Methods and systems for fast status signaling after wake-up procedure
The introduction of a wake-up signal response carrying status information addresses inefficiencies in wake-up procedures, enhancing network performance by optimizing scheduling and resource allocation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/126773
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-30
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing wake-up procedures in wireless communication networks are inefficient in providing timely status updates about node readiness, leading to suboptimal network performance and resource allocation.
Incorporating a wake-up signal response (WUS) that carries status information, such as buffer status and latency indications, to facilitate efficient network scheduling.
Enhances network performance by quickly providing status updates, optimizing data transmission based on node readiness, and improving resource allocation efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024126773_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FAST STATUS SIGNALING AFTER WAKE-UP PROCEDURE
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to US Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 689,287, filed August 30, 2024, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates, generally, to wake-up procedures in wireless communication networks and, in particular implementations, to fast status signaling after a wake-up procedure.BACKGROUND
[0004] A procedure in which a node is woken up may be referred to as a wake-up (WU) procedure. An example network may have a large number of nodes operating, most of the time, in a “power saving mode” (also referred to, throughout the present disclosure, as a “low power mode” ) . It may be shown that the example network can benefit from WU procedures, for waking up nodes in the network when required, that have been designed to be power efficient.
[0005] A paging application is an example of an application that requires a WU procedure. Consider data destined for a user equipment (UE) that is in an inactive mode or an idle mode. When the data arrives at a base station (BS) for forwarding to the UE, the BS has to, first, use a WU procedure to wake up the UE and, subsequently, transmit the data to the UE in the downlink direction. It should be clear that the scope of the WU procedure is not limited to UEs and may include other nodes. For example, a transmit-receive point (TRP) or a BS may be configured to, under certain circumstances, enter a power saving mode. It follows that the TRP or the BS may be woken up using a WU procedure.SUMMARY
[0006] It is proposed, herein, to add a wake-up signal (WUS) response to a wake-up (WU) procedure. The WUS response can carry status information related to a WUS receiver (RX) . The status information may include an indication of a buffer status and / or an indication of required latency for buffered data. Conveniently, the status information may be employed by network entities when the network entities are optimizing network performance. For example, the network entities may consider the buffer status and the latency requirements when scheduling data transmissions destined for the WUS RX. The WUS response may be shown to quickly provide, to the network entities, a status update about the WUS RX.
[0007] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method includes receiving a wake-up signal response configuration, receiving a wake-up signal, processing the wake-up signal and communicating, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response with embedded status information, the status information based on the processing and related to the first device. In further aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising one or more processors that may be caused, by executing instructions, to carry out this method. In further aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform this method. In further aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform this method.
[0008] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method includes receiving a wake-up signal response configuration, receiving, from a wake-up signal response transmitter, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response with embedded status information and obtaining the status information. In further aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising one or more processors that may be caused, by executing instructions, to carry out this method. In further aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform this method. In further aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform this method.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] For a more complete understanding of the present implementations, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0010] FIG. 1 illustrates, in a schematic diagram, a communication system in which implementations of the disclosure may occur, the communication system includes multiple example electronic devices and multiple example transmit receive points along with various networks;
[0011] FIG. 2 illustrates, in a block diagram, the communication system of FIG. 1, the communication system includes multiple example electronic devices, an example terrestrial transmit receive point and an example non-terrestrial transmit receive point along with various networks;
[0012] FIG. 3 illustrates, as a block diagram, an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in the communication system of FIG. 1, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0013] FIG. 4 illustrates, as a block diagram, an example of an apparatus that may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device in the communication system of FIG. 1, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0014] FIG. 5 illustrates, as a block diagram, an example apparatus that may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0015] FIG. 6 illustrates a network that differs from the network illustrated in FIG. 2 in the addition of a sensing agent, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0016] FIG. 7 illustrates, as a block diagram, a sensing management function, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0017] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a discrete linear frequency modulation sequence;
[0018] FIG. 9 illustrates a general discrete triangular waveform;
[0019] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a first special case of discrete triangular waveform;
[0020] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a second special case of a discrete triangular waveform;
[0021] FIG. 12 illustrates an example WU procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0022] FIG. 13A illustrates another example WU procedure, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0023] FIG. 13B illustrates a WU procedure that is a variation of the example WU procedure of FIG. 13A, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates an example linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal representation in the time-frequency domain;
[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a first example of an LFM-based signal, called a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal;
[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a second example of an LFM-based signal, called a triangular waveform signal;
[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an LFM-based signal in a general format;
[0028] FIG. 18 illustrates a linear feedback shift register;
[0029] FIG. 19 illustrates an example signal that can be used for the WUS response;
[0030] FIG. 20 illustrates an example signal that can be used for the WUS response;
[0031] FIG. 21 illustrates an example signal that can be used for the WUS response;
[0032] FIG. 22 illustrates an example signal that can be used for the WUS response;
[0033] FIG. 23 illustrates some example multi-carrier frequency shift keying waveforms;
[0034] FIG. 24 illustrates a combination of amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying (FSK) ;
[0035] FIG. 25 illustrates an example wherein three nodes including WUS TX and two network nodes receive the WUS response, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0036] FIG. 26 illustrates the charts wherein an LFM-based WUS response is generated in the RF analog domain, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0037] FIG. 27 illustrates a scenario wherein the WUS RX may first generate a discrete LFM-based signal in the baseband digital domain and then convert it to an analog signal using a pulse shaping filter or a digital to analog convertor, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0038] FIG. 28 illustrates generation of the WUS response, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0039] FIG. 29 illustrates an example for the receiver of an LFM-based WUS response, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0040] FIG. 30 illustrates another example for the receiver of an LFM-based WUS response, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0041] FIG. 31 illustrates another example for the receiver of a WUS response generated based on a sequence, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0042] FIG. 32 illustrates an example of a WUS structure, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0043] FIG. 33 illustrates another example of a WUS structure, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0044] FIG. 34 illustrates an example WU procedure which includes WUS response in the form of WUS suffix reflection, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0045] FIG. 35A illustrates another example of WU procedure which includes WUS response in the form of WUS suffix reflection, in accordance with aspects of the present application;
[0046] FIG. 35B illustrates a WU procedure that is a variation of the example WU procedure of FIG. 35A, in accordance with aspects of the present application; and
[0047] FIG. 36 illustrates an example wherein WUS TX receives the WUS response in the form of WUS suffix reflection, in accordance with aspects of the present application.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] For illustrative purposes, specific example implementations will now be explained in greater detail in conjunction with the figures.
[0049] The implementations set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0050] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0051] In FIG. 1, which is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0052] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0053] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other applications, such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, and the like.
[0054] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0055] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for the communication system 100. As described earlier, the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150 and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and 120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms “TRP” and “base station” are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 170c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0056] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0057] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP. ” The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device to facilitate communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0058] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP, as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0059] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area. ” The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD mode or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0060] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements, distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0061] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as “sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) ” in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like “receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) ” may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms “send” and “transmit” may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0062] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0063] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0064] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability; and connection necessity.
[0065] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRP 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with a station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using a UL and / or a DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with the NT-TRP 172.
[0066] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0067] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0068] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0069] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130 and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and / or 120b or the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . The EDs 110a, 110b and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0070] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0071] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as the ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., network node 170) such as a T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310 and one other apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or the number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0072] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may, alternatively, be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, the receiver 203, the processor 210, the memory 208 and the antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0073] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0074] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0075] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) ; b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs; c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs; and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0076] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or be a part of the receiver 203 or be a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0077] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203, may be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0078] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0079] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0080] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310; processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310; preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320; and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing.
[0081] In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0082] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0083] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0084] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0085] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0086] Note that the term “signaling, ” as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a, 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also referred to as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) , which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) , which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) , which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0087] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information, ” when different from “message, ” may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0088] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which, in some instances, may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0089] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method implementations disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method implementations disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or a device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0090] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0091] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0092] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0093] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0094] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0095] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110 –such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core –a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0096] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0097] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0098] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0099] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0100] A memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) ; a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) ; a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) ; a phase-change memory (PCM) ; a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) ; a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) ; a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) ; a cache; a register; a read-only memory (ROM) ; a flash memory (flash memory) ; an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) ; a hard disk; and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute implementations may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method implementations disclosed herein.
[0101] An air interface generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The wireless communications link may support a link between a radio access network and user equipment (e.g., a “Uu” link) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between device and device, such as between two user equipment (e.g., a “sidelink” ) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) -communication network and user equipment (UE) . The following are some examples for the above components.
[0102] ○ A waveform component may specify a shape and a form of a signal being transmitted. Waveform options may include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , Direct Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-OFDM) , Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) , Time windowing OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) , Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) , Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) , Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) , Faster Than Nyquist (FTN) Waveform and low Peak to Average Power Ratio Waveform (low PAPR WF) .
[0103] ○ A frame structure component may specify a configuration of a frame or group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more of a time, frequency, pilot signature, code, subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix length or other parameter of the frame or group of frames. More details of frame structure will be discussed hereinafter.
[0104] ○ A multiple access scheme component may specify multiple access technique options, including technologies defining how communicating devices share a common physical channel, such as: TDMA; FDMA; CDMA; space division multiple access (SDMA) ; OFDMA; SC-FDMA; Low Density Signature Multicarrier CDMA (LDS-MC-CDMA) ; Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) ; Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) ; Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) ; Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) ; and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) . Furthermore, multiple access technique options may include: scheduled access vs. non-scheduled access, also known as grant-free access; non-orthogonal multiple access vs. orthogonal multiple access, e.g., via a dedicated channel resource (e.g., no sharing between multiple communicating devices) ; contention-based shared channel resources vs. non-contention-based shared channel resources; and cognitive radio-based access.
[0105] ○ A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how a transmission and / or a re-transmission is to be made. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or re-transmission mechanism options include those that specify a scheduled data pipe size, a signaling mechanism for transmission and / or re-transmission and a re-transmission mechanism.
[0106] ○ A coding and modulation component may specify how information being transmitted may be encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception purposes. Coding may refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity check codes and polar codes. Modulation may refer, simply, to the constellation (including, for example, the modulation technique and order) , or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods such as hierarchical modulation and low PAPR modulation.
[0107] In some implementations, the air interface may be a “one-size-fits-all concept. ” For example, the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adapted once the air interface is defined. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of an air interface, such as a cyclic prefix (CP) length or a MIMO mode, can be configured. In some implementations, an air interface design may provide a unified or flexible framework to support frequencies below known 6 GHz bands and frequencies beyond the 6 GHz bands (e.g., mmWave bands) for both licensed and unlicensed access. As an example, flexibility of a configurable air interface provided by a scalable numerology and symbol duration may allow for transmission parameter optimization for different spectrum bands and for different services / devices. As another example, a unified air interface may be self-contained in a frequency domain and a frequency domain self-contained design may support more flexible RAN slicing through channel resource sharing between different services in both frequency and time.
