Pane comprising a resistance heating arrangement

Abstract

The invention relates to a pane comprising a resistance heating arrangement having a heating coating and two opposing conductor elements, wherein the heating coating is applied over the full area between the two conductor elements on a surface of the pane, and wherein the heating coating is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements in order to generate heat, and wherein the heating coating comprises a high-resistivity material.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Disc with resistance heating arrangement

[0003] The invention relates to a disc with a resistance heating arrangement, as well as a control for the resistance heating arrangement of the disc and a vehicle with the disc with resistance heating arrangement.

[0004] Windscreens with resistance heating elements use electrical resistance to generate heat. The heating element is mounted on the windscreen itself, which is typically installed in vehicles, for example as the rear window, to clear ice and snow from the vehicle in cold temperatures. A windscreen heater usually contains thin silver heating elements, which, in the case of laminated glass (e.g., safety glass), are printed onto the inner surface of the laminated glass. Alternatively, wires, such as tungsten wires, can be stitched into the PVB interlayer of the laminated glass.

[0005] US 2018 / 139803 A1 discloses a disk with an electric heating layer, comprising at least: a disk with a surface, at least one electric heating layer applied to at least part of the surface and comprising at least one uncoated zone, at least two busbars for connection to a voltage source, connected to the electric heating layer in such a way that a current path for a heating current is formed between the busbars, and n dividing lines electrically dividing the electric heating layer into m segments, where n is an integer > 1 and m = n+1, wherein the segments are arranged in a strip around the uncoated zone such that the current path for the heating current is at least partially routed around the uncoated zone and the widths of the segments are equal and the sum of the widths of the segments is equal to the width of the electric heating layer.

[0006] US 2023 / 130714 A1 discloses a composite pane comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer connecting the inner surface of the outer pane with the outer surface of the inner pane, wherein the composite pane has at least one solar control coating comprising silver between the outer pane and the inner pane, and which substantially reflects or absorbs rays outside the visible spectrum of solar radiation, in particular infrared rays.

[0007] US 2024 / 009967 A1 discloses a projection arrangement for a head-up display, comprising at least a windshield, comprising an outer pane and an inner pane connected to each other via a thermoplastic interlayer, with a HUD area; and a projector directed at the HUD area and emitting p-polarized radiation, wherein a reflective coating suitable for reflecting p-polarized radiation and comprising exactly one electrically conductive layer based on silver is arranged on the surface of the outer pane or the inner pane facing the interlayer or within the interlayer; and an emissivity-reducing coating comprising an electrically conductive layer based on a transparent conductive oxide is arranged on the surface of the inner pane facing away from the interlayer.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an improved window heating system.

[0009] This problem is solved by the disc according to claim 1, the control unit according to claim 7 and the vehicle according to claim 9.

[0010] Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0011] Embodiments of the invention relate to an improved window heater, for example as a rear window for a vehicle, which is also suitable for use at high voltages (e.g. 48-800 V, over 500 V, or 800-1600 V), for example with a power supply from vehicle electrical systems with a voltage over 12 V, e.g. 24-60 V, or with a power supply from high-voltage vehicle electrical systems, which are also used for charging and vehicle propulsion, with a voltage of over 500 V (e.g. > 800 V, such as 800-1600 V).

[0012] It was recognized that the electrical resistance must be sufficiently high to ensure the application and safety of the resistance heating arrangement at high voltages, which is achieved through the heating coating made of high-resistance material. Because the heating coating is full-surface and made of high-resistance material, a significantly higher heating power is also possible compared to previous solutions, allowing for faster and more efficient defrosting and dehumidification of the glass. Furthermore, the high operating voltage necessitates a smaller cable cross-section. Additionally, the full-surface heating coating allows for simpler and more cost-effective application compared to thin printed heating elements or quilted wires.

[0013] For this purpose, a disk according to the invention with a resistance heating arrangement comprises a heating coating and two opposing conductor elements, wherein the heating coating is applied over the entire area between the two conductor elements on a surface of the disk, and wherein the heating coating is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements in order to heat, and wherein the heating coating comprises a high-resistance material.

[0014] The pane can be a laminated glass pane comprising at least an outer pane, an inner pane, and a plastic interlayer (e.g., PVB film) positioned between the outer and inner panes. The surface on which the heating coating is applied can be a surface on the inner side of either the inner or outer pane, facing the plastic interlayer.

