Information transmission method, first device, and second device

Abstract

The present application relates to an information transmission method, a first device, a second device, a chip, a computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a computer program, and a communication system. The method comprises: a first device receives a first PPDU from a second device, the first PPDU being used for instructing the first device to send a second PPDU; and the first device sends the second PPDU to the second device, the second PPDU comprising first data. According to the embodiments of the present application, a second device can acquire a channel resource required for data transmission, thereby reducing the capability requirements placed on a first device.

Description

Information transmission method, first device and second device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication, and more particularly, to an information transmission method, a first device, a second device, a chip, a computer readable storage medium, a computer program product, a computer program and a communication system. BACKGROUND

[0002] An Ambient power enabled IoT (A-IoT) device is powered by ambient energy. Such a device can have no energy storage capability or very limited energy storage capability. A-IoT devices generally have many advantages such as no regular battery, maintenance-free, small size, low complexity, low cost, long life cycle, and the like, and are widely used in various industries. Since A-IoT devices have lower capabilities than traditional communication devices, how to perform data transmission needs to be considered.

[0003] SUMMARY

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide an information transmission method. A first device can perform corresponding data transmission according to an indication of a second device.

[0005] Embodiments of the present application provide an information transmission method, comprising:

[0006] The first device receives a first PPDU (Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit) from the second device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU;

[0007] The first device sends the second PPDU to the second device; wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

[0008] Embodiments of the present application provide an information transmission method, comprising:

[0009] The second device sends the first PPDU to the first device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU;

[0010] The second device receives the second PPDU from the first device; wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

[0011] Embodiments of the present application provide a first device, comprising:

[0012] The first communication module is configured to receive a first PPDU from a second device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU;

[0013] The first communication module is further configured to send a second PPDU to the second device, wherein the second PPDU comprises the first data.

[0014] The embodiments of the present application provide a second device, comprising:

[0015] The second communication module is configured to send a first PPDU to the first device, wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU.

[0016] The second communication module is further configured to receive the second PPDU from the first device, wherein the second PPDU comprises the first data.

[0017] The embodiments of the present application provide a first device, comprising a transceiver, a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program, the transceiver is configured to communicate with other devices, and the processor is configured to invoke and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the first device performs the information transmission method.

[0018] The embodiments of the present application provide a second device, comprising a transceiver, a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store a computer program, the transceiver is configured to communicate with other devices, and the processor is configured to invoke and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the second device performs the information transmission method.

[0019] The embodiments of the present application provide a chip, which is used to implement the information transmission method.

[0020] Specifically, the chip comprises a processor, which is configured to invoke and run a computer program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip performs the information transmission method.

[0021] The embodiments of the present application provide a computer readable storage medium, which is configured to store a computer program, when the computer program is run by a device, so that the device performs the information transmission method.

[0022] The embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, comprising computer program instructions, which make a computer perform the information transmission method.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application provide a computer program, when it is run on a computer, so that the computer performs the information transmission method.

[0024] In the embodiment of the present application, the first device receives a first PPDU from the second device, and sends a second PPDU to the second device based on an indication of the first PPDU, wherein the second PPDU comprises first data. Since the first device performs corresponding data transmission based on the indication of the second device, the channel resource required for the data transmission can be obtained by the second device, and the requirement for the capability of the first device is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure according to 802.11a version.

[0027] FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure according to 802.11n version.

[0028] FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure according to 802.11ac version.

[0029] FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure according to 802.11ax version.

[0030] FIG. 2E is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure according to 802.11ba version.

[0031] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a zero-power communication system.

[0032] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting.

[0033] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication.

[0034] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation.

[0035] FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of NRZ encoding.

[0036] FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of Manchester encoding.

[0037] FIG. 7C is a schematic diagram of unipolar return-to-zero encoding.

[0038] FIG. 7D is a schematic diagram of DBP encoding.

[0039] FIG. 7E is a schematic diagram of Miller encoding.

[0040] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of an information transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of an information transmission method according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a first PPDU according to an application example of the present application.

[0043] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an information transmission method according to another application example of the present application.

[0044] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an example 1 of a second PPDU frame structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a determination manner of time-frequency resources according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of another determination manner of time-frequency resources according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an example 2 of a second PPDU frame structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an example 3 of a second PPDU frame structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of an example 4 of a second PPDU frame structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] FIG. 19 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0052] FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of a first device according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram of a second device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG. 24 is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] FIG. 25 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0059] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example: a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an Advanced long term evolution (LTE-A) system, a New Radio (NR) system, an evolved system of the NR system, a LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, a NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) system, a Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) system, a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), a Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), a 5th-Generation (5G) system, a 6th-Generation (6G) system, or other communication systems, and the like.

[0060] Generally, a conventional communication system supports a limited number of connections, and is easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, a mobile communication system will not only support conventional communication, but also support, for example, Device to Device (D2D) communication, Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, Machine Type Communication (MTC), Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication, or Vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, and the like. The embodiments of the present application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0061] In an embodiment, the communication system in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, can also be applied to a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, and can also be applied to a standalone (SA) network deployment scenario.

[0062] In an implementation, the communication system in embodiments of the present application can be applied to unlicensed spectrum, which can also be considered as shared spectrum, or applied to licensed spectrum, which can also be considered as unshared spectrum.

[0063] Embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in combination with network devices and terminal devices, wherein the terminal device can also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device, etc.

[0064] The terminal device can be a station (STA) in a WLAN, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld device having wireless communication function, a computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, an in-vehicle device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a next-generation communication system such as an NR network, or a terminal device in a future evolved Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network, etc.

[0065] In embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable, or in-vehicle; can also be deployed on water surface (such as ships, etc.); and can also be deployed in the air (such as airplanes, balloons, and satellites, etc.).

[0066] In embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a Virtual Reality (VR) terminal device, an Augmented Reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical treatment, a wireless terminal device in smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in smart city, or a wireless terminal device in smart home, etc.

[0067] By way of example and not limitation, in embodiments of the present application, the terminal device can also be a wearable device. The wearable device can also be referred to as a wearable smart device, which is a general term for devices that are designed and developed by applying wearable technology to daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. The wearable device is a portable device that is directly worn on the body or integrated into the clothes or accessories of the user. The wearable device is not only a hardware device, but also a device that realizes powerful functions through software support and data interaction and cloud interaction. The broad sense of wearable smart devices includes devices with full functions and large sizes that can realize complete or partial functions without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, and devices that focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in cooperation with other devices, such as smart phones, such as various smart wristbands and smart jewelry for monitoring vital signs.

[0068] In embodiments of the present application, the network device can be a device for communicating with the mobile device, and the network device can be an access point (Access Point, AP) in a WLAN, an evolved node B (Evolutional Node B, eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, or a relay station or an access point, or a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a network device in an NR network (gNB) or a future evolved PLMN network or a network device in an NTN network, etc.

[0069] By way of example and not limitation, in embodiments of the present application, the network device can have mobile characteristics, for example, the network device can be a mobile device. Alternatively, the network device can be a satellite, a balloon station. For example, the satellite can be a low earth orbit (low earth orbit, LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbit (medium earth orbit, MEO) satellite, a geostationary earth orbit (geostationary earth orbit, GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (High Elliptical Orbit, HEO) satellite, etc. Alternatively, the network device can also be a base station arranged at a position on land, water, etc.

[0070] In the embodiments of the present application, the network device can serve a cell, and the terminal device communicates with the network device through a transmission resource (for example, a frequency domain resource, or a spectrum resource) used by the cell. The cell can be a cell corresponding to the network device (for example, a base station), and the cell can belong to a macro base station or a base station corresponding to a small cell (Small cell). The small cell can include a metro cell, a micro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and the like. The small cell has the characteristics of small coverage and low transmit power, and is suitable for providing a high-rate data transmission service.

[0071] FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a communication system 100. The communication system includes one network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. In an implementation, the communication system 100 can include multiple network devices 110, and each network device 110 can include other numbers of terminal devices 120 within the coverage of the network device 110. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0072] In an implementation, the communication system 100 can further include a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF), and other network entities. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0073] It should be understood that the devices with communication functions in the network / system in the embodiments of the present application can be referred to as communication devices. Taking the communication system shown in FIG. 1 as an example, the communication devices can include network devices and terminal devices with communication functions. The network devices and the terminal devices can be specific devices in the embodiments of the present application, which will not be described herein again. The communication devices can also include other devices in the communication system, such as a network controller, a mobility management entity, and other network entities. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0074] It should be understood that the terms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably in the present document. The term “and / or” in the present document is only used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character “ / ” generally represents an “or” relationship between the associated objects.

[0075] It should be understood that the "indication" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be direct indication, can also be indirect indication, and can also be an indication that has a correlation relationship. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; or A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; or A and B have a correlation relationship.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" can mean that there is a direct or indirect corresponding relationship between the two, can also mean that there is a correlation relationship between the two, or can mean an indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, and the like.

[0077] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the related technologies of the embodiments of the present application are described as follows, and the following related technologies can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application in any manner as optional schemes, which all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0078] (I) Some PPDU frame structures / formats of the existing IEEE 802.11 system

[0079] The WiFi communication system has developed many different versions (such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, etc.) to meet different application scenarios, data rates, propagation distances / coverage, etc. Different design and optimization methods are used. From the perspective of the physical layer protocol, the PPDU structure (also known as the physical layer frame structure) is one of the design focuses, which needs to ensure the interoperability between different devices.

