Optical sensor window module with heating element for use in a vehicle glazing

Abstract

The present invention relates to an optical sensor window module (10) for use in a vehicle glazing (100), wherein the optical sensor window module (10) is to be arranged in a traversing hole delimited by a side wall of the vehicle glazing (100), wherein the optical sensor window module (10) comprises a frame-like holder part (4) and an insert (2) made of material having a crystalline structure, which is at least transparent in a sensor-adapted range of wavelengths, preferably in a range of wavelengths A in the infrared spectrum above 3 µm, and wherein the frame-like holder part (4) comprises at least one heating element (5) connectable to a power supply. The invention also relates to a vehicle glazing (100) comprising such optical sensor window module (10).

Description

[0001] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0002] 1

[0003] Optical sensor window module with heating element for use in a vehicle glazing

[0004] The invention relates to an optical sensor window module for use in a vehicle glazing comprising an insert made of material having a crystalline structure and a frame-like holder part comprising at least one heating element. The invention also relates to a vehicle glazing comprising the optical sensor window module, in particular for an optical sensor arrangement device in a vehicle.

[0005] In response to new automotive vehicle safety standards, advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS), and camera sensors are developed. For future automated driving features, in particular requiring Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) and Pedestrian Autonomous Emergency Braking (PAEB) systems to work reliably both day and night, also glazings for autonomous vehicles and the associated technologies are constantly evolving.

[0006] In this context, many vehicles are equipped with various optical sensors. Examples of optical sensors are camera systems such as video cameras, night vision, thermal cameras, image intensifiers or passive infrared detectors such as FLIR (Forward Looking Infrared) or LiDAR. The camera systems can use light in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared wavelength range (IR). Camera-based systems are used to provide a wide range of safety functions, including adaptive cruise control, obstacle detection, lane departure warning, and support for autonomous operation. Objects, vehicles and pedestrians can be precisely detected even in poor weather conditions, such as darkness and fog. Conventionally, thermal sensors have been placed behind the grille, exposing them to mud, dirt shocks and other elements. Positioning visible and IR (thermal) sensing systems in particular behind the windshield within the compartment increased the reliability of AEB by improved visibility in all scenarios. In order to have a high, forward field of view, optical sensors like cameras, therefore are currently typically mounted high on the windshield and preferably in the windshield wiper area.

[0007] A clear and undistorted field of view is critical to the function of an optical, camerabased sensor system. Thus, to ensure optimal function of the optical sensors, a clean and contamination free field of view (vision zone) is absolutely essential. For example, dust or other debris from the environment but also moisture, ice and mist in particular in the sensor field of view, interfere with functionality of corresponding sensors since SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0008] 2 they reduce the performance of the vision of the optical sensor system. The sensor image quality can be deteriorated both in reduced transmission, sensitivity, contrast and sharpness but also cause stray light phenomena. To keep the sensor field of view and sensor window clear and clean, it is currently preferred to position sensor windows in the wiper areas, in particular in a windshield. Whereas wiper systems can be used for removal of water droplets and dirt particles from the outer surface of the pane, however they are generally inadequate in the case of icing.

[0009] The IR sensing systems are placed and encapsulated in a housing behind the windshield to protect the same from moisture and dirt. If moisture penetrates into this encapsulated housing, this can especially happen with cold outside temperatures and moist weather conditions, it can condense on the inner side of the vision zone of the pane for the sensor and restrict the necessary transmission of electromagnetic radiation for a proper sensor function.

[0010] To enable clear vision of a thermal camera sensor window under cold and moist weather conditions, a de-icing and defogging function is needed. Typically used for those functions are heated elements in the field of view (FOV) of the sensor or in the surrounding of the sensor window. Such heated elements are for example described in CN117382387 A, WO2023 / 045999 A1 and US10953814 B2. However, providing elements in the field of view might negatively affect the sensor functions. On the other hand, for a standard glazing part with an optical sensor window, for example an ADAS camera, heated elements around a sensor window are normally not very efficient in terms of heating performance. The major issue is the low thermal conductivity of glass.

[0011] US 12 083 768 B2 discloses a glazed element, a device with a glazed element and an associated thermal imaging camera.

[0012] WO 2024 / 014506 A1 discloses a vehicle glass.

[0013] FR 3 140 328 A3 discloses a device for a vehicle with a glazed element and an associated infrared camera and a glazed element of this type.

[0014] US 2024 / 157912 A1 discloses a pane arrangement with a heatable sensor window. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0015] 3

[0016] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved optical sensor window module for use in a vehicle glazing, in particular providing an improved defrosting and defogging function to optimize reliability and accuracy of the detection by a sensor arrangement, especially in cold and moist weather conditions.

[0017] The object of the present invention is accomplished by an optical sensor window module according to claim 1 and a vehicle glazing according to claim 14. Preferred embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

[0018] The invention relates to an optical sensor window module for use in a vehicle glazing, wherein the optical sensor window module is to be arranged in a traversing hole delimited by a side wall of the vehicle glazing, wherein the optical sensor window module comprises a frame-like holder part and an insert made of material having a crystalline structure, which is at least transparent in a sensor-adapted range of wavelengths, preferably in a range of wavelengths A in the infrared spectrum above 3 pm, and wherein the frame-like holder part comprises at least one heating element connectable to a power supply.

[0019] With these features, it is possible to provide an improved optical sensor window module for use in a vehicle glazing, with both optimized transmission for collection of data and additionally providing for an improved and faster defrosting and defogging function to optimize reliability and accuracy of the detection in a sensor arrangement, especially in cold and moist weather conditions. The heating performance according to the invention is significantly improved due to the synergistic effect of the insert material showing an improved thermal conductivity compared to the thermal conductivity of the replaced usual glazing material, in combination with a heating element comprised in the framelike holder part.

[0020] The holder part, being “frame-like” in context of the invention means that it surrounds, preferably completely surrounds, the insert, wherein the frame-like holder part and the insert are joined to one another, for example by press-fit or via an adhesive connection. Thus, also the at least one heating element of the frame-like holder part is located adjacent to or in direct contact with the insert as a result of which the sensor window and vision zone (or so-called FOV-Field of View) for an optical sensor can effectively be heated. Preferably, the at least one heating element is realized in that it also surrounds SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0021] 4 the insert in that a best possible homogeneous spread of temperature distribution and heating is achieved.

[0022] The frame-like holder part preferably provides a durable leak tightness to liquid water, indeed even water vapor and might be fixed and additionally glued to the insert and the side wall of a traversing hole in a vehicle glazing via liquid adhesive.

[0023] The liquid adhesive is preferably chosen from acrylate adhesives, methyl methacrylate adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, poly-epoxides, silicone adhesives, and / or silane crosslinking polymer adhesives, mixtures and / or copolymers thereof.

[0024] The at least one heating element according to the invention is an integral part of the frame-like holder part and is thus integrated within the frame-like holder part or is directly, preferably inseparably, connected to the frame-like holder part of the optical sensor window module.

