Device for separating high quality and device for separating high quality and low quality seeds using resonant frequencies

Abstract

The device for separating good and bad seeds using resonant frequencies includes several key components: a lifting unit(7) with a seed inlet, outlet, and bucket elevator to transport seeds vertically into an air tunnel(11); an air tunnel with an air blower to separate light waste from heavier seeds; a screening device(14) with holes to sort seeds based on size or shape; a divider(15) that disperses seeds using an air stream over a grooved shaft; a low-frequency wave transmitter that vibrates the seed collection; and a high-frequency wave transmitter with piezoelectric elements connected to a frequency generator and amplifier. The screening device is designed to separate seeds based on size, and the low-frequency transmitter uses a diaphragm to convert electrical signals into sound waves. The separation surface features at least two jacks for adjusting its slope, helping control the seed ejection path.

Description

DescriptionTitle of Invention : Device for separating high quality and low quality seeds using resonant frequencies!Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is in the field of agricultural machinery, especially seed processing devices and separation of particles from each other.Background Art

[0002] Seed separators employ a variety of methods to differentiate high-quality seeds from low-quality ones based on physical properties such as size, weight, density, shape, and surface texture. Common techniques include air screening, which uses air streams to remove lightweight impurities, and gravity separation, which sorts seeds by density on vibrating decks. Size-based separation involves perforated screens that sort seeds by uniform size, while indented cylinder separators are used to remove irregular or broken seeds based on surface texture. Advanced methods like color sorting, which uses optical sensors to reject discolored seeds, and magnetic separation, which removes ferrous impurities, offer higher precision. Spiral separators rely on the rolling ability of seeds to distinguish them, while fluidized bed systems use air to separate seeds based on density and shape. Vibratory separators sort seeds by size, weight, and shape, and electrostatic separators utilize electrical conductivity for precise sorting. The choice of method depends on the type of seed, the specific sorting requirements, and the available budget, with many applications combining techniques to achieve optimal results.

[0003] Several patents have been filed to address these technologies and methods, such as:

[0004] The U.S. Patent Application No. US20080179226, titled "Automated High- Throughput Seed Sample Handling System and Method," describes a seed handling system and process that automates the identification, conditioning, and tracking of seed samples, ensuring their purity and integrity. The system assigns or validates unique identifiers for seed sets, performs sorting and conditioning operations based on predefined criteria, and stores correlated information regarding the seeds. It is capable of analyzing seed characteristics such asmoisture content and updating an existing knowledge base accordingly. The system automates the conditioning process for both single and multiple batches and includes features for validation, inventory management, and packaging for shipment, all while maintaining the segregation of seed samples.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 4,602,Fs16, titled "Process for Determining the Soundness of Sowing Seeds and Their Soundness-Dependent Germinative Ability, and Apparatus for Carrying Out the Process," relates to a comparative method for assessing the health of seeds and their germinative ability, which is dependent on their soundness. The process involves allowing seeds to fall by gravity onto a hard surface, creating an acoustic stimulation and generating an impact sound signal. By measuring and analyzing the spectral distribution of the sound signal produced during the tapping process and comparing it to a previously obtained spectral distribution, healthy seeds are identified and separated from those of lesser quality.Summary of Invention

[0006] In summary, the separator device for varietal separation and modification distinguishes and separates different types of seeds based on their resonant or resonance frequencies. This advanced method enables the separation of seed varieties that are similar in color, shape, and size. Seeds exhibiting the same resonant frequency are collected within a designated section of the piezoelectric chamber. These seeds are then transferred to one of the sections within the dual separation chamber and subsequently routed into the seed bag.

[0007] The separation process implemented in this device involves guiding all seeds along a specific pathway. An acoustic signal, characterized by a defined frequency and waveform, is applied to the seeds through a piezoelectric component. Only seeds whose resonant frequency matches the applied frequency resonate and vibrate, facilitating their separation through the integrated mechanical systems.