[0080] Several existing PPDU frame structures are introduced as follows. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure of 802.11a version, which includes a short training field (STF), a long training field (LTF), a signal field (SIG), and a data (Data) part. Among them, the STF, LTF and SIG are also basically used in subsequent PPDU frame structures of other versions. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure of 802.11n version, which introduces high-throughput (HT) and adds an HT-SIG field on the basis of the legacy preamble of 802.11a. The legacy preamble includes a legacy STF (L-STF), a legacy LTF (L-STF) and a legacy SIG (L-STF). The HT-SIG field uses quadrature binary phase shift keying (Q-BPSK) modulation, which can enable STA devices to distinguish between HT and non-HT types of data packets. FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure of 802.11ac version, which also adds a new VHT-SIG (Very High Throughtput-SIG) field and a VHT-STF field after the legacy preamble. In order to distinguish from 802.11a and 802.11n, the newly introduced VHT-SIG field includes two 4us symbols, and is modulated by binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and Q-BPSK respectively. FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure of 802.11ax version, which needs to combine the length indication (whether divisible by 3) in the L-SIG field and the modulation method of the subsequent field to identify. FIG. 2E is a schematic diagram of a PPDU frame structure of 802.11ba version, which is designed for energy-saving users (LP-WUR). The PPDU frame structure includes a wideband part of non-wake-up radio (non-WUR) and a narrowband part of wake-up radio (WUR). The non-WUR part also includes L-SFT, L-LTF, L-SIG and two BPSK-mark (as a wideband signal and using OFDM modulation as in other versions) for distinguishing versions.The non-WUR part is mainly for non-WUR receivers to detect and identify the WUR PPDU, and avoid transmitting in this PPDU to reduce interference. The WUR part uses narrowband signal (4MHz) and MC-OOK modulation, and contains WUR-Sync and WUR-data part. WUR-Sync is used for WUR receiver to detect PPDU, timing and determine the rate of data part, so as to read the subsequent data part. It should be noted that the WUR part does not have a special SIG field to indicate the length of data (data), but the length information is placed in the first few bytes of the data field (length info is encoded in MPDU, from MAC layer). This requires the receiver to do some cross-layer cooperation, that is, the physical layer needs to upload a part of the data to the MAC layer first to determine the length of the data field. This design will increase the complexity of the receiver, but it can also alleviate the demand for SIG field of WUR PPDU.

[0081] (ii) Zero-Power Internet of Things

[0082] In recent years, the application of zero-power devices is becoming more and more widespread. In the process of standardization discussion, zero-power Internet of Things can also be called Ambient power enabled Internet of Things or Ambient IoT. In some technical literature, it is also called passive IoT. Ambient IoT (which can be further abbreviated as A-IoT) means IoT devices using various ambient energy (such as wireless radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, etc.). Such devices can have no energy storage capability, or have very limited energy storage capability (such as using a capacitor with a capacity of tens of uF). Compared with existing IoT devices, Ambient IoT devices have many advantages such as no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, long life cycle, etc.

[0083] Zero-power communication adopts energy harvesting and backscattering communication technology. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a zero-power communication system. As shown in FIG. 3, the zero-power communication system includes a network device and a zero-power terminal (which can also be referred to as a zero-power device, an A-IoT device). The network device is configured to send a wireless power supply signal and a downlink communication signal (e.g., a trigger signal) to the zero-power terminal, and receive a backscattering signal of the zero-power terminal. A basic zero-power terminal includes an energy harvesting module, a backscattering communication module, and a low-power computing module. In addition, the zero-power terminal can also have a memory or a sensor for storing some basic information (such as an article identifier) or obtaining environmental temperature, environmental humidity, and other sensor data.

[0084] The key technologies of zero-power communication mainly include radio frequency energy harvesting and backscattering communication.

[0085] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting. As shown in FIG. 4, the radio frequency energy harvesting module is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction to harvest the energy of space electromagnetic waves, and then obtain the energy required to drive the zero-power device to work, such as driving low-power demodulation and modulation modules, sensors, and memory reading. Therefore, the zero-power device can not need a traditional battery.

[0086] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of backscattering communication. As shown in FIG. 5, the zero-power terminal receives the wireless signal sent by the network, modulates the wireless signal, loads the information to be sent, and radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscattering communication. Backscattering and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the oscillation loop of the zero-power device according to the beat of the data stream, so that the size of the impedance of the electronic tag and other parameters change, thereby completing the modulation process. Load modulation technology mainly includes resistance load modulation and capacitance load modulation. FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of resistance load modulation. As shown in FIG. 6, in resistance load modulation, a resistance R L A resistance R3 is connected in parallel, which is turned on or off based on the control of the binary data stream (e.g., by controlling the switch S to turn on or off). The on-off of the resistance will cause the change of the circuit voltage, so as to realize amplitude shift keying (ASK), that is, the modulation and transmission of the signal are realized by adjusting the amplitude of the backscattering signal of the zero-power device. Similarly, in capacitance load modulation, the on-off of the capacitance can realize the change of the circuit resonance frequency, realize frequency shift keying (FSK), that is, the modulation and transmission of the signal are realized by adjusting the working frequency of the backscattering signal of the zero-power device.

[0087] It can be seen that the zero-power device modulates the incoming signal by means of load modulation to realize the backscatter communication process. Therefore, the zero-power device has the following advantages:

[0088] 1. The terminal does not actively transmit signals, and thus does not need a complex radio frequency link, such as a power amplifier (PA) and a radio frequency filter;

[0089] 2. The terminal does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, and thus does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator;

[0090] 3. With the backscatter communication, the terminal signal transmission does not need to consume the terminal energy itself.

[0091] (Three) Application scenarios of zero-power communication

[0092] Due to the significant advantages of extremely low cost, zero power consumption, and small size, the zero-power communication can be widely applied in various industries, such as logistics, intelligent warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, industrial internet, and the like, and can also be applied in personal applications such as smart wearable and smart home.

[0093] (Four) Encoding method of zero-power communication

[0094] The data transmitted by the zero-power terminal (for example, an electronic tag) can be represented by different forms of codes to represent binary "1" and "0". The wireless radio frequency identification system usually uses one of the following encoding methods: non-return-to-zero code (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, unipolar RZ encoding, differential binary phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, and differential encoding. In simple terms, different pulse signals are used to represent 0 and 1.

[0095] FIG. 7A shows a schematic diagram of NRZ encoding. As shown in FIG. 7A, the NRZ encoding uses a high level to represent binary "1" and a low level to represent binary "0".

[0096] Figure 7B shows a schematic diagram of Manchester encoding. Manchester encoding is also known as Split-Phase Coding. As shown in Figure 7B, in Manchester encoding, the value of a bit is represented by a change in level (rise / fall) at the middle of the bit length, a negative transition at the middle of the bit length represents binary "1", and a positive transition at the middle of the bit length represents binary "0". Manchester encoding is commonly used for data transmission from the electronic tag to the reader when using carrier wave modulation or backscatter modulation, as this is advantageous for detecting errors in data transmission. This is because a state of "no change" is not allowed during the bit length. When multiple electronic tags transmit data bits of different values at the same time, the rising and falling edges of the received signals cancel each other out, resulting in an uninterrupted carrier wave signal during the entire bit length. Since this state is not allowed, the reader can determine the exact location of the collision by using this error.

[0097] Figure 7C shows a schematic diagram of unipolar return-to-zero encoding. As shown in Figure 7C, unipolar return-to-zero encoding represents binary "1" by a high level in the first half of the bit period, and represents binary "0" by a low level signal that lasts for the entire bit period. Unipolar return-to-zero encoding can be used to extract the bit synchronization signal.

[0098] Figure 7D shows a schematic diagram of DBP encoding. As shown in Figure 7D, DBP encoding represents binary "0" by any edge in the half bit period, and represents binary "1" by no edge. In addition, the level is inverted at the beginning of each bit period. Therefore, it is easier for the receiver to reconstruct the bit clock.

[0099] Figure 7E shows a schematic diagram of Miller encoding. As shown in Figure 7E, Miller encoding represents binary "1" by any edge in the half bit period, and represents binary "0" by a constant level in the next bit period. The level is inverted at the beginning of the bit period. Therefore, it is easier for the receiver to reconstruct the bit clock.

[0100] In differential encoding, each binary "1" to be transmitted causes a change in signal level, while for binary "0", the signal level remains unchanged.

[0101] (Five) Classification of Zero-Power Terminals

[0102] Based on the energy source and the usage of the zero-power terminal, zero-power terminals can be classified as follows:

[0103] (1) Passive Zero-Power Terminal

[0104] Zero-power terminal does not need to install a battery, when the zero-power device is close to the network device, the zero-power device is in the near field formed by the network device antenna radiation, wherein the network device is for example the reader of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system. Therefore, the zero-power device antenna generates induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device. The work of demodulating the forward link signal and modulating the backward link signal is realized. For the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses the backscatter implementation mode to transmit signals.

[0105] It can be seen that the passive zero-power device does not need to install a built-in battery to drive, and is a truly zero-power device whether it is a forward link or a reverse link.

[0106] The passive zero-power device does not need a battery, and the radio frequency circuit and the baseband circuit are very simple, for example, without low-noise amplifiers (LNA), power amplifiers (PA), crystal oscillators, analog-to-digital converters (ADC), etc. Therefore, it has many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, long service life, etc.

[0107] The passive zero-power device can also support other energy collection methods, and obtain the energy of the driving circuit by collecting the energy in the environment (such as light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.), to support the terminal device to communicate.

[0108] (2) Semi-passive zero-power device

[0109] The semi-passive zero-power device itself does not install a conventional battery, but can use a wireless radio frequency (RF) energy collection module to collect wireless radio energy or use an energy collection module to collect energy in the environment (such as solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration energy, etc.), and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device. The work of demodulating the forward link signal and modulating the backward link signal is realized. For the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses the backscatter implementation mode to transmit signals.

[0110] It can be seen that the semi-passive zero-power device does not need to install a built-in battery to drive, although it uses the energy stored by the capacitor in the work, but the energy comes from the wireless energy collected by the energy collection module, so it is also a truly zero-power device whether it is a forward link or a reverse link.

