Bridge deck component turn-over machine

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a bridge deck component turn-over machine, comprising a gantry, a trolley capable of longitudinally traveling on the top of the gantry, and a turn-over mechanism arranged below the trolley and configured to drive a bridge deck component to turn over. The turn-over mechanism comprises two transverse lifting beams parallel to each other, a horizontal frame arranged between the two lifting beams, and locking mechanisms arranged on two sides of the frame and configured to grip the bridge deck component. A winch configured to drive the lifting beams to move vertically is provided on the trolley. The two lifting beams are respectively rotatably connected to corresponding sides of the frame, the rotational axis of the frame is the horizontal direction, and the lifting beams are provided with gearmotors configured to drive the frame to rotate. After the bridge deck component is gripped, the demolding and turn-over of the bridge deck component can be implemented in one step, without the need for secondary gripping and turn-over, thereby enhancing the safety and significantly improving the turn-over efficiency.

Description

Bridge deck component turnover machine TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of concrete component production machinery, in particular to a bridge deck component turnover machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] The bridge deck component is an important component of fabricated building, and is a reinforced concrete prefabricated slab for building railway bridges. Based on the demand for green railway construction, in order to reduce the amount of cast-in-place concrete of high-speed railway simple supported beam, facilitate the installation of sound barriers and side walls, etc.

[0003] At present, the fixed mold type production is generally used in the bridge deck component factory, and the component needs to be turned over after demolding. The traditional turnover method is to overturn by crane hoisting, and each time can only turn over 90°, so two times of turnover are needed to realize the turnover of the bridge deck component (180° turnover), which can easily cause damage to the appearance of the component, and the safety and efficiency are not high. TECHNICAL PROBLEM

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a bridge deck component turnover machine to solve the problem of low safety and efficiency during the turnover of the bridge deck component. TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is:

[0006] A bridge deck component turnover machine, comprising a gantry, a travelling crane capable of longitudinally traveling on the top of the gantry, and a turnover mechanism arranged below the travelling crane for driving the turnover of the bridge deck component; the turnover mechanism comprises two mutually parallel transverse lifting beams, a horizontal square frame arranged between the two lifting beams, and a locking mechanism arranged on both sides of the square frame for clamping the bridge deck component, the travelling crane is provided with a winch for driving the lifting beams to move up and down, the two lifting beams are respectively rotatably connected to one side of the square frame corresponding to the lifting beams, the rotation axis of the square frame is horizontal, and the lifting beams are provided with a reduction motor for driving the rotation of the square frame.

[0007] Further, the square frame comprises two mutually parallel first edge beams and two mutually parallel second edge beams, the two first edge beams and the two second edge beams are fixedly connected to each other to form a rectangle, the first edge beams are parallel to the lifting beams, the first edge beams are respectively rotatably connected to the corresponding lifting beams, and the second edge beams are perpendicular to the first edge beams.

[0008] Further, the locking mechanism comprises a second hydraulic cylinder fixedly connected with the outer side of the second side beam, a sliding sleeve fixedly connected with the inner end of the second side beam, and a second bolt slidingly connected in the sliding sleeve, the second bolt is fixedly connected with the second hydraulic cylinder, when the second hydraulic cylinder operates, the second bolt extends out of or retracts into the sliding sleeve, after the second bolt extends out of the sliding sleeve, the second bolt is inserted into the corresponding hole on the side of the bridge deck system component.

[0009] Further, the hoist drives the lifting beam to move up and down through a steel wire rope, a buffer mechanism is connected between the steel wire rope and the lifting beam, the buffer mechanism comprises a sleeve with a bottom blocked vertically, the sleeve is filled with hydraulic oil, a sliding block slidingly connected in the sleeve, a pull rod penetratingly and slidingly connected with the bottom of the sleeve, and a blocking cover fixedly connected with the top of the sleeve, the pull rod is in sealing cooperation with the sleeve, the sliding block is provided with a vertical oil passing hole, the two parts above and below the oil passing hole in the sleeve are communicated, the upper end of the pull rod is fixedly connected with the sliding block, the lower end of the pull rod is connected with the lifting beam, and the blocking cover is connected with the steel wire rope.