[0108] A frame structure is a feature of the wireless communication physical layer that defines a time domain signal transmission structure, e.g., to allow for timing reference and timing alignment of basic time domain transmission units. Wireless communication between communicating devices may occur on time-frequency resources governed by a frame structure. The frame structure may, sometimes, instead be called a radio frame structure.
[0109] Depending upon the frame structure and / or configuration of frames in the frame structure, frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time-division duplex (TDD) and / or full duplex (FD) communication may be possible. FDD communication is when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur in different frequency bands. TDD communication is when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur over different time durations. FD communication is when transmission and reception occurs on the same time-frequency resource, i.e., a device can both transmit and receive on the same frequency resource concurrently in time.
[0110] One example of a frame structure is a frame structure in long-term evolution (LTE) cellular systems, having the following specifications: each frame is 10 ms in duration; each frame has 10 subframes, which subframes are each 1 ms in duration; each subframe includes two slots, each of which slots is 0.5 ms in duration; each slot is for the transmission of seven OFDM symbols (assuming normal CP) ; each OFDM symbol has a symbol duration and a particular bandwidth (or partial bandwidth or bandwidth partition) related to the number of subcarriers and subcarrier spacing; the frame structure is based on OFDM waveform parameters such as subcarrier spacing and CP length (where the CP has a fixed length or limited length options) ; and the switching gap between uplink and downlink in TDD has to be the integer time of OFDM symbol duration.
[0111] Another example of a frame structure is a frame structure in new radio (NR) having the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponding to a respective numerology; the frame structure depends on the numerology, but the frame length is set at 10 ms and each frame consists of ten subframes, each subframe of 1 ms duration; a slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols; and slot length depends upon the numerology. For example, the NR frame structure for normal CP 15 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 1” ) and the NR frame structure for normal CP 30 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 2” ) are different. For 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 1 ms and, for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 0.5 ms. The NR frame structure may have more flexibility than the LTE frame structure.
[0112] Another example of a frame structure is an example flexible frame structure, e.g., for use in a 6G network or a later network. In a flexible frame structure, a symbol block may be defined as the minimum duration of time that may be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block may be a unit of transmission having an optional redundancy portion (e.g., CP portion) and an information (e.g., data) portion. An OFDM symbol is an example of a symbol block. A symbol block may alternatively be called a symbol. Implementations of flexible frame structures include different parameters that may be configurable, e.g., frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, etc. A non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters, in some implementations of a flexible frame structure, includes:
[0113] 1) A frame length parameter: The frame length need not be limited to 10 ms and the frame length may be configurable and change over time. In some implementations, each frame includes one or multiple downlink synchronization channels and / or one or multiple downlink broadcast channels and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel may be transmitted in a different direction by different beamforming. The frame length may be more than one possible value and configured based on the application scenario. For example, autonomous vehicles may require relatively fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 5 ms for autonomous vehicle applications. As another example, smart meters on houses may not require fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 20 ms for smart meter applications.
[0114] 2) A subframe duration parameter: A subframe might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. For example, a frame may be defined to include slots, but no subframes. In frames in which a subframe is defined, e.g., for time domain alignment, then the duration of the subframe may be configurable. For example, a subframe may be configured to have a length of 0.1 ms or 0.2 ms or 0.5 ms or 1 ms or 2 ms or 5 ms, etc. In some implementations, if a subframe is not needed in a particular scenario, then the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length or not defined.
[0115] 3) A slot configuration parameter: A slot might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. In frames in which a slot is defined, then the definition of a slot (e.g., in time duration and / or in number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the slot configuration is common to all UEs or a group of UEs. For this case, the slot configuration information may be transmitted to the UEs in a broadcast channel or common (or group) control channel (s) . In other implementations, the slot configuration may be UE specific, in which case the slot configuration information may be transmitted in a UE-specific control channel. In some implementations, the slot configuration signaling can be transmitted together with frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other implementations, the slot configuration may be transmitted independently from the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In general, the slot configuration may be system common, base station common, UE group common or UE specific.
[0116] 4) A subcarrier spacing (SCS) parameter: The SCS parameter is one parameter of scalable numerology that may allow the SCS to possibly range from 15 KHz to 480 KHz. The SCS may vary with the frequency of the spectrum and / or maximum UE speed to minimize the impact of Doppler shift and phase noise. In some examples, there may be separate transmission and reception frames and the SCS of symbols in the reception frame structure may be configured independently from the SCS of symbols in the transmission frame structure. The SCS in a reception frame may be different from the SCS in a transmission frame. In some examples, the SCS of each transmission frame may be half the SCS of each reception frame. If the SCS between a reception frame and a transmission frame is different, the difference does not necessarily have to scale by a factor of two, e.g., if more flexible symbol durations are implemented using inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) instead of fast Fourier transform (FFT) . Additional examples of frame structures can be used with different SCSs.
[0117] 5) A parameter indicative of a flexible transmission duration of a basic transmission unit: The basic transmission unit may be a symbol block (alternatively called a symbol) , which, in general, includes a redundancy portion (referred to as the CP) and an information (e.g., data) portion. In some implementations, the CP may be omitted from the symbol block. The CP length may be flexible and configurable. The CP length may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and the CP length may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling. The information (e.g., data) portion may be flexible and configurable. Another possible parameter relating to a symbol block that may be defined is ratio of CP duration to information (e.g., data) duration. In some implementations, the symbol block length may be adjusted according to: a channel condition (e.g., multi-path delay, Doppler) ; and / or a latency requirement; and / or an available time duration. As another example, a symbol block length may be adjusted to fit an available time duration in the frame.
[0118] 6) A Flexible switch gap parameter: A frame may include both a downlink portion, for downlink transmissions from a base station, and an uplink portion, for uplink transmissions from UEs. A gap may be present between each uplink and downlink portion, which gap is referred to as a switching gap. The switching gap length (duration) may be configurable. A switching gap duration may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and a switching gap duration may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling.
[0119] A device, such as a base station, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency will be referred to as a carrier. A carrier may alternatively be called a component carrier (CC) . A carrier may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, e.g., the center frequency of the carrier, the lowest frequency of the carrier or the highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier may be on a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also, or instead, occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over spectrum. The spectrum may comprise one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0120] A cell may include one or multiple downlink resources and, optionally, one or multiple uplink resources. A cell may include one or multiple uplink resources and, optionally, one or multiple downlink resources. A cell may include both one or multiple downlink resources and one or multiple uplink resources. As an example, a cell might only include one downlink carrier / BWP, or only include one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some implementations, a cell may, instead or additionally, include one or multiple sidelink resources, including sidelink transmitting and receiving resources.
[0121] A BWP is a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on a carrier, or a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a set of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.
[0122] In some implementations, a carrier may have one or more BWPs, e.g., a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous BWPs, etc. In other implementations, a BWP may have one or more carriers, e.g., a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous carriers, where each carrier has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some implementations, a BWP may comprise non-contiguous spectrum resources, which consists of non-contiguous multiple carriers, where the first carrier of the non-contiguous multiple carriers may be in mmW band, the second carrier may be in a low band (such as 2 GHz band) , the third carrier (if it exists) may be in THz band and the fourth carrier (if it exists) may be in visible light band. Resources in one carrier which belong to the BWP may be contiguous or non-contiguous. In some implementations, a BWP has non-contiguous spectrum resources on one carrier.
[0123] Wireless communication may occur over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth may be defined as the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage, β / 2, of the total mean transmitted power, for example, the value of β / 2 is taken as 0.5%.
[0124] The carrier, the BWP or the occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (e.g., by a base station) dynamically, e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as the known DCI, or semi-statically, e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in signaling in the medium access control (MAC) layer, or be predefined based on the application scenario; or be determined by the UE as a function of other parameters that are known by the UE, or may be fixed, e.g., by a standard.
[0125] UE position information is often used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics for the network. Such performance metrics may, for example, include capacity, agility and efficiency. The improvement may be achieved when elements of the network exploit the position, the behavior, the mobility pattern, etc., of the UE in the context of a priori information describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0126] A sensing system may be used to help gather UE pose information, including UE location in a global coordinate system, UE velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information and the information about the wireless environment. “Location” is also known as “position” and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of well-known sensing systems include RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) . While the sensing system can be separate from the communication system, it could be advantageous to gather the information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and cost) in the system as well as the time, frequency or spatial resources needed to perform both functionalities. However, using the communication system hardware to perform sensing of UE pose and environment information is a highly challenging and open problem. The difficulty of the problem relates to factors such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the huge number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0127] Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (also known as integrated communication and sensing) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems and it is desirable to provide improved methods and systems for fast status signaling after wake-up procedure for practical implementations of integrated sensing and communication.
[0128] Any or all of the EDs 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. Sensing nodes are network entities that perform sensing by transmitting and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication equipment that perform both communications and sensing. However, it is possible that some sensing nodes do not perform communications and are, instead, dedicated to sensing.
[0129] The network illustrated in FIG. 6 differs from the network illustrated in FIG. 2 in the addition of a sensing agent 174, which is an example of a sensing node that is dedicated to sensing. Unlike the EDs 110 and BS 170, the sensing agent 174 does not transmit or receive communication signals. However, the sensing agent 174 may communicate configuration information, sensing information, signaling information or other information within the communication system 100. The sensing agent 174 may be in communication with the core network 130 to communicate information with the rest of the communication system 100. By way of example, the sensing agent 174 may determine the location of the ED 110a, and transmit this information to the base station 170a via the core network 130. Although only one sensing agent 174 is shown in FIG. 6, any number of sensing agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some implementations, one or more sensing agents may be implemented at one or more of the RANs 120.
[0130] A sensing node may combine sensing-based techniques with reference signal-based techniques to enhance UE pose determination. This type of sensing node may also be known as a sensing management function (SMF) . In some networks, the SMF may also be known as a location management function (LMF) . The SMF may be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 with connection to the multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present application, the SMF may be implemented as a logical entity co-located inside a BS 170 through logic carried out by the processor 260.
[0131] As shown in FIG. 7, an SMF 176, when implemented as a physically independent entity, includes at least one processor 290, at least one transmitter 282, at least one receiver 284, one or more antennas 286 and at least one memory 288. A transceiver, not shown, may be used instead of the transmitter 282 and the receiver 284. A scheduler 283 may be coupled to the processor 290. The scheduler 283 may be included within or operated separately from the SMF 176. The processor 290 implements various processing operations of the SMF 176, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing or any other functionality. The processor 290 can also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or implementations described in more detail above. Each processor 290 includes any suitable processing or computing device configured to perform one or more operations. Each processor 290 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array or application specific integrated circuit.
