Hand dish formulation
The combination of an amine oxide and acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant in hand dish formulations addresses solubility and regulatory compliance issues, offering improved cleaning performance and reduced 1,4-dioxane formation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/115740
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing surfactants used in hand dish formulations face challenges with poor aqueous solubility and the formation of 1,4-dioxane, which are not compliant with regulatory restrictions, and exhibit undesirable cleaning performance.
An aqueous hand dish formulation comprising an amine oxide surfactant and an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant, optionally with a linear alkyl polyglucoside and an anionic surfactant, providing improved solubility and resistance to 1,4-dioxane formation, enhancing foaming, foam retention, and cleaning performance.
The formulation achieves enhanced aqueous solubility, reduced 1,4-dioxane content, and improved cleaning efficacy with increased foaming and viscosity build, meeting regulatory standards and providing effective manual dishwashing.
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Figure CN2024115740_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HAND DISH FORMULATION
[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous hand dish formulation. In particular, the present invention relates to an hand dish formulation, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) an amine oxide surfactant; (c) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0002] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; (d) optionally, a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B
[0003] R12-O- (G) f H (B)
[0004] wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose; and (e) optionally, an anionic surfactant.
[0005] Regulators have been increasing restrictions on the amount of 1, 4 dioxane that may be present in consumer products. For example, New York State has banned all but trace amounts of 1, 4 dioxane in cosmetics, personal care, and cleaning products. Typically, a consumer product must comprise less than 10 parts per million by mass ( “ppm” ) of 1, 4 dioxane to be compliant with regulations.
[0006] Traditional alcohol ethoxylates, made by ethoxylation, produce a distribution of ethylene oxide oligomers. This distribution may be sensitive to the formation of 1, 4 dioxane under acidic conditions commonly practiced during the synthesis of alkyl polyglycosides. When an alcohol ethoxylate has ≥ 2 ethylene oxide units per molecule, under acidic conditions, a back biting reaction may occur resulting in the formation of 1, 4 dioxane. For traditional alkyl polyglycosides with an alkyl chain length of ≥ 12 carbons and a degree of glycoside polymerization, DP, of ≤ 1.1 they exhibit poor aqueous solubility. For alkyl polyglycosides that are alkyl polypentosides, with an alkyl chain length of ≥ 8 carbons and a DP of ≤ 1.1, they also exhibit poor aqueous solubility. The poor aqueous solubility is evinced by formation of a cloudy 1 wt%solution in water. Conventional alkyl polyglycosides with a DP of ~1.5 suffer from undesirable cleaning performance. Most commercially available alkyl polyglycoside surfactants are based on linear alcohols or branched Guerbet alcohols.
[0007] Accordingly, there remains a need for acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactants that have improved aqueous water solubility and resist forming 1, 4 dioxane during the process to form the surfactant and which exhibit desirable performance properties when formulated into aqueous hand dish formulations.
[0008] The present invention provides an aqueous hand dish formulation, comprising: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; (b) an amine oxide surfactant; (c) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0009] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; (d) optionally, a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B
[0010] R12-O- (G) f H (B)
[0011] wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose; and (e) optionally, an anionic surfactant.
[0012] The present invention provides a method of manually washing an article, comprising: providing a soiled article, wherein the soiled article is selected from the group consisting of at least one of dishware, glassware, flatware, pots and pans; providing an aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention; manually contacting the soiled article with the aqueous hand dish formulation to provided a cleaned article; and rinsing the aqueous hand dish formulation from the cleaned article.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] We have found that aqueous hand dish formulations formulated with a combination of an amine oxide surfactant (e.g., lauramine oxide) with an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0014] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7; is water soluble and provides surprising boost in foaming coupled with improved foam retention and acceptable viscosity build, grease swelling and cleaning.
[0015] All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise stated.
[0016] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this application unless a date is indicated with the test method number as a hyphenated two-digit number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. Test method organizations are referenced by one of the following abbreviations: ASTM refers to ASTM International (formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials) ; EN refers to European Norm; DIN refers to Deutsches Institut für Normung; and ISO refers to International Organization for Standards.
[0017] IUPAC codes describing Crystal structures as delineated by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association refer to the most recent designation as of the priority date of this document unless otherwise indicated.
[0018] Unless otherwise indicated, ratios, percentages, parts, and the like are by mass (e.g., “ppm” means parts per million by mass) .
[0019] The term "water miscible" as used herein and in the appended claims means that at least 95 vol%of the water miscible organic solvent is miscible in water (preferably, the water miscible organic solvent is miscible in all proportions in water) .
[0020] The term “elevated thermal stability” as used herein and in the appended claims in reference to an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I or an alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C means that the surfactant when heated to 110 ℃ contains < 9 ppm (preferably, < 8 ppm; more preferably, < 7 ppm; still more preferably, <6 ppm; yet more preferably, < 5 ppm; still yet more preferably, < 4 ppm; even more preferably, < 3 ppm; still even more preferably, < 2 ppm; yet even more preferably, < 1 ppm; most preferably, < 0.5 ppm) of 1, 4 dioxane (preferably, wherein the 1, 4 dioxane content is measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) ) .
[0021] The term “enhanced thermal stability” as used herein and in the appended claims in reference to an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I or an alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C means that the surfactant when heated to 280 ℃ contains < 10 ppm, based on solids weight of the surfactant, of 1, 4 dioxane (preferably, wherein the 1, 4 dioxane content is measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) ) .
[0022] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle (preferably, 45 to 99 wt% (more preferably, 60 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 70 to 95 wt%; most preferably, 75 to 90 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle) ; (b) an amine oxide surfactant (preferably, 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation of, the amine oxide surfactant) (preferably, wherein the amine oxide surfactant is of formula A
[0023] wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of a C8-22 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C8-22 alkyl group, a C8-22 alkyl phenyl group and mixtures thereof (preferably, a linear C8-22 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C10-18 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C10-12 alkyl group) ; wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of a C2-3 alkylene group, a hydroxy-C2-3 alkylene group and mixtures thereof; wherein b is 0 to 3 (preferably, 0) ; wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-3 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C1-3 alkyl group, a - (CH2CH2O) d-, and mixtures thereof; wherein d is 1 to 3) ; (c) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I (preferably, 0.1 to 50 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 0.6 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 0.7 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the hard surface cleaning formulation, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I)
[0024] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (more preferably, galactose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, glucose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; (d) optionally, a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B (preferably, 0 to 45 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B)
[0025] R12-O- (G) f H (B)
[0026] wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group (preferably, a linear C8-20 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C8-18 alkyl group; still more preferably, a linear C8-16 alkyl group; most preferably, a blend of linear C8-16 alkyl groups) ; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5 (preferably, 1 to 3; more preferably, 1 to 2; most preferably, 1.1 to 2) ; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose (preferably, wherein the weight ratio of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B is 5: 1 to 1: 10 (preferably, 2: 1 to 1: 8; more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 6; most preferably, 1: 2 to 1: 6) ; and (e) optionally an anionic surfactant (preferably, 0 to 45 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the anionic surfactant) .