[0008] It is emphasized that the various embodiments detailed in this invention serve to illustrate the technical aspects and inventive features of the device. They are not intended to restrict or limit the scope of the invention as defined by its claims. Minor modifications, variations, or substitutions that may be made by skilledindividuals or experts in this field, based on the guidance and information provided herein, are fully encompassed within the scope and spirit of the present invention.Technical Problem

[0009] Conventional seed separators use mechanical methods to separate high- quality seeds from low-quality seeds, which may result in reduced germination rates and quality during the separation process. Some of the problems with conventional devices include inaccurate separation, where they fail to distinguish between high-quality and low-quality seeds, leading to a mixture of both in the final output. Additionally, these separators often apply excessive force or pressure during the process, causing damage to the seeds and reducing their germination capacity. Another issue is their slow processing speed, which can make the separation process inefficient. To address these problems, the present invention introduces a device that uses resonant frequency technology to separate seeds. This machine offers a more advanced solution, separating high- quality seeds from low-quality seeds with improved efficiency and lower technical quality compared to conventional machines.Solution to Problem

[0010] The process of separating good seeds from bad seeds using resonant frequencies involves several key steps. Seed preparation includes washing the seeds, removing impurities and debris, and sorting the seeds based on size and dimensions. Seeds are passed through a sieve adjusted to their dimensions, and those meeting the standard size enter the separation device. Resonant frequencies are then applied to identify and separate seeds based on specific physical characteristics such as size and weight. The device records vibrations and is calibrated to recognize the resonant frequencies associated with high- quality seeds. Seeds are passed through a vibrating system and exposed to vibrations at the resonant frequency determined for high-quality seeds. Seeds that match this frequency vibrate more intensely, move to one side of the separation surface, and are collected, while seeds that do not resonate with the resonant frequency are rejected. A set of seeds, including good and bad seeds, is introduced into the machine by the lifting unit and transported vertically to enter the air tunnel. The air tunnel separates light waste using an air blower to carrylighter waste upwards while allowing heavier seeds to fall downwards. In the screening unit, seeds pass through holes based on their dimensions. The upper surface of the screening device has holes with specific dimensions designed to separate seeds by size or shape. In the separator unit, seeds are evenly distributed onto the separation surface, and two waves with high and low frequencies are applied. Seeds are moved in a specific direction, and an acoustic signal with a specific frequency and waveform is transmitted to them through a piezoelectric component. Only seeds with a resonant frequency matching that of the device will resonate and vibrate, enabling their separation through the described mechanical systems.Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0011] The device presented in this invention, utilizing resonant frequency technology to separate high-quality grains from low-quality grains, offers numerous advantages over conventional separators available in the market. By leveraging the unique physical characteristics of grains, such as size, weight, and density, the device ensures accurate and efficient separation, including the distinction of different varieties. This advanced approach enhances precision and sorting efficiency, surpassing traditional methods. Furthermore, the technology is non-destructive, allowing grains and seeds to be sorted without compromising their structural integrity or causing damage, such as crushing. Additionally, the device delivers higher speed and throughput, significantly outperforming conventional systems in power and efficiency. These combined advantages — accuracy, efficiency, non-destructive sorting, and increased throughput — make the present invention a superior solution for seed separation, ultimately contributing to improved crop yield, higher productivity, and enhanced quality of agricultural products. Notably, these benefits are not limited to the described features but extend to a wide range of applications, showcasing the innovation's versatility and impact.Brief Description of Drawings

[0012] [Fig.1 shows a schematic view of the process performed in the device disclosed in the present invention to separate good seeds from bad seeds using resonant frequency.

[0013] Fig. 2 shows an isometric view of the seed separator device.

[0014] Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of the seed separator device.

[0015] Fig. 4 shows a view of the tilting and separation mechanism using piezoelectric crystals.

[0016] Fig. 5 shows a blockdiagram presenting the connection between the frequency generator, amplifier, and piezoelectric components.

[0017] Fig.6 shows a schematic view of system composed of several interconnected stages for sorting or dispensing items based on their analyzed properties. ]Description of Embodiments

[0018] The present invention relates to a device and process for separating high- quality seeds from low-quality seeds using resonant frequency technology. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic flowchart of the separation process.

[0019] Seed Sorting Based on Natural Resonance Frequency: An Innovative Method for High-Precision Separation

[0020] In the process of separating high-quality seeds from defective ones, conventional methods primarily rely on visible features such as color and size. However, these approaches face several limitations. One of the most innovative techniques that provides higher accuracy is the use of natural resonance frequencies of seeds for separation.

[0021] Each seed, depending on its molecular structure, density, and geometric shape, possesses a unique natural resonance frequency at which it responds more intensely to vibrational waves. By stimulating the seeds at these frequencies, differences in their vibrational responses can be recorded, allowing for the identification of higher-quality seeds.

[0022] Compared to color-based separation systems, this method classifies seeds based on their actual physical and mechanical properties. This leads to higher precision, reduced waste, and improved efficiency in agricultural processes.

[0023] This technology not only enables faster and more accurate separation but can also serve as a standard measure for evaluating seed quality on an industrial scale.

[0024] The following section presents the technical details and experimental data supporting this method to validate its advantages.