[0132] A reference signal-based pose determination technique belongs to an “active” pose estimation paradigm. In an active pose estimation paradigm, the enquirer of pose information (e.g., the UE) takes part in process of determining the pose of the enquirer. The enquirer may transmit or receive (or both) a signal specific to pose determination process. Positioning techniques based on a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as the known Global Positioning System (GPS) are other examples of the active pose estimation paradigm.
[0133] In contrast, a sensing-based technique, based on radar for example, may be considered as belonging to a “passive” pose determination paradigm. In a passive pose determination paradigm, the target is oblivious to the pose determination process.
[0134] By integrating sensing and communications in one system, the system need not operate according to only a single paradigm. Thus, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques can yield enhanced pose determination.
[0135] The enhanced pose determination may, for example, include obtaining UE channel sub-space information, which is particularly useful for UE channel reconstruction at the sensing node, especially for a beam-based operation and communication. The UE channel sub-space is a subset of the entire algebraic space, defined over the spatial domain, in which the entire channel from the TP to the UE lies. Accordingly, the UE channel sub-space defines the TP-to-UE channel with very high accuracy. The signals transmitted over other sub-spaces result in a negligible contribution to the UE channel. Knowledge of the UE channel sub-space helps to reduce the effort needed for channel measurement at the UE and channel reconstruction at the network-side. Therefore, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques may enable the UE channel reconstruction with much less overhead as compared to traditional methods. Sub-space information can also facilitate sub-space-based sensing to reduce sensing complexity and improve sensing accuracy.
[0136] In some implementations of integrated sensing and communication, a same radio access technology (RAT) is used for sensing and communication. This avoids the need to multiplex two different RATs under one carrier spectrum, or necessitating two different carrier spectrums for the two different RATs.
[0137] In implementations that integrate sensing and communication under one RAT, a first set of channels may be used to transmit a sensing signal and a second set of channels may be used to transmit a communications signal. In some implementations, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels is a logical channel, a transport channel or a physical channel.
[0138] At the physical layer, communication and sensing may be performed via separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-C is defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-Sis defined for sensing. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) , PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S, could be defined for uplink communication and sensing.
[0139] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH could be also used for both communication and sensing, with separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels defined for communication and sensing. Note also that control channel (s) and data channel (s) for sensing can have the same or different channel structure (format) , occupy same or different frequency bands or bandwidth parts.
[0140] In a further example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) may be used to carry control information for both sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels may be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-S and PUCCH-C could be used for uplink control for sensing and communication respectively and PDCCH-S and PDCCH-C for downlink control for sensing and communication respectively.
[0141] Different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication, at each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, are possible.
[0142] The term RADAR originates from the phrase Radio Detection and Ranging; however, expressions with different forms of capitalization (e.g., Radar and radar) are equally valid and now more common. Radar is typically used for detecting a presence and a location of an object. A radar system radiates radio frequency energy and receives echoes of the energy reflected from one or more targets. The system determines the pose of a given target based on the echoes returned from the given target. The radiated energy can be in the form of an energy pulse or a continuous wave, which can be expressed or defined by a particular waveform. Examples of waveforms used in radar include frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms.
[0143] Radar systems can be monostatic, bi-static or multi-static. In a monostatic radar system, the radar signal transmitter and receiver are co-located, such as being integrated in a transceiver. In a bi-static radar system, the transmitter and receiver are spatially separated, and the distance of separation is comparable to, or larger than, the expected target distance (often referred to as the range) . In a multi-static radar system, two or more radar components are spatially diverse but with a shared area of coverage. A multi-static radar is also referred to as a multisite or netted radar.
[0144] Terrestrial radar applications encounter challenges such as multipath propagation and shadowing impairments. Another challenge is the problem of identifiability because terrestrial targets have similar physical attributes. Integrating sensing into a communication system is likely to suffer from these same challenges, and more.
[0145] Communication nodes can be either half-duplex or full-duplex. A half-duplex node cannot both transmit and receive using the same physical resources (time, frequency, etc. ) ; conversely, a full-duplex node can transmit and receive using the same physical resources. Existing commercial wireless communications networks (1G through 6G) are all half-duplex. Even if full-duplex communications networks are used in the future, it is expected that at least some of the nodes in the network will still be half-duplex nodes because half-duplex devices are less complex, and have lower cost and lower power consumption. In particular, full-duplex implementation is more challenging at higher frequencies (e.g., in the millimeter wave bands) and very challenging for small and low-cost devices, such as femtocell base stations and UEs.
[0146] The limitation of half-duplex nodes in the communications network presents further challenges toward integrating sensing and communications into the devices and systems of the communications network. For example, both half-duplex and full-duplex nodes can perform bi-static or multi-static sensing, but monostatic sensing typically requires the sensing node have full-duplex capability. A half-duplex node may perform monostatic sensing with certain limitations, such as in a pulsed radar with a specific duty cycle and ranging capability.
[0147] Properties of a sensing signal, or a signal used for both sensing and communication, include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time-domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform describes the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that can be used for a sensing signal include ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse, Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) or “chirp” , orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) , cyclic prefix (CP) -OFDM, and Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) -OFDM.
[0148] In an embodiment, the sensing signal is a linear chirp signal with bandwidth B and time duration T. A linear chirp signal may also be known as a linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal. Such a linear chirp signal is generally known from its use in FMCW radar systems. A linear chirp signal is defined by an increase in frequency from an initial frequency, fchirp0, at an initial time, tchirp0, to a final frequency, fchirp1, at a final time, tchirp1 where the relation between the frequency (f) and time (t) can be expressed as a linear relation of f-fchirp0=α (t-tchirp0) , where is defined as the chirp slope. Instead of the term “chirp slope, ” the same parameter may also be referred to as a chirp rate, an LFM slope and an LFM rate. The bandwidth of the linear chirp signal may be defined as B=fchirp1-fchirp0 and the time duration of the linear chirp signal may be defined as T=tchirp1-tchirp0. Such linear chirp signal can be presented as in the baseband representation.
[0149] It is known that a discrete LFM sequence may be obtained by taking samples from a continuous LFM waveform. A continuous LFM waveform is a continuous waveform for which the frequency is a linear function of time. FIG. 8 shows an example of a discrete LFM sequence. In FIG. 8, T represents a total time duration of the continuous waveform from which samples are taken, Ts represents a sampling period, N represents a total number of samples, u represents an LFM rate of the discrete LFM sequence and s represents an initial frequency of the discrete LFM sequence.
[0150] It may be assumed that there are M possibilities for the LFM rate, u. The LFM rate possibilities may be represented as It may further be assumed that there are N possibilities for the initial frequency, s. The initial frequency possibilities may be represented as Consequently, a set, of all sequence parameters in this case can be represented as
[0151] A discrete WUS response sequence, x, may be a collection of Ns discrete elements, with each element, x [n] , defined according to:
[0152] where wi, g [n] represents an nth element of a discrete LFM sequence, wi, g, characterized by an LFM rate, ui, and an initial frequency, sg. Additionally, bi, g∈ {0, 1} represents a binary selection parameter, which determines whether particular discrete LFM sequence, wi, g, is present in the discrete WUS response sequence, x. Furthermore, qi, g represents a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol embedded onto the particular discrete LFM sequence, wi, g.
[0153] Notably, there are multiple mechanisms for embedding information into the discrete WUS response sequence, x. Indeed, for but two examples, information may be embedded through use of the QAM symbols and information may be embedded through the use of specific parameters. More specifically, the presence or absence of a particular discrete LFM sequence, wi, g, can carry a bit of information. The parameters bi, g and qi, g may be referred to as “data embedding parameters. ” The LFM rate, ui, and the initial frequency, sg, may be referred to as discrete LFM sequence configuration parameters.
[0154] Aspects of the present application relate to the use of configuration parameters for a general type of discrete triangular sequence to embed information into a WUS response.
[0155] With reference to FIG. 9, a general discrete triangular sequence may be generated, for use as a discrete WUS response sequence, x, from two discrete LFM sequences. An nth element, x [n] , of the general discrete triangular sequence, x, may be mathematically described as:
[0156] In FIG. 9, T (in seconds) represents a total duration for a period of the triangular sequence and Ts (in seconds) represents a time duration between adjacent elements. Furthermore, the general discrete triangular sequence, x, may be understood to be subject to conditions, such as u1u2<0, and T= (N1+N2) Ts. The representation of the general discrete triangular sequence, x, may be understood to have six independent parameters, namely, u1, u2, s1, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0157] Aspects of the present application relate to the use of configuration parameters for a general type of modified Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence to embed information into a WUS response. Indeed, one alternative to using the general discrete triangular sequence as a discrete WUS response sequence, x, is to use a pair of ZC sequences as a discrete WUS response sequence, x, wherein one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence and a second ZC sequence. The first ZC sequence may be described as having a first root, u1, and a first length, N1. The second ZC sequence may be described as having a second root, u2, and a second length, N2.
[0158] The discrete triangular sequence generated based on the pair of ZC sequences can be mathematically described as:
[0159] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of one proposed implementation of the discrete WUS response sequence, x, has five independent parameters, namely, u1, u2, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0160] Aspects of the present application relate to characterizing a first special case of the general discrete triangular sequence described hereinbefore. The first special case may be characterized based on an assumption that u1N1=-u2N2. This special property may be shown to help to preserve continuity of the sequence in the time-frequency domain when multiple discrete triangular sequences are multiplexed in time, as will be discussed hereinafter. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of discrete triangular sequence in this first special case.
[0161] Notably, the assumption that u1N1=-u2N2 reduces the number of independent parameters by one. As a consequence, it may be said that this first special case has five independent parameters. Notably, the five independent parameters may be expected to include s1 and Ts, with the remaining three parameters selected from among four parameters, u1, u2, N1, N2. For example, s1 and Ts may be selected along with u1, N1 and N2. Although a function, may be used to obtain u2 based on u1, N1 and N2, it may be considered to be more efficient to simply substitute any time u2 would have been used. After such a substitution, the first special case of the discrete triangular sequence may be mathematically described as:
[0162] One alternative for using the first special case of discrete triangular sequence provided hereinbefore, involves using a pair of ZC sequences, where one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence with a first root, u1, and a first length, N1. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a second ZC sequence with a second root, u2, and a second length, N2. The first special case discrete triangular sequence generated based on the pair of ZC sequences can be mathematically described as:
[0163] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with The second root may be obtained using the function described hereinbefore, It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of one proposed implementation of the discrete WUS response sequence, x, has four independent parameters, namely, u1, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0164] Aspects of the present application relate to characterizing a second special case of the general discrete triangular sequence described hereinbefore. The second special case of the discrete triangular sequence may be characterized in that and Using parameters, u and N, that are non-specific to the first LFM sequence or the second LFM sequence, the second special case of the discrete triangular sequence may be mathematically described as:
[0165] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular sequence. Notably, the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular sequence can be characterized with four independent parameters, namely, u, N, s1 and Ts. Furthermore, the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular sequence may be found to be consistent with the assumption, u1N1=-u2N2 , that was discussed, hereinbefore, in the context of the first special case discrete triangular sequence. For the second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular sequence, the assumption may be restated as
[0166] One alternative for using the second special case (symmetric) of discrete triangular sequence provided hereinbefore, involves using a pair of ZC sequences, where one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence with a first root, u, and a length, The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a second ZC sequence with a second root, -u, and a length, The second special case (symmetric) of the discrete triangular sequence generated based on the pair of ZC sequences may be mathematically described as:
[0167] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with s3=-u (N+2) . It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of one proposed implementation of the discrete WUS response sequence, x, has three independent parameters, namely, u, N and Ts.
