Sulfate free personal care rinse off composition
The use of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant in sulfate-free personal care products addresses thickening challenges, offering improved performance and sustainability in rinse off compositions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115738
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Consumer trends in sulfate-free personal care products face challenges in thickening due to the lack of effective, biodegradable surfactants, as conventional polymer rheology modifiers are not environmentally friendly and alkyl polyglucosides show limited efficacy.
An aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprising dermatologically acceptable anionic and amphoteric surfactants, along with an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant, which provides improved thickening performance and biodegradability.
The composition achieves enhanced thickening and foam performance while maintaining sustainability, using naturally derived and biodegradable surfactants.
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Figure CN2024115738_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SULFATE FREE PERSONAL CARE RINSE OFF COMPOSITION
[0001] The present invention relates to a sulfate free aqueous personal care rinse off composition. In particular, the present invention relates to an aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0002] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; and wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant.
[0003] Consumer trends in rinse off personal care products are moving away from sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) based formulations and towards sulfate free surfactant systems where amino acid surfactants and other anionic surfactants such as isethionates are replacing SLES. Thickening is a key challenge in such SLES free formulations because the replacement surfactants generally do not form worm like micelles under practical formulation conditions. This problem is typically addressed through the use of polymeric rheology modifiers.
[0004] However, conventional polymer rheology modifiers tend to exhibit poor biodegradability, are typically derived from petroleum and as such are not considered to be environmentally acceptable or renewable materials.
[0005] Alkyl polyglucosides have been proposed as an alternative for use as thickeners in mixed surfactant personal care systems. However, such alkyl polyglucosides show limited efficacy for thickening sulfate free surfactant systems to desirable viscosity with low use levels.
[0006] Accordingly, there remains a need for alternative thickening surfactants that are effective at thickening a variety of sulfate free surfactant based personal care rinse off compositions, but also are naturally derived and biodegradable with an improved sustainability profile.
[0007] The present invention provides an aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0008] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; and wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant.
[0009] The present invention provides an aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates, taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates, sulfoacetates, alaninates, sulfonates, succinates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in RT and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; and wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant.
[0010] The present invention provides an aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates, taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates, sulfoacetates, alaninates, sulfonates, succinates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, amphoacetates, sultaines and mixtures thereof; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; and wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant.
[0011] The present invention provides an aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates, taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates, sulfoacetates, alaninates, sulfonates, succinates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, amphoacetates, sultaines and mixtures thereof; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; and wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I, comprises 90 to 100 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition.
[0012] The present invention provides an aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates, taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates, sulfoacetates, alaninates, sulfonates, succinates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant, wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, amphoacetates, sultaines and mixtures thereof; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I, comprises 90 to 100 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition; and wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 1.5 ppm of 1, 4 dioxane.
[0013] The present invention provides a method of cleaning at least one of mammalian skin and hair, comprising: applying an aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention to the skin or hair of a mammal; and rinsing the aqueous personal care rinse off composition from the skin or hair with a rinse water.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] We have surprisingly found that aqueous personal care rinse off compositions comprising sulfate free surfactants including an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0015] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; provide dramatically improved thickening performance over similar formulations containing linear alkyl polyglucosides, while retaining similar to improved foam performance.
[0016] All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise stated.
[0017] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this application unless a date is indicated with the test method number as a hyphenated two-digit number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. Test method organizations are referenced by one of the following abbreviations: ASTM refers to ASTM International (formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials) ; EN refers to European Norm; DIN refers to Deutsches Institut für Normung; and ISO refers to International Organization for Standards.
[0018] IUPAC codes describing Crystal structures as delineated by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association refer to the most recent designation as of the priority date of this document unless otherwise indicated.
[0019] Unless otherwise indicated, ratios, percentages, parts, and the like are by mass (e.g., “ppm” means parts per million by mass) .
[0020] The term "dermatologically acceptable" as used herein and in the appended refers to ingredients that are typically used for topical application to the skin, and is intended to underscore that materials that are toxic when present in the amounts typically found in skin care compositions are not contemplated as part of the present invention.
[0021] The term “elevated thermal stability” as used herein and in the appended claims in reference to an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I means that the surfactant when heated to 110 ℃ contains < 9 ppm (preferably, < 8 ppm; more preferably, < 7 ppm; still more preferably, < 6 ppm; yet more preferably, < 5 ppm; still yet more preferably, < 4 ppm; even more preferably, < 3 ppm; still even more preferably, < 2 ppm; yet even more preferably, < 1 ppm; most preferably, < 0.5 ppm) of 1, 4 dioxane (preferably, wherein the 1, 4 dioxane content is measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) ) .
[0022] The term “enhanced thermal stability” as used herein and in the appended claims in reference to an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I means that the surfactant when heated to 280 ℃ contains < 10 ppm, based on solids weight of the surfactant, of 1, 4 dioxane (preferably, wherein the 1, 4 dioxane content is measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) ) .
[0023] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, a conditioning shampoo, a body wash, an exfoliating body wash, a facial wash, an exfoliating facial wash and a liquid hand soap. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, a conditioning shampoo, body wash, a facial wash and a liquid hand soap. Most preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of a shampoo and a conditioning shampoo.
[0024] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle (preferably, 25 to 98.9 wt% (more preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle) ; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant (preferably, 0.5 to 30 wt% (more preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant) ; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant (preferably, 0.5 to 30 wt% (more preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant) ; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I (preferably, 0.1 to 20 wt% (more preferably, 0.25 to 15 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 10 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 6 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I)
[0025] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; and wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant.