[0025] In one preferred embodiment, the frame-like holder part is made of an electrically conductive material as heating element. Preferably, the frame-like holder part is realized as a carrier ring surrounding the insert and is made of the electrically conductive material. Thus, in other words, it means the frame-like holder part in this embodiment is the heating element.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the electrically conductive material of the frame-like holder part is an electrically conductive polymer material or an electrically conductive polymer composite material. In an embodiment, the electrically conductive polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline (PAni), poly-3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as a counterion and doped polyacetylene (PAC). According to an embodiment, the electrically conductive polymer composite material is selected from the group consisting of polyoxymethylene Copolymers (POM-C) with carbon, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with carbon, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with carbon and polydimethyldisiloxane (PDMS) with carbon.

[0027] The electrically conductive polymer material or the electrically conductive polymer composite material can for example be based on the aforementioned materials or at least comprise the same. In context of the invention, “based on” the electrically conductive SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0028] 5 polymer material or on the electrically conductive polymer composite material means it contains more than 80% (weight percent) of the respective material.

[0029] In an alternative embodiment of the optical sensor window module of the invention, the frame-like holder part comprises at least one carrier ring made of a polymer material, preferably containing a polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA66), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-polycarbonate (ABS-PC), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), mixtures, block polymers, and / or copolymers thereof, and at least one conductor element as heating element. The conductor element is preferably made of metal or comprises metal material.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the conductor element is at least one metallic wire, without limitation for example made of silver, copper or tungsten, integrated into the polymer material of the carrier ring. This can for example be achieved by a usual co-extrusion process.

[0031] In another embodiment, the conductor element is at least one electrically conductive coating and / or electrically heatable film on the carrier ring. Such electrically conductive coating or electrically heatable film can, for example, be provided on the surface of the carrier ring facing the insert or on the surface facing the side wall of the vehicle glazing.

[0032] The electrically conductive coating can be made of material in principle known by the person skilled in the art. For example, the electrically conductive coating can be an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating, a coating containing silver or a silver-containing alloy, a coating containing gold, aluminum, tungsten or copper, a graphite-containing coating or graphene. According to an embodiment, the electrically conductive coating comprises or is based on the above-mentioned electrically conductive polymer material or the electrically conductive polymer composite material.

[0033] The term “electrically heatable film” means a flat film that can electrically be heated. The electrically heatable film can, for example, be a polymer film that is coated with an electrically heatable coating. It can also be a polymer film (foil) onto which conductor tracks made of a metallic material are applied. For example, the polymer film contains or consists of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (Pll), SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0034] 6 polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), or polyesters or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. Particularly preferably, the polymer film coated with the electrically heatable coating or conductor tracks contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Such electrically heatable films and methods for production of the same are known in the art. Alternatively, the electrically heatable film can also be a film made of an electrically conductive polymer. Preferably, the electrically heatable film is a thin plastic layer onto which conductor tracks made of metallic material are applied.

[0035] In another preferred embodiment, the frame-like holder part comprises at least two carrier rings made of a polymer material and at least one electrically heatable ring, for example a metallic ring, as conductor element, which is located, preferably embedded, between two carrier rings. In other words, an electrically heatable ring is sandwiched between an outer carrier ring, directed to the side-wall of the vehicle glazing and an inner carrier ring directed to the insert. The inner carrier ring and the outer carrier ring can be made of the same or of different polymer materials and can have the same or different radial thickness. The sandwiched conductor element can be of the same extension as both the inner carrier ring and outer carrier ring or can be set back to be embedded to protect the same from the environment.

[0036] For example, this can be realized via a co-extrusion process or glueing with a suitable adhesive.

[0037] According to an embodiment of the invention, the heating output of the at least one heating element is selected such that the at least one heating element has a temperature of 30°C to 90°C, preferably 50°C to 70°C. For this, typically, a heating output of 0.5 W / dm2to 10 W / dm2is required.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the at least one heating element has a heating output of 0.1 W / cm2to 1 W / cm2and / or the at least one heating element as a metallic wire has a line output of 5 W / m to 20 W / m. For example, the at least one heating element has a heating output of 0.35 W / cm2.

[0039] The insert according to the invention is made of material having a crystalline structure, which is at least transparent in a sensor-adapted range of wavelengths, preferably in a range of wavelengths A in the infrared spectrum above 3 pm. The insert comprises an exterior face configured to be directed toward an exterior side of a vehicle and an SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0040] 7 interior face configured to be oriented toward the passenger compartment side of a vehicle. In the context of the invention, “sensor-adapted range of wavelengths” are the working wavelengths of the sensor which is intended to be used with the vehicle glazing in an optical, viewing sensor arrangement device (viewing system), for example comprising a thermal camera.

[0041] Generic thermal (“infrared”) cameras detect radiation in some part of the infrared range of wavelengths (infrared band) that runs from roughly 900 nm to 15 pm. However, the thermal cameras developed for L2+ use cases and L3 autonomous vehicles are usually infrared cameras that detect in the range of from 3 pm to 5 pm or 6 pm (MWIR) or 7 pm to 14 pm (LWIR) bands. Thus, the preferred range of wavelengths A according to the invention at least comprises the working wavelength (bands) of such thermal camera.

[0042] In another preferred embodiment, the range of wavelengths A extends at least from 4 pm to 14 pm, preferably at least from 5 pm to 12 pm.

[0043] The material having a crystalline structure of the insert preferably exhibits an infrared optical transmission of at least 50%, preferably of at least 70% in said range A.

[0044] In another preferred embodiment, the material having a crystalline structure of the insert is additionally transparent in the visible region and preferably exhibits an optical transmission of at least 25%, preferably of at least 50% in a range B at a reference wavelength of between 500 nm and 600 nm.

[0045] According to the invention, the material of the insert has a crystalline structure, preferably a cubic crystal structure, and is preferably transparent in the visible region at a reference wavelength of between 400 nm and 750 nm, for example between 500 nm and 600 nm and preferably from 540 nm or 550 nm to 600 nm, preferably with a light transmission of at least 25% and more preferably of at least 30% or even more preferred at least 40% or at least 60% in the range B. In particular, a variation in light transmission of at most 5% or 2% (flat spectrum) in the range B is preferred. The material can even be transparent from the start of the range B up to the end of the range A, and even preferably with a variation in transmission of at most 8% or 5% (flat spectrum) over this entire range of wavelengths. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0046] 8

[0047] The light transmission is measured for the reference wavelength or better still for the range B with a spectrophotometer, such as the Perkin-Elmer Lambda-35. The light transmission can be measured according to the standard ISO 9050:2003 using illuminant D65 and can be the total transmission (in particular integrated over the visible region and weighted by the curve of sensitivity of the human eye), taking into account both direct transmission and possible diffuse transmission, the measurement being carried out, for example, using a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, the measurement at a given thickness subsequently being converted, if appropriate, to the reference thickness of 4 mm according to the standard ISO 9050:2003. The infrared optical transmission is measured for the range A by a Fourier spectrometer, such as the BrukerVertex-70.

