Preparation process of salicylate compounds
A safer and more efficient process for producing salicylate compounds using controlled carbon monoxide reactions with safer solvents and optimized conditions addresses the inefficiencies of current methods, achieving high yields and purity for large-scale production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-19
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for preparing salicylate compounds, particularly 4, 4'-dihydroxy-[1, 1'-biphenyl]-3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid, are inefficient, unsafe, and unsuitable for large-scale production due to the use of hazardous solvents and high-pressure conditions, posing safety hazards and environmental risks.
A process involving the reaction of Compound I or III with a base under carbon monoxide pressure, using safer solvents like diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and controlled temperatures (150-230°C) to produce salicylate compounds, including monosalicylate and disalicylate compounds, with specific molar ratios and reaction conditions to enhance efficiency and safety.
The process achieves high yields and purity of salicylate compounds, reducing the need for hazardous solvents and high-pressure conditions, making it safer and more efficient for large-scale production.
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Figure PCTCN2024118701-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024118701-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Preparation Process of Salicylate CompoundsFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of salicylate compounds, especially a process for the preparation of 4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Carbon dioxide, a mainly by-product from the combustion of fossil fuels for producing heat and electricity, is a major contributor to global warming and ocean acidification. Energy systems will likely still rely on the combustion of fossil fuels in short term. Therefore, there is an urgent need for efficient gas separation technologies.
[0003] Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) , microporous crystalline solids constructed by covalently bonding of metal ions or clusters with organic ligands, has demonstrated promising results in selectively adsorbing gases such as carbon dioxide at lower temperature and releasing them at higher temperature. This process has been proposed as a method to mitigate the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. 4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid is one of the most important ligands for preparing MOFs. The current methods for the preparation of the ligand are relatively inefficient, which impacts the commercial application of MOFs.
[0004] The most conventional method for the preparation of salicylate or disalicylate compounds is Kolbe-Schmitt reaction and / or an improved Marasse synthesis, however they are gas-solid phase synthesis, which require strict anhydrous condition and produce a variety of by-products due to the inhomogeneous mass transfer between the two phases. Other alternative synthesis methods require high cost starting materials as well as catalysts and ligands such as crossing-coupling reactions. Thus, what is need for the synthesis of disalicylate compounds that should be able to be scaled up and readily for manufacturing production in a greener, safer and highly efficient manner.
[0005] In connection to the particularly synthesis of 4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid by reacting 4, 4'-biphenol with potassium hydrogen carbonate and carbon dioxide using trichlorobenzene (TCB) as a solvent in over 250 ℃ in a steel acid digestion bomb provided desired target compound in moderate yield in a small-scale reaction. However, this method is not suitable for scale up due to the unstirrable, high temperature and pressure reaction system. An improved method for the preparation of this compound was reported by the reaction of 4, 4'-biphenol in an amide solvent (preferably in DMF) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate at 200 ℃ (U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2021 / 0230092 A1) . However, DMF is a potential safety hazards and a solvent that is incompatible with various substances including acids, bases, halogenated reagents, oxidants and reductants, and it has resulted in many incidents in synthetic organic chemistry (Yang, Q., et al. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2020, 24, 1586-1601) . Another improved method for the synthesis of 4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid is the carboxylation of 4, 4’-biphenol with a base and carbon dioxide in 50%1, 4-dioxane aqueous (International Publication Number WO 2023 / 147354) . However, 1, 4-dioxane is a highly toxic solvent both for humans and animals, and the kidneys, liver, and lungs are the main targets for high airborne concentrations of 1, 4-dioxane. What’s more, several cases of death in humans have been documented after exposure to high concentration of 1, 4-dioxane.
[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a practical scalable process that can prepare salicylate compounds such as 4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid in a greener, safer and highly efficient manner.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention is directed to the processes for preparing monosalicylate or disalicylate compounds in large scale and has been made in great progress to address the issues mentioned above.
[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of salicylate compounds, comprising the step: under the carbon monoxide, using a base to react with Compound I so as to obtain Compound II:
[0009] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heteroaryl; or
[0010] R1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R3 and R4 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl;
[0011] with the proviso that when R3 is H, R1 is other than unsubstituted or hydroxy substituted benzene, biphenyl or naphthalene;
[0012] and the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, sulfydryl, hydroxy, carboxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, naphthyl, and 5-7 membered heteroaryl.
