Method for maize-flue-cured tobacco crop rotation with double intercropping of pea / barley

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of planting. Disclosed is a method for maize-flue-cured tobacco crop rotation with double intercropping of pea / barley. In the method for maize-flue-cured tobacco crop rotation with double intercropping of pea / barley of the present invention, a specific planting pattern for the crop rotation is "flue-cured tobacco-intercropped pea-intercropped barley-rotated maize-intercropped pea- rotated barley-flue-cured tobacco". The symbiotic period of the double intercropped crops in this pattern reaches 70d, and a multiple cropping index of cultivated land is increased to "six harvests in two years", leading to a substantial increase in economic benefits. Moreover, this pattern can effectively reduce the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles in cash crops such as flue-cured tobacco and peas, and thus is a "grain-tobacco-cash crop coordinated development pattern" that enables sustainable and efficient production. The economic benefits are greatly improved. In addition, pea seedlings are applied to attract migrating tobacco aphids, which reduces aphid infestations and prevents the occurrence of climatic spot disease and tobacco brown spot in upper tobacco leaves caused by excessive nutrient absorption in the late growth stage of flue-cured tobacco.

Description

Corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping peas / barley method TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of planting technology, and particularly relates to a corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping peas / barley method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The mode of intercropping peas after tobacco is a kind of spontaneous production habit mode of farmers in Yunnan, which mainly utilizes the time difference of 70-80 days from the middle and late period of flue-cured tobacco management to the planting of autumn and winter crops. In this time period, the characteristics of short growth period, high economic value and low fertilizer requirement of peas are utilized to intercrop peas in the tobacco field, so as to fully utilize the planting space, light and heat and surplus soil nutrients after tobacco, and promote the quality and efficiency of the pea industry. At the same time, the migration of tobacco aphids is induced by pea seedlings, the damage of tobacco aphids to flue-cured tobacco is reduced, the climate spot disease and red spot disease of the upper tobacco leaves caused by excessive absorption of nutrients in the late growth period of flue-cured tobacco are prevented, and the quality of tobacco leaves is comprehensively improved.

[0003] The mode has a development history of more than 10 years in Xiangyun County, Dali Prefecture, and the area of spontaneous planting by farmers reached 12,000 mu in 2013, 20,000 mu in 2014, the yield per mu was between 800-850 kg, the output value per mu was between 4100-4800 yuan, the total output value increased from 58 million yuan in 2013 to 82 million yuan in 2014, and the economic benefit was very considerable. In 2015, the Yunnan Tobacco Company proposed the development strategy of "adhering to the complementation of tobacco and grain and the symbiosis of multiple industries", and advocated building a new pattern of promoting farmers' income by developing tobacco-based and diversified industries. Xiangyun County Tobacco Company cooperated with Chengchuan Cooperative to implement 3000 mu of "tobacco + peas" and develop the construction of industrial complex in Xiaozhuang tobacco area, which drove the area of tobacco and peas interplanting to reach 51,100 mu; from 2016 to 2018, the area reached 80,500 mu, close to the area of flue-cured tobacco planting, and the total output value increased from 165 million yuan in 2015 to 259 million yuan from 2016 to 2018. At the same time, problems also came, especially the continuous cropping obstacles caused seedling death and yield reduction, which gradually increased (the emergence and survival rate was basically only 50%-70%, and individual plots even had no yield, the yield per mu of peas decreased from 800-850 kg to 450-520 kg, the reduction rate was 35%-47%, the output value per mu decreased from 4100-4800 yuan to 3200 yuan, the reduction rate was 22%-33%; flue-cured tobacco also had continuous cropping obstacles, and the yield was reduced by 20%-30% compared with non-continuous cropping planting. Yunnan Province is a large tobacco planting province, with 9 million mu of core tobacco area, and the annual tobacco planting area reaches 6 million mu, and the resources for planting after tobacco are extremely rich. Under the guidance of the tobacco and grain coordinated development idea in Yunnan Province, different regions have appeared production modes such as tobacco and fresh corn or green feed corn interplanting, tobacco and soybean interplanting, and tobacco and green pea interplanting. Most of these modes have low economic benefits or long growth periods, which leads to low enthusiasm of farmers for planting, and cannot form an agricultural revitalization industry, and the role in helping farmers increase income and rural revitalization is also very limited.

[0004] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are:

[0005] Different regions have appeared production modes such as tobacco and fresh corn or green feed corn interplanting, tobacco and soybean interplanting, and tobacco and green pea interplanting. Most of these modes have low economic benefits or long growth periods, which leads to low enthusiasm of farmers for planting, and cannot form an agricultural revitalization industry, and the role in helping farmers increase income and rural revitalization is also very limited. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double interplanting pea / barley method.

[0007] The present application is implemented as follows: a corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double interplanting pea / barley method comprises:

[0008] Step 1: Flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the middle and late April to the early May of the current year, and the flue-cured tobacco is harvested and cured in the early August to the middle and late September of the current year:

[0009] Step 2: In the middle and early August of the current year, after the lower leaves and the middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco are harvested, the flue-cured tobacco stalks are used as climbing supports for peas on the tobacco ridge, and the peas are no-tillage intercropped, and the peas are harvested in the middle and late December of the current year:

[0010] Step 3: In the late October to the early November of the current year, peas are intercropped with barley, and the barley is harvested in the middle and late March of the next year:

[0011] Step 4: In the early May of the next year, seed corn is planted in rotation, and the seed corn is harvested in the middle and late September of the next year:

[0012] Step 5: In the middle and late August of the next year, corn stalks are used as climbing supports for peas on the corn ridge, and the peas are no-tillage intercropped, and the peas are harvested in the middle and late December of the next year:

[0013] Step 6: In the early November of the next year or in the late October to the end of March to the early April of the third year, peas are intercropped with barley:

[0014] Step 7: From the middle and late April to the early May of the third year, the steps 1 to 6 are cycled.

