there are two TCIs indicated, UL TCI (UL single TRP) may always be indicated to one UE.

[0017] Alternatively, in Scenario 1, multi-TRP UL transmission (e.g., TDM / FDM repetition, SDM / SFN multi-panel simultaneous transmission, or all of them) may be supported. It may be specified that one of the two UL TRPs must be a DL TRP, or one of the two UL TRPs may be a DL TRP.

[0018] (Scenario 2: Decoupling of DL TRP and UL TRP in HetNet) In the present disclosure, a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) using a macro Base Station (BS) (DL TRP) and a micro BS (UL TRP) may be applied (FIG. 2). In a typical HetNet, the transmission power of the macro BS and the micro BS is different. Also, the optimal DL coverage and the optimal UL coverage are different. For example, the DL coverage is determined by the RSRP, and the UL coverage is determined by the path loss (PL).

[0019] In the example of FIG. 2, the UE is included in the optimal DL coverage of the macro BS and the optimal UL coverage of the micro BS. In this case, the UE can receive DL from the macro BS and transmit UL to the micro BS. However, the UE may transmit some reference signals / channels (e.g., SRS with Antenna Switching (AS) usage, used to acquire DL CSI) to the macro BS. Therefore, the UE may require two timing advances (TAs) in this scenario. Note that the AS SRS is transmitted to the macro BS because it is intended for the base station (macro BS) to measure DL CSI (e.g., determine the DL MIMO precoder) based on the reception of the SRS using channel reciprocity. On the other hand, the codebook / non-codebook SRS is transmitted to the micro BS because it is used for determining the precoder / beam of the PUSCH.

[0020] In a HetNet, even if a micro BS has DL transmission capability, it can save energy by turning off the DL function most of the time, in which case the function of the micro BS is similar to a UL-only TRP (UL Reception Point).

[0021] (Receiving Path Loss (PL)) The UE may receive first information indicating a path loss (PL) used for transmission power control (TPC), which is estimated and notified (transmitted) by the network, via DL signaling. The DL signaling may be at least one of higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC CE) and physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0022] The UE receives the path loss (PL ｂ，ｆ，ｃ (q ｄ ), P.L. ｂ，ｆ，ｃ ) (index q ｄThe active UL BWP of carrier f of serving cell c (path loss for b) may be used to calculate the UL signal transmission power (for example, the transmission power of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH) for a reception point that does not transmit downlink data.

[0023] [Option 1] The absolute path loss (PL) value [dB] for each RS index may be reported (transmitted) from the network to the UE, and the UE may use the reported absolute path loss value directly in calculating the transmit power.

[0024] [Option 2] The network may notify (transmit) a relative path loss (delta PL, PL offset) value [dB] for each RS index to the UE. The UE may use the path loss value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) the received delta PL value to the path loss value estimated from the DL RS transmitted from the macro cell (macro BS / central TRP) to calculate the UL transmission power for the UL TRP.

[0025] (PL Offset for PRACH) <0th Example> In the present disclosure, it may be assumed that M-TRP of M-DCI and two TAs for PRACH in PDCCH order are used.

[0026] The following (1) or (2) is considered as the PL-RS for the PRACH: (1) The SSB indication in the PDCCH order (an index indicating the SS / PBCH used to determine the RACH opportunity for PRACH transmission if the value of the random access preamble index is not all zeros) is used; or (2) The indicated TCI (TCI state ID, RS corresponding to the TCI) for the target TRP is used. In this case, it is assumed that the PDCCH order indicates the TCI state ID.

[0027] [Option 0-1] When a UE receives a PDCCH order and the PDCCH order indicates a TCI state, the UE may use the PL value or PL offset value associated with the indicated TCI state for the PRACH PL calculation. In this case, the TCI state may be configured for each PRACH resource / PRACH configuration.

[0028] [Option 0-2] When the UE receives a PDCCH order and the PDCCH order indicates an SSB / CSI-RS index, the UE may use the PL value or PL offset value associated with the indicated SSB / CSI-RS for PL calculation of the PRACH. In this case, the PL value or PL offset value may be configured in the UE per PRACH configuration (e.g., configuration by RRC signaling).