[0015] Alternatively, the pane can consist of only one pane, for example in the case of tempered safety glass (ESG pane), or it can consist of more than two panes. ESG pane is a safety glass that is made resistant and shatterproof through thermal treatment.

[0016] Laminated glass can be another type of safety glass (VSG pane) produced by laminating two or more glass panes, which can also be made of plastic, using plastic films as an interlayer. In this design, an outer pane and an inner pane are bonded together by this plastic interlayer. This construction can provide increased strength and safety because, in the event of breakage, the fragments adhere to the plastic film and do not fly out. Additionally, laminated glass allows for the application of special coatings to the inner surfaces of the glass panes facing the plastic film; these coatings can also contribute to the pane's thermal insulation.

[0017] The outer pane and the inner pane can refer to two glass panes used in a laminated glass construction, such as a rear window. The outer pane is the outer pane, facing an exterior surface (e.g., of the vehicle) and thus exposed to environmental influences like ice, snow, and rain. The inner pane, on the other hand, is the inner pane, facing the interior surface (e.g., of a vehicle). Both panes are bonded together by a plastic interlayer. Depending on the design, heating coatings can be applied to the inner surfaces (facing the plastic interlayer) of the inner pane, the outer pane, or both.

[0018] The plastic interlayer can be an essential component of laminated glass, bonding the two glass panes together. This film can be made of various plastic materials, with polyvinyl butyral (PVB) being frequently used due to its excellent adhesion to glass and high transparency. The film can also have UV-absorbing properties to reduce harmful ultraviolet rays. The film's thickness can vary depending on the specific safety and insulating requirements of the pane. In certain designs, the film can also be colored or tinted to provide additional sun protection or privacy.

[0019] The heating coating serves to provide heat when needed. This coating can convert supplied electrical power into heat, for example via electrical resistance within the coating, thus generating a heating effect.

[0020] The fact that the heating coating is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements can mean that the heating coating is designed to absorb electrical current through the conductor elements and convert it into heat. This means that the coating is designed to accept an electrical current flow when connected to a power source.

[0021] Connection to a power source is achieved via the conductor elements, which serve as contacts. These conductor elements can be made of metal, such as silver or copper. The heating element is applied across the entire surface, without interruption, between the two conductor elements. "Full surface" means that the heating element consists of a single, continuous area, forming a closed structure, which enables efficient and homogeneous heating. Local recesses, cutouts, or indentations may be present, for example, at the edge or in the center of the heating element, to accommodate other electronic components.

[0022] It is also possible that the heating coating has no cutouts or indentations at its edge. This ensures rapid and homogeneous heating, as the heat is distributed evenly across the entire pane. This allows for quick and uniform heating of the pane surface.

[0023] For example, the contacts can be designed as busbars, such as a metal strip (e.g., a copper strip). The two conductor elements can thus act as two busbars. Accordingly, the area of ​​the disk's surface between the two opposing busbars can be completely covered by the heating layer, enabling a homogeneous heat distribution and therefore homogeneous heating of the disk.

[0024] The conductor elements can, for example as a busbar, contact the heating coating along a vertical or horizontal edge of the disc in order to improve power distribution in the heating layer and enable homogeneous heating.

[0025] The heating coating made of high-resistance material also has the advantage, unlike heating conductor lines or coatings made of silver, of being able to withstand high heating powers, i.e., even at high heating powers, it heats below or only up to the maximum temperature allowed for the disc, and thus does not cause the disc to shatter.

[0026] A high-resistance material is one that exhibits high electrical resistance, thus hindering the flow of electric current. This makes it suitable for heating applications at high voltages, for example, above 12 V (e.g., 48–800 V) or above 500 V (e.g., > 800 V, such as 800 V to 1600 V). A high-resistance material can have a specific resistance of 0.2–0.26 pQm. Consequently, the resistance of the conductive material used in the heating element can be higher, for example, 15–16 times higher than that of silver, enabling the same heating power at high voltages, such as 48 V, as with a standard 12-volt disc.

[0027] For example, the heating coating made of high-resistance material can have a specific surface resistance of over 10 Ω / □ (ohms per square), e.g., 15 to 25 Ω / □ (ohms per square), and / or up to a maximum of 50 Ω / □ (ohms per square). These surface resistances are suitable, for example, for voltages above 500 V (e.g., > 800 V, such as 800 V to 1600 V). Thus, the corresponding windshield heater can, for example, also be operated via a high-voltage battery, such as those used to power an electric vehicle, with voltages above 500 V (e.g., > 800 V, approximately 800–1600 V).