[0025] Section 1 :

[0026] Determining Resonance Frequency and Vibration Amplitude of Seeds, Details of Piezoelectric System and Vibrational Mechanisms, and Repeatability

[0027] This process includes two main phases:

[0028] 1 . Theoretical Phase

[0029] In present document , a mathematical model is introduced to estimate the resonance frequency and vibration amplitude of rice seeds. This model can be utilized in the design of seed-sorting systems based on vibrational response.

[0030] Part One: Modeling the Resonance Frequency of Rice Seeds

[0031] The rice seed is modeled as a simple mass-spring system. The natural frequency of this system is calculated using the following formula:

[0032] Where:

[0033] fr: Resonance frequency (Hz)

[0034] k: Equivalent spring stiffness (N / m)

[0035] m: Seed mass (kg)

[0036] Assumed parameters:

[0037] Average seed mass:

[0038] m=2.5x10-5kg (25 mg)

[0039] Seed length:

[0040] L=6x10-3m (6 mm)

[0041] Seed diameter:

[0042] d=2x10"3m (2 mm)

[0043] Approximate cross-sectional area (circular):

[0052] / n«299 Hz

[0053] Part Two: Estimating Vibration Amplitude of Rice Seeds

[0054] To design a compatible vibrational system, the estimated vibration amplitude of rice seeds is calculated. x(t) = Xsin(27ift')

[0055] Where:

[0056] X: Vibration amplitude (m)

[0057] f: Excitation frequency (Hz)

[0058] At resonance:

[0059] Where:

[0060] Fo: Excitation force (N)

[0061] k: Equivalent spring stiffness

[0062] Given:

[0063] k«88.2 N / mk«88.2 N / m

[0064] Assumed excitation force: Fo=O.OO1 N

[0065] Then:

[0066] X=0.00188 / 2«11 .3x1 O’5m=11 ,3pm

[0067] Using the mass-spring model and physical parameters of rice seeds, a resonance frequency of approximately 299 Hz was determined. This serves as a foundation for designing seed separation systems based on frequency response. The theoretical vibration amplitude at resonance was estimated at 11 pm, which is critical for designing excitation and detection mechanisms.

[0068] 2. Experimental Phase: Sampling Using Piezoelectric Transmitter and Receiver

[0069] This section involves the sampling and testing of target seeds to extract dynamic parameters such as resonance frequency and vibration amplitude. The resulting data serve as a calibration reference for seed separation systems.

[0070] The system includes two piezoelectric elements:

[0071] Piezoelectric T ransmitter: A multilayer ceramic or polymer piezo element placed below the seed that generates micrometric vibrations (~10 pm).

[0072] Piezoelectric Receiver: A high-sensitivity ceramic sensor placed above the seed to detect the transmitted vibrations.

[0073] System Operation Procedure

[0074] A sinusoidal excitation signal is generated via signal processing software (e.g., Soundcard Scope, Signal Generator) on a computer.

[0075] The signal is amplified and applied to the piezoelectric transmitter, creating surface vibrations.

[0076] The seed placed on the transmitter receives this vibration. The interaction between the seed’s mechanical response and the generated wave travels through the air to the receiver.

[0077] The receiver converts this into a weak electrical signal, which is amplified for analysis.

[0078] Signal Analysis

[0079] The signal is sent to a computer and analyzed via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to determine amplitude at various frequencies. The seed’s resonance frequency is extracted with high accuracy.

[0080] Performance Evaluation During Seed Sampling

[0081] A high-quality seed is placed on the transmitter.

[0082] A sinusoidal signal (50-500 Hz) is applied.

[0083] This range was selected to cover the estimated resonance (299 Hz), accounting for variations due to moisture, mass, or structure.

[0084] Two main scenarios are possible:

[0085] Case 1 : Frequency Mismatch (Non-resonant condition)

[0086] Seed and transmitter are out of phase.

[0087] Consequences:

[0088] Reduced signal amplitude due to destructive interference.

[0089] Increased noise from incoherent mechanical impacts.

[0090] Case 2: Frequency Match (Resonant condition)

[0091] Seed and transmitter are in phase.

[0092] Consequences:

[0093] Sharp increase in signal amplitude due to constructive energy transfer.

[0094] Noise reduction due to coherent vibration and lack of collisions.

[0095] Technical Note: Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) Analysis

[0096] To accurately determine the resonance point, the SNR is calculated across the frequency sweep. The frequency at which SNR peaks corresponds to the seed’s resonance frequency

[0097] The schematics and descriptions herein pertain to one embodiment of the invention, provided solely to clarify the operation of the device. These descriptions and illustrations are not intended to impose limitations on the final design, configuration, or placement of the device's components.

