Paging alert signal
The method of using a paging alert signal with PDCCH features like repetitions and beam sweeping addresses the challenge of unreliable alerts in NTNs, ensuring reliable notification even in low-coverage conditions.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems, particularly in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), face challenges in ensuring reliable notification alerts due to signal obstructions and limited link budgets, leading to issues with traditional paging signals failing in low-coverage conditions.
A method involving a terminal device obtaining information for monitoring a paging alert signal, which includes a sequence or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) with features like repetitions, beam sweeping, and polarization modes, to enhance coverage and ensure reliable notification alerts.
The proposed solution enhances communication system coverage by providing robust notification alerts even in low-coverage areas, ensuring users receive critical information such as emergency calls or messages and enabling them to move to better coverage locations.
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Figure CN2025089908_12032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PAGING ALERT SIGNALTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a paging alert signal.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] In some communication networks, e.g., Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) , which include satellite and aerial platforms, ensuring reliable communication is a key aspect due to potential signal obstructions (e.g., foliage, indoor environments) and limited link budgets. As such, a robust notification alert may play a critical role in notifying users when their devices experience poor connectivity, prompting actions like moving to a better coverage area to facilitate subsequent communication.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems related to the paging alert signal.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a terminal device obtains, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal. The terminal device receives the alert signal based on the information. The alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) s. Then, the terminal device determines alert information based on the alert signal. The alert information comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0006] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a plurality of repetitions in the time domain, the alert signal occupies a portion of a set of frequency resources, the alert signal is transmitted in a beam sweeping manner, and / or the alert signal is transmitted in association with one or more polarization mode.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, an identifier (ID) of the sequence is associated with at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device group is determined based on an ID of a terminal device; or the terminal device group is indicated by the network.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises one of the following: a first sequence that is based on primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a second sequence that is based on secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a third sequence that is based on channel state information (CSI) -reference signal (RS) ; or a fourth sequence that is based on tracking reference signal (TRS) .
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one of an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices, the priority or emergency level of the alert information, or the type of information related to the alert signal is determined based on at least one of: an ID of the sequence, a time domain position of the sequence, or a frequency domain position of the sequence.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may further transmit, to the network device, a first indication to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication comprises at least one of the following: a delay between the indication and the starting position of monitoring the alert signal; time information when there is a coverage gap; or a coverage gap size.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: receiving, from the network device, a response message for the first indication.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: receiving, from the network device, a configuration indicating the time instance to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance is determined based on a delay and the time information in the first indication; the time instance is determined based on a time instance of receiving a response message for the first indication and a preconfigured or predefined offset; or the time instance is indicated in the response message.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance to start monitoring alert signal or the time instance to end monitoring alert signal is determined based on one of the following: a position of the terminal device, or a quality metric measured on a received reference signal.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the alert signal, a frequency power boosting level for the alert signal, beam related information, polarization related information; or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the terminal device.
[0018] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a periodicity of a reception of the alert signal; a duration of the alert signal within the periodicity; and a first offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the periodicity is based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle related to the terminal devices.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the duration is determined based on a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal and beam sweeping.
[0021] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates one of the following: a pattern for determining a resource position of a repetition of a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal; or a first frequency offset and a time step, wherein the plurality of repetitions are transmitted in a frequency hopping manner based on the time step and the first frequency offset.
[0022] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: first association information between an ID of an alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices; or a second association information between a time or frequency domain resource position of the alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices.
[0023] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging early indication (PEI) carried in a PDCCH.
[0024] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information related to monitor the alert signal indicates at least one of the following: a first time instance of starting reception of the alert signal; a second time instance of ending the reception; a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the PEI in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the PEI; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0025] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the beam related information indicates that beam sweeping is performed before or after the repetitions of the PDCCH in the time domain.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one or more bits in downlink control information (DCI) corresponding to the PEI are associated with the alert information in a duration for monitoring the alert signal.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging signal carried in a PDCCH. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: receiving a PEI associated with a paging occasion (PO) for the paging signal, and wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding to PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, in a case that the one or more bits indicate to start the monitoring, coverage of a PO is enhanced.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may further receive the coverage enhancement configuration comprising at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the paging signal in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the paging signal; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the bit is associated with a terminal device group, or the PEI is applied to paging occasion in a DRX.
[0031] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises the sequence, and the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: receiving a PEI, wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal, and the bit is associated with a terminal device group.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the PEI further indicates at least one of the following: the time instance, a coverage gap, or a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the alert signal.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of information related to the alert signal comprises: a mobile call type; a broadcast message type; or an emergency event type.
[0034] In a second aspect of the solution, a network device transmits, to a terminal device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signals. Then, the network device transmits the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . The alert signal is associated with alert information comprising at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a plurality of repetitions in the time domain, the alert signal occupies a portion of a set of frequency resources, the alert signal is transmitted in a beam sweeping manner, and / or the alert signal is transmitted association with one or more polarization mode.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, an identifier (ID) of the sequence is associated with at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device group is determined based on an ID of a terminal device; or the terminal device group is indicated by the network.
[0038] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises one of the following: a first sequence that is based on primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a second sequence that is based on secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a third sequence that is based on channel state information (CSI) -reference signal (RS) ; or a fourth sequence that is based on tracking reference signal (TRS) .
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one of an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices, the priority or emergency level of the alert information, or the type of information related to the alert signal is determined based on at least one of: an ID of the sequence, a time domain position of the sequence, or a frequency domain position of the sequence.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may further receive, from the network device, a first indication to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0041] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication comprises at least one of the following: a delay between the indication and the starting position of monitoring the alert signal; time information when there is a coverage gap; or a coverage gap size.
[0042] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may transmit the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: transmitting, to the terminal device, a response message for the first indication.
[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may transmit the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: transmitting, to the terminal device, a configuration indicating the time instance to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0044] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance is determined based on a delay and the time information in the first indication; the time instance is determined based on a time instance of receiving a response message for the first indication and a preconfigured or a predefined offset; or the time instance is indicated in the response message.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance to start monitoring alert signal or the time instance to end monitoring alert signal is determined based on one of the following: a position of the terminal device, or a quality metric measured on a received reference signal.
[0046] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the alert signal, a frequency power boosting level for the alert signal, beam related information, polarization related information; or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the terminal device.
[0047] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a periodicity of a reception of the alert signal; a duration of the alert signal within the periodicity; and a first offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position.
[0048] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the periodicity is based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle related to the terminal devices. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the duration is determined based on a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal and beam sweeping.
[0049] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates one of the following: a pattern for determining a resource position of a repetition of a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal; or a first frequency offset and a time step, wherein the plurality of repetitions are transmitted in a frequency hopping manner based on time step and the first frequency offset.
[0050] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates one of the following: first association information between an ID of an alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices; or a second association information between a time or frequency domain resource position of the alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices.
[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging early indication (PEI) carried in a PDCCH.