[0010] Further, the inner wall of the lower part of the sleeve is an inner conical surface in the radial direction, the lower part of the sliding block is an outer conical surface corresponding to the shape of the lower part of the sleeve, and the lower end of the oil passing hole is located on the outer conical surface.

[0011] Further, a guiding and positioning mechanism is further arranged between the travelling crane and the lifting beam, the guiding and positioning mechanism comprises a positioning frame fixedly connected with the lower part of the travelling crane, a vertical guiding pipe fixedly arranged on the positioning frame, and a vertical stand fixedly arranged on the upper part of the lifting beam, the stand is located below the guiding pipe, and the stand is coaxial with the guiding pipe.

[0012] Further, a flared pipe is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the guiding pipe, and the top of the stand is conical.

[0013] Further, a first bolt is slidingly connected with the upper part of the positioning frame in the transverse direction, the first bolt is located beside the guiding pipe, the guiding pipe is provided with a first insertion hole at a position corresponding to the first bolt, the positioning frame is provided with a rotating plate near the middle part, the middle part of the rotating plate is rotationally connected with the positioning frame, a connecting rod is arranged between the rotating plate and the first bolt, the two ends of the connecting rod are hingedly connected with the first bolt and the edge of the rotating plate respectively, and a first hydraulic cylinder for driving the rotating plate to rotate is further arranged on the positioning frame; the upper part of the stand is provided with a second insertion hole, under the driving of the hoist, the stand enters the guiding pipe upwardly, when the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole are aligned, the first hydraulic cylinder operates to drive the first bolt to insert into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole through the connecting rod. Beneficial effects

[0014] 1. The invention comprises a portal frame, a travelling crane and a turnover mechanism arranged below the travelling crane for driving the turnover of the bridge system component, the turnover mechanism can realize the stripping and turnover of the bridge system component at one time after clamping the bridge system component, and secondary clamping and turnover are not needed, thus improving the safety and greatly improving the turnover efficiency. Since the stripping and turnover of 180° can be continuously completed after one-time grabbing of the bridge system component, the damage to the bridge system component caused by multiple grabbing and multiple overturning is avoided. The locking mechanism comprises a second hydraulic cylinder and a second bolt, the second hydraulic cylinder drives the second bolt to be inserted into the side surface of the bridge system component, so as to realize the reliable clamping of the bridge system component.

[0015] 2. The buffer mechanism is connected between the steel wire rope and the lifting beam, the buffer mechanism is provided with a sliding block and a sleeve, the lower part of the sliding block is an outer conical surface, the inner wall of the lower part of the sleeve is an inner conical surface, when the outer conical surface of the lower part of the sliding block approaches the outer conical surface of the lower part of the sleeve, the distance between the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface gradually reduces, so that the resistance of the hydraulic oil flowing between the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface gradually increases, and then the tension of the steel wire rope gradually increases, so that the gravity of the bridge system component and the turnover mechanism as a whole is gradually applied to the steel wire rope from small to large, the tension of the steel wire rope during hoisting is reduced, and the service life of the steel wire rope and the winch is prolonged. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Fig. 1 is a side view of the invention;

[0017] Fig. 2 is a left view of Fig. 1;

[0018] Fig. 3 is a top view of Fig. 1;

[0019] Fig. 4 is a side view of the guide positioning mechanism;

[0020] Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of part I in Fig. 4;

[0021] Fig. 6 is a top view of the turnover mechanism;

[0022] Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of part II in Fig. 6;

[0023] Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the buffer mechanism;

[0024] Fig. 9 is a sectional view of part A-A in Fig. 8;

[0025] Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the buffer mechanism;

[0026] 1 gantry; 2 winch; 3 trolley; 4 track; 5 guide positioning mechanism; 6 turnover mechanism; 7 steel wire rope; 8 guide pipe; 9 stand; 10 positioning frame; 11 trumpet pipe; 12 lifting beam; 13 first side beam; 14 second side beam; 15 locking mechanism; 16 speed reducer; 17 connecting rod; 18 rotating plate; 19 first hydraulic cylinder; 20 first bolt; 21 bridge system component; 22 second hydraulic cylinder; 23 sliding sleeve; 24 second bolt; 25 lifting ring; 26 plug; 27 sliding block; 28 oil passage; 29 sleeve; 30 pull rod; 31 spring. Best mode of the present application

