Access management and control system and electronic lock

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronic lock and system for managing access to a storage structure. The lock includes a locking mechanism and an electronic controller securable to the structure. The controller receives instructions to lock or unlock based on data such as geographical location or input data. A monitoring device associated with the controller transmits the received data to a management module via a remote communications network. The monitoring device may also include sensors to monitor cargo integrity parameters, including temperature, humidity, vibration, and light exposure, and to transmit such data to the management module. The management module compares received data with stored predetermined data and, when a match is detected, instructs the controller to unlock the locking mechanism. The system integrates security with cargo condition monitoring for use across various transport and storage environments.

Description

[0001] ACCESS MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC LOCK

[0002] INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTION

[0003] This invention relates to an access control system and electronic lock. More particularly, but not exclusively, this invention relates to an access management and control system and electronic lock which is configured to be locked and unlocked based on data such as geographical location data and / or other input data.

[0004] BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

[0005] Storage structures such as storage containers, cargo containers, cargo-transporting vehicles, fuel tankers and the like are invariably provided with locks to restrict and / or allow access to said storage structures as valuable goods are housed or transported in these storage structures.

[0006] Cargo theft is a major concern for all businesses that need to ship material goods via road, rail, sea or air. Cargo theft is defined as the criminal, unauthorised or unscheduled taking of any cargo as the products pass through any part of the applicable supply chain. Cargo theft presents a unique and difficult challenge to manufacturers, suppliers, terminal operators, third-party logistics providers, and logistics and transportation providers. Besides thieves who break randomly into cargo containers, instances are on the increase where the truck driver, who is responsible for the cargo, and other parties in the supply chain, are also directly involved in the theft or damage of the cargo.

[0007] An important aspect to prevent and reduce cargo theft and damage is through financial accountability in the event of theft or damage. Cargo containers delivering goods usually pass through multiple modes of transportation. When cargo theft or damage occurs on such a complex route involving multiple individuals and logistics companies, and if no proof exists as to when the theft or damage occurred, it becomes extremely difficult for officials and insurance companies to determine financial responsibility. Cargo containers, mainly used in transporting cargo, typically have a rod and lever type lock for locking a door of the container. The lever type lock is typically in the form of a latch and a catch which is provided for receiving the latch. The latch is connected to the rod which has cams for locking the door of the container by pivotably displacing the rod with the latch and thereby causing the cams to engage complementary formations on the container in a known manner. A freely pivotably displaceable hasp is furthermore provided which is securable by a padlock, for example, to the catch, to retain the latch in a locked position. This prevents the rod from being pivotably displaced and disengages the complementary formations, in so doing prevents unauthorized access to the container.

[0008] The padlock, which is operated with a physical key or numerical combination code, makes it impossible to control access to the container from a remote location. The padlock furthermore offers no assistance in determining when and where the intrusion might have occurred and as such accountability in the event of theft is lacking. There is furthermore no record of when the lock has been operated and subsequently access to the container has been gained with the physical key or combination allowing a user who is in possession of the key or combination to open the container to gain access to its contents.

[0009] To assist in such theft and tampering prevention, seals have been developed which encapsulate the locking device and which indicate when the lock has been operated or tampered with. These seals can furthermore be assigned to a container with a serial number, container number, the carrier, and the location of the cargo entered into a local computer. These seals, however, do not allow real time tracking of the container nor are they able to record the geographical position where the lock was operated or tampered with.

[0010] A further disadvantage of these rod and lever type locks is that they are by default located on the outside of the container. This reduces the security of these containers as thieves can easily tamper with the lock and gain unauthorised access to the container.

[0011] A further alternative that has been implemented to prevent cargo theft or tampering is the use of an electronic door lock which may be accessed, for example, with a magnetic strip key card, a smart card, a proximity badge, or by using a personal identification number (PIN), or the like. Typically, the lock includes a card reader into which a key card or a smart card can be inserted. The key card and the smart card include a magnetic strip that stores a code or other access information that is read by the electronic lock. The electronic door lock is therefore configured to record and store the data of the user operating the lock which may reduce instances where the cargo is stolen or tampered with by the driver or an unauthorised person.

[0012] Skimming of fuel from fuel tankers is another example of cargo theft which is on the rise in many countries. Skimming of fuel refers to a practice where a small volume of fuel is stolen on a regular basis. It can simply be done with a siphoning tube and a container and is commonly done by a dishonest tanker driver. Because of the small volumes of fuel stolen each time, it is not noticed in the owner’s fuel monitoring system.