[0029] [Option 0-3] If the PRACH is transmitted to a UL TRP, Options 0-1 / 0-2 may be applied. The PDCCH order may include an explicit bit indicating whether the PRACH is transmitted to a UL TRP. The UE may configure a PL value or PL offset value for each TCI state or SSB / CSI-RS via RRC signaling. If a PL value or PL offset value is configured, it means that the associated TCI state or SSB / CSI-RS is associated with the UL TRP to which the PRACH is transmitted.

[0030] <First Example> A UE may receive configuration information of a PL value or PL offset value of a PRACH to be transmitted to a UL reception point (UL TRP) via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, and may control the transmission power of the PRACH based on the configuration information. For example, the configuration of the PL value or PL offset value may be included in an RRC information element (e.g., ServingCellConfigCommon / ServingCellConfig / BWP / PRACH-Config / PDSCH-Config, etc.). The configured PL value or PL offset may be used only for the PRACH, or may be used for all or part of the PRACH / PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. The RRC information element may be an information element other than a TCI-State information element.

[0031] [Option 1-1] In the configuration information, the PRACH PL value or PL offset value may be set to only one value (common value) for all configured SSB / TCI states.

[0032] 3A is a diagram showing a first setting method of the PL value or PL offset of Option 1-1. In the example of FIG. 3A, the set PL value or PL offset value is used only for PRACH. The PL value or PL offset value of PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS may be different for each SSB / TCI state. The PL offset value in FIG. 3A may be read as the PL value.

[0033] 3B is a diagram showing a second setting method of the PL value or PL offset of Option 1-1. In the example of FIG. 3B, the set common PL value or PL offset value is applied to PRACH / PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. The PL offset value in FIG. 3B may be read as the PL value.

[0034] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a PL offset value for Option 1-1. In FIG. 4, an example of a PL offset value of 10 dB is shown, but other values ​​may be used. One PL offset value may be set for all SSB / TCI states. A PL value may be set instead of the PL offset value.

[0035] The UE may determine whether to use the PL value or PL offset value for the PL adjustment to the UL TRP (PRACH transmission power control) based on an explicit indication in the PDCCH order. For example, the UE may not apply the PL value or PL offset value when bit field 0 is indicated, and may apply the PL value or PL offset value when bit field 1 is indicated.

[0036] The UE may determine whether to use the PL value or PL offset value for PL adjustment to the UL TRP (PRACH transmission power control) based on the indication of the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state ID in the PDCCH order. For example, the UE may apply the PL value or PL offset value when SSB#0-31 is indicated, and may not apply the PL value or PL offset value when SSB#32-63 is indicated (the UE may apply the PL value).

[0037] A common value may be configured for all SSB / CSI-RS / TCI states, so the UE may receive an additional indication indicating which SSB / CSI-RS / TCI states apply the configured PL value, and may determine which SSB / CSI-RS / TCI states apply the configured PL value based on the additional indication.

[0038] The configured PL value / PL offset value in this disclosure may be applied to calculate the PL only when the UE transmits a signal to the UL TRP (when the PL-RS indicates another TRP). When signaling to another TRP, the UE may calculate the PL by ignoring the configured PL offset value in this disclosure.

[0039] Both the PL value and the PL offset value may be configured by an RRC information element, and an indication of whether to use the PL value or the PL offset value may be included in the PDCCH order.

[0040] [Option 1-2] In the configuration information, the PRACH PL value or PL offset value may be configured with one value (a separate value) for each SSB / TCI state configured [by RRC signaling]. That is, a list of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​for SSB / TCI states may be configured. The TCI states may be joint / UL TCI states corresponding to UL TRPs.

[0041] 5A is a diagram showing a first setting method of PL values ​​or PL offsets for Option 1-2. In the example of FIG. 5A, the list of set PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​is used only for PRACH. The PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​for PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS may be different for each SSB / TCI state. The PL offset values ​​in FIG. 5A may be read as PL values.

[0042] 5B is a diagram showing a second setting method of the PL value or PL offset of Option 1-2. In the example of FIG. 5B, the set list of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​is commonly applied to PRACH / PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. The PL offset value in FIG. 5B may be read as the PL value.

[0043] Figure 6 is a diagram showing an example of PL offset values ​​for Option 1-2. As shown in Figure 6, a PL offset value is defined for each SSB ID / TCI state ID. The UE may determine each PL offset value based on the configured SSB ID / TCI state ID. Alternatively, a PL value may be configured instead of each PL offset value.

