Power line communication method and related apparatus

Abstract

A power line communication method and a related apparatus, which relate to the technical field of communications. The method is applied to a head-end node. The method comprises: acquiring a windowing plan, wherein the windowing plan comprises the number of windows and the start time and duration of a first time window, the windowing plan is obtained on the basis of the number of windows and a windowing start time, the windowing start time comprises a zero-crossing point time of a zero-crossing point of an alternating-current voltage or a first reference time, and the first reference time represents a network time base (NTB) of a head-end node; and sending the windowing plan to a tail-end node, wherein the windowing plan is used by the tail-end node to obtain a coding modulation parameter corresponding to the first time window. The present application can improve the communication efficiency between communication nodes.

Description

Power line communication methods and related devices

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411215831.0, filed with the China National Intellectual Property Administration on August 30, 2024, entitled "Power Line Communication Method and Related Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a power line communication method and related apparatus. Background Technology

[0003] Power line carrier (PLC) communication systems are power communication systems that use power transmission lines (also known as power lines) as the carrier signal transmission medium. Since power transmission lines have become an essential infrastructure for power transmission and consumption in modern society, carrier communication based on existing power transmission lines does not require additional communication cabling costs and also offers advantages such as wide coverage, cost-effectiveness, and reliability. A PLC communication system includes a central coordinator (CCO) and stations (STAs). The CCO acts as the headend node, and the STA acts as the tailend node; bidirectional data transmission can be achieved between the two types of communication nodes.

[0004] Because the load and noise on power lines change in real time, the actual data transmission capacity (i.e., channel capacity) of a power line as a transmission channel also changes in real time. Currently, the changes in load and noise on power lines can be considered as changing according to a certain period (e.g., approximately equal to the power frequency period). Therefore, multiple time windows can be divided within this period, and the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to each time window can be determined. Then, the CCO and STA use the corresponding modulation and coding parameters for data transmission in each time window. This technique is called bit loading technology. Bit loading technology can improve the data transmission efficiency between communication nodes. However, in some scenarios, due to insufficient hardware conditions of the STA, bit loading technology cannot be implemented, resulting in low data transmission efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a power line communication method and related apparatus, which can improve data transmission efficiency.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a power line communication method applied to a headend node. It is understood that this method can be executed by a communication device, which can be a headend node, or a chip (system) or circuit used in the headend node; this application does not limit this. The method includes:

[0007] Obtain the windowing plan, which includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of the first time window. The windowing plan is based on the number of windows and the start time of the windows. The start time of the windows includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or the first reference time. The first reference time represents the network reference time NTB of the head-end node.

[0008] A windowing plan is sent to the tail node. The windowing plan is used by the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0009] The number of windows refers to the number of time windows divided relative to the variation period of a power line channel. This number of windows can be set based on actual needs. The first time window can refer to the first of multiple time windows. Optionally, the first time window can also refer to any one of the multiple time windows.

[0010] In this application, the head node obtains the windowing plan and sends it to the tail node, enabling the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to each time window in the windowing plan. This eliminates the need for the tail node to obtain the windowing plan through detection and calculation, reducing the hardware cost of the tail node. The head node sends the obtained windowing plan to multiple tail nodes within the network, ensuring consistency of the windowing plans across all tail nodes, thereby improving the bit error rate and data transmission efficiency during subsequent data transmission using the windowing plan. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various scenarios, including AC and DC scenarios, and has a wide range of applications. The use of bit loading technology can further improve data transmission efficiency in DC scenarios.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the windowing start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing characteristics, which are used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

[0012] This may correspond to a scenario where the head-end node can detect the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage. This scenario may be an AC scenario, and the head-end node may include a zero-crossing detection circuit. The head-end node uses the zero-crossing detection circuit to detect the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage and obtain the zero-crossing time.

[0013] In this embodiment, when the head-end node can detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point, the zero-crossing time is obtained as the windowing start time. A windowing plan is then derived based on the number of windows, the windowing start time, and the zero-crossing characteristics. This ensures the windowing plan is always up-to-date and guarantees its accuracy. Since the head-end node obtains the windowing plan, the tail-end node does not need to detect and obtain it itself. Therefore, the tail-end node is not required to include a zero-crossing detection circuit, reducing its hardware cost.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the window start time includes a first base time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first base time, and a preset period.

[0015] This may correspond to a scenario where the head-end node cannot detect the AC voltage zero-crossing. This scenario could be either AC or DC. The head-end node may include a zero-crossing detection circuit, but in this scenario, there is no AC voltage at the current time, therefore the AC voltage zero-crossing cannot be detected. Alternatively, the head-end node may not include a zero-crossing detection circuit, therefore the AC voltage zero-crossing cannot be detected.

[0016] The first reference time can be obtained based on the current NTB. The preset period mentioned above can be set based on the actual scenario.

[0017] In this embodiment, when the head-end node cannot detect the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage, the zero-crossing time cannot be obtained. Therefore, a first reference time can be obtained as the windowing start time, and a windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period. Thus, in DC scenarios or scenarios where the head-end node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit, a windowing plan can still be obtained without relying on the AC signal. Subsequently, this windowing plan can be used to implement bit loading technology, improving data transmission efficiency in these scenarios. Furthermore, since the head-end node can obtain the windowing plan, the tail-end node does not need to detect and obtain the windowing plan itself. Therefore, the hardware requirements for the tail-end node are low, reducing costs and broadening the applicability of the scenarios.

[0018] In one possible implementation, when the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point is obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing characteristics. The zero-crossing characteristics are used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

[0019] If the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage is not obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and the preset period.

[0020] In this embodiment, if the head-end node can sometimes obtain the AC voltage zero-crossing point and sometimes cannot obtain it in an AC scenario, the head-end node can obtain a windowing plan in an appropriate manner based on the current situation, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the windowing plan. The windowing plan obtained by the head-end node is matched with the actual scenario, and the subsequent transmission of the windowing plan to the tail-end node in the PLC network can ensure the time consistency of the windowing plan and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0021] In one possible implementation, before sending the windowing plan to the tail node, the following is also included:

[0022] Receive the first information, which indicates that the tail node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit.

[0023] In this embodiment, the tail node sends first information to the head node, which enables the head node to know the hardware status of the tail node, thereby ensuring that the head node can actively obtain the windowing plan and send it to the tail node, realizing bit loading technology and improving data transmission efficiency.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the zero-crossing characteristic of the AC voltage zero-crossing point includes any one of the following: zero-crossing period, zero-crossing frequency, or deviation of the zero-crossing period from the power frequency period.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the windowing plan is transmitted via physical layer frames, which include beacon frames or start of frame (SOF) frames.