[0013] Even where instances of unauthorised access to storage structures are provided or reported, these instances are reported or available only after the fact and are therefore not a suitable solution to preventing theft or unauthorised access.

[0014] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

[0015] It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an access management and control system and electronic lock with which the applicant believes the aforementioned limitations and disadvantages may at least partially be alleviated, and / or which would provide a useful alternative for known devices for preventing or restricting unauthorised access to cargo.

[0016] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an electronic lock to manage access to a storage structure, the electronic lock comprising:

[0017] - a locking mechanism and electronic controller securable to the storage structure, wherein the controller is configured to receive instructions to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism, based on data being received, the data including geographical location data relating to the geographical location of the storage structure or the site of transfer from one mode of transport to another, and / or input data such as a code or biometric data, the input data optionally being subject to a predetermined validation period;

[0018] - a monitoring device associated with the electronic controller and which is configured to receive or transmit the data to and from a management module via any suitable remote communications network such as a mobile telephone or satellite communication network, the management module associated with or hosted on a server; wherein the controller is configured to unlock the locking mechanism when received data matches predetermined data stored on the management module to allow for managed access to the contents in the storage structure.

[0019] The invention further provides for the monitoring device to be configured to send current actual geographical location data of the storage structure to the management module, upon which the management module is configured to send an instruction to the monitoring device, or directly to the controller, such that the controller operatively unlocks the locking mechanism when the geographical location data matches the predetermined stored on the management module. After a successful unlock operation, the necessary unlock parameters for this specific scenario will expire.

[0020] In another embodiment, the invention provides for the management module to be configured to send the input data to either the monitoring device or directly to a user which, in turn, operatively provides an instruction to the controller to operatively unlock the locking mechanism. The input data may be provided directly to the controller or via the monitoring device.

[0021] The invention further provides for the monitoring device to send a locked or unlocked message to the management module when the locking mechanism is locked or unlocked respectively. The locked and / or unlocked message may further include any predetermined data, for example the current geographical data of the storage structure, the current date and / or time, a quick response (QR) code or personal recognition (such as face- or retina recognition or finger print) data.

[0022] The invention further provides for, when the storage structure is secured to a door, the locking mechanism to automatically lock when the door is closed.

[0023] The invention further provides for the monitoring device to be configured to operatively sense unauthorised unlocking of the locking mechanism, such as opening of the doors by sensing switches, in other words unauthorised opening of or entry into the cargo structure and send an alert message to the management module. The unauthorised access alert message may include any predetermined data, for example the current geographical data of the storage structure, the current date and / or time, a quick response (QR) code or personal recognition (such as face- or retina recognition or finger print) data

[0024] The invention yet further provides for the monitoring device to include a temperature and / or humidity sensor to operatively provide temperature and / or humidity measurements of the inside of the storage structure and / or the contents of the storage structure; a light sensor to provide data on the level of light to which contents has been subjected, a level or weight sensor to operatively provide level or weight measurements relating to the contents of the storage structure, and a shock- and vibration sensor to provide measurements of the physical shock and vibration to which the cargo has been subjected; and / or a date and time module. The invention yet further provides for the monitoring device to be provided with a vehicle-disabling means to operatively disable a vehicle when the locking mechanism is unlocked when the received data does not match the predetermined data.

[0025] The monitoring device may be provided with any one or more of:

[0026] - global system for mobile communications (GSM) I mobile phone connection, Wi-Fi capability, radio frequency communication (for example Bluetooth®), comport and controller area network (CAN) communication, or any other wireless modes of communication;

[0027] - global positioning system (GPS) location engine;

[0028] - various digital input channels;

[0029] - various analogue input channels;

[0030] - various NPN output channels;

[0031] - various relay output channels;

[0032] - 3-axis gyroscope or accelerometer with acceleration in 3 axes; and

[0033] - real-time clock (RTC).

[0034] The controller may be provided with any one or more of: various analogue input channels; various digital input channels; various digital output channels; servo motor control; and

[0035] - electrical motor pulse width modulation speed control (PWM control)

[0036] - door sensors that monitor the open / closed status of the doors when the storage structure is secured to a door; and

[0037] - lock sensors that monitor the actual status of the locking mechanism.

[0038] The management module typically includes a database, preferably hosted on a server on which the predetermined data is stored and updated. The predetermined data may be operatively sent to the database or server even where if no wireless connection is available. The invention further provides for the storage structure to include (i.e. , the electronic lock is installable onto) a vehicle having an access door, a container box that could, for example, be a cold storage cargo container, various container boxes inside a container box, an outlet valve of a fuel tanker, a storage room, a regular cargo container, an aircraft hold, and the like.