[0015] Further, the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted in the middle and late April to the early May of the current year, and the flue-cured tobacco is harvested and cured in the early August to the middle and late September of the current year; the key technical measures for relieving the flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping obstacles during the flue-cured tobacco planting process are as follows:

[0016] Step (1) The soil is turned over, the field is sunned, the ridge is formed, and the pond is dug 15 days before the tobacco is planted, the depth of the turned-over soil is more than 30 cm, the height of the formed ridge is about 25 cm, the width of the ridge is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 110-120 cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;

[0017] Step (2) Before deep ploughing, the soil can be disinfected by uniformly applying lime, the lime application amount is determined according to the soil pH value, for example, for the soil with a pH value of 4.0-5.0, the lime application amount is preferably not more than 2250 kg / hm 2 ; for the soil with a pH value of 5.0-5.5, the lime application amount is preferably between 1500-2250 kg / hm 2 ; for the soil with a pH value of more than 5.5, no lime is applied;

[0018] Step (2) Base fertilizer is applied, and the fertilizer variety 1 is a flue-cured tobacco special formula fertilizer, for example, N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:18, the pure N amount is 81 kg / hm 2 , the pure N amount accounts for 60% of the total N amount, and the formula fertilizer amount is 540 kg / hm 2Fertilizer type 2 is a disease-suppressing or disease-resistant high-potassium bio-organic fertilizer. The dosage is calculated based on the pure nitrogen it brings in accounting for 20%-30% of the total nitrogen application, with an organic fertilizer application rate of 3000-4500 kg / hm². 2 Based on a total N:P₂O₅:K₂O application ratio of 1:1:3, the insufficient P₂O₅ and K₂O will be supplemented by fertilizer type 3 (superphosphate) and fertilizer type 4 (potassium sulfate), respectively, with the dosage of superphosphate being 386 kg / hm². 2 Potassium sulfate 3266 kg / hm 2 Apply a mixture of special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, organic fertilizer, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate, or separately as base fertilizer, before transplanting the flue-cured tobacco, using the method of application in a pit.

[0019] Step (3) Routine topdressing, fertilizer type 3 is nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, calculated based on the pure N application rate accounting for 40% of the total nitrogen application, the pure nitrogen amount is 54 kg / hm. 2 The nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application rate is 432 kg / hm². 2 Apply top dressing about 25 days after transplanting (during the seedling stage), and apply the fertilizer by diluting it with water and watering.

[0020] Furthermore, in early to mid-August of that year, after the lower and middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco were harvested, the tobacco stalks were used as supports for pea climbing on the tobacco ridges for no-till intercropping of peas, with harvesting completed in mid to late December. The intercropping procedure and key technical measures taken to alleviate pea continuous cropping obstacles are as follows:

[0021] Step (1) Remove weeds and debris from the tobacco field. After the middle leaves of the tobacco plant are harvested, make shallow furrows of about 5cm on the ridges between the tobacco plants. Select disease-resistant pea varieties suitable for autumn sowing and sow them in the furrows. Before sowing, coat or mix the pea seeds with anti-root rot fungicide and insecticide powder. Sow two seeds at a time with a plant spacing of 3cm and a sowing depth of about 5cm.

[0022] Step (2) When the pea seedlings are 10-15cm tall, fix a thick line at the top of the tobacco stems on both sides of the pea seedlings, and use thin cotton thread to fix the top of the pea vines to the thick line so that the pea vines extend vertically upwards.

[0023] Step (3) Apply disease-suppressing or disease-resistant microbial compound fertilizer during the pea seedling and trellising stages. It is advisable to apply nutrient-balanced compound fertilizer, with a pure nitrogen application rate of 30 kg / hm. 2 With N:P₂O₅:K₂O = 15:15:15, the compound fertilizer application rate is 200 kg / hm². 2 The best application method is root zone application or strip application.

[0024] Step (4) at the initial flowering and full flowering stage of peas, 1 time of high potassium compound fertilizer is applied, water-soluble compound fertilizer is appropriate, the pure nitrogen application amount is 15 kg / hm 2 , taking N:P2O5:K2O=10:5:30 as an example, the compound fertilizer application amount is 150 kg / hm 2 , and the application mode is appropriate to be irrigated with water;

[0025] Step (5) at the pod setting stage of peas, 1 time of water-soluble high potassium compound fertilizer in step (4) is applied after each time of harvesting green pods, the pure nitrogen application amount is 15 kg / hm 2 , the compound fertilizer application amount is 150 kg / hm 2 , and the application mode is appropriate to be irrigated with water;

[0026] Step (6) combined physical control, chemical control and biological control, comprehensive control of pea diseases and pests is carried out, and the key technical measures are as follows:

[0027] Pea seedling stage: when the height of pea seedlings is 10-15 cm, 5 mg / L mineral source potassium fulvic acid at 600 times liquid is sprayed on the roots of pea seedlings and tobacco plants, and spraying is carried out once every 5-7 days, for 2-3 times;

[0028] Mid-late stage of pea seedlings: 42.8%fludioxonil·coumoxystrobin suspension concentrate and 77%copper hydroxide wettable powder at 600 times liquid are applied;

[0029] Pea flowering and podding stage: 98%polyethylene glycol and 95%nitroketone are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:2, then diluted into 13000 times liquid, sprayed on pea seedlings, and 10%cyantraniliprole dispersible oil suspension concentrate is also sprayed;

[0030] 7-10 days before the peak stage of adult occurrence: 225-300 yellow boards are inserted per hm 2 .

[0031] Step (7) stopping using chemical pesticides 15-20 days before harvesting peas, starting batch harvesting green pods 25 days after pea flowering, and storing green pods in a cool and ventilated place;

[0032] After each time of harvesting green pods, 0.3%monopotassium phosphate, 0.3%urea and 0.2%boron fertilizer are applied on the leaf surface of pea seedlings, and the spraying amount of the mixed solution is 75 kg / hm 2 .

[0033] Further, the peas are sowed in late October and early November of the current year, and the harvesting is completed in mid-late March of the next year, and the planting specifications and fertilization technical regulations are as follows:

[0034] Step (1) 10-15 cm on both sides of the ridge of the tobacco ridge, open a 5 cm or so deep ditch, select early maturity barley varieties, artificial strip or mechanical seeding in the ditch, the seeding amount is 900-1125 kg / hm 2 , to ensure that the basic seedling is 1.5 million / hm 2 or so, the barley row spacing is 20-25 cm;

[0035] Step (2) the seeding time is in late October to early November under the condition of sufficient soil moisture, to ensure that the seedling is full, uniform, and strong, to increase the drought and cold resistance;

[0036] Step (3) after the peas are picked, the tobacco plants, pea plants and sundries are cleaned out of the field in time, and compound fertilizer is applied, preferably balanced nutrient water-soluble compound fertilizer, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, the pure nitrogen application amount is 20 kg / hm 2 , the compound fertilizer amount is 133 kg / hm 2 , the application method is preferably watering; at the jointing stage and the early heading stage of barley, 1 time of urea is applied each time, the pure nitrogen application amount is 70 kg / hm 2 , the urea amount is 150 kg / hm 2 .