[0027] For the convenience of description, in the following description, the direction consistent with the length direction of the track 4 is "longitudinal", and the direction perpendicular to the track 4 in the horizontal plane is "transverse". Embodiment

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 1-7, a bridge system component turnover machine comprises a gantry 1, the top of which is fixedly provided with two mutually parallel longitudinal tracks 4, and a trolley 3 is arranged on the two tracks 4 and can longitudinally travel on the tracks 4. The trolley is driven by a driving device to rotate the track wheels, so as to longitudinally travel on the tracks 4. The driving device is the same as the driving device for driving the longitudinal travel of the trolley beam of the existing trolley, and will not be described here again.

[0029] A turnover mechanism 6 for driving the turnover of the bridge system component 21 is arranged below the trolley 3, and the turnover mechanism 6 comprises two mutually parallel transverse lifting beams 12, a horizontal square frame arranged between the two lifting beams 12, and eight locking mechanisms 15 arranged on both sides of the square frame for clamping the bridge system component 21. A winch 2 is arranged on the trolley 3, and the winch 2 comprises a driving motor and two winding drums arranged on both sides of the driving motor. The two winding drums are in driving connection with the driving motor, and the driving motor rotates to drive the two winding drums to synchronously rotate. Two steel wire ropes 7 are wound around each winding drum, and there are four steel wire ropes 7 in total on the two winding drums. The four steel wire ropes 7 are respectively wound around the corresponding pulleys arranged on the trolley 3 and then fixed to the two ends of the corresponding lifting beam 12. When the driving motor rotates, the four steel wire ropes 7 synchronously pull the two lifting beams 12 to move up and down.

[0030] The two lifting beams 12 are respectively rotationally connected to the middle of the corresponding side of the square frame, the rotation axis of the square frame is longitudinal, and a speed reducer 16 for driving the rotation of the square frame is fixedly arranged on the lifting beam 12.

[0031] The frame comprises two mutually parallel transverse first side beams 13 and two mutually parallel longitudinal second side beams 14 arranged between the two first side beams 13, the two first side beams 13 and the two second side beams 14 are fixedly connected to each other to form a rectangle, the first side beams 13 are parallel to the lifting beams 12, the middle portions of the two first side beams 13 are rotatably connected to the middle portions of the corresponding lifting beams 12 respectively, and one of the first side beams 13 is fixedly provided with a driven gear on the outside, the output shaft of the speed reducer motor 16 is provided with a driving gear engaged with the driven gear, and the speed reducer motor 16 drives the frame to rotate when operating.

[0032] Each locking mechanism 15 comprises a second hydraulic cylinder 22 fixedly connected to the outside of the corresponding second side beam 14 perpendicularly, a sliding sleeve 23 fixedly connected to the inner end of the second side beam 14 perpendicularly, and a second bolt 24 slidingly connected in the sliding sleeve 23, the second bolt 24 is coaxial with the push rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 22, the outer end of the second bolt 24 is fixedly connected with the second hydraulic cylinder 22 by screwing, and the second bolt 24 extends out of or retracts into the sliding sleeve 23 when the second hydraulic cylinder 22 operates, and after the second bolt 24 extends out of the sliding sleeve 23, the second bolt 24 is inserted into the corresponding hole on the side of the bridge system component 21.

[0033] The working process of the present application is as follows:

[0034] 1. The crane 3 moves longitudinally to drive the turnover mechanism 6 to operate above the mold, and then the crane 3 stops moving.

[0035] 2. The hoist 2 operates to move the turnover mechanism 6 downward, and the bridge system component 21 to be demolded on the mold enters the frame, and the hoist 2 stops operating.

[0036] 3. When the eight locking mechanisms 15 operate simultaneously, the corresponding eight second bolts 24 are respectively inserted into the corresponding holes on the bridge system component 21 in the frame, thereby clamping the bridge system component 21.