[0098] According to the flowchart in Figure 1 , the separation of high-quality seeds using resonant frequency is achieved by leveraging the unique physical characteristics of seeds — such as color, size, and molecular structural differences. The process comprises the following steps:

[0099] 1 . Seed Preparation

[0100] Before initiating the separation process, seeds undergo a preparation phase to enhance separation quality. This phase includes:

[0101] Washing: Optional for certain seed types, but recommended for removing soil, dust, and debris to improve accuracy during separation.

[0102] Removing Impurities: Eliminating husks, plant residues (stems, leaves, etc.), and other foreign materials ensures uniformity and reduces interference during separation.

[0103] 2. Size-Based Pre-Sorting

[0104] Seeds are passed through a sieving mechanism calibrated to specific dimensions. This ensures that only seeds of a standard and predetermined size proceed to the separation device, improving the consistency of results.

[0105] 3. Resonant Frequency Application

[0106] The core principle of the invention is that seeds have unique natural frequencies at which they resonate. These frequencies depend on their physical attributes, such as size, weight, and density.

[0107] Vibration Mechanism: The separation device generates vibrations at a specific frequency through a precision-controlled mechanism. As seeds enter the system, their individual characteristics determine their response to these vibrations.

[0108] 4. Calibration and Frequency Recording

[0109] The device is calibrated using a sample set of known high-quality and defective seeds. By analyzing the fundamental resonant frequencies of these seeds, the system identifies and records the frequencies associated with high- quality seeds.

[0110] 5. Sorting Process

[0111] As seeds traverse the vibrating surface, seeds matching the resonant frequency of high-quality seeds vibrate intensely and are directed to a designated collection area. Substandard seeds, which do not resonate at the target frequency, exhibit weaker or different vibration patterns and are separated accordingly.

[0112] 6. Rejection of Substandard Seeds:

[0113] Seeds that fail to match the resonant frequency for high-quality seeds are classified as substandard. These seeds are directed away from the collection area of high-quality seeds and may be further sorted, discarded, or repurposed.

[0114] Using resonant frequency technology for seed sorting, agricultural producers and seed companies can achieve highly accurate and efficient separation of high- quality seeds from low-quality ones. This advanced sorting method enhances precision, throughput, and quality control compared to conventional methods, leading to improved crop performance and greater agricultural productivity.

[0115] The seed separator described in this patent separates seeds by applying an acoustic signal of a specific frequency and waveform through a piezoelectric component. Seeds whose resonant frequency matches the device's frequency resonate and vibrate, enabling their separation via a mechanical system.

[0116] The seed separator devices comprising of main components which will described hereinafter:

[0117] The lifting unit distributes seeds and ensures their smooth entry into the separation system. A mixture of good and bad seeds is vertically transported to an air tunnel for further processing. Inlet (6) is a sloped container facilitates the transfer of seeds from trucks or railcars (1 ) into the lifting unit. Bucket elevator (8) is a vertical conveyor belt, driven by a motor and gearbox (9), carries seedsupward. Attached seed-carrying buckets transport the seeds to various levels within the separator. Outlet opening (10)positioned at the top of the elevator(8), the outlet directs seeds through hollow profiles into the air tunnel for the next stage of processing.

[0118] The seed elevator unit (7) is used for distributing seeds and operates in such a way that a mixture of seeds, including high-quality and low-quality seeds, enters the device and is vertically transported to the air tunnel. The seed elevator consists of several key components:

[0119] Inlet Opening (6): The seed inlet is a container with a sloped body that receives seeds discharged from trucks or railway wagons (1 ) and transfers them to the elevator.

[0120] Bucket Elevator (8): The lifting mechanism of the present device comprises a vertical conveyor belt driven by a motor and gearbox (9). Seed-carrying buckets are attached to the surface of the conveyor belt, transporting the seeds vertically inside the elevator. In other words, the seed-carrying buckets fixed to the conveyor belt lift the seeds upward to different levels of the device.

[0121] Outlet Opening (10): Located at the highest level of the elevator, this outlet is connected to a number of hollow profiles that guide the seeds in a predetermined direction and is responsible for distributing the seeds into the air tunnel.

[0122] Various types of seed and grain elevator devices are disclosed in prior art documents, and their mechanisms and modes of operation are well known to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the present invention does not claim novelty in the elevator itself; its description is provided solely to ensure sufficient disclosure of information.

[0123] The air tunnel (11 ) for separating light waste removes damaged seeds, lighter waste, and disposable components (2) using airflow-based separation.