[0026] More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle (preferably, 25 to 98.9 wt% (more preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle) ; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant (preferably, 0.5 to 30 wt% (more preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant) ; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant (preferably, 0.5 to 30 wt% (more preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant) ; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I (preferably, 0.1 to 20 wt%(more preferably, 0.25 to 15 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 10 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 6 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I) ; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; and with any one or more of the following additional provisos (i) - (iv) (all provisos taken individually, all possible combinations of two or more provisos and all of the provisos together are contemplated) :
[0027] (i) with the proviso that the aqueous cleaning composition comprises 0 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous cleaning composition, of a nonionic surfactant of formula IV
[0028] R3(OC2H4) aOH (IV)
[0029] wherein R3 is a C10-18 alkyl group and wherein a is an average of 2 to 9;
[0030] (ii) with the proviso that the aqueous cleaning composition comprises < 0.01 wt% (preferably, < 0.001 wt%; more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still more preferably, < 0.00001 wt%; yet more preferably, less than the detectable limit; most preferably, 0 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous cleaning composition, of a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant having 2 chains which contain an average of 16 to 22 carbon atoms;
[0031] (iii) with the proviso that if the aqueous cleaning composition comprises a nonionic surfactant of formula IV
[0032] R3(OC2H4) aOH (IV)
[0033] wherein R3 is a C10-18 alkyl group and wherein a is an average of 2 to 9, then the weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of formula IV to the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy polyglycoside surfactant of formula I in the aqueous cleaning composition is >7: 1 (preferably, > 8: 1; more preferably, > 9: 1; most preferably, > 10: 1) ; and
[0034] (iv) with the proviso that if the aqueous cleaning composition comprises (a) a nonionic surfactant of formula IV
[0035] R3(OC2H4) aOH (IV)
[0036] wherein R3 is a C10-18 alkyl group and wherein a is an average of 2 to 9; and (b) a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant having 2 chains which contain an average of 16 to 22 carbon atoms; then the weight ratio of (a) + the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to (b) in the aqueous cleaning composition is < 3: 1 (preferably, < 2: 1; more preferably, < 1.5: 1; most preferably, < 1.25: 1) or > 9: 1 (preferably, > 10: 1; more preferably, > 11: 1; most preferably, > 12: 1) .
[0037] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 25 to 98.9 wt% (preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises: 25 to 98.9 wt%(more preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle comprises water. Still more preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises: 25 to 98.9 wt% (more preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle is selected from the group consisting of water and an aqueous C1-4 alcohol mixture. Most preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises: 25 to 98.9 wt% (more preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle, wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle is water.
[0038] Preferably, the water used in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention is at least one of distilled water and deionized water. More preferably, the water used in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention is distilled and deionized.
[0039] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates (e.g., sodium cocoyl glycinate) , taurates (e.g., sodium methyl cocoyl taurate) , glutamates (e.g., sodium cocoyl glutamate) , sarcosinates (e.g., sodium lauroyl sarcosinate) , isethionates (e.g., sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate) , sulfoacetates (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfoacetate) , alaninates (e.g., sodium cocoyl alaninate) , sulfonates (e.g., sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate) , succinates (e.g., disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate) , carboxylates (e.g., sodium lauryl glucose carboxylate) and mixtures thereof. Still more preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates, sarcosinates, isethionates, alaninates, sulfonates and mixtures thereof. Yet more preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant includes a sarcosinate. Most preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
[0040] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines (e.g., alkyl betaines such as trimethylglycine and cetyl betaine; and amido betaines such as cocamidopropyl betaine) , amphoacetates (e.g., sodium cocoamphoacetate) , sultaines (e.g., cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine) and mixtures thereof. Still more preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt% (preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant includes an amido betaine. Most preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises 0.5 to 30 wt%(preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant is cocamidopropyl betaine.
[0041] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 20 wt% (preferably, 0.25 to 15 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 10 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 6 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0042] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) . The number of carbons present in R1 and R2 and the value of n are all determined according to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization provided below. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 20 wt% (preferably, 0.25 to 15 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 10 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 6 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I;
[0043] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; and with any one or more of the following additional provisos (i) - (v) (all provisos taken individually, all possible combinations of two or more provisos and all of the provisos together are contemplated) :
[0044] (i) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 0.01 wt% (preferably, < 0.001 wt%; more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still more preferably, less than detectable limit; most preferably, 0 wt%) of molecules comprising disaccharide moieties selected from the group consisting of lactose, melibiose, maltose and cellobiose;
[0045] (ii) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 1.5 ppm (preferably, < 1.25 ppm; more preferably, < 1.2 ppm; still more preferably, < 1.15 ppm; yet more preferably, < 1.1 ppm; still yet more preferably, < 1 ppm; yet still more preferably, < 0.5 ppm; still even more preferably, < 0.3 ppm; yet even more preferably, < 0.2 ppm; still yet even more preferably, < 0.1 ppm; most preferably, less than the detectable limit) of 1, 4 dioxane (preferably, wherein the 1, 4 dioxane content is measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) ) ;
[0046] (iii) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycose surfactant of formula I contains < 2 wt% (preferably, < 1.75 wt%; more preferably, < 1.5 wt%; still more preferably, < 1.25 wt%; yet more preferably, < 1.1 wt%; most preferably, ≤ 1 wt%) , based on solids weight of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycose surfactant of formula I, of an acyclic branched alcohol glycoside of formula III
[0047] wherein R1, R2, Z and x are as described above;
[0048] (iv) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I has elevated thermal stability (preferably, wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I has enhanced thermal stability) ; and
[0049] (v) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I comprises 90 to 100 wt% (preferably, 95 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 97.5 to 100 wt%; still more preferably, 98 to 100 wt%; yet more preferably, 99 to 100 wt%; still yet more preferably, 99.5 to 100 wt%; yet still more preferably, 99.9 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 100 wt%) , based on weight of the hard surface cleaning formulation, of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the hard surface cleaning formulation.
[0050] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises (e) an additive selected from the group consisting of an absorbent; an aesthetic enhancer (e.g., starch) ; an alpha hydroxy acid; an antiaging agent; an antidandruff agent; an antifungal; an antimicrobial agent; an antioxidant (e.g., butylated hydroxytoluene) ; an antiseptic; an antistatic agent; a bioactive agent; a bleaching agent; a cationic surfactant; a chelating agent; a colorant; a conditioning agent (e.g., silicone, polyquaternium, cationic guar) ; a dye; an emollient; an emulsifying agent; a film former (e.g., water proofing agent) ; a fixative polymer; a foaming agent; a fragrance; a hard particle; a humectant (e.g., glycerin, sorbitol, monoglycerides, lecithins, glycolipids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, sorbitan esters, polysorbates (e.g., Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 40, Polysorbate 60, and Polysorbate 80) , diols (e.g., propylene glycol) , diol analogs, triols, triol analogs, cationic polymeric polyols) ; a lubricating agent; a nonionic surfactant other than an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glucoside surfactant of formula I; an opacifier; a pearlizing agent; a penetrant; a pH adjusting agent; a pigment; a plant extract; a preservative (e.g., benzoic acid, sorbic acid, phenoxyethanol) ; a protein / amino acid; a rheology modifier; a salt (e.g., NaCl) ; a sensory modifier; a slip agent; a soap; a soft particle; a sunscreen additive; a suspending agent; a UV light inhibitor; a vitamin and mixtures thereof.