[0037] Further, the rotation planting of grain corn is carried out in early May, and the harvesting is completed in mid-to-late September, and the planting specifications and key technical regulations are as follows:

[0038] Step (1) 10-15 days before planting corn, deep plowing, ridging and ponding are carried out, and 3000-4500 kg / hm 2 of organic fertilizer is applied before deep plowing, the plowing depth is 20-30 cm, the ridging height is about 25 cm, the ridge width is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 90 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm;

[0039] Step (2) timely seeding: after the rain, when the soil is wet, seed corn kernels on the corn ridge, 3 kernels per hole, then cover the film on the soil surface, and when the seedlings are 5-7 days old, break the holes, dig the seedlings, thin the seedlings, and supplement the seedlings, 2 plants per pond, and the missing ponds should be supplemented with strong seedlings in time to achieve balanced growth of seedlings in the whole field;

[0040] Step (3) sufficient base fertilizer: balanced nutrient compound fertilizer is preferably used, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, the pure nitrogen amount is 112.5 kg / hm 2 , the compound fertilizer amount is 750 kg / hm 2 , and the application method is preferably ditch strip application;

[0041] Step (4) and topdressing: in the jointing stage, once single element nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and urea is preferably applied, the application amount of pure nitrogen is 37.5 kg / hm 2 , the urea amount is 81.5 kg / hm 2 ; in the pre-heading stage, once single element nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and urea is preferably applied, the application amount of pure nitrogen is 75 kg / hm 2 , the urea amount is 163 kg / hm 2 ; the topdressing mode is preferably water irrigation or rainwater ditching strip application.

[0042] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the technical solutions to be protected by the present application have the following advantages and positive effects:

[0043] Firstly, the present application provides a sustainable and efficient production mode of grain and tobacco double cropping, which is named as a corn-tobacco double cropping pea / barley mode, and the specific double cropping mode is tobacco-double cropping pea-double cropping barley-corn-double cropping pea-double cropping barley-tobacco.

[0044] Production cost and economic benefit analysis of the technical mode of the present application

[0045] Production cost: (1) tobacco planting cost: 300 workers per hectare x 100 yuan per worker = 30,000 yuan, fertilizer cost 0.375 million yuan, pesticide 0.225 million yuan, mulch 0.075 million yuan, tobacco seedling 0.075 million yuan, mechanized ridging and ponding 0.15 million yuan, supplementary irrigation water 0.075 million yuan, coal and electricity for curing 0.225 million yuan, total 4.2 million yuan; (2) pea: 150 workers per hectare x 100 yuan per worker = 1.5 million yuan, seed 0.1125 million yuan, fertilizer cost 0.15 million yuan, pesticide 0.15 million yuan, total 1.9125 million yuan; (3) corn: 75 workers per hectare x 100 yuan per worker = 0.75 million yuan, seed 0.15 million yuan, mechanized plowing and ridging 0.15 million yuan, fertilizer cost 0.225 million yuan, pesticide 0.225 million yuan, total 1.5 million yuan; (4) barley: 45 workers per hectare x 100 yuan per worker = 0.45 million yuan, seed 0.15 million yuan, fertilizer cost 0.15 million yuan, pesticide 0.15 million yuan, total 0.9 million yuan. Therefore, the technical mode of the present application, corn-tobacco double cropping pea / barley mode, has 1 season of tobacco, 1 season of corn, 2 seasons of pea and 2 seasons of barley, and the total cost input in 2 years is 14.625 million yuan / hm2 The average annual cost input is 73,125 yuan / hm 2 .

[0046] Output: the average yield of peas is 1.2 t / hm 2 The output value is 112,500 yuan / hm 2 The average output value of tobacco leaves is about 71,775 yuan / hm 2 The average yield of corn is 1.2 t / hm 2 The output value is 30,000 yuan / hm 2 The average yield of barley is 5,250 kg / hm 2 The output value is 15,000 yuan / hm 2 The annual output value of corn-pea-barley is calculated as 15.75 yuan / hm 2 The annual output value of tobacco-pea-barley is 19.9275 yuan / hm 2 Meanwhile, corn or tobacco stalks are used to replace bamboo poles and wooden poles as pea climbing supports, and 15,000 supports per hectare are saved, saving economic cost of 0.75 yuan / hm 2 Therefore, the economic output value of the technical mode of the application 'corn-tobacco rotation double intercropping pea / barley mode' in two years is calculated as 35.6775 yuan / hm 2 + saving economic cost of 1.5 yuan / hm 2 = 37.1775 yuan / hm 2 The average annual output value is 18.5895 yuan / hm 2 .

[0047] Economic benefit: the average annual output value is 18.5895 yuan / hm 2 Subtract the average annual cost input of 73,125 yuan / hm 2 The net income per year is 112,770 yuan / hm 2 .

[0048] 2. Comparison and analysis with the original production mode in the local area

[0049] The current production mode of farmers' habits will appear continuous cropping obstacles after continuous planting of tobacco, peas for 3-5 years, resulting in a 20%-30% reduction in tobacco yield and a 30%-50% reduction in pea yield. Therefore, the current production mode of farmers' habits has an annual output value of 10.65-13.617 yuan / hm 2 The net income per year is 4.5375-7.5045 yuan / hm 2 .

[0050] 3. Analysis of the characteristics and advantages of the technical mode of the application

[0051] The invention technology mode "corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping pea / barley mode" has annual output value of 185895 yuan / hm 2 , annual net income of 112770 yuan / hm 2 , and the increase of 37725-67395 yuan / hm compared with the current farmer's habit production mode 2 .

[0052] The invention technology mode mainly utilizes the planting time difference from corn or flue-cured tobacco late stage to autumn and winter crops, the short growth time of pea, the high economic value, the low fertilizer requirement and the like, intercropping pea on the corn or tobacco ridge before the corn or flue-cured tobacco is completely harvested, then intercropping barley by using the interval time of 115-140 days from the pea harvesting to the next year flue-cured tobacco or corn planting, the coexistence time of flue-cured tobacco-corn rotation intercropping pea and intercropping barley is about 70 days, the time, space, light and heat and surplus soil nutrient resources are fully utilized between crops, the land re-cropping index is increased to "two years six crops", the economic benefit is greatly improved, the migration of tobacco aphid is induced by the pea seedlings, the tobacco aphid damage is reduced, the occurrence of climate spot disease and red spot disease of upper tobacco leaves in the late growth period of flue-cured tobacco due to the absorption of too much nutrient is prevented, the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco, pea and the like economic crops is effectively reduced, the reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer and pesticide are promoted, the economic, social and environmental benefits are all remarkable, and it is a "grain-tobacco-chemical synergistic development mode" which can realize sustainable and efficient production.

