Method and apparatus for compact representation of FDSS filters

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a 6G communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4G communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). A method of operating an electronic device includes phase rotating an input data vector u of length M d according to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector, and performing a DFT on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data. The method also includes applying spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector, performing FDSS by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data, and mapping the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data. The method also includes performing an IDFT on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data, adding a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal, and transmitting the output signal.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPACT REPRESENTATION OF FDSS FILTERS

[0001] This disclosure relates generally to wireless networks. More specifically, this disclosure relates to compact representation of frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) filters.

[0002] Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, the technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. Following the commercialization of 5G (5th generation) communication systems, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected things may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6G (6th generation) era, there have been ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as beyond-5G systems.

[0003] 6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bit per second (bps) and a radio latency less than 100μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1 / 10 radio latency thereof.

[0004] In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been considered to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz (THz) band (for example, 95 gigahertz (GHz) to 3THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (that is, coverage) will become more crucial. It is necessary to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, Radio Frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive Multiple-input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there has been ongoing discussion on new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS).

[0005] Moreover, in order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems: a full-duplex technology for enabling an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time; a network technology for utilizing satellites, High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS), and the like in an integrated manner; an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations and the like and enabling network operation optimization and automation and the like; a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage; an use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improvement of overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions; and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of UE computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), clouds, and the like) over the network. In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.

[0006] It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) as well as machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services such as truly immersive eXtended Reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.

[0007] The present disclosure relates to method and apparatus for compact representation of FDSS filters in a wireless communication system.

[0008] According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a communication method in a wireless communication system.

[0009] Aspects of the present disclosure provide efficient communication methods in a wireless communication system.

[0010] For a more complete understanding of this disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless transmit and receive paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0013] FIG. 3A illustrates an example UE according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0014] FIG. 3B illustrates an example gNB according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates an example transmitter according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates an example procedure for operation of a transmitter according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates another example of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates another example of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates another example of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates another example of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates another example of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 12 an example procedure for uplink signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and

[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates an example method for compact representation of FDSS filters according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a user equipment, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of a base station, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of a network entity, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] This disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for compact representation of FDSS filters.

[0029] In one embodiment, and electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a processor. The processor is configured to phase rotate an input data vector of lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector, and perform a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data. The processor is also configured to apply spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector, perform frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data, and map the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data. The processor is also configured to perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data, and add a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal. The electronic device also includes a transceiver operatively coupled to the processor. The transceiver is configured to transmit the output signal.

[0030] In another embodiment, a method of operating an electronic device is provided. The method includes phase rotating an input data vector of lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector, and performing a DFT on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data. The method also includes applying spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector, performing FDSS by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data, and mapping the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data. The method also includes performing an IDFT on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data, adding a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal, and transmitting the output signal.

[0031] In yet another embodiment, a non-transitory computer readable medium embodying a computer program is provided. The computer program includes program code that, when executed by a processor of a device, causes the device to phase rotate an input data vector of lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector, and perform a DFT on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data. The program code also causes the device to apply spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector, perform FDSS by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data, and map the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data. The program code also causes the device to perform an inverse IDFT on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data, add a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal, and transmit the output signal.

[0032] Hereinafter, embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In describing the embodiments, descriptions related to technical contents well-known in the art and not associated directly with the disclosure will be omitted. Such an omission of unnecessary descriptions is intended to prevent obscuring of the main idea of the disclosure and more clearly transfer the main idea.

[0034] For the same reason, in the accompanying drawings, some elements may be exaggerated, omitted, or schematically illustrated. Further, the size of each element does not completely reflect the actual size. In the drawings, identical or corresponding elements are provided with identical reference numerals or different reference numerals.

[0035] The advantages and features of the disclosure and ways to achieve them will be apparent by making reference to embodiments as described below in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments set forth below, but may be implemented in various different forms. The following embodiments are provided only to completely disclose the disclosure and inform those skilled in the art of the scope of the disclosure, and the disclosure is defined only by the scope of the appended claims. Throughout the specification, the same or like reference numerals designate the same or like elements. Furthermore, in describing the disclosure, a detailed description of known functions or constitution incorporated herein will be omitted in the case that it is determined that the description may make the subject matter of the disclosure unnecessarily unclear. The terms which will be described below are terms defined in consideration of the functions in the disclosure, and may be different according to users, intentions of the operators, or customs. Therefore, the definitions of the terms should be made based on the contents throughout the specification.

[0036] Herein, it will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations, may be performed based on computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded collectively onto at least one processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which perform through any one of, or in any combination of, the at least one processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for performing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s). These computer program instructions may also be stored in a non-transitory computer usable or computer-readable memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer usable or computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that perform the function specified in the flowchart block(s). The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a computer executed process such that the instructions that perform on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus provide steps for executing the functions specified in the flowchart block(s).

[0037] Further, each block may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which includes one or more executable instructions for executing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of the order. For example, two blocks(or functions) shown in succession may in fact be performed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be performed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

[0038] As used in embodiments of the disclosure, a “~unit” may refer to a software element or a hardware element, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), which performs a predetermined function. However, the term including the word “~unit” does not always have a meaning limited to software or hardware. The “~unit” may be constructed either to be stored in an addressable storage medium or to execute one or more processors. Therefore, the “~unit” includes, for example, software elements, object-oriented software elements, components such as class elements and task elements, processes, functions, properties, procedures, sub-routines, segments of a program code, drivers, firmware, micro-codes, circuits, data, database, data structures, tables, arrays, and parameters. The components and functions provided by the “~unit” may be either combined into a smaller number of components and a “~unit,” or divided into additional components and a “~unit.” Moreover, the components and “~units” may be implemented to reproduce one or more central processing units (CPUs) within a device or a security multimedia card. Further, in the embodiments, the “~unit” may include one or more processors.

[0039] It should be appreciated that the blocks in each flowchart and combinations of the flowcharts may be performed by one or more computer programs which include instructions. The entirety of the one or more computer programs may be stored in a single memory device or the one or more computer programs may be divided with different portions stored in different multiple memory devices.

[0040] Any of the functions or operations described herein can be processed by one processor or a combination of processors. The one processor or the combination of processors is circuitry performing processing and includes circuitry like an application processor (AP, e.g. a CPU), a communication processor (CP, e.g., a modem), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural processing unit (NPU) (e.g., an artificial intelligence (AI) chip), a Wi-Fi chip, a Bluetooth® chip, a global positioning system (GPS) chip, a near field communication (NFC) chip, connectivity chips, a sensor controller, a touch controller, a finger-print sensor controller, a display driver integrated circuit (IC), an audio CODEC chip, a universal serial bus (USB) controller, a camera controller, an image processing IC, a microprocessor unit (MPU), a system on chip (SoC), an IC, or the like.

[0041] It will be appreciated that various embodiments of the disclosure according to the claims and description in the specification can be realized in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software.

[0042] Any such software may be stored in non-transitory computer readable storage media. The non-transitory computer readable storage media store one or more computer programs (software modules), the one or more computer programs include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform a method of the disclosure.

[0043] Any such software may be stored in the form of volatile or non-volatile storage such as, for example, a storage device like read only memory (ROM), whether erasable or rewritable or not, or in the form of memory such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), memory chips, device or integrated circuits or on an optically or magnetically readable medium such as, for example, a compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), magnetic disk or magnetic tape or the like. It will be appreciated that the storage devices and storage media are various embodiments of non-transitory machine-readable storage that are suitable for storing a computer program or computer programs comprising instructions that, when executed, implement various embodiments of the disclosure. Accordingly, various embodiments of the present disclosure may provide a program comprising code for implementing apparatus or a method as claimed in any one of the claims of this specification and a non-transitory machine-readable storage storing such a program.

[0044] Hereinafter, the determination of priority between A and B in the present disclosure may refer to various actions such as selecting the one having a higher priority based on a predefined priority rule and performing an operation corresponding thereto, or omitting or dropping an operation corresponding to the one having a lower priority.

[0045] Hereinafter, "A or B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0046] In addition, "at least one of A, B, and C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0047] In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" as described in the present disclosure may be understood to include A, or B, or C, or any combination of A, B, and C.