[0037] 4. The hoist 2 operates while pulling the four steel wires 7, thereby driving the two lifting beams 12 to move upward synchronously to pull out the bridge system component 21 from the mold to realize demolding, and then continue to rise while the crane 3 moves longitudinally to move the bridge system component 21 away from the mold.

[0038] 5. The speed reducer motor 16 operates to drive the frame to overturn by 180 degrees, thereby overturning the bridge system component 21 by 180 degrees, and then the hoist 2 operates to lower the bridge system component 21 after overturning.

[0039] The present application can realize the demolding and overturning of the bridge system component 21 at one time after clamping the bridge system component 21, without the need for secondary clamping and overturning, thereby improving the safety and greatly improving the overturning efficiency.

[0040] In addition, since the demolding and the 180° turning action can be continuously completed after the bridge deck system component 21 is once grabbed, the damage to the bridge deck system component 21 caused by multiple grabbing and multiple turning actions is avoided. Embodiments of the present application Embodiments

[0041] As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a buffer mechanism is connected between the lower end of the steel wire rope 7 and the lifting beam 12, the buffer mechanism comprises a vertical bottom-sealed cylindrical sleeve 29, a cylindrical sliding block 27 slidingly connected in the sleeve 29, a pull rod 30 penetratingly and slidingly connected with the bottom of the sleeve 29, and a plug cover 26 fixedly connected with the top of the sleeve 29 by screwing, the pull rod 30 is sealingly matched with the sleeve 29 by a sealing ring, a vertical oil passing hole 28 is arranged on the sliding block 27, the inside of the sleeve 29 is communicated between the upper and lower parts of the oil passing hole 28, the upper end of the pull rod 30 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 27, the lower end of the pull rod 30 is connected with the lifting beam 12, and the plug cover 26 is connected with the steel wire rope 7. The plug cover 26 and the lower end of the pull rod 30 are both fixedly connected with a pull ring 25, and the two pull rings 25 are respectively connected with the steel wire rope 7 and the lifting beam 12.

[0042] The sleeve 29 is filled with hydraulic oil, when the steel wire rope 7 is lifted upward, the plug cover 26 and the sleeve 29 are pulled upward, the spring 31 is compressed, the hydraulic cylinder below the sliding block 29 flows to the upper part of the sliding block 29 through the oil passing hole 28, the oil passing hole 28 generates resistance, so that the gravity of the bridge deck system component 21 and the turning mechanism 6 as a whole will not be suddenly applied to the steel wire rope 7, thereby prolonging the service life of the steel wire rope 7 and the winch 2, avoiding the risk of the steel wire rope 7 being suddenly pulled off (for example, the steel wire rope 7 is directly pulled to the turning mechanism 6, due to the inertia of the turning mechanism 6 and the bridge deck system component 21, the pulling force on the steel wire rope 7 in the instant of lifting is very large, and the steel wire rope 7 has the risk of being pulled off after long-term use), and improving the safety in work.

[0043] The inner wall of the lower part of the sleeve 29 is an inner conical surface in the direction of large radius, the lower part of the sliding block 27 is an outer conical surface corresponding to the shape of the lower part of the sleeve 29, and the lower end of the oil passing hole 28 is located on the outer conical surface.

[0044] When the outer conical surface of the lower part of the sliding block 27 approaches the outer conical surface of the lower part of the sleeve 29, the distance between the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface gradually decreases, so that the resistance of the hydraulic oil flowing between the outer conical surface and the inner conical surface gradually increases, and then the pulling force on the steel wire rope 7 gradually increases, so that the gravity of the bridge deck system component 21 and the turning mechanism 6 as a whole is gradually applied to the steel wire rope 7 from small to large, and the pulling force on the steel wire rope 7 during lifting is reduced. Embodiments

[0045] The guiding and positioning mechanism 5 is arranged between the travelling crane 3 and the lifting beams 12, and comprises a positioning frame 10 fixedly connected below the travelling crane 3, four vertical guiding pipes 8 fixedly arranged on the positioning frame 10, and four vertical columns 9 correspondingly fixedly arranged above the two lifting beams 12. The columns 9 on each lifting beam 12 are two, and the columns 9 correspond to the guiding pipes 8 one by one. The four columns 9 are respectively below the corresponding guiding pipes 8, and the columns 9 are coaxial with the corresponding guiding pipes 8.