[0044] The UE may determine whether to use the PL value or PL offset value for the PL adjustment to the UL TRP (PRACH transmission power control) based on an explicit indication in the PDCCH order. For example, the UE may not apply the PL value or PL offset value when bit field 0 is indicated, and may apply the PL value or PL offset value when bit field 1 is indicated.

[0045] The UE may determine whether to use a PL value or PL offset value for PL adjustment to the UL TRP (PRACH transmission power control) based on the SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state ID indicated by the PDCCH order. For example, a PL value or PL offset value corresponding to only a portion of the SSB / TCI state may be set. For example, a PL value or PL offset value may be set only for SSB#0-31. The UE may apply a PL value or PL offset value when SSB#0-31 is indicated, and may not apply a PL value or PL offset value when SSB#32-63 is indicated.

[0046] The configured PL value / PL offset value (list) in this disclosure may be applied to calculate the PL only when the UE transmits a signal to the UL TRP (when the PL-RS indicates another TRP). When signaling to another TRP, the UE may calculate the PL by ignoring the configured PL offset value in this disclosure.

[0047] Both the PL value and the PL offset value (a list of the PL value and the PL offset value) may be configured by an RRC information element, and an indication of whether to use the PL value or the PL offset value may be included in the PDCCH order.

[0048] According to the first example, the UE can appropriately determine the PL offset value to be used for the transmission power of the PRACH.

[0049] <Second Example> The number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​configured for PRACH (i.e., the number of UL TRPs) will be described. There may be one or more UL TRPs for a PL-RS (DL TRP). Therefore, the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​configured may be one or more.

[0050] [Option 2-1] A different PL value or PL offset value (or set of PL values ​​or PL offset values) may be associated with each SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state ID (similar to Option 1-2). That is, the same number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​as the number of SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state IDs may be configured.

[0051] [Option 2-2] The UE may receive multiple PL offset values ​​by RRC signaling and may receive a PDCCH order (DCI indicating PRACH transmission) including multiple bits indicating which PL offset value to apply. In option 2-2, the PL offset value may be replaced with the PL value.

[0052] The PDCCH order may include bits indicating a PL offset value. The number of bits (X bits) may be fixed (e.g., X=2) or may be variable depending on the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​to be set. For example, the number of bits may be log ２ It may be (Y) bits, where Y is the number of PL values ​​or PL offset values ​​to be set.

[0053] 7 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence between DCI code points and PL offset values ​​in Option 2-2. In the example of FIG. 7, a 2-bit DCI code point is assigned to four PL offset values. A PL value may be set instead of each PL offset value.

[0054] The PL offset value for a DCI code point may be fixed or may be changeable by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC / MAC CE).

[0055] The UE may report the maximum number of PL offset values ​​set for each SSB / CSI-RS / TCI state as UE capability information. The UE may report the maximum number of SSB / CSI-RS / TCI states for which PL offset values ​​are set as UE capability information.

[0056] According to the present disclosure, the UE may use an appropriate PL value or PL offset value.

[0057] (Analysis) The following methods are considered for applying a PL offset to a PRACH: (1) Multiple PL offset values ​​are configured by RRC signaling, and a PDCCH order (DCI) indicating a PRACH indicates one of the multiple PL offsets in one DCI field (e.g., corresponding to the second example described above and the third embodiment described below). (2) A PL offset associated with one of the joint / UL TCI states indicated for a UL TRP in the unified TCI framework is applied to the PRACH transmission of the PDCCH order (e.g., corresponding to options 1-2 in the first example described above and the second embodiment described below).

[0058] However, the specific setting and selection methods for the PL offset used in PRACH transmission have not been clarified, which may result in an inappropriate calculation of the transmission power of the PRACH transmitted to the UL TRP, resulting in a decrease in communication throughput.

[0059] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived a method for appropriately controlling UL (PRACH) transmission power.

[0060] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0061] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0062] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0063] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0064] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0065] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0066] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0067] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0068] The UL reception point may be connected to a TRP (e.g., a base station) or a core network via wired or wireless. The UL reception point may be treated as a network (NW) or a base station. The UL reception point may be capable of transmitting downlink (DL) signals (e.g., PL values) and may be applied to base stations forming a macrocell. For example, the UL reception point may not transmit downlink data but may transmit control signals / channels.