[0124] A long chamber (circular or square cross-section) with an air blower (13) at one end generates a controlled airflow. This airflow propels lighter materials like straw, dust, and chaff upward, while heavier seeds fall downward.

[0125] Adjustable Features:

[0126] Adjustable baffles at the air inlet enable precise airflow control, optimizing separation efficiency for seeds of varying weights and densities.

[0127] At the tunnel's other end, a trap (12) collects lighter waste materials in a separate chamber for disposal or additional processing.

[0128] In the main embodiment of the invention, the device uses resonant frequency system comprises a piezoelectric component to generate an acoustic signal at a specific frequency, enabling seeds with matching resonant frequencies to vibrate intensely for separation.

[0129] The screen unit (14) separates seeds by passing them through holes based on their size or dimensions. This unit functions as a seed sorter, utilizing a perforated surface (23) designed with holes of specific dimensions to filter seeds based on size or shape. This step ensures uniformity and quality in the final product while also separating non-seed materials like stones and clods.

[0130] Screening devices typically operate through a vibration mechanism generated by a motor (24) connected to the perforated surface. In one embodiment of invention, the motor transmits force to a shaft, which creates a vibrating motion using a belt and pulley system. In alternative embodiments of the invention, a vibrating motor can replace the shaft-and-pulley mechanism, providing both the driving force and vibration in a single unit. Other variations of invention could include using rotary screens for higher throughput or air-driven vibratory screens to reduce mechanical wear.

[0131] The seed divider unit (15) distributes seeds onto the separation surface. Its mechanism employs a blower fan (17) to disperse seeds onto a grooved shaft at the end of the drop tank (16). The grooved shaft, powered by a gear motor, ensures controlled seed distribution. The motor's adjustable speed allows precise regulation of the seed flow rate, determining how much seed is separated per second.

[0132] In other embodiments, the seed divider can use pneumatic air jets to scatter seeds more uniformly, rotary dispersion discs to spread seeds mechanically without the need for airflow, or gravity-fed chutes combined with baffles to control seed distribution passively.

[0133] At this stage, the seeds have been screened, but the primary separation and sorting process, which is the main focus of this invention, begins in the piezoelectric separation chamber.

[0134] The device employs piezoelectric crystals (30) to separate seeds based on their response to mechanical vibrations and resonant frequencies. This process is detailed here in after:

[0135] In the basic embodiment, quartz is used as piezoelectric crystal and in other embodiments may include Rochelle salt or ceramic materials like lead zirconate titanate, depending on desired operational parameters. The crystals are subjected to alternating current (AC), causing them to expand and contract rapidly. Each seed type exhibits a unique resonance frequency based on its size, mass, and coating. The system detects and measures these changes to distinguish between seed types.

[0136] The seed separation mechanism calibrates specific resonance frequency limits for different seed types. Separation occurs as follows:

[0137] A diaphragm-like device (20), similar to a speaker, converts electrical signals into sound waves as low-frequency wave. The diaphragm oscillates to produce sound waves at low frequencies.

[0138] These sound waves vibrate the seed assembly placed on a curved isolation surface (31 ) made of vibration-sensitive materials, such as silicone elastomers. The low-frequency wave ensures initial movement of all seeds.

[0139] Below the isolation surface (19), piezoelectric elements generate high- frequency vibrations using a frequency generator (34) connected to an amplifier (35) for voltage supply. Fig. 5 illustrates the connection between the frequency generator, amplifier, and piezoelectric elements.

[0140] Another embodiment of the invention involves the use of resonant chambers to replace flat isolation surfaces, providing more precise separation. In other embodiment, optical sensors are integrated to pre-identify seed characteristics, thereby refining the calibration of the piezoelectric system. Additionally, electromagnetic actuators are employed to offer broader control over vibrational frequencies.

[0141] The electrical circuit utilized in this device comprises a frequency generator (34), an amplifier (35), and piezoelectric elements (30), which operate as follows:

[0142] Frequency generator which produces high-frequency waves essential for the vibrational mechanism. Amplifier which enhances the amplitude of the voltage generated by the frequency generator to the required level for exciting the piezoelectric elements. Piezoelectric elements which convert electrical voltage into precise mechanical vibrations.

[0143] A high-frequency voltage is applied to the piezoelectric elements through the amplifier. This voltage causes the piezoelectric elements to generate mechanical vibrations on the separation surface at a frequency calibrated to optimize seed separation. The surface vibrations, typically on the order of a few micrometers, induce seed vibrations.