[0052] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information related to the time instance for monitoring the alert signal indicates at least one of the following: a first time instance of starting a reception of the alert signal; a second time instance of ending the reception; a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the PEI in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the PEI; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0053] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the beam related information indicates that beam sweeping is performed before or after the repetitions of the PDCCH in the time domain.
[0054] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one or more bits in downlink control information (DCI) corresponding to the PEI are associated with the alert information in a duration for the monitoring the alert signal.
[0055] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging signal carried in a PDCCH.
[0056] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may transmit the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: transmitting a PEI associated with a paging occasion (PO) for the paging signal, and wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal.
[0057] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, in a case that the one or more bit indicate to start the monitoring, coverage of a PO is enhanced.
[0058] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may further transmit the coverage enhancement configuration comprising at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the paging signal in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the paging signal; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0059] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more bits is associated with a terminal device group, or the PEI is applied to paging occasion in a DRX.
[0060] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises the sequence, and wherein the network device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: receiving a PEI, wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal, and the bit is associated with a terminal device group.
[0061] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the PEI further indicates at least one of the following: the time instance, a coverage gap, or a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the alert signal.
[0062] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of information related to the alert signal comprises: a mobile call type; a broadcast message type; or an emergency event type.
[0063] In a third aspect, there is provided a processor for communication, comprising: at least one memory; and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: obtain, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal; receive the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ; and determine alert information based on the alert signal. The alert information comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0064] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a processor for communication, comprising: at least one memory; and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: transmit, to a terminal device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal; and transmit the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . The alert signal is associated with alert information comprising at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0065] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a terminal device, the method comprising: obtaining, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal; receiving the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ; and determining alert information based on the alert signal. The alert information comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0066] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a network device, the method comprising: transmitting, to a terminal device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal; and transmitting the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . The alert signal is associated with alert information comprising at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0067] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of the above methods.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0068] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports the operation related to device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0069] FIG. 1B illustrates an example situation of an insufficient coverage level in non-terrestrial network (NTN) .
[0070] FIG. 1C illustrates an example flow that a signal alerts the UE about the missed incoming paging.
[0071] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling process related to the paging alert signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0072] FIGS. 3A through 3D illustrate examples of the alert signal based on several types of reference signals in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0073] FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow for obtaining the time instance for monitoring the alert signal which is recommended by user in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0074] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the time instance for monitoring the alert signal in which the alert signal is transmitted repeatedly and is associated with one or more groups of terminal devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0075] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an alert signal carried in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0076] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of an alert signal carried in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0077] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device that supports the operation related to ambient IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0078] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor that supports the operation related to ambient IoT device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0079] FIGS. 10 through 11 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support the superimposed pilot and data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0080] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0081] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0082] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0083] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0084] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0085] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G NR, long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0086] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0087] As used herein, the term “terminal device” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE) , an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “terminal device, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0088] In some example embodiments of the disclosure, the terms “paging alert signal” and “alert signal” may be used interchangeably for discussion simplicity.
[0089] As mentioned above, in the communication networks, ensuring reliable communication is a key aspect due to potential signal obstructions, and a robust notification alert may play a critical role in notifying users.
[0090] Some signaling schemes have been proposed to help notify the users. In an example, a short message including 8-bit may be transmitted via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) using Paging Radio Network Temporary Identity P-RNTI. These 8-bit messages carry indicators for system information updates, emergency alerts (ETWS / CMAS) , or paging monitoring stops. In another example, a paging downlink control channel uses DCI format 1_0 with P-RNTI to carry scheduling information, short messages, and tracking reference signal (TRS) availability. It relies on legacy paging frames (PF) and occasions (PO) , determined by UE identifier (ID) and discontinuous reception (DRX) cycles. In a further example, a paging early indication (PEI) is a group-common DCI (format 2_7) that tells users which paging occasions (PO) to monitor per DRX cycle to save power.
[0091] However, these signaling schemes may be not designed for dedicated alert signals in low-coverage conditions. For example, for the NTN system, the signal transmission may be affected by the obstacles, such as, tree, buildings, light-indoor or phone in the backpack. Moreover, the NTN is designed to support line of sight communications with thin link budget margin. As such, the above signaling scheme may be not suitable for these scenarios. Thus, it may need a new signal alerts the user about the missed incoming paging for calls, so that the user can decide if this user wants to obtain a better coverage, such as moving to a favorable location for communication.
[0092] For this, it has been proposed creating a special alert system. When signals are weak (like in bad coverage areas) , this system would send reliable notifications to phones, even in conditions where traditional paging signals might fail. The goal is to work with much weaker signals to ensure users get emergency calls or messages and can move to a better location for communication.
[0093] It has also proposed improving the existing paging system for satellite networks instead of building a new alert channel. This upgraded paging would act as a backup when the regular system can’t deliver messages due to poor signal. In addition, if using group-based alerts (where multiple users get the same signal) , the need is that preventing “false alarms” that might incorrectly notify users who aren’t the intended recipients, balancing efficiency and accuracy.
[0094] In this case, however, there is no detailed scheme for the alert signal design and notifying procedure with respect to the coverage-related issues in the communication networks, such as NTN. In addition, the relationship between the alert signal and the existing schemes, e.g., the short message, PO or PEI, needs to be considered.
[0095] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for the notification alert. Specifically, a detailed scheme for the alert signal design and the corresponding signaling flow is proposed. Additionally, several coverage enhancement methods and compatibility approaches with the PEI signaling are proposed.
[0096] In an aspect of the disclosure, a terminal device obtains, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal. The terminal device receives the alert signal based on the information. The alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channels (PDCCH) . Then, the terminal device determines alert information based on the alert signal. The alert information comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0097] In this way, a specific alert signal and the corresponding signaling flow are proposed. Furthermore, with the alert signal, the coverage of the communication system may be enhanced accordingly. In addition, it is to be understood that although some embodiments are discussed mainly in NTN systems, they can be applied to any other communication systems.
[0098] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports the operation in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0099] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0100] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0101] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0102] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0103] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0104] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0105] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0106] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0107] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0108] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0109] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0110] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0111] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0112] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0113] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0114] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0115] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0116] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0117] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0118] FIG. 1B illustrates an example situation of an insufficient coverage level in non-terrestrial network (NTN) .
[0119] As shown in FIG. 1B, in the NTN, the quality of a paging message from a satellite base station may be affected by obstacles, e.g., a tree, and this results in the user not receive the paging message successfully. In this case, a resilient alert signal is needed. This alert signal notifies the user to take an action for a better coverage quality, e.g., moving to a line-of-sight location, take the terminal out of backpack and so on.
[0120] FIG. 1C illustrates an example flow that a signal alerts the UE about the missed incoming paging.
[0121] In the example flow of FIG. 1C corresponding to the scenario of FIG. 1B, at 130, the network device transmits a normal paging message to the terminal device. However, the network device receives no response for the paging message. In this case, the network device transmits a DL-only alert. After decoding alert, at 150, the UE may decide to move a better location based on this alerting. At 160, the network device may repeat the page after a certain time, or establish an expected mobile session. Regarding how to design this alert signal and how to configure and transmit the alert signal are further discussed below.