[0013] In another preferred embodiment, one of the hydrogen on the ortho-position of hydroxy in R1, R2, R3 and / or R4 are substituted by carboxyl during the reaction.
[0014] In another preferred embodiment, when R1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R3 and R4 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl, one of the hydrogen adjacent to hydroxy substituent in the aryl or heterocyclyl would be replaced by carboxyl during the reaction.
[0015] In another preferred embodiment, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; while the 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R0;
[0016] R0 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;
[0017] and at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is selected from the group consisting of 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; and the group is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R0.
[0018] In another preferred embodiment, R1, R2 and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or C1-6 alkyl;
[0019] R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; and biphenylyl, phenyl, or naphthyl is optionally substituted by one 1 or 2 R0;
[0020] R0 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0021] In another preferred embodiment, R1 and R4 are hydrogen;
[0022] R2 and R3 together with the ring atom to which they connected form a C6-14 aryl, and one or more hydrogens on the C6-14 aryl are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0023] In another preferred embodiment, R1 and R4 are hydrogen;
[0024] R2 and R3 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a phenyl, naphthyl or anthranyl;
[0025] and one or more hydrogens on the phenyl, naphthyl or anthranyl are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0026] In another preferred embodiment, the compound I is selected from the group consisting of:
[0027] and the corresponding compound II is selected from the group consisting of:
[0028] wherein X is each dependently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0029] In another preferred embodiment, the base is selected from the group consisting of KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaH, or the combinations thereof.
[0030] In another preferred embodiment, the base is selected from the group consisting of K2CO3, KHCO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, or the combinations thereof.
[0031] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to base is 1: (1-10) .
[0032] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to base is 1: (1-5) .
[0033] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to base is 1: (2-3) .
[0034] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in presence of a solvent selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Ra- (OCH2CH2) n-Rb, or the combinations thereof,
[0035] wherein Ra and Rb are each independently hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkoxy, and n is an integer from 1 to 20.
[0036] In another preferred embodiment, the n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
[0037] In another preferred embodiment, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol diethyl ether, or combinations thereof.
[0038] In another preferred embodiment, the solvent is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
[0039] In another preferred embodiment, the mass-to-volume ratio of Compound I to solvent is 1: (1- 10) g / ml.
[0040] In another preferred embodiment, the mass-to-volume ratio of Compound I to solvent is 1: (5-10) g / ml.
[0041] In another preferred embodiment, the mass-to-volume ratio of Compound I to solvent is 1: (5-8) g / ml.
[0042] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in presence of morpholine.
[0043] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to morpholine is 1: (0.1-10) .
[0044] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to morpholine is 1: (0.5-8) .
[0045] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to morpholine is 1: (1-5) .
[0046] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to morpholine is 1: (1-3) .
[0047] In another preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Compound I to morpholine is 1: 2.
[0048] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in absence of morpholine.
[0049] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 150-230℃.
[0050] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 170-190℃.
[0051] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 175-185℃.
[0052] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 178-182℃.
[0053] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 179-181℃.
[0054] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 180℃.
[0055] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction pressure is 0.5-10 MPa.
[0056] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction pressure is 1-5 MPa.
[0057] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction pressure is 1-3 MPa.
[0058] In another preferred embodiment, the process also comprises the following step: nitrogen replacement is carried out for 1~5 times, and the reaction system was vacuumed to a negative pressure of 0.05-0.06 Mpa before the carbon monoxide is introduced.
[0059] In another preferred embodiment, wherein the reaction time is 30-60 h.
[0060] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction time is 40-60 h.
[0061] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction time is 40, 42 or 60 h.
[0062] The second aspect of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of disalicylate compounds, comprising the step: under the carbon monoxide, using a base to react with Compound III so as to obtain Compound IV:
[0063] R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy;
[0064] and the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.
[0065] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 185-195℃.
[0066] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 188-192℃.
[0067] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 189-191℃.
[0068] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 190℃.
[0069] In another preferred embodiment, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.
[0070] In another preferred embodiment, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-4 alkoxy;
[0071] and the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-4 alkyl, and C1-4 alkoxy.
[0072] In another preferred embodiment, the compound III is and the corresponding compound IV is
[0073] In another preferred embodiment, the base is selected from the group consisting of KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaH, or combinations thereof.
[0074] In another preferred embodiment, the base is potassium carbonate.
[0075] In another preferred embodiment, the base is in an amount of 1-6 molar equivalents relative the compound III, preferably 2-3 molar equivalents relative the compound III.