[0039] According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an access control system to restrict access to a storage structure, the access system comprising:

[0040] - an electronic lock having a locking mechanism and controller securable to the storage structure, wherein the controller is configured to receive instructions to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism based on data including geographical location data relating to the geographical location of the storage structure or the site of transfer from one mode of transport to another and / or input data such as a code or biometric data, the input data optionally being subject to a predetermined validation period;

[0041] - a monitoring device associated with the controller and which is configured to receive or transmit the data to and from a management module associated with or hosted on a server; wherein the controller is configured to unlock the locking mechanism of the electronic lock when received data matches predetermined data to allow for managed access to the contents in the storage structure.

[0042] According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of operating an access management and control system to manage access to a storage structure, the method including the steps of:

[0043] - securing an electronic lock to the storage structure, the lock having a locking mechanism and controller, wherein the controller is configured to receive instructions to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism based on data including geographical location data relating to the geographical location of the storage structure or the site of transfer from one mode of transport to another and / or input data such as a code or biometric data, the input data optionally being subject to a predetermined validation period; - providing a monitoring device associated with the controller and which is configured to receive or transmit the data to and from a management module associated with or hosted on a server;

[0044] - providing the instructions from the management module to the controller, either via the monitoring device or directly to the controller, such that the locking mechanism is unlocked when received data matches predetermined data.

[0045] These and other features of the invention are described in more detail below.

[0046] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

[0047] The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:

[0048] Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a system and components according to the invention;

[0049] Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a first embodiment of the invention; and

[0050] Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a second embodiment of the invention.

[0051] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0052] Referring to the figures, in which like features are indicated by like numerals, an example embodiment of an access management system to manage and / or restrict access to a storage structure in accordance with the invention is generally designated by reference numeral 10.

[0053] The system 10 includes an electronic lock comprising a locking mechanism 12 and controller 14 securable to a storage structure 16. It will be understood that the storage structure in this invention may be a stationary structure, such as a warehouse or storage facility, and a mobile structure, such as a structure housed on different modes of transport.

[0054] The controller 14 is configured to receive instructions to operatively unlock or lock the locking mechanism based on data, including geographical location data relating to the geographical location of the storage structure or the site of transfer from one mode of transport to another; or input data such as a code, password or biometric data of the recipient on site. The input data may also be subject to a predetermined validation period as described below. The lock / unlock instructions are received from a monitoring device 18 associated with the controller 14 and / or a management module 20. The monitoring device 18 is configured to receive or transmit the data to and from the management module 20 associated with or hosted on a server 22.

[0055] The term 'management module' herein refers to the central control system, implemented as hardware, software, or a combination, which stores predetermined data, receives data from the monitoring device, processes such data, and determines whether to send an instruction to the controller to unlock or keep the locking mechanism secured.

[0056] The controller 14 is configured to actuate the locking mechanism 12 to lock or unlock upon receipt of the instruction based on specific or predetermined data from either the monitoring device 18 or the management module 20, thereby restricting or allowing access to the storage structure 16 as described below.

[0057] In an embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, the monitoring device 18 is configured to send predetermined data (for example current geographical location, a quick response (QR) code or personal recognition (such as face recognition or finger print) data of the storage structure 16, and hence the locking mechanism 12 and controller 14, to the management module 20. The information may be sent continuously, at predetermined intervals, or from time to time through appropriate input to the monitoring device 18 by the user. The management module 20 will, in turn, be configured to store predetermined geographical location data on the server 22. The management module 20 may be an appropriate software program hosted on the server, or it may be provided as separate hardware and software in communication with the server 22. Once or if the geographical location data from the monitoring device 18 matches the predetermined geographical location data on the management module 20 at or within a specified date and time frame, an instruction to unlock the locking mechanism 12 is sent from the management module 20 to the locking mechanism 12 and controller 14 (directly or via the monitoring device 18), thereby actuating the electronic lock to be unlocked allowing access to the storage structure 16. If the current geolocation data or date / time frame does not match the predetermined data, the locking mechanism 12 is not unlocked.