[0111] Semi-passive zero-power device inherits many advantages of passive zero-power device, so it has many advantages such as small size, light weight, very cheap price, long service life and so on.

[0112] (3) Active zero-power device

[0113] Some zero-power devices used in some scenarios can also be active zero-power devices, which can be built-in battery (conventional battery, such as dry battery, rechargeable lithium battery, etc.). The battery is used to drive the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device. It realizes the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal and other work. But for the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses the backscatter implementation mode to transmit signals. Therefore, the zero-power of this kind of terminal mainly reflects that the signal transmission of the back link does not need the power of the terminal itself, but uses the backscatter mode. Although the active zero-power device uses a battery, due to the use of ultra-low power communication technology, the power consumption is very low, so compared with the prior art, the working life of the battery can be greatly improved.

[0114] The active zero-power device has a built-in battery to supply power to the RFID chip to increase the read-write distance of the tag and improve the reliability of communication. Therefore, it can be applied in some scenarios with relatively high requirements on communication distance, reading delay and other aspects.

[0115] For some zero-power devices, such as semi-passive zero-power devices or active zero-power devices, they can have the ability to actively transmit, that is, in addition to communicating through backscatter, the back link can also communicate through active transmission.

[0116] As we all know, the business type of zero-power Internet of Things is similar to other Internet of Things business types, and will also be mainly based on industry business. Therefore, the transmitter type based on zero-power device can divide the zero-power device into the following types:

[0117] (1) Zero-power device based on backscatter

[0118] This kind of zero-power device uses the backscatter mode as before to send uplink data. This kind of device does not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only has a backscatter transmitter. Therefore, when this kind of terminal transmits data, it needs to provide a carrier by a network device, and the terminal device performs backscatter based on the carrier to realize data transmission.

[0119] (2) Zero-power device based on active transmitter

[0120] Such zero-power devices use active transmitters with active transmission capability for uplink data transmission, so when sending data, the zero-power devices can send data using their own active transmitters without the need for network devices to provide carriers. Active transmitters suitable for zero-power devices may be, for example, ultra-low-power ASK, ultra-low-power FSK transmitters, etc. Based on current implementation, the overall power consumption of such transmitters can be reduced to 400-600 uw when transmitting a 100 uw (micro watt) signal.

[0121] (3) Zero-power devices with both backscattering and active transmitters

[0122] Such terminals can support both backscattering and active transmitters. The terminal can determine which transmission mode to use, backscattering or active transmission using an active transmitter, based on different situations (such as the amount of power, available environmental energy), or based on the scheduling of the network device.

[0123] (Six) Cellular passive Internet of Things

[0124] Cellular Internet of Things is booming, and NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things), MTC, RedCap (Reduced Capability), and other Internet of Things technologies have been standardized. However, there are still many Internet of Things communication needs in various scenarios that cannot be met using existing technologies, for example:

[0125] 1. Severe communication environment

[0126] Some Internet of Things scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperature, extremely low temperature, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed motion. For example, ultra-high voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, high-cold environment monitoring, industrial production lines, etc. In these scenarios, due to the working environment limitations of conventional power supplies, existing Internet of Things terminals will not be able to work. In addition, extreme working environments are also not conducive to the maintenance of the Internet of Things, such as replacing batteries.

[0127] 2. Extremely small terminal form factor requirements

[0128] Some Internet of Things communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity circulation, and smart wearables, require terminals to have extremely small sizes to facilitate their use in these scenarios. For example, Internet of Things terminals for commodity management in the circulation link are usually in the form of electronic tags, which are very small and embedded in commodity packaging. For another example, lightweight wearable devices can meet user needs while improving user experience.

[0129] 3. Extremely low-cost Internet of Things communication requirements

[0130] Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios necessitate that IoT terminals be priced competitively.

[0131] Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, it is also necessary to develop ultra-low cost, extremely small size, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT in cellular networks, and zero-power IoT can meet this need.

[0132] Based on the discussion of zero-power IoT / A-IoT application scenarios, A-IoT can be used in at least the following four types of scenarios:

[0133] Object recognition, such as in logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

[0134] Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring of temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment;

[0135] Location services, such as indoor positioning, smart item finding, and production line item positioning;

[0136] Intelligent control, such as the intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and the intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0137] Based on the aforementioned technologies, it's understandable that if an A-IoT system is deployed on unlicensed spectrum, coexistence with traditional IEEE devices and other A-IoT devices needs to be considered. Similarly, the L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG of the PPDU frame preamble need to be retained, and other methods should be used to enable the receiver to identify whether the PPDU is an AMP (Ambient Power) PPDU to determine whether to receive it. Optionally, a narrowband A-IoT signal can be appended after the wideband preamble / header, dedicated to A-IoT devices. At least for downlink (AP to STA) AMP-PPDUs, a structure similar to WUR can be adopted. On the other hand, the A-IoT system needs to support both downlink (AP to STA) and uplink (STA to AP) transmission directions. How to design the AMP-UL PPDU structure is a problem that needs to be considered.

[0138] FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart of a method of information transmission performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present application. The method can be optionally applied to the system shown in FIG. 1, but is not limited thereto. The method comprises at least part of the following.

[0139] S810, the first device receives a first PPDU from a second device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to transmit a second PPDU;

[0140] S820, the first device transmits the second PPDU to the second device; wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

[0141] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device can be a terminal device. Optionally, the first device can be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT). For example, the IoT can be an Ambient- IoT (A-IoT) system or an Ambient Energy IoT or a Zero Power IoT, and the first device can be an A-IoT device or a zero power terminal.

[0142] In an embodiment of the present application, the second device can be a network node, such as a network device or an intermediate node, which communicates with the first device in a network. For example, the second device can be a network device, and the first device can communicate directly with the network device. For another example, the second device can be an intermediate node, and the first device can communicate with a network device through the intermediate node, wherein the network device transmits information to the first device through the intermediate node. Optionally, the intermediate node can be a terminal device or a network device.

[0143] Optionally, the network can be an A-IoT system or an Ambient Energy IoT or a Zero Power IoT. Optionally, the A-IoT system can be deployed in an unlicensed frequency spectrum. As an example, the first device can be a STA in the network, and the second device can be an AP in the network. Accordingly, the first PPDU transmitted by the second device to the first device can be understood as a downlink PPDU, and the second PPDU transmitted by the first device to the second device can be understood as an uplink PPDU.

[0144] It should be noted that, even though the Ambient Energy IoT or the Zero Power IoT is taken as an example, the method of information transmission in an embodiment of the present application can also be applied to other types of networks, which are not limited in the present application.

[0145] In an embodiment of the present application, the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to transmit the second PPDU. Optionally, the first PPDU can be used to trigger the first device to transmit the second PPDU, and / or to instruct the first device how to transmit the second PPDU, such as to instruct all or part of the transmission parameters of the second PPDU.

[0146] In the embodiments of the present application, the second PPDU includes first data. Here, the first data can include data sent by the first device to the second device based on the scheduling of the first PPDU. Alternatively, the first data can be understood as a data field in the second PPDU, including data information from the MAC layer. For example, the first data can include access information sent based on the random access request of the second device, or service information that the second device needs to report to the first device, such as sensing data, state information of the first device, identification information of the first device, or other service information associated with the first device (such as information of an associated article).

[0147] Corresponding to the above method, FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of an information transmission method performed by the second device according to an embodiment of the present application, which includes the following steps:

[0148] S910, the second device sends a first PPDU to the first device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU;

[0149] S920, the second device receives the second PPDU from the first device; wherein the second PPDU includes first data.

[0150] It can be understood that the technical details in the information transmission method performed by the second device can be implemented by referring to the corresponding content in the aforementioned information transmission method performed by the first device, which will not be described here.

[0151] According to the information transmission method of the embodiments of the present application, the first device receives the first PPDU from the second device, and sends the second PPDU to the second device based on the indication of the first PPDU, wherein the second PPDU includes first data. Since the first device performs corresponding data transmission based on the indication of the second device, the channel resources required for the data transmission can be obtained by the second device, thereby reducing the requirement for the capability of the first device.

[0152] In some embodiments, the first PPDU can include a wideband part and a narrowband part.

[0153] For example, the wideband part can be used for non-A-IoT devices to identify whether the first PPDU is an AMP PPDU, so that the non-A-IoT devices determine whether to receive the first PPDU. That is, the wideband part can be used for coexistence with non-A-IoT devices.

[0154] For example, the narrowband part can be used for A-IoT devices to identify and detect.

[0155] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a first PPDU in an application example of the present application. As shown in FIG. 10, the wideband part can include L-STF, L-LTF and L-SIG. Optionally, the wideband part can further include at least one newly added field (e.g., newly added field 1 and newly added field 2 in FIG. 10), and the modulation mode of the field and / or the length information in L-SIG can be used to distinguish whether the first PPDU is an AMP PPDU.

[0156] Optionally, the narrowband part can include:

[0157] Synchronization information (AMP-Sync): at least used for timing synchronization. Optionally, the AMP-Sync can also be used to distinguish the AMP-PPDU and the WUR-PPDU, and / or indicate partial information (e.g., the code rate, length, target device ID, etc. information can be carried by the AMP-Sync sequence).

[0158] SIG for AMP (AMP-SIG): the field is optional. If present, it can be used to indicate the code rate, length, target device ID, etc. information of the data part or distinguish the AMP-PPDU and the WUR-PPDU. If these information are carried by the AMP-Sync or the AMP-data, the physical layer can omit the AMP-SIG field.

[0159] Data for AMP (AMP-data): carrying the data information from the MAC layer of the second device.

[0160] In some embodiments, the information transmission method further includes: determining, by the first device, a first transmission parameter of the first data based on the predefined information and / or the first indication information in the first PPDU. Optionally, the first device transmits the second PPDU based on the first transmission parameter.