[0046] The bottom of the guiding pipe 8 is fixedly provided with a flared pipe 11, and the top of the column 9 is conical, so that the column 9 is conveniently inserted into the corresponding guiding pipe 8.

[0047] The positioning frame 10 is slidably connected with four transverse first pins 20 on the top, and the four first pins 20 are respectively beside the corresponding guiding pipes 8. Each guiding pipe 8 is provided with a first insertion hole at a position corresponding to the first pin 20. The positioning frame 10 is provided with two rotating plates 18 near the middle portion, and the two rotating plates 18 are respectively above the corresponding lifting beams 12. The middle portion of each rotating plate 18 is rotatably connected with the positioning frame 10. A connecting rod 17 is arranged between the rotating plate 18 and the two first pins 20 above the corresponding lifting beam 12. The two ends of the connecting rod 17 are respectively hingedly connected with the first pin 20 and the edge of the rotating plate 18. The positioning frame 10 is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder 19 beside each rotating plate 18. One end of the first hydraulic cylinder 19 is hingedly connected with the positioning frame 10, and the other end is hingedly connected with the corresponding rotating plate 18 near the edge.

[0048] The upper portion of the column 9 is provided with a second insertion hole. Under the driving of the winch 2, the column 9 enters the guiding pipe 8 upward. When the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole are aligned, the first hydraulic cylinder 19 acts to drive the first pin 20 through the connecting rod 17, so that the first pin 20 is inserted into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole, thereby playing a positioning role and ensuring the overall stability when the lower turnover mechanism 6 works.

[0049] The above-described embodiment describes the content in more detail and concretely, expresses the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is only used for explaining the technical idea and characteristics of the present application, and its purpose is to enable the person skilled in the art to understand the content of the present application and to implement it, but is not limited to the present application, and the patent range of the present application cannot be limited to the present embodiment. Any equivalent change or modification made according to the spirit disclosed by the present application, without departing from the structure of the present application, the local improvement of the system and the change between the subsystems, and the transformation, etc., are still within the patent range of the present application.

Claims

1. A bridge deck assembly inverting machine characterized by, The crane (3) is provided with a winch (2) for driving the lifting beam (12) to move up and down, a buffer mechanism is connected between the steel wire rope (7) and the lifting beam (12), the buffer mechanism comprises a sleeve (29) with a bottom blocked vertically and filled with hydraulic oil in the inside, a sliding block (27) slidingly connected in the sleeve (29), a pull rod (30) penetratingly and slidingly connected with the bottom of the sleeve (29), and a plug cover (26) fixedly connected with the top of the sleeve (29), the pull rod (30) is in sealing cooperation with the sleeve (29), the sliding block (27) is provided with a vertical oil passing hole (28), two parts of the inside of the sleeve (29) above and below the oil passing hole (28) are communicated, the upper end of the pull rod (30) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (27), the lower end of the pull rod (30) is connected with the lifting beam (12), and the plug cover (26) is connected with the steel wire rope (7).

2. A deck tie member inverting machine according to claim 1, wherein The inside wall of the lower part of the sleeve (29) is a large-diameter conical surface, the lower part of the sliding block (27) is a conical surface corresponding to the shape of the lower part of the sleeve (29), and the lower end of the oil passing hole (28) is located on the conical surface.

3. A deck tie member inverting machine according to claim 2, wherein The locking mechanism (15) comprises a second hydraulic cylinder (22) fixedly connected with the outside of the second edge beam (14) perpendicularly, a sliding sleeve (23) fixedly connected with the inner end of the second edge beam (14) perpendicularly, and a second bolt (24) slidingly connected in the sliding sleeve (23), the second bolt (24) is fixedly connected with the second hydraulic cylinder (22), the second bolt (24) is extended or retracted into the sliding sleeve (23) when the second hydraulic cylinder (22) acts, and the second bolt (24) is inserted into the corresponding hole in the side of the bridge system component (21) after being extended out of the sliding sleeve (23).