[0058] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3, predetermined input data, such as a unique code or PIN can be sent via the management module 20 to monitoring device 18, which in turn, sends the PIN to the controller 14 or a user 24 directly. Once the PIN is received by the controller 14, via input by the user or through input from the monitoring device 18, the electronic lock is unlocked thereby allowing access to the storage structure 16. The PIN may be provided in response to the storage structure 12 being at a predetermined location, within a specific date- and time frame and / or irrespective of the geolocation data by a predetermined person whose personal recognition data (for example face, retina, fingerprints or voice) can be transferred as per the example provided in Figure 2. It will be understood that the PIN, in this example embodiment accordingly acts as the “instruction” which is provided to the controller 14 to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism 12 and hence the storage structure 16. The invention also provides for the input data to be subject to a predetermined validation period. This refers to a predetermined time interval during which the received input data (such as a one-time code, password, biometric scan, geofenced location confirmation, or other unlocking criteria) is recognised as valid by the controller 14. Once the validation period has lapsed, the input data is disregarded, requiring re-entry or re-verification before the locking mechanism can be actuated. The validation period may be fixed or dynamically adjustable based on operational requirements, security level, or risk profile. In both embodiments of Figures 2 and 3, the monitoring device 18 is also configured to send an unlock message 26 to the management module 20 when the electronic lock is unlocked. In this respect, the controller 14 may be configured to send the unlock message to the monitoring device 18, or the monitoring device may be configured to determine a change in the status of the electronic lock, whether that be through the controller 14 or the locking mechanism 12 itself. The monitoring device 18 is therefore configured to determine the status of the locking mechanism 12 to ascertain whether the electronic lock is unlocked or locked. This includes a change in status from locked to unlocked or vice versa irrespective of whether the change in status is authorised through the procedure described herein or whether the change was unauthorised. This accordingly enables notification to the management module 20 of both authorised and unauthorised unlocking (or locking) of the electronic lock. The unlocked message may further include the current geographical data of the storage structure 16, and may also include the current date and / or time when the electronic lock is unlocked or locked. This provides the benefit of the management module 20 being advised of the status of the locking mechanism 12 at all times and provides the ability to sense unauthorised opening or entry into the cargo structure and send an alert message to the management module 20 to advise unauthorised entry. Detection of unauthorised unlocking may be achieved via one or more mechanical switches, position- or other sensors in the locking mechanism, or monitoring of the controller’s status signals.

[0059] As shown in Figure 1 , the monitoring module 18 may also include a sensor that relays information about the physical content of the storage structure, for example a temperature sensor (not shown) to operatively provide temperature measurements of the storage structure 16 and / or contents of the storage structure; or a level or weight sensor (not shown) to operatively provide level or weight measurements relating to the contents of the storage structure 16; or a date and time module (not shown), or a module (not shown) relaying an electrical signal such as the voltage of a battery or the current flowing indicating the condition of the content of the storage structure, or a humidity sensor (not shown) relaying data about the humidity of the inside of the storage structure, a light sensor (not shown) relaying data about the intensity of light to which the cargo may have been exposed, or a shock detection sensor (not shown) relaying data about the occurrence and / or intensity of shock movements to which the cargo may have been subjected. The monitoring device 18 may be configured to send the temperature, level, weight, humidity and electrical measurements to the management module 20. The monitoring device 18 can be configured with trigger values for any of the input sensors, to send trigger events to the management module 20.

[0060] The electronic lock consisting of the locking mechanism 12 and controller 14 and the associated monitoring device 18 can be installed onto a vehicle access or canopy door, a container box including a cooler box, an outlet valve of a fuel tanker, a storage room, a cargo container, an aircraft hold, and the like.

[0061] The various components of the system 10 is provided with the necessary hardware and software (not shown) in order to provide the necessary functionality as described above.

[0062] The management module 20 includes a database (not shown) on the server 22 on which the predetermined data is stored and updated. The management module 20 received inputs from various users and acts as a management means for the system 10. In this respect, each user has access to information according to his ranking, company privileges, accountability, and allowed control. The user can access the information of all activities relating to the system 10, such as historical data, and has the function of communication between users including email, short-message services (sms) and social media connectivity. Most importantly, the management module 20 provides the set criteria / predetermined data which dictates when the electronic lock can be unlocked or to remain locked.

[0063] The management module 20 can be configured to send certain messages such as email, sms, Whatsapp®, and the like to predefined individuals if certain criteria is met, for example, a sensor event is triggered, a door is locked / unlocked, unauthorised access and the like. The monitoring device 18 is provided with any one or more of:

[0064] - GSM / cellphone connection, wifi capabilities, radio frequency communication (for example Bluetooth®), comport and CAN communication or any other wireless modes of communication;

[0065] - cloud storage;

[0066] - GPS location engine;

[0067] - various digital input channels;

[0068] - various analog input channels;

[0069] - various NPN output channels;

[0070] - various relay output channel;

[0071] - 3-axis gyroscope / accelerometer with acceleration in 3 axes; and

[0072] - real-time-clock (RTC).