[0051] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises 0 to 10 wt% (preferably, 0.1 to 3 wt%; more preferably, 0.2 to 2 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a salt (e.g., NaCl) .
[0052] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises an antimicrobial agent. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises an antimicrobial agent; wherein the antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, DMDM hydantoin, 2-ethylhexyl glyceryl ether and isothiazolinone (e.g., methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone) . Still more preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises an antimicrobial agent; wherein the antimicrobial agent is an isothiazolinone (more preferably, wherein the antimicrobial is selected from the group consisting of methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone and mixtures thereof; most preferably, wherein the biocide is methylisothiazolinone) .
[0053] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises a cationic surfactant. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rins off composition of the present invention, further comprises a cationic surfactant; wherein the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonia compounds (e.g., behentrimonium chloride, cetrimonium chloride) , amine-based surfactants (e.g., stearamidopropyl dimethylamine) and mixtures thereof.
[0054] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises a nonionic surfactant other than the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse of composition of the present invention, further comprises a nonionic surfactant, other than the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I, selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohols (e.g., cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol) and fatty alkanolamides (e.g., cocamide monoethanolamine, cocamide, diethanolamine, soyamide diethanolamine, lauramide diethanolamine, oleamide monoisopropanolamine, stearamide monoethanolamine, myristamide monoethanolamine, lauramide monoethanolamine, capramide diethanolamine, ricinoleamide diethanolamine, myristamide diethanolamine, stearamide diethanolamine, oleylamide diethanolamine, tallowamide diethanolamine, lauramide monoisopropanolamine, tallowamide monoethanolamine, isostearamide diethanolamine, isostearamide diethanolamine, isostearamide monoethanolamine) .
[0055] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises a pH adjusting agent. More preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, further comprises a pH adjusting agent; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition has a pH of 4.5 to 9 (preferably, 5 to 8; most preferably, 5 to 7) .
[0056] Preferably, the pH adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of at least one of citric acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, aminoethyl propanediol, triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. More preferably, the pH adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of at least one of citric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Still more preferably, the pH adjusting agent includes is triethanolamine. Most preferably, the pH adjusting agent is triethanolamine.
[0057] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition has a viscosity > 1, 500 cP at 21 ℃ (preferably, 2,000 to 50,000 cP at 21 ℃; more preferably, 2,500 to 30,000 cP at 21 ℃;still more preferably, 3,000 to 25,000 cP at 21 ℃; yet more preferably, 4,000 to 20,000 cP at 21 ℃; most preferably, 5,000 to 15,000 cP at 21 ℃) (preferably, measured after 24 hours in a temperature-controlled room (21±3℃. ) , using a Brookfield Viscosimeter Model DV-II+ at 30 RPM, with a RV spindle 31. The viscosity value can be taken after a stabilization time of 1 min) .
[0058] Preferably, the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention, comprises: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle (preferably, 25 to 98.9 wt%(more preferably, 45 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 60 to 91 wt%; most preferably, 74 to 86 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle) ; (b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant (preferably, 0.5 to 30 wt% (more preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition of, the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant) ; (c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant (preferably, 0.5 to 30 wt% (more preferably, 1 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 4 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 6 to 10 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant) ; and (d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I (preferably, 0.1 to 20 wt% (more preferably, 0.25 to 15 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 10 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 6 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I) ; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant; and with any one or more of the following additional formulation provisos (i) - (viii) (each formulation proviso taken individually, all possible combinations of two or more formulation provisos and combinations of formulation proviso (s) with mixture proviso (s) discussed previously are contemplated) :
[0059] (i) wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises ≤ 100 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) ;
[0060] (ii) wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises 95 to 100 wt%(preferably, 96 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 97 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 98 to 100 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of (a)+ (b) + (c) + (d) ;
[0061] (iii) wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.05 wt%(preferably, < 0.01; more preferably, < 0.005; still more preferably, < 0.001; yet more preferably, < 0.0005; still yet more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; most preferably, less than detectable limit) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylate of formula V
[0062] R4CO2 (AO) h R5 (V)
[0063] wherein R4 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl group containing 5 to 21 carbon atoms; wherein AO is a C2-4 alkylene oxide unit; wherein h is 1 to 30 and wherein R5 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
[0064] (iv) wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%(preferably, < 0.005 wt%; more preferably, < 0.001 wt%; still more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; yet more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still yet more preferably, < 0.00001 wt%; most preferably, less than detectable limit) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a fatty acid ester of an alkyl glycoside having a fatty acid residue selected from the group consisting of R6 (O) O-and / or R7 (O) O-, wherein R6 is a C12 or higher hydrocarbon and R7 is a C6-10 hydrocarbon;
[0065] (v) wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside of formula I comprises 90 to 100 wt% (preferably, 95 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 97.5 to 100 wt%; still more preferably, 98 to 100 wt%; yet more preferably, 99 to 100 wt%; still yet more preferably, 99.5 to 100 wt%; yet still more preferably, 99.9 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 100 wt%) , of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition;
[0066] (vi) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside of formula I comprises 95 to 100 wt% (preferably, 97 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 98 to 100 wt%; still more preferably, 99 to 100 wt%; yet more preferably, 99.5 to 100 wt%; still yet more preferably, 99.9 to 100 wt%; yet still more preferably, 99.99 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 100 wt%) of all acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycosides in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition;
[0067] (vii) with the proviso that the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.1 wt% (preferably, < 0.05 wt%; more preferably, < 0.01 wt%; still more preferably, < 0.001 wt%; yet more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still yet more preferably, < 0.00001 wt%; most preferably, less than detectable limit) , based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of a compound of formula VI
[0068] R8-O- (G1) k H (VI)
[0069] wherein R8 is a linear C1-8 alkyl group; wherein G1 is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and wherein k is an average of 1 to 10; and
[0070] (viii) with the proviso that the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < detectable limit of compound of formula VII
[0071] wherein R9 is a linear or branched C2-5 alkyl group; wherein R10 is a linear or branched C4-7 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms of R9 and R10 is 7 to 11; wherein G2 is a monosaccharide residue; wherein r is 1 to 4.
