Adhesive composition comprising biochar
A cementitious adhesive composition with biochar, optimized for weight ratio and particle size, addresses the challenge of reducing carbon footprint without compromising performance, achieving negative carbon emissions and adherence standards.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/111323
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing cementitious adhesive compositions, particularly tile adhesives, face a challenge in achieving a reduced carbon footprint without compromising performance, as simple substitution of materials like biochar can lead to reduced performance.
A cementitious adhesive composition comprising biochar with a specific weight ratio and particle size, combined with cementitious binders and aggregates, forms a dry mixture that meets performance standards while reducing carbon footprint.
The composition achieves a negative carbon footprint and maintains or exceeds performance requirements, such as adhesion strength, while minimizing carbon emissions.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024111323-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Abstract
Description
ADHESIVE COMPOSITION COMPRISING BIOCHARTechnical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a cementitious adhesive composition, in particular a cementitious tile adhesive composition, comprising biochar. The present invention also relates to the preparation method of a cementitious adhesive composition, preferably a cementitious tile adhesive composition, with a reduced carbon footprint or, especially, a carbon-negative adhesive composition.Background of the invention
[0002] In recent years, the construction industry has dedicated substantial resources to investigating methods for decarbonizing its products and processes. To diminish the carbon footprint of their formulations, mortar developers and concrete manufacturers seek raw materials with a reduced carbon footprint or, ideally, materials with carbon-sinking potential. What is meant by carbon-sinking potential is that these raw materials absorb more CO2 in their lifetime than they release to the atmosphere. Biochar is an example of material with a carbon-sinking potential.
[0003] One specific example of carbon footprint reduction in the construction industry is the use of tile adhesives with a reduced global warming potential (GWP) . Currently, such adhesives are being developed by, at least partially, replacing Ordinary Portland Cement with alternative binders having a lower carbon footprint, such as fly ash or slag.
[0004] Cementitious compositions comprising biochar are already known (US2023002276, HeroSand, LLC; DE102022002721, H.O., Preuss A.; EP4357312, Saint-Gobain Weber France) . Such cementitious compositions have a reduced carbon footprint. However, a simple substitution of either a filler, aggregate or a binder with biochar is likely to lead to a reduced performance. That is also the case for adhesives, especially tile adhesives, which must meet certain requirements.
[0005] Therefore, there is still a need for an adhesive composition, in particular a tile adhesive composition, with a reduced carbon footprint, most preferably with a negative carbon footprint, especially if the reduction of carbon footprint does not deteriorate the performance of the adhesive.Summary of the invention
[0006] It is an objective of the present invention to provide a cementitious adhesive composition, in particular a cementitious tile adhesive composition, with a decreased carbon footprint. More preferably, the present invention provides a carbon-negative cementitious adhesive composition, especially a carbon-negative cementitious tile adhesive composition. Also preferably, the cementitious adhesive composition does meet relevant performance requirements, for example for tile adhesives.
[0007] It has surprisingly been found that the objective of the present invention is solved by the subject matter of claim 1. It is thus at the core of the present invention to use biochar to reduce the carbon footprint of a cementitious adhesive composition, especially a cementitious tile adhesive composition.
[0008] Further aspects of the present invention are the subject of independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject matter of dependent claims.
[0009] Ways to carry out the invention
[0010] In a first aspect the present invention relates to a cementitious adhesive composition, in particular a cementitious tile adhesive, comprising:
[0011] a) at least one cementitious binder;
[0012] b) at least one aggregate;
[0013] c) biochar,
[0014] wherein the weight ratio of biochar to the cementitious binder is between 0.001 and 0.15 to 1, preferably between 0.001 and 0.024 to 1, more preferably between 0.001 and 0.020 to 1, most preferably between 0.0001 and 0.014 to 1, and
[0015] wherein the biochar has an average particle size D50 of more than 0.1 mm, as determined by sieve analysis according to EN 12192-1: 2002 or EN 933-1: 2012. In this context, "tiles" are in particular sheets of wear-resistant materials such as ceramics, stones, metals and / or glass, preferably ceramic tiles according to 14411: 2016. Typically, tiles are used to cover roofs, floors, walls and / or showers.
[0016] A cementitious tile adhesive of the present invention in particular fulfills the requirements of standard EN 12004-1: 2017-05.