[0073] The monitoring device is furthermore configured to employ encrypted communications and authentication protocols (digital certificates, challenge-response) for secure data transmission.

[0074] As described, the monitoring device 18 is in communication with the management module 20 and also is equipped with a unique identification code and therefore identifiable by the management module 20. It is configured to receive instructions from the management module 20 to actuate the electronic lock, but can also function independently, where necessary, to actuate / control the controller 14 and locking mechanism 12, even if there is temporarily no communication between the management module (20) and the monitoring device (18). This can be provided by onboard memory or storage; embedded control logic; fail-safe or fallback mode and / or synchronization when online. These will be within the competence of a skilled artisan and can be provided in many ways.

[0075] The controller 14 may include any one or more of: various analogue input channels; various digital input channels; various digital output channels; servo motor control; and electrical motor PWM control.

[0076] The controller 14 is also equipped with a unique identification code and therefore identifiable by the monitoring device 18. As described above, the controller 14 receives instructions from the monitoring device 18 and / or management module 20 to provide the lock / unlock function as described above.

[0077] A plurality of controllers 14 (not shown) may be connected to a single management module 20, therefore enabling the management module to be configured to control each controller 14 individually for different geographical locations and other data criteria as described above.

[0078] In addition, the monitoring device 18 may be provided with a vehicle-disable means (not shown) to operatively disable a vehicle when the locking mechanism is unlocked when the received data does not match the predetermined data.

[0079] The invention provides various advantageous applications described further below.

[0080] In one example embodiment, the monitoring device 18 and electronic lock (locking mechanism 12 and controller 14) is installed onto the access door of a refrigerated vehicle i.e. , cold storage cargo container. In addition or alternatively, the monitoring device 18 and electronic lock are installed onto individual cooler boxes inside the refrigerated vehicle or any other vehicle carrying refrigerated goods.

[0081] The controller in this embodiment operates the electronic lock by means of a servodrive and is also provided with a temperature sensor which measures the temperature inside the vehicle and / or each cooler box. The user inputs the specific or predetermined geographical location data through the server at which location the specific lock / s is / are allowed to be unlocked. Added to this, an expiry date and -time are set by which time the lock is allowed to be unlocked. The individual monitoring devices each receives a specific unlock code to open the main door and its allocated cooler box / es. At the allocated or predetermined destination or geographical location, the monitoring device awaits the specific code, receivable by means of a radio frequency (for example Bluetooth®) connection. The monitoring device then instructs the controller and locking mechanism to unlock the main door and / or the designated cold storage box / es. Upon opening these doors or boxes, the monitoring device will record and inform the server of the management module of this event. Should any door or box be opened outside of its set destination, the server will receive an event trigger or alarm from the monitoring device. Likewise, the temperature of each cooler box will be monitored and should it rise beyond the predetermined value, the server will receive an event trigger or alarm from the monitoring device. Additionally, should any of the doors or boxes be opened outside its predetermined location, the monitoring device will set in motion the disabling of the vehicle by applying its brakes gradually. The location of the vehicle is constantly monitored by the monitoring device and feedback is constantly supplied to the server. Should the vehicle deviate from its route, an event alarm will be triggered and communicated to the server. The vehicle can then be partly immobilised by the monitoring device. It will be understood that suitable vehicle disabling means may be provided and these are within the competence of a skilled artisan and hence not detailed herein.

[0082] In a yet further example embodiment, the monitoring device 18 and electronic lock (locking mechanism 12 and controller 14) are installed onto a fuel tanker. More particularly, the controller and locking mechanism operate the inlet and / or outlet valve of the fuel tanker. In this embodiment, the receiver of the fuel is sent a PIN via the management module (either to the user directly or to the monitoring device) to enable him to unlock the inlet or outlet valve at the desired location. The monitoring device in this embodiment is also equipped with a fuel level sensor. En-route to the intended destination, the fuel is constantly monitored and feedback is provided to the management module via the monitoring device. At the destination, the receiver needs to input the desired PIN or code to release the fuel via Bluetooth. In this regard, the PIN is entered via Bluetooth® to the monitoring device, which in turn instructs the controller and locking mechanism to be unlocked thereby enabling the release of the outlet fuel valve. The quantity of fuel offloaded is also monitored via the monitoring device. This embodiment also provides the ability to manage where fuel is acquired, in other words, determine where the inlet valve of the fuel tanker may be unlocked to enable the intake of fuel.