[0027] More preferably, the aqueous laundry detergent formulation of the present invention, comprises: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle (preferably, 45 to 99 wt%(more preferably, 60 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 70 to 95 wt%; most preferably, 75 to 90 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle) ; (b) an amine oxide surfactant (preferably, 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation of, the amine oxide surfactant) (preferably, wherein the amine oxide surfactant is of formula A; wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of a C8-22 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C8-22 alkyl group, a C8-22 alkyl phenyl group and mixtures thereof (preferably, a linear C8-22 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C10-18 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C10-12 alkyl group) ; wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of a C2-3 alkylene group, a hydroxy-C2-3 alkylene group and mixtures thereof; wherein b is 0 to 3 (preferably, 0) ; wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-3 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C1-3 alkyl group, a - (CH2CH2O) d-, and mixtures thereof; wherein d is 1 to 3) ; (c) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I (preferably, 0.1 to 50 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 0.6 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 0.7 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the hard surface cleaning formulation, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I) ;wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (more preferably, galactose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, glucose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; (d) optionally, a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B (preferably, 0 to 45 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the mixture of alkyl polyglycosides, of the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B) ; wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group (preferably, a linear C8-20 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C8-18 alkyl group; still more preferably, a linear C8-16 alkyl group; most preferably, a blend of linear C8-16 alkyl groups) ; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5 (preferably, 1 to 3; more preferably, 1 to 2; most preferably, 1.1 to 2) ; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose (preferably, wherein the weight ratio of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B is 5: 1 to 1: 10 (preferably, 2: 1 to 1: 8; more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 6; most preferably, 1: 2 to 1:6) ; and (e) optionally, an anionic surfactant (preferably, 0 to 45 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the anionic surfactant) ; and with any one or more of the following additional provisos (i) - (iv) (all provisos taken individually, all possible combinations of two or more provisos and all of the provisos together are contemplated) :
[0028] (i) with the proviso that the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises 0 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous cleaning composition, of a nonionic surfactant of formula IV
[0029] R3(OC2H4) aOH (IV)
[0030] wherein R3 is a C10-18 alkyl group and wherein a is an average of 2 to 9;
[0031] (ii) with the proviso that the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises < 0.01 wt%(preferably, < 0.001 wt%; more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still more preferably, < 0.00001 wt%; yet more preferably, less than the detectable limit; most preferably, 0 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant having 2 chains which contain an average of 16 to 22 carbon atoms;
[0032] (iii) with the proviso that if the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises a nonionic surfactant of formula IV
[0033] R3(OC2H4) aOH (IV)
[0034] wherein R3 is a C10-18 alkyl group and wherein a is an average of 2 to 9, then the weight ratio of the nonionic surfactant of formula IV to the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I in the aqueous cleaning composition is >7: 1 (preferably, > 8: 1; more preferably, > 9: 1; most preferably, > 10: 1) ; and
[0035] (iv) with the proviso that if the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises (a) a nonionic surfactant of formula IV
[0036] R3(OC2H4) aOH (IV)
[0037] wherein R3 is a C10-18 alkyl group and wherein a is an average of 2 to 9; and (b) a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant having 2 chains which contain an average of 16 to 22 carbon atoms; then the weight ratio of (a) + the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to (b) in the hard surface cleaning formulation is < 3: 1 (preferably, < 2: 1; more preferably, < 1.5: 1; most preferably, < 1.25: 1) or > 9: 1 (preferably, > 10: 1; more preferably, > 11:1; most preferably, > 12: 1) .
[0038] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises 45 to 99 wt% (preferably, 60 to 97 wt%; more preferably, 70 to 95 wt%; most preferably, 75 to 90 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle comprises water. More preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises: 45 to 99 wt% (preferably, 60 to 97 wt%; more preferably, 70 to 95 wt%; most preferably, 75 to 90 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle comprises water and a water miscible organic solvent selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols (such as, C1-6 alkanols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, amyl alcohol) ) ; C2-6 glycols (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol) ; C3-6 triols (e.g., glycerol) ; monoalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, propylene glycol tert-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, ethylene glycol hexyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, ethylene glycol phenyl ether) ; polyalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., diethylene glycol n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol hexyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether) ; glycol ether esters (e.g., propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, propylene glycol n-butyl ether acetate) and mixtures thereof. Still more preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises: 45 to 99 wt% (preferably, 60 to 97 wt%; more preferably, 70 to 95 wt%; most preferably, 75 to 90 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle; wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle comprises water and a water miscible organic solvent; wherein the water miscible organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols, C2-6 glycols, C3-6 triols and mixtures thereof (more preferably, wherein the water miscible organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol and mixtures thereof; most preferably, wherein the water miscible organic solvent is glycerol) .
[0039] Preferably, the water used in the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention is at least one of distilled water and deionized water. More preferably, the water used in the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention is distilled and deionized.
[0040] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an amine oxide surfactant. More preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an amine oxide surfactant; wherein the amine oxide sufactant is of formula A
[0041] wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of a C8-22 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C8-22 alkyl group, a C8-22 alkyl phenyl group and mixtures thereof (preferably, a linear C8-22 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C10-18 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C10-12 alkyl group) ; wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of a C2-3 alkylene group, a hydroxy-C2-3 alkylene group and mixtures thereof; and wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-3 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C1-3 alkyl group, a - (CH2CH2O) d-wherein d is 1 to 3 and mixtures thereof (optionally, R10 and R11 can be attached together (e.g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom) to form a ring structure. Still more preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an amine oxide surfactant; wherein the amine oxide surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a linear C10-18 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide, a linear C8-12 alkoxyethyl dihydroxyethyl amine oxide and mixtures thereof. Yet more preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an amine oxide surfactant; wherein the amine oxide surfactant is a linear C10-14 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide. Most preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, comprises 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an amine oxide surfactant; wherein the amine oxide surfactant is a linear C12 alkyl dimethyl amine oxide.
[0042] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 50 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 0.6 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 0.7 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I
[0043] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (more preferably, galactose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, glucose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) . The number of carbons present in R1 and R2 and the value of n are all determined according to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization provided below.
[0044] More preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 50 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 0.6 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 0.7 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (more preferably, galactose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, glucose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) with any one or more of the following additional provisos (i) - (v) (all provisos taken individually, all possible combinations of two or more provisos and all of the provisos together are contemplated) :
[0045] (i) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 0.01 wt% (preferably, < 0.001 wt%; more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still more preferably, less than detectable limit; most preferably, 0 wt%) of molecules comprising disaccharide moieties selected from the group consisting of lactose, melibiose, maltose and cellobiose;
[0046] (ii) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 1.5 ppm (preferably, < 1.25 ppm; more preferably, < 1.2 ppm; still more preferably, < 1.15 ppm; yet more preferably, < 1.1 ppm; still yet more preferably, < 1 ppm; yet still more preferably, < 0.5 ppm; still even more preferably, < 0.3 ppm; yet even more preferably, < 0.2 ppm; still yet even more preferably, < 0.1 ppm; most preferably, less than the detectable limit) of 1, 4 dioxane (preferably, wherein the 1, 4 dioxane content is measured by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) ) ;
[0047] (iii) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 2 wt% (preferably, < 1.75 wt%; more preferably, < 1.5 wt%; still more preferably, < 1.25 wt%; yet more preferably, < 1.1 wt%; most preferably, ≤ 1 wt%) , based on solids weight of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I, of an acyclic branched alcohol glycoside of formula III
[0048] wherein R1, R2, Z and x are as described above with respect to formula I;
[0049] (iv) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I has elevated thermal stability (preferably, wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I has enhanced thermal stability) ; and
[0050] (v) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I comprises 90 to 100 wt% (preferably, 95 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 97.5 to 100 wt%; still more preferably, 98 to 100 wt%; yet more preferably, 99 to 100 wt%; still yet more preferably, 99.5 to 100 wt%; yet still more preferably, 99.9 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 100 wt%) , based on weight of the hard surface cleaning formulation, of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the hard surface cleaning formulation.
[0051] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0 to 45 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B
[0052] R12-O- (G) f H (B)
[0053] wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group (preferably, a linear C8-20 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C8-18 alkyl group; still more preferably, a linear C8-16 alkyl group; most preferably, a blend of linear C8-16 alkyl groups) ; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5 (preferably, 1 to 3; more preferably, 1 to 2; most preferably, 1.1 to 2) ; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose (preferably, wherein the weight ratio of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B is 5: 1 to 1: 10 (preferably, 2: 1 to 1: 8; more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 6; most preferably, 1: 2 to 1: 6) .