[0048] For more safety, preferably, the modulus of rupture of the insert is greater than 20 MPa and even than 40 MPa.

[0049] In another preferred embodiment, the insert has a maximum diameter of 70 mm or less, preferably 60 mm or less. Preferably, the equivalent diameter of the traversing hole (constant or variable in thickness) and the equivalent diameter of the insert (constant or variable in thickness) are each at most 55 mm and even at most 35 mm. More preferred, the maximum diameter of the insert is 45 mm or less. For example, the insert has a diameter of 41 mm or 31 mm. Preferably, the shape of the insert and the corresponding traversing hole in the vehicle glazing is circular, oval, elliptical, trapezoidal, rectangular, a square or hexagonal. A round or oval shape of the traversing hole is preferred as the tension in the surrounding pane(s) of the vehicle glazing is higher and more local stress peaks occur when sharp angles (corners) are formed.

[0050] A traversing hole and insert size which is too high can damage the mechanical strength of a vehicle glazing (windshield, and the like), with consequences for the safety of passengers. Furthermore, the diameter of the insert is preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 15 mm.

[0051] The thickness of the insert according to an embodiment is preferably chosen in that the exterior face of the insert to the atmosphere is preferably positioned generally flush or slightly set back with the external main face F1 of the vehicle glazing, as well as the interior face of the insert is preferably positioned generally flush or slightly set back with SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0052] 9 the internal main face (F2, F4) of the vehicle glazing. For example, the insert has a given thickness E0 preferably of less than or equal to 10 mm, in particular between 3 mm and 6 mm, for example between 4 mm and 5 mm.

[0053] Preferably, the insert is not or only slightly hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20° C of at most 0.2 g in 100 ml of water.

[0054] The material having a crystalline structure of the insert might be a single crystal material. In a preferred embodiment, the material having a crystalline structure of the insert is polycrystalline. Advantageously, the material having a crystalline structure of the insert according to the invention is preferably a polycrystalline material easier to manufacture than a single crystal.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the material having a crystalline structure of the insert is chosen from: a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or a compound comprising barium fluoride or calcium fluoride. Without limiting the invention, the material of the insert can for example also be chosen from: diamond, sapphire (AI2O3), germanium (Ge) or silicon (Si) or a compound comprising the same. More preferred, the material having a crystalline structure of the insert is chosen from: zinc sulfide and germanium.

[0056] For example, with an excellent transmission from about 2 pm to 14 pm, sensor windows made of crystalline germanium cover both the usual MWIR (3-5pm) and LWIR (8-12pm) optical and thermal wavebands, while being opaque to visible light. Thus, an insert made of crystalline Germanium might be used for the sensor window, i.e. the insert in the optical sensor window module when transmission in the visible range B is not needed or undesired.

[0057] There are for example two methods, known in the art, to prepare germanium single crystals: one is the Czochralski method, and the other is the zone melting method.

[0058] The material having a crystalline structure of the insert is, for example, chosen from: a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulfide, especially obtained after hot isostatic pressing, a compound comprising a zinc selenide, a compound comprising barium fluoride, as described for example in WO2021 / 043838A1 . SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0059] 10

[0060] Preferably, the material of the insert exhibits a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or also of at least 99.995% and more preferably 99.999% and / or is devoid of inclusions and / or of crystal defects with a size of greater than 20 pm or even than 12 pm or 10 pm.

[0061] The insert is, for example, colorless or tinted, while remaining transparent in range of working wavelengths of the sensor, for example at least in the range of wavelengths A, in particular yellow or orange.

[0062] The material having a crystalline structure of the insert has preferably a cubic crystal structure.

[0063] In another preferred embodiment, the material having a crystalline structure of the insert according to the invention is chosen from a following material, preferably a polycrystalline material, in particular obtained by chemical vapor deposition: a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur or a compound comprising barium fluoride indeed even a compound comprising thallium bromide-iodide, such as that of KRS-5 (Thallium Bromide-lodide) type, and in particular the material having a crystalline structure of the insert is chosen from: a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulfide, especially obtained after hot isostatic pressing (treatment by an isostatic press under the temperature preferably of at least 800° C), in particular including selenium, such as ZnSxSei.xwith x preferably of at least 0.97, better still of at least 0.99 and even better still of at least 0.998, a compound comprising a zinc selenide, especially ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSeySi-ywith y of at least 0.97, better still of at least 0.99 and even better still at least 0.998, a compound comprising barium fluoride, in particular including calcium and / or strontium, in particular Bai-j.jCaiSrjF2 with i+j strictly less than 1 , i and j each preferably of at most 0.25, better still of at most 0.03 or even better still of at most 0.005 or also Bai.jCajF2 with i strictly less than 1 and preferably of at most 0.25, better still of at most 0.03 or even better still of at most 0.005, especially BaF2. Zinc sulfide with a multispectral (MS) grade is a recent material. It can be polycrystalline and obtained by carrying out (in particular after formation by chemical vapor deposition CVD starting from zinc vapor and H2S gas) a hot isostatic pressing (HIP). This appears to suppress defects in the crystal lattice, in particular to remove hexagonal phase crystallites by converting them into the cubic main phase, to reduce the volumes of pores and to homogenize the stoichiometry to thus attain the transparency in the visible region. Its structure is micro(poly)crystalline, comprising grains generally of 10 to 50 pm. As indicated in the paper “Recrystallization Behavior of Zinc Chalcogenides during Hot Isostatic Pressing”, E. M. Gavrishchuk et al., Inorganics Materials, Vol. 50, No. 3, 2014, the HIP can be in an argon SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0064] 1 1 atmosphere between 810°C and 1200°C and under a pressure of 89 to 200 MPa for a period of time of 1 to 22 h.

[0065] The transmission of the multispectral zinc sulfide can be broad spectrum with a flat spectrum. The transmission is in particular greater than 60% from 0.5 pm to 10 pm.

[0066] Multispectral zinc sulfide is chemically inert, (virtually) non hygroscopic with a solubility value at 20° C of less than 0.005 g in 100 ml of water.

[0067] The refractive index of multispectral ZnS is, for example, between 2.1 and 2.3 in the range A and, in the visible region, between 2.3 and 2.6.

[0068] Multispectral (in particular polycrystalline) zinc sulfide is admittedly generally less hard than conventional (monospectral) zinc sulfide but this remains acceptable in the light of the abovementioned optical advantages.

[0069] The modulus of rupture of the multispectral zinc sulfide insert can be greater than 60 or 65 MPa.

[0070] Multispectral zinc sulfide is generally more resistant than zinc selenide (and less resistant than conventional zinc sulfide).

[0071] The multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (in particular obtained by the Bridgman method of recrystallization under pressure and at high temperature). An example of the manufacture of the multispectral zinc sulfide single crystal is given in the publication by Gavrishchuk et al., J. Crystal Growth, 457, 2017, pp. 275-281.

[0072] Multispectral and preferably polycrystalline zinc sulfide is advantageous in the light of its combination of chemical resistance, optical and mechanical properties.