[0053] The invention technology mode mainly utilizes the planting time difference from corn or flue-cured tobacco late stage to autumn and winter crops, the short growth time of pea, the high economic value, the low fertilizer requirement and the like, intercropping pea on the corn or tobacco ridge before the corn or flue-cured tobacco is completely harvested, then intercropping barley by using the interval time of 115-140 days from the pea harvesting to the next year flue-cured tobacco or corn planting, the coexistence time of flue-cured tobacco-corn rotation intercropping pea and intercropping barley is about 70 days, the time, space, light and heat and surplus soil nutrient resources are fully utilized between crops, the land re-cropping index is increased to "two years six crops", the economic benefit is greatly improved, the migration of tobacco aphid is induced by the pea seedlings, the tobacco aphid damage is reduced, the occurrence of climate spot disease and red spot disease of upper tobacco leaves in the late growth period of flue-cured tobacco due to the absorption of too much nutrient is prevented, the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco, pea and the like economic crops is effectively reduced, the reduction and efficiency increase of chemical fertilizer and pesticide are promoted, the economic, social and environmental benefits are all remarkable, and it is a "grain-tobacco-chemical synergistic development mode" which can realize sustainable and efficient production.

[0054] The table: economic benefit comparison of different production modes (yuan / hm 2 )

[0055]

[0056] Secondly, the present application addresses the low land use efficiency, intense competition between crops, and soil fertility decline in existing agricultural crop rotation and interplanting methods. A method of corn-tobacco rotation double interplanting peas / barley is proposed. Traditional crop rotation and interplanting methods often lack comprehensive consideration of the growth needs of different crops, leading to increased competition for resources between crops and affecting crop yield and quality. In addition, traditional methods fail to fully utilize crop straw resources during crop rotation, making it difficult to maintain or improve soil fertility.

[0057] The present application improves land use efficiency and effectively reduces competition for resources between crops by scientifically designing corn, tobacco, peas, and barley rotation and interplanting. After tobacco and corn are harvested, straw is used as a climbing support for peas, achieving no-till interplanting, which not only saves labor costs but also preserves soil organic matter, maintaining soil fertility and structural stability. In addition, pea planting also has nitrogen fixation effects, further improving soil quality and providing good soil conditions for the growth of subsequent crops.

[0058] In the specific implementation process, the present application arranges the planting and harvesting times of different crops reasonably to ensure that crops do not interfere with each other during the critical growth period, maximizing the use of natural resources such as sunlight and water. This scientific time arrangement reduces competition for resources during crop growth, improving overall yield and quality. At the same time, through double interplanting, farmland can maintain high efficiency throughout the year, significantly improving agricultural economic benefits.

[0059] The present application has made significant technical progress based on traditional agricultural crop rotation and interplanting technology. By innovatively using crop straw as a climbing support for peas and scientifically arranging planting times, the present application not only improves land use efficiency and crop yield but also improves soil fertility and structure, promoting the development of sustainable agriculture and providing farmers with an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economic planting model.

[0060] Thirdly, the present application provides a method of corn-tobacco rotation double interplanting peas / barley, solving the technical problems of soil continuous cropping obstacles, crop yield fluctuations, and insufficient disease control in traditional rotation modes. By reasonably arranging the rotation and interplanting sequence of crops, using tobacco and corn straw as a climbing support for peas, and achieving no-till planting, the present application improves land use efficiency, reduces soil erosion and water evaporation, and improves the growth environment of crops.

[0061] In specific implementations, the present application proposes key technical measures to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco and peas, especially in terms of fertilization schemes and pest control. By reasonably applying special formula fertilizers, microbial compound fertilizers, and scientific physical, chemical, and biological comprehensive control techniques, the disease resistance of crops is greatly improved, ensuring the healthy growth of flue-cured tobacco and peas. This systematic approach effectively reduces the impact of diseases on crop yield and quality, improving economic benefits.

[0062] In addition, by adopting the double intercropping mode of peas and barley, the present application improves the multiple cropping index of the land and extends the production cycle of crops. The reasonable combination of peas and barley not only improves the utilization rate of land but also realizes ecological complementarity between different crops, improves soil structure, increases soil fertility, and reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, making it environmentally friendly.

[0063] The present application has made significant technical progress based on existing technology. First, it innovatively uses straw as a climbing support, reducing the pressure of waste disposal in farmland. Second, through scientific fertilization and pest control techniques, the yield and quality of crops are greatly improved. Finally, the rotation and intercropping method of the present application not only improves production efficiency but also realizes sustainable agricultural development, positively promoting the economic benefits of farmers.

[0064] Fourth, the main parameters mentioned in the present application:

[0065] 1. Flue-cured tobacco planting period: mid-to-late April to mid-to-late September.

[0066] 2. Pea planting time: after flue-cured tobacco is harvested in early-to-mid August, straw is used as a support for no-tillage intercropping, and harvesting is completed in mid-to-late December.

[0067] 3. Barley planting time: intercropping barley in late October to early November, and completing harvesting in mid-to-late March of the following year.

[0068] 4. Corn planting time: planting grain corn in early May of the following year, and completing harvesting in mid-to-late September.

[0069] 5. Fertilizer types and application rates: use different formula compound fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, and organic fertilizers according to the growth period of different crops, and reasonably control the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0070] Solve the problems of the prior art:

[0071] 1. Soil continuous cropping obstacles: through rotation and no-tillage intercropping, the present application effectively alleviates the problems of soil nutrient imbalance and high disease incidence caused by long-term single crop planting.

[0072] 2. Competition between crops: The present invention avoids competition for water, nutrients, and space between different crops by arranging the planting sequence of flue-cured tobacco, peas, corn, and barley, and using straw as pea supports, achieving more efficient multiple cropping.

[0073] 3. Pest control: The combination of physical, chemical, and biological control measures solves the problem of single pest control method and poor effect in the prior art.

[0074] Significant technical progress achieved:

[0075] 1. Improved land utilization: The present invention utilizes the same piece of land multiple times through crop rotation and intercropping, making the land almost idle throughout the year, and improving the yield per unit area.

[0076] 2. Optimized soil structure and nutrient cycling: No-till intercropping and the use of microbial fertilizers reduce soil structure damage, enhance soil fertility, and improve crop growth and yield.

[0077] 3. Green ecological production: Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and adopting ecological pest control measures, conforms to the sustainable development direction of modern agriculture, reduces environmental pollution, and promotes the development of green agriculture.

