Method, apparatus, and system for sensing data transmission
By processing sensing data through a dedicated first layer on the physical layer using optimized channels and protocols, the method enhances the efficiency and security of data transmission in ISAC systems, overcoming the challenges of large data volumes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/141979
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-28
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
The increasing demand for sensing data transmission in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems is not efficiently supported by current communication architectures, leading to challenges in efficiently transmitting large amounts of sensing data.
A method is implemented where sensing data is processed and transmitted through a first layer of the physical layer on the data plane, utilizing dedicated channels and protocols to ensure efficient data transmission, including processing, compression, and privacy protection, while minimizing resource usage and latency.
This approach enables reliable and efficient transmission of sensing data by optimizing the use of physical layer channels, reducing latency, and ensuring secure data processing, thereby addressing the inefficiencies in existing ISAC systems.
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Figure CN2024141979_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR SENSING DATA TRANSMISSION
[0001] The present application claims priority to US patent application No. 63 / 687,910, entitled "Light protocol stack for ISAC with physical layer split on data plane" , filed on August 28, 2024 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a method, apparatus and system for sensing data transmission.BACKGROUND
[0003] Sensing technologies can be integrated into communication systems to realize integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) . In the ISAC system, the communication function and sensing function can complement each other.
[0004] However, there is a gradual increase in the demand for sensing services and the amount of sensing data is increasing rapidly. For the ISAC system, the current communication architecture can not efficiently support the transmission of a huge amount of sensing data.
[0005] Therefore, how to transmit the sensing data efficiently is an urgent technical problem to be solved.SUMMARY
[0006] Embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus and system for sensing data transmission, which can transmit the sensing data efficiently.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a method may be applied to a receiver side, for example, an apparatus (e.g., a RAN node or a user equipment) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an apparatus on a network side or a terminal side. In the method, a first layer receives first sensing data through a first channel, where the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; and the first layer performs at least one processing on the first sensing data.
[0008] According to the above solution, the first sensing data is carried in the first connection and can be submitted to the first layer, which may have a dedicated capability to process sensing data, realizing efficient sensing data transmission.
[0009] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates the first channel.
[0010] According to the above solution, the related layers may obtain the related parameters of the first channel, then use the first connection to carry the first sensing data reliably.
[0011] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the first sensing data is marked with an identifier of the first channel.
[0012] According to the above solution, the identifier could be used to mark the first sensing data, so that the first sensing data can be transferred to the first layer reliably.
[0013] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the first layer is used to perform mapping between the first channel and a second channel, the second channel is used to carry second sensing data, and the second sensing data is based on the first sensing data.
[0014] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.
[0015] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the second sensing data is further submitted to a second layer, and the second layer is a service data adaption protocol (SDAP) layer or a layer of a protocol layer set, and the protocol layer set comprises one or more of: a general packet radio service tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) layer, a first quick user datagram protocol internet connection (QUIC) layer, a first media over QUIC (MoQ) layer and a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group.
[0016] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, at least one third layer is between a second part of the physical layer and the second layer, and one or more of the at least one third layer are in a transparent mode.
[0017] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, configuration information further indicates one or more of: the second channel, mapping between the first channel and the second channel, and one or more of at least one third layer are in a transparent mode.
[0018] According to the above solution, sensing data may not require some functions for communication data, so that the relevant layers can work in a transparent mode, to save processing resources.
[0019] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting, by the first layer, the second sensing data to first apparatus through the second layer, and the first apparatus is in a first radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node.
[0020] According to the above solution, the first layer can deliver the second sensing data via the interface with a RAN node or a CN node.
[0021] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the first layer is deployed in second apparatus, an interface is between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, the interface is based on the protocol layer set.
[0022] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the second sensing data comprises an indication filed indicating the second sensing data is uplink (UL) data or downlink (DL) data.
[0023] According to the above solution, the indication field may be used to determine the destination of the second sensing data.
[0024] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the configuration information further indicates the first sensing data is UL data or downlink data.
[0025] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting, by the first layer, second sensing data to third apparatus through the first channel or a third channel, wherein a radio interface is between the third apparatus and second apparatus, the first layer is deployed in the second apparatus, the third channel is provided by the first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the second sensing data is based on the first sensing data.
[0026] According to the above solution, the first layer may use the existed first channel (which carried the first sensing data) to carry the second sensing data. The procedure of re-establishing the connection is simplified. Alternatively, a new third channel is established to carry the second sensing data, and additional connections (e.g., bearers) may not be involved in the transmission, reducing the latency of second sensing data transmission.
[0027] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: transmitting, by the first layer, second sensing data to third apparatus through an SDAP layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer, wherein a radio interface is between the third apparatus and second apparatus, the first layer is deployed in the second apparatus, and the second sensing data is based on the first sensing data.
[0028] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, configuration information further indicates the first layer to transmit the second sensing data through the first channel, through the third channel, or through an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer and the physical layer.
[0029] According to the above solution, via the SDAP layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer and physical layer to transmit second sensing data via radio interface, the security and privacy (e.g., via ciphering and integrity protection) of the second sensing data can be guaranteed.
[0030] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the configuration information is comprised in one or more of: a radio resource control (RRC) message, a non-access stratum (NAS) message, a message on an interface between first apparatus and second apparatus, or a message defined for a sensing service.
[0031] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the at least one processing comprises one or more of: physical sensing signaling processing, sensing data compression, sensing data privacy protection, phase analysis, angle analysis, Doppler analysis, privacy protection, sensing data cleaning, sensing point cloud analysis, sensing point cloud fusion, mesh reconstruction based on sensing data, semantic segmentation on sensing data, artificial intelligence (AI) training on sensing data, AI inferencing on sensing data, and packet header encapsulation.
[0032] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the at least one processing is based on a quality of service (QoS) requirement on a sensing service.
[0033] According to the above solution, the first layer can be designed to support functions required by sensing services, realize reliable sensing data processing.
[0034] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the first layer is deployed in second apparatus comprised in a user equipment (UE) .
[0035] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the first layer is deployed in second apparatus comprised in a RAN node, in a centralized unit (CU) , in a distributed unit (DU) , or in a radio unit (RU) .
[0036] According to the first aspect, in a possible design, the first layer is integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) layer; a first channel is a first ISAC channel; and / or a second channel is a second ISAC channel.
[0037] According to a second aspect, a method may be applied to a transmitter side, for example, an apparatus (e.g., a RAN node or a UE) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an apparatus on a network side or a terminal side. In the method, a first layer generates sensing data; and the first layer transmits the sensing data through a channel, where the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane.
[0038] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: generating the sensing data bases on data from a second channel, and the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.
[0039] Various designs and technical effects according to the second aspect can refer to relevant description according to the first aspect and are omitted here.
[0040] According to a third aspect, a method may be applied to an apparatus (e.g., a RAN node, or a UE, or a core network node) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an apparatus on a network side or a terminal side. In the method, an apparatus generates configuration information, where the configuration information indicates a first channel, the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to a first layer, the first layer is used to process the sensing data, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; and the apparatus transmits the configuration information.
[0041] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the configuration information further indicates one or more of:a second channel and mapping between the first channel and the second channel, wherein the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.
[0042] Various designs and technical effects according to the third aspect can refer to relevant description according to the first aspect and are omitted here.
[0043] According to a fourth aspect, a method may be applied to an apparatus (e.g., a RAN node, or a UE, or a core network node) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an apparatus on a network side or a terminal side. In the method, an apparatus receives configuration information, where the configuration information indicates a first channel, the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to a first layer, the first layer is used to process the sensing data, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; and the apparatus transmits the sensing data based on the configuration information.
[0044] According to the second aspect, in a possible design, the configuration information further indicates one or more of:a second channel and mapping between the first channel and the second channel, wherein the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.
[0045] Various designs and technical effects according to the fourth aspect can refer to relevant description according to the first aspect and are omitted here.
[0046] According to a fifth aspect, a method may be applied to an apparatus (e.g., a RAN node, or a core network node) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an apparatus on a network side. In the method, a first function receives sensing data via an interface from a second function; and the first function processes the sensing data.
[0047] According to the seventh aspect, in a possible design, the method further includes: the first function transmits the processed sensing data.
[0048] According to a sixth aspect, a method may be applied to an apparatus (e.g., a RAN node, or a core network node) or a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in an apparatus on a network side or a terminal side. In the method, a second function obtains sensing data; and the second function transmit the sensing data via an interface to a first function.
[0049] According to the above solution, the first function and / or the second function can be designed dedicatedly for sensing data, realizing efficient sensing data transmission and processing.
[0050] According to the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, in a possible design, the first function is comprised in a radio access network (RAN) node, a centralized unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) or a core network (CN) node; and the second function is comprised in a RAN node, a CU, an RU, a DU or a CN node.
[0051] According to the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, in a possible design, the sensing data is transmitted via the interface to the second function through a third function, and the third function is comprised in a RAN node, a CU or a CN.
[0052] According to the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, in a possible design, the interface is based on a protocol layer set, and the protocol layer set comprises one or more of: general packet radio service tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) layer, quick user datagram protocol internet connection (QUIC) layer, media over QUIC (MoQ) layer and a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group.
[0053] Various designs and technical effects according to the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect can refer to relevant description according to the first aspect and are omitted here.
[0054] According to a seventh aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0055] According to an eighth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0056] According to a ninth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the third aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0057] According to a tenth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fourth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0058] According to an eleventh aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the fifth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the fifth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0059] According to a twelfth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the sixth aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means for performing operations in the sixth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0060] According to a thirteenth aspect, another communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in any one of from the first aspect to the sixth aspect. One or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of any one of from the first aspect to the sixth aspect.
[0061] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0062] In some implementations, the communication apparatus may further include a memory.
[0063] The communication apparatus may be a terminal, a module in a terminal, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a terminal, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip, or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0064] The communication apparatus may be a location server (e.g., in a RAN node or a CN node) , a module in a location server, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a location server, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or a SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0065] According to a fourteenth aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system includes one or more of: a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect, a third communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the third aspect, a fourth communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, a fifth communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, and a sixth communication apparatus configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the sixth aspect.
[0066] According to a fifteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, or the sixth aspect.
[0067] According to a sixteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first, the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, or the sixth aspect.
[0068] According to a seventeenth aspect, this application provides a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, or an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0069] According to an eighteenth aspect, this application provides a method performed by a system comprising at least one of an apparatus in (or at) a terminal of the present application, and an apparatus in (or at) a network node of the present application.
[0070] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0071] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0072] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communications system 100;
[0073] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED and a base station;
[0074] FIG. 4 illustrates units or modules in a device;
[0075] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410;
[0076] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary system architecture to which the method embodiments can be applied;
[0077] FIG. 7 is used to show one example of deployment of the future (or advanced) 6G system in evolutionary solution;
[0078] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sensing procedure with a sensing transmitter (Tx) and sensing receiver (Rx) ;
[0079] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to some implementations of this application;
[0080] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the first layer, the first part of PHY layer and the second part of PHY layer according to some implementations of this application;
[0081] FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D are schematic diagrams of the location of the first layer, the first part of PHY layer and the second part of PHY layer according to some implementations of this application;
[0082] FIG. 12 illustrates the protocol stacks on Tx and Rx side according to some implementations of this application;
[0083] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of sensing data transmission path according to some implementations of this application;
[0084] FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of feedback from sensing Rx to Tx according to some implementations of this application.
[0085] FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to implementations of this application;
[0086] FIG. 16 illustrates the ISAC network architecture according to some implementations of this application;
[0087] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of ISAC-PSF on control plane according to implementations of this application;
[0088] FIG. 18 illustrates an integrated RAN architecture for XaaS services according to some implementations of this application;
[0089] FIG. 19 illustrates a split RAN architecture for XaaS services according to implementations of this application;
[0090] FIG. 20 illustrates CU as an anchor point of split RAN architecture for XaaS services according to some implementation of this application;
[0091] FIG. 21 illustrates that XaaS service function in RAN connects to CN directly via direct interface (e.g., Ny-C, Ny-U) without going through CU according to some implementations of this application; and
[0092] FIG. 22 illustrates that either or both of: XaaS service function in RAN connects to CN directly via direct interface, and CU connects to CN directly via direct interface according to some implementations of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0093] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0094] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0095] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 may comprise a radio access network 120. The radio access network (RAN) 120 may be a future generation radio access network, or a legacy (such as 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) ) radio access network, the RAN 120 may be a network using another radio access technology. In some implementations, radio access refers to a future generation air interface of standards which may comprise both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , and more details will be described below. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also comprise a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0096] In general, the communication system 100 enables communication of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0097] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0098] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0099] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for communication system 100. As described earlier, the communication system 100 may include EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , RAN 120a, 120b, and one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a, 120b may include respective network nodes 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) . As referred to herein, the terms “TRP” and “base station” may be used interchangeably unless explicitly noted otherwise in a given example or section. For brevity, this disclosure may primarily refer to base station; however, absent an explicit limitation, references to TRP are merely non-limiting instances of interchangeable use. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0100] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0101] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered to be a radio access network (RAN) , with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device, the at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, which communicates with the ED 110 via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (i.e., referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device to communicate with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0102] A base station (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) 170 may be a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. Base station 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. When a base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the base station.
[0103] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is an example only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0104] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0105] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0106] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0107] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0108] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0109] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110a, 110d may communicate an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0110] An air interface (such as 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0111] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0112] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) .
[0113] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by CN 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0114] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170 a-170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172) .
[0115] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 in a communication system (such as the communication system 100) . The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (such as network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although there is only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or 320 could be one or more. For example, one ED 110 may be served by only one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP 172) , by more than one T-TRP 170 (or more than one NT-TRP 172) . One ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRP 170 and one or more NT-TRP172. Similarly, one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP172) may serve one or more ED 110.