[0054] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0 to 45 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an anionic surfactant; wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, alkyl benzene sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, alkyl benzene sulfonates, paraffin sulfonic acids, paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonic acids, olefin sulfonates, alpha-sulfocarboxylates, esters of alpha-sulfocarboxylates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonic acids, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, sulfates of fatty acids, sulfonates of fatty acids, sulfonates of fatty acid esters, alkyl phenols, 2-acryloxy-alkane-1-sulfonic acid,
[0055] 2-acryloxy-alkane-1-sulfonate, amine oxides and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0 to 45 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an anionic surfactant; wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of C8-20 alkyl ethoxysulfates, C8-20 alkyl benzene sulfates, C8-20 alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, C8-20 alkyl benzene sulfonate, paraffin sulfonic acid, paraffin sulfonate, alpha-olefin sulfonic acid, alpha-olefin sulfonate, C8-20 alkyl phenols, amine oxides, sulfonates of fatty acids, sulfonates of fatty acid esters and mixtures thereof. Still more preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0 to 45 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an anionic surfactant;
[0056] wherein the anionic surfactant includes an alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C
[0057] wherein each R4 and R5 is independently a C1-17 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R4 and R5 is 7 to 18 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11 or 13) ; wherein M+ is a cation balancing the negative charge of the -SO3-anion of formula C (preferably, a nitrogen containing cation (e.g., an ammonium cation) , a metal cation (e.g., an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation) , a boron containing cation and a phosphorous containing cation) (more preferably, an ammonium cation, an alkali earth metal cation and an alkaline earth metal cation) (still more preferably, an ammonium cation, a sodium cation and a calcium cation) (most preferably, a sodium cation) ; and wherein y is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100; more preferably, 97 to 100; most preferably, 97.5 to 100) of the alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C (preferably, as determined using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization) (preferably, wherein the weight ratio of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to the alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C is 5: 1 to 1: 5 (preferably, 4: 1 to 1: 2.5; more preferably, 3: 1 to 1: 2; most preferably, 2: 1 to 1: 1) . Most preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises 0 to 45 wt% (preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of an anionic surfactant; wherein the anionic surfactant comprises a mixture of alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C and another anioinic surfactant selected from the group consisting of C12-16 alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, C12-16 alkyl benzene sulfonate and mixtures thereof (preferably, wherein the weight ratio of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I to the alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C is 5: 1 to 1: 5 (preferably, 4: 1 to 1: 2.5; more preferably, 3: 1 to 1: 2; most preferably, 2: 1 to 1: 1) ) .
[0058] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of an abrasive, an acid, an antimicrobial agent, a bleaching agent, a buffering agent, a builder, a chelating agent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, an enzyme, a fragrance, an opacifier, a pH adjusting agent, a preservative, a rheology modifier, a salt, and mixtures thereof.
[0059] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises 0 to 10 wt% (preferably, 0 to 3 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a salt (e.g., NaCl) .
[0060] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises an antimicrobial agent. More preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises an antimicrobial agent; wherein the antimicrobial agent is selected from the group consisting of phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, DMDM hydantoin, 2-ethylhexyl glyceryl ether and isothiazolinone (e.g., methylchloroisothiazolinone, methylisothiazolinone) . Still more preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises an antimicrobial agent; wherein the antimicrobial agent is an isothiazolinone (more preferably, wherein the antimicrobial is selected from the group consisting of methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone and mixtures thereof; most preferably, wherein the biocide is methylisothiazolinone) .
[0061] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises a pH adjusting agent. More preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention, further comprises a pH adjusting agent; wherein the aqueous hand dish formulation has a pH of 4.5 to 9 (preferably, 5 to 8; most preferably, 5 to 7) .
[0062] Preferably, the pH adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of at least one of citric acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid, aminoethyl propanediol, triethanolamine, monoethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. More preferably, the pH adjusting agent is selected from the group consisting of at least one of citric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Still more preferably, the pH adjusting agent includes is triethanolamine. Most preferably, the pH adjusting agent is triethanolamine.
[0063] Preferably, the aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention comprises: (a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle (preferably, 45 to 99 wt% (more preferably, 60 to 97 wt%; still more preferably, 70 to 95 wt%; most preferably, 75 to 90 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle) ; (b) an amine oxide surfactant (preferably, 0.01 to 25 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 20 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation of, the amine oxide surfactant) (preferably, wherein the amine oxide surfactant is of formula A; wherein R8 is selected from the group consisting of a C8-22 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C8-22 alkyl group, a C8-22 alkyl phenyl group and mixtures thereof (preferably, a linear C8-22 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C10-18 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C10-12 alkyl group) ; wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of a C2-3 alkylene group, a hydroxy-C2-3 alkylene group and mixtures thereof; wherein b is 0 to 3 (preferably, 0) ; wherein R10 and R11 are independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-3 alkyl group, a hydroxy-C1-3 alkyl group, a - (CH2CH2O) d-, and mixtures thereof; wherein d is 1 to 3) ; (c) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I (preferably, 0.1 to 50 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 0.6 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 0.7 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the hard surface cleaning formulation, of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I) ; wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-13 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11) ; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (more preferably, galactose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, glucose) ) ; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7 (preferably, 1 to 1.6; more preferably, 1 to 1.3; still more preferably, 1 to 1.25; yet more preferably, 1 to 1.2; still yet more preferably, 1 to 1.15; yet still more preferably, 1 to 1.12; most preferably, 1 to 1.1) ; (d) optionally, a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B (preferably, 0 to 45 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 8 wt%) , based on weight of the mixture of alkyl polyglycosides, of the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B) ; wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group (preferably, a linear C8-20 alkyl group; more preferably, a linear C8-18 alkyl group; still more preferably, a linear C8-16 alkyl group; most preferably, a blend of linear C8-16 alkyl groups) ; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5 (preferably, 1 to 3; more preferably, 1 to 2; most preferably, 1.1 to 2) ; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose (preferably, wherein the weight ratio of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula f to the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B is 5: 1 to 1: 10 (preferably, 2: 1 to 1: 8; more preferably 1: 1 to 1: 6; most preferably, 1: 2 to 1: 6) ) ; and (e) optionally, an anionic surfactant (preferably, 0 to 45 wt% (more preferably, 0.5 to 25 wt%; still more preferably, 1 to 15 wt%; most preferably, 2 to 12.5 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of the anionic surfactant) ; and with any one or more of the following additional formulation provisos (i) - (viii) (each formulation proviso taken individually, all possible combinations of two or more formulation provisos and combinations of formulation proviso (s) with mixture proviso (s) discussed previously are contemplated) :
[0064] (i) wherein the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises ≤ 100 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) + (e) ;
[0065] (ii) wherein the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises 95 to 100 wt% (preferably, 96 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 97 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 98 to 100 wt%) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) ;
[0066] (iii) wherein the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises < 0.05 wt% (preferably, <0.01; more preferably, < 0.005; still more preferably, < 0.001; yet more preferably, < 0.0005; still yet more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; most preferably, less than detectable limit) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylate of formula V
[0067] R6CO2 (AO) h R7 (V)
[0068] wherein R6 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl group containing 5 to 21 carbon atoms; wherein AO is a C2-4 alkylene oxide unit; wherein h is 1 to 30 and wherein R7 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
[0069] (iv) wherein the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises < 0.01 wt% (preferably, <0.005 wt%; more preferably, < 0.001 wt%; still more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; yet more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still yet more preferably, < 0.00001 wt%; most preferably, less than detectable limit) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a fatty acid ester of an alkyl glycoside having a fatty acid residue selected from the group consisting of R13(O) O-and / or R14 (O) O-, wherein R13 is a C12 or higher hydrocarbon and R14 is a C6-10 hydrocarbon;
[0070] (v) wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside of formula I comprises 90 to 100 wt% (preferably, 95 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 97.5 to 100 wt%; still more preferably, 98 to 100 wt%; yet more preferably, 99 to 100 wt%; still yet more preferably, 99.5 to 100 wt%; yet still more preferably, 99.9 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 100 wt%) , of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the aqueous hand dish formulation;
[0071] (vi) with the proviso that the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside of formula I and the linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B comprise 95 to 100 wt% (preferably, 97 to 100 wt%; more preferably, 98 to 100 wt%; still more preferably, 99 to 100 wt%; yet more preferably, 99.5 to 100 wt%; still yet more preferably, 99.9 to 100 wt%; yet still more preferably, 99.99 to 100 wt%; most preferably, 100 wt%) of all acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycosides and alkyl polyglycosides in the aqueous hand dish formulation;
[0072] (vii) with the proviso that the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises < 0.1 wt%(preferably, < 0.05 wt%; more preferably, < 0.01 wt%; still more preferably, < 0.001 wt%; yet more preferably, < 0.0001 wt%; still yet more preferably, < 0.00001 wt%; most preferably, less than detectable limit) , based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of a compound of formula VI
[0073] R15-O- (G2) k H (VI)
[0074] wherein R15 is a linear C1-8 alkyl group; wherein G2 is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms and wherein k is an average of 1 to 10; and
[0075] (viii) with the proviso that the aqueous hand dish formulation comprises < detectable limit of compound of formula VII
[0076] wherein R16 is a linear or branched C2-5 alkyl group; wherein R17 is a linear or branched C4-7 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms of R16 and R17 is 7 to 11; wherein G3 is a monosaccharide residue; wherein r is 1 to 4.