[0122] Reference is now made to FIG. 2 which illustrates an example signaling process 200 related to the paging alert signal in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. For example, the terminal device 104 may be the UE 104 as shown in FIGS. 1A to 1B. The network entity 102 in FIG. 1A.
[0123] It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that process 200 may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0124] In the signaling process 200, the network device 102 transmits (210) information 215 related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal to the terminal device 104. In some embodiments, the information 215 may comprise a periodicity, offset or duration of the alert signal. In some embodiments, the information 215 may comprise a time instance to start monitoring the alert signal and / or another time instance to stop monitoring the alert signal. As an example, the information 215 may indicate a monitoring window for detecting or receiving the alert signal. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time instance may be also determined based on the timing of reception of the information 215 and a predefined or preconfigured offset. Without any limitation, there may be any other relationship between the information 215 and the time instance.
[0125] In addition, in some embodiments, the information 215 may be transmitted by the network device in a response message for monitoring indication from the terminal device. Alternatively, the information 215 may be transmitted in a configuration information by the network device based on a measurement or prediction on the received signal from the terminal device. Alternatively, the information may be transmitted in downlink control information (DCI) corresponding to PEI carried in PDCCH. To discuss clarity, the information 215 will be further separately discussed in the following respective embodiments.
[0126] The terminal device 104 receives (220) the information 215 accordingly. The network device 102 transmits (230) an alert signal 235 to the terminal device 104 based on the information 215. Only as an example, the network device 102 transmits the alert signal 235 within the monitoring window indicated by the information 215. In another example, the network device 102 may transmit the alert signal 235 after the indicated instance to start monitoring the alert signal. In turn, the terminal device 104 receives the alert signal 235 based on the information 215 related to the time instance for monitoring.
[0127] As discussed above, there may be a situation that the coverage performance is poor, e.g., the situation shown in FIG. 1B. The actual coverage gap may be less than or equal to 18~20dB depending on the link level performance of corresponding RS. Thus, the alert signal 235 needs to be configured with enough “robust” performance. In some embodiments, the alert signal 235 may be designed or configured to enhance the coverage quality level of the alert signal 235.
[0128] In some embodiments, the alert signal may include a plurality of repetitions in the time domain, i.e., time domain repetition. As an example, 32 times of repetitions correspond to 15dB coverage enhancement. In addition or alternatively, the alert signal may occupy a portion of a set of frequency resources. For example, the occupied frequency domain resource is smaller than the allocated frequency domain resource. In this case, the frequency domain power boosting may be applied. The frequency domain power boosting may correspond 3dB to 6dB coverage enhancement e.g., depending on the occupancy ratio.
[0129] In addition or alternatively, the alert signal may be also enhanced in the spatial domain. For example, the alert signal may be transmitted in a beam sweeping manner and / or in association with one or more polarization mode. Specifically, the spatial domain enhancement may be performed by multiple antennas, multiple beams or polarization enhancement, including polarization alignment at the terminal device and network device, combination of Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP) and Left-Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) , or combination of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization.
[0130] The alert signal 235 may include a sequence. In some embodiments, several kinds of reference signals (RS) may be reused as the alert signal 235. In some embodiments, the sequence may be primary synchronization signal (PSS) and / or secondary synchronization signal (SSS) . In an example, the sequence may be the same as legacy PSS and / or SSS. That is, the sequence may be mapped to 127 subcarriers, i.e., 11 PRBs (one PRB corresponds to 12 subcarriers) . In addition, in some embodiments, the number of PRBs allocated to the alert signal 235 may be larger than 11. In this case, the power boosting may be expected. As an example, 44 PRBs may be allocated so that there will be 6dB gain by frequency domain power boosting.
[0131] In addition, regarding time domain repetition, if the alert signal / sequence contains PSS or SSS only, each symbol may correspond to a repetition. As an example, if repetition number=32, then 32 symbols is occupied. Only for discussion purposes, the reference is made to FIG. 3A now.
[0132] FIG. 3A illustrates an example of the alert signal based on the PSS and SSS in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3A, the PSS or SSS is mapped to 11 PRBs. In addition, a PSS / SSS or one repetition of the PSS / SSS occupies one symbol.
[0133] Referring back to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the alert signal may be or include PSS only, SSS only or a combination of PSS and SSS. If the combination of the PSS and SSS are used as the alert signal, then there will be two times of the number of occupied symbols, compared to the case of using PSS or SSS only. As an example, there may be 64 symbols occupied if the repetition number is 32.
[0134] In addition, the terminal device 104 needs to determine whether the PSS and SSS are the alert signal or the synchronization signal block (SSB) . In some embodiments, for the case that the alert signal is the single PSS or single SSS, it is already different from legacy SSB including both PSS and SSS, so it can be identified. For the case that the combination of the PSS and SSS, different frequency domain position may be considered. For example, the PSS and SSS may be located at adjacent symbols, so the pattern of the alert signal is different from the SSB. Alternatively, the PSS and SSS may be located within a different frequency position compared to the preconfigured SSB frequency position. For example, the PSS and SS may be located out of a synchronization raster, such that it can be distinguished from the SSB.
[0135] In addition, in some embodiments, the alert signal may be transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. A pattern for determining a resource position of each repetition of the alert signal may be configured. The pattern may be configured in the information 215. In a specific example, a pattern for determining the time or frequency domain position for each symbol of the PSS or SSS sequence is configured.
[0136] Alternatively, in some embodiments, a first frequency offset and a time step may be configured. The plurality of repetitions of the alert signal may be transmitted in a frequency hopping manner based on the time step and the first frequency offset. As an example, the frequency domain offset M (e.g., number of PRBs or number of subcarriers) and the step N in time domain can be configured. Then, there may be M PRB or subcarriers between the 1st and the (N+1) th symbol. Only for illustration purposes, the reference is made to FIG. 3B.
[0137] FIG. 3B illustrates another example of the alert signal based on several types of reference signals in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3B, the PSS or SSS is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. In this example, the frequency domain offset M= 15 PRBs, and the time step N=8 symbols.
[0138] Referring back to FIG 2, alternatively or in addition to the PSS and / or SSS, the sequence may be a channel state information (CSI) -RS. For example, the CSI-RS pattern in the CSI-RS configuration for obtaining the channel quality level may be adopted. As an example, for the CSI-RS pattern for antenna port=2, two adjacent subcarrier (or REs) in one PRB may be adopted for the CSI-RS as the alert signal. As an example, the reference is made to FIG. 3C. FIG. 3C illustrates a further example of the alert signal based on several types of reference signals in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3C, two adjacent REs are occupied by the CSI-RS sequence as the alert signal. In some embodiments, the number of PRBs allocated to the alert signal can be configured or pre-defined, e.g. 52PRB. In the example of FIG. 3C, since 2 subcarriers are occupied in every PRB with 12 subcarriers, so there may be 7.8dB gain by frequency domain power boosting. In addition, the repetition number in time domain may also be 32. That is, 32 symbols will be occupied by the CSI-RS repetition.