[0017] In particular, the cementitious adhesive composition is present as a dry mixture. This means that the cementitious adhesive composition is substantially free of water or comprises water in an amount of less than 1 wt. %, in particular less than 0.5 wt. %or less than 0.1 wt. %, relative to the total dry weight of the cementitious adhesive composition.
[0018] According to preferred embodiments, the cement-based adhesive composition is a one component mixture. This means that all individual materials and / or substances are mixed. One-component compositions are particularly easy to handle and eliminate the risk of user confusion or mis-dosing of the various components.
[0019] A cementitious binder, in the context of the present invention, is a binder, which in the presence of water reacts in a hydration reaction to form solid hydrates or hydrate phases. This can be, for example, a hydraulic binder (e.g. cement or hydraulic lime) , a latent hydraulic binder (e.g. slag) , a pozzolanic binder (e.g. fly ash) or a nonhydraulic binder (gypsum plaster or white lime) .
[0020] Biochar, in the present context, is a carbon-rich product that remains after biomass is thermodynamically converted in the absence or limited presence of oxygen (aprocess known as pyrolysis) . Through pyrolysis, the carbon stored in the biomass becomes locked in the biochar. The biomass used to produce biochar of the present invention is preferably sourced from a biomass waste, for example fruits pits, coconuts shells, common wood chips, waste wood, washed coffee husks, coffee pomace, lemon pomace, sliced hemp straw, paper waste, chicken droppings, hemp clay mixture, hemp waste or mixed waste.
[0021] According to embodiments, the biochar is obtained by pyrolysis, preferably by slow pyrolysis, of woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, agricultural biomass, waste biomass, or manure biomass.
[0022] Slow pyrolysis, in the present context, relates to pyrolysis process which operates at lower heating rates and longer residence times, typically between hours to days, than the fast pyrolysis. Therefore, it favours the production of solid biochar. This process involves the gradual heating of the feedstock to temperatures ranging from 300 ℃ to 700 ℃, ensuring a more controlled and complete conversion of the material. Slow pyrolysis is recognized for its ability to enhance carbon sequestration.
[0023] Slow pyrolysis can be performed in specialized reactors designed for thermochemical conversion, such as fixed-bed, rotary kiln, or auger reactors, which are suitable for processing various types of biomass or organic waste materials.
[0024] According to embodiments, the biochar is obtained by pyrolysis at the temperature of at least 400 ℃, preferably at least 500 ℃, more preferably at least 600 ℃, most preferably at least 700 ℃.
[0025] Pyrolysis temperature is the key factor determining the surface area and porosity of biochar. Higher pyrolysis temperatures result in biochar with increased porosity and larger surface area, enhancing its effectiveness for various applications, such as carbon sequestration.
[0026] According to preferable embodiments, biochar has a density which is lower than a density of a standard adhesive, especially a standard tile adhesive. In particular, the biochar has a density which is lower than the density of the cementitious tile adhesive but without biochar. Therefore, adhesive composition comprising biochar results in a higher surface coverage than the same composition but without biochar. The density of biochar can be measured by helium pycnometry as described in the standard ISO 12154: 2014.
[0027] A preferred biochar of the present invention has a density of between 1.0 –2.0 g / cm3, preferably 1.3 –1.8 g / cm3, measured by helium pycnometry.
[0028] According to preferred embodiments, a cementitious adhesive composition, in particular a cementitious tile adhesive, comprises, relative to the total dry weight of the cementitious adhesive composition:
[0029] a) 10 to 45 wt. %of at least one cementitious binder;
[0030] b) 50 to 90 wt. %of at least one aggregate;
[0031] c) 0.15 to 2.25 wt. %of biochar,
[0032] wherein the biochar has an average particle size D50 of more than 0.1 mm, as determined by sieve analysis according to EN 12192-1: 2002 or EN 933-1: 2012.
[0033] According to embodiments, the aggregate is selected from at least one of limestone, granite, marble, basalt, olivine, aluminum oxide, sand or a combination thereof, preferably marble and / or limestone and / or sand.
[0034] The term aggregate as used in the context of the present invention refers to mineral materials that are non-reactive in the hydration reaction of cementitious binders. Aggregates can be any aggregate typically used for cementitious materials such as concrete, mortars, screeds, renders, grouts, coatings, putties or the like. Typical aggregates are for example rock, crushed stone, gravel, slag, limestone, sand, recycled concrete, perlite or vermiculite.