[0028] High-resistance materials can consist of a variety of materials, including metals, metal oxides, semiconductors and possibly also at a transition to insulators, such as ceramics.

[0029] The high-resistance material can include tin, ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluoro-doped tin oxide (e.g., SnO₂:F)), nickel silver (e.g., CuNi₁₂Zn₂₄), an alloy according to DIN 17470 (e.g., NiCr₃₀₂₀), and / or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (e.g., ZnO:Al). Each of these materials has a higher resistance than silver and is therefore suitable for high-voltage applications. Consequently, the high-resistance material can consist of one of the aforementioned materials, or more—in fact, any combination of them.

[0030] For example, a coating made of ITO (ITO layer) is conceivable. An ITO layer is a thin, semiconducting coating consisting of indium tin oxide. It is transparent in the visible spectrum and has the property of reflecting infrared light well.

[0031] A heating coating made of FTO (FTO layer) is also conceivable. The FTO layer is another type of high-resistance heating coating consisting of fluorine-doped tin oxide. Similar to ITO, FTO is transparent in the visible spectrum. This also makes FTO a suitable material for heating coatings in transparent panels.

[0032] All materials, e.g. ITO and FTO, can be applied to the surface of the disc using various techniques, such as sputtering or spraying, such as slurry / gel spraying, or printing processes (e.g. screen printing).

[0033] The heating coating can be protected by a protective layer. For example, if the heating coating is applied to a user-accessible side, such as the inside of a tempered safety glass (ESG) window in a vehicle, a protective glass layer can be applied over the heating coating using glass frit. This layer prevents access to or contact with the heating coating by the user. The glass frit can be applied together with the protective layer or over it. By heating the glass frit along with the glass, the low-temperature glass frit can be fused to the glass and then cooled, thus securing the heating coating and ensuring it remains firmly bonded to the glass.

[0034] ITO and FTO heating elements can be powered with 200-400V, or with over 500V, e.g., 800-1600V. With such a heating layer, a heating output of, for example, 11 kW is possible instead of the usual 0.5 kW, which corresponds to approximately 20 times the previous heating output. Heating a pane of glass is typically done with 12V.

[0035] Because the heating element is designed to operate at high voltage, it enables efficient heating. The increased heating power resulting from the high voltage allows for situation-specific heating. This means heating faster (more intensely) because heat loss is then reduced, thus saving energy. Furthermore, the heating power can be precisely controlled over the heating period. Consequently, energy efficiency is increased, and the defrosting process is accelerated, for example, to 30 seconds. This allows the windshield to be heated quickly and efficiently, which is particularly useful in cold seasons for defrosting or dehumidifying the windshield. The rapid heating reduces heat loss, thereby increasing the efficiency of defrosting and dehumidifying and saving energy.

[0036] As already described, the heating coating can be transparent, i.e., the high-resistance material can be applied as a layer that is transparent in the visible spectrum.

[0037] The heating coating can be a single layer or consist of several layers.

[0038] The resistance heating arrangement and / or the heating coating can cover the disc completely or partially.

[0039] The conductive elements, for example as a busbar, can also limit the portion of the glass, for example vertically and / or horizontally, that a driver can see when looking in the rearview mirror when using it as a rear window in a vehicle (the visible area of ​​the glass). Thus, the heating coating can completely cover the visible area. Other parts of the glass can, for example, remain free of the heating coating. Since the heating coating can be transparent, the driver can still see through the visible area of ​​the rear window even when it is covered by the heating coating.

[0040] Unlike wires embedded in plastic film or printed heating conductor lines made of silver, a full-surface heating coating made of high-resistance material offers the advantage of improved visibility through the pane. Potential optical distortions, such as those occurring in the plastic interlayer of a laminated glass pane and caused by temperature gradients, are also avoided when the heating coating is applied to either the outer or inner pane of the laminated glass.

[0041] Some models incorporate an antenna located outside the full-surface area of ​​the heating coating. For example, if the heating coating only covers the viewing area, the antenna can be positioned elsewhere on the glass, such as at its periphery. This ensures that interference with antenna function and mobile phone reception, for instance, inside a vehicle, is avoided.