[0069] In the present disclosure, the terms base station, TRP, UL receiving point, UL TRP, UL only TRP, micro cell, micro BS, micro TRP, and TRP that does not transmit PL-RS may be interchangeable. UL receiving points primarily perform UL reception. UL receiving points may perform only UL reception, or may perform UL reception and DL transmission.

[0070] In the present disclosure, the terms base station, TRP, DL transmission point, DL TRP, DL only TRP, UL / DL TRP, macro cell, macro BS, macro TRP, central TRP, and TRP transmitting PL-RS may be interchangeable. A DL transmission point mainly performs DL transmission. A DL transmission point may perform only DL transmission, or may perform UL reception and DL transmission.

[0071] In the present disclosure, UL high density deployment, distributed TRP mode, separated location mode of transmitting / receiving points, distributed transmitting / receiving mode, separated TRP mode, TRP type 1, TRP type 2, TRP type A, and TRP type B may be read interchangeably.

[0072] In the present disclosure, the terms absolute PL, path loss (PL), PL value, PL parameter, PL RS, and PL RSID may be interchangeable. Ｏ The offset, the offset of α, the offset of power / power density [x dBm], the path loss (PL), the PL value, and the PL parameter may be read interchangeably.

[0073] In the present disclosure, using / applying a PL offset may mean using a PL value obtained by applying (adding or subtracting) a PL offset to a PL value estimated / calculated based on a DL RS transmitted from a DL transmission point / DL TRP or a received PL value in calculating the transmission power of a UL signal (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH / PRACH / SRS) to be transmitted to a UL reception point / UL TRP. The PL offset and the PL offset value may be interchangeable.

[0074] The base station (gNB) in the present disclosure may be a DL transmission point or a UL reception point, or may be a base station above the DL transmission point or UL reception point (capable of communicating with the DL transmission point / UL reception point).

[0075] PRACH, PDCCH-ordered PRACH, and PRACH transmission may be interchangeable. PDCCH-ordered PRACH may refer to a PRACH indicated by a PDCCH / DCI.

[0076] The joint / UL TCI state, TCI state, and DL TCI state may be interchangeable. The PDCCH and DCI may be interchangeable. The PDCCH order PRACH, PRACH, and PRACH indicated by PDCCH / DCI may be interchangeable.

[0077] In the present disclosure, QCL, QCL assumption, spatial relationship, TCI state, unified TCI state, joint TCI state, DL TCI state, UL TCI state, synchronization signal (index), SSB (index), DL RS (index), SSB corresponding to a particular RSRP, and beam may be read interchangeably.

[0078] In this disclosure, the RS to be measured is the QCL source RS in an active / instructed TCI state.

[0079] (Wireless communication method) <PL offset for PDCCH order PRACH> The base station (gNB) can dynamically indicate the PDCCH order PRACH to either the DL TRP or the UL TRP. Therefore, it is preferable that the value of the PL offset applied to the PDCCH order PRACH is dynamically indicated by the PDCCH according to the target DL / UL TRP.

[0080] The UE may receive multiple PL offsets (e.g., included in the PRACH configuration) through RRC signaling, receive a PDCCH (PDCCH order indicating a PRACH) indicating one of the multiple PL offset values, and apply the indicated PL offset value to the PRACH transmission. This process may be applied only in a specific frequency region (FR1).

[0081] The PL offset value of the PRACH may be configured separately for the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. For example, different PL offset values ​​may be configured for different joint / UL TCI states. For example, the gNB may configure up to M different PL offsets for M joint / UL TCI states (e.g., M=64).

[0082] On the other hand, for the PRACH, the required number of different PL offsets is determined by the number of DL / UL TRPs. Therefore, the number of PL offset values ​​configured for the PRACH can be less than the number of PUSCHs / PUCCHs / SRSs. For example, multiple PL offset values ​​may be configured for the PRACH in the PRACH configuration.

[0083] The UE may be configured with one PL offset value associated with a joint / UL TCI state or with different PL offset values ​​associated with different joint / UL TCI states by RRC signaling, and the UE may update / activate / deactivate the PL offset values ​​for the joint / UL TCI states by MAC CE.