[0073] As an example of a polycrystalline multispectral zinc sulfide, Cleartran™ is mentioned.

[0074] Mention may also be made of the multispectral ZnS product sold by ll-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd. Preferably, the multispectral and preferably polycrystalline zinc selenide (ZnSe and more broadly ZnSxSei-x) exhibits a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or also of at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or is devoid of inclusions (and / or of crystal defects) with a size of greater than 20 pm or even than 12 pm or 10 pm. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0075] 12

[0076] Zinc selenide is less absorbent than multispectral zinc sulfide in the range B. Polycrystalline zinc selenide can also be obtained by CVD starting from zinc vapor and F^Se gas. The zinc selenide single crystal exists but is more difficult to synthesize (in particular obtained by the Bridgman method under high pressure).

[0077] Zinc selenide is chemically inert, (virtually) nonhygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20° C of less than 0.005 g in 100 ml of water.

[0078] The transmission of (in particular polycrystalline) zinc selenide is broad spectrum and the spectrum is particularly flat. The transmission of (in particular polycrystalline) zinc selenide can be greater than 70% from 0.5 pm to 10 pm.

[0079] The modulus of rupture of the (in particular polycrystalline) zinc selenide insert is greater than 50 or 55 MPa.

[0080] The size of polycrystalline zinc selenide grains can be between 50 and 70 pm. Mention may be made, as vendors of polycrystalline zinc selenide, of Hellma, ll-VI or Crystaltechno Ltd.

[0081] An example of ZnSeySi-ysingle crystal predominantly made of zinc selenide is described in the publication by Kozielski et al., Journal of Crystal Growth, 30, 1975, pp. 86-92. Preferably, the polycrystalline zinc selenide (ZnSeySi-yand in particular ZnSe) exhibits a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or also of at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or is devoid of inclusions (and / or of crystal defects) with a size of greater than 20 pm or even than 12 pm or 10 pm.

[0082] The barium fluoride can be a single crystal obtained, for example, by the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique.

[0083] Advantageously, the barium fluoride can be polycrystalline (ceramic) and obtained with the method of synthesis starting from barium fluoride single crystals which makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength (to limit the splitting of single crystals because of cleavage). An example of the manufacture of ceramic barium fluoride is given in the publication by Fedorov et al., Inorganic Materials, 50, 2014, pp. 738-744.

[0084] Barium fluoride is weakly hygroscopic, in particular with a solubility value at 20° C of less than 0.2 g in 100 ml of water. The modulus of rupture of the barium fluoride insert can be greater than 25 MPa.

[0085] The transmission of the barium fluoride can be broad spectrum with a flat spectrum. The transmission of the barium fluoride can be greater than 80% from 0.5 pm to 10 pm. Mention may be made, as barium fluoride single crystal, of the product sold by Hellma or Crystaltechno Ltd. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0086] 13

[0087] Preferably, the preferably polycrystalline barium fluoride (Bai-j.jCaiSrjF2 or also BaCajF2 and in particular BaF2) exhibits a purity (by weight) of at least 99.99% or also of at least 99.995% and better still 99.999% and / or is devoid of inclusions (and / or of crystal defects) with a size of greater than 20 pm or even than 12 pm or 10 pm.

[0088] Preferably, for more stability, as described in the publication by Duvel et al., Solid State Sciences, 83, 2018, pp. 188- 191 , i and j are low; in particular, i is of at most 0.03 and j is of at most 0.03 and even better still i is of at most 0.005 and j is of at most 0.005.

[0089] The present invention also relates to a vehicle glazing comprising an optical sensor window module as described above in different embodiments. The vehicle glazing comprises an external main face F1 configured to be directed toward an exterior side of a vehicle and an internal main face F2, F4 configured to be oriented toward a passenger compartment side of a vehicle, wherein the optical sensor window module is located in a peripheral zone of the vehicle glazing and arranged in a traversing hole between the internal main face F2, F4 and the external main face F1 , which traversing hole is delimited by a side wall of the vehicle glazing.

[0090] The optical sensor window module within the vehicle glazing of the invention accordingly comprises a frame-like holder part, which is at least fixed to the side wall of the vehicle glazing, and an insert made of material having a crystalline structure, which is at least transparent in a sensor-adapted range of wavelengths, preferably in a range of wavelengths A in the infrared spectrum above 3 pm, and the frame-like holder part comprises at least one heating element connectable to a power supply.

[0091] In an embodiment of the vehicle glazing according to the invention, the frame-like holder part of the optical sensor window module has an interior end with a collar formed thereon, which, in mounted position, lies flat on the internal main face F2, F4 of the vehicle glazing and preferably is fixed thereto for example by an optically transparent, clear adhesive. This provides for an easier handling in the manufacture process and a stable, durable and safer mounting of the optical sensor window module within the glazing is ensured.

[0092] A liquid optical transparent I clear adhesive is preferably chosen from acrylate adhesives, methyl methacrylate adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, poly-epoxides, SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0093] 14 silicone adhesives, and / or silane crosslinking polymer adhesives, mixtures and / or copolymers thereof.

[0094] According to an embodiment, the vehicle glazing of the invention is a monolithic glass pane with external main face F1 and internal main face F2.

[0095] The vehicle glazing preferably includes single-pane safety glass (ESG) or laminated safety glass (VSG).

[0096] In another preferred embodiment, the vehicle glazing is a windshield of a passenger car.

[0097] The vehicle glazing in an embodiment of the invention is a laminated composite pane (laminated glazing), in particular a (road, especially automobile) vehicle windshield, which especially is bent, comprising a first pane, preferably a glass sheet, with said external main face, referred to as F1, and an opposite main face (referred to as F2) and a second pane, preferably a glass sheet, with said internal main face, referred to as F4, on the interior side of the passenger compartment (and the opposite main face F3), the first and second glass sheets being connected by a lamination interlayer, made of a thermoplastic polymer material. In particular, the laminated glazing comprises: a first, optionally clear, extra-clear or tinted, in particular gray or green, preferably bent, glass sheet forming an exterior glazing, with first and second main faces respectively referred to as face F1 and face F2, if automotive vehicle with a thickness preferably of at most 2.5 mm, even of at most 2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even of at most 1.3 mm or of at most 1 mm, an optionally clear, extraclear or tinted, in particular gray or green, lamination interlayer made of, preferably thermoplastic, polymeric material and better still made of polyvinylbutyral (PVB), preferably, if automotive vehicle, with a thickness of at most 1.8 mm, better still of at most 1.2 mm and even of at most 0.9 mm (and better still of at least 0.3 mm and even of at least 0.6 mm), in particular set back from the edge face of the first pane by at most 2 mm and set back from the edge face of a second pane by at most 2 mm, the lamination interlayer optionally having a cross section which decreases in wedge shape from the top toward the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular a windshield), a second glass sheet, made of mineral glass, which preferably is bent and preferably is clear or extraclear, indeed even tinted, forming an interior glazing, with third and fourth main faces, if automotive vehicle with a thickness preferably less than that of the first glazing, even of at most 2 mm - in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm - or even of at most 1.3 mm or of at most 1 mm, the thickness of the first and second glass sheets SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0098] 15 preferably being strictly less than 4 mm, even than 3.7 mm. The interior and / or exterior glazing can be neutral (without coloration) or (slightly) tinted, in particular gray or green, such as the TSA glass from Saint-Gobain Glass. The interior and / or exterior glazing may have undergone a chemical or heat treatment of the hardening or annealing type or a tempering (in particular for better mechanical strength) or be semitempered.