[0042] When applying the heating coating, either parts of the pane that are to be kept clear, for example for the antenna, can be masked, or the pane can be coated and then partially, i.e., in the areas of the pane to be kept clear, e.g. in the antenna area, stripped of the coating.

[0043] There are versions where the window is a rear window for a vehicle.

[0044] The disc can also be used for other vehicle windows, e.g., windshield, side windows, and roof window. Furthermore, the disc can also be used as a window pane for buildings.

[0045] A control unit according to the invention is designed to control the resistance heating arrangement of a disk according to one of the preceding embodiments, so that the heating power supplied to the heating coating can be adapted to ambient conditions.

[0046] A control unit can be an electronic device or system used to control or regulate the operating parameters or functions of other devices or systems. In this case, the control unit is designed to control the heating coating of a pane, such as a laminated glass pane. To do this, it can regulate and adjust the amount of electrical power supplied to the resistance heating element or the heating coating. This regulation and adjustment can be based on various parameters or environmental conditions.

[0047] Originally, heating the glass pane usually works via a fixed timer and a control switch that starts the heating process. However, with the control unit, the heating power or heating time can be adjusted based on ambient conditions.

[0048] The heating power supplied to the resistance heating element can be controlled by the control unit, for example, by regulating the amount of electrical power supplied to the heating element. This can be achieved, for instance, by controlling the voltage or current supplied to the heating element from a power source. The power source could be a battery or a generator. The control unit can be configured to automatically adjust the heating power, for example, based on current environmental conditions or user input.

[0049] The environmental conditions can encompass various factors or parameters that may influence the operating conditions or requirements of the resistance heating system. Examples of such environmental conditions include the outside temperature, the vehicle's interior temperature, humidity, or solar radiation. The control unit can receive information about the current environmental conditions from various sensors or input devices that may be located in or around the vehicle.

[0050] Furthermore, the control unit can retrieve this information from a network via an interface. Such a network can be a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which may be based on the IEEE 802.11 standard and can be used in home networks, offices, and public areas. Another network option is a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN), such as Bluetooth, Wireless USB, ZigBee, and Z-Wave. The network can also be a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN), such as cellular technologies like LTE and 5G. A Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) is also possible. Other network options include a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), such as networks consisting of distributed sensors that collect and wirelessly transmit environmental data. These are often used in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT).A satellite network is another possible network option, utilizing satellites for global communication and data transmission, particularly in remote areas. Furthermore, a wireless mesh network is also an option, where the devices themselves act as routers and forward data.

[0051] Based on this information, the control unit can then adjust the heating power supplied to the resistance heating arrangement accordingly, in order to ensure efficient operation.

[0052] Heating function to provide fast and efficient defrosting and dehumidification in winter.

[0053] Based on the information and a corresponding (predefined) characteristic map, the control unit can regulate the heating output. Furthermore, sensors could be used to monitor the heating process and generate a feedback signal, thereby controlling the heating. Multiple sensors can be used for this purpose.

[0054] Furthermore, the resistance heating arrangement can be controlled via the control unit using pulse-width modulation (PWM). The PWM can be dependent on ambient temperature and speed. Additionally, high-frequency filters can be used to prevent negative interference with the antenna.

[0055] Furthermore, the pulse-width modulation (PWM) modeling can be configured to avoid steep edges, thus preventing the switches from overheating. Additionally, switch cooling can be employed if the switches in the PWM model do become hot. Finally, low-frequency switching signals (e.g., less than 100 Hz) can be used.

[0056] A vehicle according to the invention comprises a disc according to one of the preceding embodiments.

[0057] The vehicle in question can be a car, truck, bus, train, off-road vehicle, agricultural vehicle, construction vehicle, aircraft, ship, boat, or any other vehicle requiring a window. It can be a conventionally powered vehicle or an electric vehicle. The vehicle's window, for example, the rear window, is designed according to the specifications described above. A heating coating made of high-resistance material is applied to one surface of the window, thus ensuring the heating function, for example, for the rapid and efficient defrosting of the vehicle in winter.

[0058] The energy source for the heating function can be the vehicle's battery, for example a low-voltage battery or, in the case of electric vehicles, the high-voltage battery. Since the heating function of the windshield, as described above, operates particularly quickly and energy-efficiently, it is also ensured that the vehicle battery is not unnecessarily drained.