[0084] <Tenth Embodiment> The conditions for applying a PL offset to a PDCCH order PRACH will be described.

[0085] <<Option 0-1>> The UE may be configured separately to determine whether to apply a PL offset to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and whether to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH. The UE may receive these configurations separately through higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the UE may apply (or not apply) a PL offset to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and not apply (or may apply) a PL offset to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH.

[0086] <<<0-1-1>>> Whether to apply the PL offset to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS may be determined depending on whether the PL offset is set to the joint / UL TCI state. That is, setting the PL offset to the joint / UL TCI state may implicitly indicate that the PL offset is applied to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Alternatively, the UE may receive information (explicit indication) indicating whether the PL offset can be applied to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS via RRC signaling.

[0087] <<<0-1-2>>> Whether to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH is determined in the following manner.

[0088] The UE may receive the PRACH configuration / serving cell configuration via RRC signaling and may decide whether to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH depending on whether one / more PL offsets are configured for the PRACH (or whether the RRC has explicitly configured the application of a PL offset to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH).

[0089] The UE may decide to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH if one / more PL offsets are configured for the PRACH in the PRACH configuration / serving cell configuration received by RRC signaling (or if applying a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH is explicitly configured by RRC signaling).

[0090] The UE may be explicitly instructed to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH, in which case the PL offset associated with one of the joint / UL TCI states indicated for the UL TRP may be applied to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH transmission.

[0091] Option 0-1 allows flexible configuration of whether to apply a PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH.

[0092] <<Option 0-2>> The UE may be configured to apply a PL offset to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH in common. The UE may receive these configurations via higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling. That is, when the UE applies (does not apply) a PL offset to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the UE also applies (does not apply) a PL offset to the PDCCH order PRACH (PRACH transmission).

[0093] <<<0-2-1>>> Whether to apply the PL offset to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS may be determined depending on whether the PL offset is set to the joint / UL TCI state. That is, setting the PL offset to the joint / UL TCI state may implicitly indicate that the PL offset is applied to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. Alternatively, the UE may receive information (explicit indication) indicating whether the PL offset can be applied to the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS via RRC signaling.

[0094] <<<0-2-2>>> The UE may determine whether to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH in the same manner as in 0-2-1. If the UE applies a PL offset to a PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the UE may also determine to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH. Alternatively, if the UE does not apply a PL offset to a PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the UE may also determine not to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH.

[0095] In Option 0-2, the method of determining which PL offset to apply to the PRACH may be the same as that of the second embodiment. That is, the UE may select a PL offset associated with the indicated TCI state for PRACH transmission. However, DCI may not be used to indicate whether to apply a PL offset to the PRACH.

[0096] In addition, in option 0-1, the UE may report separate UE capability information for the PL offset of the PRACH and the PL offset of the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. In practice, the gNB may set the PL offset only for the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS and not set the PL offset for the PRACH (i.e., the PRACH is always transmitted to the DLTRP). In this case, option 0-1 is valid.

[0097] In option 0-2, the UE may report common UE capability information regarding the PL offset of the PRACH and the PL offset of the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS. If the gNB configures a PL offset for the PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS, the PL offset also applies to the PRACH (i.e., the PRACH is always transmitted on the UL TRP).

[0098] The above-described process (PL offset for PRACH) may be applied when the UE determines to apply a PL offset to the PRACH through the process of this embodiment.

[0099] According to option 0-2, by commonly configuring whether to apply a PL offset to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH, it is possible to simplify the configuration and reduce signaling overhead.

[0100] First Embodiment In most cases, the path loss gap is within {0,...,60} dB. Therefore, the range of the PL offset value may be {0,...,60} dB. This can cover most scenarios.

[0101] Furthermore, it has been found that quantization of the PL gap has little effect on performance. Therefore, it is not necessary to specify the PL offset in small steps (e.g., 1 dB steps). Note that the range of values ​​of the PL offset value may include negative values ​​or only positive values.

[0102] The value range and quantization (required bit size of the PL offset value) may be the same or different between PRACH and PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS.

[0103] This embodiment may be implemented in combination with the above (PL offset for PRACH).