[0035] The average particle size of the aggregate is preferably between 0.063 mm and 4 mm, more preferably between 0.063 mm and 2 mm, even more preferably between 0.063 mm and 1 mm, as determined by the sieve analysis according to EN 12192-1:2002 or EN 933-1: 2012. However, other aggregates can also be used for specific purposes.
[0036] According to embodiments, the cementitious binder is a Portland cement.
[0037] Within the present context, the Portland cement, also called Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) , is a CEM I under standard DIN 197-1: 2011. However, other OPC classified, for example, under the relevant ASTM, JIS or Chinese standards is also suitable. According to further embodiments, the OPC is a white cement. White cements can be preferred within the present context as they have a lower water demand.
[0038] According to further embodiments, the cementitious binder is a composite cement of the type CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV or CEM V according to EN 197-1: 2011 or is a limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) .
[0039] Limestone calcinated clay cement (LC3) is known to the person skilled in the art and described, for example, in the review paper “Research evolution of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) , a promising low-carbon binder –A comprehensive overview” by J. A. Calderón, R. Salgado-Pizarro, A. Maldonado-Alameda, J. M. Chimenos, (Vol. 10 (3) , 2024, Heliyon) . Examples of LC3 binder-type compositions are [Portland Cement wt. %: Calcined Clay wt. %: Limestone wt. %] = [70: 20: 10] , [55: 30: 15] , [40: 40: 20] .
[0040] As known to the person skilled in the art, CEM II comprises granulated blast furnace slag.
[0041] According to preferable embodiments, the granulated blast furnace slag is a ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) .
[0042] Slag, within the context of the present invention, especially is iron making slag and / or steelmaking slag. One type of iron making slag is GGBS (also called GGBFS) . A ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) within the present context is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
[0043] According to further preferable embodiments, GGBS has a Blaine fineness of between 2000 –12000 cm2 / g, preferably between 4000 –6000 cm2 / g or 6000 –8000 cm2 / g. Blaine fineness can be measured according to standard EN 196-6: 2018.
[0044] According to embodiments, the cementitious binder is a mixture of a Portland cement and steelmaking slag, preferably basic oxygen furnace slag, ladle slag, or electric arc furnace slag.
[0045] Steel making slag within the present context is a by-product from the steelmaking process. Steel making slag is obtained for example in the Thomas process, the Linz-Donawitz process, the Siemens-Martin process or the electric arc furnace when iron is converted to steel. A very preferred type of steel making slag within the present context is basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF) , also called basic oxygen slag (BOS) .
[0046] According to embodiments, the cementitious adhesive composition further comprises at least one alkaline activator, preferably alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, alkaline-earth metal oxide, alkali metal silicate, sodium sulphate, or mixture thereof.
[0047] According to embodiments, the cementitious adhesive composition further comprises at least one admixture, wherein said admixture is selected from plasticizers, thickeners, retarders, air-entrainers, accelerators, anti-caking agents, antioxidants, de-aerating agents, defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, expansion producing additives, pigments, strength enhancers, waterproofing additives, alkali-aggregate reaction inhibitors, chromate reducers, and / or anti-microbial agents.
[0048] Suitable thickeners can be any known to the person skilled in the art. Examples include cellulose ethers, polyacrylamides and alkali swellable polymers.
[0049] According to further embodiments, the cementitious adhesive composition further comprises a cellulose ether selected from the group consisting of hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose and / or carboxymethyl cellulose, preferably hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and / or hydroxyethyl methylcellulose.
[0050] According to a preferred embodiment, the amount of cellulose ether is from 0.05 to 3 wt.%, in particular from 0.1 to 1 wt. %, especially from 0.2 to 0.6 wt. %, relative to the total dry weight of the cementitious adhesive composition.
[0051] In another aspect the present invention relates to a processable composition comprising the cementitious adhesive composition according to the present invention and water, wherein the weight ratio of water to cementitious adhesive composition is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.5.
[0052] Processable composition, in the present context, means a cementitious adhesive composition that is ready to be applied to a support element, such as a floor structure, to secure a cover element, such as a tile. In particular, the processable composition is in the initial stage of curing of the cementitious binder.
[0053] In particular, the processable composition has an air content from 0 to 5%, in particular from 0.1 to 3%. For example, the air content is measured according to DIN EN 1015-7: 1998.