[0059] There are versions in which the vehicle, as described above, also includes a control unit as described above.

[0060] The control unit in the vehicle may be designed to control the windshield's resistance heating element. It can regulate and adjust the amount of electrical power supplied to the heating element. This can be done based on various parameters or environmental conditions, such as the outside temperature, the vehicle's interior temperature, humidity, or solar radiation.

[0061] The control unit can receive information about the current environmental conditions from various sensors or input devices located in or around the vehicle. Based on this information, the control unit can then adjust the heating power supplied to the resistance heating element to provide efficient heating for rapid and effective defrosting and dehumidification of the windshield in winter. The power supplied to the heating element can be provided by a power source, such as a battery or generator, and can be regulated or controlled by the control unit.

[0062] The control unit can be configured to automatically adjust the heating output, for example based on current environmental conditions or user input. It can, for instance, have a network interface through which it can retrieve current environmental data or be operated.

[0063] Integrating the control unit into the vehicle allows for optimal use of the window, for example the rear window, and improves vehicle performance. Efficient defrosting and dehumidification also improves the vehicle's efficiency. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are now described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing:

[0064] Fig. 1a shows a front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0065] Fig. 1b shows a front view of a disk with resistance heating arrangement and antenna according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0066] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through a laminated glass pane with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0067] Fig. 3 shows a vehicle with a disc with a resistance heating arrangement according to one embodiment;

[0068] Fig. 4 shows a vehicle with a disc with a resistance heating arrangement and antenna according to one embodiment; and

[0069] Fig. 5 shows a vehicle with a disc with resistance heating arrangement, a control unit and a power source according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0070] Fig. 1a shows a front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0071] A resistance heating arrangement 110 is arranged on the surface of the disk 100. This arrangement comprises a heating coating 104 applied to the surface of the disk 100, which is contacted via two busbars 111 with a power source (not visible). The heating coating 104 is applied over the entire surface between the two busbars 111 on one side of the disk 100.

[0072] The resistance heating arrangement 110 occupies only a part of the disc 100; for example, the area of ​​the disc 100 that is coated with heating coating 104 corresponds to a viewing area of ​​the disc 100, i.e., an area through which a user (e.g., driver of the vehicle 200, Fig. 2 and 3) can see, because this area is visible, for example, from a rearview mirror.

[0073] The free areas of the disk 100 without resistance heating arrangement 110 are located laterally, as well as above and below the resistance heating arrangement 110. Between the two busbars 111, the heating coating 104 covers the entire surface, i.e., there is no interruption, and there is also no recess in the heating coating 104. The heating coating 104 is a high-resistance material, such as an ITO or FTO layer.

[0074] An energy source can be connected to busbars 111 via cables (not visible), so that a current flows between busbars 111, with the high-resistance heating coating 104 acting as a resistor in the circuit, causing the heating coating 104 to heat up.

[0075] Heating coating 104, for example, has a surface resistance of >10Q / n, e.g. 15 £) / □.

[0076] Fig. 1b shows a front view of a disk with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0077] On the surface of the disk 100 is arranged a resistance heating arrangement 110 comprising heating coating 104 and busbars 111, as described in Fig. 1a.

[0078] Additionally, antenna 112 is arranged on the disk 100 above the resistance heating arrangement 110 in the free area, i.e., in the area of ​​the disk without the resistance heating arrangement 110. Antenna 112 is, for example, printed on the surface of the disk. The area of ​​the disk in which antenna 112 is arranged is the antenna area 112a, which lies outside the resistance heating arrangement 110 and thus outside the full-surface area of ​​the heating coating 104. Therefore, the signal of antenna 112 is not disturbed by the operation of the resistance heating arrangement 110.

[0079] The pane 100 from Fig. 1a and b can be a laminated glass pane 100a from Fig. 2.

[0080] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through a laminated glass pane 100a according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0081] Laminated glass pane 100a comprises outer pane 101, PVB film 103, heating coating 104 and inner pane 105. In this order, a light beam would travel from the outside to the inside (e.g. into a vehicle with laminated glass pane 100a).