[0104] <Use of Unified TCI State> As the TCI state of the present disclosure, the unified TCI state for sTRP in Rel. 17 or the unified TCI state for sDCI in Rel. 18 may be applied.

[0105] For example, in an asymmetric DL sTRP / UL mTRP deployment scenario, the following Rel. 17 unified TCI / inter-cell beam management (ICBM) and Rel. 18 unified TCI frameworks are reused.

[0106] When Rel. 17 unified TCI / ICBM is configured, the UE can apply one joint TCI state, or one DL TCI state and one UL TCI state in the FR1 case.

[0107] When the Rel. 17 unified TCI / ICBM is configured, the UE can apply one DL TCI state and one UL TCI state in the FR2 case.

[0108] When the Rel. 18 unified TCI state is configured, the UE can apply up to two joint TCI states, or one DL TCI state and up to two UL TCI states in the FR1 case.

[0109] When the Rel. 18 unified TCI state is configured, the UE can apply one DL TCI state and up to two UL TCI states in the FR2 case.

[0110] <Second embodiment> A UE may receive one or more PL offset values ​​by RRC signaling, and may apply, to PRACH transmission via a PDCCH order, a PL offset associated with a TCI state (joint / UL TCI state) indicated for a UL reception point (UL TRP) that is a UL transmission destination. This PDCCH order (DCI) includes a field indicating at least one of the TCI state and whether to apply a PL offset.

[0111] <<Option 2-0>> The indicated joint / UL TCI state associated with a PL offset greater than zero (or a non-zero value) may be considered as the "indicated joint / UL TCI state of the UL TRP in the unified TCI framework." The unified TCI framework may refer to the setting of the unified TCI state of Rel. 17 / Rel. 18 in <Using the unified TCI state>> above.

[0112] <<Option 2-1>> In a PDCCH-ordered PRACH transmission, a PL offset associated with any of the joint / UL TCI states indicated for the UL TRP of the unified TCI framework may be applied. Also, if the unified TCI state of Rel. 17 (joint / DL / UL TCI with one active TCI state) of the sTRP is indicated, at least one of the following (1) and (2) may be applied:

[0113] (1) Only one TCI state is indicated. The PDCCH does not indicate whether to apply a PL offset to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH. The TCI indicated by the RRC / MAC CE / DCI can be updated, but this may take time (e.g., after the timing of beam application from the TCI indication DCI).

[0114] (2) If an RRC parameter indicating a PL offset is configured (e.g., FIG. 8A), a 1-bit field indicating whether to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH-ordered PRACH may be present in the PDCCH (DCI) (e.g., FIG. 8B). If an RRC parameter indicating a PL offset is not configured, no 1-bit field is present in the PDCCH. In this case, the PL offset associated with the indicated joint / UL TCI state may always be applied to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH. Whether the PL offset is applied to the PDCCH-ordered PRACH may depend on the setting of the PL offset for the indicated joint / UL TCI state.

[0115] 8A is a diagram illustrating an example of RRC parameters for power control in a joint / UL TCI state. As shown in FIG. 8A, for example, a path loss offset value may be configured as an RRC parameter for the joint / UL TCI state.

[0116] 8B is a diagram showing a DCI field indicating whether to apply a PL offset to a PDCCH order PRACH. As shown in FIG. 8B, a field value of 0 indicates that a PL offset (e.g., a PL offset configured as an RRC parameter) is applied, and a field value of 1 indicates that a PL offset is not applied.

[0117] <<Option 2-2>> In a PDCCH-ordered PRACH transmission, a PL offset associated with any of the joint / UL TCI states indicated for the UL TRP of the unified TCI framework may be applied. Also, if the unified TCI of Rel. 18 (joint / DL / UL TCI with two active TCIs) of the sDCI mTRP is indicated, at least one of the following (1) and (2) may be applied:

[0118] (1) There are two indicated joint / UL TCI states. Of the two indicated joint / UL TCI states, a PL offset (non-zero value) is set for the first TCI state, and no PL offset is set for the second TCI state (or a PL offset with a value of 0 is set). In this case, the following options 2-1-1 or 2-2-2 may be applied.