[0161] Here, the first transmission parameter can be used for encoding or transmitting the first data, and it can be understood that the first transmission parameter is also used for receiving and decoding the first data. In some embodiments, the first transmission parameter of the first data includes one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode. Optionally, the transmission mode can include active transmission or backscatter.

[0162] In some embodiments, the predefined information can include default information or protocol-agreed information or system-agreed information. For example, the predefined information can include a modulation and coding mode, a data length, a transmission mode, etc., and the first device transmits the second PPDU based on these parameters, i.e., the first device only supports one modulation and coding mode and fixed data length and transmission mode, and the first device can not need to carry these parameters for decoding the first data in the second PPDU, thereby simplifying the implementation on the first device side.

[0163] In some embodiments, the first indication information can be carried by one or more of the following in the first PPDU: a synchronization sequence, a SIG, the second data, and the first control information.

[0164] Optionally, the synchronization sequence is used for synchronization between the first device and the second device, for example, the synchronization sequence can be an AMP-Sync of the narrowband part as shown in FIG. 10. Optionally, the synchronization sequence can also be used to distinguish the first PPDU from other types of PPDU, for example, the first PPDU is an AMP-PPDU, the synchronization sequence can be used to distinguish the AMP-PPDU and the WUR-PPDU. Optionally, the synchronization sequence can also be used to indicate information, for example, to indicate the code rate, length, target device ID, etc. of the first PPDU; for another example, the synchronization sequence can be used to indicate all or part of the first transmission parameters of the first data in the second PPDU.

[0165] Optionally, the SIG in the first PPDU can include a SIG (e.g. L-SIG) of the wideband part and / or a SIG (e.g. AMP-SIG) of the narrowband part. Optionally, the SIG in the first PPDU can be used to distinguish the first PPDU from other types of PPDU (e.g. to distinguish the AMP-PPDU and the WUR-PPDU). Optionally, the SIG can be used to indicate information. For example, the SIG in the first PPDU indicates the code rate, length, target device ID, etc. of the second data in the first PPDU; for another example, the SIG carries all or part of the first transmission parameters of the first data in the second PPDU.

[0166] Optionally, the second data in the first PPDU can be carried by a data field (e.g. AMP-data) of the first PPDU. The second data can include data information from the MAC layer of the second device, and can also include all or part of the first transmission parameters of the first data in the second PPDU.

[0167] Optionally, the first control information in the first PPDU can be carried by a control field in the first PPDU, and the first control information can include all or part of the first transmission parameters of the first data in the second PPDU.

[0168] It can be seen that one or more of the synchronization sequence, the SIG, the second data, and the first control information in the first PPDU can indicate all or part of the first transmission parameter of the first data in the second PPDU, that is, one or more of the synchronization sequence, the SIG, the second data, and the first control information in the first PPDU contains first indication information, and the first indication information indicates all or part of the first transmission parameter of the first data in the second PPDU. In this way, the first device does not need to carry these parameters in the second PPDU for decoding the first data, thereby simplifying the implementation on the first device side.

[0169] It can be understood that the first transmission parameter can be determined based on the predefined information and / or the first indication information, that is, the first transmission parameter can be determined entirely by the predefined information, or entirely by the first indication information, or partially by the predefined information, or partially by the first indication information.

[0170] It should be noted that the first transmission parameter can be all or part of the parameters for encoding / decoding, transmitting / receiving the first data. For example, when the first transmission parameter is determined based on the predefined information and / or the first indication information, the first device does not need to carry the first transmission parameter in the second PPDU, and meanwhile, the second PPDU can not need to carry other parameters (the second PPDU can only include the first data) or still need to carry other parameters of the first data through other parts.

[0171] According to the above method, the first device determines the first transmission parameter of the first data based on the predefined information and / or the first indication information in the first PPDU, which can simplify the implementation on the first device side, and the second device can also accurately predict the length of the first data and directly decode the first data.

[0172] In some embodiments, the time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected by the first device from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

[0173] Optionally, the predetermined rule can be a default rule or a rule indicated by the first PPDU, for example, one or more of the synchronization sequence, the SIG, the second data, and the first control information in the first PPDU described above can also indicate the rule, for example, the rule is to determine the resource ID according to the ID of the first device and / or the number of resources, or to randomly select the time-frequency resource.

[0174] For example, the number of optional time-frequency resources of the first device is 9, and the resource ID can be obtained by performing a modulo operation on 9 based on the ID of the first device, which can be represented as mod(STA-ID, 9), where STA-ID represents the ID of the first device. Further, the time-frequency resource corresponding to the resource ID is used as the time-frequency resource of the second PPDU.

[0175] According to the predetermined rule or random selection of the time-frequency resource of the second PPDU, it can be avoided that multiple devices transmit data to the second device on the same time-frequency resource, thereby avoiding transmission conflicts.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first device transmits the second PPDU to the second device includes: the first device determines the first time-frequency resource according to the indication information associated with each time-frequency resource of the plurality of time-frequency resources, and transmits the second PPDU to the second device on the first time-frequency resource. In other words, the time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to the indication information associated with each time-frequency resource of the plurality of time-frequency resources.

[0177] Optionally, the indication information associated with each time-frequency resource of the plurality of time-frequency resources can be carried by the first PPDU. For example, the first PPDU includes a plurality of time-frequency resource indication information, each time-frequency resource indication information is associated with a time-frequency resource, and the time-frequency resource indication information is used to indicate the identification information of the device corresponding to the associated time-frequency resource. For example, a certain time-frequency resource indication information indicates the identification information of the first device, and the first device can transmit the second PPDU on the time-frequency resource associated with the time-frequency resource indication information. The identification information is, for example, a device ID.

[0178] In some embodiments, the first PPDU includes a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; wherein the first SIG is used to indicate the common parameters of the plurality of devices scheduled by the second device; the plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each second SIG of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted on the position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and each second SIG is used to indicate the identification information of the device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

[0179] Optionally, the second device can schedule a plurality of devices (such as a plurality of A-IoT devices) for uplink transmission through the first PPDU, for example, schedule the first device, the third device, etc. for uplink transmission, then the first SIG in the first PPDU contains the common parameters of all scheduled devices, and the second SIG includes the specific parameters of each scheduled device.

[0180] It can be understood that the second SIG is the time-frequency resource indication information associated with the time-frequency resource. Each second SIG is transmitted on the position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, for example, on the time-frequency resource adjacent to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG. If the first device receives the first SIG, the first device detects the second SIG for indicating the identification information of the first device, and if the first device detects the identification information of the first device on a certain time-frequency resource, that is, the first device detects the second SIG corresponding to the first device on a certain time-frequency resource, then the first device transmits the second PPDU on the time-frequency resource adjacent to the time-frequency resource.

[0181] According to the method, the first device can select the time-frequency resource according to the schedule of the second device, thereby avoiding transmission conflict.

[0182] In some embodiments, the first N bits (or the first M bits) in the first data are used to indicate the second transmission parameter of the first data, N (or M) being an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0183] Exemplarily, the second transmission parameter can include a data length. In this way, when the second device receives the first data, the second device can first decode the first N bits to determine the length of the first data, thereby correctly decoding the complete first data.

[0184] It can be understood that the second transmission parameter can include one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

[0185] Optionally, the second transmission parameter and the first transmission parameter can include different types of parameters. For example, the first device can determine the first transmission parameter based on predefined information or an indication of the first PPDU, the first transmission parameter including a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, etc., which is understood by the first device and the second device, and the first device does not need to carry the first transmission parameter in the second PPDU. The first device carries the second transmission parameter in the second PPDU, and the second transmission parameter can include a data length.

[0186] In some embodiments, the second PPDU includes synchronization information, which is used for the second device to perform time-frequency calibration with the first device, or in other words, for the second device to synchronize with the first device, for example, the second device calculates a time-frequency offset with the first device based on the synchronization information and performs calibration or adjustment. The second PPDU includes the synchronization information, which can improve transmission performance. Optionally, the synchronization information can be understood as a synchronization field (Sync field) in the second PPDU.

[0187] In some embodiments, the information transmission method further includes: the first device determines a modulation mode of the synchronization information based on predefined information and / or a second indication in the first PPDU.

[0188] Exemplarily, the predefined information can be default or protocol-agreed or system-agreed information. Determining the modulation mode of the synchronization information based on the predefined information can also be understood as the first device using a fixed modulation mode to modulate the synchronization information. For example, the first device fixedly uses OOK or FSK to modulate the synchronization information.

[0189] Exemplarily, one or more of the synchronization sequence, the SIG, the second data and the first control information in the first PPDU can carry second indication information indicating a modulation manner of the synchronization information in the second PPDU. The first device can adopt different modulation manners according to the indication of the first PPDU. For example, the second indication information indicates that the synchronization information in the second PPDU adopts OOK modulation; or the second indication information indicates that the transmission of the first data adopts OOK, and then the synchronization information also adopts OOK modulation, which can avoid the additional complexity required by the first device to support / switch different modulation manners.

[0190] In some embodiments, the synchronization sequence used by the synchronization information is a first sequence pre-configured, or a second sequence related to the first device, or a third sequence related to the third transmission parameter of the first data.

[0191] The synchronization sequence is a first sequence pre-configured, i.e., the synchronization sequence can be a specific sequence agreed by protocol or system or default.

[0192] Optionally, different device IDs can correspond to different sequences, and the first device can determine the related second sequence based on its own device ID, and adopt the second sequence as the synchronization information.

[0193] Optionally, different third transmission parameters can correspond to different sequences, and the first device can select the corresponding sequence as the synchronization information according to the third transmission parameter of the first data. For example, the third transmission parameter can include a modulation manner of the first data, when the first device determines to adopt OOK modulation for the first data in the second PPDU, the synchronization information uses sequence A, and when the first device determines to adopt FSK modulation for the first data in the second PPDU, the synchronization information uses sequence B. The second device can determine the modulation manner of the first data according to the synchronization sequence, so as to demodulate the first data.