[0048] Furthermore, "A / B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0049] Furthermore, "A, B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0050] Furthermore, "A and B" as described in the present disclosure may be understood as "A and / or B," which may include A, or B, or both A and B.

[0051] Furthermore, “if condition A and condition B are satisfied,” as described in the present disclosure, may not be limited to a case where both condition A and condition B are satisfied, but may be understood to include a case where either condition A or condition B is individually satisfied, both condition A and condition B are satisfied, or one or more additional conditions are satisfied in combination.

[0052] Furthermore, throughout this disclosure, ordinal terms such as "first," "second," "third," etc., (and similar qualifiers) are used merely to distinguish between different instances, occurrences, configurations, messages, stages, or aspects of elements, operations, or information as described herein. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the use of such ordinal terms does not itself require that the elements, operations, or information distinguished by these terms be structurally different, numerically distinct, or substantively dissimilar. For example, a "first signal" and a "second signal" may refer to instances of the same signal transmitted at different times or containing the same core information despite minor variations, or they may refer to signals with different content or characteristics, depending on the specific context. Similarly, a "first value" and a "second value" may represent the same magnitude but measured or applied in different circumstances, or they may represent different magnitudes. The interpretation should be guided by the specific technical context, function, and relationship described in the relevant portion of the specification and claims.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms “first ~”, “second ~”, etc., as described in the present disclosure with respect to various elements (e.g., information, objects, operation, sequences, or the like), should not limit those elements. These terms may only be intended to distinguish one element from another, and may not be intended to indicate a specific order. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element.

[0054] Furthermore, even if “first ~” and “second ~” are described in the present disclosure, it may be understood that element(s) referred to by “first ~” and “second ~” may be the same or different. For example, in case of element(s) being information, first information and second information may both be same information and, in some cases, are separate and different information.

[0055] In addition, the terms “if ~” and “in case that ~” as used in the disclosure or claims may be interpreted to include the meanings of “when (or upon) ~,” “in response to ~,” “based on ~,” or “according to ~,” and may be used interchangeably with these expressions. In addition, expressions other than those exemplified herein may also be used, as long as they have substantially the same meaning and do not impair the technical features of the present disclosure.

[0056] For example, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 (L1) signaling and may include downlink control information (DCI). In addition, the higher layer signaling may include a medium access control (MAC) control message, a radio resource control (RRC) signaling message, a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling. It should be noted, however, that the higher layer signaling is not limited to the aforementioned examples.

[0057] In addition, the term "not perform" as used in the present disclosure or claims may, in context, be understood to mean that the corresponding step is omitted or skipped. Such a term may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0058] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and B" as described in the present disclosure, may be understood as encompassing both (i) transmitting A and B in a single message, and (ii) transmitting A and B separately via multiple messages (e.g., transmitting a first message including A and a second message including B). This interpretation may also apply to messages that include two or more items (e.g., A, B, C), transmitted either together or separately.

[0059] In addition, "transmitting a message including A and transmitting a message including B" may also be interpreted as transmitting a message including A and B in a single message.

[0060] In the specific embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms or components included in the disclosure may be expressed in singular or plural form depending on the specific embodiments presented. However, such singular or plural expressions are selected appropriately for convenience of description, and the present disclosure is not limited to a singular or plural number of components. A component expressed in the plural form may be implemented as a single component, and a component expressed in the singular form may be implemented as multiple components.

[0061] The drawings or flowcharts described below illustrate exemplary methods that may be implemented according to the principles of the present disclosure, and various modifications may be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts of the present disclosure. For example, although illustrated as a series of steps, various steps in each drawing or flowchart may overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or be repeated. In other examples, any step may be omitted or replaced with another step.

[0062] The methods and apparatuses proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to each embodiment individually, but may also be applied in combination of all or some of the embodiments proposed in the disclosure. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be modified and applied without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure, as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0063] In this case, even if certain wordings are described differently across embodiments, they may be used interchangeably or in substitution or in combination if their underlying concepts are equivalent. For example, for the same or equivalent concept, even if one embodiment uses the expression "A" and another embodiment uses the expression "B", such expressions may be understood interchangeably, in substitution, or in combination.

[0064] The terms used in the following description to refer to access nodes, network entities, messages, interfaces between network entities, various types of identification information, and the like, are provided merely for the convenience of explanation by way of example. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the terms described below, and other terms having equivalent technical meanings may also be used. Such terms may also be interchangeable with terms defined in any 3rd generation partnership project　(3GPP) technical specifications (TS) where appropriate.

[0065] Hereinafter, a base station is an entity that allocates resources to terminals, and may be at least one of a gNode B, an eNode B, a Node B, a base station (BS), a wireless access unit, a BS controller, or a node on a network.

[0066] Furthermore, the base station of the present disclosure may include a split architecture comprising a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). In this structure, the CU is configured to process the higher layers of the control and user planes, while the DU is configured to process lower-layer radio resource functions. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be equally applicable to 5G base station architectures in which such CU and DU functional splits are implemented.

[0067] A terminal may include a UE, a mobile station (MS), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing communication functions.

[0068] In the disclosure, a downlink (DL) refers to a radio link through which a BS transmits a signal to a UE, and an uplink (UL) refers to a radio link through which a UE transmits a signal to a BS.

[0069] Furthermore, hereinafter, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technologies (e.g., 5G new radio (NR)), 6th generation (6G) mobile communication technologies may be described by way of example, but the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems having similar technical backgrounds or channel types. For example, newly evolved mobile communication systems developed after 5G and 6G may be included. Furthermore, based on determinations by those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to other communication systems (e.g., Wi-Fi systems) through some modifications without significantly departing from the scope of the present disclosure

[0070] In the following description, the terms physical channel and signal may be used interchangeably with data or control signal. For example, the term physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) refers to a physical channel through which data is transmitted, but the term PDSCH may also be used to refer to the data itself. That is, in the present disclosure, the expression "transmit a physical channel" may be interpreted as being equivalent to the expression "transmit data or a signal via a physical channel."

[0071] Hereinafter, in the context of the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of the following: master information block (MIB), system information block (SIB) or SIB M (M = 1, 2, ...), radio resource control (RRC), or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling message, or an application layer message. The RRC signaling message may be referred to as L3 (layer 3) signaling.

[0072] In addition, L1 signaling may refer to signaling corresponding to at least one or any combination of signaling techniques using the at least one or any combination of the following physical layer channels or signaling: physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), downlink control information (DCI), user equipment (UE)-specific DCI, group-common DCI, common DCI, scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI used for scheduling downlink or uplink data), non-scheduling DCI (e.g., DCI not used for scheduling downlink or uplink data) physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or uplink control information (UCI). The L1 signaling message may be referred to as a physical layer signaling.

[0073] Hereinafter, the expression that information is configured by the BS, as used in the present disclosure or claims, may, in context, be understood to mean that the terminal receives the corresponding information from the BS via a physical layer signaling or a higher layer signaling. Such an expression may be replaced with other terms having the same or substantially equivalent meaning.

[0074] Hereinafter, the operational principle of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0075] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 691,059 filed on September 5, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 692,371 filed on September 9, 2024. The above-identified provisional patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0076] The demand of wireless data traffic is rapidly increasing due to the growing popularity among consumers and businesses of smart phones and other mobile data devices, such as tablets, “note pad” computers, net books, eBook readers, and machine type of devices. In order to meet the high growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications and deployments, improvements in radio interface efficiency and coverage is of paramount importance.

[0077] To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4G communication systems, and to enable various vertical applications, 5G communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. The enablers for the 5G / NR mobile communications include massive antenna technologies, from legacy cellular frequency bands up to high frequencies, to provide beamforming gain and support increased capacity, new waveform (e.g., a new radio access technology [RAT]) to flexibly accommodate various services / applications with different requirements, new multiple access schemes to support massive connections, and so on.

[0078] Other technical features may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.

[0079] It may be advantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term “couple” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with one another. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well as derivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller may be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

[0080] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readable program code and embodied in a computer readable medium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes any type of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of memory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transport transitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computer readable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored and media where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

[0081] Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0082] FIGS. 1 through 13, discussed below, and the various embodiments used to describe the principles of this disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustration only and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of this disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.