[0076] In another preferred embodiment, the carbon monoxide is in a pressure of 0.5-10 MPa, preferaly1-3 MPa.
[0077] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction is carried out in presence of a solvent selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , Ra- (OCH2CH2) n-Rb, or the combinations thereof;
[0078] wherein Ra and Rb are each independently hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl , C1-6 alkoxy, and n is an integer from 1 to 20.
[0079] In another preferred embodiment, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of: NMP, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, or combinations thereof.
[0080] In another preferred embodiment, the solvent is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
[0081] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 180-220 ℃.
[0082] In another preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 180-200 ℃; preferably, 185-195 ℃, more preferably, 188-192 ℃; for example, the reaction temperature is 190 ℃.
[0083] It should be understood that, within the scope of the present invention, the above technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described in the following descriptions (such as the examples) can be combined with each other to form a new or preferred technical solution. Due to space limitations, they will not be repeated herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0084] After extensive and intensive research, the present inventors discovered a process for the preparation of salicylate compounds. The present invention has been completed on this basis.
[0085] Definitions
[0086] Herein, all numerical values within the detailed description and claims are modified by “about” or “approximately” the indicated value, and take into account experimental error and variations that would be expected by a person having ordinary skill in the art.
[0087] As used herein, the term “alkyl” includes straight or branched alkyl groups. For example, C1-6 alkyl refers to straight or branched alkyls having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, and hexyl, and the like.
[0088] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” includes straight or branched alkenyl groups. For example, C2-6 alkenyl refers to straight or branched alkenyl groups having 2-6 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, and the like.
[0089] As used herein, the term “alkynyl” includes straight or branched alkynyl groups. For example, “C2-6 alkynyl” refers to straight or branched alkynyl group having 2-6 carbon atoms, such as ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, and the like.
[0090] As used herein, the term "C3-8 cycloalkyl" refers to cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. It may be a monocyclic ring, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. It may also be in bicyclic form, such as bridged or spiro ring form.
[0091] As used herein, the term “C1-6 alkoxy” refers to straight or branched alkoxy groups having 1-6 carbon atoms; for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, and the like.
[0092] As used herein, the term “4-7 membered heterocyclyl” refers to a saturated or partially saturated cyclic group having 4, 5, 6 or 7 atoms, wherein 1, 2 or 3 atoms are heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O. It may be a monocyclic ring or in a bicyclic form, such as bridged or spiro ring form. Specific examples may be oxetane, azetidine, tetrahydro-2H-pyranyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, and the like.
[0093] As used herein, the term “C6-10 aryl” refers to aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.
[0094] As used herein, the term “5-7 membered heteroaryl” refers to cyclic aromatic groups having 5, 6 or 7 atoms, of which 1, 2 or 3 atoms are selected from the group consisting of N, S and O. It may be a monocyclic ring or in a fused ring form. Specific examples may be pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, (1, 2, 3) -triazolyl and (1, 2, 4) -triazolyl, tetrazyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, and the like.
[0095] Unless otherwise specified as "substituted or unsubstituted" , the group described in the present invention can be substituted by a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitrile, nitro, hydroxy, amino, C1-6 alkyl-amine, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halogenated C1-6 alkyl, halogenated C2-6 alkenyl, halogenated C2-6 alkynyl, halogenated C1-6 alkoxy, allyl, benzyl, C6-12 aryl, C1-6 alkoxy-C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, C2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl, C2-6 alkenyl-carbonyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, C1-6 alkyl-sulfonyl, etc.
[0096] As used herein, “halogen” refers to F, Cl, Br, and I. More preferably, the halogen is selected from F, Cl and Br. “Halogenated” means substituted with an atom selected from F, Cl, Br, and I.
[0097] As used herein, “one and more” refers to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
[0098] As used herein, “salicylate compounds” include, but not limited to monosalicylate compounds and disalicylate compounds.
[0099] Unless otherwise specified, a group which is designed as being independently substituted with substituents may be independently substituted with multiple numbers of such substituents.
[0100] Structures of Salicylate Compounds
[0101] Generally, the synthetic methods described herein can be applied to prepare monosalicylate and / or disalicylate compounds.