[0168] Sequences generated based on LFM are known for their potential for low complexity processing. Such sequences may be referred to as chirp-based sequences or LFM-based sequences in this disclosure. It is known that LFM-based sequences can be processed using operations mostly in RF analog domain, which may be shown to significantly reduce power consumption.
[0169] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to adding a WUS response to the WU procedure. The WUS response can carry status information related to a WUS receiver ( “WUS RX” ) such as buffer status and required latency for the buffered data. Such information can be exploited by a network entity (after receiving the WUS response from the WUS RX) for optimizing performance. For example, the network entity may act to properly schedule data transmissions destined for the WUS RX in consideration of the buffer status and latency requirements. The WUS response may provide, at the network side, a fast status update about the WUS RX.
[0170] In this disclosure, it is proposed to add a WUS response to the WU procedure so that the WUS RX can quickly let the network know about its status. In particular, the WUS response may embed, into the WUS response, some status information about the WUS RX, such as buffer status and the required latency of the buffered data. In an implementation, the WUS response is transmitted by the WUS RX after decoding the WUS. In another implementation, the WUS response is implemented as a reflection, carried out at the WUS RX, of a part of the WUS. In the latter case, the WUS may be defined as having at least two parts: a signature part; and a suffix part. The WUS RX may be configured to reflect the suffix part after decoding the signature part. Note that reflection is a passive operation. The passive operation of the second case may reduce power consumption relative to the first case, in which active operations are involved as the WUS response is generated and transmitted by the WUS RX. More details on both cases are provided in the implementations described hereinafter.
[0171] It is anticipated that many nodes are operating in low power mode in future wireless systems due to the high importance of low energy consumption and sustainability. Therefore, there would be an ever-increasing demand for low power wake-up signal applications in future wireless systems. The present disclosure is related to any scenario in which a transmitter node is to wake up a receiver node operating in low power mode. The receiver node can be any node such as a UE, a TRP, a TP, or any other node. The transmitter node can also be any node such as a UE, a TRP, a TP, or any other node.
[0172] In the description hereinafter, wake-up signaling is not necessarily used for changing the operational mode of the wake-up receiver (e.g., changing the operational mode from a mode with less power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption) . Wake-up signaling in the present disclosure may be used for changing the operational mode of the wake-up signal receiver or for other purposes, such as for performing specific tasks. Example specific tasks include measurement tasks, reporting tasks, etc.
[0173] In the description hereinafter, the term “transmitter” or “WUS TX” may be used to refer to the WUS transmitter, which can be a TRP, a BS, a UE or any other network node, which may be configured to transmit the WUS. Additionally, the term “receiver” or “WUS RX” may be used to refer to the WUS receiver, which can be a UE, a network node, such as a TRP or a BS, or any other node which has the ability to be woken up.
[0174] In some aspects of the present disclosure, in accordance with an implementation, a WUS response is proposed as a part of the WU procedure. FIG. 12 illustrates an example WU procedure that includes a WUS response. A configuration node 1202 (e.g., a UE, a BS, or a TRP, or a network node) is illustrated as transmitting (step 1212) a WUS configuration and WUS response configuration to a WUS RX node 1206. Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 receives (step 1214) the configuration information. The configuration node 1202 is also illustrated as transmitting (step 1216) a WUS configuration and WUS response configuration to a WUS TX node 1204. Subsequently, the WUS TX node 1204 receives (step 1218) the configuration information. The transmitting (steps 1212, 1216) may be arranged to occur when the WUS RX node 1206 is in a first operational mode denoted, in FIG. 12, as “MODE 1. ” As a consequence of receiving (step 1214) the configuration information, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a second operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 12, as “MODE 2. ” In some implementations, MODE 2 and MODE 1 are the same.
[0175] Responsive to a trigger for wake-up of the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS TX node 1204 generates (step 1220) a WUS according to the WUS configuration received (step 1218) from the configuration node. The WUS TX node 1204 then transmits (step 1222) the WUS. The WUS RX node 1206 is illustrated, in FIG. 12, as receiving (step 1224) the WUS and processing (step 1226) the WUS according to the WUS configuration received (step 1214) from the configuration node 1202. Part of processing (step 1226) the WUS may involve the WUS RX node 1206 determining whether the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206. Responsive to determining (step 1226) that the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a third operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 12, as “MODE 3. ” Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 generates, according to the WUS response configuration received (step 1214) from the configuration node 1202, a WUS response. The WUS RX node 1206 then transmits (step 1228) the generated WUS response.
[0176] The WUS response may comprise indications of the status of the WUS RX node 1206. The indications of the status of the WUS RX node 1206 may comprise indications of buffer status of WUS RX node 1206 and indications of the latency requirement for buffered data at the WUS RX node 1206. The WUS TX node 1204 may receive (step 1230) the WUS response and process (step 1232) the WUS response to obtain the status of the WUS RX node 1206. The processing (step 1232) of the WUS response may include decoding the WUS response.
[0177] The WUS TX node 1204 may, optionally, use the WUS response configuration, received (step 1218) from the configuration node 1202, to perform sensing on the received WUS response. By performing sensing on the received WUS response, the WUS TX node 1204 may obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters may include, without limitation, a range, a velocity, an angle, an orientation and a position associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters about the WUS RX node 1206 may reduce an overhead associated with procedures that may be carried out after the WU procedure. Such procedures may include initial access procedures and RACH procedures.
[0178] With regards to the scenario illustrated in FIG. 12, in some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the same node as the WUS TX node 1204. In some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the SMF node 176 illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0179] With regards to the scenario illustrated in FIG. 12, selection, by the WUS RX node 1206, of an operational mode may be based on power consumption. In some implementations, MODE 1 and / or MODE 2 may be a connected mode or a power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 may be an idle mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be an inactive mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a deep sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be any power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be the same. For example, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be a connected mode. In some implementations, there may be multiple power saving modes with different objectives and power consumption levels. In such implementations, the WU procedure may be used to change the operating mode from a mode with lower power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption.
[0180] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 12, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a TRP (or a BS) , the WUS RX node 1206 may be a UE and the configuration node 1202 may be a network node (possibly the same as the WUS TX node 1204) .
[0181] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 12, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a UE, the WUS RX node 1206 may be a TRP (or a BS) and the configuration node 1202 may be a network node.
[0182] FIG. 13A illustrates another example of WU procedure that includes a WUS response. In common with the WU illustrated in FIG. 12, the configuration node 1202 (e.g., a UE, a BS, or a TRP, or a network node) is illustrated as transmitting (step 1212) a WUS configuration and WUS response configuration to the WUS RX node 1206. Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 receives (step 1214) the configuration information. The configuration node 1202 is also illustrated as transmitting (step 1216) a WUS configuration and WUS response configuration to the WUS TX node 1204. Subsequently, the WUS TX node 1204 receives (step 1218) the configuration information.
[0183] The configuration node 1202 may also transmit (step 1312) a WUS response configuration to a network node 1308. The network node 1308 may be representative of one or more network nodes 1308, such as TRPs and BSs.
[0184] The transmission (step 1312) of the WUS response configuration to the network node 1308 may be followed by the network node 1308 receiving (step 1314) the WUS response configuration.
[0185] The transmitting (steps 1212, 1216) of the WUS configuration and WUS response configuration may be arranged to occur when the WUS RX node 1206 is in a first operational mode denoted, in FIG. 13A, as “MODE 1. ” As a consequence of receiving (step 1218) the configuration information, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a second operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 13A, as “MODE 2. ” In some implementations, MODE 2 and MODE 1 are the same.
[0186] Responsive to a trigger for wake-up of the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS TX node 1204 generates (step 1220) a WUS according to the WUS configuration received from the configuration node. The WUS TX node 1204 then transmits (step 1222) the WUS. The WUS RX node 1206 is illustrated, in FIG. 12, as receiving (step 1224) the WUS and processing (step 1226) the WUS according to the WUS configuration received (step 1218) from the configuration node 1202. Part of processing (step 1226) the WUS may involve the WUS RX node 1206 determining whether the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206. Responsive to determining (step 1226) that the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a third operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 12, as “MODE 3. ” Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 generates, according to the WUS response configuration received (step 1214) from the configuration node 1202, a WUS response. The WUS RX node 1206 then transmits (step 1228) the generated WUS response.
[0187] The WUS response may comprise indications of the status of the WUS RX node 1206. The indications of the status of the WUS RX node 1206 may comprise indications of buffer status of WUS RX node 1206 and indications of the latency requirement for buffered data at the WUS RX node 1206. The network node 1308 may receive (step 1330) the WUS response and process (step 1332) the WUS response to obtain the status of the WUS RX node 1206. The processing (step 1332) of the WUS response may include decoding the WUS response.
[0188] The network node 1308 may, optionally, use the WUS response configuration, received (step 1314) from the configuration node 1202, to perform sensing on the received WUS response. By performing sensing on the received WUS response, the network node 1308 may obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters may include, without limitation, a range, a velocity, an angle, an orientation and a position associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters about the WUS RX node 1206 may reduce an overhead associated with procedures that may be carried out after the WU procedure. Such procedures may include initial access procedures and RACH procedures.
[0189] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13A, in some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the same node as the WUS TX node 1204. In some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the SMF node 176 illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0190] With regards to the scenario illustrated in FIG. 13A, selection, by the WUS RX node 1206, of an operational mode may be based on power consumption. In some implementations, MODE 1 and / or MODE 2 may be a connected mode or a power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 may be an idle mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be an inactive mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a deep sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be any power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be the same. For example, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be a connected mode. In some implementations, there may be multiple power saving modes with different objectives and power consumption levels. In such implementations, the WU procedure may be used to change the operating mode from a mode with lower power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption.
[0191] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13A, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a TRP (or a BS) , the WUS RX node 1206 may be a UE and the configuration node 1202 may be a network node (possibly the same as the WUS TX node 1204) .