[0054] Preferably, the processable composition is applied at a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 15 mm, more preferably from 0.5 to 10 mm, in particular from 3 to 6 mm.
[0055] All features and embodiments as described above, also apply to this aspect.
[0056] In another aspect the present invention relates to a structure, in particular a floor, a wall or a ceiling, comprising a cover element, in particular a tile, whereby the cover element is fixed to the structure with a hardened composition according to the present invention.
[0057] All features and embodiments as described above, also apply to this aspect.
[0058] In another aspect the present invention relates to the use of the cementitious adhesive composition of the present invention as a tile adhesive, especially a tile adhesive for indoor applications.
[0059] All features and embodiments as described above, also apply to this aspect.
[0060] In another aspect the present invention relates to the method for preparing a cementitious adhesive composition with a Global Warming Potential of biogenic CO2 emission of less than 0.07 kg CO2 eq. / kg, preferably less than 0.065 kg CO2 eq. / kg, more preferably less than 0.05 kg CO2 eq. / kg, the most preferably less than 0.04 kg CO2 eq. / kg, comprising a step of adding biochar to the cementitious adhesive composition.
[0061] The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to enable the comparison of the global warming effects of various gases. It quantifies how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of a particular gas will absorb over a specified period, compared to the emissions of 1 ton of CO2. In other words, GWP is a metric used within various carbon footprint measurement methods to compare the impacts of different greenhouse gases.
[0062] Carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, emitted directly or indirectly by a product or process, measured over its entire lifecycle. Carbon footprint can, for example, be calculated as CO2 equivalents (CO2 eq. ) per kilogram.
[0063] In particular, in a method of the present invention, the GWP of a cementitious adhesive composition, especially a cementitious tile adhesive composition, is reduced as compared to the same composition but without biochar. In other words, the reduction of GWP of the cementitious adhesive composition is achieved by the presence of biochar in the adhesive composition.
[0064] In the method of the present invention, a skilled person adds a biochar to a cementitious adhesive composition, preferably a cementitious tile adhesive composition, to reduce the GWP below 0.07 kg CO2 eq. / kg, preferably below 0.065 kg CO2 eq. / kg, more preferably below 0.05 kg CO2 eq. / kg, the most preferably below 0.04 kg CO2 eq. / kg. If, after adding biochar, the GWP is not reduced below a certain value, the skilled person adds more biochar. The biochar is added as long as the GWP does not decrease below 0.07 kg CO2 eq. / kg, preferably below 0.065 kg CO2 eq. / kg, more preferably below 0.05 kg CO2 eq. / kg, the most preferably below 0.04 kg CO2 eq. / kg.
[0065] In one of the embodiments, a skilled person adds biochar and at least one supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to a cementitious adhesive composition, preferably a cementitious tile adhesive composition, to reduce the GWP below 0.07 kg CO2 eq. / kg, preferably below 0.065 kg CO2 eq. / kg, more preferably below 0.05 kg CO2 eq. / kg, the most preferably below 0.04 kg CO2 eq. / kg. If, after adding biochar and at least one supplementary cementitious material, the GWP is not reduced below a certain value, the skilled person adds more biochar and supplementary cementitious material. The biochar and at least one supplementary cementitious material are added as long as the GWP does not decrease below 0.07 kg CO2 eq. / kg, preferably below 0.065 kg CO2 eq. / kg, more preferably below 0.05 kg CO2 eq. / kg, the most preferably below 0.04 kg CO2 eq. / kg.
[0066] Within the present context, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are materials that, when used in combination with Portland cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened cementitious composition through hydraulic or pozzolanic activity or both. SCMs are often used to replace a portion of the Portland cement in cementitious compositions. They help to reduce the carbon footprint of cementitious composition by reducing the amount of clinker required for cement production. The most commonly used SCMs are fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume and clay.
[0067] According to preferable embodiments, the cementitious adhesive composition has a negative Global Warming Potential of biogenic CO2 emission.
[0068] A negative Global Warming Potential, in the present context, means that through its entire lifecycle the adhesive removes more CO2 from the atmosphere than it emits or generates, resulting in a net reduction of CO2 levels.
[0069] All features and embodiments as described above, also apply to this aspect.