[0083] To meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased since deployment of 4G communication systems and to enable various vertical applications, 5G / NR communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. The 5G / NR communication system is considered to be implemented in higher frequency (mmWave) bands, e.g., 28 GHz or 60GHz bands, so as to accomplish higher data rates or in lower frequency bands, such as 6 GHz, to enable robust coverage and mobility support. To decrease propagation loss of the radio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, an analog beam forming, large scale antenna techniques are discussed in 5G / NR communication systems.

[0084] In addition, in 5G / NR communication systems, development for system network improvement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancelation and the like.

[0085] The discussion of 5G systems and frequency bands associated therewith is for reference as certain embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in 5G systems.　 However, the present disclosure is not limited to 5G systems or the frequency bands associated therewith, and embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in connection with any frequency band. For example, aspects of the present disclosure may also be applied to deployment of 5G communication systems, 6G or even later releases which may use terahertz (THz) bands.

[0086] FIGS. 1-3B below describe various embodiments implemented in wireless communications systems and with the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication techniques. The descriptions of FIGS. 1-3B are not meant to imply physical or architectural limitations to the manner in which different embodiments may be implemented. Different embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in any suitably arranged communications system.

[0087] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0088] As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless network includes a gNB 101 (e.g., base station, BS), a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. The gNB 101 communicates with the gNB 102 and the gNB 103. The gNB 101 also communicates with at least one network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network.

[0089] The gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of user equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 of the gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which may be located in a small business; a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise; a UE 113, which may be a WiFi hotspot; a UE 114, which may be located in a first residence; a UE 115, which may be located in a second residence; and a UE 116, which may be a mobile device, such as a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, or the like. The gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of the gNBs 101-103 may communicate with each other and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G / NR, long term evolution (LTE), long term evolution-advanced (LTE-A), WiMAX, WiFi, or other wireless communication techniques.

[0090] Depending on the network type, the term “base station” or “BS” can refer to any component (or collection of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as transmit point (TP), transmit-receive point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G / NR base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a WiFi access point (AP), or other wirelessly enabled devices. Base stations may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., 5G / NR 3rdgeneration partnership project (3GPP) NR, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced (LTE-A), high speed packet access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a / b / g / n / ac, etc. For the sake of convenience, the terms “BS” and “TRP” are used interchangeably in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on the network type, the term “user equipment” or “UE” can refer to any component such as “mobile station,” “subscriber station,” “remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,” “receive point,” or “user device.” For the sake of convenience, the terms “user equipment” and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to remote wireless equipment that wirelessly accesses a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile telephone or smartphone) or is normally considered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0091] Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and 125, which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes of illustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending upon the configuration of the gNBs and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

[0092] As described in more detail below, one or more of the UEs 111-116 include circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof, for compact representation of FDSS filters. In certain embodiments, one or more of the gNBs 101-103 includes circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof, to support compact representation of FDSS filters in a wireless communication system.

[0093] Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network, various changes may be made to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless network could include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Also, the gNB 101 could communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband access to the network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 could communicate directly with the network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to the network 130. Further, the gNBs 101, 102, and / or 103 could provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0094] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless transmit and receive paths according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following description, a transmit path 200 may be described as being implemented in a gNB (such as gNB 102), while a receive path 250 may be described as being implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it will be understood that the receive path 250 can be implemented in a gNB and that the transmit path 200 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, the transmit path 200 and / or the receive path 250 is configured to implement and / or support compact representation of FDSS filters as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0095] The transmit path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block 205, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 210, a size N Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 220, an add cyclic prefix block 225, and an up-converter (UC) 230. The receive path 250 includes a down-converter (DC) 255, a remove cyclic prefix block 260, a serial-to-parallel (S-to-P) block 265, a size N Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block 270, a parallel-to-serial (P-to-S) block 275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

[0096] In the transmit path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as a low-density parity check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as with Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulation symbols. The serial-to-parallel block 210 converts (such as de-multiplexes) the serial modulated symbols to parallel data in order to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the IFFT / FFT size used in the gNB 102 and the UE 116. The size N IFFT block 215 performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate time-domain output signals. The parallel-to-serial block 220 converts (such as multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from the size N IFFT block 215 in order to generate a serial time-domain signal. The add cyclic prefix block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix to the time-domain signal. The up-converter 230 modulates (such as up-converts) the output of the add cyclic prefix block 225 to an RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal may also be filtered at baseband before conversion to the RF frequency.

[0097] A transmitted RF signal from the gNB 102 arrives at the UE 116 after passing through the wireless channel, and reverse operations to those at the gNB 102 are performed at the UE 116. The down-converter 255 down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and the remove cyclic prefix block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The serial-to-parallel block 265 converts the time-domain baseband signal to parallel time domain signals. The size N FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The parallel-to-serial block 275 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals to a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 280 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0098] Each of the gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmit path 200 that is analogous to transmitting in the downlink to UEs 111-116 and may implement a receive path 250 that is analogous to receiving in the uplink from UEs 111-116. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmit path 200 for transmitting in the uplink to gNBs 101-103 and may implement a receive path 250 for receiving in the downlink from gNBs 101-103.

[0099] Each of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2B can be implemented using only hardware or using a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a particular example, at least some of the components in FIGS. 2A and 2B may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented by configurable hardware or a mixture of software and configurable hardware. For instance, the FFT block 270 and the IFFT block 215 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, where the value of size N may be modified according to the implementation.

[0100] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is by way of illustration only and should not be construed to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other types of transforms, such as Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions, can be used. It will be appreciated that the value of the variable N may be any integer number (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or the like) for DFT and IDFT functions, while the value of the variable N may be any integer number that is a power of two (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or the like) for FFT and IFFT functions.

[0101] Although FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate examples of wireless transmit and receive paths, various changes may be made to FIGS. 2A and 2B. For example, various components in FIGS. 2A and 2B can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components can be added according to particular needs. Also, FIGS. 2A and 2B are meant to illustrate examples of the types of transmit and receive paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architectures can be used to support wireless communications in a wireless network.

[0102] FIG. 3A illustrates an example UE 116 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the UE 116 illustrated in FIG. 3A is for illustration only, and the UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration. However, UEs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 3A does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of a UE.

[0103] As shown in FIG. 3A, the UE 116 includes antenna(s) 305, a transceiver(s) 310, and a microphone 320. The UE 116 also includes a speaker 330, a processor 340, an input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 345, an input 350, a display 355, and a memory 360. The memory 360 includes an operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362.

[0104] The transceiver(s) 310 receives, from the antenna 305, an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the network 100. The transceiver(s) 310 down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is processed by RX processing circuitry in the transceiver(s) 310 and / or processor 340, which generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuitry sends the processed baseband signal to the speaker 330 (such as for voice data) or is processed by the processor 340 (such as for web browsing data).

[0105] TX processing circuitry in the transceiver(s) 310 and / or processor 340 receives analog or digital voice data from the microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the processor 340. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The transceiver(s) 310 up-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that is transmitted via the antenna(s) 305.

[0106] The processor 340 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute the OS 361 stored in the memory 360 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116. For example, the processor 340 could control the reception of DL channel signals and the transmission of UL channel signals by the transceiver(s) 310 in accordance with well-known principles. In some embodiments, the processor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0107] The processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes and programs resident in the memory 360, for example, processes for compact representation of FDSS filters as discussed in greater detail below. The processor 340 can move data into or out of the memory 360 as required by an executing process. In some embodiments, the processor 340 is configured to execute the applications 362 based on the OS 361 or in response to signals received from gNBs or an operator. The processor 340 is also coupled to the I / O interface 345, which provides the UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices, such as laptop computers and handheld computers. The I / O interface 345 is the communication path between these accessories and the processor 340.

[0108] The processor 340 is also coupled to the input 350, which includes for example, a touchscreen, keypad, etc., and the display 355. The operator of the UE 116 can use the input 350 to enter data into the UE 116. The display 355 may be a liquid crystal display, light emitting diode display, or other display capable of rendering text and / or at least limited graphics, such as from web sites.