[0102] In an aspect, a process for the preparation of salicylate compounds, comprising the step: under the carbon monoxide, using a base to react with Compound I so as to obtain Compound II:
[0103] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently any molecular fragment, preferably R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heteroaryl;
[0104] or R1 and R2, R3 and R4, R2 and R3 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl;
[0105] with the proviso that when R3 is H, R1 is other than unsubstituted or hydroxy substituted benzene, biphenyl, or naphthalene;
[0106] the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, sulfydryl, hydroxy, carboxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, naphthyl, and 5-7 membered heteroaryl.
[0107] In an embodiment of the present invention, one of the hydrogen on the ortho-position of hydroxy in R1, R2, R3 and / or R4 are substituted by carboxyl during the reaction.
[0108] In an embodiment of the present invention, when R1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R3 and R4 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl, one of the hydrogen adjacent to hydroxy substituent in the aryl or heterocyclyl would be replaced by carboxyl during the reaction.
[0109] In an embodiment of the present invention, R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl;
[0110] R1, R2 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl;
[0111] or the R2 and R3 together with the ring atom to which they connected form substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl;
[0112] the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, C6-10 aryl (for example, phenyl or naphthyl) , biphenylyl.
[0113] In an embodiment of the present invention, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, and 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; wherein the 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R0;
[0114] R0 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;
[0115] and at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is selected from the group consisting of 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; and the group is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R0.
[0116] In an embodiment of the present invention, R1, R2 and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or C1-6 alkyl;
[0117] R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; and the biphenylyl, phenyl or naphthyl is optionally substituted by one 1 or 2 R0;
[0118] R0 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0119] In an embodiment of the present invention, wherein R1 and R4 are hydrogen;
[0120] R2 and R3 together with the ring atom to which they connected form a C6-14 aryl, and one or more hydrogens on the C6-14 aryl are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl , halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0121] In an embodiment of the present invention, wherein R1 and R4 are hydrogen;
[0122] R2 and R3 together with the ring atom to which they connected form a phenyl, naphthyl or anthranyl,
[0123] and one or more hydrogens on the phenyl, naphthyl or anthranyl are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.
[0124] In an embodiment of the present invention, compound I is selected from the group consisting of:
[0125] wherein
[0126] X is halogen, hydroxy, or C1-6 alkyl.
[0127] In an embodiment of the present invention, the corresponding compound II is selected from the group consisting of:
[0128] the definition of X is as described in compound I.
[0129] In an embodiment of the present invention, the bases include, but are not limited to KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaH, and mixtures thereof. The preferred base is potassium carbonate.
[0130] In an embodiment of the present invention, the base source is in an amount of 1-6 molar equivalents relative the compound I. The preferred amount of base is 2-3 molar equivalents relative the compound I.
[0131] In an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon monoxide is in a pressure of 0.5-10 MPa. The preferred pressure is 1-3 MPa.
[0132] In an embodiment of the present invention, the process is conducted in a solvent that includes, but are not limited to diphenyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , and Ra- (OCH2CH2) n-Rb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, or C1-6 alkoxy, n is an integer from 1 to 20, and mixtures thereof.
[0133] In an embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of : NMP, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol diethyl ether. The preferred solvent is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
[0134] In an embodiment of the present invention, the process is conducted at a temperature of 150- 230℃. In a preferred embodiment, the process in conducted at a temperature of 170-190℃, preferably, the temperature is 178-182℃; for example, the temperature is 180℃.
[0135] In an embodiment of the present invention, the process is conducted in the presence of morpholine or in the absence of morpholine. In a preferred embodiment, the process is conducted in the presence of morpholine.
[0136] When the process is conducted in the presence of morpholine, morpholine is in an amount of 1-3 molar equivalents relative the compound I. The prefer amount of base is 2 molar equivalents.
[0137] In an embodiment of the present invention, the process is conducted at a reaction time of 1 hour to 60 hours. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction time is 30-60 hours, for example, 40, 42 or 60 hours.
[0138] In another aspect, a process for the preparation of salicylate compounds, comprising the step: under the carbon monoxide, using a base to react with Compound III so as to obtain Compound IV:
[0139] whereinR5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently any molecular fragment, preferably R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy;
[0140] the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.
[0141] In an embodiment of the present invention, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.
[0142] In an embodiment of the present invention, compound III is and the corresponding compound IV is
[0143] In an embodiment of the present invention, the bases include, but are not limited to KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaH, and mixtures thereof. The preferred base is potassium carbonate.
[0144] In an embodiment of the present invention, the base is in an amount of 1-6 molar equivalents relative the compound III. The preferred amount of base is 2-3 molar equivalents relative the compound III.