[0083] In a further example embodiment, a company operates various storage facilities, each at a different location. The user of the storage facility will be able to open the door of his allocated storage container in the facility by means of his PIN allocated to him through the management module, provided by the management module user (storage facility company). If the user fails to pay his monthly rental, his PIN is suspended until his debt is settled. He is thus unable to open his rented storage container in the storage facility. Whenever his storage facility is opened, an event alarm is triggered and the user (and the designated storage facility manager) will receive a notification.

[0084] In a yet further example embodiment, a container is loaded with valuable and sensitive goods in a specific location. The container is equipped with the monitoring device and electronic lock which only allows the container (i.e. storage structure) to be opened by the receiver (management module operator / user) at a specific location. It is also equipped with temperature-, humidity- and shock sensors that would record data about ambient conditions inside the container. If the container is opened prior to the destination, an event alarm is triggered (i.e. an unlock notification) and sent to the management module informing the user of unauthorised access. If, while in transit or storage, the temperature, humidity or physical shock exceeds the predetermined levels, an event alarm could be triggered upon the legitimate opening of the container upon which the captured data could be examined to determine whether the sensitive goods have been exposed to temperature, humidity or physical shock beyond the predetermined levels.

[0085] Accordingly, the invention provides an electronic lock, a system and method which includes the various components described above which enables a user to manage the access to a storage structure through various communication between the components when the storage structure is at a predetermined geographical location and / or when the electronic lock receives predetermined data. In this respect, it will be understood that “predetermined data” may include any kind of readable data or combination of data which may be required to operatively enable the electronic lock to be locked / unlocked and hence provide or restrict access to the storage structure and contents. This provides the advantage of having full control and information available to a user in terms of when and where, and upon which criteria the storage structure may be opened and to ascertain details of unauthorised access. Furthermore, the invention provides for sensors that provide data about the integrity of the cargo as a result of ambient conditions in the cargo container or cargo hold.

[0086] The unlocking decision is executed through hardware integration between the GPS location engine, the remote communications interface (e.g., GSM, Wi-Fi, CAN bus), and the control electronics.

[0087] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that numerous variations, modifications and alternative configurations of the invention as described herein are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Such variations, whether relating to mechanical design, electronic components, communication protocols, sensing capabilities, power supply arrangements, operational logic or integration with external systems, would be within the competence of a skilled artisan. The following are nonlimiting examples of possible variations and / or additional details which may form part of the invention:

[0088] - The locking mechanism may take various forms, such as a servo-driven latch, solenoid bolt, or motorised cam arrangement, and may include mounting arrangements, anti-tamper design features, and environmental sealing to meet IP65 or higher ingress protection ratings. The components may be formed from hardened steel, reinforced composites, or other materials resistant to cutting, drilling, or prying attacks. It may be concealed and located on the inside of the enclosure or closed area. - Communication between the monitoring device, controller and management module may employ secure protocols incorporating encryption, authentication methods (e.g., digital certificates, challenge-response), and data integrity checks such as cyclic redundancy checks (CRC).

[0089] - Fail-safe operational modes may be implemented, including defined default locked / unlocked states in the event of power failure or communication loss, as well as “last valid code” fallback logic to permit temporary operation until normal communication is restored.

[0090] - Power supply arrangements may include a primary battery, rechargeable battery packs, and / or vehicle-powered charging, with backup batteries to ensure continued operation in the event of primary power loss. Offline operational run-time may be optimised through low-power electronics and energy management strategies.

[0091] - Additional embodiments may involve use in securing remote site equipment, mobile medical supply units, cash-in-transit vehicles, or other high-value mobile or stationary storage structures across all commonly known modes of cargo transport.

[0092] - The monitoring device may incorporate additional environmental or security sensors such as vibration or shock sensors, light sensors for detecting container breaches, and gas or humidity sensors for monitoring sensitive cargo.

[0093] - Data logging may be enhanced to include both local and remote storage with redundancy, encryption of stored logs, retention policies, and the capability to export event records in standard formats (e.g., CSV, XML) for legal or insurance purposes.

[0094] - The system may be designed in a modular manner, allowing for interchangeable lock units, monitoring devices, and controllers to suit various cargo / container configurations, with quick installation kits to facilitate retrofitting. It is accordingly asserted that the invention offers numerous advantages over known access control systems and locking devices, including both general benefits and embodiment-specific improvements, as set out below.