[0099] Without departing from the scope of the invention, the interlayer can, of course, comprise several sheets made of thermoplastic of different natures, for example of different hardnesses in order to provide an acoustic function, such as, for example, described in the publication US 6 132 882 A, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses. Likewise, one of the glass sheets may be thinned with respect to the thicknesses conventionally used.

[0100] The interlayer can, according to an embodiment of the invention, exhibit a wedge shape, in particular for the purpose of an HUD (head-up display) application. Furthermore, one of the sheets of the interlayer can be tinted in its bulk. Mention may be made, as ordinary lamination interlayer, in addition to PVB, of flexible used polyurethane PU, a plasticizer-free thermoplastic, such as ethylene / vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, an ionomer resin. These plastics have, for example, a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular between 0.3 and 0.7 mm.

[0101] The lamination interlayer can comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example, a film made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) carrying an electrically conductive, a thermal layer, and the like; for example, PVB / functional plastic film / PVB between the faces F2 and F3.

[0102] The functional plastic film can have a thickness of between 10 and 100 pm. The functional plastic film can more broadly be made of polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). A clear film is preferred, in particular PET. Use may be made, as this, of, for example, a clear coated PET film, for example XI R from Eastman, a coextruded PET / PMMA film, for example of the SRF 3M®type, but also numerous other films (for example made of PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC), which are visually as transparent as possible and which are not modified, in the autoclave, as regards their surface and their consistency. SAI NT-GOBAI N SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0103] 16

[0104] In order to limit heating in the passenger compartment or to limit the use of air conditioning, one of the glass sheets at least (preferably the exterior glass) may be tinted, and the laminated glazing can also comprise a layer which reflects or absorbs solar radiation, preferably on face F4 or on face F2 or F3, in particular a transparent electrically conductive oxide layer referred to as TCO layer (on face F4) or even a stack of thin layers comprising at least one TCO layer, or stacks of thin layers comprising at least one silver layer (on F2 or F3), the or each silver layer being positioned between dielectric layers. It is possible to simultaneously have a (silver-containing) layer on face F2 and / or F3 and a TCO layer on face F4. The TCO layer (layer of a transparent electrically conductive oxide) is preferably a layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO:F) or a layer of mixed indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0105] The traversing hole in a laminated composite pane is thus at least composed of:

[0106] -a first traversing hole in a first pane, for example a glass sheet

[0107] -a second traversing hole in the lamination interlayer (single- or multisheets) and

[0108] -a third traversing hole in the second pane, for example glass sheet.

[0109] The first, second and third traversing holes have the same or similar axes of symmetry and preferably have identical widths (before and especially after lamination).

[0110] The traversing hole is preferably in a peripheral zone of the (laminated) vehicle glazing, preferably at the upper longitudinal edge and / or in a peripheral central region.

[0111] The shape and the dimensions of the traversing hole are configured according to the techniques of the art so as to collect effectively and selectively all the radiation passing through the vehicle glazing (windshield, back window, and the like), in particular, in the case of a camera, optical sensor, resulting from a solid angle range outside the vehicle and originating from the zone in front of the vehicle which is desired to be captured via the sensor and / or camera as infrared viewing system.

[0112] The traversing hole(s) can be prepared by usual mechanical methods like drilling, grinding and / or milling, etc. . Preferably, substantially cylindrical bores are produced. Drilling holes is usually done before the (glass) panes are heated (tempered or laminated). SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0113] 17

[0114] Preferably, the diameter of the bore is not less than the thickness of the glass panes, and the distance between traversing hole and the glass edge at least twice the thickness of the glass.

[0115] Usual methods for the production of holes in glass are water jet, laser jet or diamond drilling.

[0116] They can for example be executed computer-controlled with a high precision in the CNC method (Computer Numerical Control). In the case of the diamond drilling, the drilling can be carried out simultaneously from both sides so that no undesirable chipping occurs at the edges of the borehole. At the point where the drills meet, a more or less large burr is formed here, which can be removed by subsequent grinding.

[0117] Furthermore, the invention relates to an optical sensor arrangement device comprising:

[0118] - the vehicle glazing according to the invention as described above in its different embodiments,

[0119] - at least an optical sensor, preferably a thermal camera for infrared viewing at said range of wavelengths A, positioned in the passenger compartment behind the vehicle glazing so as to send and / or receive radiation passing through the insert.

[0120] The optical sensor, for example a thermal camera, is preferably placed in an encapsulation (housing) and an optical sensor applied in the encapsulation is preferably affixed to the surface of the vehicle glazing in the viewing field of the optically transparent sensor field. The encapsulation protects the optical sensor from contaminant particles and dust particles as well as undesired incidence of light. The encapsulation is preferably arranged in the upper region of the vehicle glazing, preferably not more than 30% of the height of the vehicle glazing away from the top (upper edge in mounted position). The encapsulation contains preferably a polymer, particularly preferably polybutylene terephthalate, polyamides, polycarbonate, polyurethanes, polybutylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyimides, polyesters, poly-ketones, polyether ether ketones, polymethyl methacrylate, mixtures, block polymers, and / or copolymers thereof. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0121] 18

[0122] The housing (encapsulation) is preferably bonded to the internal main face F2, F4 of the vehicle glazing via an optical transparent adhesive, particularly preferably acrylate adhesives, methyl methacrylate adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, poly-epoxides, silicone adhesives, and / or silane crosslinking polymer adhesives, mixtures and / or copolymers thereof. The encapsulation is preferably applied in the upper region of the vehicle glazing, preferably a windshield, preferably behind a masking strip.

[0123] The optical sensor arrangement device in a preferred embodiment comprises at least one temperature sensor and / or a control unit, functionally connected to the at least one heating element, for example the bord computer of a vehicle, for controlling and / or adjusting the at least one heating element.

[0124] The vehicle glazing of the invention in a preferred embodiment, has an optical sensor window module formed in a peripheral zone, by a traversing hole between the internal main face F2, F4 and the external main face F1 , comprising an insert having an exterior face, providing hydrophobic, water-repellent properties by a hydrophobic layer thereon. This hydrophobic layer thereby also preferably provides dirt repellent and / or self-cleaning functionality, as the surface shows a non-wettability character (water- repellent), this also implying dust-resistance and anti-fog properties, as well as at least adhered dirt or dust can be easily washed off the surface, for example by rain or a cleaning liquid applied thereon.