[0144] The high-frequency vibrations lead to continuous contact and separation of seeds from the surface, effectively reducing friction. As friction decreases, seeds begin to move and separate from each other based on their weight, size, and physical properties. Lighter and smaller seeds detach from the surface and move upward, while heavier and larger seeds move minimally or in the opposite direction.

[0145] As shown in Figure 4, the separation surface is sloped to facilitate seed movement and sorting. This slope is dynamically adjusted using two jacks:

[0146] Vertical Slope Adjustment Jack (33) alters the slope of the surface in the up- down direction.

[0147] Horizontal Slope Adjustment Jack (34) adjusts the slope of the surface left-to- right, determining the path of seed removal.

[0148] In the main embodiment of invention, the slope configuration directs healthy seeds to the bottom right of the device while defective seeds are removed from the top left. Healthy seeds are ultimately collected in a designated chamber, while defective seeds are deposited into a separate chamber.

[0149] The resonance frequency of healthy seeds is predetermined and stored in the device's memory for precise sorting. The device includes an electronic control unit (26), such as a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), which managesdevice operations. For user convenience, a display interface (25) has been integrated into the device. This interface allows users to input and monitor various parameters, including motor rotation speed, vibration intensity, and waveform characteristics of the frequency signal.

[0150] The device is equipped with multiple sensors that enhance operational efficiency and accuracy:

[0151] Chamber sensors which detect the fullness or emptiness of seed collection chambers. Motor control sensors which Monitor and regulate motor movement. Frequency and vibration sensors which measure the operational frequencies and vibrations of the piezoelectric crystals to ensure system stability and consistency.

[0152] In alternative embodiments, hydraulic actuators may replace mechanical jacks for slope adjustments. Optical or ultrasonic sensors may complement the existing sensor array to improve real-time monitoring of seed flow and separation accuracy. The PLC can be substituted with an embedded microcontroller for cost efficiency or integrated with loT-enabled systems for remote monitoring and control.

[0153] In summary, the seed separator device sorts different types of seeds based on their resonant frequency. During this process, various seeds that are similar in color, shape, and size are separated. Seeds with the same resonant frequency are collected in one section of the piezoelectric chamber and directed into one part of the dual separation chamber (27), from where they are transferred into a seed bag (28).

[0154] As shown in Fig.6, the system comprises a sampling section( 100), which is configured to interact with a material or object to generate or detect vibrational data. As depicted, the sampling section (100) includes a mechanism capable of inducing or sensing vibrations, represented by concentric arcs, within a target material positioned between two fixed or movable supports. The output from the sampling section(100), which comprises raw vibrational signals, is then transmitted to a signal processing unit( 110).The signal processing unit( 110) is operably coupled to the sampling section (100). This unit is configured to receive and refine the raw vibrational signals, performing operations such as noisereduction, amplification, filtering, or analog-to-digital conversion, to prepare the signals for subsequent analysis.

[0155] Processed signals from the signal processing unit(110) are then conveyed to a data analysis unit (120). The data analysis unit (120) is specifically designed to interpret the processed signals, with a particular focus on extracting parameters related to Resonance frequency and Vibration response of the material under investigation. This analysis may involve spectral analysis, transient analysis, or other computational methods to characterize the material's dynamic properties.

[0156] Based on the analysis performed by the data analysis unit (120), Data Control signals are generated and transmitted to a central control unit (130). These Data Control Signals embody the decisions or classifications derived from the vibrational data, instructing the subsequent operations.

[0157] The central control unit(130) acts as an intelligent interface, receiving the data control signals and translating them into actionable commands for a final output mechanism. The central control unit(130) may comprise a microprocessor, microcontroller, or programmable logic controller, configured to execute algorithms based on the received control signals. Finally, the central control unit(130) is operably connected to a material handling actuator. The material handling actuator, as depicted In Fig. 6, is a multi-channel device(140), resembling a sorting or dispensing mechanism, with multiple discrete pathways. Each pathway is designed to receive and direct specific materials or objects based on the commands issued by the central control unit (130).

[0158] In operation, a material introduced into the sampling section(100) generates characteristic vibrational data. This data is then processed and analyzed to determine its unique resonance frequency and vibration response. Based on these determined characteristics, the system generates control signals to direct the central control unit (130) to activate the material handling actuator, thereby sorting, dispensing, or otherwise handling the material into a predetermined channel or receptacle.

[0159] The following equipment was used for seed sampling experiments and analyzing vibrational responses:

[0160] Ceramic piezoelectric receiver with a diameter of 3 cm (used to detect mechanical vibrations and convert them into electrical signals).