[0109] The memory 360 is coupled to the processor 340. Part of the memory 360 could include a random-access memory (RAM), and another part of the memory 360 could include a Flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0110] Although FIG. 3A illustrates one example of UE 116, various changes may be made to FIG. 3A. For example, various components in FIG. 3A could be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be added according to particular needs. As a particular example, the processor 340 could be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). In another example, the transceiver(s) 310 may include any number of transceivers and signal processing chains and may be connected to any number of antennas. Also, while FIG. 3A illustrates the UE 116 configured as a mobile telephone or smartphone, UEs could be configured to operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices.

[0111] FIG. 3B illustrates an example gNB 102 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the gNB 102 illustrated in FIG. 3B is for illustration only, and the gNBs 101 and 103 of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration. However, gNBs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 3B does not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementation of a gNB.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 3B, the gNB 102 includes multiple antennas 370a-370n, multiple transceivers 372a-372n, a controller / processor 378, a memory 380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

[0113] The transceivers 372a-372n receive, from the antennas 370a-370n, incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs in the network 100. The transceivers 372a-372n down-convert the incoming RF signals to generate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by receive (RX) processing circuitry in the transceivers 372a-372n and / or controller / processor 378, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. The controller / processor 378 may further process the baseband signals.

[0114] Transmit (TX) processing circuitry in the transceivers 372a-372n and / or controller / processor 378 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 378. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate processed baseband or IF signals. The transceivers 372a-372n up-converts the baseband or IF signals to RF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 370a-370n.

[0115] The controller / processor 378 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 378 could control the reception of uplink (UL) channel signals and the transmission of downlink (DL) channel signals by the transceivers 372a-372n in accordance with well-known principles. The controller / processor 378 could support additional functions as well, such as more advanced wireless communication functions. For instance, the controller / processor 378 could support beam forming or directional routing operations in which outgoing / incoming signals from / to multiple antennas 370a-370n are weighted differently to effectively steer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. Any of a wide variety of other functions could be supported in the gNB 102 by the controller / processor 378.

[0116] The controller / processor 378 is also capable of executing programs and other processes resident in the memory 380, such as an OS and, for example, processes to support compact representation of FDSS filters as discussed in greater detail below. The controller / processor 378 can move data into or out of the memory 380 as required by an executing process.

[0117] The controller / processor 378 is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows the gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connection or over a network. The interface 382 could support communications over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the gNB 102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as one supporting 5G / NR, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 382 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs over a wired or wireless backhaul connection. When the gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the interface 382 could allow the gNB 102 to communicate over a wired or wireless local area network or over a wired or wireless connection to a larger network (such as the Internet). The interface 382 includes any suitable structure supporting communications over a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or transceiver.

[0118] The memory 380 is coupled to the controller / processor 378. Part of the memory 380 could include a RAM, and another part of the memory 380 could include a Flash memory or other ROM.

[0119] Although FIG. 3B illustrates one example of gNB 102, various changes may be made to FIG. 3B. For example, the gNB 102 could include any number of each component shown in FIG. 3B. Also, various components in FIG. 3B could be combined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components could be added according to particular needs.

[0120] Frequency Domain Spectral Shaping (FDSS) can be used to design low Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) waveforms. FDSS changes the underlying pulse shape that is carrying the modulation symbols. The pulses have sidelobes and these sidelobes add together creating peaks, thus increasing the PAPR. A well-designed pulse shape is able to minimize the overlapping sidelobes and is able to reduce PAPR. However, a simple design of pulse shapes to reduce the PAPR often results in Inter Symbol Interference (ISI), thus impacting link level performance. Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide for pulse shapes that can achieve multiple PAPR vs ISI tradeoffs. In some embodiments, such as the transmitter of FIG. 4, the pulse shapes are formed using a low dimensional Fourier basis using the symmetrical property of the pulses, thus they can be represented in compact forms.

[0121] FIG. 4 illustrates an example transmitter 400 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of a transmitter of FIG. 4 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of a transmitter could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0122] In the example of FIG. 4, it should be understood that in some embodiments, transmitter 400 may be combined with or replace one or more components of transmit path 200 of FIG. 2A in a UE or a gNB. In some embodiments, one or more components of transmitter 400 may be implemented in a processor.

[0123] Transmitter 400 includes a phase rotation block 402, a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) block 404, a spectral extension (SE) block 406, an FDSS block 408, a subcarrier mapping block 410, an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) block 412, and an add cyclic prefix (CP) block 414.

[0124] In transmitter 400, the phase rotation block receives as input an length data vector The elements are selected from a modulation constellation set. This modulation constellation set may contain any real, imaginary, or complex values. Examples for these modulation constellation sets are binary phase shift keying (BPSK), BPSK, QPSK, or any order of QAM. Any other modulation set is also possible such as an artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) optimized constellation set.

[0125] The phase rotation block 402 phase rotates the input data vector to generate a phase-rotated data vector similarly as described regarding operation 502 of FIG. 5.

[0126] The DFT block 404 transforms the phase-rotated data vector using DFT to generate DFT-transformed data similarly as described regarding operation 504 of FIG. 5.

[0127] The SE block 406, cyclically extends the DFT-transformed data to generate an extended data vector similarly as described regarding operation 506 of FIG. 5. In some embodiments, an additional cyclic shift of by is performed such that a new extended data vector where and denotes the modulo operation by similarly as described regarding operation 506 of FIG. 5.

[0128] The FDSS block 408 elementwise multiplies the extended data vector by FDSS coefficients according to to generate FDSS-processed data similarly as described regarding operation 508 of FIG. 5.

[0129] The subcarrier mapping block 410 maps the FDSS-processed data to subcarriers out of total of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data similarly as described regarding operation 510 of FIG. 5.

[0130] The inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) block 412 transforms the subcarrier-mapped data using IDFT to generate IDFT-transformed data similarly as described regarding operation 512 of FIG. 5.

[0131] The CP block 414 adds CPs to the DFT-transformed data to generate an output signal where is the length of the CP, similarly as described regarding operation 512 of FIG. 5.

[0132] Although FIG. 4 illustrates an example transmitter 400, various changes may be made to FIG. 4. For example, while illustrated with discrete components, the various components of transmitter 400 could be combined into a single component, etc. according to particular needs. Furthermore, while described as being implemented in a transmitter, the operations of the various components of FIG. 4 may be performed by another device, such as a processor. For example, one or more of the operations performed by the components of FIG. 4 could be performed by processor 340 of FIG. 3A, or processor 378 of FIG. 3B.

[0133] FIG. 5 illustrates an example procedure 500 for operation of a transmitter according to embodiments of the present disclosure. An embodiment of the procedure illustrated in FIG. 5 is for illustration only. One or more of the components illustrated in FIG. 5 may be implemented in specialized circuitry configured to perform the noted functions or one or more of the components may be implemented by one or more processors executing instructions to perform the noted functions. Other embodiments of a procedure for operation of a transmitter could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0134] In the example of FIG. 5, procedure 500 begins at operation 502. At operation 502, a transmitter (such as transmitter 400 of FIG. 4) phase rotates (e.g., by block 402 of transmitter 400) an input data vector according to

[0135] to generate The is specified using parameters such that is given by

[0136] In some embodiments, the parameters are obtained to satisfy the following conditions:

[0137]

[0138] where is any integer and is any nonzero integer. The is a set of even integers and is a set of odd integers. In alternatively, in some embodiments, is a set of odd integers and is a set of even integers.