[0194] Exemplarily, the third transmission parameter can include one or more of a modulation and coding manner, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource and a transmission manner.

[0195] It should be noted that the third transmission parameter and the first transmission parameter and / or the second transmission parameter can include different types of parameters. For example, the first device can determine the first transmission parameter based on the predefined information or the indication of the first PPDU, the first transmission parameter including a code rate, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, etc. of the first data in the first PPDU, which is aligned and understood by the first device and the second device, and the first device does not need to carry the first transmission parameter in the second PPDU; the first device uses a third sequence corresponding to a specific modulation mode as the synchronization information of the second PPDU to indicate the modulation mode of the first data through the synchronization information (i.e., the third transmission parameter can include the modulation mode); in addition, the first device can also carry the second transmission parameter in the first N bits of the second PPDU, and the second transmission parameter can include the data length. In other words, at least part of the parameters used by the first device to encode and transmit the first data can be determined based on the predefined information and / or the indication of the first PPDU, and / or at least part of the parameters is indicated through the first N bits of the first data, and / or at least part of the parameters is indicated through the synchronization information in the second PPDU.

[0196] In some embodiments, the second PPDU includes second control information; the second control information is used to indicate a fourth transmission parameter of the first data.

[0197] In some embodiments, the second control information is carried by a SIG in the second PPDU.

[0198] For example, the second PPDU can include the SIG and the first data, the SIG carrying the second control information used to indicate the fourth transmission parameter of the first data to facilitate the second device to decode the first data. For another example, the second PPDU can include the synchronization information, the SIG and the first data, the synchronization information being used for synchronization, and the SIG carrying the second control information used to indicate the fourth transmission parameter of the first data to facilitate the second device to decode the first data.

[0199] By setting the special second control information in the second PPDU to indicate the fourth transmission parameter of the first data, the first device can flexibly adjust the transmission of the first data according to the actual number of data bits to be transmitted and the transmission mode, so that the transmission from the first device to the second device is more flexible.

[0200] In some embodiments, the fourth transmission parameter can include one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

[0201] It should be noted that the fourth transmission parameter and one or more of the first transmission parameter, the second transmission parameter, and the third transmission parameter can include different types of parameters. In other words, at least part of the parameters used by the first device to encode and send the first data can be determined based on the predefined information and / or the indication of the first PPDU, and / or at least part of the parameters is indicated by the first N bits of the first data, and / or at least part of the parameters is indicated by the synchronization information in the second PPDU, and / or at least part of the parameters is indicated by the second control information in the second PPDU.

[0202] In actual applications, at least part of the transmission parameters of the first data can be indicated in the first PPDU, and at least part of the transmission parameters of the first data can also be indicated in the second PPDU, and the relationship between the two can have various implementation manners.

[0203] In an implementation manner, the first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate a fifth transmission parameter of the first data; the fifth transmission parameter of the first data is a parameter of a different type from the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU.

[0204] Here, the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU can include one or more of the second transmission parameter indicated by the first N bits of the first data, the third transmission parameter indicated by the synchronization information, and the fourth transmission parameter indicated by the second control information.

[0205] In the above implementation manner, the fifth transmission parameter can be all or part of the first transmission parameter, for example, the first transmission parameter includes a sixth transmission parameter determined based on the predefined information and / or the fifth transmission parameter indicated by the first indication information in the first PPDU. The first device can determine the fifth transmission parameter based on the first indication information in the first PPDU, and autonomously determine other parameters of a type different from the fifth transmission parameter, and encode and send the first data based on the fifth transmission parameter and the other parameters. That is, part of the parameters are indicated in the first PPDU, and the remaining part or all of the parameters are indicated in the second PPDU.

[0206] In another implementation manner, the first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate a fifth transmission parameter of the first data; the fifth transmission parameter of the first data includes a parameter of the same type as the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU, and the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU is used by the second device to decode the first data.

[0207] Here, the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU can include one or more of the second transmission parameter indicated by the first N bits of the first data, the third transmission parameter indicated by the synchronization information, and the fourth transmission parameter indicated by the second control information.

[0208] Exemplarily, the fifth transmission parameter indicated by the first indication information in the first PPDU can comprise first part parameters, wherein the type of the first part parameters is same as the type of all or part of the parameters indicated by the second PPDU, for example, the fifth transmission parameter can comprise a modulation and coding scheme, and the modulation and coding scheme can also be indicated in the second PPDU. In this case, the first device encodes and transmits the first data based on the transmission parameters indicated by the second PPDU, and thus the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are used by the second device to decode the first data, that is, the first device is allowed to select a transmission mode different from the indication of the second device, and informs the second device of the transmission mode actually adopted by the first device through the second PPDU, in other words, the indication of the second PPDU overrides the indication of the first PPDU.

[0209] On this basis, optionally, the fifth transmission parameter can further comprise second part parameters, the type of the second part parameters is different from the type of each parameter indicated by the second PPDU, that is, the type of the fifth transmission parameter and the type of each parameter indicated by the second PPDU are partially same (partially same). The second part parameters can be all or part of the first transmission parameters, for example, the first transmission parameters comprise sixth transmission parameters determined based on the pre-defined information and / or the second part parameters indicated by the first indication information in the first PPDU. The first device can determine the second part parameters based on the first indication information in the first PPDU, and autonomously determine other parameters different from the type of the second part parameters, and encode and transmit the first data based on the second part parameters and the other parameters.

[0210] In some embodiments, the time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to the time length indicated by the first PPDU. Since the transmission of the second PPDU is scheduled by the second device through the first PPDU in the embodiments of the present application, in some scenarios such as A-IoT system, the channel resource can be occupied by the second device for the first device, and by limiting the time length of the second PPDU to be less than or equal to the time length indicated by the first PPDU, it can be ensured that the transmission time length required by the data in the second PPDU does not exceed the channel time length occupied by the second device, thereby avoiding transmission conflict.

[0211] In some embodiments, the time length defined above can be further explained as that the data length of the second PPDU is less than or equal to the data length indicated by the first PPDU. For example, when the modulation mode, code rate and other parameters used for sending the second PPDU are the same as the parameters indicated by the first PPDU, the data length of the second PPDU is less than or equal to the data length indicated by the first PPDU, which can make the time length occupied by sending the second PPDU less than or equal to the time length indicated by the first PPDU. In some scenarios, for example, in A-IoT system, the second device can occupy the channel resource for the first device, by limiting the data length of the second PPDU to be less than or equal to the data length indicated by the first PPDU, it can be ensured that the transmission time length of the data in the second PPDU does not exceed the channel occupation time length of the second device, so as to avoid transmission conflict.

[0212] In some embodiments, the time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to the first value.

[0213] Optionally, the first value can be a pre-configured time length value.

[0214] In actual application, the time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU needs to be greater than or equal to the uplink-downlink switching time of the first device. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an information transmission method of another application example of the present application. As shown in FIG. 11, after the second device (AP) sends the downlink PPDU containing the wideband part and the narrowband part, the STA sends the uplink PPDU (specifically, the PPDU of AMP-UL) after an interval greater than the uplink-downlink switching time T1 of the first device (STA). According to the above embodiment, the time interval between the STA sending the uplink PPDU and receiving the downlink PPDU cannot exceed the first value, so that the channel can be avoided from being detected as empty by other devices and thus being preempted due to the too long interval.

[0215] Optionally, if the uplink-downlink switching time of the first device is too long, for example, greater than the first value, the first device can not be able to send the second PPDU in time, in order to avoid the channel being detected as empty by other devices and thus being preempted, the second device can send a specific signal to occupy the channel within the time window corresponding to the time interval, the specific signal can be any information or any data, or a synchronization sequence (Sync) with synchronization function, or a signal with carrier / supply function, etc.

[0216] For the first device which needs the second device to send a carrier signal (for AMP-UL transmission based on backscatter) or a supply signal (for energy harvesting based on wireless radio frequency energy), the second device needs to continue to send the carrier signal or the supply signal after sending the first PPDU, so as to ensure that the first device has the carrier signal or sufficient energy supply to send the second PPDU.

[0217] In some embodiments, the information transmission method further comprises: determining, by the first device, the frame structure of the second PPDU according to one or more of the following: the scenario, the data type of the data to be transmitted, the data length of the data to be transmitted, and the first PPDU.

[0218] Optionally, the first device can automatically match to different AMP-UL frame structures according to the scenario / data type / length, etc. For example, when the second device requests the first device to initiate a PRACH random access procedure, the PPDU structure containing only the first data is used by default to determine the second PPDU; when the second device requests the first device to reply to the sensor data collected or a large amount of information such as factory, date, personnel, etc. in the product production process, the PPDU structure containing the first data, synchronization information and first control information is used by default to determine the second PPDU.

[0219] Optionally, the second device can indicate the AMP-UL frame structure desired by the second device in the first PPDU, for example, using 1-2 bits to indicate one of the different frame structures, and the first device uses the corresponding frame structure to determine the second PPDU according to the indication information.

[0220] In order to facilitate understanding of the above technical solutions, the following provides several specific examples to illustrate the optional implementation of the frame structure of the second PPDU, taking the first device comprising a STA and the second device comprising an AP as an example. In the following examples, the first PPDU is a downlink PPDU, which can be referred to as an AMP-DL or an AMP-DL PPDU; the second PPDU is an uplink PPDU, which can be referred to as an AMP-UL or an AMP-UL PPDU.

[0221] Example 1:

[0222] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of example 1 of the frame structure of the second PPDU according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 12, the second PPDU, i.e. the AMP-UL, contains only the first data (UL data) to be transmitted by the STA, and does not contain other synchronization or control information, etc.

[0223] If the AMP-UL only supports one modulation and coding mode, a fixed data length, a fixed frequency domain position, and a STA transmission mode (active transmission or reflection scattering), etc., the UL transmission can be performed in this default mode, and no indication is needed in the AMP-DL.