[0139] In addition, similarly, the CSI-RS sequence may be also transmitted in the frequency hopping manner. In an example, the frequency domain offset may be determined by M and N similar to PSS / SSS. Compared to the PSS or SSS case that M is in the unit of one or multiple PRBs, for the CSI RS, M may be in unit of subcarrier, e.g., M=2 subcarriers, and N=4 symbols. In addition, the frequency hopping manner may be also be configured as a pattern.
[0140] Referring back to FIG. 2, in addition or alternatively, the sequence may include the tracking reference signal (TRS) . As an example, the alert signal may be based on TRS. The TRS occupies 3 subcarriers in frequency domain in each PRB and two symbols in each of two adjacent slots. As such, similarly, there may be 6dB coverage gain in frequency domain by power boosting. For discussion purposes, the reference is made to FIG. 3D. FIG. 3D illustrates a yet example of the alert signal based on several types of reference signals in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0141] In the example of FIG. 3D, three subcarriers in the frequency domain in each PRB are occupied by the TRSs, and the TRS occupies two symbols in each of two adjacent slots. If the repetition number of the TRS is 32, then it will occupy 2*32=64 symbols, which correspond to 5~6 slots. In an example, the TRS may be 4 CSI-RSs. The time or frequency domain position of TRS may be configured by a single CSI-RS with time or frequency domain offset or alternatively, it can be configured by 4 separate configured CSI-RS, so the time / frequency domain position of each CSI-RS is able to be flexibly configured. In addition, in some embodiments, the number of PRBs allocated to the TRS may be 52 PRBs, which is also supported by the TRS configuration.
[0142] In addition, similarly, the TRS may be also transmitted in the frequency hopping manner. As an example, the frequency domain offset M and step size in time domain N may be also adopted for TRS. The configuration can be similar to the CSI-RS-based frequency hopping solution. The unit of M may be a subcarrier and the unit of N may be a symbol. Alternatively, the time or frequency domain position for the repeated TRS may be also determined based on a configured pattern.
[0143] In addition, it is noted that here PSS, SSS, CSI-RS and / or TRS acting the alert signal only reuse the sequence generation method or formula of the corresponding RS, and there is no restriction on the corresponding functionality for the alert signal design.
[0144] Referring back to FIG. 2, the terminal device 104 receives (240) the alert signal 240 accordingly. Then, the terminal device 104 determines (250) alert information based on the alert signal 235. The alert information includes a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, and / or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0145] In some embodiments, the priority or emergency level may include high level, middle level or low level. For example, the natural disaster notification may correspond to the high level. The high level may make the user aware of the emergency and adjust or move the terminal to obtain a good coverage level as soon as possible, such that to receive relevant information that was difficult to receive successfully before. In another example, the mobile terminated call may correspond to the middle level. The broadcast information updating procedure may correspond to the low level. In some embodiments, the type information related to the alert signal may correspond to the service type that is required to be established but is failed due to the poor coverage. For example, the type of information related to the alert signal may include a mobile call type, a broadcast message type or an emergency event type.
[0146] In a specific example, there may be several types of information needs to be carried by the alert signal: information type 1, information type 2 and / or information type 3.
[0147] The information type 1 may be used to differentiate which terminal group the alert signal is for. For example, the information type 1 may indicate a single terminal device group, e.g., terminal device group#1. In addition the information type 1 may also indicate multiple terminal device groups by a different sequence id, e.g., UE group#1 and UE group#2. In an example, an identifier (ID) of the alert signal may be associated with an ID of the terminal device group. In some embodiments, the ID of terminal device group is based on the ID of terminal device. As an example, the ID of the terminal device group may be determined or derived from the ID of individual terminal device among the group of terminal devices. For example, the terminal device 104 may determine whether it belongs to a group of terminal device based on its ID. Alternatively, the ID of group may be configured by the network device 102. In some embodiments, the ID of a group of terminal devices may be configured in the information 215. Without any limitation, the ID of group of terminal devices may be configured in any other manner.
[0148] In addition, the information type 2 may be used to indicate the priority or emergency of the agent signal. For example, there may be several bits (e.g. 2 or 3 bits) to indicate different priorities, emergencies. How to indicate different priorities or emergencies by these bits may be configured or pre-defined.
[0149] In addition, the information type 3 may be used to provide some additional information, such as where the call from, what kinds of broadcast signal is expected to be received by the terminal device 104.
[0150] The alert information may be determined from the signal alert 235 in an implicit or explicit manners.
[0151] In some embodiments, the position of resource (s) for the alert signal 235 may be associated with the ID of group of terminal devices. For example, if the terminal device 104 maintains time or frequency synchronization before reception of alert signal 235, then the time domain position and / or frequency domain position of the alert signal may be used to determine the alert information. Assuming that the alert signal is the sequence mentioned above, the alert information may be determined based on a time domain position of the sequence and / or a frequency domain position of the sequence.
[0152] The time domain position may be represented by a slot level offset, or a symbol level offset with respect to starting of the periodicity of the alert signal. For example, if the periodicity is 40ms, then the offset may include 0ms or 2ms.
[0153] Regarding the above periodicity, in some embodiments, the alert signal 235 may be transmitted in a periodic way for receiving or detecting. The periodicity may be based on the discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. For example, the periodicity may be equal to the DRX cycle or may be multiples of the DRX cycle. As such, the energy saving at the terminal device 104 may be ensured.
[0154] As an example, there may be a periodicity, offset and a duration. The periodicity can be same as the DRX cycle. The offset may include a frame level offset and a slot level offset.
[0155] In some embodiments, the duration may be explicitly configured or implicitly determined based on the number of repetitions of the alert signal 235. For example, the duration may be equal to the time length required for the plurality of repetitions of the alert signal and beam sweeping. In this implicit way, ending of a mapping cycle between repeat sequences and different beams is the ending of the duration.
[0156] Alternatively, in an explicit way, the mapping between the repeated sequence and beams may be restarted for each periodicity. As an example, the mapping may be started or restarted from 0ms, 40ms, 80ms in case of 40ms periodicity. And if the duration is larger than a mapping cycle, the mapping can continue until ending of the duration.
[0157] Still discussing how to determine the alert information, different terminal device groups or different information of alert signal may be associated with different time domain starting positions (which may be also referred to as “” time domain starting occasion” in some embodiments) of alert signal. In addition, in some embodiments, each time domain occasion may be also associated with a number of time domain repetition (i.e., the number of repetitions of the alert signal) and beam sweeping. For example, a time domain occasion may contain 128 symbols for CSI-RS with 32 symbols for each beam. In this case, if there are 2 UE groups, the first UE group may start from symbol#0, and thus the corresponding sequence (s) occupies symbol #0 to symbol#127. In addition, the second UE group may start from symbol #10, and thus the corresponding sequence (s) occupies symbol#10 to symbol#137. In this case, only sequence corresponding one UE group will be transmitted at the same time. In another embodiment, the time resource for different UE group can be non-overlapping, then 256 symbols are required.