[0145] In an embodiment of the present invention, carbon monoxide is in a pressure of 0.5-10 MPa. The preferred pressure is 1-3 MPa.
[0146] In an embodiment of the present invention, the process is conducted in a solvent that includes, but are not limited to diphenyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) , 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) , and Ra- (OCH2CH2) n-Rb, wherein Ra and Rb are independently hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl , or C1-6 alkoxy, n is an integer from 1 to 20, and mixtures thereof.
[0147] In an embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of : NMP, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and diethylene glycol diethyl ether. The preferred solvent is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
[0148] In an embodiment of the present invention, the process is conducted at a temperature of 180-220℃. In a preferred embodiment, the process in conducted at a temperature of 180-200℃, preferably, the temperature is 188-192℃; for example, the temperature is 190℃.
[0149] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following specific, non-limiting examples. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the scope of the invention.
[0150] EXAMPLE 1 -Screening of Reaction Solvents
[0151] 5g 4, 4'-biphenol, potassium carbonate (3.0 eq) , morpholine (2.0 eq) and solvents were added to a high-pressure reactor, with nitrogen replacement for three times. The vacuum was applied to obtain a negative pressure of 0.05-0.06MPa in the reactor, and the carbon monoxide gas was introduced to achieve the pressure of 1.2MPa in the reactor. The reaction was stirred at a certain temperature, and the samples were taken and used for HPLC. DMF: N, N-Dimethylformam DMI: 1, 3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone DGDE: Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether#: After the reaction was completed, there was no DMF in the high-pressure reactor, which had been completely decomposed. This phenomenon does not occur when other solvents were used, such as DMI and DGDE.$: After the reaction was completed, there was little DMF in the high-pressure reactor, which had been decomposed. This phenomenon does not occur when other solvents were used, such as DMI and DGDE. *: The carbon monoxide gas was introduced to achieve the pressure of 1.2MPa in the reactor instead of carbon monoxide.
[0152] In conclusion, the conversion rate is higher when the solvent is DMF or DGDE. However, in a high-pressure reactor, the decomposition of the solvent, such as DMF, can easily lead to a sudden increase in pressure or in heat inside the high-pressure reactor, which is a very dangerous phenomenon. Therefore, the most preferred solvent in this reaction is diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGDE) .
[0153] EXAMPLE 2 -Screening of Reaction Conditions
[0154] 5g 4, 4'-biphenol, potassium carbonate (3.0 eq) , morpholine and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether were added into a high-pressure reactor, with nitrogen displacement for three times. The vacuum was applied to obtain a negative pressure of 0.05-0.06MPa in the reactor, and the gas was introduced to achieve the pressure of 2.2MPa in the reactor. The reaction was stirred at 180 ℃ for 41 h, and the samples were taken and used for HPLC. The inner pressure during the reaction was monitored and controlled.
[0155] Experimental results show that the maximum pressure during the process is decreased significantly in the presence of morpholine relative to in the absence of morpholine.
[0156] In conclusion, the use of morpholine has reduced the necessary maximum pressure during the reaction, thus making the reaction safer and economically friendly.
[0157] EXAMPLE 3–Synthesis of 4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid
[0158] 200g 4, 4'-biphenol (1.0 eq) , 445g potassium carbonate (3.0eq) and 940g diethylene glycol dimethyl ether were added into a high-pressure reactor, with nitrogen displacement for three times. The vacuum was applied to obtain a negative pressure of 0.05-0.06MPa in the reactor, and the carbon monoxide gas was introduced to achieve the pressure of 2.0MPa. The reaction was stirred at 180℃ for 48 h, and the maximum pressure did not exceed 3.5MPa during the reaction. The conversion ratio of the target product was 87.2%by HPLC.
[0159] The temperature of high-pressure reactor was naturally cooled to room temperature, and the reaction was filtered, the filter cake was taken to obtain the crude product, the purity of crude product was 97%. The crude product was added to 5000g water, heated to 70℃, adjusted to pH=1-2 with 12M hydrochloric acid, cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filter cake was taken, washed, and recrystallized once with DMF, and then the obtained solid was dissolved in 3L 7%aqueous potassium carbonate solution at 75℃, adjusted to pH=3-4 with 12M hydrochloric acid, cooled to 25℃, and the solid was precipitated, filtrated and dried to obtain 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, a yield of 76%, a purity of 99.2%.
[0160] The result of example 3 shows that, the existence of morpholine would not affect the reaction, but would reduce the necessary temperature in the reaction procedure.