[0072] Preferably, the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I of the present invention is prepared by a process including a step of contacting an olefin, an alcohol and a metallosilicate catalyst to form oligomers of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II
[0073] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; and wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxyate of formula II. The number of carbons present in R1 and R2 and the value of n are all determined according to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization provided below.
[0074] Contacting the olefin, alcohol, metallosilicate catalyst and solvent result in the generation of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II. The chemical reaction between the olefin and the alcohol is catalyzed by the metallosilicate catalyst in a reactor to generate the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II.
[0075] The reaction of the olefin and the alcohol may take place at a temperature from 50 ℃to 300 ℃ (preferably, 100 ℃ to 140 ℃) . In a specific example, the reaction may be carried out at 135 ℃. Reaction of the olefin and the alcohol may be carried out in a batch reactor, continuous reactor or fixed-bed reactor. In operation of the chemical reaction, the acid sites of the metallosilicate catalyst catalyze the etherification of the olefin to the alcohol through an addition type reaction. The reaction of the olefin and the alcohol produces the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II.
[0076] The olefin used in the process may be a linear acyclic, a branched acyclic or mixtures thereof. The olefin may be a C8 to C18 olefin. The olefin may be a C8 olefin, or a C9 olefin, or a C10 olefin, or a C11 olefin, or a C12 olefin, or a C13 olefin, or a C14 olefin, or a C15 olefin, or a C16 olefin, or a C17 olefin, or a C18 olefin.
[0077] The olefin may include alkenes such as internal disubstituted olefins. Internal disubstituted olefins include an unsaturated bond not in a terminal location on the olefin. Internal olefins may be selected from the group consisting of 2-octene, 3-octene, 4-octene, 2-nonene, 3-nonene, 4-nonene, 2-decene, 3-decene, 4-decene, 5-decene and combinations thereof.
[0078] Examples of suitable commercially available olefins include NEODENETM 8, NEODENETM 10, NEODENETM 12, NEODENETM 14, NEODENETM 16, NEODENETM 1214, NEODENETM 1416, NEODENETM 16148 from Shell, The Hague, Netherlands.
[0079] The alcohol utilized in the process is a monoethylene glycol.
[0080] A molar ratio of alcohol to olefin in the process may be from be 20: 1 or less, or 15: 1 or less, or 10: 1 or less, or 9: 1 or less, or 8: 1 or less, or 7: 1 or less, or 6: 1 or less, or 5: 1 or less, or 4: 1 or less, or 3: 1 or less, or 2: 1 or less, or 0.2: 1 or less, while at the same time, 0.1: 1 or greater, or 1: 1 or greater, or 1: 2 or greater, or 1: 3 or greater, or 1: 4 or greater, or 1: 5 or greater, or 1: 6 or greater, or 1: 7 or greater, or 1: 8 or greater, or 1: 9 or greater, or 1: 10 or greater, or 1: 15 or greater, or 1: 20 or greater.
[0081] As used herein the term “metallosilicate catalyst” is an aluminosilicate (commonly referred to as a zeolite) compound having a crystal lattice that has had one or more metal elements substituted in the crystal lattice for a silicon atom. The crystal lattice of the metallosilicate catalyst form cavities and channels inside where cations, water and / or small molecules may reside. The substitute metal element may include one or more metals selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, P, As, Sb, Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Pb, Pd, Pt, Au, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn. The metallosilicate catalyst may be substantially free of Hf. According to various examples, the metallosilicate may have a silica to alumina ratio of from 5: 1 to 1,500: 1 as measured using Neutron Activation Analysis. The silica to alumina ratio may be from 5: 1 to 1,500: 1, or from 10: 1 to 500: 1, or from 10: 1 to 400: 1, or from 10: 1 to 300: 1 or from 10: 1 to 200: 1. Such a silica to alumina ratio may be advantageous in providing a highly homogenous metallosilicate catalyst with an organophilic-hydrophobic selectivity that adsorb non-polar organic molecules.
[0082] The metallosilicate catalyst may have one or more ion-exchangeable cations outside the crystal lattice. The ion-exchangeable cation may include H+, Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, R4N+, R4P+ (where R is H or alkyl) .
[0083] The metallosilicate catalyst may take a variety of crystal structures. Specific examples of the metallosilicate catalyst structures include MFI (e.g. ZSM-5) , MEL (e.g. ZSM-11) , BEA (e.g. β-type zeolite) , FAU (e.g. Y-type zeolite) , MOR (e.g. Mordenite) , MTW (e.g. ZSM-12) , and LTL (e.g. Linde L) , as described using IUPAC codes in accordance with nomenclature by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association.
[0084] The crystalline frameworks of metallosilicate catalyst are represented by networks of molecular-sized channels and cages comprised of corner-shared tetrahedral [TO4] (T=Si or Al) primary building blocks. A negative charge can be introduced onto the framework via the isomorphous substitution of a framework tetravalent silicon by a trivalent metal (e.g., aluminum) atom. The overall charge neutrality is then achieved by the introduction of cationic species compensating for the resulting negative lattice charge. When such a charge-compensation is provided by protons, acid sites are formed rendering the resulting H-forms of zeolites strong solid acids.
[0085] The metallosilicate catalysts may be used in the method in a variety of forms. For example, the metallosilicate catalysts may be powdered (e.g., particles having a longest linear dimension of less than 100 micrometers) , granular (e.g., particles having a longest linear dimension of 100 micrometers or greater) , or molded articles of powdered and / or granular metallosilicate catalysts.
[0086] The metallosilicate catalysts may have a surface area of 100 m2 / g or greater, or 200 m2 / g or greater, or 300 m2 / g or greater, or 400 m2 / g or greater, or 500 m2 / g or greater, or 600 m2 / g or greater, or 700 m2 / g or greater, or 800 m2 / g or greater, or 900 m2 / g or greater, while at the same time, 1000 m2 / g or less, or 900 m2 / g or less, or 800 m2 / g or less, or 700 m2 / g or less, or 600 m2 / g or less, or 500 m2 / g or less, or 400 m2 / g or less, or 300 m2 / g or less, or 200 m2 / g or less. Surface area is measured according to ASTM D4365 –19.