[0116] Apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, such as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0117] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0118] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0119] The processor 210 may perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In detail, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0120] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0121] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201, and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0122] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated to in the figure) . The apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0123] In some implementations, the parts of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one or more nodes) , and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatus 320s. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or the use of ORAN system as described above in the application.
[0124] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (such as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, such as to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to physical layer processing. The apparatus 320 may further comprise scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the apparatus 320a. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0125] The apparatus 320 (and / or the apparatus 310) may be included in a communication system (e.g., the system described in this application) . The apparatus 320 may be an electronic device (e.g. ED or other future or advanced customer) , a network node such as RAN, any components in RAN, CN or any Network Function of CN. As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 320 may include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 260 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0126] When the apparatus is RAN, components of the RAN or the apparatus is the UE, the apparatus 320 may further include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0127] The apparatus 320 may include at least one memory 258. The memory 258 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also stores data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 260.
[0128] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0129] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0130] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0131] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an appartus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0132] Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a-b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0133] It should be noted that in present application, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0134] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as ED 110 or TRPs 170a-170b, 172. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in ED 110, or apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in one of TRPs 170a-170b, 172, or apparatus 320.
[0135] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors / processor cores 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with other apparatus / system such as a radio frequency processing apparatus, or processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors (or processor cores) , a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0136] Apparatus 410 may be processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or included in processor 210 (or 260) in apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. Apparatus 410 may be or include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0137] FIG. 5 illustrates example of apparatus 510. Apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0138] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 is the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0139] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be memory 258.
[0140] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0141] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, for example, a modem chip, a system on chip SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0142] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity, or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software, or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0143] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (central processing units, CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0144] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0145] A processor, a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (NPU) .
[0146] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0147] An evolutionary solution of a future system architecture (or referred to as an advanced system architecture) design and procedure design are described in the present application. The evolutionary solution is designed by enhancement of 5G system.
[0148] The proposed future network architecture has been designed with a few important principles and requirements: openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of future (or advanced) networks and future-proofing.
[0149] The proposed future network architecture design applies modularization strategy, utilizes service-based and X as a service (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0150] For all of the procedure designs, we are trying modularization of procedures. A procedure of the future (or advanced) system may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure is defined as a basic procedure (or other names) .
[0151] A complex procedure can, thus, include multiple sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can simplify designs of procedures.
[0152] The detailed description set forth below in connection with FIG. 6 is intended as a description of an exemplary system architecture to which the method embodiments can be applied.
[0153] The future (or advanced) system leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the future (or advanced) system are categorized into three layers. An example of the future (advanced) system conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 6. In some instances, the three layers may be: 1) infrastructure layer; 2) control management (C / M) layer; 3) service layer. Service (s) in the infrastructure layer may provide wireless network service (s) . Service (s) in the C / M layer may provide control or management service (s) . Service (s) in the service layer may provide basic processing service (s) . Notably, each block in FIG. 6 may be referred to as a service, such as a XaaS service.
[0154] In FIG. 6, in some implementations, each XaaS service is provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, a XaaS service can be provided with 5G enhancement by more than one approaches. FIG. 6 is only an example. Detailed descriptions of these services are given below.
[0155] In the future (advanced) system conceptual structure:
[0156] In some implementations, without limitation, infrastructure layer includes infrastructures supporting future (or advanced) services. Among them are wireless networks (for example, Radio Access Network (RAN) , Core Network (CN) ) infrastructures, Cloud / data center infrastructures (although not illustrated) , satellite (networks) infrastructures, storage / database infrastructures, and sensing (networks) infrastructure, and etc. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by multiple providers.
[0157] In some implementations, without limitation, C / M layer may include reference management (RM) , mission management (MM) , service provisioning management (SPM) , connectivity management (CM) , confederation network (CONET) , protocol and network security management.
[0158] RM as a Service provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices.
[0159] In some cases, RM as a service may include but not limited to enhanced radio resource management (RRM) function, enhanced network slice selection function (NSSF) , and future (or advanced) RM function.
[0160] Notably, in implementations of this application, the symbol “+” represents “enhanced” . For example, enhanced RRM function is represented by “RRM+” in FIG. 6. An enhanced function may refer to that the function is enhanced compared to the corresponding 5G function. For example, the 5G AMF-Mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+; the 5G RRC function is enhanced, denoted as RRC+; the 5G Network Repository Function (NRF) is enhanced, denoted as NRF+; the 5G Session Management Function (SMF) is enhanced, denoted as SMF+; the 5G Network Exposure Function (NEF) is enhanced, denoted as NEF+; the 5G Authentication Server Function (AUSF) is enhanced, denoted as AUSF+; other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0161] Notably, in implementations of this application, the symbol “*” represents “future (or advanced) ” . For example, future (or advanced) RM function is represented by “RM*” in FIG. 6. A future (or advanced) function may refer to that a new function defined in a future (or advanced) communication system.
[0162] MM as a Service provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at Service Layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing packet data unit (PDU) connectivity and optionally providing data processing. The MM services may include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service.
[0163] In some cases, MM as a service may include but not limited to: enhanced session management function (SMF) , enhanced policy control function (PCF) , enhanced network (NET) and enhanced unified data repository (UDR) .
[0164] SPM) as a Service provides a capability of control and management of future (advanced) service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by ID management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management.
[0165] In some cases, SPM as a service may include but not limited to: enhanced authentication server function (AUSF) , future (or advanced) Author, enhanced integrated data multiplexer (IDM) , enhanced access and mobility management function (AMF) -security and enhanced radio resource connection (RRC) -security.
[0166] CM as a service provides a capability of reachability management of future (advanced) wireless devices and D-users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of future (or advanced) System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across multiple broadband access server (BAS) domains.
[0167] In some cases, CM as a service may include but not limited to: enhanced AMF-mobility and enhanced RRC.
[0168] A confederation network (CONET) as a service providing a capability to enable multiple partners to jointly provide future (or advanced) services. This capability is provided by confederation formation, mutual authentication, mutual authorization among partners, and negotiation of an agreement on recording and retracing of selected actions performed by partners, in order to ensure a trustworthy environment of future (advanced) system operations.
[0169] In some cases, CONET as a service may include but not limited to future (or advanced) CONET.
[0170] Protocol as a Service provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces.
[0171] In some cases, protocol as a service may include but not limited to enhanced quick UDP internet connections (QUIC) , enhanced GPRS tunneling protocol user plane (GTPU) and enhanced service data adaption protocol (SDAP) .
[0172] Network security management as a service providing a capability for owners of infrastructures to detect potential security risks of their infrastructures.
[0173] Notably, services in the C / M layer support control and management of the system itself and also provide support to verticals if requested. One example is that the RM service can serve a RAN for over-the-air resource management and can also provide a service to a vertical for the vertical’s over-the-air resource allocation to its end customers. The services in the C / M layer may be deployed by using the slicing technique.
[0174] In some implementations, without limitation, service layer may include network for AI (denoted as NET4AI) , network for data (denoted as NET4Data) , data analysis and management (DAM) , network for block chain (denoted as NET4BC) , network for digital world (denoted as NET4DW) , network for connectivity (denoted as NET4CON) and other verticals.
[0175] A NET4AI is a new type of service in future (or advanced) CN / RAN which enables network with the capability to conduct / execute AI training / inferencing task (s) . i.e., AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. In some implementations of this application, the evolutionary solution to support NET4AI service by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described.
[0176] In some cases, NET4AI as a service may include but not limited to future (or advanced) processing service function (PSF) and enhanced network data analytics function (NWDAF) .
[0177] A NET4Data service provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive, confidential. In some implementations of this application, the NET4Data service could be integrated into the 5G system (5GS) , or could be enhanced by the 5GS.
[0178] In some cases, NET4Data as a service may include but not limited to enhanced analytics data repository function (ADRF) and enhanced unstructured data storage function (UDSF) .
[0179] DAM may focus on different types of data: network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , ISAC data (3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from UE and RAN) , Non-3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from Radar, LiDAR, WiFi Sensing) ) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, NF, UE, etc. 5G system logical functions for example: NWDAF, data collection coordination function (DCCF) , and messaging framework adaptor function (MFAF) of control plane can be enhanced to support DAM service in an evolutionary solution.
[0180] In some cases, DAM as a service may include but not limited to enhanced NWDAF, future (or advanced) PSF, enhanced DCCF and enhanced MFAF.
[0181] NET4BC may provide the capability for supporting future (or advanced) block chain services.
[0182] NET4DW as a service may provide the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and digital world (DW) . Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary.
[0183] In some cases, NET4DW as a service may include but not limited to future (or advanced) digital world communication (DWC) , future (or advanced) digital world privacy protection (DWP) , enhanced NWDAF and enhanced UDR.
[0184] NET4CON as a service may provide a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new future (or advanced) services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON include to manage logical topology among XaaS services and between future (or advanced) XaaS services and all types of future (or advanced) system customers, to introduce intelligent gateways (GWs) for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and to support anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON service is provided by enhancement of 5G system.
[0185] In some cases, NET4CON as a service may include but not limited to enhanced NRF, enhanced SCP and enhanced UPF.
[0186] The detailed description set forth below in connection with FIG. 7 is intended as a description of another exemplary system architecture to which the method embodiments can be applied.
[0187] FIG. 7 is used to show one example of deployment of the future (or advanced) system in evolutionary solution.
[0188] A network may include one or more BAS domains, e.g., BAS domain 1, BAS domain 2 and BAS domain 3 illustrated in FIG. 7. For example, BAS domain 1 may be deployed at RAN clouds, BAS domain 2 may be deployed at CN clouds, and BAS domain 3 may be deployed at 3rd party clouds. A customer may connect wirelessly to the network as illustrated in the left of the FIG. 7. Alternatively, a customer may connect to the network wired as illustrated in the right of the FIG. 7. In some cases, the customer may be a future (or advanced) customer.
[0189] The future (or advanced) customer can be various of types, including a device (e.g., electronic device ED, terminal device) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment) etc. For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer, etc. The future (or advanced) customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The future (or advanced) customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0190] Each future (or advanced) customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation (or advanced generation) customer may be referred to using other terms. When a future (or advanced) customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0191] The customer may be wirelessly connected to the network through one or more control and management (C / M) radio bearers and one or more data radio bearers:
[0192] C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a future (or advanced) device: over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A future (or advanced) device may have multiple C / M RBs.
[0193] Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a future (or advanced) device: over-the-air connection for carrying Data plane traffic. A future (or advanced) device may have multiple Data RBs.
[0194] RB endpoint: endpoint of an RB at network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) can be in, e.g., a RAN BAS domain, but not limited to. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0195] RB handler: over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler is defined as a logical function which performs RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from Connectivity Management (CM) service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from Service Provisioning Management (SPM) service.
[0196] The customer may be further wirelessly (or wired) connected to the network through one or more C / M sessions and one or more data sessions:
[0197] The NET4CON service which is main service impacting on future (or advanced) system architecture is implemented by enhanced 5G Service Communication Proxy (SCP+) as C / M plane GW and enhanced 5G User Plane Function (UPF+) as data plane GW. Proposed per device / D-User C / M session and data session are defined as logical connection between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+ (C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ (Data-TW-GW) . All XaaS services are deployed across multiple BAS domains / clouds.
[0198] Data Plane is defined as a plane which comprises a collection of data process functions of XaaS services and is used for traffic processing and / or transmission. Data plane can be a new plane deployed in a revolutionary method in future network, or an enhanced plane (e.g., enhanced user plane) in an evolutionary method in future network. For example, in a revolutionary method, the Data Plane comprise Data-TW-GW, RAN node and XaaS processing service function (PSF) . As another example, in an evolutionary method, the Data Plane comprise UPF+, RAN node and XaaS PSF. If the XaaS service is only for packet data unit (PDU) connectivity, the Data Plane comprise UPF+ and RAN node, without XaaS PSF.
[0199] Each of the RAN infrastructure (cloud) , CN infrastructure (cloud) and 3rd party clouds may connect to the corresponding UPF+ (data-TW-GW) via data plane logical connections. Multiple UPF+ may connect to each other via data plane logical connections. Each UPF+ may further connect to the service layer via data plane logical connections. As aforementioned in FIG. 6, the service layer may include but not limited: NET4AI, DAM, NET4DW, NET4Data and NET4BC. Detailed description of these services can be found in FIG. 6.
[0200] Each SCP+ may connect to the service layer and the C / M layer via C / M plane logical connections. As aforementioned in FIG. 6, the C / M layer may include one or more 5G control plane (CP) / management plane (MP) functions and one or more future (or advanced) C / M functions (illustrated as C / M functions*in FIG. 7) . The detailed description of functions deployed on the C / M layer can be found in FIG. 6. Multiple UPF+ may connect to each other via C / M plane logical connections.
[0201] A sending method provided by this application can be applied to any one of communications systems illustrated in FIGs. 1 to 7. Before introducing the sensing method, a sensing procedure is described in combination with FIG. 8.
[0202] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a sensing procedure with a sensing transmitter (Tx) and sensing receiver (Rx) .
[0203] As shown in FIG. 8, 3GPP-based sensing is to detect (passive) object using Radio Frequency (RF) signals. For example, it can be used to detect object shape, size, speed, location, trajectory, air quality, etc. A sensing transmitter (Tx) sends sensing signals, and the sensing signals are reflected by an object (e.g., object#1, object#2) , and a sensing receiver (Rx) receives and collects the reflected signals. Network (or UE) performs processing and analytics on sensing data (e.g., the collected reflected signals) to obtain sensing results.