[0026] In this embodiment, if the head node sends the windowing plan to the tail node via a beacon frame, the windowing plan obtained by each tail node can remain accurate in real time. Furthermore, the windowing plan currently obtained by the head node is always up-to-date. If the windowing plan changes compared to the previously obtained plan, the next beacon frame closest to the current time can be used to notify each tail node to update the windowing plan promptly, thereby improving data transmission reliability. If the head node sends the windowing plan to each tail node via an SOF frame, the windowing plan obtained by each tail node is identical, ensuring that the tail node's windowing plan remains accurate in real time. Using SOF frames to send the windowing plan saves time and resources, improving data transmission efficiency.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the head node includes an active crystal oscillator.

[0028] In this embodiment, the head node can maintain a high-precision NTB based on the active crystal oscillator, thereby maintaining high time accuracy throughout the PLC network and obtaining a high-precision windowing plan. Subsequently, data transmission based on the windowing plan can improve the data transmission efficiency between communication nodes and enhance the reliability of data transmission.

[0029] In one possible implementation, before sending the windowing plan to the tail node, the following is also included:

[0030] Send a second message, which instructs the tail node to synchronize its clock with the head node.

[0031] In this embodiment, a second message is sent before obtaining the windowing plan to instruct the tail node to synchronize the clock. This ensures that the communication nodes in the PLC network maintain the same NTB. As a result, the start time of the first time window in the subsequently obtained windowing plan and the time when the tail node transmits data are based on the same time base. This can guarantee the accuracy of windowing during data transmission, reduce the data transmission error rate, and improve the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0032] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a power line communication method applied to a tail node. It is understood that this method can be executed by a communication device, which can be a tail node, or a chip (system) or circuit used in a tail node; this application does not limit this. The method includes:

[0033] The system receives a windowing plan from the headend node. The windowing plan includes the number of windows, the start time of a first time window, and its duration. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the window start time. The window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time. The first reference time represents the network reference time (NTB) of the headend node. The windowing plan is used by the tailend node to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the windowing start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing characteristics, which are used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the window start time includes the first reference time, and the windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period.

[0036] In one possible implementation, when the head-end node obtains the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, the windowing start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing feature is used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

[0037] If the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage is not obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period.

[0038] In one possible implementation, before receiving the windowing plan from the headend node, the following is also included:

[0039] Send a first message to the head node, the first message indicating that the tail node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit.

[0040] In this embodiment, the head node acquires a windowing plan and sends it to the tail node, enabling the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to each time window in the windowing plan. This eliminates the need for the tail node to calculate and obtain the windowing plan itself, reducing its hardware cost. After the head node sends the windowing plan, it can be received by multiple tail nodes within the network, ensuring consistency across all tail nodes' windowing plans and improving the bit error rate and data transmission efficiency during subsequent data transmission using the windowing plan. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various scenarios, including AC and DC scenarios, and its wide applicability, combined with bit loading technology, can improve data transmission efficiency in DC scenarios.

[0041] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device that includes a unit for performing the method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0042] In one possible design, the device includes:

[0043] A communication unit is used to send a windowing plan to the tail node, the windowing plan being used by the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0045] The processing unit is used to obtain a windowing plan, which includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of a first time window. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the start time of the windows. The start time of the windows includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time, where the first reference time represents the network reference time NTB of the head-end node.

[0046] Regarding the processing unit and communication unit described in the third aspect and any possible implementation, the steps performed thereon can be referred to the corresponding implementations in the first aspect.

[0047] For the technical effects of the third aspect and any possible implementation, please refer to the description of the technical effects corresponding to the first aspect and the corresponding implementation.

[0048] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device that includes a unit for performing the method as described in any of the second aspects.

[0049] In one possible design, the device includes:

[0050] A communication unit is configured to receive a windowing plan from a headend node. The windowing plan includes the number of windows, the start time of a first time window, and its duration. The windowing plan is derived based on the number of windows and the window start time. The window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time. The first reference time represents the network reference time (NTB) of the headend node. The windowing plan is used by the tailend node to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0051] The processing unit is used to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0052] Regarding the processing unit and communication unit described in the fourth aspect and any possible implementation, the steps performed thereon can be referred to the corresponding implementation in the second aspect.

[0053] Regarding the technical effects of the fourth aspect and any possible implementation, refer to the description of the technical effects corresponding to the second aspect and the corresponding implementation.

[0054] Optionally, in the communication apparatus described in any of the third to fourth aspects and any of the possible embodiments:

[0055] In one implementation, the communication device is a communication equipment. When the communication device is a communication equipment, the communication unit can be a transceiver or an input / output interface; the processing unit can be at least one processor. Optionally, the transceiver can be a transceiver circuit. Optionally, the input / output interface can be an input / output circuit.

[0056] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip (system) or circuit used in a communication device. When the communication device is a chip (system) or circuit used in a communication device, the communication unit can be a communication interface (input / output interface), interface circuit, output circuit, input circuit, pin, or related circuit on the chip (system) or circuit; the processing unit can be at least one processor, processing circuit, or logic circuit.

[0057] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute instructions in the memory to implement the methods of any one of the first to second aspects and any possible implementations described above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0058] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, including: a logic circuit and a communication interface. The communication interface is used to receive or send information; the logic circuit is used to receive or send information through the communication interface, causing the communication device to perform the method of any one of the first to second aspects and any possible implementation thereof.

[0059] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions); when the computer program is run on a computer, the methods described in any of the first to second aspects and any possible implementations are implemented.

[0060] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, the computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions); and, when the computer program is run, causing a computer to perform the method of any one of the first to second aspects and any possible implementation thereof.

[0061] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip including a processor configured to execute instructions, which, when executed, cause the chip to perform the methods described in any one of the first to second aspects and any possible implementations thereof. Optionally, the chip further includes a communication interface configured to receive or transmit signals.

[0062] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication system, the communication system including at least one communication device as described in the third aspect, or the fourth aspect, or the fifth aspect, or the sixth aspect, or the ninth aspect.

[0063] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a communication system, the communication system including a headend node and a tailend node, the headend node being used to perform the methods of the first aspect and any possible implementation described above, and the tailend node being used to perform the methods of the second aspect and any possible implementation described above.

[0064] Furthermore, in the process of performing the methods described in any of the first to second aspects and any possible embodiments described above, the processes related to sending and / or receiving information in the above methods can be understood as the process of the processor outputting information, and / or the process of the processor receiving input information. When outputting information, the processor can output the information to a transceiver (or communication interface, or transmitting module) so that the transceiver can transmit it. After the information is output by the processor, it may need to undergo other processing before reaching the transceiver. Similarly, when the processor receives input information, the transceiver (or communication interface, or transmitting module) receives the information and inputs it to the processor. Furthermore, after the transceiver receives the information, the information may need to undergo other processing before being input to the processor.