[0087] Metallosilicate catalysts can be synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis methods. For example, the metallosilicate catalysts can be synthesized from heating a composition comprising a silica source (e.g., silica sol, silica gel, and alkoxysilanes) , a metal source (e.g., metal sulfates, metal oxides, metal halides, etc. ) , and a quaternary ammonium salt (e.g., tetraethylammonium salt or tetrapropylammonium) to a temperature of about 100℃ to about 175℃ until a crystal solid forms. The resulting crystal solid is then filtered off, washed with water, and dried, and then calcined at a temperature form 350℃ to 600℃.
[0088] Examples of suitable commercially available metallosilicate catalysts include CP814E, CP814C, CP811C-300, CBV 712, CBV 720, CBV 760, CBV 2314, CBV 10A from ZEOLYST INTERNATIONALTM of Conshohocken, PA.
[0089] Due to the natural distribution of products resulting from processes employed in forming the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II, oligomers of formula II can vary in the value that n has. Preferably, a composition of oligomers of formula II may have the same R1 and R2, but different n values of 1, 2 and 3. As a whole, n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II, as determined according to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization provided below.
[0090] The acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II may be reacted with a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (more preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; still more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) using known methods to form an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside of formula I.
[0091] Preferably, the method of cleaning at least one of mammalian skin and hair (preferably, at least one of human skin and hair) of the present invention, comprises: applying an aqueous personal care rinse off composition of the present invention to the skin or hair of a mammal (preferably, skin or hair of a human) ; and rinsing the aqueous personal care rinse off composition from the skin or hair with a rinse water.
[0092] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in the following Examples.
[0093] Experimental Materials
[0094] Synthesis S1: Acyclic Branched C12EO
[0095] A 250 mL 3-neck glass round bottom flask, equipped with an overhead stirred through the center neck, reflux condenser and-aheating jacket was used for the etherification of 1-dodecene and monoethylene glycol with the catalyst. To ensure good mixing, a pitch blade impeller was used for agitation. A reaction mixture of 551.7 grams (g) ethylene glycol and 505.8 g 1-dodecene was prepared and loaded in the reactor together with 61-g catalyst in powdered form at 23 ℃. The impeller stirring rate was set to be at 400 revolutions per minute ( “rpm” ) . The reactor was heated to 135 ℃ in over the course of 30 minutes, held at 135 ℃ for 18 hours and then the reactor was cooled down to 23 ℃ by shutting off the heater. The reaction mixture was separated into a monoethylene glycol and catalyst phase and an olefin phase using a separation funnel.
[0096] A distillation apparatus was constructed using a 1-liter round bottom flask connected to a short path distillation head with a thermometer adapter and a condenser with a vacuum adapter at the outlet. The distillation flask was heated in an aluminum block by an IKA heated stir-plate. The distillation pot was charged with the combined olefin phase and then stirring and vacuum were applied. Significant boiling was observed but no condensate was observed or collected. The temperature of the heating block was raised to 75 ℃ and unreacted dodecane was collected at a distillation head temperature of 25 ℃ to 50 ℃ and a pressure of 13.3-40 pascals (Pa) . The heating block temperature was raised gradually to 140 ℃ and an intermediate fraction containing both monoether alcohol ethoxylates and dodecenes was recovered while the head temperature increased from 50 ℃ to 75 ℃ at a pressure of 13 Pa. The C12EO was collected at a head temperature of 70 ℃ to 115 ℃ and a pressure of 6 Pa to 33 Pa. The heating block temperature was raised gradually to 200 ℃ and an intermediate fraction containing both monoether alcohol ethoxylates and diether was collected while the head temperature increased from 115 ℃ to 130 ℃ at a pressure of 6 Pa. The distillation was discontinued and the diether, which remained in the pot, was collected. The C12EO was subsequently used in the process to make an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycose surfactant.
[0097] Synthesis S2: Acyclic Branched C14EO
[0098] A 300 mL Parr reactor with a heating jacket and controller was used for the etherification of 1-tetradecene and monoethylene glycol with a catalyst. To ensure good mixing, a pitch blade impeller was used for agitation.
[0099] The reaction mixture of 100.0 g monoethylene glycol and 100.0 g 1-tetradecene was prepared and loaded in the reactor together with 10.0 g powder form catalyst at 23 ℃. The impeller stirring rate was set to be at least 600 rpm. The reactor was heated up to 135 ℃ in 30 minutes, held at 135 ℃ for 6 hours and then the reactor was cooled down to room temperature by shutting off the heater. The reaction mixture was separated by a separation funnel. The reaction mixture was separated into a monoethylene glycol and catalyst phase and an olefin phase using a separation funnel. Fifteen batches were generated and the olefin phases were collected and combined for distillation.
[0100] The same distillation apparatus as used in the Synthesis S1 was used for distillation of the C14EO. The distillation pot was charged with the products in the olefin phase from multiple batch reactor runs and then stirring and vacuum were applied. Significant boiling was observed but no condensate was observed or collected. The temperature of the heating block was raised to 95 ℃ and unreacted 1-tetradecene was collected at a distillation head temperature of 30 ℃ to 60 ℃ at a pressure of 27 Pa to 5 Pa. The heating block temperature was raised gradually to 170 ℃ and an intermediate fraction containing both monoether and tetradecene was recovered while the head temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 85 ℃ at a pressure of 7 Pa to 5 Pa. The C14EO was collected at a head temperature of 80 ℃ to 115 ℃and a pressure of 8 Pa to 5 Pa. The distillation was discontinued when no more material would distill over with the pot temperature set at 170 ℃. The distillation was discontinued and the diether, which remained in the pot, was collected. The C14EO was subsequently used in the process to make an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycose surfactant.