[0161] Multilayer piezoelectric transmitter capable of generating vibrations in the range of approximately 10 micrometers.

[0162] Bluetooth module MH-M383 for wireless transmission of audio signals.

[0163] Four-channel AUX cable for wired audio communication with the amplifier and a computer.

[0164] Soundcard Scope software (version 1 .46) installed on a laptop for signal generation and analysis

[0165] Experimental Method:

[0166] Different seeds were placed on the transmitter, and a frequency sweep ranging from 50 to 500 Hz was applied.

[0167] During this process, the vibrational response of each seed was recorded by the receiver and transmitted to the software. Frequency-domain analysis was then performed to examine the behavior of each seed around its resonance region.

[0168] It is important to note that defective seeds also resonate at a specific frequency, as every mechanical object possesses its own natural frequency. However, the main objective of the present invention was to compare the vibrational responses of good and defective seeds at a predefined resonance frequency (i.e., the resonance frequency of high-quality seeds).

[0169] In fact, analyses show that defective seeds do not exhibit resonant behavior at the frequency where good seeds resonate (e.g., 349 Hz). Instead of entering resonance, their response amplitude decreases significantly, and the noise level increases noticeably.

[0170] This difference in vibrational behavior at a specific reference frequency is the basis of seed classification in this system.

[0171] Considering Variable Physical Parameters:

[0172] Seed Moisture:

[0173] One of the key factors affecting the dynamic behavior of seeds is the moisture content in their structure. A change in moisture increases the effective mass of the seed, which in turn leads to a decrease in its natural (resonance) frequency.

[0174] According to the mass-spring model, natural frequency is inversely proportional to mass. Therefore, even a slight increase in moisture can reduce the resonance frequency by several percent.

[0175] This is crucial in the separation process, as a seed with slightly increased moisture may fall outside the predefined detection range and be incorrectly classified as defective.

[0176] To address this, the Decision Bandwidth parameter can be made adjustable in the control system. This parameter defines how strictly the device matches the seed response frequency with the reference frequency.When there is a possibility of seeds with higher moisture, the algorithm's decision bandwidth can be widened, allowing slightly off-resonance seeds (lower frequency) to still be considered acceptable.

[0177] This approach leads to two key advantages:

[0178] Increased system flexibility against environmental variations.

[0179] More accurate control over resolution and sensitivity based on user requirements.

[0180] Thus, an adjustable control parameter for decision bandwidth can be implemented, allowing operators to optimize separation performance depending on ambient conditions.

[0181] High-Quality Seed Separation System and Device Calibration Procedure

[0182] System Overview

[0183] To enhance the speed of the separation process, the system is designed with multiple parallel channels, each operating independently. These channels are installed on adjustable inclined surfaces to control the flow rate of seeds and optimize vibrational performance.

[0184] Components of Each Channel

[0185] Each channel consists of three main components:

[0186] A) Exciter is a mechanical vibration generator operating at a specified frequency and amplitude.

[0187] B)Piezoelectric Sensor which Captures vibrations transmitted from the seed and exciter and converts them into electrical signals.

[0188] Pneumatic Shooting System located at the end of the channel; responsible for ejecting defective seeds using pneumatic force.

[0189] System Operation Steps

[0190] 1. Initial Calibration

[0191] Before starting the separation process, the device must be calibrated. A sample seed is placed in the sampling section, and based on the data extraction process, the resonance frequency and vibration amplitude are determined. These values (target frequency and amplitude) are then sent to the processing and control unit, which calibrates the system to recognize high-quality seeds based on these characteristics.

[0192] 2. Separation Process

[0193] Seeds are fed one by one into the channels through a mechanical feeding system and placed on the exciter. The exciter vibrates at the pre-calibrated frequency and amplitude, causing the seed to oscillate. The piezoelectric sensor above the seed captures the vibrations generated from both the seed and the exciter and converts them into an electrical signal, which is sent to the central processing unit.

[0194] 3. Signal Processing and Decision Making

[0195] In the processing unit, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is applied to the received signal.The goal is to extract the signal amplitude and its signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at specific frequencies. The control unit executes a predefined algorithm:

[0196] If the signal amplitude is high and the SNR is strong, it indicates that the seed is in resonance and classified as high-quality. The pneumatic shooter remains inactive, and the seed is guided toward the good seed collection bin.

[0197] If the signal amplitude is low or the SNR is weak, it means the seed did not match the resonance frequency and is classified as defective. In this case, the pneumatic shooting system activates and ejects the seed into the defective seed collection bin.