[0077] Preferably, the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I of the present invention is prepared by a process including a step of contacting an olefin, an alcohol and a metallosilicate catalyst to form oligomers of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II
[0078] wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group (preferably, a C1-15 alkyl group; more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; still more preferably, a C1-12 alkyl group; most preferably, a linear C1-12 alkyl group) ; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17 (preferably, 10 to 16; more preferably, 10 to 14; still more preferably, 11 to 13; most preferably, 11) ; and wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II. The number of carbons present in R1 and R2 and the value of n are all determined according to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization provided below.
[0079] Contacting the olefin, alcohol, metallosilicate catalyst and solvent result in the generation of an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II. The chemical reaction between the olefin and the alcohol is catalyzed by the metallosilicate catalyst in a reactor to generate the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II.
[0080] The reaction of the olefin and the alcohol may take place at a temperature from 50 ℃to 300 ℃ (preferably, 100 ℃ to 140 ℃) . In a specific example, the reaction may be carried out at 135 ℃. Reaction of the olefin and the alcohol may be carried out in a batch reactor, continuous reactor or fixed-bed reactor. In operation of the chemical reaction, the acid sites of the metallosilicate catalyst catalyze the etherification of the olefin to the alcohol through an addition type reaction. The reaction of the olefin and the alcohol produces the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II.
[0081] The olefin used in the process may be a linear acyclic, a branched acyclic or mixtures thereof. The olefin may be a C8 to C18 olefin. The olefin may be a C8 olefin, or a C9 olefin, or a C10 olefin, or a C11 olefin, or a C12 olefin, or a C13 olefin, or a C14 olefin, or a C15 olefin, or a C16 olefin, or a C17 olefin, or a C18 olefin.
[0082] The olefin may include alkenes such as internal disubstituted olefins. Internal disubstituted olefins include an unsaturated bond not in a terminal location on the olefin. Internal olefins may be selected from the group consisting of 2-octene, 3-octene, 4-octene, 2-nonene, 3-nonene, 4-nonene, 2-decene, 3-decene, 4-decene, 5-decene and combinations thereof.
[0083] Examples of suitable commercially available olefins include NEODENETM 8, NEODENETM 10, NEODENETM 12, NEODENETM 14, NEODENETM 16, NEODENETM 1214, NEODENETM 1416, NEODENETM 16148 from Shell, The Hague, Netherlands.
[0084] The alcohol utilized in the process is a monoethylene glycol.
[0085] A molar ratio of alcohol to olefin in the process may be from be 20: 1 or less, or 15: 1 or less, or 10: 1 or less, or 9: 1 or less, or 8: 1 or less, or 7: 1 or less, or 6: 1 or less, or 5: 1 or less, or 4: 1 or less, or 3: 1 or less, or 2: 1 or less, or 0.2: 1 or less, while at the same time, 0.1: 1 or greater, or 1: 1 or greater, or 1: 2 or greater, or 1: 3 or greater, or 1: 4 or greater, or 1: 5 or greater, or 1: 6 or greater, or 1: 7 or greater, or 1: 8 or greater, or 1: 9 or greater, or 1: 10 or greater, or 1: 15 or greater, or 1: 20 or greater.
[0086] As used herein the term “metallosilicate catalyst” is an aluminosilicate (commonly referred to as a zeolite) compound having a crystal lattice that has had one or more metal elements substituted in the crystal lattice for a silicon atom. The crystal lattice of the metallosilicate catalyst form cavities and channels inside where cations, water and / or small molecules may reside. The substitute metal element may include one or more metals selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn, P, As, Sb, Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Pb, Pd, Pt, Au, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn. The metallosilicate catalyst may be substantially free of Hf. According to various examples, the metallosilicate may have a silica to alumina ratio of from 5: 1 to 1, 500: 1 as measured using Neutron Activation Analysis. The silica to alumina ratio may be from 5: 1 to 1, 500: 1, or from 10: 1 to 500: 1, or from 10: 1 to 400: 1, or from 10: 1 to 300: 1 or from 10: 1 to 200: 1. Such a silica to alumina ratio may be advantageous in providing a highly homogenous metallosilicate catalyst with an organophilic-hydrophobic selectivity that adsorb non-polar organic molecules.
[0087] The metallosilicate catalyst may have one or more ion-exchangeable cations outside the crystal lattice. The ion-exchangeable cation may include H+, Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Sc3+, Y3+, La3+, R4N+, R4P+ (where R is H or alkyl) .
[0088] The metallosilicate catalyst may take a variety of crystal structures. Specific examples of the metallosilicate catalyst structures include MFI (e.g. ZSM-5) , MEL (e.g. ZSM-11) , BEA (e.g. β-type zeolite) , FAU (e.g. Y-type zeolite) , MOR (e.g. Mordenite) , MTW (e.g. ZSM-12) , and LTL (e.g. Linde L) , as described using IUPAC codes in accordance with nomenclature by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association.
[0089] The crystalline frameworks of metallosilicate catalyst are represented by networks of molecular-sized channels and cages comprised of corner-shared tetrahedral [TO4] (T=Si or Al) primary building blocks. A negative charge can be introduced onto the framework via the isomorphous substitution of a framework tetravalent silicon by a trivalent metal (e.g., aluminum) atom. The overall charge neutrality is then achieved by the introduction of cationic species compensating for the resulting negative lattice charge. When such a charge-compensation is provided by protons, acid sites are formed rendering the resulting H-forms of zeolites strong solid acids.
[0090] The metallosilicate catalysts may be used in the method in a variety of forms. For example, the metallosilicate catalysts may be powdered (e.g., particles having a longest linear dimension of less than 100 micrometers) , granular (e.g., particles having a longest linear dimension of 100 micrometers or greater) , or molded articles of powdered and / or granular metallosilicate catalysts.