4. A deck tie member inverting machine according to claim 1 wherein, The lifting beam (12) moves up and down through the steel wire rope (7) of the winch (2), a buffer mechanism is connected between the steel wire rope (7) and the lifting beam (12), the buffer mechanism comprises a sleeve (29) with a bottom blocked vertically and filled with hydraulic oil in the inside, a sliding block (27) slidingly connected in the sleeve (29), a pull rod (30) penetratingly and slidingly connected with the bottom of the sleeve (29), and a plug cover (26) fixedly connected with the top of the sleeve (29), the pull rod (30) is in sealing cooperation with the sleeve (29), the sliding block (27) is provided with a vertical oil passing hole (28), two parts of the inside of the sleeve (29) above and below the oil passing hole (28) are communicated, the upper end of the pull rod (30) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (27), the lower end of the pull rod (30) is connected with the lifting beam (12), and the plug cover (26) is connected with the steel wire rope (7).

5. A deck tie member inverting machine according to claim 4, wherein The inside wall of the lower part of the sleeve (29) is a large-diameter conical surface, the lower part of the sliding block (27) is a conical surface corresponding to the shape of the lower part of the sleeve (29), and the lower end of the oil passing hole (28) is located on the conical surface. The lifting beam (12) moves up and down through the steel wire rope (7) of the winch (2), a buffer mechanism is connected between the steel wire rope (7) and the lifting beam (12), the buffer mechanism comprises a sleeve (29) with a bottom blocked vertically and filled with hydraulic oil in the inside, a sliding block (27) slidingly connected in the sleeve (29), a pull rod (30) penetratingly and slidingly connected with the bottom of the sleeve (29), and a plug cover (26) fixedly connected with the top of the sleeve (29), the pull rod (30) is in sealing cooperation with the sleeve (29), the sliding block (27) is provided with a vertical oil passing hole (28), two parts of the inside of the sleeve (29) above and below the oil passing hole (28) are communicated, the upper end of the pull rod (30) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (27), the lower end of the pull rod (30) is connected with the lifting beam (12), and the plug cover (26) is connected with the steel wire rope (7). The inside wall of the lower part of the sleeve (29) is a large-diameter conical surface, the lower part of the sliding block (27) is a conical surface corresponding to the shape of the lower part of the sleeve (29), and the lower end of the oil passing hole (28) is located on the conical surface.

6. A deck tie member inverting machine according to claim 1 wherein, The trolley (3) and the lifting beam (12) are further provided with a guiding and positioning mechanism (5), which comprises a positioning frame (10) fixedly connected below the trolley (3), a vertical guiding pipe (8) fixedly arranged on the positioning frame (10), and a vertical stand column (9) fixedly arranged above the lifting beam (12), wherein the stand column (9) is below the guiding pipe (8), and the stand column (9) is coaxial with the guiding pipe (8).

7. A deck member rollover machine according to claim 6 wherein, The bottom of the guiding pipe (8) is fixedly provided with a trumpet pipe (11), and the top of the stand column (9) is conical.

8. A deck tie member inverting machine according to claim 6, wherein The positioning frame (10) is slidably connected with a transverse first bolt (20) on the top, the first bolt (20) is beside the guiding pipe (8), the guiding pipe (8) is provided with a first insertion hole at a position corresponding to the first bolt (20), the positioning frame (10) is provided with a rotating plate (18) near the middle part, the middle part of the rotating plate (18) is rotatably connected with the positioning frame (10), a connecting rod (17) is arranged between the rotating plate (18) and the first bolt (20), the two ends of the connecting rod (17) are respectively hingedly connected with the edge of the first bolt (20) and the rotating plate (18), and the positioning frame (10) is further provided with a first hydraulic cylinder (19) for driving the rotating plate (18) to rotate; the upper part of the stand column (9) is provided with a second insertion hole, the stand column (9) enters the guiding pipe (8) upward under the driving of the winch (2), when the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole are aligned, the first hydraulic cylinder (19) acts to drive the first bolt (20) through the connecting rod (17), so that the first bolt (20) is inserted into the first insertion hole and the second insertion hole.

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