[0078] 4. Increased comprehensive income: Through reasonable multiple crop rotation and intercropping, farmers can obtain more harvests and improve economic efficiency.

[0079] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0080] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping pea / barley method provided by the present invention.

[0081] Figure 2 is a diagram of flue-cured tobacco-intercropped peas-intercropped barley-rotation grain corn-intercropped peas-intercropped barley-rotation flue-cured tobacco provided by the present invention.

[0082] Figure 3 is a diagram of corn-intercropped peas provided by the present invention.

[0083] Figure 4 is a diagram of flue-cured tobacco-intercropped peas provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and do not limit the present invention.

[0085] Example 1: Application of agricultural efficient planting mode

[0086] The corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping pea / barley method of the present application can be applied in agricultural planting areas, especially in areas suitable for field planting, such as hilly areas in the south or dryland agricultural areas. Through reasonable rotation and intercropping, not only the land utilization efficiency is improved, but also the influence of continuous cropping obstacles on crop yield is reduced. In practical application, farmers can realize multiple efficient planting of corn, flue-cured tobacco, peas and barley on the same land through this rotation mode. Due to the scientific arrangement of pea and barley intercropping, the crop planting period is optimized, and farmers can harvest multiple crops in a relatively short period of time, significantly improving the economic benefit per mu of land.

[0087] Example 2: Application of ecological agriculture and green production

[0088] The present application is also applicable to the field of ecological agricultural production. By reducing the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides used, adopting no-tillage intercropping technology, straw utilization technology, and the application of microbial compound fertilizer, the soil structure is protected, and the pollution of chemical residues to the environment is reduced. This method helps to promote green agriculture and sustainable agricultural production mode, and is especially suitable for modern agricultural ecological gardens or organic farms. In such application scenarios, the farm can rely on this rotation mode to reduce land destruction, maintain soil fertility, and improve crop disease resistance, thereby producing more green standard agricultural products to meet the market demand for organic food.

[0089] As shown in FIG. 1, the corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping pea / barley method provided by the present application includes the following steps:

[0090] S101: Flue-cured tobacco transplanting is completed in mid-to-late April to early May of the current year, and flue-cured tobacco harvesting and curing is completed in early August to mid-to-late September:

[0091] S102: In mid-to-late August of the current year, after the lower leaves and middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco are harvested, the flue-cured tobacco straw is used as a climbing support for peas on the tobacco ridge, and the peas are intercropped without tillage, and the harvesting is completed in mid-to-late December:

[0092] S103: Pea intercropping with barley is carried out in late October to early November of the current year, and the harvesting is completed in mid-to-late March of the next year:

[0093] S104: Grain corn is planted in early May of the next year, and the harvesting is completed in mid-to-late September:

[0094] S105: In mid-to-late August of the next year, corn straw is used as a climbing support for peas on the corn ridge, and the peas are intercropped without tillage, and the harvesting is completed in mid-to-late December;

[0095] S106: Pea intercropping with barley is carried out in early November of the next year or late October to the end of March to early April of the third year:

[0096] S107: From the middle and late of April to the early of May of the third year, the cycle planting is carried out according to S101 to S106.

[0097] The embodiment of the present application provides an innovative corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double intercropping peas / barley planting method, which realizes efficient use of land and sustainable output of crops through ingenious rotation and intercropping design.

[0098] Firstly, the method carries out the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco in the middle and late of April to the early of May of the current year, and completes the harvesting and curing of flue-cured tobacco from the early of August to the middle and late of September. This step lays the foundation for subsequent intercropping and rotation, and ensures the timely growth and harvesting of flue-cured tobacco.

[0099] Then, in the middle and early of August, the flue-cured tobacco straw is used as the climbing support of peas for no-tillage intercropping of peas. This intercropping method not only saves land and labor, but also fully utilizes the resources of flue-cured tobacco straw to provide support for the growth of peas. The harvesting of peas is completed in the middle and late of December, further enriching the diversity of crops.

[0100] Then, in the late of October to the early of November of the current year, the intercropping of barley with peas is carried out. The planting of barley is in line with the harvesting time of peas, realizing the continuous use of land. The harvesting of barley is completed in the middle and late of March of the next year, providing space for subsequent rotation planting.

[0101] Finally, the method carries out rotation planting of grain corn in the early of May of the next year, and completes the harvesting in the middle and late of September. The planting of corn brings new nutrient cycling and pest control effect to the land. Subsequently, in the middle and late of August of the next year, the corn straw is used as the climbing support of peas for no-tillage intercropping of peas. This rotation and intercropping cycle mode continues, and from the third year, the steps of S101 to S106 are carried out for cycle planting, realizing efficient and sustainable use of land and diversified output of crops.

[0102] The embodiment of the present application provides that the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco is completed in the middle and late of April to the early of May of the current year, and the harvesting and curing of flue-cured tobacco is completed from the early of August to the middle and late of September; the key technical measures for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco during the planting process of flue-cured tobacco are as follows:

[0103] Step (1) Turn over the soil, sun the field, raise the ridge, and dig the pond 15 days before planting tobacco, the depth of turning over the soil is more than 30 cm, the height of raising the ridge is about 25 cm, the width of the ridge body is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 110-120 cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm;

[0104] Step (2) evenly spread slaked lime for soil disinfection before deep ploughing, the slaked lime application amount is determined according to the soil pH value, for example, the slaked lime application amount for the soil with pH value of 4.0-5.0 is preferably not more than 2250 kg / hm 2 ; the slaked lime application amount for the soil with pH value of 5.0-5.5 is preferably between 1500-2250 kg / hm 2 ; the soil with pH value of 5.5 or above does not need slaked lime;

[0105] Step (2) apply base fertilizer, the fertilizer variety 1 is a formula fertilizer special for flue-cured tobacco, for example, N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:18, the pure N amount is 81 kg / hm 2 , the formula fertilizer amount is 540 kg / hm 2 ; the fertilizer variety 2 is a disease-inhibiting or disease-resistant high-potassium biological organic fertilizer (organic matter >=30%, total nutrient N+P2O5+K2O >=6%, K2O >=3%, effective viable bacterial number of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens + Bacillus subtilis >=0.2 billion / g), the amount is calculated according to that the pure N (N) accounts for 20%-30% of the total N (N), the organic fertilizer amount is 3000-4500 kg / hm 2 ; according to the total N:P2O5:K2O application amount ratio of 1:1:3, the insufficient P2O5 and K2O are respectively supplemented by fertilizer variety 3 superphosphate (P2O5 >=14%) and fertilizer variety 4 potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%), the amounts are respectively superphosphate 386 kg / hm2 and potassium sulfate 3266 kg / hm 2 ; the flue-cured tobacco special formula fertilizer, the organic fertilizer, the superphosphate and the potassium sulfate are mixed or applied respectively as base fertilizer, the time is before the flue-cured tobacco transplanting, and the fertilization method is pond application;

[0106] Step (3) apply conventional topdressing, the fertilizer variety 3 is nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (N:K2O=12.5:33.5), the pure N amount is 54 kg / hm 2 , the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer amount is 432 kg / hm 2 , the nitrogen-potassium fertilizer is applied as topdressing about 25 days after transplanting (clump period), and the fertilization method is irrigation by mixing with water.