[0091] The metallosilicate catalysts may have a surface area of 100 m2 / g or greater, or 200 m2 / g or greater, or 300 m2 / g or greater, or 400 m2 / g or greater, or 500 m2 / g or greater, or 600 m2 / g or greater, or 700 m2 / g or greater, or 800 m2 / g or greater, or 900 m2 / g or greater, while at the same time, 1000 m2 / g or less, or 900 m2 / g or less, or 800 m2 / g or less, or 700 m2 / g or less, or 600 m2 / g or less, or 500 m2 / g or less, or 400 m2 / g or less, or 300 m2 / g or less, or 200 m2 / g or less. Surface area is measured according to ASTM D4365 –19.
[0092] Metallosilicate catalysts can be synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis methods. For example, the metallosilicate catalysts can be synthesized from heating a composition comprising a silica source (e.g., silica sol, silica gel, and alkoxysilanes) , a metal source (e.g., metal sulfates, metal oxides, metal halides, etc. ) , and a quaternary ammonium salt (e.g., tetraethylammonium salt or tetrapropylammonium) to a temperature of about 100℃ to about 175℃ until a crystal solid forms. The resulting crystal solid is then filtered off, washed with water, and dried, and then calcined at a temperature form 350℃ to 600℃.
[0093] Examples of suitable commercially available metallosilicate catalysts include CP814E, CP814C, CP811C-300, CBV 712, CBV 720, CBV 760, CBV 2314, CBV 10A from ZEOLYST INTERNATIONALTM of Conshohocken, PA.
[0094] Due to the natural distribution of products resulting from processes employed in forming the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II, oligomers of formula II can vary in the value that n has. Preferably, a composition of oligomers of formula II may have the same R1 and R2, but different n values of 1, 2 and 3. As a whole, n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol% (preferably, 96 to 100 mol%; more preferably, 97 to 100 mol%; still more preferably, 97.5 to 100 mol%; yet more preferably, 98 to 100 mol%; still yet more preferably, 98.5 to 100 mol%; yet still more preferably, 99 to 100 mol%; most preferably, 99.5 to 100 mol%) of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II, as determined according to 13C nuclear magnetic resonance characterization provided below.
[0095] The acyclic branched alcohol ethoxylate of formula II may be reacted with a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms (preferably, wherein the monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms is selected from the group consisting of ribulose, xylulose, ribose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactose, mannose, glucose and mixtures thereof (preferably, arabinose, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; more preferably, xylose, glucose and mixtures thereof; most preferably, xylose) ) using known methods to form an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside of formula I.
[0096] Preferably, the method of manually washing an article of the present invention, comprises: providing a soiled article, wherein the soiled article is selected from the group consisting of at least one of dishware, glassware, flatware, pots and pans (preferably, wherein the soiled article is selected from the group consisting of at least one of dishware, glassware and flatware; preferably, wherein the soiled article is soiled with a greasy food soil) ; providing an aqueous hand dish formulation of the present invention; manually contacting the soiled article with the aqueous hand dish formulation to form a cleaned article; and rinsing the aqueous hand dish formulation from the cleaned article.
[0097] Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in the following Examples.
[0098] Experimental Materials
[0099] Synthesis S1: Acyclic Branched C12EO
[0100] A 250 mL 3-neck glass round bottom flask, equipped with an overhead stirred through the center neck, reflux condenser and a heating jacket was used for the etherification of 1-dodecene and monoethylene glycol with the catalyst. To ensure good mixing, a pitch blade impeller was used for agitation. A reaction mixture of 551.7 grams (g) ethylene glycol and 505.8 g 1-dodecene was prepared and loaded in the reactor together with 61 g catalyst in powdered form at 23 ℃. The impeller stirring rate was set to be at 400 revolutions per minute ( “rpm” ) . The reactor was heated to 135 ℃ in over the course of 30 minutes, held at 135 ℃ for 18 hours and then the reactor was cooled down to 23 ℃ by shutting off the heater. The reaction mixture was separated into a monoethylene glycol and catalyst phase and an olefin phase using a separation funnel.
[0101] A distillation apparatus was constructed using a 1-liter round bottom flask connected to a short path distillation head with a thermometer adapter and a condenser with a vacuum adapter at the outlet. The distillation flask was heated in an aluminum block by an IKA heated stir-plate. The distillation pot was charged with the combined olefin phase and then stirring and vacuum were applied. Significant boiling was observed but no condensate was observed or collected. The temperature of the heating block was raised to 75 ℃ and unreacted dodecane was collected at a distillation head temperature of 25 ℃ to 50 ℃ and a pressure of 13.3-40 pascals (Pa) . The heating block temperature was raised gradually to 140 ℃ and an intermediate fraction containing both monoether alcohol ethoxylates and dodecenes was recovered while the head temperature increased from 50 ℃ to 75 ℃ at a pressure of 13 Pa. The C12EO was collected at a head temperature of 70 ℃ to 115 ℃ and a pressure of 6 Pa to 33 Pa. The heating block temperature was raised gradually to 200 ℃ and an intermediate fraction containing both monoether alcohol ethoxylates and diether was collected while the head temperature increased from 115 ℃ to 130 ℃ at a pressure of 6 Pa. The distillation was discontinued and the diether, which remained in the pot, was collected. The C12EO was subsequently used in the process to make an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycose surfactant.
[0102] Synthesis S2: Acyclic Branched C14EO
[0103] A 300 mL Parr reactor with a heating jacket and controller was used for the etherification of 1-tetradecene and monoethylene glycol with a catalyst. To ensure good mixing, a pitch blade impeller was used for agitation.
[0104] The reaction mixture of 100.0 g monoethylene glycol and 100.0 g 1-tetradecene was prepared and loaded in the reactor together with 10.0 g powder form catalyst at 23 ℃. The impeller stirring rate was set to be at least 600 rpm. The reactor was heated up to 135 ℃ in 30 minutes, held at 135 ℃ for 6 hours and then the reactor was cooled down to room temperature by shutting off the heater. The reaction mixture was separated by a separation funnel. The reaction mixture was separated into a monoethylene glycol and catalyst phase and an olefin phase using a separation funnel. Fifteen batches were generated and the olefin phases were collected and combined for distillation.
[0105] The same distillation apparatus as used in the Synthesis S1 was used for distillation of the C14EO. The distillation pot was charged with the products in the olefin phase from multiple batch reactor runs and then stirring and vacuum were applied. Significant boiling was observed but no condensate was observed or collected. The temperature of the heating block was raised to 95 ℃ and unreacted 1-tetradecene was collected at a distillation head temperature of 30 ℃ to 60 ℃ at a pressure of 27 Pa to 5 Pa. The heating block temperature was raised gradually to 170 ℃ and an intermediate fraction containing both monoether and tetradecene was recovered while the head temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 85 ℃ at a pressure of 7 Pa to 5 Pa. The C14EO was collected at a head temperature of 80 ℃ to 115 ℃and a pressure of 8 Pa to 5 Pa. The distillation was discontinued when no more material would distill over with the pot temperature set at 170 ℃. The distillation was discontinued and the diether, which remained in the pot, was collected. The C14EO was subsequently used in the process to make an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycose surfactant.