[0065] Based on the above principles, for example, the information sent mentioned in the aforementioned method can be understood as information output by the processor. Similarly, the information received can be understood as information received by the processor from input.

[0066] Optionally, unless otherwise specified, or unless they contradict their actual function or internal logic in the relevant description, the operations of the processor, such as transmitting, sending, and receiving, can be more generally understood as processor output and receiving, input, and other operations.

[0067] Optionally, in the process of performing the methods described in any of the first to second aspects and any possible embodiments above, the processor may be a processor specifically designed to perform these methods, or it may be a processor that performs these methods by executing computer instructions stored in memory, such as a general-purpose processor. The memory may be a non-transitory memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), which may be integrated with the processor on the same chip or disposed on separate chips. This application does not limit the type of memory or the arrangement of the memory and processor.

[0068] In one possible implementation, at least one of the aforementioned memories is located outside the device.

[0069] In yet another possible implementation, at least one of the aforementioned memories is located within the device.

[0070] In another possible implementation, a portion of the memory of the at least one memory is located inside the device, while another portion is located outside the device.

[0071] In this application, the processor and memory may also be integrated into a single device, that is, the processor and memory can be integrated together.

[0072] In this embodiment, the head node acquires a windowing plan and sends it to the tail node, enabling the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to each time window in the windowing plan. This eliminates the need for the tail node to calculate and obtain the windowing plan itself, reducing its hardware cost. After the head node sends the windowing plan, it can be received by multiple tail nodes within the network, ensuring consistency across all tail nodes' windowing plans and improving the bit error rate and data transmission efficiency during subsequent data transmission using the windowing plan. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various scenarios, including AC and DC scenarios, and its wide applicability, combined with bit loading technology, can improve data transmission efficiency in DC scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0073] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0074] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0075] Figure 2 is another structural schematic diagram of the communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0076] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the change in the actual channel capacity of the power line channel in an AC scenario.

[0077] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the matching between the data transmission window and the time window in an communication scenario;

[0078] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating a power line communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0079] Figure 6 is another flowchart illustrating the power line communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0080] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0081] Figure 8 is another flowchart illustrating the power line communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0082] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0084] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0085] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0086] The terms "first" and "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses.

[0087] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the various embodiments of this application are consistent and can be mutually referenced, and technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0088] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, "more than one" means two or more, "at least two (items)" means two or three or more, and "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one (item) of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one (item) of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0089] It should be noted that, in this application, "instruction" can include direct instruction, indirect instruction, explicit instruction, and implicit instruction. When describing a certain instruction information for the purpose of instructing A, it can be understood that the instruction information carries A, directly instructs A, or indirectly instructs A.

[0090] In this application, the information indicated by the instruction information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementations, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is a correlation between the other information and the information to be instructed. It can also indicate only a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol-defined) arrangement of various information, thereby reducing instruction overhead to some extent. The information to be instructed can be sent as a whole or divided into multiple sub-information units, and the sending period and / or timing of these sub-information units can be the same or different. This application does not limit the specific sending method. The sending period and / or timing of these sub-information units can be predefined, for example, according to a protocol, or configured by the transmitting device by sending configuration information to the receiving device.

[0091] It should be noted that in this application, "send" can be understood as "output" and "receive" can be understood as "input". "Send information to A", where "to A" simply indicates the direction of information transmission, and A is the destination, does not limit "send information to A" to a direct transmission over the air interface. "Send information to A" includes sending information directly to A, as well as sending information indirectly to A through a transmitter. Therefore, "send information to A" can also be understood as "outputting information destined for A". Similarly, "receive information from A" indicates that the source of the information is A, including receiving information directly from A, as well as receiving information indirectly from A through a receiver. Therefore, "receive information from A" can also be understood as "inputting information from A".

[0092] This application provides a power line communication method and related apparatus, which can improve the communication efficiency between communication nodes.

[0093] The following describes the communication system provided in the embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system may include a power line, a head node, and a tail node. The head node and the tail node are connected via the power line. This communication system can be applied to industrial IoT scenarios, such as power distribution IoT and smart streetlights. It can also be applied to whole-house smart home scenarios, photovoltaic AC / DC scenarios, etc., and this application does not impose any limitations.

[0094] Power lines can be used to transmit electric current as well as communication data. Transmitting electric current can also be understood as transmitting electrical energy.

[0095] A headend node, also known as a central node, master node, or headend device in a communication system, is responsible for functions such as network control and network maintenance management. A headend node can be a central coordinator (CCO). One headend node can connect to one or more tailend nodes.

[0096] Tail nodes, also known as non-central nodes, ordinary nodes, slave nodes, or tail devices in a communication system, are responsible for data acquisition. Data can be transmitted between tail nodes and head nodes, and between tail nodes themselves. Tail nodes can be stations (STAs), etc.

[0097] For example, in some photovoltaic (PV) scenarios, the Communication Control Operator (CCO) acting as the head-end node can be the communication module in the inverter, while the Target Stabilizer (STA) acting as the tail-end node can be the communication module in the PV optimizer. In other PV scenarios, the inverter communicates with externally connected energy stations, etc., in which case the inverter is the STA and the externally connected device is the CCO.

[0098] It should be understood that Figure 1 exemplarily illustrates a head node, two tail nodes, and power lines between the nodes. Optionally, the communication system may also include multiple tail nodes, such as more or fewer tail nodes, etc., which is not limited in this application.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 2, which shows another schematic diagram of the communication system provided in this embodiment of the application. This communication system includes a power line, a Control Center (CCO), and three Stations (STAs). In this communication system, the headend node is the CCO, and the tailend node is the STA. Optionally, the communication system may also include one or more Proxy Co-Ordinators (PCOs), which are responsible for relaying data between the CCO and STAs or between STAs.

[0100] It is understood that the communication system diagrams shown in Figures 1 and 2 are merely examples, and the types and numbers of the nodes shown in Figures 1 and 2 are merely examples and do not constitute a limitation on this application.

[0101] The various embodiments shown below can be applied to the communication systems shown in Figures 1 and 2, or to other forms of communication systems, which will not be described further below.

[0102] This application provides a power line communication method, which is applied in the field of communication technology. To more clearly describe the solution of this application, some knowledge related to power line communication will be introduced below.