[0158] In addition or alternatively, the frequency domain offset may be PRB level or subcarrier level. The frequency domain offset may be with respect to starting of the configured frequency domain resource for the alert signal (e.g., corresponding RS) . In an example, if the configured PRB is from PRB#3 to PRB#54, then the offset is with respect to PRB#3. In turn, a different starting PRB position of the alert signal 235 may correspond to a different ID of terminal device groups or other different information of the alert signal.
[0159] In addition, in some embodiments, the above association may be preconfigured. In some embodiments, the information 215 may include association information (which may be also referred to as “second association information” in some embodiments) between a time or frequency domain resource position of the alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices. Without any limitation, the second association may be configured in any other methods. For example, the second association may be configured in the respond message configuration information which will be discussed below. Alternatively, the second association may be also configured in the PDCCH, for example, indicated by DCI or PEI.
[0160] Alternatively, as mentioned above, the ID of the alert signal (for example, ID of a corresponding sequence) may be also associated with the alert information. Assuming that the alert signal is a combination of PSS and SSS. The ID of PSS may be associated with the ID of a terminal device group, and the ID of SSS may be associated with the priority or emergency level and / or the type of information related to the alert signal. Similarly, this association may be also preconfigured. For example, the information 215 may include association information (which may be also referred to “first association information” in some embodiments) between an ID of an alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices Without any limitation, the first association may be configured in any other methods. Similarly, the first association may be configured in the respond message configuration information which will be discussed below. Alternatively, the first association may be also configured in the PDCCH, for example, indicated by DCI or PEI.
[0161] In some embodiments, the association between ID of the alert signal and the alert information may be used when the terminal device 104 loses the time and frequency synchronization with the network device 102.
[0162] Still referring to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the monitoring of the alert signal may be activated or deactivated or be started or ended. In other words, the terminal device does not always need to monitor signals to improve energy efficiency. Specifically, if the terminal device is with a good coverage, the alert signal may be not necessary. However when there is a coverage gap for the paging channel, e.g. when a terminal device travels in a mountain, the alert signal is necessary. So there should be mechanism to activate and deactivate the alert signal reception.
[0163] In some embodiments, whether and when to start or stop the paging alert signal monitoring is determined or requested by the terminal device. In some embodiments, the terminal device 104 may transmit a first indication to start or stop monitoring the alert signal to the network device 102.
[0164] In a specific example, before the terminal device 104 enters an area with a coverage gap, the terminal device 104 will send to the network device 102 a signaling indicating activation (i.e., the first indication) of the alert signal monitoring. In some embodiments, the first indication may include a delay between the indication and the starting position of monitoring the alert signal, time information when there is a coverage gap, and / or a coverage gap size.
[0165] Specifically, the terminal device 104 may indicate an offset or delay between transmission of the first indication and application of the alert signal. The terminal device 104 may indicate a duration of monitoring the alert signal, the indicated duration may correspond to the duration when the terminal device 104 is within the area with coverage gap. In addition, the stopping of the duration is also the time instance for deactivation of the alert signal monitoring.
[0166] In addition, the terminal device 104 may indicate the estimated or expected coverage gap to the network device 102. As such, the network device 102 may configure proper coverage enhancement schemes for the alert signal.
[0167] After receiving the first indication, the network device 102 may decide to follow the recommendation of the terminal device 104. For example, the network device 102 may transmit a response message including an acknowledge to the terminal device 104. This response message may be considered as the information 215 in this embodiment.
[0168] In turn, if the terminal device 104 receives the response message including the acknowledge, the terminal device 104 may determine to monitor the alert signal 235 as its suggested time instance. In this way, the time instance of monitoring the alert signal is determined based on a delay and the time information indicated in the first indication.
[0169] Alternatively, in some embodiments, there may be a preconfigured or predefined offset. The terminal device 104 may also determine the time instance based on a time instance of receiving this response message for the first indication and a preconfigured or predefined offset. As an example, time instance to start or stop of alert signal monitoring may be based on time instance of the response reception implicitly. Specifically, the starting position may be a pre-defined time domain offset after reception of the network device response, and ending position may be still based on the terminal device recommended duration.
[0170] Alternatively, the network device 102 may do not follow the recommended or requested time instance. In some embodiments, the network device 102 may determine the time instance by adjusting the recommended or requested time instance, e.g., due to the communication overhead reasons. In this case, the network device 102 may indicate the adjusted time instance in the response message to the terminal device 104. That is, the network device may explicitly configure the time instance of starting or ending of alert signal monitoring. In turn, the terminal device 104 may start to monitor the alert signal based on the instance indicated in the response message.
[0171] In addition, the response message may include further information. For example, the response message may include the coverage gap and related coverage enhancement schemes including, e.g., the number of time domain repetitions of the alert signal, the frequency domain power boosting level, beam related information, polarization related information. In addition or alternatively, the response message may include at least one of the first association, the second association, the alert signal periodicity, a duration of the alert signal, an offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position, the terminal device group ID, and so on discussed above. The terminal device grouping may only consider the terminal device (s) which has necessity for paging alert signal monitoring, and the grouping needs to consider tradeoff between paging alert signal accuracy and signaling overhead.
[0172] In addition or alternatively, the response message may include the frequency hopping information, e.g., a pattern for determining a resource position of a repetition of a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal, or the first frequency offset (i.e., “M” ) and a time step (i.e., N) . Only for discussion purpose, the reference is made to FIG. 4.
[0173] FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow for obtaining the time instance for monitoring the alert signal which is recommended by user in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In the example of FIG. 4, the UE may be the terminal device 104 and the gNB may be the network device 102. As shown in FIG. 4, at 410, the UE reports time instance or duration for the poor coverage, and the coverage gap. At 420, the gNB follows UE recommendation after a time delay.
[0174] Referring back to FIG. 2, alternatively, in some embodiments, the activation or de-activation of the monitoring is directly determined by the network device 102. For example, the network device 102 may transmit a configuration indicating the time instance to start or stop monitoring the alert signal. This configuration may be considered as the information 215 in this embodiment. In some embodiments, the configuration may include time instances to start and stop paging alert signal monitoring.
[0175] In this case, the network device may transmit the configuration without receiving the first indication from the terminal device. That is, compared to the activation or deactivation determined by the terminal device, there won’t be terminal device reporting on time instance to start or stop paging alert signal monitoring.
[0176] In some embodiments, the time instance may be determined based on a position of the terminal device and / or a quality metric measured on a received reference signal. As an example, the time instance may be based on the terminal device position derived by uplink (UL) signal detection at the network device. Alternatively, the network device may make the corresponding decision based on the reported reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , SINR, and so on.
[0177] In addition, in some embodiments, the configuration information may be similar to the response message discussed above. That is, the configuration information may include coverage enhancement scheme, association information, ID of terminal device, periodicity, duration, offset and so on. In some embodiments, the coverage enhancement may be based on the coverage gap indicated by the network device.