[0106] Synthesis S3: Acyclic Branched C12EO Glucoside
[0107] A 250 mL three necked round-bottomed reactor fitted was a magnetic stirrer and a straight water cooled condenser and was placed in an aluminum heating block. To the reactor was added acyclic branched C12EO prepared according to Synthesis S1 (115 g, 0.5 mol) , glucose (18 g, 0.1 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.344 g, 0.002 mol) . A 50 ml flask was linked to the condenser with vacuum pump linked to collect water evaporated from the reactor contents. Vacuum was applied to the reactor contents and adjusted to < 200 mbar. The reactor contents were then heated using the aluminum block heater set to 110 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction, vacuum was removed and the reactor contents were cooled down to 50 ℃. The pH of the reactor contents was then adjusted to between 7 and 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mol / L) . The reactor contents were then purified by column chromatography on silica using methanol-methanol / ethyl acetate (1: 10) gradient. The fractions that contained glucosides were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a viscous brown liquid. The resulting viscous liquid was further dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
[0108] Synthesis S4: Acyclic Branched C14EO Glucoside
[0109] A 250 mL three necked round-bottomed reactor fitted was a magnetic stirrer and a straight water cooled condenser and was placed in an aluminum heating block. To the reactor was added acyclic branched C14EO prepared according to Synthesis S2 (129 g, 0.5 mol) , glucose (18 g, 0.1 mol) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.344 g, 0.002 mol) . A 50 ml flask was linked to the condenser with vacuum pump linked to collect water evaporated from the reactor contents. Vacuum was applied to the reactor contents and adjusted to < 200 mbar. The reactor contents were then heated using the aluminum block heater set to 110 ℃ and maintained at that temperature for 6 hours. After the reaction, vacuum was removed and the reactor contents were cooled down to 50 ℃. The pH of the reactor contents was then adjusted to between 7 and 8 with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (2 mol / L) . The reactor contents were then purified by column chromatography on silica using methanol-methanol / ethyl acetate (1: 10) gradient. The fractions that contained glucosides were concentrated on a rotary evaporator to give a viscous brown liquid. The resulting viscous liquid was further dried in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃ for 2 hours.
[0110] Synthesis S5: C12EO Sulfate
[0111] All chemical manipulations were conducted under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. Prior to the experiment all glassware was heated in a laboratory oven to remove residual water. A 2-L three-neck round bottom flask was loaded with dichloromethane (500 mL) and acyclic branched C12EO prepared according to Synthesis S1 (40 g, 0.173 mol, 1.0 equivalents) . The reaction flask was equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer, additional funnel, and thermocouple. Next, chlorosulfonic acid (12.7 mL, 0.191 mol, 1.1 equivalents) was carefully loaded into the additional funnel. The reaction flask was then submerged into an ice-bath and allowed to cool for 20 minutes, down to 0 ℃. Once the reaction was cooled, chlorosulfonic acid was added to the reaction flask dropwise, at a rate of approx. 1.0 mL per minute, over approximately 20 minutes. During the addition of chlorosulfonic acid the reaction temperature did not exceed 5 ℃. After the addition, the reaction was allowed to react, and the temperature was kept between 0 and 5 ℃, for 3 hours. At this time, the reaction was neutralized by slow dropwise addition of an aqueous NaOH solution (18.0 g NaOH in 500 mL of water, 0.9 molar) . The rate of addition was slow enough to not exceed 5 ℃ over the course of addition. The solution became basic after the addition of ~300 mL of 0.9 molar NaOH solution. Dichloromethane was then carefully removed from the biphasic reaction in vacuo. During the removal of the dichloromethane, a large amount of foam was observed. Upon removal of the dichloromethane, the remaining aqueous solution was placed in a freeze drier / lyophilizer to yield the secondary alcohol ethoxylate sulfate product, C12EO Sulfate, as a whiteish solid (61.9 grams) .
[0112] Synthesis S6: C14EO Sulfate
[0113] All chemical manipulations were conducted under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. Prior to the experiment all glassware was heated in a laboratory oven to remove residual water. A 2-L three-neck round bottom flask was loaded with dichloromethane (500 mL) and acyclic branched C14EO prepared according to Synthesis S2 (50 g, 0.193 mol, 1.0 equivalents) . The reaction flask was equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer, additional funnel, and thermocouple. Next, chlorosulfonic acid (14.2 mL, 0.213 mol, 1.1 equivalents) was carefully loaded into the additional funnel. The reaction flask was then submerged into an ice-bath and allowed to cool for 20 minutes, down to 0 ℃. Once the reaction was cooled, chlorosulfonic acid was added to the reaction flask dropwise, at a rate of approximately 1.0 mL per minute, over approximately 20 minutes. During the addition of chlorosulfonic acid the reaction temperature did not exceed 5 ℃. After the addition, the reaction was allowed to react and the temperature was kept between 0 ℃ and 5 ℃, for 3 hours. At this time, the reaction was neutralized by slow dropwise addition of aqueous NaOH (18.0 g in 500 mL of water, 0.9 molar) . The rate of addition was slow enough to not exceed 5 ℃ over the course of addition. The solution became basic after the addition of about 400 mL of 0.9 molar NaOH solution. Dichloromethane was then carefully removed from the biphasic reaction in vacuo. During the removal of DCM, a large amount of foam was observed. Upon removal of DCM, the remaining aqueous solution was placed in a freeze drier / lyophilizer to give the secondary alcohol ethoxylate sulfate product (68.6 grams) .
[0114] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Degree of Polymerization (DP) Characterization
[0115] The materials prepared according to Syntheses S3-S4 were dissolved into deuterated DMSO-d6 to form a homogeneous solution at a concentration ~ 15-20 wt%at 25 ℃. NMR spectroscopy was conducted on a 600 MHz Bruker Avance spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm cryogenic probe. Quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy employed the single pulse method using the inverse-gated 1H decoupling with a total repetition time of 20s (> 5× of T1, maximum) and acquisition time of 1.5 s. The receiver gain was optimized, and 128-256 scans were recorded to generate adequate spectral sensitivity for quantitative analysis. The spectral width was set to 220 ppm for 13C and 20 ppm for 1H with the center of frequency located at 100 and 4 ppm, respectively. DP is defined as the molar ratio of hydrophilic sugar head to the hydrophobic tail, which is measured via quantitative 13C NMR spectroscopy. The relative amount of sugar head Ihead is quantified using the integral of the characteristic peak from
[0116] 96-110 ppm. The relative amount of the hydrophobic tail is quantified using the integral of the characteristic chain end methyl signal Itail. The DP is then calculated using the equation below with results provided in TABLE 1:
[0117] TABLE 1
[0118] EO Distribution
[0119] The distribution of EO adducts in the surfactants listed in TABLE 2 was determined by NMR or UHPLC-MS as noted using the methodology set forth below with the results provided in TABLE 2.
[0120] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance EO Distribution Characterization (NMR)
[0121] Samples of surfactant to be analyzed were prepared by dissolving the surfactant in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide containing 0.025 M chromium (III) acetylacetonate. Nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectra of the samples were then collected on a Bruker AVANCE 400 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm cryo-probe set to 25 ℃, with the following parameters: a 90°-pulse, inverse-gated decoupling, a 1.38 second acquisition time, and a 6.4 second recycle delay. 2048 scans were collected. The data was processed in MNOVA, and the chemical shifts were referenced to the solvent peak at 39.52 ppm. A DEPT-135 experiment was also acquired with the same parameters, but with a 2.0 second recycle delay, and 2048 scans. The ratios of different EO adducts are calculated by integrating and comparing the intensity of the ethylene oxide alcohol end groups from about 60-61 ppm, the ethylene oxide backbone groups from about 69-70 ppm, the ethylene oxide end group ether peak from about 71-72 ppm, the unreacted primary alcohol peaks from about 60-61 ppm, and the unreacted secondary alcohol peaks from about 65-66 ppm.
[0122] TABLE 2
[0123] At least 95 mol%of the products of Syntheses S1-S2 had an n of 1 and no more than 5 mol%the oligomers had an n of ≥ 2. Specifically, ≥ 98 mol%of the products of Syntheses S1-S2 had an n of 1 and ≤ 2 mol%of the oligomers had an n of ≥ 2.