[0224] If there are a small number of data lengths, when the actual transmitted data length is less than the fixed length, zero padding is performed; when the actual transmitted data length is greater than the fixed length, segmentation processing is performed.

[0225] If AMP-UL supports multiple modulation and coding schemes, data length, frequency domain information (if FDM multiplexing is supported), STA transmission mode (active transmission or reflection scattering), etc. (one or several), the modulation and coding scheme and data length of the UL transmission need to be explicitly indicated in the AMP-DL, and the STA must strictly follow the indication information of the AMP DL for transmission.

[0226] The information that needs to be indicated can be indicated by one or more of the following: AMP-Sync sequence in AMP-DL, and / or AMP-SIG, and / or one or more fields in AMP-data (or control). For example, all information is carried by AMP-SIG, or part of the information is carried by AMP-Sync sequence, and part of the information is carried by AMP-SIG.

[0227] In this example, the implementation of AMP-STA is simple. The AP can accurately predict the length of the AMP-UL frame, and can directly decode the AMP-UL frame according to the modulation mode, code rate, etc. indicated by the DL. However, the flexibility of AMP-STA uplink transmission is poor, and must strictly follow the downlink indication information, and the STA cannot transmit Sync for optimizing time-frequency synchronization. Therefore, the frame structure of this example is suitable for the case where the AMP-UL information (length / transmission format) is relatively certain and the information is less. For example, in the inventory scenario, the AP requests the STA to reply to its own ID information through the AMP-DL part, and the length of the ID information is usually certain; for example, in the reply of remote control, the AP sends control information to the STA through the AMP-DL (such as turning on the light switch), and the STA may need to reply ACK information to inform the AP that it has received and completed the corresponding instruction. This example is also friendly to AMP-STA based on backscatter transmission.

[0228] If there are multiple AMP-STA reply cases, the UL resources need to be divided into multiple according to the default rules or the rules in the DL indication information, and each AMP-STA randomly selects or selects according to a specific rule one / multiple resources for AMP-UL transmission. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, multiple resources include Res1-Res9, and the corresponding resource ID (Res ID) is determined according to mod(STA-ID, 9) or the resource ID is randomly determined.

[0229] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 14, a 2nd SIG (second SIG) can be attached before each of the multiple resources (e.g., Res1-Res9 in FIG. 14) to indicate the AMP-STA corresponding to the resource, which is issued by the AP to the STA, and can indicate, for example, the ID information of the STA, and optionally, can contain the dedicated parameters of the uplink transmission of the STA, etc. In this way, the first SIG (first SIG) of the AMP-DL only needs to indicate the common parameters of all scheduled AMP-STA, and the second SIG indicates the specific parameters of each AMP-STA.

[0230] A typical scenario is the PRACH random access process. The AMP-DL information requests the STA to initiate the PRACH random access process, and at the same time, indicates the time-frequency resource information (e.g., the total time length) of the AMP-UL reserved / occupied by the AP, and the length information of each PRACH-preamble, etc. Each AMP-STA can send a PRACH-preamble according to the selection of one of the resources after receiving the PRACH trigger information sent by the AMP-DL.

[0231] Another optional way is that although there is no dedicated indication of the length of the uplink transmission from the physical layer, the length information can be contained in the first few bytes of the UL data. In this way, the AP needs to decode the control information of the UL data part first to determine the length of the UL data. Since this scheme mainly considers the frame structure from the physical layer, this way is also included in Example 1. The difference from the above-mentioned complete AMP-UL indication is that the length of the data sent by the STA does not need to strictly follow the indication information of the AMP-DL, and within the allowed range of the control information indicated by the UL data, the conditional AMP-UL transmission parameters can be appropriately flexibly adjusted.

[0232] Example 2:

[0233] FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of Example 2 of the second PPDU frame structure of the embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 15, the second PPDU, i.e., the AMP-UL, contains the synchronization information (AMP-UL sync) to be transmitted, the control information (AMP-UL SIG), and the first data (AMP-UL data).

[0234] Among them, the UL sync is used to assist the AP and the AMP-STA to perform time-frequency calibration to improve the UL performance. At this time:

[0235] The modulation mode of the UL sync field can be fixed, such as OOK (or FSK), or can be different according to the indication of the DL. For example, if the DL indicates that the subsequent UL data transmission uses OOK, the sync field also uses OOK. In this way, the UL sync field and the SIG use the same transmission mode, avoiding the additional complexity required for STA to support / switch different transmission modes.

[0236] The synchronization sequence used by the UL sync field can be a specific sequence agreed by the protocol, or a sequence related to the STA, such as determined by the ID of the STA, or a sequence determined by the DL indication, such as the synchronization sequence information of the corresponding sync field indicated in the SIG and / or data of the DL.

[0237] The AMP-UL SIG is used to indicate the information required by the AP to decode the AMP-UL data, such as the modulation mode, code rate, data length, etc. Similar to the AMP-UL sync, the data of the SIG field itself can use a fixed modulation mode, or can use different modulation modes according to the indication of the DL. In this structure, the DL and the UL can both contain indication information of the corresponding UL data transmission, and the relationship between them can be:

[0238] Option 1: The DL only reserves resources (such as channel occupation length), and the specific data length, transmission mode, etc. of the UL are determined by the AMP STA device itself, and the transmission mode used by the AP is indicated through the UL sync and / or UL SIG. That is, the DL only contains part of the information, and the UL contains the remaining part of the information or all the information.

[0239] Option 2: The DL reserves resources and indicates the expected UL data length, transmission mode, etc. of the AP. However, it allows the AMP-STA to select a different transmission mode, and notifies the AP of the transmission mode used through the UL sync and / or UL SIG. That is, the DL and the UL both contain all the indication information, but the UL indication information overrides the DL indication information.

[0240] There can be some implicit relationships between the transmission modes indicated by the AMP-UL and the AMP-DL, such as the actual AMP-UL data length should be less than or equal to the data length indicated by the AMP-DL, so as to ensure that the transmission time length of the data does not exceed the channel occupation time length of the AP.

[0241] The example supports the AP to perform UL time-frequency synchronization based on the UL Sync; the UL transmission is more flexible, and the STA can flexibly adjust according to the actual data bit number and transmission mode. However, the UL signaling overhead and energy consumption are large, and even if only a few bits of data are transmitted, a long Sync and SIG domain and other control signaling overheads need to be transmitted. The AP detection complexity is also increased. Therefore, the second PPDU frame structure in the example is suitable for the case where the AMP-UL information supports multiple lengths / transmission formats, such as an AMP-STA for environmental monitoring, which usually embeds one or more types of sensors and judges whether an anomaly occurs in real time according to the data collected by the sensors and sends data / warning information to the AP. It is also suitable for the case where a single downlink triggers multiple uplinks, such as product management of a factory production line, and the AP indicates multiple products to reply related information through a trigger instruction.

[0242] Example 3

[0243] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of example 3 of the second PPDU frame structure according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 16, the second PPDU, i.e., the AMP-UL, includes synchronization information (AMP-UL sync) and first data (AMP-UL data) that need to be transmitted.

[0244] The UL sync field can be implemented by referring to example 2.

[0245] Since the example does not include other UL SIG to indicate UL transmission related information, the following applies:

[0246] If the UL Sync field does not carry the indication / control information of the UL transmission, the AMP-UL data adopts the default or the modulation and coding mode indicated by the AMP-DL, the fixed data length, and the fixed frequency domain position.

[0247] If the UL Sync field can carry a small amount of information through different sync sequences, such as two different synchronization sequences corresponding to OOK modulation and FSK modulation, respectively, the modulation mode of the UL transmission can be transmitted according to the synchronization sequence in the UL Sync field, and other parameters such as the coding mode, the data length, and the like can adopt the default parameters or the parameters indicated by the AMP-DL.

[0248] Example 4

[0249] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of example 4 of the second PPDU frame structure according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 17, the second PPDU, i.e., the AMP-UL, includes control information (AMP-UL SIG) and first data (AMP-UL data).

[0250] The UL SIG field can be implemented with reference to Example 2. The AMP-UL SIG can carry some or all of the information related to the uplink data transmission.

[0251] It can be seen that the embodiments of the present application provide a UL PPDU frame structure for the AMP STA device to send data to the AP. According to the embodiments of the present application, the structure of the AMP-UL part can be flexibly determined in combination with different AMP device types and different possible AMP-DL indication information.

[0252] FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of a first device 1800 according to an embodiment of the present application. The first device 1800 can include:

[0253] The first communication module 1810 is configured to receive a first PPDU from a second device, wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU.

[0254] The first communication module 1810 is further configured to send the second PPDU to the second device, wherein the second PPDU includes first data.

[0255] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 19, the first device 1800 can include a first processing module 1910, which is configured to:

[0256] determine first transmission parameters of the first data based on the predefined information and / or first indication information in the first PPDU.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first transmission parameters of the first data include one or more of a modulation and coding scheme, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission manner.

[0258] In some embodiments, the first indication information is carried by one or more of a synchronization sequence, a SIG, second data, and first control information in the first PPDU.

[0259] In some embodiments, the time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined by the first device according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

[0260] In some embodiments, the first communication module 1810 is further configured to determine the first time-frequency resource according to indication information associated with each time-frequency resource of the plurality of time-frequency resources, and send the second PPDU to the second device at the first time-frequency resource.

[0261] In some embodiments, the first PPDU comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; wherein the first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device; the plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with a plurality of time-frequency resources, each of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted at a position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and each of the second SIGs is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

[0262] In some embodiments, the first N bits in the first data are used to indicate second transmission parameters of the first data, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0263] In some embodiments, the second PPDU comprises synchronization information, and the synchronization information is used for time-frequency calibration between the second device and the first device.

[0264] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 20, the first device 1800 can comprise a second processing module 2010, which is configured to:

[0265] Based on the predefined information and / or the second indication information in the first PPDU, determine a modulation mode of the synchronization information.