[0178] For discussion purposes, the reference is made to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the time instance for monitoring the alert signal in which the alert signal is transmitted repeatedly and is associated with one or more groups of terminal devices in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0179] In the example of FIG. 5, block 510 represents the configuration signaling, and the network device may indicate, in the configuration, the coverage gap, starting instance and stopping instance for monitoring the alert signal. With the configuration, the terminal device may determine the monitoring window 520. The blocks 530 and 540 respectively represent the alert signal occasion#1 and the alert signal occasion#2. The coverage enhancement and beam sweeping may be applied to the alert signal in each alert signal occasion.
[0180] In addition, in some embodiments, different terminal device groups may adopt different time domain resources. For example, the portion 510 may represent the sequence with repetitions for beam#1 for UE group#1. The portion 520 may represent the sequence with repetitions for beam#2 for UE group#1. The portion 530 may represent the sequence with repetitions for beam#1 for UE group#2. The portion 540 may represent the sequence with repetitions for beam#2 for UE group#2.
[0181] Alternatively, different terminal device groups may adopt the same time domain resource (s) . As another example, the portion 570 may represent the sequence with repetitions for beam#1 for UE group#1 and UE group#2. The portion 580 may represent the sequence with repetitions for beam#2 for UE group#1 and UE group#2.
[0182] Referring back to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the paging alert signal may be irrelevant to the paging early indication (PEI) . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the paging alert signal may be combined with the paging early indication.
[0183] For example, the alert signal may be carried in the PDCCH. Specifically, the alert signal may be PEI or paging signal carried in the PDCCH, with the coverage enhancement scheme.
[0184] In some embodiments, the alert signal may be the PEI. In this case, there may be coverage enhancement for the PEI channel. As an example, the time domain repetition for the PDCCH, frequency domain power boosting, larger aggregation level, spatial or polarization domain enhancement may be considered. In addition, the beam sweeping may be also applied. For example, the beam sweeping may be performed first, and the time domain repetition is performed second, in order to backward compatibility. Without any limitation, the beam sweeping may be also performed later.
[0185] In some embodiments, when the alert signal is the PEI, the information 215 may include: a first time instance of starting reception of the alert signal, a second time instance of stopping the reception, a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the PEI in the time domain, a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the PEI, beam related information, or polarization related information.
[0186] In addition, the bits in DCI corresponding PEI of the PDCCH may be re-interpreted. In legacy release, generally, different bit in DCI corresponds to different terminal device groups or different paging occasions (POs) . For example, “1” of the bit indicates the corresponding UE group needs to monitor the corresponding PO, “0” of the bit means PO monitoring is not necessary for the corresponding UE group and corresponding PO, or vice versa.
[0187] In some embodiments of the disclosure, for PEI as alert signal, different bit in DCI may correspond the alert information discussed above. As an example, assuming that there are K UE groups and L different information type 1, 2 or 3. In this case, there will be K*L bits in the DCI corresponding to the PEI. In addition, the first L bits may correspond to different information types of the 1st UE group, and the second L bits may correspond to different information types of the 2nd UE group. In addition or alternatively, in some embodiments, the first bit may correspond to whether information #1 of the 1st UE group is alerted, and the 2nd bit corresponds to whether information #1 of the 2nd UE group is alerted, and so on.
[0188] In addition, in some embodiments, the re-interpretation of the PEI is associated with the time instance of monitoring the alert signal. That is, one or more bits in the PEI are associated with the above alert information in a duration for monitoring the alert signal. The re-interpretation may be based on whether alert signal is activated. PEI re-interpretation is only applicable for the duration when alert signal monitoring is activated. Furthermore, the time instance of activation or deactivation of alert signal may be indicated to all the terminal devices, either by broadcast signal or by multiple multicast signal. For illustration purposes, the reference is made to FIG. 6.
[0189] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of an alert signal carried in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0190] As shown in FIG. 6, the blocks 610 represent multiple PEI repetitions which is used as alert signal. In addition, the PEI may further indicate the alert information. The blocks 620 and 630 represent the POs associated with the PEI 610. In this way, the terminal device 104 may determine the alert information based on the bits in DCI corresponding the PEI.
[0191] Referring back to FIG. 2, alternatively, in some embodiments, the PEI may act as the activation and / or de-activation indication of monitoring the alert signal. For example, the terminal device 110 may receive a PEI associated with one or more POs, and one or more bits in the PEI may indicate whether to start or stop the monitoring of the alert signal. In some embodiments, this PEI may be considered as the information 215.
[0192] In some embodiments, the alert signal may be carried in the PDCCH of the associated PO. Moreover, the coverage of the PO is enhanced. As an example, the paging signal (or paging DCI) transmitted in the PO is enhanced with coverage enhancement. In this case, the alert information is indicated by the paging DCI.
[0193] For example, for a terminal device group, PEI may indicate to activate or deactivate the coverage enhanced paging DCI. Specifically, if the bit for this terminal device group is “1” , it means that the corresponding PO for the UE group is coverage enhanced, e.g. by time domain repetition. Furthermore, additional time, frequency or spatial domain resource for coverage enhancement may be also pre-configured and activated by the PEI. Otherwise, if the bit for the terminal device is “0” , it means that the corresponding PO for the terminal device group is not coverage enhanced, i.e. this PO is the same as in legacy release.
[0194] In addition, the PEI may be per terminal device group. Alternatively, the PEI may be applicable for all the paging occasions in the DRX cycle. By this way, signaling overhead of DCI corresponding PEI can be reduced, which is beneficial for reliable reception of the DCI.
[0195] In addition, by detecting the PEI, even the PO associated with a certain terminal device is not enhanced in coverage, this terminal device may know which one or multiple PO in the cell is coverage enhanced. As such, this terminal device may perform rate matching in order to avoid interfering with the transmission of the alert signal. In addition, the terminal device may further determine the priority among different DL or UL channel (or RS) based on the detected PEI. In addition, the initial association between the PO and the terminal device group may be not changed. Only for discussion purposes, the reference is made to FIG. 7.
[0196] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of an alert signal carried in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0197] In the example of FIG. 7, the block 710 represents PEI used as the activation or deactivation indication of monitoring the alert signal. In some embodiments, the PEI may further include further information. For example, the PEI may include the coverage gap and related coverage enhancement schemes including, e.g., the number of repetitions of the alert signal, the frequency domain boosting level, beam related information, polarization related information. In addition or alternatively, the PEI may include the first association, the second association, the alert signal periodicity, a duration of the alert signal, an offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position, the terminal device group ID, and so on discussed above.
[0198] In addition or alternatively, the PEI may include the frequency hopping information, e.g., a pattern for determining a resource position of a repetition of a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal, or the first frequency offset (i.e., “M” ) and a time step (i.e., N) .
[0199] Still referring to FIG. 8, the blocks 720 represents the PO#1 with repetition =4 which may be used to transmit the alert signal. The blocks 730 represents the PO#2 with repetition = 8.
[0200] Referring back to FIG. 2, alternatively, in some embodiments, the alert signal may be further signals other than the PDCCH carried in the associated PO when the PEI acts as the activation or deactivation indication. For example, the alert signal may be the sequence based on the reference signal discussed above. That is, the associated paging occasions (s) is not changed. In addition, the alert signal is separately designed and the PEI is used to activate or deactivate alert signal detection. In other words, the PEI is similar to the first indication discussed above.