[0204] Different sensing modes can be classified based on the location of Tx and Rx. For example:
[0205] 1: gNB-based mono-static sensing: both Tx and Rx are in a same RAN node;
[0206] 2: UE-based mono-static sensing: both Tx and Rx are in a same UE;
[0207] 3: gNB-to-gNB-based bi-static sensing: Tx is in a RAN node and Rx is in another RAN node;
[0208] 4: UE-to-UE-based bi-static sensing: Tx is in a UE and Rx is in another UE;
[0209] 5: gNB-to-UE-based bi-static sensing: Tx is in a RAN node and Rx is in a UE; and
[0210] 6: UE-to-gNB-based bi-static sensing: Tx is in a UE and Rx is in a RAN node.
[0211] In FIG. 8, the solutions for the following issues are not provided:
[0212] How can Rx (e.g., Rx on a RAN node or a UE) submit sensing data (e.g., the collected sensing reflected signals, processed results of sensing reflected signals) to local upper layers or other nodes (e.g., to a CN function, to another RAN node or UE) ?
[0213] How can Rx feedback sensing data (e.g., the collected sensing reflected signals, processed results of sensing reflected signals) to Tx?
[0214] For a Rx side, the method can be applied to a terminal (e.g., UE) or a module, a circuit or a chip in UE; or be applied to a network node (e.g., a RAN node) or a module, a circuit or a chip in a RAN node. Similarly, for a Tx side, the method can be applied to a terminal (e.g., UE) or a module, a circuit or a chip in UE; or be applied to a network node (e.g., a RAN node) or a module, a circuit or a chip in a RAN node. As an example, the method can be performed by device#1 or an apparatus (e.g., second apparatus where the first layer deployed) in device#1 on Rx side, and performed by device#2 or an apparatus (e.g., first apparatus) in device#2 on Tx side.
[0215] As aforementioned in FIG. 8, there are various sensing modes based on the location of Tx and Rx. In other words, the device#1 and the device#2 may be the same device; or the device#1 and device#2 may be different devices. For example:
[0216] 1: gNB-based mono-static sensing: both Tx (device#2) and Rx (device #1) are in a same RAN node,
[0217] 2: UE-based mono-static sensing: both Tx (device #2) and Rx (device #1) are in a same UE,
[0218] 3: gNB-to-gNB-based bi-static sensing: Tx (device #2) is in a RAN node and Rx (device #1) is in another RAN node,
[0219] 4: UE-to-UE-based bi-static sensing: Tx (device #2) is in a UE and Rx (device #1) is in another UE,
[0220] 5: gNB-to-UE-based bi-static sensing: Tx (device #2) is in a RAN node and Rx (device #1) is in a UE, and
[0221] 6: UE-to-gNB-based bi-static sensing: Tx (device #2) is in a UE and Rx (device #1) is in a RAN node.
[0222] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to some implementations of this application.
[0223] At step 910, device#1 receives first sensing data from device#2. Correspondingly, device#2 transmits the first sensing data to device#1.
[0224] The device#1 includes a first layer, the first layer receives the first sensing data through a first channel. The first channel is provided by a first part of a physical (PHY) layer to the first layer. The first layer is used to process sensing data. According to this solution, the first sensing data can be submitted to the first layer, which can be used to process the sensing data dedicatedly. The sensing data transmission is more efficient.
[0225] The first layer may be used to process sensing data. In some implementations, the first layer may be designed to process sensing data dedicatedly. Thus, the sensing data can be reliably processed by the first layer. In some implementations, the first layer may be referred to as ISAC data processing service function (ISAC-PSF) layer, sensing-PSF layer or other names. This is not limited to this application. In some implementations of this application, the first layer, the ISAC-PSF layer and the sensing-PSF layer may be used interchangeably.
[0226] Notably, in some implementations of this application, the terms “layer” and “sublayer” can be used interchangeably.
[0227] The ISAC-PSF layer may be a layer designed dedicatedly to process sensing data. The ISAC-PSF may be deployed various of devices:
[0228] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a protocol layer of a UE.
[0229] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a protocol layer of a RAN node. The RAN node can be a static node or a mobile node (e.g., supported by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ) . In some cases, the RAN node is a Base Station (e.g., a gNB, a xNB) . In some cases, the RAN node is an ISAC-PSF network function which is a standalone network function deployed in RAN, e.g., different from Base Station. The ISAC-PSF network function in RAN is dedicatedly deployed to provide ISAC service, e.g., to provide processing on ISAC data.
[0230] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a protocol layer of a CN network function. In some cases, the CN network function is an ISAC-PSF network function which is a standalone network function newly deployed in CN. The ISAC-PSF network function in CN is dedicatedly deployed to provide ISAC service, e.g., to provide processing on ISAC data. In some cases, the CN network function is other network functions on data plane or control plane, e.g., Data-TW-GW / UPF+, NWDAF+. Note that in this disclosure, we will use X+ and eX interchangeably, e.g., UPF+ and eUPF, SMF+ and eSMF.
[0231] Notably, when the ISAC-PSF layer is deployed in a RAN node. The ISAC-PSF may be deployed in RU, DU, CU or an individual unit. The individual unit may be designed to process sensing data dedicatedly or perform other functions further. This is not limited to this application.
[0232] Notably, ISAC-PSF layer (or termed as Sensing-PSF interchangeably) may be deployed on data plane and / or control plane. ISAC-PSF layer can be in UE, RAN and CN. One or more ISAC-PSF entities can be deployed in ISAC-PSF layer. The first layer mainly refers to the ISAC-PSF layer in UE or RAN.
[0233] The first part of a PHY layer may perform part of functions of the PHY layer. For example:
[0234] For example, PHY layer can be splitted further, e.g., via lower layer split (e.g., LLS) . PHY layer can be splitted into PHY lower layer (PHY-L) and PHY higher layer (PHY-H) . PHY-L performs functionalities of a part of PHY layer (e.g., fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse fast Fourier transformation (IFFT) ) , PHY-H performs another part of PHY layer (e.g., Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel estimation, MIMO equalizer, precoding, Encoder, Decoder) . There may be different split methods which are not limited.
[0235] In other words, the first part of PHY layer may be referred to as a PHY-L layer. A first channel may be established between the first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) and the PHY-L layer.
[0236] The first layer and the first part of PHY layer, which both are deployed in the device#1 (Rx) , may be included in the same unit (apparatus, element) or different units (apparatus, elements) flexibly.
[0237] In a first implementation, the first layer and the first part of PHY layer may be included in the same unit (apparatus, element) . For example, the first layer and the first part of PHY layer may be integrated into one unit in UE, a RAN node, or a RU.
[0238] In a second implementation, the first layer and the first part of PHY layer may be included in different units (apparatus, elements) . For example, the first part of PHY layer (e.g., PHY-L layer) may be deployed in RU, and the first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) may be deployed in DU. For another example, the first part of PHY layer (e.g., PHY-L layer) may be deployed in RU, and the first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) may be deployed in an individual unit. The individual unit may be designed to process sensing data dedicatedly or perform other functions further. This is not limited to this application.
[0239] Notably, ISAC-PSF layer (or termed as Sensing-PSF interchangeably) may be deployed on data plane and / or control plane. ISAC-PSF layer can be in UE, RAN and CN. One or more ISAC-PSF entities can be deployed in ISAC-PSF layer. The first layer mainly refers to the ISAC-PSF layer in UE or RAN.
[0240] The first channel is established between the first layer and the first part of PHY layer to transmit the first sensing data. In some implementations, the first channel may be a transport channel. In other words, the first part of PHY layer (e.g., PHY-L layer) may provide a transport channel (e.g., the first channel) for the first layer. In some implementations of this application, the first channel may be also referred to as PHY-L channel, this is not limited to this application.
[0241] In some implementations, the first channel may be assigned / associated with an identifier (ID) (e.g., termed as PHY-L channel ID interchangeably) . The PHY-L channel ID may be used to mark the first sensing data, so that the first sensing data can be transferred to the first layer reliably.
[0242] The first sensing data is a general term of data before being processed by the first layer, which may have different forms at different stages. For example, the first sensing data output by the device#2 may include at least one raw sensing signal. The first sensing data input by the device#1 (e.g., the first part of PHY layer of the device#1) may include at least one reflected sensing signal. The first sensing data output by the first part of PHY layer (i.e., the first sensing data carried in the first channel) may include the reflected sensing signal after a simple processing in the first part of PHY layer. For another example, the first sensing data output by the device#2 may include sensing data (e.g., sensing-related information) to be transmitted to device#1. The first sensing data output by the first part of PHY layer may include the sensing data after a simple processing in the first part of PHY layer. This is not limited to this application.
[0243] In some implementations, there are different types of data to be collected, analyzed and managed in the future network. Sensing data (termed as ISAC data interchangeably) is a new and important type of data to be collected, analyzed and managed in future network, e.g., in 5.5G, future (or advanced) network. Sensing data can be collected with 3GPP-based sensing (or termed as network-based sensing interchangeably) or non-3GPP-based sensing (or termed as non-network-based sensing interchangeably) . 3GPP-based sensing is to detect (passive) object using Radio Frequency (RF) signals. Non-3GPP-based sensing is to detect object using methods of Radar, LiDAR, or WiFi, or to collect data from sensor, e.g., Camera sensor, or video sensor.
[0244] In some cases, 3GPP-based sensing data comprises raw sensing signal, sensing measurement data, pre-processed sensing data (e.g., compressed sensing data) , and sensing result (e.g., result obtained with analyzing 3GPP-based sensing data) . In some cases, sensing result can be obtained with analyzing both 3GPP-based sensing data and non-3GPP-based sensing data) .
[0245] Refer to 3GPP document for more details of sensing or ISAC, e.g., 3GPP TR 22.837 comprise use cases of sensing, 3GPP RWS-230186, RP-232124, RWS-230485, RWS-230148, RWS-230148, and RWS-230219.
[0246] Device#2 may transmit data to enable device#1 to receive the first sensing data in a variety of ways. In some implementations, a first layer (ISAC-PSF layer) is also included in device#2. The ISAC-PSF layer may generate data, and transmit the data to a PHY layer directly or not. The PHY layer of device#2 transmits the data (e.g., radio frequency signals) , and the data may be reflected by a sensing object to the PHY layer (or PHY-L) of device#1 over a radio interface (which will be illustrated in FIG. 12) . Then the first sensing data is generated using the reflected data (e.g., reflected sensing signals) and delivered to the first layer of device#1. In this case, device#1 and device#2 may be considered that have similar structure of protocol stacks, so that device#1 receiving first sensing data and device#2 transmitting first sensing data can be considered symmetric.
[0247] In some other implementations, the data may be transmitted by device#2 in a traditional method of transmitting data. For example, the data is not generated by a dedicatedly designed ISAC-PSF layer, and is passing through a traditional protocol stack to be transmitted. In this case, device#2 transmits the data (e.g., radio frequency signals such as reference signals) without the involvement of ISAC-PSF layer in device #2, and the data will be reflected by a Sensing Object to the PHY layer (or PHY-L) of device#1 over a radio interface (which will be illustrated in FIG. 12) . Then the first sensing data is generated using the reflected data (e.g., reflected sensing signals) and delivered to the first layer of device #1. This is not limited to this application.
[0248] At step 1020, the first layer of the device#1 processes the first sensing data to generate second sensing data.
[0249] In some implementations, the at least one processing includes one or more of: physical sensing signaling processing, sensing data compression, sensing data privacy protection, phase analysis, angle analysis, Doppler analysis, privacy protection, sensing data cleaning, sensing point cloud analysis, sensing point cloud fusion, mesh reconstruction based on sensing data, semantic segmentation on sensing data, artificial intelligence (AI) training on sensing data, AI inferencing on sensing data, and packet header encapsulation.
[0250] The functionality of ISAC-PSF layer comprises one or more of: Performing ISAC data processing (e.g., physical sensing signaling processing, data compression, sensing signal privacy protection) , Performing mapping between ISAC PHY-L channel and ISAC PHY-H channel, Sending data to lower layer (e.g., PHY-L layer) , and Submitting data to upper-layer (e.g., PHY-H layer) .
[0251] Data processing (also termed as in-network processing, in-network computing, in-network data processing, data computing, processing, or computing, interchangeably) can be but not limited to AI training, AI inference, data pre-processing, data de-privatization (data privacy protection) , data cleaning, data collection, data analytics, data fusion, data sanitization, data management, data normalization, useless data filtering, data feature engineering, data compression, data embedding, data representation learning, and data feature extraction.
[0252] In some implementations, the at least one processing is based on a QoS requirement on a sensing service. For example, the first layer may determine or be configured the at least one processing based on the QoS requirement on the sensing service, to process the first sensing data reliably.
[0253] In some implementations, the processed first sensing data may be generally referred to as second sensing data.
[0254] In some implementations, the second sensing data comprises an indication filed indicating the second sensing data is uplink (UL) data or downlink (DL) data.
[0255] For the transmission of the second sensing data, there are at least the following cases:
[0256] case 1: the second sensing data may be terminated at the first layer. For example, the first layer may use the first sensing data to determine / generate sensing-related decisions. The first layer may do not need to submit the sensing data to another layer or another device.
[0257] case 2: the second sensing data may be transmitted to another layer of the device#1 and terminated in the device#1. For example, the first layer may submit the second sensing data to a higher layer, which will be described in detail below.
[0258] case 3: the second sensing data may be transmitted to another device, and this another device is deployed in a RAN node or core network. For example, device#1 is deployed in a RAN node, the device#1 may transmit the second sensing data to another RAN node or core network, which will be described in detail with combination with step 930.
[0259] case 4: the second sensing data may be transmitted to another device, and this another device communicates with device#1 over radio interface. For example, this another device may be device#1, or another UE or RAN node, which will be described in detail with combination with step 940.
[0260] Referring to case 2 (i.e., the second sensing data may be transmitted to another layer of the device#1 and terminated in the device#1) , in some implementations, the second sensing data may be terminated at the second layer. The first layer may submit the second sensing data to a second layer directly or indirectly. For example, the second layer may be the SDAP layer. The first layer may submit the second sensing data to the SDAP layer directly. Alternatively, the first layer may submit the second sensing data to a second part of PHY layer, and the second part of PHY submits the second sensing data to the SDAP layer directly or indirectly.