[0101] Synthesis S3: Acyclic Branched C12EO Glucoside
[0102] A 250 mL three necked round-bottomed reactor fitted was a magnetic stirrer and a straight water cooled condenser and was placed in an aluminum heating block. To the reactor was added acyclic branched C12EO prepared according to Synthesis S1 (115 g, 0.5 mol) , glucose (18 g, 0.1 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.344 g, 0.002 mol) . A 50 ml flask was linked to the condenser with vacuum pump linked to collect water evaporated from the reactor contents. Vacuum was applied to the reactor contents and adjusted to < 200 mbar. The reactor contents were then heated using the aluminum block heater set to 110 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction, vacuum was removed and the reactor contents were cooled down to 50 ℃. The pH of the reactor contents was then adjusted to between 7 and 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mol / L) . The reactor contents were then purified by column chromatography on silica using methanol-methanol / ethyl acetate (1: 10) gradient. The fractions that contained glucosides were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a viscous brown liquid. The resulting viscous liquid was further dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
[0103] Synthesis S4: Acyclic Branched C14EO Glucoside
[0104] A 250 mL three necked round-bottomed reactor fitted was a magnetic stirrer and a straight water cooled condenser and was placed in an aluminum heating block. To the reactor was added acyclic branched C14EO prepared according to Synthesis S2 (129 g, 0.5 mol) , glucose (18 g, 0.1 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.344 g, 0.002 mol) . A 50 ml flask was linked to the condenser with vacuum pump linked to collect water evaporated from the reactor contents. Vacuum was applied to the reactor contents and adjusted to < 200 mbar. The reactor contents were then heated using the aluminum block heater set to 110 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction, vacuum was removed and the reactor contents were cooled down to 50 ℃. The pH of the reactor contents was then adjusted to between 7 and 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mol / L) . The reactor contents were then purified by column chromatography on silica using methanol-methanol / ethyl acetate (1: 10) gradient. The fractions that contained glucosides were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a viscous brown liquid. The resulting viscous liquid was further dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
[0105] Synthesis S5: Acyclic Branched C12EO Xyloside
[0106] A 250 mL three necked round-bottomed reactor fitted was a magnetic stirrer and a straight water cooled condenser and was placed in an aluminum heating block. To the reactor was added acyclic branched C12EO prepared according to Synthesis S1 (115 g, 0.5 mol) , xylose (15 g, 0.1 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.344 g, 0.002 mol) . A 50 ml flask was linked to the condenser with vacuum pump linked to collect water evaporated from the reactor contents. Vacuum was applied to the reactor contents and adjusted to < 200 mbar. The reactor contents were then heated using the aluminum block heater set to 110 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, vacuum was removed and the reactor contents were cooled down to 50 ℃. The pH of the reactor contents was then adjusted to between 7 and 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mol / L) . The reactor contents were then purified by column chromatography on silica using methanol-methanol / ethyl acetate (1: 10) gradient. The fractions that contained xylosides were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a viscous brown liquid. The resulting viscous liquid was further dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
[0107] Synthesis S6: Acyclic Branched C14EO Xyloside
[0108] A 250 mL three necked round-bottomed reactor fitted was a magnetic stirrer and a straight water cooled condenser and was placed in an aluminum heating block. To the reactor was added acyclic branched C14EO prepared according to Synthesis S2 (129 g, 0.5 mol) , xylose (15 g, 0.1 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.344 g, 0.002 mol) . A 50 ml flask was linked to the condenser with vacuum pump linked to collect water evaporated from the reactor contents. Vacuum was applied to the reactor contents and adjusted to < 200 mbar. The reactor contents were then heated using the aluminum block heater set to 110 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 2 hours. After the reaction, vacuum was removed and the reactor contents were cooled down to 50 ℃. The pH of the reactor contents was then adjusted to between 7 and 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mol / L) . The reactor contents were then purified by column chromatography on silica using methanol- methanol / ethyl acetate (1: 10) gradient. The fractions that contained xylosides were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a viscous brown liquid. The resulting viscous liquid was further dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
[0109] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Degree of Polymerization (DP) Characterization
[0110] The materials prepared according to Syntheses S3-S6 were dissolved into deuterated DMSO-d6 to form a homogeneous solution at a concentration ~ 15-20 wt%at 25 ℃. NMR spectroscopy was conducted on a 600 MHz Bruker Avance spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm cryogenic probe. Quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy employed the single pulse method using the inverse-gated 1H decoupling with a total repetition time of 20s (> 5× of T1, maximum) and acquisition time of 1.5 s. The receiver gain was optimized, and 128-256 scans were recorded to generate adequate spectral sensitivity for quantitative analysis. The spectral width was set to 220 ppm for 13C and 20 ppm for 1H with the center of frequency located at 100 and 4 ppm, respectively. DP is defined as the molar ratio of hydrophilic sugar head to the hydrophobic tail, which is measured via quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy. The relative amount of sugar head Ihead is quantified using the integral of the characteristic peak from 96-110 ppm. The relative amount of the hydrophobic tail is quantified using the integral of the characteristic chain end methyl signal Itail. The DP is then calculated using the equation below with results provided in TABLE 1:
[0111] TABLE 1
[0112] EO Distribution
[0113] The distribution of EO adducts in the surfactants listed in TABLE 2 was determined by NMR or UHPLC-MS as noted using the methodology set forth below with the results provided in TABLE 2.
[0114] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance EO Distribution Characterization (NMR)
[0115] Samples of surfactant to be analyzed were prepared by dissolving the surfactant in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide containing 0.025 M chromium (III) acetylacetonate. Nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectra of the samples were then collected on a Bruker AVANCE 400 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm cryo-probe set to 25 ℃, with the following parameters: a 90°-pulse, inverse-gated decoupling, a 1.38 second acquisition time, and a 6.4 second recycle delay. 2048 scans were collected. The data was processed in MNOVA, and the chemical shifts were referenced to the solvent peak at 39.52 ppm. A DEPT-135 experiment was also acquired with the same parameters, but with a 2.0 second recycle delay, and 2048 scans. The ratios of different EO adducts are calculated by integrating and comparing the intensity of the ethylene oxide alcohol end groups from about 60-61 ppm, the ethylene oxide backbone groups from about 69-70 ppm, the ethylene oxide end group ether peak from about 71-72 ppm, the unreacted primary alcohol peaks from about 60-61 ppm, and the unreacted secondary alcohol peaks from about 65-66 ppm.
[0116] TABLE 2
[0117] At least 95 mol%of the products of Syntheses S1-S2 had an n of 1 and no more than 5 mol%the oligomers had an n of ≥ 2. Specifically, ≥ 98 mol%of the products of Syntheses S1-S2 had an n of 1 and ≤ 2 mol%of the oligomers had an n of ≥ 2.