[0192] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13A, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a UE, the WUS RX node 1206 may be a TRP (or a BS) and the configuration node 1202 may be a network node.
[0193] In a variation of FIG. 13A, illustrated in FIG. 13B, in addition to the network node 1308 receiving (step 1330) and processing (step 1332) the WUS response transmitted (step 1228) by the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS TX node 1204 may also receive (step 1230) and process (step 1232) the WUS response transmitted (step 1228) by the WUS RX node 1206, as previously illustrated in FIG. 12.
[0194] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to the type of WUS response transmitted, for example, in step 1228. In some implementations, the WUS response sequence may be selected from among a family of sequences that have desirable time correlation properties.
[0195] According to a first desirable time correlation property, the WUS response sequence has a so-called delta shape auto-correlation function, i.e., a correlation (which is a measure of similarity) of the WUS response sequence with a shifted version of itself is much lower than the correlation of the WUS response sequence with itself.
[0196] According to a second desirable time correlation property, the WUS response sequence has a low (close to zero) cross-correlation function, i.e., given a set of configuration parameters, the correlation between WUS response sequences generated according to different configuration parameters is low.
[0197] In some implementations, the type of the WUS response sequence is the same as the type of the WUS.
[0198] In some implementations, the type of the WUS response sequence is not the same as the type of WUS.
[0199] In some implementations, the WUS response sequence can be an LFM sequence or an LFM-based sequence. The terms linear frequency modulated (LFM) sequence and chirp signal can be used interchangeably in the present disclosure. An LFM signal is a signal whose frequency is a linear function of time with a slope that is called LFM rate (also known as chirp rate) . FIG. 14 illustrates an example LFM signal representation in the time-frequency domain. The example LFM signal of FIG. 14 has a starting time, t, and a starting frequency, f. The LFM rate is α and the time duration of the signal is T.
[0200] LFM-based signals or chirp-based signals can be referred to as the signals constructed based on single LFM signal introduced above. Two examples of LFM-based signals are introduced below. A first example, illustrated in FIG. 15, is called a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal, which includes multiple parallel single chirps multiplexed in the time domain. As illustrated in FIG. 15, time durations of these LFM signals are the same, which are equal to a time unit (e.g., one symbol) . Starting frequencies of these LFM signals are also the same, which are equal to f0. LFM rates of these LFM signals are the same, which are all equal to -α. Each of these LFM signals occupies a bandwidth B.
[0201] A second example, depicted in FIG. 16, is called a triangular waveform signal, which is constructed by LFM signals with opposite-sign LFM rates. As illustrated in FIG. 16, time durations of these LFM signals are the same, which are equal to a time unit (e.g., one symbol) . The LFM rates of these LFM signals can be indicated by an LFM rate sequence (-α, α, …, -α, α) . In other words, LFM rates of two adjacent LFM signals are opposite. The starting frequencies of these LFM signals are different. For example, the starting frequency of one LFM signal is f0 and the starting frequency of the next LFM signal is f0-B, where B is a bandwidth occupied by each of these LFM signals.
[0202] FIG. 17 illustrates an example 1700 of an LFM-based signal in a general format, in which the absolute value of the LFM rates can vary across symbols. The general format LFM-based signal is characterized by a sequence of LFM rates (α1, α2, …, αM) , a sequence of time durations (T1, T2, …, TM) , and a sequence of starting frequencies (f1, f2, …, fM) .
[0203] In some implementations, a WUS response can be a discrete LFM sequence or a discrete LFM-based sequence. A discrete LFM sequence can be obtained by taking time-domain samples from a continuous LFM signal, an example of which is illustrated in FIG. 14. A discrete LFM-based sequence can be obtained by taking time-domain samples from a continuous LFM-based signal, examples of which are illustrated in FIGs. 15, 16 and 17.
[0204] In some implementations, a WUS response can be generated based on a sequence such as, but not limited to: a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence; a Pseudo-random (PN) sequence, also known as a pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequence, a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) and a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence; an m-sequence, also known as an n-sequence and maximum length sequence (MLS) ; a Gold sequence; a Walsh sequence; a Golay sequence; a Kasami sequence; a Low density sequence; a DFT / FFT sequence; and a QAM symbol-based sequence. A WUS response can be generated based on a sequence that is a combinations and / or an optimizations of one or more of these sequences.
[0205] Aspects of the present application relate to use of a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence in the generation of a WUS response. Mathematically, a ZC sequence, w [n] , may be defined as:
[0206] where Ns represents a sequence length, u represents a sequence root (the sequence root is prime to the sequence length, Ns) , l∈ {0, .., Ns-1} represents a value for a cyclic shift of the sequence, n′= (n+l) mod Ns, cf=Ns mod 2 and q is an integer.
[0207] Aspects of the present application relate to use of a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence in the generation of a WUS response. A PN sequence may also be known as a pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequence, a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) or a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence. FIG. 18 illustrates a LFSR 1800 with a plurality of shift registers 1802-1, 1802-2, …, 1802-L (collectively or individually 1802) , a feedback logic 1804 and a clock 1806. The plurality of shift registers 1802 is represented, in FIG. 18, as a first shift register 1802-1, a second shift register 1802-2 and an lth shift register 1802-L. The feedback logic 1804 is typically implemented using a set of XORs (also known as Modulo-2 adders) . In operation, the first shift register 1802-1 receives input from the feedback logic 1804 and the clock 1806. The first shift register 1802-1 provides output to the feedback logic 1804 and to the second shift register 1802-2. The second shift register 1802-2 receives input from the first shift register 1802-1 and the clock 1806. The second shift register 1804-2 provides output to the feedback logic 1804 and to a third shift register (not shown) . The lth shift register 1802-L receives input from the (l-1) th shift register (not shown) and the clock 1806. The lth shift register 1802-L provides output to the feedback logic 1804 and also provides a PN sequence that may be considered to be the output of the LFSR 1800.
[0208] It is known that an m-sequence, which is also known as an n-sequence and a maximum length sequence (MLS) , is a special case of a PN sequence. In this special case, the LFSR generating the sequence has a property called “maximal. ” It follows that the method disclosed hereinbefore for a PN sequence be equally applicable to use of an m-sequence in the generation of WUS response.
[0209] Aspects of the present application relate to use of a Gold sequence in the generation of WUS response. It is known that a Gold sequence can be generated by performing element-wise XOR of two m-sequences. Consequently, Gold sequence configuration parameters may be defined to include initial states for shift registers in LFSRs generating two m-sequences as well as feedback logic for those LFSRs.
[0210] FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 are reproduced from 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 38.869 V0.3.0 (2023-08) , which is available from portal. 3gpp. org. FIG. 19, FIG. 20, FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 illustrate some example signals or waveforms that may be used for the WUS response. While example LFM-based signal for WUS response are provided in the present disclosure, a person of ordinary skill will understand that inclusion of a WUS response in a WUS procedure is agnostic to the type of waveform used for the WUS response. Accordingly, aspects of the present application may be employed with other types of waveforms. For example, use may be made of waveforms proposed in 3GPP Release 18, which is available from portal. 3gpp. org. Some examples of such waveforms are described below.
[0211] FIG. 19 illustrates example multi-carrier amplitude shift keying (MC-ASK) waveforms. For MC-ASK waveform generation, K denotes a size of an inverse Fast Fourier Transform of CP-OFDMA and N is a number of subcarriers (SCs) used by a low-power WUS, including potential guard-bands. On-off keying (OOK) can be a special case of amplitude shift keying (ASK) where the signal amplitude can take one of two possible values. Option OOK-1 can carry a single bit in one OFDM symbol, where OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that all SCs are modulated, and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means that all SCs are zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) .
[0212] FIG. 20 illustrates Option OOK-2, which can include Parallel M-bit OOK in frequency domain. In this case, N SCs of LP-WUS are further separated into M segments (M=2 in the example of FIG. 20) . In some instances, there can be guard-bands in-between and / or around the M segments. In this example, OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that all SCs in segment are modulated and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means all SCs in segment are zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) .
[0213] FIG. 21 illustrates Option OOK-3 -Multi-tone single-bit OOK. In this case, N SCs of LP-WUS are separated into L segments (L=2 in the example of FIG. 21) without guard-bands in-between segments. In some instances, there can be guard-bands around the segments. OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that one sub-carrier (known by RX) of each segment is modulated, and that the rest of SC is zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) ; and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means that all SCs in all segments are zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) .
[0214] FIG. 22 illustrates Option OOK-4 -Transform M-bit OOK in time domain. In this case, N SCs of OOK-1 are generated by a transformation (DFT / Least square) and N’ elements are generated from M bits. Signal modification may or may not be used. Truncation or other additional modification may or may not be used. In other words, N is the same as N’ if truncation or other additional modification is not used. In some instances, N’ can be the same as K and potential guard-band SCs are zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) .
[0215] FIG. 23 illustrates some example multi-carrier frequency shift keying (MC-FSK) waveforms. For M-bit MC-FSK generation, the following options are available. In Option FSK-1, N SCs of LP-WUS are separated to M pairs of segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Each segment can include one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. Among a pair of segments, one segment is modulated, and another segment is zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) . In Option FSK-2, N SCs of LP-WUS are separated to 2M segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around (M >0, N >1) . Each segment can include one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. One segment from 2M segments is modulated and other segments of SCs are zero power (e.g., from a base-band point of view) .
[0216] In some implementations, Manchester encoding can be assumed for representing bits 0 and 1 in the above-mentioned waveforms. A Manchester code is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. It is a self-clocking signal with no DC component.
[0217] FIG. 24, which is reproduced from a meeting document R1-2306550 for 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 Meeting #114, available from portal. 3gpp. org, illustrates a combination of ASK and FSK. In some implementations, if the time domain waveform for FSK is generated by the method of OOK-4, the waveform can be regarded as a joint modulation of OOK and FSK. In one example (not shown) , two bits can be carried by one OFDM symbol. The first bit may be represented by a frequency location, f0 or f1, e.g., in an FSK way. The second bit may be represented by a time domain waveform, ON-OFF or OFF-ON, where Manchester coding in time domain is assumed.
[0218] Some aspects of present disclosure relate to embedding an identity of the WUS RX node 1206 into the WUS response. To elaborate, the WUS RX node 1206 may embed its WUS RX node identity (ID) into the WUS response so that the receiver (s) of the WUS response may determine the node that has sent the WUS response. This helps to associate the status, obtained by processing (step 1232, FIG. 12, step 1332, FIG. 13A) the WUS response that has been received (step 1230, FIG. 12, step 1330, FIG. 13A) , with the WUS RX node 1206 that has transmitted (step 1228, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13A) the WUS response. This also helps to associate estimated sensing parameters, which may be obtained by processing (step 1232, FIG. 12, step 1332, FIG. 13A) the WUS response, with the correct WUS RX node 1206. The WUS RX node ID may be the same as, or different than, a WUS RX node global device identity, e.g., an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) . In some implementations, the WUS RX node ID may be a function of the global device identity of the WUS RX node 1206. For example, the WUS RX node ID may be the last four digits of the IMSI.