[0261] As aforementioned, the first part of PHY layer may perform functionalities of a part of PHY layer. The second part of PHY layer may perform another part of the PHY layer. In some implementations, the second part of PHY layer may be referred to as PHY-H layer interchangeably.
[0262] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the first layer, the first part of PHY layer and the second part of PHY layer according to some implementations of this application. ISAC-PSF layer (as an example of the first layer) is established between the PHY-L layer (as an example of the first part of PHY layer) and the PHY-H layer (as an example of the second part of PHY layer) . The PHY-L layer provides a PHY-L channel (as an example of the first channel) for the ISAC-PSF layer, and the ISAC-PSF layer provides a PHY-H channel (as an example of the second channel) for the PHY-H layer.
[0263] The second channel established between the first layer and the second part of PHY layer. In some implementations, the second channel may be a transport channel. In other words, the first layer (ISAC-PSF layer) may provide a transport channel (i.e., the second channel) for the PHY-H layer. In some implementations of this application, the second channel may be also referred to as PHY-H channel, this is not limited to this application.
[0264] In some implementations, the second channel may be assigned / associated with an identifier (ID) (e.g., termed as PHY-H channel ID interchangeably) . The PHY-H channel ID may be used to mark the second sensing data, so that the second sensing data can be transferred to the PHY-H layer reliably.
[0265] In some implementations, the first layer may be used to perform mapping between the first channel and the second channel. For example, the identifier of the first channel (e.g., PHY-L channel ID) and the identifier of the second channel (e.g., PHY-H channel ID) have a mapping relationship. Thus, the first layer receives the first sensing data with the PHY-L channel ID, it can determine to submit the generated second sensing data through the second channel (e.g., PHY-H channel) based on the PHY-L channel ID and the mapping relationship.
[0266] As aforementioned, the first layer and the PHY-L layer may be included in the same unit (apparatus, element) or different units (apparatus, elements) flexibly. In some implementations, any two or more of the first layer, the first part of PHY layer and the second part of PHY layer may be included in the same unit (apparatus, element) or different units (apparatus, elements) flexibly.
[0267] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C and FIG. 11D are schematic diagrams of the location of the first layer, the first part of PHY layer and the second part of PHY layer according to some implementations of this application.
[0268] For a first example, the first layer, the first part of PHY layer and the second part of PHY layer may be included in the same unit (apparatus, element) . Exemplary, as illustrated in FIG. 11A, the PHY-L layer, ISAC-PSF layer and the PHY-H layer may be integrated into one unit in UE or a RAN node.
[0269] For a second example, the first layer and the PHY-L layer are deployed in the same unit, and the PHY-H layer is deployed in another unit. Exemplary, as illustrated in FIG. 11B, the PHY-L layer and the ISAC-PSF layer are deployed in unit#1 (e.g., RU) , and the PHY-H layer may be deployed in unit#2 (e.g., DU) . The first channel may be within the RU, and the second channel may be between RU and DU.
[0270] For a third example, the first layer and the PHY-H layer are deployed in the same unit, and the PHY-L is deployed in another unit. Exemplary, as illustrated in FIG. 11C, the PHY-L layer may be deployed in unit#1 (e.g., RU) , and ISAC-PSF layer and the PHY-H layer may be deployed in unit#2 (e.g., DU) . The first channel may be between RU and DU, and the second channel is within DU.
[0271] For a fourth example, each of the first layer, the PHY-L layer and the PHY-H layer are deployed in different units. Exemplary, the PHY-L layer is deployed in unit#1 (e.g., RU) , the PHY-H layer may be deployed in unit#2 (e.g., DU) and the ISAC-PSF layer may be deployed in unit#3 (e.g., an individual unit) . The individual unit may be designed to process sensing data dedicatedly or perform other functions further. This is not limited to this application. The first channel may be between the RU and an individual unit, and the second channel may be between the DU and the individual unit.
[0272] Notably, device#1 may further include one or more other layers, for example, a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, a SDAP layer and / or other layers (e.g., newly defined layers in future) . The location of these one or more other layers is not limited to this application. For example, the MAC layer and RLC layer may be also deployed in DU. The PDCP layer and the SDAP layer may be deployed in CU. For another example, the ISAC-PSF layer, the PHY-L layer, the PHY-H layer, the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the PDCP layer and the SDAP layer may be deployed in the same unit. This is not limited to this application and other possible implementations are not listed here.
[0273] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 12 illustrates the protocol stacks on Tx and Rx side according to some implementations of this application. Different sensing modes are supported by the Tx (device#2) and Rx (device#1) , they can be located in UE and / or RAN, for example:
[0274] As in FIG. 12, ISAC-PSF layer may be between PHY-L layer and PHY-H layer on data plane, e.g., on Rx side.
[0275] ISAC PHY-L channel: as in FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, PHY-L layer provides PHY-L channel to ISAC-PSF layer. ISAC PHY-L channel is between ISAC-PSF layer and PHY-L layer.
[0276] ISAC PHY-H channel: as in FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, ISAC-PSF layer provides PHY-H channel to PHY-H layer. ISAC PHY-H channel is between ISAC-PSF layer and PHY-H layer.
[0277] MAC layer: for the MAC layer, it performs (De-) multiplexing between communication and sensing resource.
[0278] SDAP layer: for the SDAP layer, it relays ISAC data to GTP-U layer (e.g., on Rx side, the SDAP layer forwards sensing data to GTP-U layer then to CN functions) . SDAP layer is optionally established, for example, ISAC-PSF layer can connect to GTP-U directly without passing through SDAP layer. In some cases, SDAP layer performs mapping between QoS flows (or data plane session) and ISAC radio bearers (e.g., when ISAC-PSF layer of a Rx sends sensing data (e.g., sensing result) back to Tx, or when SDAP layer of a Rx sends sensing data from ISAC radio bearer to GTP-U layer) .
[0279] PDCP layer and RLC layer (although not illustrated) : in some cases, there is no PDCP layer or RLC layer established, or they can be considered as being in transparent mode.
[0280] In some implementations, the second sensing data may be terminated at a second layer (e.g., SDAP layer) .
[0281] The PHY-H layer may transmit the second sensing data to the second layer directly or indirectly. In some implementations, one or more third layers are between the PHY-H layer and the second layer. Each third layer may work in a transparent mode or not.
[0282] For example, the second layer may be a SDAP layer. The third layers may include a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer. Each of the PDCP layer, RLC layer and MAC layer may be configured in a transparent based on the application scenario. For example, a MAC layer may have a function of performing (de-) multiplexing between communication and sensing resource. If the second sensing data does not need to be performed (de-) multiplexing, the MAC layer may be configured in a transparent mode (or not established) . Similarly, if the second sensing data does not need to be performed by the RLC layer and / or the PDCP layer, the RLC layer and / or the PDCP layer may be configured in a transparent mode (or not established) .
[0283] In some cases, the PHY-H layer may be in a transparent mode (or not established) .
[0284] Notably, in some instances, a layer in a transparent mode could buffer the first sensing data and submit the second sensing data to a higher layer. However, the other processing (e.g., packet header encapsulation, segmentation, reassembly, feedback, retransmission, etc. ) may be not performed. The function supported in a transparent mode is related to the type of the corresponding layer and application scenario. This is not limited to this application.
[0285] Notably, the transparent mode may be a mode that reduces some functions not required for sensing data. The transparent mode may be referred to as other names, for example, saving power mode, sensing mode, ISAC mode, and etc. This is not limited to this application.
[0286] Notably, this application does not exclude that the second sensing data is terminated at a newly defined layer in future. Moreover, this application does not exclude that the second sensing data passes through a newly defined layer in future.
[0287] In some implementations, the second part of PHY layer (e.g., PHY-H layer) may transmit the second sensing data through a transport channel. For example, if the PHY-H layer transmits the second sensing data to a MAC layer, the transport channel is between the PHY-H layer and the MAC layer, and the PHY-H layer may provide the transport layer for the MAC layer.
[0288] In some implementations, the PHY-H layer may perform mapping between the second channel and the transport channel. For example, the identifier of the second channel (e.g., PHY-H channel ID) and the identifier of the transport channel have a mapping relationship. Thus, the PHY-H layer receives the second sensing data with the PHY-H channel ID, it can determine to submit the generated second sensing data through the transport channel based on the PHY-H channel ID and the mapping relationship.
[0289] Notably, the second sensing data may further pass through one or more connections (e.g., channel, bearer) . For example, the PHY-H may transmit the second sensing data to the MAC layer through the third channel, the MAC layer may transmit the second sensing data to the RLC layer through a logical channel, the RLC layer may transmit the second sensing data to the PDCP layer through an RLC channel, and the PDCP layer may transmit the second sensing data to the SDAP layer through a bearer. This is not limited to this application.
[0290] Referring to case 3: the second sensing data may be transmitted to another device (illustrated as device#3 in FIG. 9) . In some implementations, device#3 may be deployed in a RAN node or core network.
[0291] Optionally, at step 1030, device#1 transmits the second sensing data to device#3. Correspondingly, device#3 receives the second sensing data from device#1.
[0292] In some implementations, interface#1 is between device#1 and device#3. For example, when device#1 is in a RAN node and device#3 is in another RAN node, the interface#1 may be a type of an inter-RAN interface. When device#1 is in a RAN node and device#3 is in a CN node, the interface#1 may be a type of a RAN-CN interface. Device#1 could transmit the second sensing data to the device#3 over interface#1.
[0293] In some implementations, interface#1 may be based on a protocol layer set, and the protocol layer set includes one or more of: a general packet radio service tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) layer, a first quick user datagram protocol internet connection (QUIC) layer, a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group and a first media over QUIC (MoQ) layer.
[0294] For example, interface#1 may be defined between a RAN node and a function (e.g., ISAC-PSF function) in CN; For example, interface#1 may be defined between a RAN node and a gateway in a RAN node or CN; For example, interface#1 may be defined between a RAN node and another RAN node. Detailed implementations will be illustrated in FIGs. 16-22.
[0295] In some cases, hierarchical ISAC-PSFs (e.g., ISAC-PSF entities of ISAC PSF layer, ISAC-PSF network function) can be deployed, e.g., for sensing data collection and processing. Hierarchical ISAC-PSFs can be deployed in one or more of: UE, RAN, CN and DN. As in FIG. 12, ISAC-PSF layer of a RAN node (e.g., comprises the Rx) connects to ISAC-PSF layer of CN network function via a RAN-CN interface, e.g., the RAN-CN interface can be NG interface (e.g., N3, NG-U interface) or other new interfaces (e.g., Nx interface) . ISAC-PSF layer of a RAN node (e.g., comprises the Rx) connects to ISAC-PSF layer of another RAN node via an inter-RAN interface, e.g., the inter-RAN interface can be Xn interface (e.g., Xn-U) or other new interfaces (e.g., Ny interface) . The transport network layer (TNL) of the inter-RAN interface or the RAN-CN interface may comprise one of more of: GPRS tunneling protocol–user plane (GTP-U) layer, quick UDP internet connection (QUIC) , a media over QUIC (MoQ) , a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group. In some cases, ISAC-PSF layer can connect to upper layer (e.g., application layer) via service-based interface (e.g., SBI) or non-SBI interface. In some cases, the inter-RAN interface or the RAN-CN interface is SBI, e.g., based on HTTP2 or HTTP3.
[0296] In some implementations, the interface#1 (e.g., inter-RAN interface, RAN-CN interface) may be connected to the first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) or a second layer (e.g., the SDAP layer or a layer of protocol layer set) . When the interface#1 is connected to the second layer, the first layer submits the second sensing data to the second layer, which can refer to description in case 2. Then the second layer transmits the second sensing data to device#3 over interface#1.
[0297] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of sensing data transmission path according to some implementations of this application.
[0298] FIG. 13 illustrates the procedure for ISAC data collection and processing via ISAC PHY-L channel and ISAC PHY-H channel. The details procedures are as follow:
[0299] 1. Sensing signals (e.g., physical reference signals) are transmitted by PHY layer of Tx (Tx-PHY) over the air. Before sending the sensing signals, Tx may process raw data to get the sensing signals, e.g., by ISAC-PSF layer of Tx (Tx-ISAC-PSF) . The sensing signals may be passed to PHY-H layer via MAC layer, and MAC layer performs resource scheduling, e.g., between communication resource and sensing resource.
[0300] The sensing signals are reflected by a Sensing Object to a Rx. The sensing signals reflected by the Sensing Object is termed as sensing reflected signals.
[0301] 2. PHY-L layer of Rx (Rx-PHY-L) receives the sensing reflected signals (comprises in first sensing data as an example) . Rx-PHY-L sends the sensing reflected signals to ISAC-PSF layer via a PHY-L channel (as an example of a first channel) .
[0302] 3. ISAC-PSF layer maps the sensing reflected signals from PHY-L channels or processed sensing data to PHY-H channel. The ISAC-PSF layer may perform ISAC data processing (e.g., data compression, Phase analysis, angle analysis, Doppler analysis, privacy protection, data cleaning, point cloud Analysis, point cloud fusion, Mesh reconstruction, semantic segmentation, AI training, and AI inferencing) on the sensing reflected signals to obtain processed sensing data, e.g., as per QoS requirement. ISAC-PSF layer maps the processed sensing data to PHY-H channel.
[0303] 4. ISAC-PSF sends packets (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer packets) comprising processed sensing data (e.g., as the payload of ISAC-PSF layer packet) (comprises in second sensing data as an example) to PHY-H layer via a PHY-H channel. In some cases, the processed sensing data is marked with a PHY-H channel ID identifying a PHY-H channel. In some cases, the PHY-H channel ID is in the header of the packets.