[0266] In some embodiments, the synchronization sequence used by the synchronization information is a first sequence pre-configured, a second sequence related to the first device, or a third sequence related to third transmission parameters of the first data.

[0267] In some embodiments, the second PPDU comprises second control information; and the second control information is used to indicate fourth transmission parameters of the first data.

[0268] In some embodiments, the second control information is carried by a SIG in the second PPDU.

[0269] In some embodiments, the fourth transmission parameters of the first data comprise one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

[0270] In some embodiments, the first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate fifth transmission parameters of the first data; and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data are different types of parameters from the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU.

[0271] In some embodiments, the first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate fifth transmission parameters of the first data; and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data contain the same type of parameters as the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU, and the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are used by the second device to decode the first data.

[0272] In some embodiments, a time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to a first value.

[0273] In some embodiments, a time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to a time length indicated by the first PPDU.

[0274] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 21, the first device 1800 can include a third processing module 2110 configured to determine a frame structure of the second PPDU according to one or more of a scenario, a data type of the data to be transmitted, a data length of the data to be transmitted, and the first PPDU.

[0275] The first device 1800 of the embodiments of the present application can realize the corresponding functions of the first device in the foregoing method embodiments. The processes, functions, implementation manners, and beneficial effects of the various modules (sub-modules, units, or components, etc.) in the first device 1800 can be referred to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be described here. It should be noted that the functions described with respect to the various modules (sub-modules, units, or components, etc.) in the first device 1800 of the embodiments of the present application can be realized by different modules (sub-modules, units, or components, etc.), or by the same module (sub-module, unit, or component, etc.).

[0276] FIG. 22 is a schematic block diagram of a second device 2200 according to an embodiment of the present application. The second device 2200 can include:

[0277] A second communication module 2210 configured to send a first PPDU to a first device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU.

[0278] The second communication module 2210 is further configured to receive the second PPDU from the first device; wherein the second PPDU includes first data.

[0279] In some embodiments, a first transmission parameter of the first data is determined based on pre-defined information and / or first indication information in the first PPDU.

[0280] In some embodiments, the first transmission parameter of the first data includes one or more of a modulation and coding scheme, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission manner.

[0281] In some embodiments, the first indication information is carried through one or more of a synchronization sequence, a SIG, second data, and first control information in the first PPDU.

[0282] In some embodiments, a time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

[0283] In some embodiments, the time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to the indication information associated with each of the plurality of time-frequency resources.

[0284] In some embodiments, the first PPDU comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; wherein the first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device; the plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted at a position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and each of the plurality of second SIGs is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

[0285] In some embodiments, the first data comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; wherein the first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device; the plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted at a position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and each of the plurality of second SIGs is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

[0286] In some embodiments, the second PPDU comprises synchronization information, and the synchronization information is used for time-frequency calibration between the second device and the first device.

[0287] In some embodiments, a modulation mode of the synchronization information is determined based on pre-defined information and / or second indication information in the first PPDU.

[0288] In some embodiments, a synchronization sequence used by the synchronization information is a first pre-configured sequence, a second sequence related to the first device, or a third sequence related to third transmission parameters of the first data.

[0289] In some embodiments, the second PPDU comprises second control information; and the second control information is used to indicate fourth transmission parameters of the first data.

[0290] In some embodiments, the second control information is carried by a SIG in the second PPDU.

[0291] In some embodiments, the fourth transmission parameters of the first data comprise one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

[0292] In some embodiments, the first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate fifth transmission parameters of the first data; and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data are different types of parameters from the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU.

[0293] In some embodiments, the first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate fifth transmission parameters of the first data; and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data contain the same type of parameters as the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU, and the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are used by the second device to decode the first data.

[0294] In some embodiments, a time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to a first value.

[0295] In some embodiments, a time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to a time length indicated by the first PPDU.

[0296] In some embodiments, a frame structure of the second PPDU is determined based on one or more of a scenario, a data type of data to be transmitted, a data length of the data to be transmitted, and the first PPDU.

[0297] The second device 2200 of the embodiments of the present application can realize the corresponding functions of the second device in the method embodiments described above. The processes, functions, implementation manners, and beneficial effects of the respective modules (sub-modules, units, or components, etc.) in the second device 2200 can be referred to the corresponding descriptions in the method embodiments described above, which will not be described here again. It should be noted that the functions described with respect to the respective modules (sub-modules, units, or components, etc.) in the second device 2200 of the embodiments of the present application can be realized by different modules (sub-modules, units, or components, etc.), or can be realized by the same module (sub-module, unit, or component, etc.).

[0298] FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 2300 according to the embodiments of the present application. The communication device 2300 includes a processor 2310, which can call and run a computer program from a memory to enable the communication device 2300 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0299] In an implementation manner, the communication device 2300 can further include a memory 2320. The processor 2310 can call and run a computer program from the memory 2320 to enable the communication device 2300 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0300] The memory 2320 can be a separate device independent of the processor 2310, or can be integrated in the processor 2310.

[0301] In an implementation manner, the communication device 2300 can further include a transceiver 2330, and the processor 2310 can control the transceiver 2330 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to send information or data to other devices, or to receive information or data sent by other devices.

[0302] The transceiver 2330 can include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 2330 can further include an antenna, and the number of antennas can be one or more.

[0303] In an embodiment, the communication device 2300 can be a first device of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication device 2300 can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not described herein.

[0304] In an embodiment, the communication device 2300 can be a second device of the embodiments of the present application, and the communication device 2300 can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not described herein.

[0305] FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip 2400 according to an embodiment of the present application. The chip 2400 includes a processor 2410, which can invoke and run a computer program from a memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.

[0306] In an embodiment, the chip 2400 can further include a memory 2420. The processor 2410 can invoke and run a computer program from the memory 2420 to implement the methods performed by the first device or the second device in the embodiments of the present application.

[0307] The memory 2420 can be a separate device independent of the processor 2410, or can be integrated in the processor 2410.

[0308] In an embodiment, the chip 2400 can further include an input interface 2430. The processor 2410 can control the input interface 2430 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, can obtain information or data sent by other devices or chips.

[0309] In an embodiment, the chip 2400 can further include an output interface 2440. The processor 2410 can control the output interface 2440 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, can output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0310] In an embodiment, the chip can be applied to the first device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the first device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not described herein.

[0311] In an embodiment, the chip can be applied to the second device in the embodiments of the present application, and the chip can implement the corresponding procedures implemented by the second device in the various methods of the embodiments of the present application. For brevity, details are not described herein.

[0312] The chip applied to the first device and the second device can be the same chip or different chips.

[0313] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be referred to as a system chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system on chip, etc.

[0314] The processor mentioned above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Among them, the general-purpose processor mentioned above can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0315] The memory mentioned above can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM) or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM).

[0316] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memory is an example but not a limiting description, for example, the memory in the embodiments of the present application can also be a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), a double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), an enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), a synch link DRAM (SLDRAM) and a direct memory bus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM), etc. That is, the memory in the embodiments of the present application is intended to include but not limited to these and any other suitable type of memory.

[0317] FIG. 25 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 2500 according to embodiments of the present application. The communication system 2500 includes a first device 2510 and a second device 2520. The second device 2520 is configured to transmit a first PPDU to the first device, the first PPDU being configured to indicate the first device to transmit a second PPDU. The first device 2510 is configured to receive the first PPDU from the second device and transmit the second PPDU to the second device, wherein the second PPDU comprises first data. The second device 2520 is further configured to receive the second PPDU from the first device.

[0318] The first device 2510 can be configured to implement the corresponding function of the first device in the above-described method, and the second device 2520 can be configured to implement the corresponding function of the second device in the above-described method. For brevity, details are not repeated here.

[0319] In the above embodiments, all or some of the processes can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or some of the processes can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed by a computer, the computer instructions cause the computer to perform all or some of the processes in accordance with embodiments of the present application. The computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatuses. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) manner. The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, solid state disk (SSD)) and the like.

[0320] It should be understood that the size of the sequence number of each process described above in various embodiments of the present application does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0321] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand the specific working process of the system, device and unit described above for the convenience and brevity of description, which can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0322] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for information transmission, comprising: receiving, by a first device, a first physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) from a second device, wherein the first PPDU is used to indicate the first device to transmit a second PPDU; transmitting, by the first device, the second PPDU to the second device, wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: determining, by the first device, first transmission parameters of the first data based on predefined information and / or first indication information in the first PPDU.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The first transmission parameters of the first data comprise one or more of modulation and coding scheme, code rate, data length, time domain resource, frequency domain resource and transmission manner.

4. The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein, The first indication information is carried by one or more of a synchronization sequence, a signal field (SIG), second data and first control information in the first PPDU.

5. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined by the first device according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

6. The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The first device transmits the second PPDU to the second device, comprising: determining, by the first device, a first time-frequency resource according to indication information associated with each time-frequency resource of the plurality of time-frequency resources, and transmitting the second PPDU to the second device in the first time-frequency resource.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The first PPDU comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; The first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device. The plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted in a position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and the second SIG is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein, The first data comprises a first number of bits, wherein the first number of bits is used to indicate second transmission parameters of the first data, and the first number of bits is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein, The second PPDU comprises synchronization information, and the synchronization information is used for time-frequency calibration between the second device and the first device.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein, The method further comprises: determining, by the first device, a modulation manner of the synchronization information based on predefined information and / or second indication information in the first PPDU.

11. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein, The synchronization sequence used by the synchronization information is a first sequence pre-configured, a second sequence related to the first device, or a third sequence related to third transmission parameters of the first data.

12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein, The second PPDU comprises second control information, and the second control information is used to indicate fourth transmission parameters of the first data.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein, The second control information is carried by a SIG in the second PPDU.

14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein, The fourth transmission parameters of the first data comprise one or more of modulation and coding scheme, code rate, data length, time domain resource, frequency domain resource and transmission manner.