[0201] In addition, similarly, the DCI corresponding to PEI may be applied for the corresponding DRX cycle. In this case, the DCI corresponding to PEI may indicate whether the alert signal monitoring in the DRX cycle is activated or not. In some embodiments, the alert signal periodicity, a duration of the alert signal and an offset may be also separately configured. In this case, the DCI corresponding to PEI may only determine the activation or deactivation of alert signal monitoring when the alert signal is within the corresponding DRX cycle.
[0202] Specifically, different bits in DCI corresponding to the PEI may indicate alert signal activation or deactivation of different UE groups. As an example, “1” of a bit means activation, and “0” of the bit means deactivation, or vice versa. In addition, since there is no difference among different POs of a terminal device group, signaling overhead of PEI DCI can be reduced.
[0203] In view of the above, a novel and robust solution for communication network (e.g., NTN) paging alert signal process, offering several key advantages. It introduces sequence-based alert signals (using PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, or TRS) with time-domain repetition, frequency-domain power boosting, and spatial / polarization enhancements to bridge an 18–20dB coverage gap, ensuring reliable detection even in poor signal conditions. The proposed activation or deactivation mechanisms for alert signal monitoring allow UEs to dynamically engage with the signal only when in coverage-challenged environments (e.g., mountainous areas or indoor) , optimizing energy efficiency by avoiding unnecessary monitoring. Additionally, the solution enables seamless coexistence with legacy PEI, including reusing PEI as an alert signal or activation / deactivation indicator, which reduces signaling overhead and enhances compatibility. These features collectively improve the reliability of mobile-terminated calls and broadcast messages in satellite communications, support resilient notification services, and balance performance with energy savings, making the solution highly adaptable to NTN’s unique coverage and synchronization challenges.
[0204] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that supports the communication related to the superimposed pilot and data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be an example of the terminal device 104 or the network device 102 as described herein. The device 800 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I / O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0205] The processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0206] In some implementations, the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
[0207] For example, the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for the operation related to ambient internet of things (IoT) device.
[0208] The processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 802 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 802. The processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 804) to cause the device 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0209] The memory 804 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 802 cause the device 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 802 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0210] The I / O controller 808 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 808 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 806. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 800 via the I / O controller 808 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0211] In some implementations, the device 800 may include a single antenna 810. However, in some other implementations, the device 800 may have more than one antenna 810 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 810, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 806 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 806 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 810 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 810. The transceiver 806 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0212] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 310 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0213] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 810 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0214] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 that supports the operation related to ambient internet of things (IoT) device in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0215] The processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0216] The controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0217] The controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 704 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900. The controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 900.
[0218] The memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 404 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
[0219] The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 902 and / or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization) . For example, the processor 900 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0220] The one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 500 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) . One or more ALUs 700 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 900 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0221] The processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support a means for the communication related to ambient internet of things (IoT) device.
[0222] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports the operation related to the superimposed pilot and data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the terminal device 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0223] At 1010, the terminal device 104 obtains, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal. At 1020, the terminal device 104 receives the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or is carried in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . At 1030, the terminal device 104 determine alert information based on the alert signal. The alert signal comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0224] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a plurality of repetitions in the time domain, the alert signal occupies a portion of a set of frequency resources, the alert signal is transmitted in a beam sweeping manner, and / or the alert signal is transmitted in association with one or more polarization mode.
[0225] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, an identifier (ID) of the sequence is associated with at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices.
[0226] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device group is determined based on an ID of a terminal device; or the terminal device group is indicated by the network.
[0227] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises one of the following: a first sequence that is based on primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a second sequence that is based on secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a third sequence that is based on channel state information (CSI) -reference signal (RS) ; or a fourth sequence that is based on tracking reference signal (TRS) .
[0228] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one of an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices, the priority or emergency level of the alert information, or the type of information related to the alert signal is determined based on at least one of: an ID of the sequence, a time domain position of the sequence, or a frequency domain position of the sequence.
[0229] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may further transmit, to the network device, a first indication to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0230] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication comprises at least one of the following: a delay between the indication and the starting position of monitoring the alert signal; time information when there is a coverage gap; or a coverage gap size.
[0231] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: receiving, from the network device, a response message for the first indication.
[0232] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: receiving, from the network device, a configuration indicating the time instance to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0233] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance is determined based on a delay and the time information in the first indication; the time instance is determined based on a time instance of receiving a response message for the first indication and a preconfigured or predefined offset; or the time instance is indicated in the response message.
[0234] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance to start monitoring alert signal or the time instance to end monitoring alert signal is determined based on one of the following: a position of the terminal device, or a quality metric measured on a received reference signal.
[0235] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the alert signal, a frequency power boosting level for the alert signal, beam related information, polarization related information; or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the terminal device.
[0236] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a periodicity of a reception of the alert signal; a duration of the alert signal within the periodicity; and a first offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position.
[0237] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the periodicity is based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle related to the terminal devices.
[0238] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the duration is determined based on a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal and beam sweeping.
[0239] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates one of the following: a pattern for determining a resource position of a repetition of a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal; or a first frequency offset and a time step, wherein the plurality of repetitions are transmitted in a frequency hopping manner based on the time step and the first frequency offset.
[0240] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: first association information between an ID of an alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices; or a second association information between a time or frequency domain resource position of the alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices.
[0241] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging early indication (PEI) carried in a PDCCH.
[0242] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information related to monitor the alert signal indicates at least one of the following: a first time instance of starting reception of the alert signal; a second time instance of ending the reception; a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the PEI in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the PEI; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0243]
[0244] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the beam related information indicates that beam sweeping is performed before or after the repetitions of the PDCCH in the time domain.
[0245] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one or more bits in downlink control information (DCI) corresponding to the PEI are associated with the alert information in a duration for monitoring the alert signal.
[0246] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging signal carried in a PDCCH. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: receiving a PEI associated with a paging occasion (PO) for the paging signal, and wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding to PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal.
[0247] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, in a case that the one or more bits indicate to start the monitoring, coverage of a PO is enhanced.
[0248] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device may further receive the coverage enhancement configuration comprising at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the paging signal in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the paging signal; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0249] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the bit is associated with a terminal device group, or the PEI is applied to paging occasion in a DRX.
[0250] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises the sequence, and the terminal device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: receiving a PEI, wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal, and the bit is associated with a terminal device group.
[0251] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the PEI further indicates at least one of the following: the time instance, a coverage gap, or a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the alert signal.
[0252] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of information related to the alert signal comprises: a mobile call type; a broadcast message type; or an emergency event type.
[0253] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports the operation related to the superimposed pilot and data transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a network device 102 or its components as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0254] At 1110, the network device 102 transmits, to a terminal device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signals. At 1020, the network device 102 transmits the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . The alert signal is associated with alert information comprising at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
[0255] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a plurality of repetitions in the time domain, the alert signal occupies a portion of a set of frequency resources, the alert signal is transmitted in a beam sweeping manner, and / or the alert signal is transmitted association with one or more polarization mode.