[0219] Various methods can be used to embed a WUS RX node ID into the WUS response. In some implementations, the entirety of, or a part of, a WUS RX node ID may be embedded into an address of time-frequency resources used for transmitting (step 1228) the WUS response. For example, a first WUS RX node and a second WUS RX node may use different time-frequency resources for transmitting (step 1228) their corresponding WUS responses. This difference in time-frequency resources may be shown to enable a network node to differentiate between a WUS response received from the first WUS RX node and a WUS response received from the second WUS RX node.
[0220] In some implementations, the entirety of, or a part of, a WUS RX node ID may be embedded into the parameters used, by the WUS RX node 1206, to generate the WUS response. The parameters of the WUS response depend on the type of the WUS response. For example, for an LFM-based WUS response, the parameters include a plurality of LFM-rates and initial frequencies for a plurality of LFM-based sequences. For a ZC-sequence-based WUS response, the parameters include the root and the cyclic shift of the ZC sequence. For a PN-sequence-based WUS response, the parameters include the feedback logic structure and the initial state of the LFSR. For an m-sequence-based WUS response, the parameters include the feedback logic structure and the initial state of the LFSR. For a Gold-sequence-based WUS response, the parameters include the feedback logic structures and the initial states of the LFSRs. Given a set of possibilities for the parameters of the WUS response, the first WUS RX node and the second WUS RX node can be associated with different parameters, thereby enabling a network entity to differentiate between the WUS response of the first WUS RX node and the second WUS RX node.
[0221] Some aspects of present disclosure relate to obtaining sensing parameters by processing (step 1232, FIG. 12, step 1332, FIG. 13A) the WUS response.
[0222] As illustrated in FIG. 12, the WUS TX node 1204 may receive (step 1230) the WUS response. As illustrated in FIG. 13A, one or multiple network nodes 1208 may receive (step 1330) the WUS response. Any receiver of WUS response may obtain, by measurement, sensing parameters. The sensing parameters may include an angle of arrival (AoA) of the WUS response, a range between the receiver of the WUS response and the WUS RX node 1206 that transmits (step 1226) the WUS response and / or the velocity of the WUS RX node 1206 that transmits (step 1226) the WUS response relative to the receiver of WUS response. While using the measurement of only one receiver of a given WUS response may not provide a precise location of WUS RX node 1206 that transmits (step 1226) the WUS response, due to the possibility of time synchronization offsets, combining measurement across different receivers of the given WUS response may be shown to provide a relatively precise position of the WUS RX node 1206.
[0223] FIG. 25 illustrates an example network that includes the WUS TX node 1204, the WUS RX node 1206, a first network node 1208-1 and a second network node 1208-2. As discussed hereinbefore, in the context of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13A, the WUS TX node 1204 transmits (step 1222) the WUS. The WUS RX node 1206 receives (step 1224) the WUS and transmits (step 1228) the WUS response. As illustrated in FIG. 25, the WUS TX node 1204 receives (step 1230) the WUS response. Additionally, a first network node 1208-1 receives (step 1330) the WUS response and the second network node 1208-2 also receives (step 1330) the WUS response.
[0224] By processing (step 1232) the WUS response, the WUS TX node 1204 may determine an AoA, θ, and a range. By processing (step 1332) the WUS response, the first network node 1208-1 may determine an AoA, φ, and a range. By processing (step 1332) the WUS response, the second network node 1208-2 may determine an AoA, ψ, and a range. By combining the three AoAs, θ, φ, ψ, and the three ranges, an entity may determine position for the WUS RX node 1206 using geometric techniques, such as triangularization and trilateration.
[0225] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to a structure for the WUS RX node 1206, that is, the network entity that transmits (step 1228) the WUS response.
[0226] FIG. 26 illustrates a first structure 2600 for a node at which an LFM-based WUS response may be generated in the RF analog domain. The first structure 2600 includes an initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602 and an analog chirp generator 2604. In operation, a sequence of initial frequencies and chirp rates may be selected at the initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602. As illustrated in FIG. 26, the initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602 may receive, as input, a WUS RX node ID and produce, as output, a selected initial frequency, f0, and a selected chirp rate, α. The initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602 may base the selecting of the selected initial frequency and the selected chirp rate on the WUS RX node ID. Responsive to receiving the selected initial frequency and the selected chirp rate, the analog chirp generator 2604 may generate and transmit an LFM-based WUS response.
[0227] FIG. 27 illustrates a second structure 2700 for a node at which an LFM-based WUS response may be generated. The second structure 2700 includes the initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602, familiar from FIG. 26, a discrete chirp generator 2704 and a digital to analog convertor (DAC) 2706. In operation, a sequence of initial frequencies and chirp rates may be selected at the initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602. As illustrated in FIG. 27, the initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602 may receive, as input, a WUS RX node ID and produce, as output, a selected initial frequency, f0, and a selected chirp rate, α. The initial frequency and chirp rate selector 2602 may base the selecting of the selected initial frequency and the selected chirp rate on the WUS RX node ID. Responsive to receiving the selected initial frequency and the selected chirp rate, the discrete chirp generator 2704 may generate a discrete LFM-based sequence in the baseband digital domain. Responsive to receiving the discrete LFM-based sequence, the DAC 2706 may convert the discrete LFM-based sequence to an analog WUS response for transmission. Notably, in place of the DAC 2706, a pulse shaping filter may be used.
[0228] FIG. 28 illustrates a third structure 2800 for a node at which an LFM-based WUS response may be generated. The third structure 2800 includes a sequence parameter selector 2802, a sequence generator 2804 and a pulse shaping filter 2806. In operation, a plurality of sequence parameters may be selected at the sequence parameter selector 2802. As illustrated in FIG. 28, the sequence parameter selector 2802 may receive, as input, a WUS RX node ID and produce, as output, a plurality of sequence parameters. The sequence parameter selector 2802 may base the selecting of the plurality of sequence parameters on the WUS RX node ID. Responsive to receiving the selected plurality of sequence parameters, the sequence generator 2804 may generate a discrete LFM-based sequence in the baseband digital domain. The discrete LFM-based sequence may be one of, but not limited to, a ZC sequence, a PN sequence, a Gold sequence and an m-sequence. Responsive to receiving the discrete LFM-based sequence, the pulse shaping filter 2806 may convert the discrete LFM-based sequence to an analog WUS response for transmission. Notably, in place of pulse shaping filter 2806, a DAC may be used.
[0229] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the WUS response TX 1204 may be equipped with one or multiple of the structures described hereinbefore with reference to FIG. 26, FIG. 27 and FIG. 28.
[0230] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the receiver of the WUS response.
[0231] FIG. 29 illustrates a first receiver structure 2900 for the receiver of an LFM-based WUS response. The first receiver structure 2900 of FIG. 29 includes a de-chirp processor 2902, a low pass filter 2904 and an envelope detector 2906. In operation, responsive to receiving a WUS response, the de-chirp processor 2902 performs de-chirp processing on the received WUS response. Subsequently, the low pass filter 2904 filters out unwanted signals. Upon receiving output from the low pass filter 2904, the envelope detector 2906 detects information carried in the WUS response. Conveniently, the first receiver structure 2900 of FIG. 29 may be implemented in the RF analog domain with low complexity and power consumption. However, the first receiver structure 2900 of FIG. 29 may not be capable of performing sensing.
[0232] The first receiver structure 2900 of FIG. 29 may be shown to detect whether a WUS response is present. The first receiver structure 2900 may be used when the WUS response has been generated based on a discrete LFM-based signal, as illustrated in FIG. 27. Due to the similarity of a discrete LFM-based sequence and a ZC sequence, the first receiver structure 2900 of FIG. 29 may also be used when the WUS response has been generated based on a ZC sequence, as illustrated in FIG. 28 when the sequence generated by the sequence generator 2804 is a ZC sequence.
[0233] FIG. 30 illustrates a second receiver structure 3000 for the receiver of an LFM-based WUS response. The second receiver structure 3000 of FIG. 30 includes the de-chirp processor 2902 and the low pass filter 2904 familiar from FIG. 29. The second receiver structure 3000 further includes a sampler 3006 and a processor 3008. In operation, responsive to receiving a WUS response, the de-chirp processor 2902 performs de-chirp processing on the received WUS response. Subsequently, the low pass filter 2904 filters out unwanted signals. Upon receiving output from the low pass filter 2904, the sampler 3006 obtains samples of the WUS response. Upon receiving the samples from the sampler 3006, the processor 3008 processes the samples to determine the presence of a WUS response.
[0234] The processor 3008 may also engage in sensing processing. Sensing processing may involve use of sensing algorithms to obtain a plurality of sensing parameters. Indeed, the plurality of sensing parameters obtained by the processor 3008 are expected to correspond to the plurality of parameters used by the WUS RX node 1206 when generating the WUS response.
[0235] In some implementations, the low pass filter 2904 may be removed from the structure, as the digital processing happening after the low pass filtering may be configured to compensate for absence of the low pass filter 2904. The second receiver structure can be used when the WUS response has been generated based on a discrete LFM-based sequence, as illustrated in FIG. 27. Due to the similarity of a discrete LFM-based sequence and a ZC sequence, the second receiver structure 3000 of FIG. 30 may also be used when the WUS response has been generated based on a ZC sequence, as illustrated in FIG. 28 when the sequence generated by the sequence generator 2804 is a ZC sequence.
[0236] FIG. 31 illustrates a third receiver structure 3100 for the receiver of an LFM-based WUS response. The third receiver structure 3100 of FIG. 31 includes a sampler 3102, a correlator 3104 and a processor 3106. In operation, responsive to receiving a WUS response, the sampler 3102 performs sampling to take samples of the WUS response. Upon receiving the samples, the correlator 3104 correlates the samples with different sequences that are known to correspond to different WUS RX nodes with different WUS RX node IDs. Upon receiving output from the correlator 3104, the processor 3106 processes the samples to determine the presence of a WUS response.
[0237] The processor 3106 may also engage in sensing processing. Sensing processing may involve use of sensing algorithms to obtain a plurality of sensing parameters. Indeed, the plurality of sensing parameters obtained by the processor 3108 are expected to correspond to the plurality of parameters used by the WUS RX node 1206 when generating the WUS response.
[0238] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a WUS TX node 1204 or a network node 1208 (in general, a node configured to receive a WUS response) may be equipped with one or multiple of the structures described hereinbefore with reference to FIG. 29, FIG. 30 and FIG. 31.