[0139] In some embodiments, these conditions are achieved by setting where is any non-zero integer, for and is any real number. Such that

[0140]

[0141] Alternatively, in some embodiments, these conditions may be achieved by setting for only one where non-zero integers and is any real number. Such that for

[0142]

[0143] At operation 504, the transmitter transforms (e.g., by block 404 of transmitter 400) the phase rotated data using DFT as

[0144]

[0145] to obtain

[0146] At operation 506, the transmitter performs SE (e.g., by block 404 of transmitter 400) on the output as follows:

[0147] The transmitter is allocated with subcarriers. The communication network may support one or many SE ratios The SE ratios are specified as where . is a function of and where is the SE length. In some embodiments In some embodiments Alternatively, in some embodiments, the form for may be derived. However, once and at least one of the are given, can be found. For ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 refers to and 1 refers to Therefore, the SE length can range from 0 to is cyclically extended to find such that

[0148]

[0149] In some embodiments, an additional cyclic shift of by may be performed such that the new where denotes the modulo operation by

[0150] At operation 508, the transmitter elementwise multiplies (e.g., by block 408 of transmitter 400) the output by FDSS coefficients according to

[0151] to obtain

[0152] In some embodiments, for each , distinct FDSS filters are specified where the FDSS filter are specified using parameters

[0153] Based on the the FDSS coefficient is given by

[0154]

[0155] Where and denotes the modulo operation by

[0156] Table 1 lists the FDSS filters for a few SE ratios for Table 2 lists the FDSS filters for a few SE ratios for

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for the FDSS filters for are given by

[0160] (1)

[0161] FIG. 6 illustrates an example 600 of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of values of of FIG. 6 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of values of could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0162] In the example of FIG. 6, the values of are based on Table 2 and above equation (1) for

[0163] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for the FDSS filters for are given by

[0164] (2)

[0165] FIG. 7 illustrates another example 700 of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of values of of FIG. 7 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of values of could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0166] In the example of FIG. 7, the values of are based on Table 2 and above equation (2) for

[0167] At operation 510, the transmitter maps (e.g., by block 410 of transmitter 400) the output to subcarriers out of total of subcarriers As an example, this mapping may be circularly continuous such that

[0168]

[0169] where can take any value from 0 to

[0170] At operation 512, the transmitter transforms (e.g., by block 412 of transmitter 400) the output using IDFT as

[0171]

[0172] to obtain

[0173] At operation 514, the transmitter adds CPs (e.g., by block 414 of transmitter 400) to the IDFT transformed signal as

[0174]

[0175] Where is the length of CP.

[0176] Although FIG. 5 illustrates one example procedure 500 for operation of a transmitter, various changes may be made to FIG. 5. For example, while shown as a series of operations, various operations in FIG. 5 could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, occur any number of times, be omitted, or replaced by other operations.

[0177] While various techniques are described above herein to obtain FDSS filters, alternative approaches may be used to obtain FDSS filters.

[0178] In some embodiments, for each , distinct FDSS filters are specified where the FDSS filter is specified using parameters

[0179] Based on the the FDSS coefficient is given by

[0180]

[0181] Where and denotes the modulo operation by

[0182] Table 3 lists the FDSS filters for a few SE ratios for Table 4 lists the FDSS filters for a few SE ratios for

[0183]

[0184]

[0185] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for the FDSS filters for are given by

[0186] (3)

[0187] FIG. 8 illustrates another example 800 of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of values of of FIG. 8 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of values of could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0188] In the example of FIG. 8 the values of are based on Table 4 and above equation (3) for

[0189] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for the FDSS filters for are given by

[0190] (4)

[0191] FIG. 9 illustrates another example 900 of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of values of of FIG. 9 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of values of could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0192] In the example of FIG. 9, the values of are based on Table 4 and above equation (4) for

[0193] In some embodiments, based on the the FDSS coefficient is given by

[0194]

[0195] Where and denotes the modulo operation by

[0196] Table 5 lists the FDSS filters for a few SE ratios for

[0197]

[0198] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for the FDSS filters for are given by

[0199]

[0200] FIG. 10 illustrates another example 1000 of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of values of of FIG. 10 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of values of could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0201] In the example of FIG. 10, the values of are based on Table 5 and above equation (5) for

[0202] Alternatively, in some embodiments, for the FDSS filters for are given by

[0203] (6)

[0204] FIG. 11 illustrates another example 1100 of values of according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of values of of FIG. 11 is for illustration only. Different embodiments of values of could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0205] In the example of FIG. 11 the values of based on Table 4 and above equation (6) for

[0206] In some embodiments, in order to use the FDSS feature, a new signaling parameter “FDSS” is used to enable and disable the FDSS feature via signaling (such as RRC signaling). An example of RRC pseudo code for the signaling parameter is:

[0207] FDSS ::= ENUMERATED {enable, disable}

[0208] In some embodiments, the communication network may support multiple SEs. In some embodiments, a new field of “SEIndex”with distinct values may be used to identify SE ratios These can be represented using bits according to a specified bit mapping scheme. For example, for SEIndexcan be represented using bits as shown in Table 6. In another example, for SEIndexcan be represented using 2 bits as shown in Table 7.

[0209]

[0210]

[0211] AsSEIndexand bitmapping schemes are specified, with the use of signaling (such as RRC signaling) of the bits, both the transmitter and receiver shall have the knowledge of the chosenSEIndex, and in turn each can find the SE ratio.

[0212] If SE is defined as the example of Table 8 shows four possible versions ofSEIndex.

[0213]

[0214] An example of RRC pseudo code forSEIndexis

[0215] SEIndex ::= INTEGER {0,1,...,R-1}

[0216] As discussed herein, for each SE ratio , distinct FDSS filters are specified where the FDSS filter is represented by coefficients In some embodiments, a new field “FDSSFilterIndex” may be used to distinguish the distinct FDSS filters for in signaling (such as RRC signaling).TheFDSSFilterIndexcan be represented using bits. Examples of and are shown in Table 9 and 10.

[0217] For example, for FDSSFilterIndexcan be represented using bit as shown in Table 9. In another example, for FDSSFilterIndexcan be represented using 2 bits as shown in Table 10.

[0218]

[0219]

[0220] An example of RRC pseudo code forSEIndexis

[0221] FDSSFilterIndex ::= INTEGER { 0,1,...,T-1}

[0222] In some embodiments, based on these new additional parametersSEIndexandFDSSFilterIndex,uplink signaling may be performed as shown in FIG. 12.

[0223] FIG. 12 illustrates an example procedure 1200 for uplink signaling according to embodiments of the present disclosure. An embodiment of the procedure illustrated in FIG. 12 is for illustration only. One or more of the components illustrated in FIG. 12 may be implemented in specialized circuitry configured to perform the noted functions or one or more of the components may be implemented by one or more processors executing instructions to perform the noted functions. Other embodiments of a procedure for uplink signaling could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0224] In the example of FIG. 12, a gNB (such as BS 102 of FIG. 1) is operating as a receiver in the uplink, and a UE (such as UE 116 of FIG. 1) is operating as a transmitter.

[0225] Procedure 1200 begins at operation 1202. At operation 1202, the gNB enables FDSS for the UE using signaling. In some embodiments, operation 1202 may be performed using RRC signaling.

[0226] In some embodiments, the UE may transmit UE capabilities to the gNB.

[0227] At operation 1204, the gNB determines waveform and FDSS parameters for the UE based on the UE's capabilities.

[0228] At operation 1206, the gNB configures the parameters FDSSFilterIndexand other parameters for the UE. In some embodiments, the parameters may be configured for the UE using RRC signaling.

[0229] At operation 1208, the UE uses configured parametersSEIndexandFDSSFilterIndexto find FDSS coefficients and uses the FDSS coefficients with other parameters to generate a signal for transmission to the gNB.

[0230] At operation 1210, the UE transmits the signal to the gNB.

[0231] At operation 1212, the gNB demodulates the signal.

[0232] In some embodiments, to facilitate the above signaling, the PUSCH-Config of RRC signaling may be amended as follows:

[0233] PUSCH-Config ::= SEQUENCE {

[0234] FDSS ::= ENUMERATED {enable,disable}

[0235] SEIndex ::= INTEGER {0,1,...,R-1}

[0236] FDSSFilterIndex ::= INTEGER { 0,1,...,T-1}

[0237] }

[0238] Although FIG. 12 illustrates one example procedure 1200 for uplink signaling, various changes may be made to FIG. 12. For example, while shown as a series of operations, various operations in FIG. 12 could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, occur any number of times, be omitted, or replaced by other operations.

[0239] FIG. 13 illustrates an example method 1300 for compact representation of FDSS filters according to embodiments of the present disclosure. An embodiment of the method illustrated in FIG. 13 is for illustration only. One or more of the components illustrated in FIG. 13 may be implemented in specialized circuitry configured to perform the noted functions or one or more of the components may be implemented by one or more processors executing instructions to perform the noted functions. Other embodiments of a method for compact representation of FDSS filters could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0240] In the example of FIG. 13, method 1300 begins at operation 1302. At operation 1302, an electronic device (such as UE 116 or BS 102 of FIG. 1) phase rotates an input data vector of lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector. For example, the phase rotation may be performed similarly as described regarding operation 502 of FIG. 5.

