The invention relates to the technology of ship draught detection, in particular to a method and a system for detecting the over-draught of a ship. The detection system comprises an underwater detection subsystem, an overwater detection subsystem and a data processing subsystem, wherein the underwater detection subsystem comprises a lifting bracket, a laser array, an underwater camera, wherein the laser array at least comprises a first laser transceiver which is arranged on the lifting bracket, and the transmitting direction of the first laser transceiver is horizontal; the overwater detection subsystem comprises a power mechanism, a CCD camera, a GPS receiver and a laser light source, wherein the power mechanism is used for controlling the operation of the lifting bracket; and the data processing subsystem is electrically connected with the underwater detection subsystem and the overwater detection subsystem, and when the first laser transceiver receives reflected laser, the data processing subsystem alarms. In addition, the detection system can perform dynamic detection on a detection ship in real time and improve the detection efficiency, and also can calculate the draught depth of the ship by using an image processing algorithm and improve the detection accuracy.