[0239] In some implementations, the WUS RX node 1206 may not transmit (step 1228) a signal as the WUS response. Rather, the WUS RX node 1206 may reflect a part of the WUS. Consequently, in this case, the WUS RX node 1206 need not engage in active signal transmission, thereby reducing power consumption.
[0240] For such a scenario, a first adapted WUS structure 3200 is proposed. As illustrated in FIG. 32, the first adapted WUS structure 3200 includes a signature part 3202 and a suffix part 3204. It is the suffix part 3204 that may be reflected by the WUS RX node 1206. The signature part 3202 of the first adapted WUS structure 3200 may be mapped to the identity of the WUS RX node 1206. Similarly, the suffix part 3204 of the first adapted WUS structure 3200 may be mapped to the identity of the WUS RX node 1206.
[0241] A second adapted WUS structure 3300 is proposed. As illustrated in FIG. 33, the second adapted WUS structure 3300 includes a signature part 3302 and a suffix part 3304. The second adapted WUS structure 3300 also includes a time gap 3303 between the signature part 3302 and the suffix part 3304. The time gap 3303 may allow for WUS processing at the WUS RX node 1206. The signature part 3302 of the second adapted WUS structure 3300 may be mapped to the identity of the WUS RX node 1206. Similarly, the suffix part 3304 of the second adapted WUS structure 3300 may be mapped to the identity of the WUS RX node 1206.
[0242] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to WUS procedure that takes into account use of a WUS structure, such as the first adapted WUS structure 3200 of FIG. 32 or the second adapted WUS structure 3300 of FIG. 33, that includes a suffix part. FIG. 34 illustrates an example WU procedure wherein the WUS response takes the form of a reflection of a suffix part of a WUS.
[0243] In FIG. 34, the configuration node 1202 (e.g., a UE, a BS, or a TRP, or a network node) is illustrated as transmitting (step 3412A) a WUS configuration and transmitting (step 3412B) a WUS response configuration to the WUS RX node 1206. Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 receives (step 3414A) the WUS configuration information and receives (step 3414B) the WUS response configuration. The configuration node 1202 is also illustrated as transmitting (step 3416A) a WUS configuration and transmitting (step 3416B) a WUS response configuration to the WUS TX node 1204. Subsequently, the WUS TX node 1204 receives (step 3418A) the configuration information and receives (step 3418B) the WUS response configuration. The transmitting (steps 1212, 1216) may be arranged to occur when the WUS RX node 1206 is in a first operational mode denoted, in FIG. 34, as “MODE 1. ” As a consequence of receiving (step 3414A, 3414B) the configuration information, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a second operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 34, as “MODE 2. ” In some implementations, MODE 2 and MODE 1 are the same.
[0244] Responsive to a trigger for wake-up of the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS TX node 1204 generates (step 3420) a WUS according to the WUS configuration received (step 3418) from the configuration node. The WUS may have the structure 3200 illustrated in FIG. 32, the structure 3300 illustrated in FIG. 33, or another structure that includes a suffix part. The WUS TX node 1204 then transmits (step 3422) the WUS. The WUS RX node 1206 is illustrated, in FIG. 34, as receiving (step 3424) the WUS and processing (step 3426) the WUS according to the WUS configuration received (step 3414A) from the configuration node 1202. Part of processing (step 3426) the WUS may involve the WUS RX node 1206 determining whether the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206. Responsive to determining (step 3426) that the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a third operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 34, as “MODE 3. ” Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 reflects (step 3428) the suffix part of the WUS, received in step 3424, back toward the WUS TX node 1204. The WUS RX node 1206 may alter the suffix part while performing the reflecting (step 3428) . For example, the WUS RX node 1206 may change parameters of the suffix part, such as by applying a frequency shift to the suffix part or by applying several frequency shifts to different parts of the suffix part. The altering while performing the reflecting (step 3428) may be used to embed, into the reflected suffix part, some information about the status of the WUS RX node 1206.
[0245] The embedded information may include an indication of a buffer status for the WUS RX node 1206 and an indication of a latency requirement for the buffered data at the WUS RX node 1206. The alteration of the suffix part (if the suffix part exists) at the WUS RX node 1206 may occur based on the WUS response configuration information received (step 3414B) from the configuration node 1202. Subsequently, the WUS TX node 1204 may receive (step 3430) the reflected, and possibly altered, suffix part. The WUS TX node 1204 may obtain the status of the WUS RX node 1206 by processing (step 3432) the reflected suffix part to decode the suffix part.
[0246] The WUS TX node 1204 may, optionally, use the WUS response configuration, received (step 3418B) from the configuration node 1202, to perform sensing on the received WUS response (the reflected suffix part) . By performing sensing on the received WUS response, the WUS TX node 1204 may obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters may include, without limitation, a range, a velocity, an angle, an orientation and a position associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters about the WUS RX node 1206 may reduce an overhead associated with procedures that may be carried out after the WU procedure. Such procedures may include initial access procedures and RACH procedures.
[0247] With regards to the scenario illustrated in FIG. 34, in some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the same node as the WUS TX node 1204. In some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the SMF node 176 illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0248] With regards to the scenario illustrated in FIG. 34, selection, by the WUS RX node 1206, of an operational mode may be based on power consumption. In some implementations, MODE 1 and / or MODE 2 may be a connected mode or a power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 may be an idle mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be an inactive mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a deep sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be any power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be the same. For example, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be a connected mode. In some implementations, there may be multiple power saving modes with different objectives and power consumption levels. In such implementations, the WU procedure may be used to change the operating mode from a mode with lower power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption.
[0249] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 34, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a TRP (or a BS) , the WUS RX node 1206 may be a UE and the configuration node 1202 may be a network node (possibly the same as the WUS TX node 1204) .
[0250] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 34, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a UE, the WUS RX node 1206 may be a TRP (or a BS) , and the configuration node 1202 may be the network node 1208.
[0251] FIG. 35A illustrates an example WU procedure wherein the WUS response takes the form of a reflection of a suffix part of a WUS. In FIG. 35A, the configuration node 1202 (e.g., a UE, a BS, or a TRP, or a network node) is illustrated as transmitting (step 3412A) a WUS configuration and transmitting (step 3412B) a WUS response configuration to the WUS RX node 1206. Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 receives (step 3414A) the WUS configuration information and receives (step 3414B) the WUS response configuration. The configuration node 1202 is also illustrated as transmitting (step 3416A) a WUS configuration and transmitting (step 3416B) a WUS response configuration to the WUS TX node 1204. Subsequently, the WUS TX node 1204 receives (step 3418A) the configuration information and receives (step 3418B) the WUS response configuration.
[0252] The configuration node 1202 may also transmit (step 3512) a WUS response configuration to the network node 1308. The network node 1308 may be representative of one or more network nodes 1308, such as TRPs and BSs. The transmission (step 3512) of the WUS response configuration to the network node 1308 may be followed by the network node 1308 receiving (step 3514) the WUS response configuration.
[0253] The transmitting (steps 3412A, 3412B, 3416A, 3416B) may be arranged to occur when the WUS RX node 1206 is in a first operational mode denoted, in FIG. 35A, as “MODE 1. ” As a consequence of receiving (step 3414A, 3414B) the configuration information, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a second operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 35A, as “MODE 2. ” In some implementations, MODE 2 and MODE 1 are the same.
[0254] Responsive to a trigger for wake-up of the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS TX node 1204 generates (step 3420) a WUS according to the WUS configuration received from the configuration node. The WUS may have the structure 3200 illustrated in FIG. 32, the structure 3300 illustrated in FIG. 33, or another structure that includes a suffix part. The WUS TX node 1204 then transmits (step 3422) the WUS. The WUS RX node 1206 is illustrated, in FIG. 34, as receiving (step 3424) the WUS and processing (step 3426) the WUS according to the WUS configuration received (step 3414A) from the configuration node 1202. Part of processing (step 3426) the WUS may involve the WUS RX node 1206 determining whether the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206. Responsive to determining (step 3426) that the WUS is intended for the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS RX node 1206 may enter a third operational mode, denoted, in FIG. 34, as “MODE 3” .
[0255] Subsequently, the WUS RX node 1206 reflects (step 3428) the suffix part of the WUS, received in step 3424, back toward the WUS TX node 1204 and the network node 1308. The WUS RX node 1206 may alter the suffix part while performing the reflecting (step 3428) . For example, the WUS RX node 1206 may change parameters of the suffix part, such as by applying a frequency shift to the suffix part or by applying several frequency shifts to different parts of the suffix part. The altering while performing the reflecting (step 3428) may be used to embed, into the reflected suffix part, some information about the status of the WUS RX node 1206.
[0256] The embedded information may include an indication of a buffer status for the WUS RX node 1206 and an indication of a latency requirement for the buffered data at the WUS RX node 1206. The alteration of the suffix part (if the suffix part exists) at the WUS RX node 1206 may occur based on the WUS response configuration information received (step 3414B) from the configuration node 1202. Subsequently, the network node 1308 may receive (step 3530) the reflected, and possibly altered, suffix part. The network node 1308 may obtain the status of the WUS RX node 1206 by processing (step 3532) the reflected suffix part to decode the suffix part.
[0257] The WUS TX node 1204 may, optionally, use the WUS response configuration, received (step 3418B) from the configuration node 1202, to perform sensing on the received WUS response (the reflected suffix part) . By performing sensing on the received WUS response, the WUS TX node 1204 may obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters may include, without limitation, a range, a velocity, an angle, an orientation and a position associated with the WUS RX node 1206. Such sensing parameters about the WUS RX node 1206 may reduce an overhead associated with procedures that may be carried out after the WU procedure. Such procedures may include initial access procedures and RACH procedures.
[0258] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 35A, in some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the same node as the WUS TX node 1204. In some implementations, the configuration node 1202 may be the SMF node 176 illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0259] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 35A, selection, by the WUS RX node 1206, of an operational mode may be based on power consumption. In some implementations, MODE 1 and / or MODE 2 may be a connected mode or a power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 may be an idle mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be an inactive mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be a deep sleep mode. In some implementations, MODE 2 can be any power saving mode. In some implementations, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be the same. For example, MODE 1 and MODE 3 can be a connected mode. In some implementations, there may be multiple power saving modes with different objectives and power consumption levels. In such implementations, the WU procedure may be used to change the operating mode from a mode with lower power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption.
[0260] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 35A, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a TRP (or a BS) , the WUS RX node 1206 may be a UE and the configuration node 1202 may be a network node (possibly the same as the WUS TX node 1204) .
[0261] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 35A, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1204 may be a UE, the WUS RX node 1206 may be a TRP (or a BS) , and the configuration node 1202 may be the network node 1208.