[0198] Numbering of the main components of the invention disclosing in drawing and description:

[0199] Types of seeds (seeds unloaded from trucks or rail wagons) (1 )

[0200] Disposable light debris (2)

[0201] Seeds sorted by size (3)

[0202] Seeds separated by resonance frequency (4)

[0203] Final separated seeds (5)

[0204] Seed inlet (6)

[0205] Elevator device (7)

[0206] Bucket elevator (8)

[0207] Motor and gearbox (9)

[0208] Outlet (10)

[0209] Air tunnel (11 )

[0210] Trap (12)

[0211] Air blower (13)

[0212] Screening device (14)

[0213] Seed divider device (15)

[0214] Discharge surface (16)

[0215] Blower of the seed divider device (17)

[0216] Motor (18)

[0217] Separation surface (19)

[0218] Low-frequency generator device (20)

[0219] Perforated surface of the screening device (23)

[0220] Motor of the screening device (24)

[0221] Display (25)

[0222] Electronic equipment control unit (26)

[0223] Dual separation chamber (27)

[0224] Seed bags (28)

[0225] Grooved shaft (29)

[0226] Piezoelectric crystal (30)

[0227] Part of the separation surface that receives waves (31 )

[0228] Lifting and lowering jack (32)

[0229] Tilting jack (33)

[0230] Frequency generator (34)

[0231] The above embodiments as described are only illustrative, and not intended to limit the technique approaches of the present invention. Although the present invention is described in details referring to the preferable embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the technique approaches of the present invention can be modified or equally displaced without departing from the protective scope of the claims of the present invention. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.Industrial Applicability

[0232] The described device for separating good seeds from bad seeds using resonant frequencies has several industrial applications. It can be utilized in the agricultural and food processing industries to enhance the quality and efficiency of seed sorting processes. This device ensures that only high-quality seeds are selected for planting or further processing, improving crop yields and reducing waste. It can also be used in seed processing facilities to automate and speed up the sorting process, leading to significant labor and time savings. Additionally, this technology can be applied to other industries where precise sorting based on physical characteristics is essential, such as in the sorting of grains, nuts, or othersmall particles. The device's ability to minimize waste and maximize product quality makes it a valuable tool for industrial applications^

Claims

Claims

1. A seed separation device for distinguishing high-quality seeds from defective seeds, the device comprising: a feeding and lifting unit(7) to transport seeds to a separation chamber, an air tunnel(11 ) to remove lightweight waste and damaged seeds by airflow, a screening unit(14) comprising a perforated surface or sieve adapted to separate seeds based on size or shape, a separation chamber comprising at least one piezoelectric element(30) operably connected to a frequency generator(34) and amplifier(35), the piezoelectric element being configured to apply acoustic or vibrational energy at a predetermined frequency to seeds placed on a vibrating surface, wherein the vibrating surface is mounted on an adjustable slope controlled by at least one actuator, the slope being adjustable in vertical and horizontal directions to guide seed flow, a sensor system configured to detect vibrational responses of individual seeds, and to determine whether the resonance frequency of a seed corresponds to a stored reference frequency associated with high-quality seeds; and a sorting mechanism controlled by a processing unit and configured to direct resonating seeds to a collection chamber for high-quality seeds and to eject nonresonating seeds to a defective seed chamber. laim 2] The device of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric element comprises quartz, Rochelle salt, or a ceramic piezoelectric material selected from lead zirconate titanate. laim 3] The device of any preceding claim, wherein the resonance frequency of rice seeds is approximately 299 Hz. laim 4] The device of any preceding claim, wherein the sensor system comprises a piezoelectric receiver positioned to detect vibrations of seeds and generate electrical signals for analysis.

5. The device of any preceding claim, wherein the processing unit applies a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to the detected signal to determine resonance frequency and vibration amplitude.

6. The device of any preceding claim, wherein the sorting mechanism comprises a pneumatic shooting system adapted to eject defective seeds based on control signals from the processing unit. laim 7] The device of any preceding claim, wherein the feeding unit comprises a bucket elevator with seed-carrying buckets driven by a motor and gearbox to transport seeds vertically. laim 8] The device of any preceding claim, further comprising an air blower and adjustable baffles at the inlet of the air tunnel to control airflow intensity for improved removal of lightweight impurities. laim 9] The device of any preceding claim, wherein the control system is a programmable logic controller (PLC) or microcontroller configured to store resonance frequency parameters and to provide a user interface for adjusting vibration intensity, frequency bandwidth, and motor speed. laim 10] The device of any preceding claim, wherein the separation chamber further comprises an isolation surface made of vibration-sensitive material, such as a silicone elastomer.

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