[0125] According to an embodiment, with the hydrophobic layer on the exterior face of the insert, it is possible to keep the sensor window in the vehicle glazing passively clear and clean for a longer period and to provide an easier active cleaning, for example by applying a cleaning liquid, like water (rain) or by use of a wiper system. Thus, the vehicle glazing of the invention according to an embodiment can improve the reliability of collision mitigation systems by detecting pedestrians in adverse visibility conditions, particularly at night, when more than 75% of pedestrian fatalities occur. It will also be possible for example, to reduce incidences of false positive alarms, like cars automatically braking when there is no danger, creating a risk of rear-end collisions, due to moisture or debris on the sensor window.

[0126] Known agents which can be used with embodiments of the invention for imparting this hydrophobicity / oleophobicity property of the exterior surface of the insert are, for SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0127] 19 example, fluorinated alkylsilanes as described in patent applications EP 0 492 417 A2, EP 0 492 545 A2 and EP 0 672 779 A2.

[0128] The hydrophobic layer according to an embodiment of the invention can in general be bonded to the insert either by chemical bonds or by physical absorption. The application on the insert can for example be done by spreading and / or spraying and / or wipe-on techniques, as well as known in the field or else, if applicable by atmospheric or vacuum plasma deposition. Depending on the hydrophobic layer, curing or crosslinking of the hydrophobic layer can be necessary. This can be done preferably by UV radiation, thermal treatment, or atmospheric humidity.

[0129] In general, the advantage of the hydrophobic / oleophobic layer of the exterior face of the insert according to an embodiment is twofold. Firstly, it allows drops of water or of other liquid to flow on vertical or inclined vehicle glazing easier, for example by gravity or under the effect, as the case may be, of aerodynamic forces, for example in the case of a vehicle in motion. Furthermore, these drops that flow incorporate soiling, like dust particles, and entrains it, providing for a long-lasting, optically transparent and clear sensor field (also named viewing zone or FOV or beam path of the sensor)

[0130] In one preferred embodiment of the vehicle glazing, the hydrophobic layer is a mono- or multilayer hydrophobic coating or a hydrophobic surface structure on the exterior face of the insert, each at least transparent in the range of working wavelengths of a sensor, preferably at least transparent in the range of wavelengths A. In addition, the hydrophobic coating preferably is also transparent in the range of wavelengths B.

[0131] The hydrophobic layer, being the exterior surface to the atmosphere of the insert according to an embodiment is preferably positioned generally flush or slightly set back with the surface F1 of the vehicle glazing.

[0132] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, a hydrophobic coating used as hydrophobic layer has a total thickness in a range D of at least 1 nm, preferably from 1 nm to 20 pm, for example from 10 nm to 500 nm, or from 10 nm to 300 nm, or at least 20 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 20 pm. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0133] 20

[0134] Furthermore, according to an embodiment, the material of the insert and / or the hydrophobic layer is transparent and exhibits an infrared optical transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 60%, 65% or 70% in the range A, in particular a variation in infrared optical transmission of at most 5% or 3% or 2% (flat spectrum) in the range A.

[0135] In the description, like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views shown in the figures. It is also understood that, unless otherwise specified, terms such as “top,” “bottom,” “outward,” “inward,” and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms. In addition, whenever a group is described as comprising at least one of a group of elements and combinations thereof, it is understood that the group may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any number of those elements recited, either individually or in combination with each other. Similarly, whenever a group is described as consisting of at least one of a group of elements or combinations thereof, it is understood that the group may consist of any number of those elements recited, either individually or in combination with each other. Unless otherwise specified, a range of values, when recited, includes both the upper and lower limits of the range. As used herein, the indefinite articles “a,” “an,” and the corresponding definite article “the” means “at least one” or “one or more,” unless otherwise specified.

[0136] Certain advantageous, but nonlimiting embodiments of the present invention are described below in examples and figures, which can, of course, be combined with one another, if appropriate.

[0137] To check the de-icing performances of an embodiment of the invention having a heating element inside the frame-like holder part being a mounting ring (carrier ring), a computer simulation of a de-icing test has been performed as an example and comparative example. The boundary conditions are the following:

[0138] • 440g / m2of ice on the glass surface

[0139] • Temperature -20°C

[0140] This a typical OEM scenario for checking the de-icing time of a sensor window, for example for use with an ADAS camera. The de-icing time should generally not exceed 10-12 minutes. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0141] 21

[0142] The conditions and results of the example according to the invention and a comparison example are shown below.

[0143] Table 1 Computer Simulation Results

[0144] The simulation of a ZnS crystal insert with a 41 mm diameter with an integrated heating element in the carrier ring show that full de-icing of the surface is achieved after six minutes. With this configuration, also a challenging de-icing requirement of an OEM of less than 7 minutes would be fulfilled.

[0145] In comparison, under the same conditions, but with a heating element, which is not comprised in the holder part of the optical sensor window module, for example which is located outside the carrier ring, for de-icing the same area, more than nine minutes would be needed.

[0146] The results of the computer simulation also show that advantageously, according to the invention, less power consumption is needed while being more effective at the same time. However, for applying a usual 12 V on-board voltage of a vehicle (car batterie), as a power source, additional resistance can be provided to avoid an overheating. This could be realized for example by an appropriate selection of the heating element material. For example, carbon or carbon-containing composite materials could be used. The resistance can also be increased by e.g. metallic wire design, for example by using a zig zag pattern to create more length or changing the thickness of the metallic wire to lower diameter, e.g. to <100 pm. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0147] 22

[0148] Additionally, the total performance of an optical sensor arrangement device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention in comparison to a conventional sensor arrangement device with a glazing having a defined viewing zone (beam path) which might be heatable, but the viewing zone of the pane is not replaced by an optical sensor window module, is significantly improved. The advantage of the invention is two-fold in respect to the quality of the data detection and measurement. On the one hand, the transmission for the electromagnetic wavelength of the sensor is improved by using the insert having a sensor-adapted transparency and, additionally, the insert shows an improved heatability in comparison to the pane material.

[0149] In the following, the invention is explained in detail with reference to drawings. The drawings in no way restrict the invention.

[0150] They depict:

[0151] FIG. 1 a top view of the vehicle glazing comprising an optical sensor window module according to an embodiment of the invention,

[0152] FIG. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d each an enlarged section Z of Figure 1 according to different embodiments of the invention,

[0153] FIG. 3a, 3b, 3c a cross-section X-X’ of the vehicle glazing of Fig.1 in different embodiments.