[0256] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, an identifier (ID) of the sequence is associated with at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices.
[0257] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the terminal device group is determined based on an ID of a terminal device; or the terminal device group is indicated by the network.
[0258] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises one of the following: a first sequence that is based on primary synchronization signal (PSS) ; a second sequence that is based on secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ; a third sequence that is based on channel state information (CSI) -reference signal (RS) ; or a fourth sequence that is based on tracking reference signal (TRS) .
[0259] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one of an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices, the priority or emergency level of the alert information, or the type of information related to the alert signal is determined based on at least one of: an ID of the sequence, a time domain position of the sequence, or a frequency domain position of the sequence.
[0260] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may further receive, from the network device, a first indication to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0261] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the indication comprises at least one of the following: a delay between the indication and the starting position of monitoring the alert signal; time information when there is a coverage gap; or a coverage gap size.
[0262] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may transmit the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: transmitting, to the terminal device, a response message for the first indication.
[0263] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may transmit the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following: transmitting, to the terminal device, a configuration indicating the time instance to start or end monitoring the alert signal.
[0264] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance is determined based on a delay and the time information in the first indication; the time instance is determined based on a time instance of receiving a response message for the first indication and a preconfigured or a predefined offset; or the time instance is indicated in the response message.
[0265] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the time instance to start monitoring alert signal or the time instance to end monitoring alert signal is determined based on one of the following: a position of the terminal device, or a quality metric measured on a received reference signal.
[0266] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the alert signal, a frequency power boosting level for the alert signal, beam related information, polarization related information; or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the terminal device.
[0267] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following: a periodicity of a reception of the alert signal; a duration of the alert signal within the periodicity; and a first offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position.
[0268] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the periodicity is based on a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle related to the terminal devices. In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the duration is determined based on a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal and beam sweeping.
[0269] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates one of the following: a pattern for determining a resource position of a repetition of a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal; or a first frequency offset and a time step, wherein the plurality of repetitions are transmitted in a frequency hopping manner based on time step and the first frequency offset.
[0270] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a response message or a configuration indicates one of the following: first association information between an ID of an alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices; or a second association information between a time or frequency domain resource position of the alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices.
[0271] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging early indication (PEI) carried in a PDCCH.
[0272] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information related to the time instance for monitoring the alert signal indicates at least one of the following: a first time instance of starting a reception of the alert signal; a second time instance of ending the reception; a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the PEI in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the PEI; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0273] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the beam related information indicates that beam sweeping is performed before or after the repetitions of the PDCCH in the time domain.
[0274] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, one or more bits in downlink control information (DCI) corresponding to the PEI are associated with the alert information in a duration for the monitoring the alert signal.
[0275] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises a paging signal carried in a PDCCH.
[0276] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may transmit the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: transmitting a PEI associated with a paging occasion (PO) for the paging signal, and wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal.
[0277] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, in a case that the one or more bit indicate to start the monitoring, coverage of a PO is enhanced.
[0278] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network device may further transmit the coverage enhancement configuration comprising at least one of the following: a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the paging signal in the time domain; a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the paging signal; beam related information; or polarization related information.
[0279] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the one or more bits is associated with a terminal device group, or the PEI is applied to paging occasion in a DRX.
[0280] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the alert signal comprises the sequence, and wherein the network device may obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following: receiving a PEI, wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or end the monitoring of the alert signal, and the bit is associated with a terminal device group.
[0281] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the PEI further indicates at least one of the following: the time instance, a coverage gap, or a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the alert signal.
[0282] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the type of information related to the alert signal comprises: a mobile call type; a broadcast message type; or an emergency event type.
[0283] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0284] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0285] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0286] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0287] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0288] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:obtain, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal;receive the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or is carried in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ; anddetermine alert information based on the alert signal, wherein the alert information comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the following:the alert signal comprises a plurality of repetitions in the time domain,the alert signal occupies a portion of a set of frequency resources,the alert signal is transmitted in a beam sweeping manner, orthe alert signal is transmitted in association with one or more polarization mode.3.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein an identifier (ID) of the sequence is associated with at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or an ID of a terminal device group comprising the one or more terminal devices.4.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the sequence is based on a reference signal, wherein the reference signal comprises one of the following:primary synchronization signal (PSS) ,secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ,channel state information (CSI) -reference signal (RS) , ortracking reference signal (TRS) .5.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the network device, a first indication to start or stop monitoring the alert signal.6.The terminal device of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following:receiving, from the network device, a response message for the first indication.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring by the following:receiving, from the network device, a configuration indicating the time instance to start or stop monitoring the alert signal.8.The terminal device of claim 6 or 7, wherein a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following:a number of repetitions of the alert signal,a frequency power boosting level for the alert signal,beam related information,polarization related information; oran ID of a terminal device group comprising the terminal device.9.The terminal device of claim 6 or 7, wherein a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following :a periodicity of a reception of the alert signal;a duration of the alert signal within the periodicity; anda first offset of starting the reception relative to a reference time domain position.10.The terminal device of claim 9, wherein:the duration is determined based on a plurality of repetitions of the alert signal and beam sweeping.11.The terminal device of claim 6 or 7, wherein a response message or a configuration indicates at least one of the following:first association information between an ID of an alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices; ora second association information between a time or frequency domain resource position of the alert signal and the at least one of the priority or emergency level, the type of information related to the alert signal, or the one or more terminal devices.12.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the alert signal comprises a paging early indication (PEI) carried in a PDCCH.13.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the information related to monitor the alert signal indicates at least one of the following:a first time instance of starting reception of the alert signal;a second time instance of stopping the reception;a number of repetitions of the PDCCH carrying the PEI in the time domain;a frequency power boosting level for the PDCCH carrying the PEI;beam related information; orpolarization related information.14.The terminal device of claim 13, wherein one or more bits in the PEI are associated with the alert information in a duration for monitoring the alert signal.15.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the alert signal comprises a paging signal carried in a PDCCH.16.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following:receiving a PEI associated with a paging occasion (PO) , and wherein one or more bits in the PEI indicate whether to start or stop the monitoring of the alert signal.17.The terminal device of claim 16, wherein in a case that the one or more bits indicate to start the monitoring, coverage of a PO is enhanced.18.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the alert signal comprises the sequence, and wherein the processor is configured to obtain the information related to the time instance for monitoring an alert signal by the following:receiving a PEI, wherein one or more bits in DCI corresponding PEI indicate whether to start or stop the monitoring of the alert signal, and the bit is associated with a terminal device group.19.A network device comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, to a terminal device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal; andtransmit the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ,wherein the alert signal is associated with alert information comprising at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:obtain, from a network device, information related to a time instance for monitoring an alert signal;receive the alert signal based on the information, wherein the alert signal comprises a sequence or a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ; anddetermine alert information based on the alert signal, wherein the alert information comprises at least one of: a priority or emergency level of the alert information, a type of information related to the alert signal, or one or more terminal devices to which the alert signal is targeted.
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