[0082] The outer pane 101 is the first glass layer of the laminated glass pane 100a. The first side 101a is the outer surface of the outer pane 101 of the laminated glass pane 100, facing the outside. It is exposed to environmental influences such as wind, rain, and sunlight. The opposite side of the outer pane 101 is the second side 101b, which faces the plastic interlayer made of PVB film 103. PVB film 103 is positioned between the two glass layers. This polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film bonds the two glass layers together and increases the safety of the laminated glass pane 100a, as it holds the fragments in place in the event of breakage.

[0083] The inner pane 105 is the inner glass layer of the laminated glass pane 100a, which faces an interior space, e.g., of the vehicle 200 (Figs. 3 and 4). A heating coating 104 made of fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) or indium tin oxide (ITO) is applied to the third side 105a. The heating coating 104 can heat the laminated glass pane 100a by supplying electrical power. The third side 105a is the side of the inner pane 105 facing the PVB film 103. The fourth side 105b is the inner surface of the laminated glass pane 100a, which faces the interior space, e.g., of the vehicle 200 (Figs. 3 and 4).

[0084] In winter, the heating function enables fast and efficient defrosting and dehumidification of the laminated glass pane 100a.

[0085] Alternatively or in combination, a heating coating 104 and / or a resistance heating arrangement 110 can be arranged on the second side 101b. However, the arrangement of the resistance heating arrangement 10 on the third side 105a is advantageous in that, if the glass is damaged from the outside, for example by a stone chip, no moisture can penetrate and then come into contact with an energized / conductive heating coating 104.

[0086] Fig. 3 shows a vehicle with a disc with a resistance heating arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0087] Vehicle 200 comprises a pane 100 with a resistance heating arrangement 110 (e.g., laminated glass pane 100a, Fig. 2), as described in Fig. 1a and / or 2, which functions as a rear window. The busbars are arranged vertically and are not visible at the right and left peripheral edges of the rear window; for example, the busbars (111, Fig.

[0088] 1a and 1b) are arranged in the opaque, black side edge of the rear window. The heating coating 104 has a local indentation at its lower side edge to accommodate the through-hole for the windshield wiper 113. Alternatively, the window 100 can be configured without a through-hole and the heating coating 104 without a local indentation (e.g., as shown in Figs. 1a and 1b).

[0089] A windshield wiper 113 is arranged on the outer surface of the disc 100. The resistance heating element 110 of the disc 100 is connected to a power source of the vehicle 200, for example a battery (e.g. the high-voltage battery), via the vehicle 200's electrical system. The voltage of the vehicle 200 is, for example, 48 V.

[0090] For example, the resistance heating arrangement 110 is directly connected to the high-voltage battery (e.g.,

[0091] > 500 V, such as > 800 V, 800-1600 V). For example, the resistance heating arrangement 110 is connected via the vehicle's high-voltage electrical system, which is used for charging and propulsion, at a voltage level of, for example, > 500 V (e.g.,

[0092] > 800 V, 800-1600 V). In this case, the resistance heating arrangement 110 is designed and configured to withstand high voltages exceeding 500 V. For example, the high-resistance heating coating 104 of over 10 Q / n ensures that the resistance heating arrangement 110 can withstand high voltages exceeding 500 V.

[0093] Fig. 4 shows a vehicle with a disc with resistance heating arrangement and antenna according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0094] Vehicle 200 comprises a pane 100 with a resistance heating arrangement 110 (e.g., laminated glass pane 100a, Fig. 2), as described in Fig. 1b and / or 2, which functions as the rear window. The busbars are arranged vertically and invisibly along the right and left peripheral edges of the rear window; for example, the busbars (111, Fig. 1a, and 1b) can be located in the opaque, black edge of the rear window. The resistance heating arrangement 110 only partially covers the pane 100. The heating coating 104 has a local indentation at the lower edge to accommodate the opening for the windshield wiper 113. Furthermore, the antenna section 112a with antenna (e.g., 112, Fig. 1b) is arranged above the resistance heating arrangement 110. The antenna section 112a is located outside the resistance heating arrangement 110, above the heating coating 104.

[0095] Alternatively, the disc 100 can be configured without a through-hole and heating coating 104 without a local indentation (e.g., as shown in Figs. 1a and 1b). A windshield wiper 113 is arranged on the outer surface of the disc 100. The resistance heating element 110 of the disc 100 is connected to a power source of the vehicle 200, for example, a battery (e.g., the high-voltage battery), via the vehicle 200's electrical system. The voltage of the vehicle 200 is, for example, 48 V.