[0304] In some cases, if the ISAC-PSF layer in Step 3 does not perform ISAC data processing, the ISAC-PSF sends packets (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer packets) comprising the sensing reflected signals (e.g., as the payload of ISAC-PSF layer packet) to PHY-H layer in Step 4.
[0305] 5. ISAC PHY-H layer sends the reflected signals or the processed sensing data to upper layers (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, or SDAP layer) . In some cases, one or more of: MAC layer, RLC layer, and PDCP layer, are in transparent mode or not established.
[0306] In some cases, ISAC PHY-H layer sends the reflected signals or the processed sensing data to SDAP layer directly or via other layers (e.g., one or more of: MAC layer, RLC layer, and PDCP layer) .
[0307] If the Rx is on a UE, the SDAP layer may forwards the reflected signals or the processed sensing data to upper layer (e.g., application layer, PDU layer) .
[0308] If the Rx is on a RAN node, the sequential procedures are as follows:
[0309] 6. SDAP layer relays the processed sensing data or the sensing reflected signals to protocol layer (e.g., TNL such as GTP-U and QUIC, a media over QUIC (MoQ) , a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group or HTTP layer) of the CN-RAN interface or inter-RAN interface.
[0310] In some cases, if the SDAP layer is not established, the processed sensing data or the sensing reflected signals may be sent to the protocol layer without going through the SDAP layer.
[0311] 7. The protocol layer (e.g., TNL such as GTP-U and QUIC, a media over QUIC (MoQ) , a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group or HTTP layer) sends the processed sensing data or the sensing reflected signals to a CN function, e.g., via NG-U or Nx interface, or sends the processed sensing data or the sensing reflected signals to another RAN node, e.g., via Xn-U or Ny interface. For example, GTP-U layer maps ISAC QoS flows (or ISAC data session) to GTP-U tunnels, sends the processed sensing data to peer ISAC PSF in CN or another RAN, e.g., via NG-U / Nx or Xn-U / Ny interfaces.
[0312] In some cases, traffic does not go through ISAC-PSF layer on Rx (e.g., RAN-Rx) , e.g., if ISAC data processing on Rx is not needed.
[0313] Referred back to case 4, the second sensing data may be transmitted to another device, and this another device communicates with device#1 over a radio interface (e.g., Uu interface) . For example, device#1 is deployed in a RAN node and device#1 transmits the second sensing data to UE over a radio interface. For another example, device#1 is deployed in UE and device#1 transmits the second sensing data to a RAN node or another UE. This is not limited to this application.
[0314] In some instances, device#1 may feedback the second sensing data to device#2 via a radio interface. For the sake of clarity, device#1 transmitting the second sensing data to device#2 is mainly described as an example in step 1040 illustrated in FIG. 10.
[0315] Optionally, at step 1540, device#1 transmits the second sensing data to device#2. Correspondingly, device#2 receives the second sensing data front device#1.
[0316] Device#1 may transmit the second sensing data over a radio interface in a variety of methods.
[0317] In a first implementation, the first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) of device#1 may transmit the second sensing data through the first channel. In other words, the first layer may use the existed data channel (which carried the first sensing data) to carry the second sensing data. The procedure of re-establishing the channel is simplified.
[0318] In a second implementation, the first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) of device#1 may transmit the second sensing data through a third channel. The third channel is provided by the first part of PHY layer to the first layer. In other words, the third channel can be established to carry the second sensing data.
[0319] Notably, as mentioned in both the first implementation and the second implementation, the second sensing data is carried in a channel (the existed first channel or new third channel) between the first layer and the first part of PHY layer (e.g., PHY-L layer) . The additional connection (e.g., radio bearer) may not be established. These two implementations may be generally referred to as transmitting via light radio protocol stacks over the air hereinafter.
[0320] In a third implementation, the first layer may transmit the second sensing data to device#2 through a radio protocol layer set. For example, the radio protocol set includes one or more of: the SDAP layer, the PDCP layer, the RLC layer, the MAC layer and the PHY layer. The first layer may transmit the second sensing data to device#2 through the SDAP layer, the PDCP layer, the RLC layer, the MAC layer and the PHY layer, which may be referred to as transmitting via full radio protocol stacks over the air hereinafter.
[0321] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of feedback from sensing Rx to Tx according to some implementations of this application.
[0322] Feedback from sensing Rx to Tx on data plane:
[0323] There is possibility that the ISAC-PSF layer in Rx sides needs to transfer ISAC data (i.e., the second sensing data, e.g., processed sensing data (e.g., ISAC processing result) , or the received sensing reflected signal) to Tx side, e.g., for feedback. The ISAC-PSF on Tx side may further process the ISAC data (e.g., ISAC processing result) feedbacked by Rx side.
[0324] FIG. 14 illustrates the procedure for Sensing Rx to feedback ISAC data to Tx. There are two methods for the Rx to transfer the ISAC data to Tx as illustrated by the Dashed line and the solid line, respectively. For the dashed line, full radio protocol stacks over the air are established (e.g., radio bearer, SDAP layer and ISAC-PSF layer) on Rx and Tx sides. For the solid line, light radio protocol stacks (e.g., only ISAC-PSF layer and PHY-L layer for PHY-L channel) over the air are established.
[0325] In some cases, the full radio protocol stacks comprise one or more protocol layers of: ISAC-PSF layer, SDAP layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, and PHY layer (PHY-L layer and PHY-H layer) .
[0326] In some cases, the ISAC-PSF layer may submit the second sensing data to the SDAP layer first (details can refer to description in case 2) , then the second sensing data can be passed through the full radio protocol stacks.
[0327] In some cases, an ISAC session (e.g., ISAC data session, PDU session) comprises the full radio protocol stacks. In some cases, the ISAC session can be used by Rx only for transmitting ISAC data to Tx, or can be used by Rx for both receiving sensing reflected signals from Tx and transmitting ISAC data to Tx. For example, the ISAC session can be an existing ISAC data session used by a Rx to receive sensing reflected signals from Tx, and the ISAC data session continues to be used by the Rx to feedback ISAC data (e.g., sensing reflected signals, or processed sensing data) to Tx. As another example, the ISAC session can be a newly established ISAC data session for a Rx to feedback ISAC data Tx.
[0328] In some cases, the full radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC session) can be used by Rx only for transmitting ISAC data to Tx, or can be used by Rx for both receiving sensing reflected signals from Tx and transmitting ISAC data to Tx. For example, the full radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC session) can be an existing full radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC session) used by a Rx to receive sensing reflected signals from Tx, and the full radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC session) continues to be used by the Rx to feedback ISAC data (e.g., sensing reflected signals, or processed sensing data) to Tx. As another example, the full radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC session) can be a newly established full radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC session) for a Rx to feedback ISAC data Tx.
[0329] In some cases, there are other layers between the ISAC-PSF layer and full radio protocol stacks (e.g., between the ISAC-PSF layer and SDAP layer) , e.g., one or more of: TCP layer, UDP layer, QUIC layer, a media over QUIC (MoQ) , a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group, NAS layer, and IP layer.
[0330] In some cases, the light radio protocol stacks comprise one or more protocol layers of: ISAC-PSF layer and PHY-L layer.
[0331] In some cases, an ISAC channel (e.g., PHY-L channel) comprises the light radio protocol stacks.
[0332] In some cases, the light radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC channel) can be used by Rx only for transmitting ISAC data to Tx, or can be used by Rx for both receiving sensing reflected signals from Tx and transmitting ISAC data to Tx. For example, the light radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC channel) can be an existing light radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC channel) used by a Rx to receive sensing reflected signals from Tx, and the light radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC channel) continues to be used by the Rx to feedback ISAC data (e.g., sensing reflected signals, or processed sensing data) to Tx. As another example, the light radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC channel) can be a newly established light radio protocol stacks (e.g., ISAC channel) for a Rx to feedback ISAC data Tx.
[0333] For example, the detailed procedures for transmitting ISAC data for Rx to Tx (e.g., for feedback) via full radio protocol stacks over the air are as follows:
[0334] 1. ISAC-PSF layer of Rx receives sensing reflected signals via ISAC channel, e.g., from Rx-PHY (or MAC) layer (although not illustrated) ; or,
[0335] ISAC-PSF layer of Rx receives sensing reflected signals via ISAC radio bearer, e.g., from SDAP layer, or Rx-PHY (or MAC) layer (although not illustrated) ; or,
[0336] ISAC-PSF layer of Rx receives sensing reflected signals via ISAC PHY-L channel, e.g., from Rx-PHY-L layer (as illustrated in step 910 in FIG. 9) .
[0337] In some cases, the ISAC-PSF layer may perform ISAC data processing (e.g., data compression, Phase analysis, angle analysis, Doppler analysis, privacy protection, data cleaning, point cloud Analysis, point cloud fusion, Mesh reconstruction, semantic segmentation, AI training, and AI inferencing) on the sensing reflected signals to obtain processed sensing data, e.g., as per QoS requirement.
[0338] 2. ISAC-PSF layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to SDAP layer (e.g., through PHY-H layer) . In some cases, the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data is marked with one or more of: a data session ID (DSID) identifying an ISAC data session, a QoS flow ID (QFI) identifying a QoS flow, and an Indication on uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) .
[0339] For example, ISAC-PSF layer maps the sensing reflected signals or processed sensing data to a ISAC data session (the ISAC data session can be the same previous ISAC data session receiving sensing signal, or a new ISAC data session) or a QoS flow.
[0340] 3. In some cases, the SDAP layer is not established, the ISAC-PSF layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to a layer (e.g., a PDCP layer) connected to the ISAC-PSF layer (although not illustrated) .
[0341] The SDAP layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to a radio bearer (e.g., to PDCP layer) . For example, SDAP maps ISAC data session or QoS flow to one or more radio bearers (i.e., PDCP layer) . Then the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data of Rx side is sent (e.g., for feedback) to ISAC-PSF layer of Tx side via the one or more radio bearers.
[0342] In some cases, PDCP layer of a radio bearer can perform ciphering and integrity protection to protect the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data.
[0343] Via the full radio protocol stacks to transmit sensing data from Rx to Tx (e.g., for feedback) , the security and privacy (e.g., via ciphering and integrity protection) of sensing data (e.g., the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data) can be guaranteed. However, transmission delay is high, e.g., because the processing load and latency of more protocol layers is high.
[0344] For example, the detailed procedures for transmitting ISAC data for Rx to Tx (e.g., for feedback) via light radio protocol stacks over the air are as follows:
[0345] 1. ISAC-PSF layer of Rx receives sensing reflected signals via ISAC channel, e.g., from Rx-PHY (or MAC) layer (although not illustrated) ; or,
[0346] ISAC-PSF layer of Rx receives sensing reflected signals via ISAC radio bearer, e.g., from SDAP layer, or Rx-PHY (or MAC) layer (although not illustrated) ; or,
[0347] ISAC-PSF layer of Rx receives sensing reflected signals via ISAC PHY-L channel, e.g., from Rx-PHY-L layer (as illustrated in step 910 in FIG. 9) .
[0348] In some cases, the ISAC-PSF layer may perform ISAC data processing (e.g., data compression, Phase analysis, angle analysis, Doppler analysis, privacy protection, data cleaning, point cloud Analysis, point cloud fusion, Mesh reconstruction, semantic segmentation, AI training, and AI inferencing) on the sensing reflected signals to obtain processed sensing data, e.g., as per QoS requirement.
[0349] 2. ISAC-PSF layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to SDAP layer. In some cases, the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data is marked with one or more of: a data session ID (DSID) identifying an ISAC data session, a QoS flow ID (QFI) identifying a QoS flow, and an Indication on uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) .
[0350] For example, ISAC-PSF layer maps the sensing reflected signals or processed sensing data to a ISAC data session or a QoS flow.
[0351] In some cases, the SDAP layer is not established, the ISAC-PSF layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to a layer (e.g., a PDCP layer) connected to the ISAC-PSF layer.
[0352] In some cases, there is one or more layers (e.g., SDAP layer, or a PDCP layer) established between the ISAC-PSF layer and PHY layer, then goes to Step 3 from Step 2.
[0353] In some cases, there is no protocol layer established between the ISAC-PSF layer and PHY layer, then Step 2 is skipped, and goes to Step 3 directly (as illustrated in FIG. 14) .
[0354] 3. ISAC-PSF layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to PHY layer (or PHY-L layer) via an ISAC channel (or via a PHY-L channel) (e.g., the ISAC channel can be the same previous ISAC channel receiving sensing signal, or a new ISAC channel) .
[0355] In some cases, the ISAC-PSF layer sends the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to PHY layer via MAC layer.
[0356] For example, the ISAC-PSF layer maps the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data to one or more ISAC channels (or one or more PHY-L channels) . Then the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data of Rx side is sent (e.g., for feedback) to ISAC-PSF layer of Tx side via the one or more ISAC channels (or one or more PHY-L channels) .
[0357] Via the light radio protocol stacks to transmit sensing data from Rx to Tx (e.g., for feedback) , the Ciphering and integrity protection are not performed on the sensing data (e.g., the sensing reflected signals or the processed sensing data) , unless they can be performed by PHY layer. However, transmission delay is low, e.g., because the processing load and latency of fewer protocol layers is low.
[0358] In some cases, the SDAP layer in FIG. 14 can be replaced by other protocol layers, e.g., RRC layer on control plane. Correspondingly, in some cases, ISAC data session on data plane can be replaced by ISAC C / M plane session on control plane.