[0103] Time window: In this application, it can be defined as a window within the changing cycle of the power line channel, using different modulation and coding parameters to transmit data. In an AC scenario, the changing cycle of the power line channel can be considered as the power grid frequency cycle, or the AC voltage cycle or the Alternating Current (AC) cycle. Accordingly, the time window in an AC scenario can be understood as several time periods obtained by dividing the AC voltage cycle. For example, taking 20ms as an AC cycle, if the AC cycle is divided into 4 equal time windows, the duration of the resulting time window is 5ms. The start time of the first time window is the start time point of the AC cycle, i.e., the start timestamp, and the end time point of the fourth time window is the end time point of the AC cycle, i.e., the end timestamp. Since the changes in the power line channel are periodic, the above-mentioned time window division is repeated within each changing cycle. That is, within each changing cycle, a set number of time windows are obtained according to the same windowing method.

[0104] Modulation and coding parameters: These are the modulation and coding parameters selected by the physical layer during data transmission, including the Bit Assign Table (BAT). The BAT describes the modulation scheme used by each subcarrier on the channel corresponding to each time window. These modulation schemes can belong to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation schemes, specifically including but not limited to the following: Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM), and 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64QAM). QPSK can be understood as a low-order modulation scheme, while 16QAM and 64QAM can be understood as high-order modulation schemes. Among various modulation schemes, higher-order modulation schemes can transmit more data and have a higher communication rate per unit time; conversely, lower-order modulation schemes have a lower communication rate per unit time. Because noise and load in power line channels vary over time, the channel capacity differs across time windows, resulting in variations in the amount of data that can be transmitted within each window. Employing appropriate modulation schemes for each subcarrier within different time windows, and implementing bit loading techniques, can improve the data transmission efficiency of the communication system.

[0105] Figure 3 illustrates the variation of the actual channel capacity of the power line channel in an AC scenario. As shown in Figure 3, the noise power variation of the power line channel repeats within the AC cycle. One AC cycle is divided into eight time windows, and the actual channel capacity corresponding to each time window may differ. For each time window, the BAT table corresponding to that time window can be obtained, i.e., the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to that time window can be obtained, thus determining the modulation scheme corresponding to each subcarrier within that time window.

[0106] Figure 4 illustrates the matching of data transmission windows and time windows in an interactive scenario. As shown in Figure 4, when the start time and duration of the data transmission window (windows a1 to a8 in Figure 4) match the time windows (windows 1 to 8 in Figure 4), the channel capacity of the data transmission window can be matched with the actual channel capacity, thus avoiding data transmission across windows and achieving high data transmission efficiency. In other words, obtaining more accurate parameters for dividing the time window and implementing bit loading technology can improve data transmission efficiency and communication efficiency.

[0107] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a flowchart illustrating a power line communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. This communication method is applied in the field of communication technology. It is understood that this communication method can be executed by a communication device, which can be a head-end node or a tail-end node, or a chip (system) or circuit used in these devices; this application does not limit this. The power line communication method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0108] S501: Header node obtains window plan.

[0109] In this embodiment, the head node and tail node communicate via power line carrier. For details regarding the head node and tail node, please refer to the description above.

[0110] A window segmentation plan can include the number of windows, the start time of the first time window, and its duration.

[0111] The number of windows refers to the number of time windows divided relative to the variation cycle of a power line channel. This number of windows can be set based on actual needs, and this application does not impose any restrictions. For example, four or eight time windows can be divided within a variation cycle.

[0112] The first time window can refer to the first time window among multiple time windows. Optionally, the first time window can also refer to any one of the multiple time windows. Within the aforementioned change period, the duration of each time window is equal, which can be equal to the duration of the first time window. In other words, in this embodiment, after windowing, the duration of each time window among the multiple time windows is fixed, which is a fixed value. This fixed value can be set according to the needs of the scenario, that is, the fixed value can be configured as needed. In different scenarios, this fixed value can be set to the same or different values. For example, if a change period is 20ms and is divided into 8 time windows, then the duration of the first time window can be 2.5ms.

[0113] Since the windowing plan includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of the first time window, the start time and duration of each time window within a given cycle can be obtained based on this plan. This allows for the acquisition of modulation and coding parameters for each time window, enabling data transmission and the implementation of bit loading technology.

[0114] In this embodiment, the windowing plan can be obtained based on the number of windows and the window start time. The window start time can indicate the start time of the first time window within a change cycle. This window start time can include the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time. The first reference time can be the Network Time Base (NTB) of the headend node. Specifically, the first reference time can be obtained based on the current NTB of the headend node.

[0115] Specifically, if the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, the zero-crossing time can refer to the latest zero-crossing time in the current window plan acquisition process.

[0116] Understandably, the window start time may be different types of times in different scenarios. For example, in one scenario, the head-end node can detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point, so the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage can be obtained as the window start time; in another scenario, the head-end node does not detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point and cannot obtain the zero-crossing time, so the first reference time can be obtained as the window start time. In different scenarios, the head-end node can obtain the window plan in different ways, thereby realizing the bit loading technique.

[0117] S502: The head node sends a windowing plan to the tail node, and the tail node receives the windowing plan accordingly.

[0118] In this embodiment, the windowing plan can be used by the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0119] It is understandable that after receiving the windowing plan, the tail node can obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window based on the windowing plan. In the subsequent data transmission and / or data reception process, data is transmitted based on these coding and modulation parameters to achieve bit loading, thereby ensuring data transmission efficiency and accuracy.

[0120] In detail, after receiving the windowing plan, the tail node can initiate bit loading training (also known as windowing training) for each time window to obtain the BAT table and exchange the training results. Subsequently, when exchanging business data, the windowing plan is matched according to the current time, and the corresponding BAT table is selected for data sending and receiving.

[0121] If a head node and multiple tail nodes form a PLC network, the head node can send a window plan, which can be received by multiple tail nodes in the PLC network. For example, the head node can send the window plan via broadcast, and any tail node that receives the broadcast can use the window plan.

[0122] In this embodiment, the head node acquires a windowing plan and sends it to the tail node, enabling the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to each time window in the windowing plan. This eliminates the need for the tail node to calculate and obtain the windowing plan itself, reducing its hardware cost. After the head node sends the windowing plan, it can be received by multiple tail nodes within the network, ensuring consistency and improving the bit error rate during subsequent data transmission using the windowing plan. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various scenarios, including AC and DC scenarios, and its wide applicability, combined with bit loading technology, can improve data transmission efficiency in DC scenarios.

[0123] The following describes how the head node obtains the windowing plan.

[0124] In one possible embodiment, the aforementioned windowing start time may include the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. In this case, the windowing plan may be obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing characteristic, which is used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

[0125] It is understandable that the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage, which may correspond to a scenario where the head-end node can detect the AC voltage zero-crossing. This scenario may be an AC scenario, and the head-end node may include a zero-crossing detection circuit. The head-end node uses the zero-crossing detection circuit to detect the AC voltage zero-crossing and obtain the zero-crossing time.