[0119] Option 2-1-1: The relationship between the TCI state ID and the PL offset is configured by RRC signaling (FIG. 9A). One of the PL offsets configured in FIG. 9A is assumed to be 0 dB. Then, a one-bit (or multiple-bit) field indicating the TCI state is added to the PDCCH (DCI) to indicate whether a non-zero value of the PL offset is applied to the PDCCH order (FIG. 9B). The UE selects which of the joint / UL TCI states indicated in this field to apply and uses the PL offset corresponding to the selected TCI state.

[0120] Option 2-2-2: The UE may always apply a PL offset corresponding to one predetermined TCI state among the indicated joint / UL TCI states to the PDCCH order PRACH. For example, the UE selects one of the joint / UL TCI states for which a PL offset is configured and uses the PL offset corresponding to the selected TCI state. For example, the UE may select the first (or second) joint / UL TCI state configured as an RRC parameter. Alternatively, the UE may select the joint / UL TCI state with the lowest / highest TCI state ID.

[0121] (2) The following restrictions may apply: If a PL offset (non-zero) is configured for one of two indicated joint / UL TCI states, the other indicated joint / UL TCI state shall not be configured with a PL offset (or shall be configured with a PL offset of zero). The configured PL offset (non-zero) may correspond to the first (or second) joint / UL TCI state configured as an RRC parameter, or the joint / UL TCI state with the lowest / highest TCI state ID.

[0122] <<Variation of Option 2-2>> The following restriction may not apply: For two indicated joint / UL TCI states, if one of the indicated joint / UL TCI states has a PL offset (non-zero), the other indicated joint / UL TCI state shall not have a PL offset (or have a PL offset with a value of 0).

[0123] That is, a PDCCH order may be allowed to indicate both of two indicated joint / UL TCI states with a PL offset (non-zero value) configured. In other words, if there are two indicated TCI states, a PL offset may be configured for both the first TCI state and the second TCI state.

[0124] The UE may be configured with the size of a new DCI field in the PDCCH by RRC signaling. If this DCI field is 1 bit, the following 2-2V-1 and 2-2V-2 may apply, and if the DCI field is larger than 1 bit, the following 2-2V-3 may apply. The UE may apply the PL offset associated with the TCI state indicated / selected by the DCI to the PRACH transmission.

[0125] 2-2V-1: The DCI selects / indicates one of two indicated joint / UL TCI states (PL offset value associated with that TCI state) (Fig. 10A).

[0126] In Figure 10A, if the DCI field is 0, the UE applies the 1st TCI state and the PL offset value associated with the 1st TCI state. If the DCI field is 1, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state and the PL offset value associated with the 2nd TCI state.

[0127] 2-2V-2: The DCI selects / indicates whether to apply two indicated joint / UL TCI states (and their associated PL offset values) (FIG. 10B). The UE may decide which of the two indicated joint / UL TCI states to use based on a predetermined rule. The predetermined rule may be the above option 2-2-2.

[0128] In Figure 10B, if the DCI field is 0, the UE applies a particular (determined) joint / UL TCI state and a PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 1, the UE does not apply a particular (determined) joint / UL TCI state and a PL offset value associated with that TCI state.

[0129] 2-2V-3: The DCI can select which of the two indicated joint / UL TCI states (PL offset value associated with that TCI state) to select and whether to apply the PL offset associated with the selected joint / UL TCI state (Figures 10C and 10D).

[0130] In Figure 10C, if the DCI field is 0, the UE applies the 1st TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 1, the UE applies the 1st TCI state but does not apply the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 2, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 3, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state but does not apply the PL offset value associated with that TCI state.

[0131] In Figure 10D, if the DCI field is 0, the UE does not apply a PL offset value. If the DCI field is 1, the UE applies the 1st TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. If the DCI field is 2, the UE applies the 2nd TCI state and the PL offset value associated with that TCI state. DCI field = 3 is not used (reserved bit).

[0132] According to this embodiment, the relationship between the TCI state and the PL offset can be clearly / dynamically indicated by the PDCCH order.

[0133] Third Embodiment The above-described second example may be applied, except that the bit indicating which PL offset value to apply in option 2-2 of the second example may be one bit.

[0134] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0135] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0136] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0137] In addition, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB), or aperiodically (triggered by an instruction from the UE or the gNB).

[0138] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: QCL type A. QCL type B. QCL type C. QCL type D.