[0118] 1, 4 dioxane Content
[0119] Procedure for Acid Digestion
[0120] Load a sample vial with 0.5 grams of the alcohol ethoxylate material to be tested. Next, concentrated sulfuric acid (4.0 grams, ACS reagent 95-98%) is added to form a reaction solution and the sample vial is tightly capped. The sample vials are then placed onto a heated block and the samples heated to 90℃. Once the set temperature is reached, the reaction is allowed to react for 1 hour. Once completed, the reaction sample vials are removed and allowed to cool to 23℃. While this sample is cooling, a separate gas chromatography head space vial is loaded with 0.9 grams of 1 molar aqueous NaOH solution and is cooled in an ice bath. After the reaction solution is cooled, 0.1 grams is added to the pre-cooled gas chromatography head space vial. The vial is capped immediately and placed back into the ice bath. This sample is then analyzed by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection ( “HS-GC / FID” ) to determine the amount of 1, 4 dioxane formed during the digestion. 1, 4 dioxane will complex with sulfuric acid, thus the neutralization step is necessary to liberate any 1, 4 dioxane generated during the sulfuric acid digestion of the samples.
[0121] Acid Digestion Analysis
[0122] The neutralized headspace vials are heated at 90℃ for 15 minutes in order to allow the concentration of 1, 4 dioxane to equilibrate into the headspace. A 2.5 ml aliquot of the headspace is extracted using a gas-tight syringe heated at 150℃ and subsequently injected into the gas chromatographic instrument. The volatile components in the headspace sample are separated using a Porabond Q column and then detected by a flame ionization detector. The Porabond Q column is used because it does not readily degraded under acidic or basic conditions and is able to provide the best separation and limit of detection of 1, 4 dioxane amongst the other acid degraded sample matrix components. Quantitation is performed by external standardization and the method is found to have a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm (w / w) for 1, 4 dioxane.
[0123] The 1, 4 dioxane content of the materials listed in TABLE 3 was determined by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC / FID) as noted using the methodology set forth above with the results provided in TABLE 3.
[0124] TABLE 3
[0125] Given the understanding how 1, 4 dioxane is believed to be formed, it is important to know the stability of alcohol ethoxylates under acidic environments such as the H2SO4 acidic digestion experiment. The commercial linear primary C12-14 alcohol ethoxylate has an average of one ethyleneoxide adduct per molecule. Notwithstanding, the material contained a significant amount of unreacted alcohol and molecules with ≥ 2 ethyleneoxides. Alcohol ethoxylates having ≥ 2 ethyleneoxides per molecule provide a chemical path for the formation of 1, 4 dioxane in acidic conditions.
[0126] The product C12EO of Synthesis S1 was also tested in the acid digestion study. After acid digestion, the 1, 4 dioxane content was 0.00052 wt% (5.2 ppm) confirming that compositions rich (i.e., ≥ 95 mol%) in 1EO alcohol ethoxylate exhibit better stability under acidic conditions thereby avoiding 1, 4 dioxane formation. A very small amount of 1, 4 dioxane was observed, likely due to the 1 mol%of ≥ 2EO alcohol ethoxylate present. It is expected that C14EO would provide the same low 1, 4 dioxane concentration as it similarly has a single EO unit in ≥ 95 mol%of molecules.
[0127] Procedure for Alcohol Ethoxy Glucoside Dioxane Study
[0128] Step 1: Synthesis of Butyl Glucoside: A 500 mL two necked round bottomed flask outfitted with nitrogen inlet, magnetic stir bar and dean-stark trap with condenser and nitrogen outlet (to bubbler) served as the vessel for this reaction. The flask was charged with glucose (75.13 g) followed by 1-butanol (200 mL, 5.25 equiv) and hexanes (20 mL) . The same percentage mixture was added to the dean stark trap to fill the void space so that concentration was not affected during the reaction. Stirring was initiated and to the heterogenous mixture was then added in p-TSA-H2O (0.787 g, 0.01 equiv) . The solution was then heated with an aluminum heating block at a mantle temp of 130 ℃ to yield a light reflux, which resulted in the removal of water over the course of the 2.5 hour reaction time. During this time the mixture became homogenous and the amber colored. The heat was removed and the solution allowed to cool for 30 minutes. After cooling the dean stark trap was replaced with a short path distillation head and the solution again heated to 130 ℃mantle temp. The excess butanol was removed over the course of 2.5 hours during which time vacuum was continually lowered to maintain steady flow of butanol. The resulting material was an extremely viscous black colored semisolid. The acid was not quenched due to further use of the material needing acidic conditions.
[0129] Step 2: Synthesis of Alcohol Ethoxylate Glucoside: A 250 mL round bottomed flask with magnetic stir bar, condenser, and attached nitrogen inlet. The flask was charged with the unneutralized butyl glucoside (11 g, 1.0 equiv. ) from Step 1 and the alcohol ethoxylate (s) of interest (4.0 equiv) . Due to the limited solubility of the butyl glucoside at room temperature additional pTSA (24 mg, 0.0027 equiv) was added to each of the reaction mixtures. The mixtures were then heated to 130 ℃ (mantle temperature) and stirred for 3 hours. The mixtures were allowed to cool to room temperature and the crude reactions were then analyzed by HSGC-MS to determine dioxane content.
[0130] Headspace Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) conditions for 1, 4-dioxane measurement from APG synthesis: Headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to analyze and quantitate the amount of dioxane in samples from the APG synthesis. Quantitation was done via single point standard addition using the instrument conditions below.
[0131] Standard addition samples were prepared by first preparing standards of dioxane from 10-1000 ppm in water. Then varying amounts (0.01-0.05 g) were spiked onto 1g of samples at roughly 2x the estimated concentration. These spike concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 30 ppm.
[0132] Samples were prepared by weighing 1 g of sample into a headspace vial and crimping shut. These samples were run under the HSGC-MS conditions stated above.
[0133] The 1, 4-dioxane content of the materials listed in TABLE 4 was determined by Headspace Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) as noted using the methodology set forth above with the results provided in TABLE 4.
[0134] Calculation of 1, 4 dioxane content relative to theoretical yield
[0135] The ppm of 1, 4 dioxane content relative to the theoretical yield of the sample calculated according to the following equation:
[0136] To calculate the total reaction volume, it was assumed the density of the reaction mixture (butyl glucoside and alcohol ethoxylate) was 1.0 g / cm3.