[0359] In some implementations, the first layer may determine whether it is case 1, case 2, case 3 or case 4. When the first layer determines it is case 1, the first layer may terminate the transmission procedure. When the first layer determines it is case 2, the first layer may submit the second sensing data to PHY-H layer and then the PHY-H layer may further transmit the second sensing data to a higher layer. When the first layer determines it is case 3, the first layer may submit the second sensing data to PHY-H layer, then the PHY-H layer may further transmit the second sensing data to a higher layer, and then the higher layer transmits the second sensing data over interface#1. When the first layer determines it is case 4, the first layer may further determine whether method 1 or method 2 (as illustrated in FIG. 9) is used. When the first layer determines that method 1 is used, the first layer transmits the second sensing data to the PHY-L layer, and then the PHY-L layer can transmit the second sensing data over a radio interface. When the first layer determines that method 2 is used, the first layer may submit the second sensing data to PHY-H layer, then the PHY-H layer may further transmit the second sensing data to a higher layer, and then the higher layer transmits the second sensing data over radio interface through full radio stacks.
[0360] In some implementations, the first layers may determine whether it is case 4 or not. When the first layer determines that it is not case 4, the first layer submits the second sensing data to the SDAP layer (through or not through the PHY-H layer, MAC layer, RLC layer and PDCP layer) . The SDAP layer determines whether it is case 1, case 2, or case 3. When the SDAP layer determines it is case 1, the second sensing data is terminated in the SDAP layer. When the SDAP layer determines it is case 2, the SDAP layer transmits the second sensing data to device#3. When the SDAP layer determine it is case 4, the SDAP layer transmits the second sensing data over a radio interface (as illustrated in FIG. 14) . When the first layer determines it is case 4, the first layer may further determine whether method 1 or method 2 (as illustrated in FIG. 9) is used.
[0361] In some implementations, the first layer may submit the second sensing data to the SDAP layer (through or not through the PHY-H layer, MAC layer, RLC layer and PDCP layer) without a determination. The SDAP may determine whether it is case 1, case 2, case 3 or case 4. Notably, in these implementations, the method 1 (if case 4) may be not applied unless specifically indicated.
[0362] Notably, the first layer (or SDAP layer) may determine the transmission case (e.g., case 1, case 2, case 3 or case 4) in a variety of ways. For example, the first layer (or SDAP layer) may determine the transmission case based on a type of the first sensing data (or second sensing data) . Exemplary, the first sensing data is a type of uplink sensing signals (as illustrated in FIG. 8 when sensing Tx is deployed in UE and sensing Rx is deployed in a RAN node) , the first layer may determine the transmission case may be the case 1, case 2, or case 3. Exemplary, the first sensing data is a type of downlink sensing signals (as illustrated in FIG. 8 when sensing Tx is deployed in a RAN node and sensing Rx is deployed in UE) , the first layer may determine the transmission case may be the case 4. For another example, the first layer (or SDAP layer) may determine the transmission case based on an explicitly indication, an indication of device#3, etc. This is not limited to this application.
[0363] As aforementioned, each layer involved in the sensing data transmission could perform based on related parameters, for example, an identifier of first channel, an identifier of second channel, mapping between the first channel and the second channel, parameters related to the transmission case, and etc. Any one or more of these related parameters may be signaled by network dynamically, e.g. in physical layer control signaling such as DCI, or semi-statically, e.g. in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in the medium access control (MAC) layer; or be signaled by core network, e.g., in a non-access stratum message (NAS) message, a message on interface#1; or a message defined for a ISAC (or sensing) service; or be predefined based on the application scenario; or be determined by device#1 (or apparatus deployed in device#1) as a function of other parameters that are known by device#1 (or apparatus deployed in device#1) ; or may be fixed, e.g. by a standard; or a combination thereof. This is not limited to this application. If the part or all of the related parameters is signaled by the network, before steps illustrated in FIG. 9, the method may further include a step illustrated in FIG. 15.
[0364] FIG. 15 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method according to implementations of this application.
[0365] At step 1510, device#1 receives configuration information from device#4. Correspondingly, device#4 transmits the configuration information to device#1.
[0366] Device#4 may be various types of devices, for example, a RAN node or an apparatus deployed in a RAN node. In some implementations, device#4 and device#2 may be the same device; or device#4 and device#3 may be the same device; or device#4 and device#1 may be different devices (units) deployed in the same RAN node; or device#4 is deployed in another RAN node. This is not limited to this application.
[0367] Notably, the configuration information may be carried in one or more messages, this is dependent on application scenario. The message 1 and message 2 (which jointly carry the configuration information) illustrated in FIG. 16 are only for illustrative purposes.
[0368] In FIG. 15, device#1 (e.g., ISAC Rx) and device#4 (e.g., Tx or another device) can be respectively in RAN function 1 and RAN function 2 (aUE) . For example, device#4 (e.g., Tx or another device) is in RAN function 1, and device#1 (e.g., Rx) is in RAN function 2 (or a UE) , or device#1 (e.g., Rx) is in RAN function 1, and device#4 (e.g., Tx) is in RAN function 2 (aUE) . In some cases, RAN function 1 and RAN function 2 are two different components of a RAN node. In some cases, RAN function 1 and RAN function 2 are two different splitted RAN nodes, e.g., RAN function 1 is a xNB central unit (e.g., CU) and RAN function2 is a xNB distributed unit (DU) , or RAN function 1 is a xNB DU and RAN function 2 is a xNB CU, or both RAN function 1 and RAN function 2 is DU or CU. In some cases, RAN function 1 and RAN function 2 are two different integrated RAN nodes, e.g., RAN function 1 is a base station and RAN function 2 is another base station. In some cases, device#4 is in core network.
[0369] The configuration information indicates a variety of parameters related to the transmission and / or process of the sensing data. For example, the configuration information may include one or more of: first layer (e.g., ISAC-PSF layer) configuration, PHY-L layer configuration, PHY-H layer configuration, SDAP layer or TNL configuration, each third layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) configuration.
[0370] In some implementations, when ISAC-PSF layer is a middle layer of PHY-L layer and PHY-H layer (e.g., as in FIGs 10-14) , device#4 (e.g., RAN function 1) sends a message (e.g., message 1 as in FIG. 15) to device#1 (e.g., RAN function 2 or a device (e.g., a UE) ) to configure ISAC service, e.g., to configure the ISAC-PSF layer. The configuration information (e.g., message 1) includes first layer configuration (e.g., ISAC-PSF configuration) .
[0371] The ISAC-PSF configuration may include one or more of: an PHY-H channel ID (second channel ID) identifying a PHY-H channel (second channel) , PHY-L channel ID (first channel ID) identifying a PHY-L channel (first channel) , and mapping between the PHY-L channel ID (first channel ID) and the PHY-H channel ID (second channel ID) . The mapping (first mapping relationship) between the PHY-L channel ID (first channel ID) and the PHY-H channel ID (second channel ID) indicates the mapping between the PHY-L channel (first channel) identified by the PHY-L channel ID (first channel ID) and the PHY-H channel (second channel) identified by the PHY-H channel ID (second channel ID) .
[0372] In some implementations, the ISAC-PSF configuration may include an indication that is used to determine the second apparatus (to which the second sensing data is transmitted) , so that the ISAC-PSF may determine to transmit the second sensing data to the PHY-L layer or the PHY-H layer based on the indication. As aforementioned, the indication may be an explicitly indication or implicitly indication. This is not limited to this application.
[0373] Notably, the ISAC-PSF configuration can be designed based on application scenario, for example, the ISAC-PSF layer configuration may further include one or more parameters that used to process the first sensing data. This is not limited to this application.
[0374] In some implementations, the configuration information may include PHY-L configuration. For example, the PHY-L configuration may indicate an identifier of first channel (e.g., PHY-L channel ID) . For example, the PHY-L configuration may include an indication that indicates the PHY-L layer to submit a sensing type of data to the ISAC-PSF layer. This is not limited to this application.
[0375] In some implementations, the configuration information may include each third layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) configuration.
[0376] For example, besides the ISAC-PSF configuration, the configuration information (e.g., message 1 illustrated in FIG. 15) may further include one or more of: an Indication on transparent mode of PDCP layer to indicate that PDCP layer is to work in transparent mode, an Indication on transparent mode of RLC layer to indicate that RLC layer is to work in transparent mode, and an Indication on transparent mode of MAC layer to indicate that the MAC layer is to work in transparent mode.
[0377] Notably, each third layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) configuration may indicate that each third layer is to work in transparent mode when a sensing type of data is submitted to a higher layer. For example, when the sensing type of data is submitted from the PHY-H layer to the SDAP layer, the MAC layer, RLC layer and PDCP layer are indicated to work in a transparent mode. When other types of data are submitted from the PHY-H layer to the SDAP layer, the MAC layer, RLC layer and PDCP layer may work in a default mode unless specifically indicated.
[0378] In some implementations, the configuration information may include SDAP configuration.
[0379] For example, besides the ISAC-PSF configuration, the configuration information (e.g., message 1 illustrated in FIG. 15) may further include SDAP configuration. The SDAP configuration may include one or more of: an Indication on uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) , an ISAC data session ID identifying an ISAC data session, a QoS flow identifying a QoS flow ID, an ISAC radio bearer ID (e.g., DRB ID) identifying an ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) , mapping between the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID (e.g., DRB ID) , and mapping between the QoS flow ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID. The mapping between the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID indicates the mapping between the ISAC data session identified by the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) identified by the ISAC radio bearer ID (e.g., DRB ID) . The mapping between the QoS flow ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID indicates the mapping between the QoS flow identified by the QoS flow ID and the ISAC radio bearer identified by the ISAC channel ID.
[0380] In some implementations, the SDAP configuration may include an indication that is used to determine the second apparatus (to which the second sensing data is transmitted) , so that the SDAP may determine to transmit the second sensing data to which layer or over which interface based on the indication. As aforementioned, the indication may be an explicitly indication or implicitly indication. This is not limited to this application.
[0381] As aforementioned, when the second sensing data is to be transmitted over a radio interface case 4, the second sensing data may be transmitted from a higher layer to a lower layer.
[0382] In some implementations, the configuration information may include an indication (illustrated as included in message 2 in FIG. 15) that indicates the light protocol stack (e.g., method 1 in case 4) or full protocol stack (e.g., method 2 in case 4) when the second sensing data is transmitted over a radio interface (i.e., case 4) . In some implementations, the ISAC-PSF configuration may include an indication (illustrated as included in message 2 in FIG. 15) that indicates the first layer to use an existing protocol stack (which the first sensing data passed through) .
[0383] For example, the message 2 is for the configuration of full protocol stacks or light protocol stacks for the ISAC data feedback from Rx to Tx (as in FIG. 14) . The message 2 includes one or more of: an Indication to transmit ISAC data (i.e., the second sensing data) for Rx to Tx via full protocol stack, an Indication to transmit ISAC data for Rx to Tx via light protocol stack, an Indication on using existing protocol stack (e.g., full protocol stack or light protocol stack, which is originally used by Rx to receive sensing reflected data from Tx) for the Rx to transmit ISAC data to Tx, configuration on the full protocol stack, and configuration on the light protocol stack.
[0384] The configuration on the light protocol stack may include may include one or more of: an ISAC data session ID identifying an ISAC data session, a QoS flow identifying a QoS flow ID, an ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) identifying an ISAC channel (or PHY-L channel) , mapping between the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) , and mapping between the QoS flow ID and the ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) . The mapping between the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) indicates the mapping between the ISAC data session identified by the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC channel (or PHY-L channel) identified by the ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) . The mapping between the QoS flow ID and the ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) indicates the mapping between the QoS flow identified by the QoS flow ID and the ISAC channel (or PHY-L channel) identified by the ISAC channel ID (or PHY-L channel ID) .
[0385] The configuration on the full protocol stack may include one or more of: ISAC-PSF configuration, and SDAP configuration. The ISAC-PSF configuration includes one or more of: an ISAC data session ID identifying an ISAC data session, and a QoS flow ID identifying a QoS flow. The SDAP configuration includes one or more of: an ISAC data session ID identifying an ISAC data session, a QoS flow identifying a QoS flow ID, an ISAC radio bearer ID identifying an ISAC radio bearer, mapping between the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID, and mapping between the QoS flow ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID. The mapping between the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID indicates the mapping between the ISAC data session identified by the ISAC data session ID and the ISAC radio bearer identified by the ISAC radio bearer ID. The mapping between the QoS flow ID and the ISAC radio bearer ID indicates the mapping between the QoS flow identified by the QoS flow ID and the ISAC radio bearer identified by the ISAC channel ID.
[0386] The message 2 for the configuration of full protocol stacks may further includes radio bearer configuration. The radio bearer configuration includes one or more of: PDCP configuration, RLC configuration, MAC configuration, and PHY configuration.
[0387] FIG. 15 illustrates configuration parameters to ISAC-PSF layer when it is deployed on data plane. The messages 1 is for ISAC-PSF layer as a middle layer of PHY-L layer and PHY-H layer (as in FIGs. 10-13) . The message 2 is for the configuration of full protocol stacks or light protocol stacks for the ISAC data feedback from Rx to Tx (as in FIG. 14) .
[0388] Device#4 may send a message (e.g., messages 1 and / or 2) to device#1 to configure ISAC service, e.g., to configure ISAC-PSF layer, and the SDAP layer or TNL layer (e.g., GTP-U layer) . In some cases, the message is an RRC message, or NAS message, or a message defined for an ISAC service, or a message on inter-RAN interface (e.g., Xn interface, Ny interface) . For example, for RAN function 1 and a UE, the message is an RRC message or a NAS message or a message defined for an ISAC service. For RAN function 1 and RAN function 2, the message is a message on inter-RAN interface, e.g., an ISAC configuration message. In some cases, the configuration on ISAC between RAN function 1 and RAN function 2 can be also relayed / controlled by intermediate function (e.g., AMF+, C / M-TW-GW) .
[0389] Notably, the message 1 and message 2 are only for illustrative purposes. The configuration information may be carried in one or more messages, this is dependent on application scenario.
[0390] Notably, the configuration information may be transmitted to one or more units in device#1. For example, the PHY-L layer, ISAC-PSF layer, PHY-H layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and SDAP layer may be deployed in different units, so that the configuration information may be transmitted to these units. In some implementations, configuration information transmitted to each unit may include the corresponding parameters of each unit. This is not limited to this application.