[0139] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs: SSB; CSI-RS with / without repetition; TRS; DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0140] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / indicated by the following methods: Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific; Cell-specific or common to multiple cells; Per UE / per CC / per BWP / per band / per cell / per cell group (CG).

[0141] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0142] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0143] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0144] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by an instruction from the UE or gNB).

[0145] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0146] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information; - Maximum PL offset value; - Number of supported PL values ​​or PL offset values; - Number of supported UL TRPs.

[0147] In the present disclosure, the terms "supporting" and "whether to support" may be read interchangeably.

[0148] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0149] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0150] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0151] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives one or more path loss (PL) offset values ​​by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; and a control unit that applies a PL offset associated with a joint or UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state indicated for a UL reception point, among the one or more PL offset values, to a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission by a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) order. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, in which, when two TCI states exist, a PL offset is set for a first TCI state and a PL offset is not set for a second TCI state. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, in which, when two TCI states exist, a PL offset is set for both the first TCI state and the second TCI state. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the control unit applies a PL offset to the PRACH transmission when applying a PL offset to a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0152] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0153] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0154] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0155] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0156] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0157] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0158] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0159] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0160] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0161] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0162] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0163] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0164] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0165] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0166] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0167] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0168] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0169] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0170] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0171] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0172] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0173] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0174] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0175] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0176] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0177] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0178] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0179] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0180] (Base Station) Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0181] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0182] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0183] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0184] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0185] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0186] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0187] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0188] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0189] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0190] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0191] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0192] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0193] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0194] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0195] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0196] The transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitter / receiver 120, the transmitter / receiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0197] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0198] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0199] The transceiver 120 may transmit one or more path loss (PL) offset values ​​by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. The transceiver 120 may transmit a PDCCH order instructing PRACH transmission.

[0200] The control unit 110 controls reception of a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) when a PL offset associated with a joint or UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state indicated for a UL reception point among the one or more PL offset values ​​is applied to a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission.

[0201] (User Terminal) Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0202] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0203] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0204] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0205] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0206] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0207] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0208] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0209] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0210] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0211] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0212] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0213] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0214] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0215] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0216] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0217] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0218] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0219] The transceiver unit 220 may perform at least part of the processing of the transmitter / receiver unit described in the above appendix.

[0220] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the above-mentioned supplementary notes.

[0221] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0222] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0223] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0224] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0225] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0226] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0227] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0228] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0229] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0230] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0231] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0232] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0233] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0234] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0235] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0236] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0237] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0238] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0239] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0240] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0241] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0242] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0243] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0244] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0245] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0246] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0247] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0248] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0249] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0250] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0251] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0252] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0253] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0254] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0255] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0256] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0257] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0258] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0259] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0260] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0261] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0262] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0263] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0264] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0265] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0266] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0267] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0268] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0269] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0270] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0271] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0272] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0273] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0274] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0275] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0276] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0277] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0278] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0279] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0280] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0281] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0282] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0283] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0284] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0285] 15 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0286] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0287] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0288] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0289] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0290] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0291] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0292] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0293] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0294] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0295] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0296] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0297] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0298] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0299] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0300] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0301] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0302] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0303] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0304] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0305] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0306] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0307] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0308] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0309] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0310] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0311] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0312] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0313] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0314] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0315] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0316] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0317] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0318] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0319] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives one or more path loss (PL) offset values ​​by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; and a control unit that applies, among the one or more PL offset values, a PL offset associated with a joint or UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state indicated for an UL reception point to a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission by a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) order.

2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein when there are two TCI states, a PL offset is set for a first TCI state and a PL offset is not set for a second TCI state.

3. The terminal of claim 1, wherein if there are two TCI states, a PL offset is set for both the first TCI state and the second TCI state.

4. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the control unit also applies a PL offset to the PRACH transmission when applying a PL offset to a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: receiving one or more path loss (PL) offset values ​​by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; and applying, among the one or more PL offset values, a PL offset associated with a joint or UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state indicated for an UL reception point to a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) transmission by a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) order.

6. A base station having: a transmitter that transmits one or more path loss (PL) offset values ​​by Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling; and a controller that controls reception of a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) when a PL offset associated with a joint or UL Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) state indicated for an UL reception point, among the one or more PL offset values, is applied to a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission of the PRACH.

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