[0124] 1, 4 dioxane Content
[0125] Procedure for Acid Digestion
[0126] Load a sample vial with 0.5 grams of the alcohol ethoxylate material to be tested. Next, concentrated sulfuric acid (4.0 grams, ACS reagent 95-98%) is added to form a reaction solution and the sample vial is tightly capped. The sample vials are then placed onto a heated block and the samples heated to 90℃. Once the set temperature is reached, the reaction is allowed to react for 1 hour. Once completed, the reaction sample vials are removed and allowed to cool to 23℃. While this sample is cooling, a separate gas chromatography head space vial is loaded with 0.9 grams of 1 molar aqueous NaOH solution and is cooled in an ice bath. After the reaction solution is cooled, 0.1 grams is added to the pre-cooled gas chromatography head space vial. The vial is capped immediately and placed back into the ice bath. This sample is then analyzed by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection ( “HS-GC / FID” ) to determine the amount of 1, 4 dioxane formed during the digestion. 1, 4 dioxane will complex with sulfuric acid, thus the neutralization step is necessary to liberate any 1, 4 dioxane generated during the sulfuric acid digestion of the samples.
[0127] Acid Digestion Analysis
[0128] The neutralized headspace vials are heated at 90℃ for 15 minutes in order to allow the concentration of 1, 4 dioxane to equilibrate into the headspace. A 2.5 ml aliquot of the headspace is extracted using a gas-tight syringe heated at 150℃ and subsequently injected into the gas chromatographic instrument. The volatile components in the headspace sample are separated using a Porabond Q column and then detected by a flame ionization detector. The Porabond Q column is used because it does not readily degrade under acidic or basic conditions and is able to provide the best separation and limit of detection of 1, 4 dioxane amongst the other acid degraded sample matrix components. Quantitation is performed by external standardization and the method is found to have a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm (w / w) for 1, 4 dioxane.
[0129] The 1, 4 dioxane content of the materials listed in TABLE 3 was determined by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (HS-GC / FID) as noted using the methodology set forth above with the results provided in TABLE 3.
[0130] TABLE 3
[0131] Given the understanding how 1, 4 dioxane is believed to be formed, it is important to know the stability of alcohol ethoxylates under acidic environments such as the H2SO4 acidic digestion experiment. The commercial linear primary C12-14 alcohol ethoxylate has an average of one ethyleneoxide adduct per molecule. Notwithstanding, the material contained a significant amount of unreacted alcohol and molecules with ≥ 2 ethyleneoxides. Alcohol ethoxylates having ≥ 2 ethyleneoxides per molecule provide a chemical path for the formation of 1, 4 dioxane in acidic conditions.
[0132] The product C12EO of Synthesis S1 was also tested in the acid digestion study. After acid digestion, the 1, 4 dioxane content was 0.00052 wt% (5.2 ppm) confirming that compositions rich (i.e., ≥ 95 mol%) in 1EO alcohol ethoxylate exhibit better stability under acidic conditions thereby avoiding 1, 4 dioxane formation. A very small amount of 1, 4 dioxane was observed, likely due to the 1 mol%of ≥ 2EO alcohol ethoxylate present. It is expected that C14EO would provide the same low 1, 4 dioxane concentration as it similarly has a single EO unit in ≥ 95 mol%of molecules.
[0133] Procedure for Alcohol Ethoxy Glycoside Dioxane Study
[0134] Step 1: Synthesis of Butyl Glucoside: A 500 mL two necked round bottomed flask outfitted with nitrogen inlet, magnetic stir bar and dean-stark trap with condenser and nitrogen outlet (to bubbler) served as the vessel for this reaction. The flask was charged with glucose (75.13 g) followed by 1-butanol (200 mL, 5.25 equiv) and hexanes (20 mL) . The same percentage mixture was added to the dean stark trap to fill the void space so that concentration was not affected during the reaction. Stirring was initiated and to the heterogenous mixture was then added in p-TSA-H2O (0.787 g, 0.01 equiv) . The solution was then heated with an aluminum heating block at a mantle temp of 130 ℃ to yield a light reflux, which resulted in the removal of water over the course of the 2.5 hour reaction time. During this time the mixture became homogenous and the amber colored. The heat was removed and the solution allowed to cool for 30 minutes. After cooling the dean stark trap was replaced with a short path distillation head and the solution again heated to 130 ℃mantle temp. The excess butanol was removed over the course of 2.5 hours during which time vacuum was continually lowered to maintain steady flow of butanol. The resulting material was an extremely viscous black colored semisolid. The acid was not quenched due to further use of the material needing acidic conditions.
[0135] Step 2: Synthesis of Alcohol Ethoxylate Glucoside: A 250 mL round bottomed flask with magnetic stir bar, condenser, and attached nitrogen inlet. The flask was charged with the unneutralized butyl glucoside (11 g, 1.0 equiv. ) from Step 1 and the alcohol ethoxylate (s) of interest (4.0 equiv) . Due to the limited solubility of the butyl glucoside at room temperature additional pTSA (24 mg, 0.0027 equiv) was added to each of the reaction mixtures. The mixtures were then heated to 130 ℃ (mantle temperature) and stirred for 3 hours. The mixtures were allowed to cool to room temperature and the crude reactions were then analyzed by HSGC-MS to determine dioxane content.
[0136] Headspace Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) conditions for 1, 4-dioxane measurement from APG synthesis: Headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to analyze and quantitate the amount of dioxane in samples from the APG synthesis. Quantitation was done via single point standard addition using the instrument conditions below.
[0137] Standard addition samples were prepared by first preparing standards of dioxane from 10-1000 ppm in water. Then varying amounts (0.01-0.05 g) were spiked onto 1g of samples at roughly 2x the estimated concentration. These spike concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 30 ppm.
[0138] Samples were prepared by weighing 1 g of sample into a headspace vial and crimping shut. These samples were run under the HSGC-MS conditions stated above.
[0139] The 1, 4-dioxane content of the materials listed in TABLE 4 was determined by Headspace Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (HSGC-MS) as noted using the methodology set forth above with the results provided in TABLE 4.
[0140] Calculation of 1, 4 dioxane content relative to theoretical yield
[0141] The ppm of 1, 4 dioxane content relative to the theoretical yield of the sample calculated according to the following equation:
[0142] To calculate the total reaction volume, it was assumed the density of the reaction mixture (butyl glucoside and alcohol ethoxylate) was 1.0 g / cm3.
[0143] TABLE 4
[0144] The headspace gas chromatography results obtained from the crude alcohol ethoxylate glucoside reactions contained 5.4 ppm of dioxane for commercial alcohol ethoxylate A and 1.6 ppm of dioxane for commercial alcohol ethoxylate B. As these commercial alcohol ethoxylates have an average of 3 and 1 ethylene oxide units, respectively, the materials contain a significant amount of molecules with ≥ 2 ethylene oxides. As stated previously, alcohol ethoxylates having ≥ 2 ethylene oxides per molecule provide a chemical path for the formation of 1, 4-dioxane under acidic conditions. This gives rise to the elevated dioxane levels observed for commercial alcohol ethoxylate A and B. Surprisingly, the dioxane content for the crude reaction of Synthesis S2 falls below the limit of detection (0.1 ppm) of the HSGC-MS method. These results, along with the results from the acid digestion study, further demonstrates how products of Synthesis S1 and Synthesis S2 are much more resistant to dioxane formation under elevated temperature and acidic conditions used for the synthesis of alkyl polyglycoside surfactants.
[0145] Comparative Examples CF1-CF3 and Examples F1-F4: Hand Dish Formulations
[0146] An aqueous hand dish formulation was prepared in each of Comparative Examples CF1-CF3 and Examples F1-F4 with the composition noted in TABLE 5. DI water was added to a glass jar followed by each component one at a time with mixing in the order listed from top to bottom in TABLE 5. Before the addition of the lauramine oxide, the pH was adjusted to 7.5 (as necessary) using 10 wt%citric acid or 10 wt%sodium hydroxide.