[0126] The zero-crossing characteristics of the AC voltage zero-crossing point mentioned above can be obtained based on the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. Based on these zero-crossing characteristics, the current AC voltage cycle can be obtained.

[0127] Specifically, the aforementioned zero-crossing features can be obtained based on multiple recent zero-crossing times.

[0128] The zero-crossing characteristics of the AC voltage zero-crossing point may include, but are not limited to, any of the following: zero-crossing period, zero-crossing frequency, or the deviation between the zero-crossing period and the power frequency period.

[0129] When the zero-crossing feature includes the zero-crossing period, twice the value of that zero-crossing period can be obtained as the current AC voltage period. Similarly, when the zero-crossing feature includes other features, the current AC voltage period can be obtained based on that zero-crossing feature.

[0130] Based on the aforementioned zero-crossing characteristics, the current AC voltage period can be obtained, which can be considered as the variation period of the power line channel. Furthermore, based on this AC voltage period and the number of windows, the duration of the first time window can be obtained. Based on the zero-crossing time of the aforementioned AC voltage zero-crossing points, the start time of the first time window can be obtained. Using these parameters, the head-end node can obtain a windowing plan.

[0131] In this embodiment, when the head-end node can detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point, the zero-crossing time is obtained as the windowing start time. A windowing plan is then derived based on the number of windows, the windowing start time, and the zero-crossing characteristics. This ensures the windowing plan is always up-to-date and guarantees its accuracy. Since the head-end node obtains the windowing plan, the tail-end node does not need to detect and obtain it itself. Therefore, the tail-end node is not required to include a zero-crossing detection circuit, reducing its hardware cost.

[0132] In one possible embodiment, the window start time includes a first base time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first base time, and a preset period.

[0133] It is understood that the window start time includes the first reference time, which may correspond to a scenario where the head-end node cannot detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point. This scenario may be an AC scenario or a DC scenario. The head-end node may include a zero-crossing detection circuit, but in this scenario, there is no AC voltage at the current time, so the AC voltage zero-crossing point cannot be detected. Alternatively, the head-end node may not include a zero-crossing detection circuit, so the AC voltage zero-crossing point cannot be detected. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0134] The first reference time can be obtained based on the current NTB. For example, the first reference time can be the current NTB, or it can be an NTB before or after the current NTB. The specific setting depends on the actual scenario. Generally, since the NTB time accuracy of the head node is higher than that of the tail node, using the first reference time of the head node as the window start time helps ensure the accuracy of the windowing plan.

[0135] The aforementioned preset period can be set based on the actual scenario. For example, in some scenarios, the preset period can be set to a value in the range of 20±0.05ms, such as 20ms. This application does not impose any restrictions.

[0136] In this embodiment, the head node uses a first reference time as the window start time, and the start time of the first time window can be obtained based on this first reference time. The duration of the first time window can be obtained based on the number of windows and a preset period. Thus, a windowing plan can be obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and the preset period.

[0137] In this embodiment, when the head-end node cannot detect the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage, the zero-crossing time cannot be obtained. Therefore, a first reference time can be obtained as the windowing start time, and a windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period. This allows for windowing plans to be obtained without relying on AC signals, even in DC scenarios or scenarios where the head-end node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit. Subsequently, this windowing plan can be used to implement bit loading technology, improving data transmission efficiency in these scenarios. Furthermore, since the head-end node can obtain the windowing plan, the tail-end node does not need to detect and obtain the plan itself. Therefore, the hardware requirements for the tail-end node are low, reducing costs and broadening the applicability of the scenarios.

[0138] In one possible embodiment, when the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point is obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing feature. The zero-crossing feature is used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

[0139] If the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage is not obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and the preset period.

[0140] In this embodiment, the head-end node and tail-end node can be applied in an AC scenario. In this scenario, the head-end node can detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point and obtain the zero-crossing time under certain circumstances. Under other circumstances, it cannot detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point and cannot obtain the zero-crossing time. In this scenario, the head-end node includes a zero-crossing detection circuit.

[0141] For example, in an AC scenario, the AC power is provided by the power grid. If the power grid is energized for a period of time, the head-end node can obtain the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage. If the power grid is de-energized for another period of time, the head-end node cannot obtain the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage.

[0142] When the head-end node can obtain the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage, it can use this zero-crossing time as the window start time, thus obtaining the start time of the first time window. Based on the number of windows and the zero-crossing characteristics, the duration of the first time window is obtained, thus deriving the windowing plan. When the head-end node cannot obtain the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage, it can obtain the first reference time as the window start time, thus obtaining the start time of the first time window. Based on the number of windows and a preset period, the duration of the first time window is obtained, thus deriving the windowing plan.

[0143] In this embodiment, if the head-end node can sometimes obtain the AC voltage zero-crossing point and sometimes cannot, it can obtain a windowing plan based on the current situation in an appropriate manner, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the windowing plan. The windowing plan obtained by the head-end node matches the actual scenario, and subsequently sending the windowing plan to the tail-end node in the PLC network can ensure the time consistency of the windowing plan and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0144] In one possible embodiment, the above-mentioned windowing plan may be transmitted via physical layer frames, which include beacon frames or start-of-frame (SOF) frames.

[0145] Beacon frames are used to carry network management and maintenance information for specific purposes. Header nodes can periodically send beacon frames; this period is called the beacon period. The beacon period can be determined based on the network size. For example, a beacon period of 1 second may be used for a small network. For example, a beacon period of 15 seconds may be used for a large network; this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0146] It's understandable that after obtaining the windowing plan, if the head node sends a beacon frame, it can include the windowing plan within the beacon frame, thus sending the plan to the tail node. In this way, the head node can send the windowing plan to the tail node via the beacon frame, ensuring that the windowing plans received by each tail node remain accurate in real time. Furthermore, the windowing plan currently received by the head node is always up-to-date. If the windowing plan changes compared to the previously obtained plan, the next beacon frame closest to the current time can notify each tail node to update their windowing plan promptly, thereby improving the reliability of data transmission.

[0147] Alternatively, the windowing plan can be carried by the SOF frame. Optionally, the windowing plan can be carried by other types of PLC messages; this application does not impose any restrictions. The SOF frame is primarily used for data transmission between communication nodes. The head node uses this SOF frame to send the windowing plan to each tail node, ensuring that each tail node receives the same windowing plan. This maintains the accuracy of the tail node's windowing plan in real time. Using the SOF frame to send the windowing plan saves time and resources, improving data transmission efficiency.

[0148] This application does not restrict the method of sending the window plan.

[0149] In one possible embodiment, the head node includes an active crystal oscillator.