[0137] TABLE 4
[0138] The headspace gas chromatography results obtained from the crude alcohol ethoxylate glucoside reactions contained 5.4 ppm of dioxane for commercial alcohol ethoxylate A and 1.6 ppm of dioxane for commercial alcohol ethoxylate B. As these commercial alcohol ethoxylates have an average of 3 and 1 ethylene oxide units, respectively, the materials contain a significant amount of molecules with ≥ 2 ethylene oxides. As stated previously, alcohol ethoxylates having ≥ 2 ethylene oxides per molecule provide a chemical path for the formation of 1, 4-dioxane under acidic conditions. This gives rise to the elevated dioxane levels observed for commercial alcohol ethoxylate A and B. Surprisingly, the dioxane content for the crude reaction of Synthesis S2 falls below the limit of detection (0.1 ppm) of the HSGC-MS method. These results, along with the results from the acid digestion study, further demonstrates how products of Synthesis S1 and Synthesis S2 are much more resistant to dioxane formation under elevated temperature and acidic conditions used for the synthesis of alkyl polyglycoside surfactants.
[0139] Comparative Examples CF1-CF2 and Examples F1-F4: Personal Care Composition
[0140] Aqueous personal care rinse off compositions were prepared having compositions according to Comparative Examples CF1-CF2 and Examples F1-F4 as noted in TABLE 5.
[0141] TABLE 5
[0142] Thickening performance
[0143] Thickening performance of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I and conventional linear alkyl polyglycoside surfactants are compared in various aqueous sulfate free surfactant systems. The viscosities reported in TABLE 6 were measured for each of the aqueous personal care rinse off compositions prepared according to Comparative Examples CF1-CF2 and Examples F1-F4 as noted in TABLE 5 by using the Total Aspiration and Dispense Monitoring (TADM) function on a Hamilton MicroLab Star liquid handling robot at 21 ℃. The Hamilton aspirates and dispenses the samples at a set speed, and monitors the pressure changes (Δp) . Calibration curves are generated using known viscosity standards. And viscosity is calculated by comparing the pressure curves of the samples against the pressure curves of viscosity standards. The data collected by TADM method was the Δp value in pascals (Pa) . The reported viscosities were obtained using a high-throughput methodology based on pressure measurements through pipetted tips aspirating the samples using a Hamilton liquid dispensing robot. Details of the method used can be found in ACD Comb. Sci. 2016, 18, 405-414.
[0144] Foaming Performance
[0145] The foaming performance of a 10 wt%dilution in water of the aqueous personal care rinse off compositions prepared according to Comparative Examples CF1-CF2 and Examples F1-F4 was determined using the following procedure. Foam height measurements were performed using a Kruss Dynamic Foam Analyzer. A 50 mL sample of each 10 wt%dilution was transferred to a CY4572 measuring column with 55 mm camera height. Foam structure settings were adjusted to detect a minimum bubble area of 500 μm2 and a maximum bubble area of 70 mm2. Foam was generated using a set stirring speed of 4,000 rpm with a 5 second oscillation and 10 second total stir time. The foam height at 30 seconds after stirring stopped is reported in TABLE 6.
[0146] TABLE 6
[0147] Comparative Examples CF3-CF10 and Examples F5-F20: Personal Care Composition
[0148] Aqueous personal care rinse off compositions were prepared having compositions according to Comparative Examples CF3-CF10 and Examples F5-F20 as noted in TABLE 7.
[0149] TABLE 7
[0150] Thickening performance
[0151] Thickening performance of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I and conventional linear alkyl polyglycoside surfactants are compared in various aqueous sulfate free surfactant systems. The viscosities reported in TABLE 8 were measured for each of the aqueous personal care rinse off compositions prepared according to Comparative Examples CF3-CF10 and Examples F5-F20 as noted in TABLE 5 by using the Total Aspiration and Dispense Monitoring (TADM) function on a Hamilton MicroLab Star liquid handling robot at 21 ℃. The Hamilton aspirates and dispenses the samples at a set speed, and monitors the pressure changes (Δp) . Calibration curves are generated using known viscosity standards. And viscosity is calculated by comparing the pressure curves of the samples against the pressure curves of viscosity standards. The data collected by TADM method was the Δp value in pascals (Pa) . The reported viscosities were obtained using a high-throughput methodology based on pressure measurements through pipetted tips aspirating the samples using a Hamilton liquid dispensing robot. Details of the method used can be found in ACD Comb. Sci. 2016, 18, 405-414.
[0152] TABLE 8
Claims
1.An aqueous personal care rinse off composition, comprising:(a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle;(b) a dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant;(c) a dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant; and(d) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula Iwherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms;wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off composition comprises < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl sulfate surfactant; and wherein the aqueous personal care rinse off < 0.01 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of an alkyl ether sulfate surfactant.2.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 1, wherein the dermatologically acceptable anionic cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of glycinates, taurates, glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates, sulfoacetates, alaninates, sulfonates, succinates, carboxylates and mixtures thereof.3.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 2, wherein the dermatologically acceptable amphoteric cleaning surfactant is selected from the group consisting of betaines, amphoacetates, sultaines and mixtures thereof.4.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 3, wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I, comprises 90 to 100 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous personal care rinse off composition, of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the aqueous personal care rinse off composition.5.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 4, wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 1.5 ppm of 1, 4 dioxane.6.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 5, wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a linear C1-12 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 11 to 13; wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of glucose, xylose and mixtures thereof; wherein n is 1 in 98 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.15.7.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 6, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of an absorbent, an aesthetic enhancer, an alpha hydroxy acid, an antiaging agent, an antidandruff agent, an antifungal, an antimicrobial agent, an antioxidant, an antiseptic, an antistatic agent, a bioactive agent, a bleaching agent, a chelating agent, a colorant, a conditioning agent, a dye, an emollient, an emulsifying agent, a film former, a fixative polymer, a foaming agent, a fragrance, a hard particle, a humectant, a lubricating agent, an opacifier, a pearlizing agent, a penetrant, a pH adjusting agent, a pigment, a plant extract, a preservative, a protein / amino acid, a rheology modifier, a salt, a sensory modifier, a slip agent, a soft particle, a sunscreen additive, a suspending agent, a UV light inhibitor, a vitamin and mixtures thereof.8.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 7, wherein the additive includes a salt.9.The aqueous personal care rinse off composition of claim 8, wherein the salt is sodium chloride.10.A method of cleaning at least one of mammalian skin and hair, comprising: applying an aqueous personal care rinse off composition according to claim 1 to the skin or hair of a mammal; and rinsing the aqueous personal care rinse off composition from the skin or hair with a rinse water.
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