[0147] Prophetic Examples P1-P4: Hand Dish Formulations
[0148] An aqueous hand dish formulation is prepared in each of Prophetic Examples P1-P4 with the composition noted in TABLE 5. DI water is added to a glass jar followed by each component one at a time with mixing in the order listed from top to bottom in TABLE 5. Before the addition of the lauramine oxide, the pH is adjusted to 7.5 (as necessary) using 10 wt%citric acid or 10 wt%sodium hydroxide.
[0149] TABLE 5
[0150] Food Soil Preparation
[0151] A beef tallow based food soil was prepared by fully melting beef tallow in an oven set to 60 ℃. Oleic acid was melted down as well at 40 ℃. The components listed in TABLE 6 were combined together in the order presented in the table from top to bottom and heated in an oven set to 60 ℃ with mixing. The resulting soil mixture was then placed in a refrigerator to store until use.
[0152] TABLE 6
[0153] Grease Swelling Performance
[0154] The day before testing, the food soil prepared as noted above was removed from the refrigerator and placed in an oven set to 60 ℃. Once the food soil was melted, it was shaken well, and 300 μL was added to 1 mL glass PICA vials (1 mL vials were added to an 8x12 high throughput plate; glass vials: Kimble 6083D-843 8x43 mm OD) . The high throughput plate was then placed back in the oven for 1-2 hours, allowing for the food soil to melt down evenly. The high throughput plate was then removed from the oven and placed on the lab benchtop overnight allowing the food soil to solidify.
[0155] Hard water (15 dH) was prepared by mixing together part 1 and part 2 described in TABLE 7 in a 1: 1 wt ratio.
[0156] TABLE 7
[0157] Five wt%dilutions in 15 dH were prepared of the hand dish formulations of Comparative Examples CF1-CF3 and Examples F1-F4. A sample (700 μL) of each dilution was added on top of the soil layer (slowly, without creating foam) , and the vial plate was analyzed using a Dow PICA IIU High Throughput (HTR) Imaging Station. The PICA IIU was programmed to 35 ℃ for 24 hours, then an image was taken. The images were downloaded from Polyview by using the HTR Image Downloader application. From there, the images were processed uwing the Grease Swelling application where the program auto-detects the swollen grease layer measured in pixel depth. The results are provided in TABLE 8.
[0158] Cleaning Performance
[0159] Test tiles (CFT DM-90 beef fat on melamine tile from Testfabrics) were removed from the refirgerator and stored at 21 ℃ for about 2 hours before testing. The tiles were then loaded into a 12-well spring compression device (SCiD) equipped with a gasket to prevent leakage from well to well once compressed. Dilutions of the aqueous hand dish formulations prepared according to Comparative Examples CF1-CF3 and Examples F1-F4 (1 wt%in 15 dH hard water) were prepared. The dilutions were mixed for about 1 hour before use. The 12 well SCiD was then placed on an image station platform and 4 mL of dilution was added to each well using a single, high volume pipette set to 4 mL. Once the wells were loaded, the box cover was put in place, a timer was set for 15 min., the program was stopped, and the SCiD was removed. The process was repeated fro a total of 2 different tiles and 6 replicates per formulation. The process was also completed for a 100%clean tile by filling all th wells with DAWN and allowing it to sit on the tile for 24 hours to obtain what is defined as 100%clean, or the cleanest the tile will get with this test.
[0160] Tile imaging with the setup and conditions noted below, with image analysis using the beef soil analyzer application-difference of gray scale images, normalization.
[0161] Cropper image analysis steps. The image is converted to grayscale with values from 0 to 255. The image is subtracted from the starting image at the beginning of the experiment (t=0) converted to grayscale. The absolute amount of value change of each pixel is calculated and summed. The sum is normalized by the maximum mean pixel value change (=40) at the end of the 24 hour experiment multiplied by the total number of the image pixels. The results of the cleaning performance assessment are provided in TABLE 8.
[0162] Suds Mileage
[0163] The suds mileage performance of the aqueous hand dish formulations prepared according to Comparative Examples CF1-CF3 and Examples F1-F4 was determined using 0.1 wt%dilutions in 15 dH. The dilutions are then added to glass PICA vials (GLC-00896 17 x 60 mm2 dram clear borosilicate vials from Qorpak 02992238) in triplicate per sample tested. The samples were loaded into a PICA (4x6) high throughput plate 12 at a time, therefore testing 4 samples per run.
[0164] Soil is prepped by adding 0.16 wt%oleic acid (Alfa Aesar, 90%) to vegetable oil (Crisco) . The soil was mixed well before using and was stored at 21 ℃ for six months.
[0165] The PICA IILV stage was preheated to 51 ℃ (to allow for testing materials at 46 ℃) for 1 hour. Once equilibrated, the sample plate was added to the PICA platform, and the samples were allowed to equilibrate for 45 minutes before suds mileage testing. The initial flash foam step was used first (8V, 2 sec. shaking) followed by imaging. After the initial flash foam step, the vials were uncapped and 10 μL was added using a positive displacement pipette. The vials were recapped, and the soil mixing method is used (6V, 7 sec. shaking) followed by imaging. The process of soil addition and mixing was repeated for a total of 5 doses.
[0166] Images were downloaded from Polyview using HTR Image Downloader, and foam height was measured using the Manual Phase Application. After the foam height was converted from pixels to cm, and each foam height per dose was added to a JMP file for analysis.
[0167] After 1 week, the vials were reimaged for emulsification determination. The images were downloaded via the HTR Image Downloader and the emulsified layer is determined using DiamHTR grayscale value analysis (1x1.5, ratio=0.09) . Results are provided in TABLE 8.
[0168] TABLE 8
Claims
1.An aqueous hand dish formulation, comprising:(a) a dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle;(b) an amine oxide surfactant;(c) an acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula Iwherein each R1 and R2 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 7 to 17; wherein Z is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms; wherein n is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.7;(d) optionally, a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula BR12-O- (G) f H (B)wherein R12 is a linear C6-22 alkyl group; wherein f is an average of 1 to 5; wherein G is a monosaccharide of glucose; and(e) optionally, an anionic surfactant.2.The aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 1, wherein the dermatologically acceptable aqueous vehicle comprises water and a water miscible organic solvent.3.The aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 3, wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I contains < 1.5 ppm of 1, 4 dioxane.4.The aqueous hand dish formulation of formula I of claim 3, wherein each R1 and R2 is independently a linear C1-11 alkyl group; wherein the sum of the carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is 11.5.The aqueous hand dish formulation of formula I of claim 4, wherein Z is glucose; wherein n is 1 in 98 to 100 mol%of the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I; and wherein x is 1 to 1.15.6.The aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 5, further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of an abrasive, an acid, an antimicrobial agent, a bleaching agent, a buffering agent, a builder, a chelating agent, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, an enzyme, a fragrance, an opacifier, a pH adjusting agent, a preservative, a rheology modifier, a salt, a solvent, an additional surfactant, and mixtures thereof.7.The aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 5, wherein the acyclic branched alcohol ethoxy glycoside surfactant of formula I, comprises 90 to 100 wt%, based on weight of the aqueous hand dish formulation, of all alkyl alkoxy glycosides in the aqueous hand dish formulation.8.The aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 5, comprises a linear alkyl polyglucoside of formula B.9.The aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 5, comprises an anionic surfactant; wherein the anionic surfactant includes an alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C wherein each R4 and R5 is independently a C1-16 alkyl group; wherein M+ is a cation balancing the negative charge of the -SO3- anion of formula I; and wherein y is 1 in 95 to 100 mol%of the alcohol ethoxysulfate surfactant of formula C.10.A method of manually washing an article, comprising:providing a soiled article, wherein the soiled article is selected from the group consisting of at least one of dishware, glassware, flatware, pots and pans;providing an aqueous hand dish formulation of claim 1;manually contacting the soiled article with the aqueous hand dish formulation to provided a cleaned article; andrinsing the aqueous hand dish formulation from the cleaned article.
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