[0150] It is understandable that active crystal oscillators can provide higher accuracy. Compared to passive crystal oscillators, active crystal oscillators generally have higher accuracy. In some scenarios, for example, the accuracy of an active crystal oscillator can reach 0.1 ppm, while the accuracy of a passive crystal oscillator may reach up to 5 ppm. When an active crystal oscillator is included in the head-end node, it can maintain a high-precision NTB based on the active crystal oscillator, thereby maintaining high time accuracy throughout the PLC network and obtaining a high-precision windowing plan. Subsequent data transmission based on the windowing plan can improve the data transmission efficiency between communication nodes and enhance the reliability of data transmission.

[0151] In one possible embodiment, before performing step S501 above, the following steps may also be performed:

[0152] The head node sends the second information, and the tail node receives the second information accordingly.

[0153] The second piece of information is used to instruct the tail node to synchronize its clock with the head node.

[0154] The second message can be immediately sent with a timestamp to instruct the tail node to synchronize its clock with the head node, thereby keeping the NTB of the tail node consistent with that of the head node, and ensuring that all communication nodes in the PLC network maintain the same NTB.

[0155] This second message can be sent via a beacon frame.

[0156] In this embodiment of the application, a second message is sent to instruct the tail node to perform clock synchronization before obtaining the windowing plan. This allows the communication nodes in the PLC network to maintain the same NTB. In this way, the start time of the first time window in the subsequently obtained windowing plan and the time when the tail node transmits data are based on the same time base, which can ensure the accuracy of windowing during data transmission, reduce the data transmission error rate, and improve the reliability and efficiency of data transmission.

[0157] In one possible embodiment, before performing step S501 above, the following steps may also be performed:

[0158] The tail node sends the first message to the head node, and the head node receives the first message accordingly.

[0159] The first piece of information may indicate that the tail node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit.

[0160] Understandably, the tail node does not include zero-crossing detection circuitry, therefore it cannot detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point. Consequently, the tail node cannot directly obtain the windowing plan using its own hardware detection. Sending the first piece of information from the tail node to the head node allows the head node to learn about the tail node's hardware status, ensuring that subsequent head nodes can proactively obtain the windowing plan and send it to the tail node. This implements bit loading technology and improves data transmission efficiency.

[0161] In one possible embodiment, before performing step S501 above, the following steps may also be performed:

[0162] The head node is connected to the tail node via power lines.

[0163] Specifically, the head node initiates the network formation process, the tail node sends a network entry request, the head node responds to the request and allows the tail node to join the network, and the tail node joins the network. The head node and tail node form a PLC network, and subsequently, data can be exchanged and transmitted between head nodes and tail nodes, and between tail nodes. This network formation process can be found in relevant technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0164] In this embodiment, the head node initiates the networking process, establishes a connection with the tail node, and forms a PLC network. Subsequently, the head node can obtain the windowing plan and send it to the tail node in the PLC network, so that the windowing plan obtained by the tail node remains accurate in real time. In addition, the tail node does not need to include a zero-crossing detection circuit to obtain the windowing plan, which can reduce hardware costs. By using the windowing plan to transmit data, data transmission efficiency can be improved.

[0165] Please refer to Figure 6, which is another flowchart illustrating the power line communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. It is understood that the steps in the embodiments of this application can be considered reasonable variations or supplements to the embodiments in Figure 5 above; or, it is understood that the communication method in the embodiments of this application can also be considered as an embodiment that can be executed independently, and this application does not limit it. In this method, an example is given with the head node as CCO and the tail node as STA.

[0166] This power line communication method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0167] S601: CCO Start-up Networking Process.

[0168] S602: STA successfully registered with the network.

[0169] It is understood that steps S601 and S602 can be found in related technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0170] S603: CCO instructs STA to perform clock synchronization.

[0171] It is understandable that the CCO can instruct all STAs in the network to synchronize their clocks with the CCO via beacon frames. The CCO may include an active crystal oscillator.

[0172] S604:STA performs clock synchronization.

[0173] S605: CCO obtains window plan.

[0174] It is understandable that if the CCO includes a zero-crossing detection circuit and can detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point through the zero-crossing detection circuit, then the CCO can obtain the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point as the window start time and obtain the zero-crossing characteristic of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. Based on the zero-crossing time, zero-crossing characteristic, and number of windows, the start time and duration of the first time window are obtained, thus obtaining the windowing plan.

[0175] If the CCO does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit, or if the CCO includes a zero-crossing detection circuit but does not detect the AC voltage zero-crossing point, the CCO can obtain the first reference time as the window start time, and based on the number of windows and the preset period, obtain the start time and duration of the first time window, thus obtaining the windowing plan.

[0176] S606: CCO informs STA of the windowing plan.

[0177] The CCO sends the windowing plan to the STA via beacon frames or other types of PLC messages.

[0178] S607: STA receives window plans and records the time information in the window plans.

[0179] The STA receives the windowing plan from the CCO and records the timing information in the windowing plan for subsequent bit loading training and data interaction.

[0180] S608: Performs bit loading training and data interaction.

[0181] STA performs bit loading training, and after training is complete, it interacts with the training results. Subsequent data interaction is based on the BAT table and windowing plan in the training results.

[0182] It is understood that in some embodiments, steps S605 to S607 described above may be included. In some embodiments, steps S603 to S607 described above may be included. In some embodiments, steps S601 to S607 described above may be included. This application does not impose any limitations on these aspects.

[0183] After executing step S608 once, steps S603 to S607 can be executed repeatedly on a cyclical basis. As long as the newly obtained window plan is unchanged from the previously obtained window plan, steps S603 to S607 can be executed repeatedly on a cyclical basis. If the newly obtained window plan is different from the previously obtained window plan, then step S608 needs to be executed again.

[0184] In this embodiment, the CCO and STA form a PLC network. After the STA and CCO synchronize their clocks, the CCO can actively obtain the windowing plan and send it to the STAs in the PLC network, ensuring that the windowing plans obtained by each STA remain accurate in real time. Since the STA does not need to actively detect and obtain the windowing plan, the hardware cost of the STA can be reduced. The STA performs bit loading training and data interaction based on this windowing plan, which can extend bit loading technology to more scenarios such as DC scenarios and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0185] Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the communication system provided in this application embodiment. The communication system includes an inverter, a photovoltaic module, an inverter communication module, and a photovoltaic communication module. The photovoltaic communication module and the inverter communication module can communicate via power lines, and direct current can be transmitted through the power lines. This communication system can be applied to the DC side of photovoltaic communication.

[0186] Please refer to Figure 8, which is another schematic flowchart of the power line communication method provided in this application embodiment. This power line communication method can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 7. In this scenario, an example is given with the head-end node as the CCO in the inverter communication module and the tail-end node as the STA in the photovoltaic communication module.