[0241] In some embodiments, the data vector is equal to and the data vector is phase rotated according to a function generating the phase rotated data vectorequal to

[0242] At operation 1304, the electronic device performs a DFT on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data. For example, the DFT may be performed similarly as described regarding operation 504 of FIG. 5.

[0243] At operation 1306, the electronic device applies spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector. For example, the spectral extension may be applied similarly as described regarding operation 506 of FIG. 5.

[0244] At operation 1308, the electronic device performs FDSS by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data. For example, the FDSS may be performed similarly as described regarding operation 508 of FIG. 5.

[0245] In some embodiments, the electronic device determines the FDSS coefficients by applying modulo operations to a cyclically shifted version of the extended data vector, wherein the modulo operation is performed on a plurality of subcarriers (e.g., the subcarriers at operation 1310).

[0246] In some embodiments, the electronic device determines the FDSS coefficients based on filters indicated for each of a plurality of spectral extension (SE) ratios. In these embodiments, the filters are represented by a set of coefficients, and the FDSS coefficients are generated using a predetermined number of parameters and a predetermined formula.

[0247] In some embodiments, the electronic device is a UE, and the UE receives, from a BS, a signal including a first parameter indicating an SE ratio from the plurality of SE ratios, and a second parameter indicating an FDSS filter corresponding with the SE ratio. In some embodiments, the first parameter and the second parameter are selected by the BS based on at least one capability of the UE.

[0248] At operation 1310, the electronic device maps the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data. For example, the mapping may be performed similarly as described regarding operation 510 of FIG. 5.

[0249] At operation 1312, the electronic device performing an IDFT on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data. For example, the IDFT may be performed similarly as described regarding operation 512 of FIG. 5.

[0250] At operation 1314, the electronic device adds a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal. For example, the cyclic prefix may be added similarly as described regarding operation 514 of FIG. 5.

[0251] At operation 1316, the electronic device transmits the output signal.

[0252] In some embodiments, the electronic device is a UE, and the UE receives, from a BS signal including a parameter enabling the performance of FDSS at the UE. In these embodiments, phase rotating the data vector and performing FDSS on the extended data vectorare performed based on the signal including the parameter.

[0253] Although FIG. 13 illustrates one example procedure 1300 for compact representation of FDSS filters, various changes may be made to FIG. 13. For example, while shown as a series of operations, various operations in FIG. 13 could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, occur any number of times, be omitted, or replaced by other operations.

[0254] FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a terminal or user equipment (UE) 1400 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Furthermore , the UE of FIG. 14 may correspond to UE (or terminal) of FIG. 3A.

[0255] The terminal is an electronic device capable of wireless communication, may include a User Equipment (UE), a portable phone, a smartphone, a tablet, an Internet of things (IoT) device, etc., having various form factors, and may perform wireless communication with a base station (BS) through a wireless channel.

[0256] Referring to FIG. 14, the UE 1400 may include at least one transceiver (hereinafter, referred to as simply “transceiver”) 1401, at least one processor (hereinafter, referred to as simply “processor”) 1402, and at least one memory (hereinafter, referred to as simply “memory”) 1403. According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the transceiver 1401, the processor 1402, and the memory 1403 of the UE 1400 may operate. However, components of the UE 1400 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 14. In another embodiment, the UE 1400 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in some embodiments, any combination of the transceiver 1401, the processor 1402, or the memory 1403 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0257] The transceiver 1401 may be a communication circuit or communication circuitry that enables the UE 1400 to perform wireless communication with a node or an entity of a network. For example, the transceiver 1401 may enable the UE 1400 to transmit or receive a signal to or from a BS through cellular communication, or to transmit or receive a signal to or from another UE through cellular communication. For example, the transceiver 1401 may support at least one of various cellular communication technologies including 3rd generation (3G), 4thgeneration (4G), long term evolution (LTE), 5th generation (5G) NR, 6thgeneration (6G), and various cellular wireless communication technologies supported by the transceiver (1401) may include all subsequent generations of evolved wireless communications.

[0258] According to an embodiment, the UE 1400 may include a plurality of transceivers. For example, in the case of supporting evolved-universal terrestrial radio access-new radio (E-UTRA-NR) sual connectivity (EN-DC), the UE 1400 may include a first transceiver supporting the 4G LTE wireless communication and a second transceiver supporting the 5G NR wireless communication. According to another embodiment, in the case of supporting NR-dual connectivity (NR-DC), the UE 1400 may include a plurality of transceivers supporting the 5G NR wireless communication. According to still another embodiment, in the case of supporting near field wireless communication, the UE 1400 may separately include a transceiver supporting at least one standard in the group of wireless communication protocol standards as defined in the protocol standards for Bluetooth®, wireless local area network (WLAN) network (including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11-2016 standard or its amendments, e.g., 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az, 802.11ba, and 802.11be, without being limited thereto).

[0259] According to an embodiment, the transceiver 1401 may include various circuit structures used to transmit or receive signals to or from a BS through a wireless channel. The signals may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver 1401 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of a transmitted signal and an RF receiver for low-noise-amplifying a received signal and down-converting the frequency thereof. The transceiver 1401 may output a signal received through a wireless channel to the processor 1402 and may transmit, through a wireless channel, a signal output from the processor 1402.

[0260] The processor 1402 may control general operations of the UE 1400 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1402 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1402 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1403, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1402 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme.

[0261] The processor 1402 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the transceiver 1401 to control the transceiver 1401.

[0262] The processor 1402 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. For example, the processor 1402 may include a communication processor (CP) configured to control communication operations and an application processor (AP) configured to control execution of an upper layer (for example, an application layer) . In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1402 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1402 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the transceiver 1401 or the memory 1403.

[0263] The processor 1402 may perform or control or cause an operation of the UE 1400 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1402 may control operations of the UE 1400 for processing a downlink signal received from a BS or generating and transmitting an uplink signal to a BS. To this end, the processor 1402 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1403, so as to control other components of the UE 1400 to enable execution of various operations.

[0264] The memory 1403 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1403 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0265] The memory 1403 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1402 and may be accessed by the processor 1402.

[0266] The memory 1403 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1402. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1402 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1403, the processor 1402 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0267] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the UE 1400 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1403 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0268] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a base station (BS) 1500 according to an embodiment of the disclosure. Furthermore, the base station of FIG. 15 may correspond to the base station of FIG. 3B.

[0269] The BS 1500 may perform wireless communication with at least one user equipment (UE) located within the area of the BS 1500 through a wireless channel.

[0270] Referring to FIG. 15, the BS 1500 may include at least one transceiver (hereinafter, referred to as simply “transceiver”) 1501, at least one processor (hereinafter, referred to as simply “processor”) 1502, and at least one memory (hereinafter, referred to as simply “memory”) 1503. According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the transceiver 1501, the processor 1502, and the memory 1503 of the BS 1500 may operate. However, components of the BS 1500 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 15. In another embodiment, the BS 1500 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in some embodiments, any combination of the transceiver 1501, the processor 1502, or the memory 1503 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0271] The transceiver 1501 may be a communication circuit or communication circuitry that enables the BS 1500 to perform wireless communication with a node or an entity of a network. For example, the transceiver 1501 may enable the BS 1500 to transmit or receive a signal to or from the UE 1400 through cellular communication, or to transmit or receive a signal to or from another network entity through wireless communication. For example, the transceiver 1501 may support various cellular communication technologies including 3rd generation (3G), 4thgeneration (4G), long term evolution (LTE), 5th generation (5G) NR, 6thgeneration (6G), and various cellular wireless communication technologies supported by the transceiver (1501) may include all subsequent generations of evolved wireless communications. According to an embodiment, the transceiver 1501 may include various circuit structures used to transmit or receive signals to or from a UE through a wireless channel. The signals may include control information and data. For example, the transceiver 1501 may include a radio frequency (RF) transmitter for up-converting and amplifying the frequency of a transmitted signal and an RF receiver for low-noise-amplifying a received signal and down-converting the frequency thereof. The transceiver 1501 may output a signal received through a wireless channel to the processor 1502 and may transmit, through a wireless channel, a signal output from the processor 1502.