[0154] Figure 1 shows a top view of a vehicle glazing 100, preferably a windshield, according to an embodiment of the invention comprising an optical sensor window module 10, with an insert 2 and a frame-like holder part 4 comprising at least one heating element 5, the area of the insert 2 being or at least comprising the area of the vehicle glazing that supplies a sensor, for example a camera 7 (for example depicted in FIG. 3a) with the appropriate optical and electromagnetic data or signals. The insert 2 thus, being the sensor window (beam path, FOV Field of View), according to the embodiment of the invention has a high transmission for the appropriate optical and electromagnetic signals in the working wavelengths of the sensor(s) or camera(s) 7, preferably at least in the infrared spectrum above 3 pm. In the shown embodiment, the optical sensor window module 10 with the insert 2 and the frame-like holder part 4 comprising the at least one heating element 5 is located at the upper edge R of the vehicle glazing 100 directed to the roof of a vehicle, (opposite the lower, motor edge M) in an area with an enlarged opaque area, for example a black print masking strip 8, masking the sensor 7 SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0155] 23 and a respective housing to the exterior to provide for an aesthetic appearance of the vehicle glazing 100. However, the optical sensor window module 10 can also be positioned in another region of a windshield, or even in another glazing of a vehicle. With the at least one heating element 5 comprised in the frame-like holder part 4 and thus, located adjacent to the insert 2 being the sensor window and beam path B (shown in Fig.3a) an improved de-icing and defogging function can be achieved. The at least one heating element 5 can be functionally connected to a power supply. Additionally, the at least one heating element 5 can be functionally connected to at least one sensor (not shown), for example temperature or moisture sensor and / or to a control unit (not shown), for example the bord computer of a vehicle to control, regulate and / or adjust the heating element based on the data detected.

[0156] The vehicle glazing 100 of the invention can be a composite pane, when used as windshield, but the vehicle glazing 100 can also be monolithic, for example a single tempered glass sheet as a side or rear window of a vehicle.

[0157] Figures 2a to 2d each show a plan view of the enlarged area Z of the vehicle glazing 100 of different embodiments according to the invention shown in Figure 1 . In the shown embodiments, the traversing hole with the included and mounted optical sensor window module 10 comprising the insert 2 and both the frame-like holder part 4 and the heating element 5 in form of a ring, completely surrounding the insert 2. The optical sensor window module 10 is located in the middle, upper edge R (roof edge) opposite the lower (motor edge) M in mounted position of the vehicle glazing 100, preferably a windshield, for example of a passenger car. However, it can also be in another region of the windshield or even in another glazing of a vehicle. In Figure 2a, the heating element 5 shown as dashed ring line, is for example a metallic wire integrated and embedded in the frame-like holder part 4. The heating element is functionally connected to a power supply (not shown) in a usual manner, for example to the vehicle batterie.

[0158] In the embodiment shown in Figure 2b, the heating element 5 is located on the outer surface of the frame-like holder part (carrier ring) 4, directed to the side wall of the vehicle glazing. In Figure 2c, the heating element 5 is located on the inner surface of the frame-like holder part 4 directed to the insert 2. The heating element 5 can for example be a coating on the inner or outer surface of the carrier ring 4, for example an SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0159] 24

[0160] Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coating, or a coating containing silver or a silver alloy, gold, tungsten, a graphite-containing coating or graphene.

[0161] In Figure 2d, the frame-like holder part 4 itself is made of an electrically conductive material, for example an electrically conductive polymer material or an electrically conductive polymer composite material. In other words, in this embodiment, the framelike holder part 4 is formed as an electrically conductive carrier ring, which is heatable and thus is the heating element.

[0162] FIG. 3a shows a cross-sectional view of a vehicle glazing 100, in a preferred embodiment as laminated composite pane (laminated glazing), in particular a (road, especially automobile) vehicle windshield, comprising a first pane 1a, preferably a glass sheet, with said external main face, referred to as F1 , and an opposite main face (referred to as F2) and a second pane 1 b, preferably a glass sheet, with said internal main face, referred to as F4, on the interior side of the passenger compartment (and the opposite main face F3), the first and second glass sheets 1a, 1b being connected by a lamination interlayer 3, made of a thermoplastic polymer material. On the interior face F2, for example (or in other embodiments, on F1 and / or on face F3 or F4), preferably an opaque coating, for example a black masking print 8, such as a layer of black lacquer or enamel, is applied over the entire surface of the glazing positioned facing the device incorporating the thermal camera 7 as optical sensor (thus, over the entire circumference of the traversing hole), including its housing so as to hide the latter. The housing (not shown) can be adhesively bonded to the face F4 by an adhesive and for example to the roof of the vehicle. The housing for example can be made of plastic, metal, and the like.

[0163] The opaque layer as masking print 8 can extend beyond the peripheral zone with the optical sensor window module 10. Optionally, the (side) extension of the opaque layer forms a strip along the upper edge of the traversing hole in order for the windshield to have an opaque (black) strip along the upper longitudinal edge, indeed even an opaque (black) frame over the whole of the periphery.

[0164] In the peripheral zone opposite the camera 7, the vehicle glazing 100 according to the embodiment comprises a traversing hole between the internal main face F4 and the external main face F1 which hole is delimited by a side wall of the vehicle glazing SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0165] 25

[0166] (glass 1a / PVB 3 / glass 1 b). In said traversing hole, an optical sensor window module 10 according to an embodiment of the invention is included and fixed, comprising an insert 2 made of a material having a crystalline structure, which is at least transparent in a range A of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum above 3 pm, and a frame-like holder part 4, preferably a carrier ring, comprising at least one heating element 5. The optical sensor window module 10 can be fixed to the side wall of the traversing hole, for example via an adhesive connection or press-fit. Advantageously, the sensor window formed by the traversing hole between the internal main face F4 and the external main face F1 , comprising the optical sensor window module 10 with the crystalline insert 2 and the frame-like holder part 4 with the heating element 5, is significantly improved. The heating element 5 in this embodiment is integrated into the frame-like holder part 4, for example as a metallic wire. Thus, the heating element 5 is located adjacent to the insert 2 and, due to the close position, provides an efficient and reliable defogging and de-icing functionality. Thus, the vehicle glazing 100 of the invention with the improved optical sensor window module 10 comprising the frame-like holder part 4 with the heating element 5 can improve the reliability of collision mitigation systems by detecting pedestrians in adverse visibility conditions, particularly at night, when more than 75% of pedestrian fatalities occur. It will also be possible for example, to reduce incidences of false positive alarms, like cars automatically braking when there is no danger, creating a risk of rear-end collisions, due to moisture or ice on the sensor window.

[0167] The insert 2 preferably has a thickness E0 of less than or equal to 10 mm, in particular between 3 mm and 6 mm, for example between 4 mm and 5 mm. Preferably the thickness E0 of the insert 2 is adapted to the thickness of the vehicle glazing 100 such that the insert 2 is positioned generally flush or slightly set back to the surfaces F1 and F4 in a laminated composite pane (or F2 in a monolithic, single pane).

[0168] The material of the insert 2 might also be transparent in the visible spectrum at a reference wavelength of between 300 nm and 600 nm and better still transparent in the visible region at least in a range B extending from 450 nm to 600 nm.