[0187] This communication method includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0188] S801: CCO startup networking process in the inverter communication module.

[0189] S802: The STA in the photovoltaic communication module has successfully joined the network.

[0190] For ease of description, in the following steps, the CCO in the inverter communication module will be referred to as CCO, and the STA in the photovoltaic communication module will be referred to as STA.

[0191] After completing the above two steps, CCO and STA form a PLC network.

[0192] S803: The CCO sends a beacon frame, instructing the STA to synchronize its clock with the CCO.

[0193] S804: STA synchronizes clocks with CCO.

[0194] After clock synchronization, the NTB clocks of all STAs and CCOs are aligned.

[0195] S805: The CCO determines that there is no AC signal at present and obtains a window plan based on a certain NTB time, the number of windows, and a preset period.

[0196] Specifically, the CCO obtains a certain NTB time as the first reference time, and calculates the start time and duration of the first time window based on the first reference time, the number of windows, and the preset period to obtain the window plan.

[0197] S806: CCO informs STA of the windowing plan.

[0198] Specifically, the CCO can inform the entire network of STA window plans through beacons or other types of PLC messages.

[0199] S807: STA receives window plans and records the time information in the window plans.

[0200] Specifically, the STA receives the windowing plan and records the time information in the windowing plan, including the first baseline time and the start time of the first time window, so as to facilitate subsequent bit loading training and data interaction.

[0201] In this embodiment, on the DC side of the photovoltaic communication module, the CCO in the inverter communication module and the STA in the photovoltaic communication module form a PLC network. After the STA and CCO synchronize their clocks, the CCO can obtain a windowing plan based on a certain NTB time and send it to the STA in the PLC network, ensuring that the windowing plan obtained by each STA remains accurate in real time. Since the STA does not need to actively detect and obtain the windowing plan, the STA can be without a zero-crossing detection circuit, resulting in low hardware requirements for the STA. Implementing bit loading technology in the photovoltaic DC scenario can improve data transmission efficiency in this scenario.

[0202] The methods of the embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. The following provides an apparatus for implementing any one of the methods in the embodiments of this application. For example, an apparatus is provided that includes a unit (or means) for implementing the steps performed by the device in any of the above methods.

[0203] Please refer to Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0204] As shown in Figure 9, the communication device 90 may include a communication unit 901 and a processing unit 902. The communication unit 901 and the processing unit 902 may be software, hardware, or a combination of both.

[0205] The communication unit 901 can implement sending and / or receiving functions, and can also be described as a transceiver unit. The communication unit 901 can also be a unit integrating an acquisition unit and a sending unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used to implement the receiving function, and the sending unit is used to implement the sending function. Optionally, the communication unit 901 can be used to receive information sent by other devices, and can also be used to send information to other devices.

[0206] In one possible design, the communication device 90 may correspond to the headend node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8. For example, the communication device 90 may be a headend node or a chip within the headend node. The communication device 90 may include units for performing the operations performed by the headend node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8. Each unit in the communication device 90 is specifically designed to implement the operations performed by the headend node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8. The descriptions of each unit are as follows:

[0207] The communication unit 901 is used to send a windowing plan to the tail node, the windowing plan being used by the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0208] In one possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0209] Processing unit 902 is used to generate the windowing plan, which includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of the first time window; the windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the start time of the windows, and the start time of the windows includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or the first reference time, where the first reference time represents the network reference time NTB of the head-end node.

[0210] Regarding the communication unit 901 and processing unit 902 described in this design, the steps they perform can be referred to the implementation methods corresponding to the head node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above.

[0211] Regarding the technical effects of the implementation methods performed by the communication unit 901 and processing unit 902 described in this design, please refer to the description of the technical effects corresponding to the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above.

[0212] In another possible design, the communication device 90 may correspond to the tail node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8. For example, the communication device 90 may be the tail node itself or a chip within the tail node. The communication device 90 may include units for performing the operations performed by the tail node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8. Each unit in the communication device 90 is specifically designed to implement the operations performed by the tail node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8. The descriptions of each unit are as follows:

[0213] The communication unit 901 is used to receive a windowing plan from the headend node. The windowing plan includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of a first time window. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the start time of the windows. The start time of the windows includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time. The first reference time represents the network reference time (NTB) of the headend node. The windowing plan is used by the tailend node to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0214] Processing unit 902 is used to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0215] Regarding the communication unit 901 and processing unit 902 described in this design, the steps they perform can be referred to the implementation methods corresponding to the tail nodes in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above.

[0216] Regarding the technical effects of the implementation methods performed by the communication unit 901 and processing unit 902 described in this design, please refer to the description of the technical effects corresponding to the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above.

[0217] According to embodiments of this application, the various units in the device shown in FIG9 can be individually or entirely merged into one or more other units, or some of the units can be further divided into multiple functionally smaller units. This achieves the same operation without affecting the technical effect of the embodiments of this application. The above units are based on logical function division. In practical applications, the function of one unit can also be implemented by multiple units, or the function of multiple units can be implemented by one unit. In other embodiments of this application, the electronic device may also include other units. In practical applications, these functions can also be implemented with the assistance of other units, and can be implemented collaboratively by multiple units.

[0218] It should be noted that the implementation of each unit can also refer to the corresponding descriptions of the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above.

[0219] In the communication device 90 described in Figure 9, the head node acquires a windowing plan and sends it to the tail node, enabling the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to each time window in the windowing plan. This eliminates the need for the tail node to obtain the windowing plan through detection and calculation, reducing its hardware cost. The head node sends the windowing plan to multiple tail nodes within the network, ensuring consistency across all tail nodes' windowing plans and improving the bit error rate and data transmission efficiency during subsequent data transmission using the windowing plan. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various scenarios, including AC and DC scenarios, and its wide applicability, combined with bit loading technology, can improve data transmission efficiency in DC scenarios.

[0220] Please refer to Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0221] It should be understood that the communication device 100 shown in FIG10 is only an example. The communication device in the embodiments of this application may also include other components, or include components with functions similar to the various components in FIG10, or may not include all the components in FIG10.

[0222] The communication device 100 includes a communication interface 1001 and at least one processor 1002.

[0223] The communication device 100 can correspond to any network element or device among headend nodes and network devices. The communication interface 1001 is used for sending and receiving signals, and at least one processor 1002 executes program instructions, causing the communication device 100 to implement the corresponding process of the method executed by the corresponding device in the above method embodiments.