[0107] The flue-cured tobacco stalk is used as a pea climbing support on the tobacco ridge to no-till interplant pea in the middle and lower leaves of the flue-cured tobacco in the early and middle of August, and the pea is harvested in the middle and late of December; the interplanting procedures and the key technical measures for relieving the pea continuous cropping obstacles are as follows:

[0108] Step (1) remove weeds and debris in the tobacco field, after the middle of the tobacco leaves are harvested, in the tobacco ridge ridge body in the row of tobacco plants open 5 cm or so shallow ditch, select suitable for autumn sowing disease-resistant pea varieties, sowing in the shallow ditch; Pea before using the anti-root rot agent and insecticide seed coating or seed dressing, sowing time double grain, plant spacing of 3 cm, pea seeding depth of 5 cm or so;

[0109] Step (2) when the pea seedling height 10-15 cm, in the tobacco plant on both sides of the young pea top fixed a thick line, using fine cotton thread with the top of the pea vine and thick line fixed, so that the pea vine vertically upward;

[0110] Step (3) in the pea seedling stage and on the shelf period, use disease-suppressive or disease-resistant microbial compound fertilizer, it is appropriate to use balanced nutrient compound fertilizer, pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 30 kg / hm 2 , N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, compound fertilizer application amount is 200 kg / hm 2 , the application method is suitable for rhizosphere hole application, or using strip application;

[0111] Step (4) in the initial flowering and full flowering stage of pea, respectively, 1 times high potassium type compound fertilizer, it is appropriate to use water-soluble compound fertilizer, pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 15 kg / hm 2 , for example, N:P2O5:K2O=10:5:30, compound fertilizer application amount is 150 kg / hm 2 , the application method is suitable for irrigation;

[0112] Step (5) in the pea pod stage, after each harvest of green pod, 1 times water-soluble high potassium compound fertilizer as in step (4), pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 15 kg / hm 2 , compound fertilizer application amount is 150 kg / hm 2 , the application method is suitable for irrigation;

[0113] Step (6) combined physical control (yellow plate), chemical control and biological control, comprehensive control of pea disease and pest, the key technical measures are as follows:

[0114] Pea seedling stage: when the pea seedling height 10-15 cm, using 600 times liquid 5 mg / L mineral source fulvic acid potassium spray pea seedling and tobacco plant roots, every 5-7 d spray 1 times, a total of 2-3 times;

[0115] Pea seedling middle and late stage: application of 42.8% fluoro fungicides. oxycodone and 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 600 times liquid;

[0116] Pea pod stage: mix 98% polyethylene glycol and 95% azone according to the volume ratio of 1:2, dilute into 13000 times solution, spray on pea seedlings, and spray 10% bromocypermazine dispersible oil suspension;

[0117] 7-10 days before the peak of adult emergence: insert 225-300 yellow boards per hm2;

[0118] Step (7) stop using chemical agents 15-20 days before pea harvesting, and start harvesting green pods in batches 25 days after the pea withering, and store the green pods in a cool and ventilated place;

[0119] After each time of harvesting green pods, apply a mixed solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea and 0.2% boron fertilizer on the leaf surface of the pea seedlings, and the spraying amount of the mixed solution is 75kg / hm 2 .

[0120] The pea is sowed in the late October to the early November of the current year, and the harvesting is completed in the middle and late March of the next year, and the planting specifications and fertilization technical regulations are as follows:

[0121] Step (1) dig a 5cm deep ditch on the two sides of the tobacco ridge body about 10-15cm, sow the early-maturing barley variety in the ditch by artificial or mechanical sowing, and the sowing amount is 900-1125kg / hm 2 , so as to ensure that the basic seedlings are about 1.5 million per hm 2 , and the row spacing of the barley is 20-25cm;

[0122] Step (2) sow in the late October to the early November under the condition that the soil moisture is sufficient, so as to ensure that the seedlings are full, uniform and strong, and the drought and cold resistance is increased;

[0123] Step (3) after the pea is picked, the tobacco plants, pea plants and sundries are cleaned out of the field in time, and compound fertilizer is applied, preferably the balanced nutrient water-soluble compound fertilizer, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, the pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 20kg / hm 2 , the compound fertilizer amount is 133kg / hm 2 , and the application mode is preferably watering after mixing with water; urea (N≧46%) is applied once at the jointing stage and the early heading stage of the barley respectively, and the pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 70kg / hm 2 , and the urea amount is 150kg / hm 2 .

[0124] The seedling corn is planted in the early May of the next year, and the harvesting is completed in the middle and late September, and the planting specifications and key technical regulations are as follows:

[0125] Step (1) 10-15 days before corn planting, deep ploughing, ridging and ponding are carried out, and 3000-4500 kg / hm of organic fertilizer is applied before deep ploughing 2 , the depth of ploughing is 20-30 cm, the height of ridging is about 25 cm, the width of ridge is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 90 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm;

[0126] Step (2) timely sowing: after the rain, when the soil is wet, corn seeds are sown in the corn ridge, 3 seeds per hole, then the film is covered on the surface, and after 5-7 days of germination, the holes are broken, the seedlings are dug, the seedlings are thinned, and the seedlings are supplemented, 2 plants are left in each pond, and the strong seedlings are supplemented in time to achieve balanced growth of seedlings in the whole field;

[0127] Step (3) sufficient base fertilizer: balanced compound fertilizer is preferably used, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, the pure nitrogen (N) amount is 112.5 kg / hm 2 , and the compound fertilizer amount is 750 kg / hm 2 ; the application method is preferably ditch strip application;

[0128] Step (4) timely topdressing: at the jointing stage, single element nitrogen fertilizer is applied once, and urea (containing N, 46%) is preferably used, the pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 37.5 kg / hm 2 , and the urea amount is 81.5 kg / hm 2 ; at the pre-heading stage, single element nitrogen fertilizer is applied once as ear fertilizer, and urea (N≧46%) is preferably used, the pure nitrogen (N) application amount is 75 kg / hm 2 , and the urea amount is 163 kg / hm 2 ; the application method is preferably water irrigation or rain ditch strip application.