[0272] Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the BS 1500 may perform communication with a node or an entity of a network through wired or wireless communication. For example, the BS 1500 may perform wired or wireless communication with an adjacent BS, or a node or an entity of a core network through a backhaul network. Although not illustrated in FIG. 15, when the BS 1500 performs wired communication, the BS 1500 may further include a separate network interface for wired communication in addition to the transceiver 1501. The network interface may be referred to as network interface circuitry or communication interface circuitry.

[0273] The processor 1502 may control general operations of the BS 1500 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1502 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1502 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1503, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1502 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme.

[0274] The processor 1502 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the transceiver 1501 to control the transceiver 1501.

[0275] The processor 1502 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1502 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1502 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the transceiver 1501 or the memory 1503.

[0276] The processor 1502 may perform or control or cause an operation of the BS 1500 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1502 may control operations of the BS 1500 for generating and transmitting a downlink signal to a UE or processing an uplink signal received from a UE. Otherwise, the BS 1500 may transmit or receive a signal to or from a neighboring BS, transfer a signal received from a UE to an upper node of the network, or transmit a signal transferred from an upper node of the network to a UE. To this end, the processor 1502 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1503, so as to control other components of the BS 1500 to enable execution of various operations.

[0277] The memory 1503 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1503 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0278] The memory 1503 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1502 and may be accessed by the processor 1502.

[0279] The memory 1503 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1502. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1502 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1503, the processor 1502 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0280] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the BS 1500 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1503 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0281] The UE or the base station may perform various communication procedures related to the control plane or the user plane by cooperating with one or more network entities based on wireless communication. For example, the UE may communicate with network entity such as an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) or a Session Management Function (SMF) via the base station, or the base station may perform at least one communication procedure by directly transmitting and receiving signals to / from, or relaying signals between, the network entities.

[0282] The structure of the above-described network entity will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0283] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a network entity 1600 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0284] The network entity 1600 may include an entity (apparatus, device, or server, etc.) that performs one or more network functions (NFs) or a part of a network function constituting a core network (e.g., a 5th generation (5G) core (5GC)) in a communication system. In this case, multiple NFs may be implemented within a single network entity, or a single NF may be distributed and implemented across a plurality of network entities. In addition, when an NF is implemented within the network entity, the NF may be implemented in the form of software, and in such a case, a program for operating the NF may be stored in memory of the network entity 1600.

[0285] A single NF may be implemented by one or more instances, which may be deployed on the same network entity or distributed across multiple network entities to operate. The instance may be a software unit that logically executes a specific network function, and may be implemented in a form that is decoupled from physical hardware resources. Further, one or more NFs may be implemented in the form of one network slice to operate to satisfy specifications required by a particular service.

[0286] The NF may include at least one of an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), a local session management function (L-SMF), a user plane function (UPF), a local user plane function (L-UPF), a policy control function (PCF), a unified data management (UDM), a unified data repository (UDR), a network exposure function (NEF), a network repository function (NRF), an application function (AF), a network slice selection function (NSSF), a network data analytics function (NWDAF), a network slice admission control function (NSACF), an authentication server function (AUSF), or a data network (DN).

[0287] Referring to FIG. 16, the network entity 1600 may include at least one network interface 1601, at least one processor 1602 (hereinafter, “processor”), and at least one memory 1603 (hereinafter, “memory”). As described above, a NF may be implemented in the form of a physical device such as the network entity 1600, or may be virtualized and executed in the form of an instance. When implemented as an instance, the NF need not necessarily include physical components as illustrated in FIG. 16. In such a case, the instance may be logically represented as comprising one or more logical functional elements.

[0288] According to at least one or a combination of methods corresponding to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, the network interface 1601, the processor 1602, and the memory 1603 of the network entity 1600 may operate. However, components of the network entity 1600 are not limited to the exemplary components illustrated in FIG. 16. In another embodiment, the network entity 1600 may further include additional components in addition to the above-mentioned components, or some components may be omitted. Further, in an embodiment, the network interface 1601, the processor 1602, or the memory 1603 may be integrated in the form of one component.

[0289] The network interface 1601 is a collective term for a transmitter part of the network entity 1600 and a receiver part of the network entity 1600, and may be a communication circuit for transmitting or receiving a signal to or from a user equipment (UE), a base station (BS), or another network entity. Here, the communication circuit may include both a communication circuit for wireless communication and a communication circuit for a wired communication. For example, the network interface 1601 may include a circuit, logic, hardware, etc., configured to exchange a control plane message or a user plane message with a UE, a BS, or other core network entities through wireless communication or wired communication. The network interface 1601 may operate using various protocols (e.g., non-access stratum (NAS) protocol). The network interface 1601 may also be referred to, for convenience of description or depending on implementation, as communication circuitry, network interface circuitry, or a communication interface circuitry.

[0290] The processor 1602 may control general operations of the network entity 1600 according to embodiments of the disclosure. The processor 1602 may be implemented by one or more integrated circuit (or circuitry) (IC) chips and may execute various data processings. The processor 1602 may include at least one electric circuit, and may execute instructions (or a program, codes, data, etc.) stored in the memory 1603, individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. Further, the processor 1602 may include a single-core processor or multi-core processor, and may include a processor assembly including a plurality of processing circuits (circuitry) according to a specific implementation scheme. Further, it should be noted that, according to another embodiment, in a case where NF is implemented in the form of an instance, the network function may be not necessarily configured by physical hardware.

[0291] According to an embodiment, the processor 1602 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the network interface 1601 to control the network interface 1601.

[0292] The processor 1602 may include at least one processor (or processing circuitry), and the at least one processor may perform the following operations individually, collectively or in any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, at least a part of the processor 1602 may be included in one chip and the other part of the processor 1602 may be included in another chip. Otherwise, at least one processor may be included in another component, for example, the network interface 1601 or the memory 1603.

[0293] The processor 1602 may perform or control or cause an operation of the network entity 1600 for executing at least one or a combination of methods according to embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the processor 1602 may control operations of the network entity 1600 for exchanging a control plane message or a user plane message with a UE, a BS, or other core network entities through wireless or wired communication, using various protocols (e.g., NAS protocol). To this end, the processor 1602 may execute a computer program, codes, or instructions stored in the memory 1603, so as to control other components of the network entity 1600 to enable execution of various operations.

[0294] The memory 1603 corresponds to a hardware storage device capable of temporarily or permanently storing information and may include one or more storage media. For example, the memory 1603 may include a memory assembly including one or more storage media. For example, the one or more storage media may include permanent memory, such as a hard drive, flash memory, or read-only memory (ROM), semipermanent memory, such as random access memory (RAM), cache memory, or a combination thereof.

[0295] The memory 1603 may be electrically, operatively, or communicatively coupled to the processor 1602 and may be accessed by the processor 1602.

[0296] The memory 1603 may store a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1602. According to an embodiment, a computer program, codes, or instructions executable by the processor 1602 may be either stored in a single memory device or separated and distributedly stored in two or more memory devices. By executing the instructions stored in the memory 1603, the processor 1602 may perform various functions according to an embodiment of the disclosure.

[0297] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, operations of the network entity 1600 may be caused to be performed based on execution of instructions (or a computer program or codes) stored in the memory 1603 by at least one processor (or processing circuitry) configured to execute the same individually, collectively, or in any combination thereof, based on processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions, and / or based on components of processing circuitry that is not configured to execute instructions.

[0298] In one embodiment, an electronic device is provided, which comprises: at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; and at least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the electronic device to:phase rotate an input data vector u of length Md according to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector; perform a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data; apply spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector; perform frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data; map the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data; perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data; add a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal; and transmit the output signal.

[0299] In another embodiment, the electronic device is provded, wherein the instructions further cause the electronic device to determine the FDSS coefficients by applying modulo operations to a cyclically shifted version of the extended data vector, wherein the modulo operation is performed on the plurality of subcarriers.

[0300] In another embodiment, the electronic device is provded, wherein: the instructions further cause the electronic device to determine the FDSS coefficients based on filters indicated for each of a plurality of spectral extension (SE) ratios; the filters are represented by a set of coefficients; and the FDSS coefficients are generated using a predetermined number of parameters and a predetermined formula.