[0224] In one possible design, the communication device 100 may correspond to the head-end node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8 above. For example, the communication device 100 may be a head-end node or a chip within the head-end node. The communication device 100 may include components for performing the operations performed by the head-end node in the above method embodiments, and each component in the communication device 100 is specifically designed to implement the operations performed by the head-end node in the above method embodiments. Specifically, it may be as follows:

[0225] Obtain a windowing plan, which includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of the first time window; the windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the window start time, and the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or the first reference time, where the first reference time represents the network reference time NTB of the head-end node;

[0226] The windowing plan is sent to the tail node, and the windowing plan is used by the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0227] In another possible design, the communication device 100 may correspond to the tail node in the method embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6, and 8 above. For example, the communication device 100 may be the tail node itself, or it may be a chip within the tail node. The communication device 100 may include components for performing the operations performed by the tail node in the above method embodiments, and each component in the communication device 100 is specifically designed to implement the operations performed by the tail node in the above method embodiments. Specifically, it may be as follows:

[0228] The system receives a windowing plan from the headend node. The windowing plan includes the number of windows, the start time of a first time window, and its duration. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the window start time. The window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time. The first reference time represents the network reference time (NTB) of the headend node. The windowing plan is used by the tailend node to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

[0229] In the communication device 100 described in Figure 10, the head node acquires a windowing plan and sends it to the tail node, enabling the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to each time window in the windowing plan. This eliminates the need for the tail node to obtain the windowing plan through detection and calculation, reducing its hardware cost. The head node sends the windowing plan to multiple tail nodes within the network, ensuring consistency across all tail nodes' windowing plans and improving the bit error rate and data transmission efficiency during subsequent data transmission using the windowing plan. Furthermore, this method is applicable to various scenarios, including AC and DC scenarios, and its wide applicability, combined with bit loading technology, can improve data transmission efficiency in DC scenarios.

[0230] For cases where the communication device can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of the chip structure shown in Figure 11.

[0231] As shown in Figure 11, chip 110 includes processor 1101 and interface 1102. The number of processors 1101 can be one or more, and the number of interfaces 1102 can be multiple. It should be noted that the functions of processor 1101 and interface 1102 can be implemented through hardware design, software design, or a combination of both; no restrictions are placed here.

[0232] Optionally, chip 110 may also include memory 1103, which is used to store necessary program instructions and data.

[0233] In this application, processor 1101 can be used to call the implementation program of the communication method provided in one or more embodiments of this application at the head node or tail node from memory 1103, and execute the instructions contained in the program. Interface 1102 can be used to output the execution result of processor 1101. In this application, interface 1102 can be specifically used to output various messages or information of processor 1101.

[0234] The communication methods provided by one or more embodiments of this application can be referred to the various embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0235] The processor in this embodiment can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), but it can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0236] The memory in this application embodiment is used to provide storage space, in which data such as operating system and computer programs can be stored. The memory includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM).

[0237] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is run on one or more processors, it can implement the methods shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8.

[0238] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program runs on a processor, it can implement the methods shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8.

[0239] This application also provides a system comprising at least one communication device 90, communication device 100, or chip 110 as described above, for performing the steps performed by the corresponding device in any of the embodiments shown in FIG5, FIG6, and FIG8.

[0240] This application also provides a system including a head node and a tail node. The head node is used to execute the steps executed by the head node in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above, and the tail node is used to execute the steps executed by the tail node in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 5, 6 and 8 above.

[0241] This application also provides a processing apparatus, including a processor and an interface; the processor is used to execute the method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0242] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be a chip. For example, the processing device can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an off-the-shelf FPGA, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, a system-on-chip (SoC), a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips. It can implement or execute the various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied in the execution of a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can reside in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0243] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0244] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0245] The units in the above-described device embodiments and the electronic devices in the method embodiments completely correspond to each other, with corresponding modules or units performing corresponding steps. For example, the communication unit (transceiver) performs the receiving or sending steps in the method embodiments, while other steps besides sending and receiving can be performed by the processing unit (processor). The functions of specific units can be found in the corresponding method embodiments. There can be one or more processors.

[0246] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the electronic device may perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of this application. These steps or operations are merely examples, and the embodiments of this application may also perform other operations or variations thereof. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in different orders as presented in the embodiments of this application, and it is not necessarily necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of this application.

[0247] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0248] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0249] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0250] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0251] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0252] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the contributing part, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0253] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A power line communication method, characterized in that, Applied to head-end nodes, the method includes: Obtain a windowing plan, which includes the number of windows, the start time and duration of the first time window; the windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the window start time, and the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or the first reference time, where the first reference time represents the network reference time NTB of the head-end node; The windowing plan is sent to the tail node, and the windowing plan is used by the tail node to obtain the coding and modulation parameters corresponding to the first time window.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The windowing start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing characteristics. The zero-crossing characteristics are used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point is obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing feature. The zero-crossing feature is used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle. If the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage is not obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Before sending the windowing plan to the tail node, the following is also included: Receive first information, which indicates that the tail node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit.

6. The method according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that, The zero-crossing characteristics of the AC voltage zero-crossing point include any one of the following: zero-crossing period, zero-crossing frequency, or the deviation between the zero-crossing period and the power frequency period.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The windowing plan is sent via physical layer frames, which include beacon frames or start-of-frame (SOF) frames.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The head node includes an active crystal oscillator.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Before sending the windowing plan to the tail node, the following is also included: Send a second message, which instructs the tail node to synchronize its clock with the head node.

10. A power line communication method, characterized in that, Applied to tail nodes, the method includes: The system receives a windowing plan from the headend node. The windowing plan includes the number of windows, the start time of a first time window, and its duration. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows and the window start time. The window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point or a first reference time. The first reference time represents the network reference time (NTB) of the headend node. The windowing plan is used by the tailend node to obtain the modulation and coding parameters corresponding to the first time window.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The windowing start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing characteristics. The zero-crossing characteristics are used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period.

13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point is obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point. The windowing plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage zero-crossing point, and the zero-crossing feature. The zero-crossing feature is used to obtain the current AC voltage cycle. If the zero-crossing time of the AC voltage is not obtained at the head-end node, the window start time includes the first reference time, and the window plan is obtained based on the number of windows, the first reference time, and a preset period.

14. The method according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that, Before receiving the windowing plan from the headend node, the following is also included: Send a first message to the head node, the first message indicating that the tail node does not include a zero-crossing detection circuit.

15. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes units for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, or claims 10 to 14.

16. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes a processor for performing the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, or claims 10 to 14.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes logic circuits and interfaces, wherein the logic circuits and the interfaces are coupled; The interface is used for inputting and / or outputting information, and the logic circuit is used for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 and 10 to 14.

18. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, which, when executed, performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 and 10 to 14.

19. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program, which, when executed, performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 and 10 to 14.

20. A communication system, characterized in that, Includes at least one of the following: Head node, tail node; The head node is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the head node is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 10 to 14.

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