[0096] Fig. 5 shows a vehicle with a disc with resistance heating arrangement, a control unit and a power source according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0097] Vehicle 200 comprises disc 100 (e.g. laminated glass disc 100a from Fig.2), power source 202 and control unit 201.

[0098] The disk 100 is the disk as described in Fig. 1a and / or Fig. 1b. Power source 202 supplies electrical power to the heating layer 104 of the disk 100. This is shown by the connection to the lower left and right corners of the disk 100. The heating layer 104 of the disk 100 is contacted via the conductor elements, for example by means of busbars (e.g. 111, Fig. 1a, b) that run along one edge of the disk 100 on the left and right (for example below a black print on the disk 100).

[0099] Power source 202 can be a battery or a generator integrated into vehicle 200. The battery can be a conventional car battery or a high-voltage battery, such as those used in electric vehicles. The generator can be part of vehicle 200's motor and generate electrical energy by converting mechanical energy. Power source 202 supplies the electrical power, which is converted into heat by heating coating 104 to heat disc 100. The amount of electrical power supplied to heating coating 104 can be regulated by control unit 201 to ensure efficient heating.

[0100] Control unit 201 is an electronic device or system used to control or regulate the operating parameters or functions of other devices or systems. In this case, control unit 201 is designed to control the heating coating 104 or the resistance heating arrangement 110 of the disc 100. This is represented by the connections to the power source 202 and the disc 100. Thus, either the power source 202 can be controlled directly, or a switching or dimming mechanism in the disc 100 can be controlled. Furthermore, a switching or dimming mechanism installed elsewhere in the vehicle 200 could also be used for this purpose, for example, within the control unit 201 itself. It can regulate and adjust the amount of electrical power supplied to the heating coating 104.This can be done based on various parameters or environmental conditions, such as the outside temperature, the interior temperature of the vehicle 200, the humidity, or the solar radiation. Control unit 201 can receive information about the current environmental conditions from various sensors or input devices that may be located in or around the vehicle 200. Based on this information, control unit 201 can then adjust the heating power supplied to the heating coating 104 accordingly to provide an efficient heating function for the rapid and efficient defrosting and dehumidification of the windshield 100 in winter.

[0101] Reference symbol

[0102] Pane a Laminated glass pane Outer pane a first side b second side PVB film

[0103] Heating coating inner pane a third side b fourth side

[0104] Resistance heating arrangement, busbar, antenna a, antenna area

[0105] Windscreen wiper vehicle control power source

Claims

Patent claims 1. A disk (100, 100a) with a resistance heating arrangement (110) comprising a heating coating (104) and two opposing conductor elements (111), wherein the heating coating (104) is applied over the entire surface between the two conductor elements (111) on a surface of the disk (100, 100a), and wherein the heating coating (104) is designed to be supplied with electrical power via the conductor elements (111) in order to heat, and wherein the heating coating comprises a high-resistance material.

2. Disc (100, 100a) according to claim 1, wherein the high-resistance material comprises tin, ITO, FTO, nickel silver, an alloy according to DIN 17470 and / or aluminium-doped zinc oxide.

3. Pane (100, 100a) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pane (100) is a laminated glass pane (100a) comprising at least an outer pane (101), an inner pane (105), and a plastic interlayer (103) arranged between the outer pane (101) and the inner pane (105), wherein the surface on which the heating coating (104) is applied is a surface on an inner side (101b, 105a) of the inner pane (105) or the outer pane (101) facing the plastic interlayer (103).

4. Disc (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the two conductor elements (111) are two busbars and the area of ​​the surface of the disc (100) between the two opposing busbars is completely covered by the heating layer (104).

5. Disc (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc (100) comprises an antenna (112) which is arranged outside the full-surface area of ​​the heating coating (104) on the disc (100, 100a).

6. Disc (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating coating (104) is transparent.

7. Disc (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the disc (100, 100a) is a rear window for a vehicle (200).

8. A control unit (201) designed to control the resistance heating arrangement (110) of a disk (100, 100a) according to one of the preceding claims, such that the heating power supplied to the heating coating (104) is adaptable to ambient conditions.

9. Vehicle (200), comprising: a disk (100, 100a) according to one of claims 1 to 7.

10. Vehicle (200) according to claim 9, further comprising: a control unit (201) according to claim 8.

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