[0301] In another embodiment, the electronic device is provded, wherein the electronic device is a UE; and the instructions further cause the UE to receive, from a base station (BS), a signal including a first parameter indicating an SE ratio from the plurality of SE ratios, and a second parameter indicating an FDSS filter corresponding with the SE ratio.

[0302] In another embodiment, the electronic device is provded, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are selected by the BS based on at least one capability of the UE.

[0303] In another embodiment, the electronic device is provded, wherein the data vector u is equal to [u(0),u(1),...,u(M_d-1)]; and the data vector u is phase rotated according to a function v(m)=u(m) e^(-(j2π _m) / M_d ), generating the phase rotated data vector equal to [v(0),v(1),...,v(M_d-1)].

[0304] In another embodiment, the electronic device is provded, wherein the electronic device is a UE; the instructions further cause the UE to: receive, from a base station (BS), a signal including a parameter enabling the performance of FDSS at the UE; and phase rotate the data vector u and perform FDSS on the extended data vector based on the signal including the parameter.

[0305] In one embodiment, a method of operating an electronic device is provided, which comprises: phase rotating an input data vector u of length Md according to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector; performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data; applying spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector; performing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data; mapping the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data; performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data; adding a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal; and transmitting the output signal.

[0306] In another embodiment, the method is provided, which further comprises determining the FDSS coefficients by applying modulo operations to a cyclically shifted version of the extended data vector, wherein the modulo operation is performed on the plurality of subcarriers.

[0307] In another embodiment, the method is provided, which further comprises determining the FDSS coefficients based on filters indicated for each of a plurality of spectral extension (SE) ratios, wherein the filters are represented by a set of coefficients, and the FDSS coefficients are generated using a predetermined number of parameters and a predetermined formula.

[0308] In another embodiment, the method is provided, wherein: the electronic device is a UE; and the method further comprises receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal including a first parameter indicating an SE ratio from the plurality of SE ratios, and a second parameter indicating an FDSS filter corresponding with the SE ratio.

[0309] In another embodiment, the method is provided, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are selected by the BS based on at least one capability of the UE.

[0310] In another embodiment, the method is provided, wherein: the data vector u is equal to [u(0),u(1),...,u(M_d-1)]; and the data vector u is phase rotated according to a function v(m)=u(m) e^(-(j2π _m) / M_d ), generating the phase rotated data vector equal to [v(0),v(1),...,v(M_d-1)].

[0311] In another embodiment, the method is provided, wherein: the electronic device is a UE; and the method further comprises: receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal including a parameter enabling the performance of FDSS at the UE; and phase rotating the data vector u and performing FDSS on the extended data vector based on the signal including the parameter.

[0312] In one embodiment, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media is provided, which stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform operations, wherein the operations comprise: phase rotating an input data vector u of length Md according to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector; performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data; applying spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector; performing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data; mapping the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data; performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data; adding a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal; and transmitting the output signal.

[0313] In another embodiment, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media is provided, which stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform operations, wherein the operations comprise: determining the FDSS coefficients by applying modulo operations to a cyclically shifted version of the extended data vector, wherein the modulo operation is performed on the plurality of subcarriers.

[0314] In another embodiment, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media is provided, which stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform operations, wherein the operations comprise: determining the FDSS coefficients based on filters indicated for each of a plurality of spectral extension (SE) ratios, wherein the filters are represented by a set of coefficients, and the FDSS coefficients are generated using a predetermined number of parameters and a predetermined formula.

[0315] In another embodiment, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media is provided, wherein: the device is a UE; and wherein the operations comprise: receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal including a first parameter indicating an SE ratio from the plurality of SE ratios, and a second parameter indicating an FDSS filter corresponding with the SE ratio.

[0316] In another embodiment, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media is provided, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are selected by the BS based on at least one capability of the UE.

[0317] In another embodiment, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media is provided, wherein: the device is a UE; and wherein wherein the operations comprise: receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal including a parameter enabling the performance of FDSS at the UE; and phase rotating the data vector u and performing FDSS on the extended data vector based on the signal including the parameter.

[0318] Any of the above variation embodiments can be utilized independently or in combination with at least one other variation embodiment. The above flowcharts illustrate example methods that can be implemented in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure and various changes could be made to the methods illustrated in the flowcharts herein. For example, while shown as a series of steps, various steps in each figure could overlap, occur in parallel, occur in a different order, or occur multiple times. In another example, steps may be omitted or replaced by other steps.

[0319] Meanwhile, although specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined by the claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1.An electronic device comprising:at least one transceiver;at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one transceiver; andat least one memory, communicatively coupled to the at least one processor, storing instructions executable by the at least one processor individually or in any combination to cause the electronic device to:phase rotate an input data vectorof lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector;perform a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data;apply spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector;perform frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data;map the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data;perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data;add a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal; andtransmit the output signal.2.The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the electronic device to determine the FDSS coefficients by applying modulo operations to a cyclically shifted version of the extended data vector, wherein the modulo operation is performed on the plurality of subcarriers.3.The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:the instructions further cause the electronic device to determine the FDSS coefficients based on filters indicated for each of a plurality of spectral extension (SE) ratios;the filters are represented by a set of coefficients; andthe FDSS coefficients are generated using a predetermined number of parameters and a predetermined formula.4.The electronic device of claim 3, wherein:the electronic device is a UE; andthe instructions further cause the UE to receive, from a base station (BS), a signal including a first parameter indicating an SE ratio from the plurality of SE ratios, and a second parameter indicating an FDSS filter corresponding with the SE ratio.5.The electronic device of claim 4, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are selected by the BS based on at least one capability of the UE.6.The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:the data vectoris equal toandthe data vectoris phase rotated according to a functiongenerating the phase rotated data vectorequal to7.The electronic device of claim 1, wherein:the electronic device is a UE;the instructions further cause the UE to:receive, from a base station (BS), a signal including a parameter enabling the performance of FDSS at the UE; andphase rotate the data vectorand perform FDSS on the extended data vectorbased on the signal including the parameter.8.A method of operating an electronic device, the method comprising:phase rotating an input data vectorof lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector;performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data;applying spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector;performing frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data;mapping the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data;performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data;adding a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal; andtransmitting the output signal.9.The method of claim 8, further comprising determining the FDSS coefficients by applying modulo operations to a cyclically shifted version of the extended data vector, wherein the modulo operation is performed on the plurality of subcarriers.10.The method of claim 8, further comprising determining the FDSS coefficients based on filters indicated for each of a plurality of spectral extension (SE) ratios,wherein the filters are represented by a set of coefficients, and the FDSS coefficients are generated using a predetermined number of parameters and a predetermined formula.11.The method of claim 10, wherein:the electronic device is a UE; andthe method further comprises receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal including a first parameter indicating an SE ratio from the plurality of SE ratios, and a second parameter indicating an FDSS filter corresponding with the SE ratio.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the first parameter and the second parameter are selected by the BS based on at least one capability of the UE.13.The method of claim 8, wherein:the data vectoris equal toandthe data vectoris phase rotated according to a functiongenerating the phase rotated data vectorequal to14.The method of claim 8, wherein:the electronic device is a UE; andthe method further comprises:receiving, from a base station (BS), a signal including a parameter enabling the performance of FDSS at the UE; andphase rotating the data vectorand performing FDSS on the extended data vectorbased on the signal including the parameter.15.One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by at least one processor of an electronic device individually or collectively, cause the electronic device to perform operations, the operations comprising:phase rotate an input data vectorof lengthMdaccording to predetermined phase rotation parameters, to generate a phase-rotated data vector;perform a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the phase-rotated data vector to generate DFT-transformed data;apply spectral extension to the transformed data by cyclically extending the DFT-transformed data to produce an extended data vector;perform frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) by element-wise multiplication of the extended data vector with FDSS coefficients to generate FDSS-processed data;map the FDSS-processed data onto a plurality of subcarriers to generate subcarrier-mapped data;perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the subcarrier-mapped data to generate IDFT-transformed data;add a cyclic prefix to the IDFT-transformed data to generate an output signal; andtransmit the output signal.

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