[0129] The current farmer's habit production mode (control): flue-cured tobacco-pea-flue-cured tobacco-pea-flue-cured tobacco-pea continuous cropping mode.

[0130] First step: flue-cured tobacco transplanting is completed in late April to early May, and flue-cured tobacco harvesting and curing are completed in early August to mid-September. The conventional planting specifications and conventional fertilization measures of flue-cured tobacco are as follows:

[0131] Step (1) 10-15 days before tobacco planting, ploughing, ridging and ponding are carried out, the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, the ridging height is about 25 cm, the ridge width is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 110-120 cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm.

[0132] Step (2) conventional base fertilizer is applied, and fertilizer variety 1 is flue-cured tobacco special formula fertilizer, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:18, the pure N application amount accounts for 60% of the total N application amount, and the pure nitrogen (N) amount is 81 kg / hm 2, the formula fertilizer is 540 kg / hm 2 ; the fertilizer variety 2 is organic fertilizer, and high potassium organic fertilizer is suitable, such as organic fertilizer (organic matter >= 30%, total nutrient N+P2O5+K2O >= 6%, K2O >= 3%), and the use amount is calculated according to that pure nitrogen (N) accounts for 20%-30% of total nitrogen (N), and the organic fertilizer use amount is 3000-4500 kg / hm 2 ; according to the total use amount ratio of N:P2O5:K2O 1:1:3, the insufficient parts of P2O5 and K2O are respectively supplemented by fertilizer variety 3 superphosphate (P2O5 >= 14%) and fertilizer variety 4 potassium sulfate (K2O >= 50%), and the use amounts are respectively superphosphate 386 kg / hm 2 and potassium sulfate 3266 kg / hm 2 ; the special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, the organic fertilizer, the superphosphate and the potassium sulfate are mixed or respectively used as base fertilizer, and the time is before transplanting of the flue-cured tobacco, and the fertilization method is pond fertilization.

[0133] Step (3) is conventional topdressing, the fertilizer variety 3 is nitrogen and potassium fertilizer (N:K2O = 12.5:33.5), and the pure N use amount accounts for 40% of total nitrogen amount, and the pure nitrogen (N) amount is 54 kg / hm 2 , and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer use amount is 432 kg / hm 2 ; the fertilization method is irrigation after 25 days (tobacco seedling period) after transplanting.

[0134] Second step: in the middle and late August of the same year, after the lower leaves and middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco are harvested, the flue-cured tobacco stalks are used as climbing support columns for peas on the tobacco ridge, and the peas are no-tillage intercropped, and the harvesting is completed in the middle and late December. The intercropping procedures and the key technical measures for relieving the continuous cropping obstacles of the peas are the same as the second step of the technical mode measures of the present application.

[0135] Third step: starting from the middle and late April to the early May of the next year, the flue-cured tobacco-pea-flue-cured tobacco-pea rotation planting mode is carried out according to the first step and the second step.

[0136] Fig. 2 is a diagram of flue-cured tobacco-intercropped peas-intercropped barley-rotation grain corn-intercropped peas-intercropped barley-rotation flue-cured tobacco.

[0137] Fig. 3 is a diagram of corn-intercropped peas.

[0138] Fig. 4 is a diagram of flue-cured tobacco-intercropped peas.

[0139] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, and any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the technical range disclosed by the present application and within the spirit and principle of the present application should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A corn-flue-cured tobacco rotation double cropping method of peas / barley, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: Step 1: when the year April to May, complete the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco, early August to mid-September, complete the flue-cured tobacco harvesting and curing: Step 2: when the year August, in the lower leaves and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco harvesting, on the ridge of tobacco using tobacco straw as pea climbing support, no-tillage intercropping peas, in mid-December to complete the harvest: Step 3: when the year October to November, peas intercropped with barley, to the end of March to complete the harvest: Step 4: the next year in May, rotation planting of grain corn, to the end of September to complete the harvest: Step 5: the next year in August, on the ridge of corn, using corn straw as pea climbing support, no-tillage intercropping peas, to the end of December to complete the harvest; Step 6: the next year in November or late October to the end of March to the next year in April, intercropping peas with barley; Step 7: from the next year in mid-April to May, according to steps 1 to 6, the cycle of planting is carried out.

2. The corn-flue-cured tobacco relay double cropping peas / barley method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The year in April to May, complete the transplanting of flue-cured tobacco, early August to mid-September, complete the flue-cured tobacco harvesting and curing; the key technical measures for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of flue-cured tobacco during the planting process are as follows: Step (1) 15 days before planting tobacco, turn over the soil, sun the field, build ridges, and dig ponds, the depth of turning over the soil is more than 30 cm, the height of the ridges is about 25 cm, the width of the ridges is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 110-120 cm, and the plant spacing is 50-60 cm; Step (2) evenly spread lime before deep ploughing for soil disinfection, lime application amount is determined according to the pH value of the soil, such as the pH value of the soil is 4.0-5.0, the lime application amount is preferably not more than 2250 kg / hm 2 ; the pH value of the soil is 5.0-5.5, the lime application amount is preferably between 1500-2250 kg / hm 2 ; the pH value of the soil is 5.5 or more, no lime is applied. Step (2) base fertilizer, the application of fertilizer variety 1 is special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:18, with the pure N application amount accounting for 60% of the total N application amount, the pure N amount is 81 kg / hm 2 , the formula fertilizer dosage is 540 kg / hm 2 ; the fertilizer variety 2 is the application of disease-inhibiting or disease-resistant high-potassium biological organic fertilizer, the dosage is calculated according to the pure N amount accounting for 20%-30% of the total N application amount, the organic fertilizer application amount is 3000-4500 kg / hm2; according to the total N:P2O5:K2O application amount ratio of 1:1:3, the insufficient parts of P2O5 and K2O are respectively supplemented by fertilizer variety 3 superphosphate and fertilizer variety 4 potassium sulfate, the dosages are respectively superphosphate 386 kg / hm 2 , potassium sulfate 3266 kg / hm 2 ; the special formula fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, organic fertilizer, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are mixed or applied respectively as base fertilizer, the time is before the flue-cured tobacco transplanting, and the fertilization method is pond application; Step (3) is a regular topdressing, the fertilizer variety 3 is a nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, the pure N application amount accounts for 40% of the total N application amount, the pure N amount is 54 kg / hm 2 , the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer amount is 432 kg / hm 2 , and the topdressing is applied at about 25 days after transplanting (the rosette stage), and the fertilization method is watering.