[0169] The material of the insert 2 preferably exhibits an infrared (optical) transmission of at least 50% and better still of at least 65% in said range A and a light transmission of at least 30% and better still of at least 40% at the reference wavelength and better still in the range B. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0170] 26

[0171] The insert 2 in a preferred embodiment has an exterior face and an interior face and a hydrophobic layer (not shown) on the exterior face exposed to the atmosphere and optionally on the interior face of the insert directed to the sensor 7 in the housing. The hydrophobic modification of the exterior surface of the insert 2 provides for an improved cleanability.

[0172] It is possible to add at least another optical sensor, for example an additional camera which is optical recovering the light rays after crossing the insert 2 or simply to add optical sensors detecting in the range B.

[0173] Figure 3b shows a cross-section of the vehicle glazing 100 in another preferred embodiment of the one shown in figure 1 , wherein the heating element 5 is provided on the outer surface of the frame-like holder part 4. The heating element 5 can be an electrically conductive and thus heatable coating or an electrically heatable film. The heatable coating can for example be an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating, a coating containing silver or a silver-containing alloy, a coating containing gold, aluminum, tungsten or copper, a graphite-containing coating or graphene.

[0174] The heating element 5 as “electrically heatable film” means a flat film that can electrically be heated. It can, for example, be a polymer film that is coated with an electrically heatable coating. It can also be a polymer film (foil) onto which conductor tracks made of a metallic material are applied. For example, the polymer film contains or consists of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (Pll), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), or polyesters or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof. Particularly preferably, the polymer film provided with the heatable coating or conductor tracks contains polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Such heatable films and methods for production of the same are known in the art. Alternatively, the electrically heatable film can also be a film a made of an electrically conductive polymer. Preferably, the electrically heatable film is a thin plastic layer onto which conductor tracks made of metallic material are applied. In general, such electrically heatable films are known in the art.

[0175] Figure 3c shows another preferred embodiment of the vehicle glazing 100, wherein the heating element 5 is provided on the inner surface of the frame-like holder part 4 facing the insert 2. The heating element 5 can be an electrically conductive and thus heatable SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0176] 27 coating or an electrically heatable film as described for Figure 3b. According to the shown embodiment of the invention, the frame-like holder part 4 has an interior end with a collar C formed thereon, which lies flat on the internal main face F2, F4 of the vehicle glazing 100 and preferably is fixed thereto for example by an optically transparent adhesive. This provides for an easier handling in the manufacture process and a stable, durable and safer mounting of the optical sensor window module 10 within the glazing is ensured.

[0177] A liquid optical transparent I clear adhesive (LOCA) is preferably chosen from acrylate adhesives, methyl methacrylate adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, poly-epoxides, silicone adhesives, and / or silane crosslinking polymer adhesives, mixtures and / or copolymers thereof.

[0178] SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT

[0179] 28

[0180] List of reference numbers

[0181] 100 vehicle glazing

[0182] 10 optical sensor window module

[0183] 1a, 1b first, second pane

[0184] 2 insert

[0185] 3 thermoplastic interlayer

[0186] 4 frame-like holder part

[0187] 5 heating element

[0188] 7 optical sensor, for example thermal camera

[0189] 8 opaque masking print

[0190] 11 exterior side (of a vehicle)

[0191] 12 compartment side (of a vehicle)

[0192] 200 optical sensor arrangement device

[0193] B beam path of optical sensor (depicted as dashed arrows)

[0194] C collar

[0195] E0 given thickness of the insert

[0196] M motor edge

[0197] R roof edge

[0198] F1 external main face of the first pane

[0199] F2 internal main face of the first pane

[0200] F3 external main face of the second pane

[0201] F4 internal main face of the second pane

Claims

1. SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT29Claims1 . An optical sensor window module (10) for use in a vehicle glazing (100), wherein the optical sensor window module (10) is to be arranged in a traversing hole delimited by a side wall of the vehicle glazing (100), wherein the optical sensor window module (10) comprises a frame-like holder part (4) and an insert (2) made of material having a crystalline structure, which is at least transparent in a sensor- adapted range of wavelengths, preferably in a range of wavelengths A in the infrared spectrum above 3 pm, and wherein the frame-like holder part (4) comprises at least one heating element (5) connectable to a power supply.

2. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 1 , wherein the framelike holder part (4), preferably a carrier ring, is made of an electrically conductive material as heating element (5).

3. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 2, wherein the electrically conductive material is an electrically conductive polymer material or an electrically conductive polymer composite material.

4. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 3, wherein the electrically conductive polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polyaniline (PAni), poly-3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT) with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) as a counterion and doped polyacetylene (PAC), or the electrically conductive polymer composite material is selected from the group consisting of polyoxymethylene copolymers (POM-C) with carbon, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with carbon, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with carbon and polydimethyldisiloxane (PDMS) with carbon.

5. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 1 , wherein the framelike holder part (4) comprises at least one carrier ring made of a polymer material, preferably containing a polycarbonate, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA66), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene-polycarbonate (ABS-PC), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), mixtures, block polymers,SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT30 and / or copolymers thereof, and at least one conductor element as heating element (5).

6. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 5, wherein the conductor element is at least one metallic wire integrated into the polymer material of the carrier ring.

7. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 5, wherein the conductor element is at least one electrically conductive coating and / or electrically heatable film on the carrier ring.

8. The optical sensor window module (10) according to claim 5, wherein the framelike holder part (4) comprises at least two carrier rings made of polymer material and at least one metallic ring as conductor element as heating element (5) embedded between two carrier rings.

9. The optical sensor window module (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the material having a crystalline structure of the insert (2) exhibits an infrared optical transmission of at least 25%, preferably of at least 50%, in said range A.

10. The optical sensor window module (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the material having a crystalline structure of the insert (2) is additionally transparent in the visible region and preferably exhibits an optical transmission of at least 50%, preferably of at least 70%, in a range B at a reference wavelength of between 400 nm and 750 nm.

11. The optical sensor window module (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the material having a crystalline structure of the insert (2) is polycrystalline.

12. The optical sensor window module (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the material having a crystalline structure of the insert (2) is chosen from: a zinc compound comprising selenium and / or sulfur, or a compound comprising barium fluoride, or diamond, sapphire (AI2O3), germanium (Ge) or silicon (Si) or a material compound comprising the same.SAINT-GOBAIN SEKURIT FRANCE 2024284-WO-PCT3113. The optical sensor window module (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the material having a crystalline structure of the insert (2) is chosen from: a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulfide, especially obtained after hot isostatic pressing, a compound comprising a zinc selenide, or germanium.

14. A vehicle glazing (100) comprising an external main face (F1) configured to be directed toward an exterior side (11) of a vehicle and an internal main face (F2, F4) configured to be oriented toward a passenger compartment side (12) of a vehicle, comprising an optical sensor window module (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the optical sensor window module (10) is located in a peripheral zone of the vehicle glazing (100) and arranged in a traversing hole between the internal main face (F2, F4) and the external main face (F1), which traversing hole is delimited by a side wall of the vehicle glazing (100).

15. The vehicle glazing (100) according to claim 14, wherein a peripheral edge, at least the peripheral zone comprising the optical sensor window module (10), is provided with an opaque masking print.

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