[0095] The invention provides general advantages across all applications, for example:

[0096] - Enhanced Security and Theft Prevention by combining tamper-resistant mechanical design with secure electronic control, unlocking only when predetermined conditions (e.g., geolocation, code, biometric) are met.

[0097] - Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts by providing continuous or periodic status updates, with immediate alerts upon unauthorised access, location deviation, or environmental breaches.

[0098] - Improved Accountability and Audit Trail by logging detailed access events with time, date, location, and operator identification, aiding investigations, compliance, and insurance claims.

[0099] - Operational Flexibility by supporting multiple unlocking criteria such as geofencing, time-based permissions, one-time codes, or biometric verification, and can be configured for multi-stop or high-security single delivery.

[0100] - Integration with Vehicle and Supply Chain Systems by interfacing with vehicle systems to enable automated disabling if security is breached or route deviations occur, and can link with broader logistics platforms.

[0101] - Environmental and Condition Monitoring by integrating optional sensors (temperature, humidity, vibration, weight) to proactively protect cargo.

[0102] - Adaptability and Retrofitting - Modular design for easy adaptation to various container types and transport modes, including retrofit to existing structures. - Cost Efficiency and Reduced Losses - Lowers losses from theft or spoilage and reduces reliance on costly physical security measures.

[0103] - Multiple Communication Channels - Operates over GSM, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth®, or satellite to ensure functionality in varied environments.

[0104] The invention goes beyond merely restricting access to contents of the storage structure but extends to access management by managing the contents in a secure and controlled manner. Unlike facilities such as prisons or bank vaults, where access is intended to be prevented as far as possible, the present system is designed to be integrated into logistics and operational frameworks to facilitate authorised access at the correct time, place, and manner for the correct persons. This approach enables seamless operation in environments such as vehicles, trains, and storage facilities, while maintaining robust security and monitoring.

[0105] An important competitive advantage of the invention lies in its ability to ensure cargo integrity. The system is not primarily aimed at protecting the transport vehicle or storage structure itself, but rather at safeguarding the cargo throughout its journey. This includes operation across different modes of transport and during transfer in and out of warehouses. In addition to security, the system can monitor and manage factors such as light exposure, temperature, humidity, and vibration, all of which are critical in preserving the condition and quality of the cargo. Thus, the invention provides a comprehensive framework for both security and integrity management.

[0106] Furthermore, Embodiment-Specific Advantages include:

[0107] 1 . Cold Storage Cargo Containers and Cooler Boxes

[0108] - Maintains security and temperature compliance until arrival at the intended destination.

[0109] - Prevents premature opening, reducing spoilage and contamination risk.

[0110] - Enables real-time monitoring of temperature and location, allowing corrective action before goods are compromised. 2. Fuel Tankers

[0111] - Prevents unauthorised fuel skimming or diversion by restricting valve operation to authorised conditions.

[0112] - Monitors fuel levels continuously for accurate delivery records.

[0113] - Controls both loading and offloading points, reducing theft opportunities at any stage.

[0114] 3. Storage Facilities (e.g., rental units)

[0115] - Allows remote revocation or restoration of access, e.g., for non-payment of rental.

[0116] - Records every access event for operator and tenant accountability.

[0117] - Eliminates the need for physical key management.

[0118] 4. General Cargo Containers and Transport Vehicles

[0119] - Prevents access during transit until arrival at an authorised location.

[0120] - Triggers immediate alerts if opened under unauthorised conditions.

[0121] - Integrates with vehicle disabling systems for added security.

[0122] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that the invention is not limited to the precise details as herein described and that many different configurations are possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.

[0123] The description is presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . An electronic lock to manage access to a storage structure, the electronic lock comprising:- a locking mechanism and electronic controller securable to the storage structure, wherein the controller is configured to receive instructions to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism, based on received data, the received data including geographical location data of the storage structure or site of transfer from one mode of transport to another and / or input data such as a code or biometric data, the input data optionally being subject to a predetermined validation period;- a monitoring device associated with the electronic controller, the monitoring device being configured to receive or transmit the data to and from a management module via a remote communications network; wherein the controller is configured to unlock the locking mechanism when received data matches predetermined data stored on the management module to allow for managed access to the contents in the storage structure.

2. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device is configured to send current actual geographical location data of the storage structure to the management module, upon which the management module is configured to send an instruction to the monitoring device, or directly to the controller, such that the controller operatively unlocks the locking mechanism when the geographical location data matches a predetermined geographical location data stored on the management module, optionally after which necessary unlock parameters will expire.

3. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the management module is configured to send the input data directly to the controller, or via the monitoring device, or directly to a user which, in turn, operatively provides an instruction to the controller to operatively unlock the locking mechanism.

4. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device is configured to send a locked or unlocked message to the management module when the locking mechanism is locked or unlocked respectively.

5. The electronic lock of claim 4, wherein the locked and / or unlocked message further includes any predetermined data, preferably current geographical data of the storage structure, current date and / or time, a quick response (QR) code or personal recognition data such as face- or retina recognition or finger print data.

6. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein, when the storage structure is secured to a door, the locking mechanism is automatically locked when the door is closed.

7. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device is configured to operatively sense unauthorised unlocking of the locking mechanism and send an alert message to the management module.

8. The electronic lock of claim 7, wherein the alert message includes any predetermined data, such as the current geographical data of the storage structure, the current date and / or time, a quick response (QR) code or personal recognition data such as face- or retina recognition or finger print data.

9. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device is configured to, when the storage structure is secured to a door, operatively sense the opening of the door be sensing switches.

10. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device further includes any one or more of:- a temperature sensor to operatively provide temperature measurements of the inside of the storage structure and / or the contents of the storage structure;- a humidity sensor to operatively provide humidity measurements of the inside of the storage structure and / or the contents of the storage structure;- a light sensor to operatively provide measurement of the exposure to light inside of the storage structure and / or the contents of the storage structure;- a vibration and / or shock sensor to operatively provide measurements of the levels of vibration and / or physical shock to which the storage structure and / or the contents of the storage structure were exposed in transit;- a level or weight sensor to operatively provide level or weight measurements relating to the contents of the storage structure; and- a date and time module.11 . The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device includes a vehicledisabling means to operatively disable a vehicle when the locking mechanism is unlocked when the received data does not match the predetermined data.

12. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device includes any one or more of:- global system for mobile communications (GSM) I mobile phone connection, Wi-Fi capability, radio frequency communication, comport and controller area network (CAN) communication, or any other wireless modes of communication;- global positioning system (GPS) location engine;- various digital input channels;- various analogue input channels;- various NPN output channels;- various relay output channels;- 3-axis gyroscope or accelerometer with acceleration in 3 axes; and- real-time clock (RTC).

13. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the controller includes any one or more of:- various analogue input channels;- various digital input channels;- various digital output channels;- servo motor control;- electrical motor pulse width modulation speed control (PWM control);- door sensors that monitor the open / closed status of the doors when the storage structure is secured to a door; and- lock sensors that monitor the actual status of the locking mechanism.

14. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the management module includes a database, preferably hosted on a server or in the cloud on which the predetermined data is stored and updated.

15. The electronic lock of claim 14, wherein the predetermined data is operatively sent to the database or server even where if no wireless connection is available.

16. The electronic lock of claim 1 , wherein the storage structure includes any one of the following including:- a vehicle having an access door;- a container box, preferably a cold storage cargo container;- various container boxes inside a container box;- an outlet valve of a fuel tanker;- a storage room;- a regular cargo container; and- an aircraft hold.

17. An access control system to manage access to a storage structure, the access control system comprising:- an electronic lock having a locking mechanism and electronic controller securable to the storage structure, wherein the controller is configured to receive instructions to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism based on data received, the received data including geographical location data relating to the geographical location of the storage structure or the site of transfer from one mode of transfer to another, and / or input data such as acode or biometric data, the input data data optionally being subject to a predetermined validation period;- a monitoring device associated with the controller; and- a management module associated with or hosted on a server comprising a database storing the received data and being configured to transmit unlocking instructions to the monitoring device or the controller when the received data matches the predetermined data to allow for managed access to the contents in the storage structure.

18. A method of operating an access management and control system to manage access to a storage structure, the method including the steps of:- securing an electronic lock to the storage structure, the lock having a locking mechanism and controller, wherein the controller is configured to receive instructions to operatively lock or unlock the locking mechanism based on data including geographical location data relating to the geographical location of the storage structure or the site of transfer from one mode of transport to another and / or input data such as a code or biometric data, the input data optionally being subject to a predetermined validation period;- providing a monitoring device associated with the controller and which is configured to receive or transmit the data to and from a management module associated with or hosted on a server;- providing the instructions from the management module to the controller, either via the monitoring device or directly to the controller, such that the locking mechanism is unlocked when received data matches predetermined data.

Images