3. The corn-flue-cured tobacco relay doublecropping method of peas / barley according to claim 1, characterized in that, The year in August, in the lower leaves and middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco harvesting, on the ridge of tobacco using tobacco straw as pea climbing support, no-tillage intercropping peas, in mid-December to complete the harvest; the key technical measures for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of peas are as follows: Step (1) remove the weeds and sundries in the field of flue-cured tobacco, after the middle leaves of flue-cured tobacco are harvested, open shallow trenches of about 5 cm on the ridge of the tobacco plants, select a suitable disease-resistant pea variety for autumn sowing, and sow in the shallow trenches; before sowing the peas, use an anti-root rot agent and an insecticide powder to coat or mix the seeds, sow two seeds per hole with a spacing of 3 cm, and the sowing depth of the peas is about 5 cm; Step (2) when the pea seedlings are 10-15 cm high, fix a thick line on the upper end of the tobacco stalk on both sides of the pea seedlings, and use fine cotton thread to fix the top of the pea vine to the thick line, so that the pea vine extends vertically upward; Step (3) apply disease-suppressing or disease-resistant microbial compound fertilizer at the seedling and shelf stages of peas, and it is appropriate to apply nutrient-balanced compound fertilizer, with a pure nitrogen application rate of 30 kg / hm 2 , with N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, and a compound fertilizer application rate of 200 kg / hm 2 , and the application method is preferably rhizosphere hole application or strip application; Step (4) in the initial flowering and full flowering of pea, respectively, 1 time high potassium compound fertilizer, with water-soluble compound fertilizer is appropriate, the pure nitrogen application amount is 15 kg / hm 2 , for example, N:P2O5:K2O=10:5:30, the compound fertilizer application amount is 150 kg / hm 2 , the application method should be mixed with water irrigation; Step (5) at the podding stage of peas, after each harvest of green pods, apply once the water-soluble high-potassium compound fertilizer as in step (4), the pure nitrogen application amount is 15 kg / hm 2 , the compound fertilizer application amount is 150 kg / hm 2 , and the application method is preferably watering after mixing with water; Step (6) combine physical control, chemical control, and biological control to comprehensively prevent and control the diseases and pests of peas, and the key technical measures are as follows: Pea seedling stage: when the pea seedlings are 10-15 cm high, use 5 mg / L of mineral source fulvic acid potassium at a concentration of 600 times to spray the roots of the pea seedlings and tobacco plants, spray every 5-7 days, a total of 2-3 times; Mid-late stage of pea seedlings: apply 42.8% fludioxonil·mandipropamid suspension concentrate and 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder at a concentration of 600 times; Pea flower and pod stage: mix 98% polyethylene glycol and 95% aminotriacetate at a volume ratio of 1:2 to dilute into 13000 times solution and spray on the pea seedlings, and spray 10% broflanvalicarb dispersible oil suspension concentrate. 7-10 days before the peak of adult emergence: 225-300 sheets / hm 2 Yellow board; Step (7) stop using chemical agents 15-20 days before pea harvest, pea after 25 days of flower batch harvesting green pods, green pods in a cool place to save ventilation; After each harvest of green pods, a mixed solution of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea and 0.2% boron fertilizer is applied to the surface of the pea seedling leaves, and the spraying amount of the mixed solution is 75 kg / hm 2 .

4. The corn-flue-cured tobacco relay doublecropping method of peas / barley according to claim 1, characterized in that, The late October to early November of the same year pea interplanting barley, to the middle and late March of the next year to complete the harvest, planting specifications and fertilization technical regulations: Step (1) in the tobacco ridge body on both sides of the pea 10-15 cm or so, open 5 cm or so deep ditch, select early maturity barley varieties, artificial strip or mechanical seeding in the ditch, the amount of 900-1125 kg / hm 2 , to ensure that the basic seedlings 150 million g / hm 2 or so, barley row spacing of 20-25 cm; Step (2) sowing time in late October to early November under the condition of sufficient soil moisture to seize the sowing, to ensure seedling, seedling, seedling, seedling, increase drought resistance, cold resistance; Step (3) after the peas are picked, the tobacco plants, pea plants and sundries are cleaned out of the field in time, and compound fertilizer is applied, preferably a balanced nutrient water-soluble compound fertilizer, such as N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15, with a pure nitrogen application amount of 20 kg / hm 2 , a compound fertilizer amount of 133 kg / hm 2 , and an application method of irrigation with water; at the jointing stage and the early heading stage of barley, 1 time of urea is applied each time, with a pure nitrogen application amount of 70 kg / hm 2 , and a urea amount of 150 kg / hm 2 .

5. The corn-flue-cured tobacco relay doublecropping method of peas / barley according to claim 1, characterized in that, The early May of the next year rotation planting grain corn, to the middle and late September to complete the harvest, planting specifications and key technical regulations: Step (1) 10-15 days before planting corn, deep ploughing, ridging, and ponding, and 3000-4500 kg / hm of organic fertilizer is applied before deep ploughing 2 The depth of turning over the soil is 20-30 cm, the height of the ridge is about 25 cm, the width of the ridge is about 30 cm, the row spacing is 90 cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm; Step (2) timely sowing: after the rain, while the soil is wet on the corn ridge pond sowing corn kernels, 3 per hole, then, on the surface of the soil film, wait for 5-7 d, break the hole, dig seedling, every pond leave 2 plants, lack of pond should be timely replacement of seedlings, to achieve the whole field seedling growth balance; Step (3) apply base fertilizer: it is appropriate to apply nutrient balanced compound fertilizer, such as N:P205:K20=15:15:15, pure nitrogen dosage is 112.5 kg / hm 2 , compound fertilizer dosage is 750 kg / hm 2 , and the application mode is preferably ditch strip application; Step (4) and topdressing: in the jointing stage, 1 time single element nitrogen fertilizer is chased, with the application of urea being appropriate, the application amount of pure nitrogen of the chase is 37.5 kg / hm 2 , the urea amount is 81.5 kg / hm 2 ; in the pre-heading stage, 1 time single element nitrogen fertilizer is chased again, as ear fertilizer, with the application of urea being appropriate, the application amount of pure nitrogen of the chase is 75 kg / hm 2 , the urea amount is 163 kg / hm 2 ; the topdressing mode is appropriate to adopt water irrigation or rainwater ditch strip application.

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