[0262] Some aspects of this implementation relate to the type of the signature part 3202, 3302 and the suffix part 3204, 3304. Note that the type of the signature part 3202, 3302 and the suffix part 3304 can be any type.
[0263] Some aspects of this implementation relate to embedding an identity of the WUS RX node 1206 into the suffix part 3204, 3304. To elaborate, a WUS RX node identity (also referred to as a WUS RX node ID) may be embedded into the suffix part 3204, 3304 so that a receiver of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 may determine the device that has reflected the suffix part 3204, 3304. The embedded information may be shown to help the receiver to associate the status obtained from the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 with the WUS RX node 1206 that has reflected the suffix part 3204, 3304. The embedded information may also be shown to help the receiver associate, with the correct WUS RX node 1206, the sensing parameters obtained by processing (step 3432, 3532) the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. The WUS RX node ID can be the same as or different than a global device identity, e.g., international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) , associated with the WUS RX node 1206. In some implementations, the WUS RX node ID can be a function of the global device identity associated with the WUS RX node 1206. For example, the WUS RX node ID can be the last four digits of the IMSI.
[0264] Various methods can be used to embed the WUS RX node ID into the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. In some implementations, the entire or a part of the WUS RX node ID can be embedded into the address of the time-frequency resources used for the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. For example, the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 reflected by a first WUS RX node (not shown) and the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 reflected by a second WUS RX node (not shown) may use different time-frequency resources. This enables the network to differentiate between the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 reflected by the first WUS RX node and the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 reflected by the second WUS RX node.
[0265] In some implementations, the entire or a part of the WUS RX node ID may be embedded into the parameters of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. The parameters of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 depend on the type of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. For example, for an LFM-based reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, the parameters comprise the sequence of LFM- rates and initial frequencies of the LFM signals. For ZC-sequence-based reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, the parameters comprise the root and cyclic shift of the ZC sequence. For PN-sequence-based reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, the parameters comprise feedback logic structure and initial state of LFSR. For m-sequence-based reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, the parameters comprise feedback logic structure and initial state of LFSR. For Gold-sequence-based reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, the parameters comprise feedback logic structures and initial states of LFSRs. Given a set of possibilities for the parameters of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, the first WUS RX node and the second WUS RX node can be associated with different parameters. This difference may be shown to enable a network entity to differentiate between the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 reflected by the first WUS RX node and the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 reflected by the second WUS RX node.
[0266] Some aspects of present disclosure relate to obtaining the sensing parameters from the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. As shown in FIG. 34 and in FIG. 35A, the WUS TX node 1204 or one or multiple network nodes 1208 may receive the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. Any receiver of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 may obtain (by measurement) sensing parameters such as angle of arrival (AoA) of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, a range between the receiver of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 and the WUS RX node 1206 that performed the reflecting, the velocity of the WUS RX node 1206 that performed the reflecting relative to the receiver of the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304.
[0267] In a variation of FIG. 35A, illustrated in FIG. 35B, in addition to the network node 1308 receiving (step 3530) and processing (step 3532) the suffix part that has been reflected (step 3428) by the WUS RX node 1206, the WUS TX node 1204 may also receive (step 3430) and process (step 3432) the suffix part that has been reflected (step 3428) by the WUS RX node 1206, as previously illustrated in FIG. 34.
[0268] FIG. 36 illustrates an example wherein the WUS TX node 1204 receives (step 3430, FIG. 34) the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304. The WUS TX node 1204 may measure AoA and range. Combining the measurements of the AoA and with the measurements of the range may provide, to the WUS TX node 1204, an estimate for a position of the WUS RX node 1206 using geometric techniques such as triangularization and trilateration. Note that, in such a scenario, only having one node that receives the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304 may be sufficient to find an accurate estimate for the position of the WUS RX node 1206 using mono-static sensing. The reason is that the passive nature of operations at the WUS RX node 1206 immunizes the measurement with respect to time synchronization errors. Having said that, if multiple nodes receive the reflected suffix part 3204, 3304, joint processing of the measurements performed at those nodes may provide improved sensing parameter estimation quality.
[0269] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, data may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. Data may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. Data may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances as required, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0270] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated implementations, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various implementations of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example implementations.
[0271] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative implementations, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative implementations, as well as other implementations of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or implementations.
[0272] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” and “an” are defined to mean “at least one. ” That is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0273] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially, ” “generally” and “about, ” which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0274] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled, ” and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical or any combinations thereof.
[0275] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match, ” “matching” and “matched, ” including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially, ” “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0276] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on. ” That is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” and, so, should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on, ” “representative of, ” “indicative of, ” “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0277] In the present disclosure, the terms “system” and “network” may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. “At least one” means one or more and “aplurality of” means two or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: only A exists; both A and B exist; and only B exists; where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “ / ” indicates an “or” relationship between associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces) ” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. “at least one of A, B, and C” may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0278] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0279] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0280] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0281] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this disclosure provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method performed by a first device, comprising:receiving a wake-up signal response configuration;receiving a wake-up signal;processing the wake-up signal; andcommunicating, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response with embedded status information, the status information based on the processing and related to the first device.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the embedded status information comprises an indication of a buffer status.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the embedded status information comprises an indication of a buffered data latency requirement.4.The method of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the embedded status information comprises a first device identity.5.The method of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the processing comprises decoding the wake-up signal.6.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first device comprises a user equipment.7.The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first device comprises a transmit receive point.8.The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first device carries out the receiving of the wake-up signal response configuration while operating in a first operational mode and wherein the method further comprises switching from the first operational mode to a second operational mode.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the first device carries out the receiving of the wake-up signal while operating in the second operational mode, the method further comprising:based on a result of processing of the wake-up signal, generating the wake-up signal response; andtransmitting the wake-up signal response.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises switching, responsive to transmitting the wake-up signal response, from the second operational mode to a third operational mode.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the third operational mode comprises the first operational mode.12.The method of claim 8, wherein the first operational mode comprises a connected mode.13.The method of claim 8, wherein the first operational mode comprises a power saving mode.14.The method of claim 8, wherein the second operational mode comprises a connected mode.15.The method of claim 8, wherein the second operational mode comprises a power saving mode.16.The method of claim 8, wherein the second operational mode comprises an idle mode.17.The method of claim 8, wherein the second operational mode comprises an inactive mode.18.The method of claim 8, wherein the second operational mode comprises a sleep mode.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the sleep mode comprises a deep sleep mode.20.The method of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the processing comprises determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device.21.The method of claim 20, further comprising, responsive to determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device, switching from the second operational mode to the third operational mode.22.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the communicating the wake-up signal response comprises transmitting a signal having delta shaped auto-correlation function.23.The method of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the communicating the wake-up signal response comprises transmitting a signal having a relatively low cross-correlation function.24.The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the wake-up signal has a type.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the communicating the wake-up signal response comprises transmitting a signal of the same type as the type of the wake-up signal.26.The method of claim 24, wherein the communicating the wake-up signal response comprises transmitting a signal that has a type that is distinct from the type of the wake-up signal.27.The method of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the communicating the wake-up signal response comprises transmitting a wake-up signal response signal that involves linear frequency modulation.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the wake-up signal response signal comprises a frequency modulated continuous waveform.29.The method of claim 27, wherein the wake-up signal response signal comprises a triangular waveform.30.The method of claim 27, wherein the wake-up signal response signal comprises a discrete waveform.31.The method of claim 27, wherein the discrete waveform is based on a sequence.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the sequence comprises one of or a combination of:a Zadoff-Chu sequence;a pseudo-random sequence;an m-sequence;a Gold sequence;a Walsh sequence;a Golay sequence;a Kasami sequence;a Low density sequence;a discrete Fourier transform sequence;a fast Fourier transform sequence; anda quadrature amplitude modulation symbol-based sequence.33.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving the wake-up signal response configuration;receiving the wake-up signal, the wake-up signal including a wake-up signal suffix; andwherein the communicating the wake-up signal response includes reflecting, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, the wake-up signal suffix.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the wake-up signal includes a wake-up signal signature and the wake-up signal suffix.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the wake-up signal includes a time gap between the wake-up signal signature and the wake-up signal suffix.36.The method of claim 33, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a type for the wake-up signal suffix.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration parameters for the wake-up signal suffix of the type.38.The method of claim 33, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration of at least one modification that the first device may perform on the wake-up signal suffix when reflecting the wake-up signal suffix.39.The method of claim 33, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a data embedding configuration and a mapping used to embed, into a reflection of the wake-up signal suffix, the embedded status information.40.The method of any one of claims 1-39, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a type for the wake-up signal response.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response.42.The method of any one of claims 1-41, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of an address at which is stored an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.43.The method of any one of claims 1-41, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes a data embedding configuration and a mapping used to embed, into the wake-up signal response, the embedded status information.44.A communication method performed by a second device, comprising:receiving a wake-up signal response configuration;receiving, from a wake-up signal response transmitter, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response with embedded status information; andobtaining the status information.45.The method of claim 44, wherein the embedded status information comprises an indication of a buffered data latency requirement.46.The method of claim 44, wherein the embedded status information comprises a first receiver identity.47.The method of any one of claims 44-46, wherein the second device comprises a user equipment.48.The method of any one of claims 44-46, wherein the second device comprises a transmit receive point.49.The method of any one of claims 44-46, wherein the second device comprises one or more network nodes.50.The method of any one of claims 44-49, further comprising processing the wake-up signal response according to the wake-up signal response configuration, wherein the processing comprises obtaining at least one sensing parameter associated with the wake-up signal response transmitter.51.The method of claim 50, wherein the at least one sensing parameter comprises at least one of range, velocity, angle, orientation, and position of the wake-up signal response transmitter.52.The method of any one of claims 44-51, further comprising:receiving the wake-up signal response configuration; andwherein the receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal suffix.53.The method of claim 52, wherein the wake-up signal includes a wake-up signal signature and the wake-up signal suffix.54.The method of claim 53, wherein the wake-up signal includes a time gap between the wake-up signal signature and the wake-up signal suffix.55.The method of claim 52, further comprising:receiving a wake-up signal configuration; andtransmitting, according to the wake-up signal configuration, the wake-up signal suffix.56.The method of any one of claims 44-55, further comprising:receiving a wake-up signal configuration; andtransmitting, according to the wake-up signal configuration, a wake-up signal.57.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-56.58.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises:a first communication apparatus including:one or more first processors; anda first memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more first processors, cause the first communication apparatus to:receive a wake-up signal response configuration;receive a wake-up signal;process the wake-up signal; andcommunicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response with embedded status information, the status information based on the processing and related to the first communication apparatus; anda second communication apparatus including:one or more second processors; anda second memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the second communication apparatus to:receive the wake-up signal response configuration;receive, from the first communication apparatus, the wake-up signal response with the embedded status information; andobtain the status information.59.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1-56.60.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-56.
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