[0391] As aforementioned, ISAC-PSF layer (or function) may be deployed in UE, RAN and / or CN, and one or more interfaces may be designed between the RAN and CN, or RAN and RAN. For illustrative purposes, some implementations of the ISAC network architecture are detailed in combination with FIGs. 16-22.
[0392] FIG. 16 illustrates the ISAC network architecture according to some implementations of this application. The network may deploy either or both of: ISAC task control function (ISAC-TCF) on control plane, and ISAC data processing service function (ISAC-PSF) on data plane, to provide ISAC service. Hierarchical ISAC functions are deployed in CN, RAN, UE, and DN. Either or both of: ISAC-TCF on control plane and ISAC-PSF on data plane are deployed in CN. Either or both of:ISAC-TCF on control plane and ISAC-PSF on data plane are deployed in RAN. Either or both of: ISAC-TCF on control plane and ISAC-PSF on data plane are deployed in UE. Either or both of: ISAC-TCF on control plane and ISAC-PSF on data plane are deployed in DN.
[0393] ISAC functions can be deployed in hierarchical framework, e.g., with distributed or central manner in device, RAN, CN and DN. In the figure, it does not rule out the possibility that other network functions in FIG. 16 are deployed with other ways (e.g., evolutionary way) , e.g., the C / M-TW-GW is deployed as SCP+, and the Data-TW-GW is deployed as UPF+. On data plane, different ISAC-PSFs in the same or different network domains can be connected directly (e.g., in mesh topology) or indirectly (e.g., via Data-TW-GW) . ISAC-TCFs control and configure ISAC-PSFs to perform in-network ISAC data processing.
[0394] The ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-PSF) on data plane in RAN can connect to the ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-PSF) on data plane in CN via NG-U interfaces, e.g., via intermediate function (e.g., Data-TW-GW or UPF+) , or directly connect without being via intermediate functions, e.g., via Nx-U interface. The ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-TCF) on control plane in RAN can connect to the ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-TCF) on control plane in CN via NG-C interfaces via intermediate functions (e.g., C / M-TW-GW, AMF+ or SCP+) , or directly connect without being via intermediate functions, e.g., via Nx-C interface (although not illustrated) .
[0395] Although not illustrated, the ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-PSF) on data plane in RAN can connect to the ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-PSF) on data plane in another RAN via Xn-U interfaces, e.g., via intermediate function (e.g., Data-TW-GW or UPF+) , or directly connect without being via intermediate functions, e.g., via Ny-U interface. The ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-TCF) on control plane in RAN can connect to the ISAC functions (e.g., ISAC-TCF) on control plane in another RAN via Xn-C interfaces via intermediate functions (e.g., C / M-TW-GW, AMF+ or SCP+) , or directly connect without being via intermediate functions, e.g., via Ny-C interface.
[0396] In some cases, the ISAC-PSF in CN, RAN, UE or DN can be implemented as an ISAC-PSF protocol layer.
[0397] In some cases, the ISAC-TCF in CN, RAN, UE or DN can be implemented as an ISAC-TCF protocol layer.
[0398] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a protocol layer of a UE.
[0399] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a protocol layer of a RAN node. The RAN node can be a static node or a mobile node (e.g., supported by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ) . In some cases, the RAN node is a Base Station (e.g., a gNB, a xNB) . In some cases, the RAN node is an ISAC-PSF network function which is a standalone network function deployed in RAN, e.g., different from Base Station. The ISAC-PSF network function in RAN is dedicatedly deployed to provide ISAC service, e.g., to provide processing on ISAC data.
[0400] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a protocol layer of a CN network function. In some cases, the CN network function is an ISAC-PSF network function which is a standalone network function newly deployed in CN. The ISAC-PSF network function in CN is dedicatedly deployed to provide ISAC service, e.g., to provide processing on ISAC data. In some cases, the CN network function is other network functions on data plane or control plane, e.g., Data-TW-GW / UPF+, NWDAF+.
[0401] In some cases, as in FIG. 17, ISAC-PSF is on control plane. FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic diagram of ISAC-PSF on control plane according to implementations of this application.
[0402] For example, ISAC-PSF can be deployed in hierarchical framework, e.g., with distributed or central manner in device, RAN, CN and DN. It does not rule out the possibility that other network functions in FIG. 17 are deployed with other ways (e.g., evolutionary way) , e.g., the C / M-TW-GW is deployed as SCP+, and the Data-TW-GW is deployed as UPF+. Different ISAC-PSFs in the same or different network domains can be connected directly (e.g., in mesh topology) or indirectly (e.g., via C / M-TW-GW) .
[0403] ISAC-PSF on control plane in RAN can connect to the ISAC-PSF on control plane in CN via NG-C interfaces, e.g., via intermediate function (e.g., C / M-TW-GW, AMF+, or SCP+) , or directly connect without being via intermediate functions, e.g., via Nx-C interface.
[0404] Although not illustrated, the ISAC-PSF on control plane in RAN can connect to ISAC-PSF on control plane in another RAN via Xn-C interfaces, e.g., via intermediate function (e.g., C / M-TW-GW, AMF+, or SCP+) , or directly connect without being via intermediate functions, e.g., via Ny-C interface.
[0405] In some cases, the ISAC-PSF in CN, RAN, UE or DN can be implemented as an ISAC-PSF protocol layer of control plane.
[0406] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a control plane protocol layer of a UE.
[0407] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a control plane protocol layer of a RAN node. The RAN node can be a static node or a mobile node (e.g., supported by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ) . In some cases, the RAN node is a Base Station (e.g., a gNB, a xNB) . In some cases, the RAN node is an ISAC-PSF network function which is a standalone network function deployed in RAN, e.g., different from Base Station. The ISAC-PSF network function in RAN is dedicatedly deployed to provide ISAC service, e.g., to provide processing on ISAC data.
[0408] For example, ISAC-PSF layer is deployed as a control plane protocol layer of a CN network function. In some cases, the CN network function is an ISAC-PSF network function which is a standalone network function newly deployed in CN. The ISAC-PSF network function in CN is dedicatedly deployed to provide ISAC service, e.g., to provide processing on ISAC data. In some cases, the CN network function is other network functions on data plane or control plane, e.g., Data-TW-GW / UPF+, NWDAF+.
[0409] FIG. 18 illustrates integrated RAN architecture for XaaS services according to some implementations of this application, e.g., AI service, ISAC service, data service, and digital world service. The network deploys either or both of: XaaS task control function (X-TCF) on control plane, and XaaS data processing service function (X-PSF) on data plane, to provide XaaS service. X-TCF controls and configures X-PSF to perform in-network data processing. Hierarchical XaaS service functions (e.g., X-TCF, X-PSF) are deployed in CN, RAN, UE (although not illustrated) , and DN (although not illustrated) . For example, for ISAC service, the X-PSF is ISAC-PSF, and the X-TCF is ISAC-TCF.
[0410] XaaS service functions in RAN are connected via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, different X-TCFs connect to each other via C / M-TW-GW. For example, different X-PSFs connect to each other via data-TW-GW.
[0411] Although not illustrated, XaaS service functions in RAN may be connected to RAN base station (e.g., gNB, x node base station (xNB) ) via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, X-TCF connects to RAN base station via C / M-TW-GW on control plane. For example, X-PSF connects to RAN base station via data-TW-GW on data plane.
[0412] XaaS service functions in RAN are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, X-TCF in RAN connects to X-TCF in CN via C / M-TW-GW (e.g., via C / M-TW-GW of RAN and C / M-TW-GW of CN) on control plane. For example, X-PSF in RAN connects to X-PSF in CN via Data-TW-GW (e.g., via Data-TW-GW of RAN and Data-TW-GW of CN) on data plane.
[0413] RAN base station (e.g., gNB, xNB) in RAN are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, xNB in RAN connects to X-TCF in CN via C / M-TW-GW (e.g., via C / M-TW-GW of RAN and C / M-TW-GW of CN) on control plane. For example, xNB in RAN connects to X-PSF in CN via Data-TW-GW (e.g., via Data-TW-GW of RAN and Data-TW-GW of CN) on data plane.
[0414] C / M-TW-GW in RAN connects to C / M-TW-GW in CN via Nx-C interface on control plane.
[0415] Data-TW-GW in RAN connects to Data-TW-GW in CN via Nx-U interface on data plane.
[0416] In some cases, the C / M-TW-GW of RAN and / or Data-TW-GW of RAN connects to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN directly (not illustrated in FIG. 18) without going through C / M-TW-GW of CN or Data-TW-GW of CN.
[0417] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC data session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) and RAN base station (e.g., gNB, xNB) , e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) , Data-TW-GW, and RAN base station.
[0418] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC C / M session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., SRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) and RAN base station (e.g., gNB, xNB) , e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) , C / M-TW-GW, and RAN base station.
[0419] FIG. 19 illustrates split RAN architecture for XaaS services according to implementations of this application, e.g., AI service, ISAC service, data service, and digital world service. The network deploys either or both of: XaaS task control function (X-TCF) on control plane, and XaaS data processing service function (X-PSF) on data plane, to provide XaaS service. X-TCF controls and configures X-PSF to perform in-network data processing. Hierarchical XaaS service functions (e.g., X-TCF, X-PSF) are deployed in CN, RAN, UE, and DN. For example, for ISAC service, the X-PSF is ISAC-PSF, and the X-TCF is ISAC-TCF.
[0420] The RAN base station may be deployed with split architecture. The RAN base station comprises central unit (CU) , distributed unit (DU) , and remote unit or termed as radio unit (RU) . Refer to 3GPP TS 38.401, TS 38.473 and TS 38.300 for the details of CU and DU. The CU and DU are connected via F1-C interface on control plane and via F1-U interface on data plane. The DU and RU is connected via F2 interface. The F2 interface is a standardized interface (e.g., by 3GPP) or not. For example, F2 interface is a fronthaul interface, e.g., with Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) protocol, or Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) protocol. For example, for lower layer split (LLS) , PHY Lower (PHY-L) layer is deployed in RU, and PHY higher (PHY-H) layer is deployed in DU. For example, the F2 is defined referring to open RAN (O-RAN) techniques and specs (e.g., 3GPP document RP-192259, RP-193193, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TS 103 859) .
[0421] In some cases, CU connects to C / M-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0422] In some cases, DU connects to C / M-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0423] In some cases, RU connects to C / M-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0424] In some cases, XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN connects to C / M-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0425] In some cases, CU connects to Data-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0426] In some cases, DU connects to Data-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0427] In some cases, RU connects to Data-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0428] In some cases, XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN connects to Data-TW-GW in RAN via an interface.
[0429] One or more of: CU, DU and RU, are connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF, ISAC-TCF) in RAN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and / or Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, CU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF, ISAC-TCF) via an interface between CU and Data-TW-GW (or C / M-TW-GW) and another interface between XaaS service function and Data-TW-GW (or C / M-TW-GW) . For example, DU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF, ISAC-TCF) via T1-C or T1-U interface and another interface between XaaS service function and Data-TW-GW (or C / M-TW-GW) . For example, RU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF, ISAC-TCF) via an interface between RU and Data-TW-GW (or C / M-TW-GW) and another interface between XaaS service function and Data-TW-GW (or C / M-TW-GW) .
[0430] XaaS service functions in RAN are connected via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, different X-TCFs connect to each other via C / M-TW-GW. For example, different X-PSFs connect to each other via data-TW-GW.
[0431] Although not illustrated, XaaS service functions in RAN are connected to RAN unit (e.g., CU, DU, or DU) via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and / or Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, X-TCF connects to RAN unit (e.g., CU, DU, or DU) via C / M-TW-GW on control plane, e.g., to DU via T1-C interface and C / M-TW-GW, to RU via an interface (not illustrated in the figure) and C / M-TW-GW. For example, X-PSF connects to RAN unit (e.g., CU, DU, or DU) via data-TW-GW on data plane, e.g., to DU via T1-U interface and Data-TW-GW, to RU via an interface (not illustrated in the figure) and Data-TW-GW.
[0432] XaaS service functions in RAN, CU, DU and RU are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane and Data-TW-GW on data plane. For example, X-TCF in RAN, CU, DU or RU connects to X-TCF in CN via C / M-TW-GW (e.g., via C / M-TW-GW of RAN and C / M-TW-GW of CN) on control plane. For example, X-PSF in RAN, CU, DU, or RU connects to X-PSF in CN via Data-TW-GW (e.g., via Data-TW-GW of RAN and Data-TW-GW of CN) on data plane.
[0433] C / M-TW-GW in RAN connects to C / M-TW-GW in CN via Nx-C interface on control plane.
[0434] Data-TW-GW in RAN connects to Data-TW-GW in CN via Nx-U interface on data plane.
[0435] In some cases, the C / M-TW-GW of RAN and / or Data-TW-GW of RAN connects to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN directly (not illustrated in FIG. 19) without going through C / M-TW-GW of CN or Data-TW-GW of CN.
[0436] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC data session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) , Data-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0437] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC C / M session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., SRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) , C / M-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0438] Different form FIG. 19, FIG. 20 illustrates CU as an anchor point of split RAN architecture for XaaS services according to some implementation of this application, e.g., AI service, ISAC service, data service, and digital world service. There is no C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW deployed in RAN.
[0439] In some cases, CU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN via an interface on control plane.
[0440] In some cases, DU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN via an interface (e.g., T1-C) on control plane.
[0441] In some cases, RU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN via an interface on control plane.
[0442] In some cases, CU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN via an interface on data plane.
[0443] In some cases, DU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN via an interface (e.g., T1-U) on data plane.
[0444] In some cases, RU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN via an interface on data plane.