[0161] EXAMPLE 4 –Synthesis of 3, 7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid
[0162] To a 120 mL autoclave was added 68.0 mmol potassium carbonate, 34.0 mmol of 2, 6-naphthol, 20 ml diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the mixture was stirred, purged with nitrogen, and sealed. Subsequently, the temperature of the mixture was raised to 180 ℃, the nitrogen was replaced by carbon monoxide, and the reaction was carried out at 2 MPa for 60 h. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled and filtered to obtain solid. 18g hydrochloric acid was added to the solid, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃, filtered, and pulped with DMF (10g) to obtain the compound II-2, a yield of 54%.
[0163] EXAMPLE 5 –Synthesis of 5, 5'-dibromo-4, 4'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid
[0164] The synthesis process of compound II-3 was similar to that of compound II-2, with a yield of 43%.
[0165] EXAMPLE 6 –Synthesis of 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzoic acid
[0166] The synthesis process of compound II-4 was similar to that of compound II-2, with a yield of 63%.
[0167] EXAMPLE 7 –Synthesis of 6, 6'-dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -3, 3'-dicarboxylic acid
[0168] The synthesis process of compound III-1 was similar to that of compound IV-1 except that the reaction temperature was 190℃, with a yield of 34%.
[0169] All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in this application as if each document were individually incorporated by reference. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the above teaching content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
Claims
1.A process for the preparation of salicylate compounds, comprising the step: under the carbon monoxide, using a base to react with Compound I so as to obtain Compound II: R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted biphenylyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heteroaryl; orR1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R3 and R4 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a substituted or unsubstituted C6-14 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted 5-7 membered heterocyclyl;with the proviso that when R3 is H, R1 is other than unsubstituted or hydroxy substituted benzene, biphenyl or naphthalene;and the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyan, amino, nitro, sulfydryl, hydroxy, carboxyl, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C2-6 alkynyl, C1-6 alkoxy, C3-8 cycloalkyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, naphthyl, and 5-7 membered heteroaryl.2.The process according to claim 1, wherein one of the hydrogen on the ortho-position of hydroxy in R1, R2, R3 and / or R4 are substituted by carboxyl during the reaction.3.The process according to claim 1, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; while the 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R0;R0 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl;and at least one of R1, R2, R3 and R4 is selected from the group consisting of 4-7 membered heterocyclyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; and the group is unsubstituted or substituted by 1, 2 or 3 R0.4.The process according to claim 3, wherein R1, R2 and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen or C1-6 alkyl;R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl, biphenylyl, phenyl, and naphthyl; and biphenylyl, phenyl, or naphthyl is optionally substituted by one 1 or 2 R0;R0 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.5.The process according to claim 1, wherein R1 and R4 are hydrogen;R2 and R3 together with the ring atom to which they connected form a C6-14 aryl, and one or more hydrogens on the C6-14 aryl are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.6.The process according to claim 5, wherein R1 and R4 are hydrogen;R2 and R3 together with the ring atoms to which they connected form a phenyl, naphthyl or anthranyl;and one or more hydrogens on the phenyl, naphthyl or anthranyl are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.7.The process according to claim 1, wherein the compound I is selected from the group consisting of: and the corresponding compound II is selected from the group consisting of:wherein X is each dependently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, halogen, and C1-6 alkyl.8.The process according to claim 1, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaH, or the combinations thereof.9.The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in presence of a solvent selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ether, cyclopentyl methyl ether, 2- methyltetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, Ra- (OCH2CH2) n-Rb, or the combinations thereof,wherein Ra and Rb are each independently hydroxyl, C1-6 alkyl or C1-6 alkoxy, and n is an integer from 1 to 20.10.The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out in presence of morpholine.11.The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 150-230℃.12.The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction pressure is 0.5-10 MPa.13.The process according to claim 1, wherein the process also comprises the following step: nitrogen replacement is carried out for 1~5 times, and the reaction system was vacuumed to a negative pressure of 0.05-0.06 Mpa before the carbon monoxide is introduced.14.A process for the preparation of disalicylate compounds, comprising the step: under the carbon monoxide, using a base to react with Compound III so as to obtain Compound IV: R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carboxyl, deuterium, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy;and the “substituted” means that one or more hydrogens are substituted by substituents which are selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy.15.The process according to claim 14, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of KOH, K2CO3, KHCO3, NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaH, or combinations thereof.
Citation Information
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