15. The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate fifth transmission parameters of the first data, and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data are different from the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU.

16. The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate fifth transmission parameters of the first data; the fifth transmission parameters of the first data are the same type of parameters as the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU, and the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are used by the second device to decode the first data.

17. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein, The time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to a first value.

18. The method of any one of claims 1-17, wherein, The time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to the time length indicated by the first PPDU.

19. The method of any one of claims 1-18, wherein, The method further comprises: The first device determines the frame structure of the second PPDU according to one or more of the following: a scene, a data type of the data to be transmitted, a data length of the data to be transmitted, and the first PPDU.

20. An information transmission method, comprising: The second device sends a first PPDU to the first device; wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU; The second device receives the second PPDU from the first device; wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The first transmission parameters of the first data are determined based on predefined information and / or first indication information in the first PPDU.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The first transmission parameters of the first data include one or more of the following: modulation and coding scheme, code rate, data length, time domain resource, frequency domain resource, and transmission mode.

23. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein, The first indication information is carried by one or more of the following in the first PPDU: synchronization sequence, SIG, second data, and first control information.

24. The method of any one of claims 20-23, wherein, The time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

25. The method of any one of claims 20-23, wherein, The time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to the indication information associated with each time-frequency resource in the plurality of time-frequency resources.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein, The first PPDU comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; The first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device. The plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each second SIG in the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted at a position associated with its associated time-frequency resource, and the each second SIG is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to its associated time-frequency resource.

27. 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first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a 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and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data, and the first data comprises a first data 28. The method of any one of claims 20-27, wherein, ​ 29. The method of claim 28, wherein, ​ 30. The method of claim 28 or 29, wherein, ​ 31. The method of any one of claims 20-30, wherein, ​ 32. The method of claim 31, wherein, ​ 33. The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein, The fourth transmission parameter of the first data comprises one or more of a modulation and coding scheme, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission manner.

34. The method of any one of claims 20-33, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate a fifth transmission parameter of the first data; and the fifth transmission parameter of the first data and the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are parameters of different types.

35. The method of any one of claims 20-33, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate a fifth transmission parameter of the first data; and the fifth transmission parameter of the first data and the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are parameters of the same type, and the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU is used by the second device to decode the first data.

36. The method of any one of claims 20-35, wherein, A time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to a first value.

37. The method of any one of claims 20-36, wherein, A time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to a time length indicated by the first PPDU.

38. The method of any one of claims 20-37, wherein, A frame structure of the second PPDU is determined based on one or more of a scenario, a data type of data to be transmitted, a data length of the data to be transmitted, and the first PPDU. 39.A first device, comprising: a first communication module configured to receive a first PPDU from a second device, wherein the first PPDU is used to instruct the first device to send a second PPDU; the first communication module is further configured to send the second PPDU to the second device, wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

40. The first device of claim 39, wherein, The first device comprises a first processing module configured to: determine a first transmission parameter of the first data based on pre-defined information and / or first indication information in the first PPDU.

41. The first device of claim 40, wherein, The first transmission parameter of the first data comprises one or more of a modulation and coding scheme, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission manner.

42. The first device of claim 40 or 41, wherein, The first indication information is carried by one or more of a synchronization sequence, a SIG, second data, and first control information in the first PPDU.

43. The first device of any of claims 39-42, wherein, A time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined by the first device according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

44. The first device of any one of claims 39-42, wherein, The first communication module is further configured to: determine a first time-frequency resource according to indication information associated with each time-frequency resource of the plurality of time-frequency resources, and send the second PPDU to the second device in the first time-frequency resource.

45. The first device of claim 44, wherein, The first PPDU comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs; The first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device. The plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each second SIG of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted at a position associated with a time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and the each second SIG is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

46. The first device of any of claims 39-45, wherein, A first N bits of the first data are used to indicate a second transmission parameter of the first data, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

47. The first device of any of claims 39-46, wherein, The second PPDU comprises synchronization information, and the synchronization information is used for time-frequency calibration between the second device and the first device.

48. The first device of claim 47, wherein, The first device comprises a second processing module, which is configured to: determine a modulation mode of the synchronization information based on predefined information and / or second indication information in the first PPDU.

49. The first device of claim 47 or 48, wherein, The synchronization sequence used by the synchronization information is a first preconfigured sequence, a second sequence related to the first device, or a third sequence related to third transmission parameters of the first data.

50. The first device of any one of claims 39-49, wherein, The second PPDU comprises second control information, and the second control information is used for indicating fourth transmission parameters of the first data.

51. The first device of claim 50, wherein, The second control information is carried by SIG in the second PPDU.

52. The first device of claim 50 or 51, wherein, The fourth transmission parameters of the first data comprise one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

53. The first device of any of claims 39-52, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used for indicating fifth transmission parameters of the first data, and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data are different types of parameters from the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU.

54. The first device of any one of claims 39-52, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used for indicating fifth transmission parameters of the first data, and the fifth transmission parameters of the first data contain the same types of parameters as the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU, and the transmission parameters of the first data indicated by the second PPDU are used for the second device to decode the first data.

55. The first device of any one of claims 39-54, wherein, A time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to a first value.

56. The first device of any one of claims 39-55, wherein, A time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to a time length indicated by the first PPDU.

57. The first device of any of claims 39-56, wherein, The first device comprises a third processing module, which is configured to: determine a frame structure of the second PPDU according to one or more of a scenario, a data type of to-be-transmitted data, a data length of to-be-transmitted data, and the first PPDU. 58.A second device, comprising: a second communication module configured to send a first PPDU to a first device, wherein the first PPDU is used for instructing the first device to send a second PPDU; the second communication module is further configured to receive the second PPDU from the first device, wherein the second PPDU comprises first data.

59. The second device of claim 58, wherein, First transmission parameters of the first data are determined based on predefined information and / or first indication information in the first PPDU.

60. The second device of claim 59, wherein, The first transmission parameters of the first data comprise one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

61. The second device of claim 58 or 59, wherein, The first indication information is carried by one or more of a synchronization sequence, SIG, second data, and first control information in the first PPDU.

62. The second device of any of claims 58-61, wherein, A time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to a predetermined rule or randomly selected from a plurality of time-frequency resources.

63. The second device of any of claims 58-61, wherein, The time-frequency resource of the second PPDU is determined according to indication information associated with each time-frequency resource in a plurality of time-frequency resources.

64. The second device of claim 63, wherein, The first PPDU comprises a first SIG and a plurality of second SIGs. The first SIG is used to indicate common parameters of a plurality of devices scheduled by the second device. The plurality of second SIGs are respectively associated with the plurality of time-frequency resources, each of the plurality of second SIGs is transmitted at a position associated with the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG, and the second SIG is used to indicate identification information of a device corresponding to the time-frequency resource associated with the second SIG.

65. The second device of any of claims 58-64, wherein, The first data comprises a first bit and a second bit, the first bit is used to indicate a second transmission parameter of the first data, and the second bit is used to indicate a third transmission parameter of the first data.

66. The second device of any of claims 58-65, wherein, The second PPDU comprises synchronization information, and the synchronization information is used for time-frequency calibration between the second device and the first device.

67. The second device of claim 66, wherein, A modulation mode of the synchronization information is determined based on pre-defined information and / or second indication information in the first PPDU.

68. The second device of claim 66 or 67, wherein, A synchronization sequence used by the synchronization information is a first pre-configured sequence, a second sequence related to the first device, or a third sequence related to the third transmission parameter of the first data.

69. The second device of any of claims 58-68, wherein, The second PPDU comprises second control information, and the second control information is used to indicate a fourth transmission parameter of the first data.

70. The second device of claim 69, wherein, The second control information is carried by a SIG in the second PPDU.

71. The second device of claim 69 or 70, wherein, The fourth transmission parameter of the first data comprises one or more of a modulation and coding mode, a code rate, a data length, a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, and a transmission mode.

72. The second device of any of claims 58-71, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate a fifth transmission parameter of the first data, and the fifth transmission parameter of the first data is a parameter of a different type from the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU.

73. The second device of any of claims 58-71, wherein, The first indication information in the first PPDU is used to indicate a fifth transmission parameter of the first data, and the fifth transmission parameter of the first data comprises a parameter of a same type as the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU, and the transmission parameter of the first data indicated by the second PPDU is used for the second device to decode the first data.

74. The second device of any of claims 58-73, wherein, A time interval between the second PPDU and the first PPDU is less than or equal to a first value.

75. The second device of any of claims 58-74, wherein, A time length occupied by the second PPDU is less than or equal to a time length indicated by the first PPDU.

76. The second device of any of claims 58-75, wherein, A frame structure of the second PPDU is determined based on one or more of a scenario, a data type of to-be-transmitted data, a data length of to-be-transmitted data, and the first PPDU.

77. A first device comprising: A transceiver, a processor, and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, the transceiver is used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to invoke and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the first device performs the method in any one of claims 1 to 19.

78. A second device comprising: A transceiver, a processor, and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, the transceiver is used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to invoke and run the computer program stored in the memory, so that the second device performs the method in any one of claims 20 to 38.

79. A chip comprising: a processor configured to call and run a computer program from a memory such that a device in which the chip is installed performs the method of any one of claims 1 to 19.

80. A chip comprising: a processor configured to call and run a computer program from a memory such that a device in which the chip is installed performs the method of any one of claims 20 to 38.

81. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when run by a device, causes the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 19.

82. A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when run by a device, causes the device to perform the method of any one of claims 20 to 38.

83. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions which cause a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 19.

84. A computer program product comprising computer program instructions which cause a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 20 to 38.

85. A computer program which causes a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 19.

86. A computer program which causes a computer to perform the method of any one of claims 20 to 38.

87. A communication system comprising: a first device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 19; and a second device configured to perform the method of any one of claims 20 to 38.

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