[0445] XaaS service functions in RAN, DU and RU are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via CU. In some cases, the CU connects to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane (e.g., via Nx-C interface) and Data-TW-GW on data plane (e.g., via Nx-U interface) . For example, X-TCF in RAN, DU or RU connects to X-TCF in CN via CU and C / M-TW-GW of CN on control plane. For example, X-PSF in RAN, DU, or RU connects to X-PSF in CN via CU and Data-TW-GW of CN on data plane. In some cases, the CU connects to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN directly (not illustrated in FIG. 20) without going through C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW.
[0446] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC data session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) , Data-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0447] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC C / M session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., SRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) , C / M-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0448] Different form FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, FIG. 21 illustrates that XaaS service function in RAN connects to CN directly via direct interface (e.g., Ny-C, Ny-U) without going through CU according to some implementations of this application. In some cases, CU also has direct interface (e.g., Nx-C, Nx-U) with CN. For example, the traffic of PDU connectivity service is transmitted to / from CN via the interface (e.g., Nx-C, Nx-U) between CN and CU. For example, the traffic of XaaS service (e.g., AI service, ISAC service, data service, and digital world service) for in-network data processing is transmitted to / from CN via the interface (e.g., Ny-C, Ny-U) between XaaS service function and CN. There is no C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW deployed in RAN.
[0449] In some cases, CU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN via an interface on control plane.
[0450] In some cases, DU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN via an interface (e.g., T1-C) on control plane.
[0451] In some cases, RU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN via an interface on control plane.
[0452] In some cases, CU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN via an interface on data plane.
[0453] In some cases, DU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN via an interface (e.g., T1-U) on data plane.
[0454] In some cases, RU connects to XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN via an interface on data plane.
[0455] In some cases, DU and RU are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via CU. In some cases, the CU connects to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane (e.g., via Nx-C interface) and / or Data-TW-GW on data plane (e.g., via Nx-U interface) . For example, DU or RU connects to X-TCF in CN via CU and C / M-TW-GW of CN on control plane. For example, DU, or RU connects to X-PSF in CN via CU and Data-TW-GW of CN on data plane. In some cases, the CU connects to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN directly (not illustrated in FIG. 21) without going through C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW.
[0456] In some cases, XaaS service functions in RAN are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN via C / M-TW-GW on control plane (e.g., via Ny-C interface) and / or Data-TW-GW on data plane (e.g., via Ny-U interface) . For example, X-TCF in RAN connects to X-TCF in CN via C / M-TW-GW of CN on control plane. For example, X-PSF in RAN connects to X-PSF in CN via Data-TW-GW of CN on data plane.
[0457] In some cases, XaaS service functions in RAN are connected to XaaS service function in CN or other NFs in CN directly (e.g., via Nz-C and / or Nz-U interface) . For example, X-TCF in RAN connects to X-TCF in CN directly on control plane. For example, X-PSF in RAN connects to X-PSF in CN directly on data plane.
[0458] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC data session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) , Data-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0459] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC C / M session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., SRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) , C / M-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0460] FIG. 22 illustrates that either or both of: XaaS service function in RAN connects to CN directly via direct interface, and CU connects to CN directly via direct interface. For example, the traffic of PDU connectivity service is transmitted to / from CN via the interface between CN and CU. For example, the traffic of XaaS service (e.g., AI service, ISAC service, data service, and digital world service) for in-network data processing is transmitted to / from CN via the interface between XaaS service function and CN. There is no C / M-TW-GW or Data-TW-GW deployed in RAN.
[0461] In some cases, the interface between XaaS service function in RAN and CN is SBI.
[0462] In some cases, the control plane interface between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF) in RAN and CN is SBI.
[0463] In some cases, the data plane interface between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF) in RAN and CN is SBI.
[0464] In some cases, the interface between CU and CN is SBI.
[0465] In some cases, the control plane interface between CU (e.g., CU-CP) and CN is SBI.
[0466] In some cases, the data plane interface between CU (e.g., CU-UP) and CN is SBI.
[0467] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC data session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., DRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-PSF on data plane) , Data-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0468] In some cases, one or more of: ISAC C / M session, QoS flow, ISAC bearer, ISAC radio bearer (e.g., SRB) , ISAC channel, PHY-L channel, and PHY-H channel, are established between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) and CU, DU, or RU, e.g., via one or more interfaces between XaaS service function (e.g., ISAC-TCF on control plane, ISAC-PSF on control plane) , C / M-TW-GW, CU, DU, and RU.
[0469] In some cases, the one or more of: ISAC-PSF layer, ISAC-PSF network function and ISAC-PSF entity described in this invention is implemented as a functional component on Rx side and / or Tx side.
[0470] This implementation enables sensing data collection, processing and forwarding via data plane and / or control plane, e.g., over the air, between RANs, between RAN and CN.
[0471] This implementation enables a sensing Rx to forward the collected radio ISAC data (e.g., raw sensing reflected signal or processed sensing data (e.g., processing result) ) to CN, to another RAN or to application layer.
[0472] This implementation enables the Sensing Rx to transmit ISAC data (e.g., raw sensing reflected signal or processed sensing data (e.g., processing result) ) to Sensing Tx, e.g., for feedback.
[0473] As aforementioned, at least one implementation of this application is to address at least one of the aforementioned issues in prior art by resolving one or more of the following problems:
[0474] The protocol stacks on UE, RAN node, and CN function to perform sensing data collection, processing and feedback.
[0475] The network functions and architecture of ISAC service in RAN and CN.
[0476] As aforementioned, at least one implementation of this application provides light protocol stacks on data plane or control plane to perform ISAC data collection, processing and sensing data result feedback. Hierarchical ISAC-PSF layer on UE, RAN, and CN can be deployed to perform ISAC data collection and processing on data plane. The ISAC-PSF layer is a middle layer of splitted physical layers. The ISAC-PSF layer can connect to PHY or MAC directly without going through PDCP or RLC or even SDAP layer. The methods to establish light protocol stacks or full protocol stacks for sensing receiver (Rx) to feedback sensing results to sensing transmitter (Tx) on data plane are also provided. Moreover, the configuration information for RAN and UE to establish the light protocol stacks are also provided.
[0477] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0478] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0479] Referring back to FIG. 4, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by device#1 in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the device#1 or a component that can be configured in the device#1.
[0480] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the device#1 in FIGs. 9-22 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the device#1 in FIGs. 9-22. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 9-22.
[0481] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by device#2 in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the device#1 or a component that can be configured in the device#2.
[0482] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the device#2 in FIGs. 9-22 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the device#2 in FIGs. 9-22. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 9-22.
[0483] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by device#3 in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the device#1 or a component that can be configured in the device#3.
[0484] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the device#3 in FIGs. 9-22 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the device#3 in FIGs. 9-22. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 9-22.
[0485] Alternatively, the apparatus 410 may be configured to perform actions performed by device#4 in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the apparatus 410 may be the device#1 or a component that can be configured in the device#4.
[0486] The apparatus 410 may implement steps or procedures performed by the device#4 in FIGs. 9-22 according to embodiments of this application. The apparatus 410 may include units configured to perform the method performed by the device#4 in FIGs. 9-22. In addition, the units in the communication apparatus 410 and the foregoing other operations and / or functions are separately used to implement corresponding procedures in FIGS. 9-22.
[0487] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0488] As aforementioned in FIG. 5, the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed by the apparatus 510.
[0489] In some embodiments, the apparatus 510 may be a UE or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the UE; or the communication apparatus 510 may be a network side (aRAN node or a CN node) or a component (e.g., a chip, a circuit, or a processing system) that can be configured in the network side (aRAN node or a CN node) .
[0490] In a solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by the device#1 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0491] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the device#1 in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the device#1 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0492] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by device #2 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0493] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the network side (network node) in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by device#2 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0494] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by device#3 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0495] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the device#3 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0496] In another solution, the apparatus 510 is configured to perform the operations performed by device#4 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0497] For example, the processor unit 511 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the third device in the foregoing method embodiments, and the communication unit 513 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the device#4 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0498] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by device#1, or the method performed by device#2, or the method performed by device#3, or the method performed by device#4, in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0499] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by device#1, or the method performed by device#2, or the method performed by device#3, or the method performed by device#4 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0500] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by device#1, or the method performed by device#2, or the method performed by device#3, or the method performed by device#4 in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0501] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes device#1 and device#2 in the foregoing embodiments. Optionally, the communication system further includes the device#3 and / or device#4 in the foregoing embodiments.
[0502] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0503] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0504] It should be noted that the term “receive” or “receiving” used herein may refer to receiving or otherwise obtaining from an element / component in same apparatus or from another device separate from the apparatus. Similarly, the term “transmit” or “transmitting” may refer to outputting or sending to / for an element / component in same apparatus or to / for another device separate from the apparatus. For example, any of the methods / procedures described herein may be performed by a chipset, in which case any sending or receiving steps may occur between elements of the chipset.
[0505] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0506] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0507] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0508] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0509] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0510] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0511] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0512] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0513] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of”, “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0514] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0515] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0516] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0517] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0518] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0519] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0520] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0521] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving, by a first layer, first sensing data through a first channel, wherein the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; andprocessing, by the first layer, at least one processing on the first sensing data.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates the first channel.3.The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first sensing data is marked with an identifier of the first channel.4.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first layer is used to perform mapping between the first channel and a second channel, the second channel is used to carry second sensing data, and the second sensing data is based on the first sensing data.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.6.The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the second sensing data is further submitted to a second layer, and the second layer is a service data adaption protocol (SDAP) layer or a layer of a protocol layer set, and the protocol layer set comprises one or more of: a general packet radio service tunnel protocol user plane (GTP-U) layer, a first quick user datagram protocol internet connection (QUIC) layer, a first media over QUIC (MoQ) layer and a layer defined by third generation partnership project (3GPP) group.7.The method according to claim 6, wherein at least one third layer is between a second part of the physical layer and the second layer, and one or more of the at least one third layer are in a transparent mode.8.The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein configuration information further indicates one or more of:the second channel, mapping between the first channel and the second channel, and one or more of at least one third layer are in a transparent mode.9.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting, by the first layer, the second sensing data to first apparatus through the second layer, and the first apparatus is in a first radio access network (RAN) node or a core network (CN) node.10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the first layer is deployed in second apparatus, an interface is between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, the interface is based on the protocol layer set.11.The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the second sensing data comprises an indication filed indicating the second sensing data is uplink (UL) data or downlink (DL) data.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the configuration information further indicates the first sensing data is UL data or downlink data.13.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting, by the first layer, second sensing data to third apparatus through the first channel or a third channel, wherein a radio interface is between the third apparatus and second apparatus, the first layer is deployed in the second apparatus, the third channel is provided by the first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the second sensing data is based on the first sensing data.14.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting, by the first layer, second sensing data to third apparatus through an SDAP layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer and the physical layer, wherein a radio interface is between the third apparatus and second apparatus, the first layer is deployed in the second apparatus, and the second sensing data is based on the first sensing data.15.The method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein configuration information further indicates the first layer to transmit the second sensing data through the first channel, through the third channel, or though an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, a MAC layer and the physical layer.16.The method according to any one of claims 2 to 15, wherein the configuration information is comprised in one or more of: a radio resource control (RRC) message, a non-access stratum (NAS) message, a message on an interface between first apparatus and second apparatus, or a message defined for a sensing service.17.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the at least one processing comprises one or more of:physical sensing signaling processing, sensing data compression, sensing data privacy protection, phase analysis, angle analysis, Doppler analysis, privacy protection, sensing data cleaning, sensing point cloud analysis, sensing point cloud fusion, mesh reconstruction based on sensing data, semantic segmentation on sensing data, artificial intelligence (AI) training on sensing data, AI inferencing on sensing data, and packet header encapsulation.18.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the at least one processing is based on a quality of service (QoS) requirement on a sensing service.19.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 13 to 18, wherein the first layer is deployed in second apparatus comprised in a user equipment (UE) .20.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first layer is deployed in second apparatus comprised in a RAN node, in a centralized unit (CU) , in a distributed unit (DU) , or in a radio unit (RU) .21.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the first layer is integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) layer; a first channel is a first ISAC channel; and / or a second channel is a second ISAC channel.22.A communication method, comprising:generating, by a first layer, sensing data; andtransmitting, by the first layer, the sensing data through a first channel, wherein the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane.23.The method according to claim 1, wherein the generating sensing data, comprises:generating the sensing data bases on data from a second channel, and the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.24.A communication method, comprising:generating configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a first channel, the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to a first layer, the first layer is used to process the sensing data, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; andtransmitting the configuration information.25.The method according to claim 1, wherein the configuration information further indicates one or more of: a second channel and mapping between the first channel and the second channel, wherein the second channel is provided by the first layer to a second part of the physical layer.26.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or 22 to 23, or 24 to 25.27.The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein comprising:receiving unit, configured to first sensing data through a first channel, wherein the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; andperforming unit, configured to perform at least one processing on the first sensing data.28.The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein comprising:generating unit, configured to generate sensing data; andtransmitting unit, configured to transmit the sensing data through a first channel, wherein the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to the first layer, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane.29.The communication apparatus of claim 26, wherein comprising:generating unit, configured to generate configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a first channel, the first channel is provided by a first part of physical layer to a first layer, the first layer is used to process the sensing data, and the first layer is deployed on data plane or user plane; andtransmitting unit, configured to transmit the configuration information.30.The communication apparatus of claim 26, comprising:one or more processors, configured to perform processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or 22 to 23, or 24 to 25;an interface circuit, configure to perform transmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or 22 to 23, or 24 to 25.31.The communication apparatus of claim 30, the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.32.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21, or 22 to 23, or 24 to 25.33.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of claim 22 or 23.34.The communication system according to claim 33, wherein the communication system comprises a third communication apparatus configured to perform the method of claim 24 or 25.35.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21, or 22 to 23, or 24 to 25.36.A computer program product having instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21, or 22 to 23, or 24 to 25.
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