[0070] Experimental part
[0071] Table 1 shows three cementitious adhesive compositions. The compositions have been prepared by intermixing all of the components in a dry state. The adhesive compositions 1-1 to 1-3 are present as a dry powder and are preferably used as a tile adhesive.
[0072] Table 1: Tile adhesives formulations; all values given in [g] . Examples 1-1 (not inventive) and 1-2, 1-3 (inventive) .
[0073] Tile adhesive compositions 1-1 to 1-3 have been mixed with water (weight ratio of water to total weight of dry adhesive composition was 0.22) in order to obtain processable compositions.
[0074] The obtained processable compositions were then used for adhesion tests according to Annex ZA, Table ZA. 1.1 of EN 12004-1 / 2: 2017. The results of adhesion tensile strength after (a) dry and (b) wet storage are presented in Table 2.
[0075] The carbon footprint of the adhesive compositions disclosed in Table 1 was assessed based on the carbon sequestration potential of 2.05 g of CO2 per g of biochar. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) values of these adhesives, including biogenic emissions, are presented in Table 2.
[0076] Table 2: Results of tested tile adhesive specimens. Examples 1-1 (not inventive) and 1,2, 1-3 (inventive) .
[0077] Both tested adhesion parameters of the inventive compositions fulfill the requirements of the EN 12004-1 / 2: 2017 standard for the tile adhesives for internal use (adhesion tensile strength ≥ 0.5 N / mm2) . The measured values are higher or comparable that the ones of the non-inventive specimen of the same formulation, but without biochar.
[0078] The carbon footprint of the inventive composition, especially of the composition comprising higher amount of biochar, is reduced in comparison to the non-inventive adhesive composition.
Claims
1.A cementitious adhesive composition, in particular a cementitious tile adhesive, comprising:a) at least one cementitious binder;b) at least one aggregate;c) biochar,wherein the weight ratio of biochar to the cementitious binder is between 0.001 and 0.15 to 1, preferably between 0.001 and 0.024 to 1, more preferably between 0.001 and 0.020 to 1, most preferably between 0.001 and 0.014 to 1, andwherein the biochar has an average particle size D50 of more than 0.1 mm, as determined by sieve analysis according to EN 12192-1: 2002 or EN 933-1: 2012.2.The cementitious adhesive composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the aggregate is selected from at least one of limestone, granite, marble, basalt, olivine, aluminum oxide, sand or a combination thereof, preferably marble and / or limestone and / or sand.3.The cementitious adhesive composition according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cementitious binder is a Portland cement.4.The cementitious adhesive composition according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cementitious binder is a composite cement of the type CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV or CEM V according to EN 197-1: 2011, or is a limestone calcined clay cement.5.The cementitious adhesive composition according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cementitious binder is a mixture of a Portland cement and steelmaking slag, preferably basic oxygen furnace slag.6.The cementitious adhesive composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises at least one alkaline activator, preferably alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydroxide, alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, alkaline-earth metal oxide, alkali metal silicate, sodium sulphate, or mixture thereof.7.The cementitious adhesive composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biochar is obtained by pyrolysis, preferably by slow pyrolysis, of woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, agricultural biomass, waste biomass, or manure biomass.8.The cementitious adhesive composition according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biochar is obtained by pyrolysis at the temperature of at least 400 ℃, preferably at least 500 ℃, more preferably at least 600 ℃, most preferably at least 700 ℃.9.A processable composition comprising the cementitious adhesive composition according to any of the preceding claims and water, wherein the weight ratio of water to cementitious adhesive composition is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.5.10.A structure, in particular a floor, a wall or a ceiling, comprising a cover element, in particular a tile, whereby the cover element is fixed to the structure with a hardened composition according to claim 9.11.A use of the cementitious adhesive composition according to any of claims 1 -8 as a tile adhesive, especially a tile adhesive for indoor applications.12.A method for preparing a cementitious adhesive composition with a Global Warming Potential of biogenic CO2 emission of less than 0.07 kg CO2 eq. / kg, preferably less than 0.065 kg CO2 eq. / kg, more preferably less than 0.05 kg CO2 eq. / kg, the most preferably less than 0.04 kg CO2 eq. / kg, comprising a step of adding biochar to the cementitious adhesive composition.13.A method according to claim 12, wherein the cementitious adhesive composition has a negative Global Warming Potential of biogenic CO2 emission.
Citation Information
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