Sealant composition
A one-part condensation curable silicone composition with a rheology modifier improves thixotropy and prevents sag, addressing application and storage issues in sealants, ensuring stable and effective application without heating.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing one-part compositions suffer from issues with thixotropy and sag due to the presence of reinforcing fillers, which leads to the extrusion/application rate of the sealant at the time of application, resulting in sag or flow issues, especially when subjected to shearing forces during pumping and re-packaging, and the use of alternative thixotropic agents introduces other problems such as miscibility and discoloration.
A one-part condensation curable silicone composition comprising an organopolysiloxane polymer, reinforcing and non-reinforcing fillers, a condensation catalyst, and a rheology modifier with a specific structure that enhances thixotropy and prevents sag, allowing for easy application and storage without the need for heating.
The composition maintains suitable flow and thixotropic properties prior to cure, preventing sag and ensuring effective application and storage stability, while avoiding issues associated with traditional thixotropic agents.
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Figure PCTCN2024119449-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2024119449-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2024119449-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
SEALANT COMPOSITION
[0001] This relates to a one-part condensation curable silicone composition, typically being room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) , comprising at least one carbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane rheology modifier which enhances the properties of said the composition prior to cure.
[0002] One-part room temperature vulcanizable (RTV) condensation curable silicone compositions are well known and are typically used as sealants and adhesives and the like. Generally, such compositions comprise
[0003] an -OH end-blocked diorganopolysiloxane polymer or an alkoxy end-blocked polydiorganosiloxane either of which may have one or more alkylene linkages between terminal silicon atoms; and
[0004] one or more suitable cross-linking agents designed to react with the -OH and / or alkoxy groups and thereby cross-link the composition;
[0005] usually in the presence one or more fillers and one or more catalysts which upon cure form a cured silicone product such as a sealant.
[0006] One or more additional ingredients such as diluents (e.g., plasticizers and / or extenders) , chain extenders, flame retardants, solvent resistant additives, pigments / colorants, and biocides and the like are often also incorporated into these compositions as and when required.
[0007] They may be one-part compositions or multiple-part (usually two-part) compositions. One-part compositions are generally stored in a substantially anhydrous form to prevent premature cure. The main, if not sole source, of moisture in these compositions are the inorganic fillers, e.g., silica, precipitated calcium carbonate amongst others . Said fillers may be rendered hydrophobics before inter-mixing with other ingredients or water / moisture may be extracted from the mixture during the mixing process to ensure that the resulting sealant composition is substantially anhydrous.
[0008] One-part condensation curing (RTV) silicone compositions are generally utilised to generate skin or diffusion cured silicone elastomers using when relying on alkoxy titanium compounds and / or alkoxy zirconium compounds i.e., alkyl titanates and alkyl zirconates as catalysts. Skin or diffusion cure (e.g., moisture / condensation) takes place by the formation of a cured skin at the composition / air interface subsequent to the sealant / encapsulant being applied on to a substrate surface. After the generation of the surface skin the cure speed is dependent on the speed of diffusion of moisture from the sealant / encapsulant interface with air to the inside (or core) of the layer of silicone composition applied, and the diffusion of condensation reaction by-product / effluent from the inside (or core) to the outside (or surface) of the material and the gradual thickening of the cured skin over time from the outside / surface to the inside / core.
[0009] Such one-part skin or diffusion cure condensation curing silicone compositions are applied in a layer that is thinner than typically 15 mm. Such compositions, if applied in layers thicker than 15 mm, are known to lead to uncured material in the depth of the material, because moisture is very slow to diffuse into very deep sections.
[0010] Organotin catalysts can also be utilised as condensation cure catalysts for alkoxy functional one part room temperature vulcanizable silicone compositions, although in order to obtain long term stability of the composition, i.e., shelf stability, the organotin catalyzed compositions require the presence of amino silanes or silazanes as in-situ methanol scavengers.
[0011] The presence of reinforcing fillers in such sealant compositions make important contributions to both the cost and rheology of compositions and to the physical properties of resulting elastomeric materials formed from the composition upon cure, such as, tensile strength, tear strength, hardness and modulus. In order for uncured one-part sealant compositions to be applied onto target substrates and / or, joints between substrates, the uncured sealant must be easily applied i.e., pumped and / or extruded onto the substrate surface or into the joint by e.g., hand or using an applicator such as a sealant gun, but they must also retain good thixotropic properties to avoid sag or flow issues after having been applied onto a target substrate or into a target joint and prior to cure.
[0012] The thixotropic behavior of a sealant has historically been regularly controlled by the inclusion of high levels of treated or untreated fumed silica filler (s) in the composition. However, the more fumed silica present in the composition (e.g., 20 parts by weight of polymer per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) or more) , the greater the problem there is with respect to the extrusion / application rate of the sealant at the time of application. This results in a “vicious circle” because when the parts by weight of silica per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) in the composition is lowered to impart a good extrusion / application rate, whilst initial thixotropic behavior may be acceptable, it tends to deteriorate upon storage and re-packaging. This is because the pumping and re-packaging of the sealant composition subjects the composition to shearing forces which often reduces the thixotropy of the uncured one-part sealant so significantly that the uncured material flows out of e.g., a vertical joint, rendering it useless for its intended purpose.
[0013] Alternative thixotropic agents may be utilised but tend to introduce other consequential issues. For example, polyamide waxes, often result in miscibility issues with silicone matrices causing appearance issues for the resulting cured sealant. Furthermore, the polyamide waxes usually require high temperature for their dispersion. The use of maleic anhydride grafted polybutadiene as a thixotropic agent often results in the resulting cured sealant having discoloration (yellowing) issues after aging and can only be used with a limited range of sealants because of its acidic nature.
[0014] The introduction of unreactive liquid plasticisers / extenders (sometimes referred to as process aids) can be used as a means of lowering viscosity of uncured compositions. However, once cured the unreactive liquids within the cured sealant, if introduced in relatively large amounts, may migrate and potentially bleed out of the cured sealant which, over an extended period of time, can result in the sealant failing and / or may result in staining and discoloration in / on adjacent substrates.
[0015] The disclosure herein seeks to provide a one-part condensation curable silicone composition , which typically room temperature vulcanisable (RTV) and which prior to cure have both suitable flow and thixotropic (non-sag) properties.
[0016] There is provided herein a one-part condensation curable silicone composition comprising:
[0017] (a) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or hydrolysable groups per molecule; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃,
[0018] (b) One or more reinforcing fillers, one or more non-reinforcing fillers or a mixture thereof;
[0019] (c) a condensation catalyst selected from an organotin catalyst, an alkyltitanate catalyst or an alkylzirconate catalyst;
[0020] (d) 1 to 10 . parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a cross-linker comprising a siloxane and / or silane cross-linker in each case having at least two groups, alternatively at least three groups, per molecule which are reactable with the hydroxyl or hydrolysable groups in organopolysiloxane polymer (a) ; and
[0021] (e) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a rheology modifier of the structure:
[0022] where each R is independently C1-C10-alkyl or phenyl; each R″comprises a C2-C20 carbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality or a mixture thereof; m is from 5 to 150; n is from 0 to 20; x is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when x is 0, n is from 2 to 20.
[0023] There is also provided herein a method of making the above one-part condensation curable silicone composition by mixing all the ingredients together.
[0024] There is also provided herein an elastomeric sealant material which is the cured product of the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described.
[0025] There is also provided a method for filling a space between two substrates so as to create a seal therebetween, comprising:
[0026] a’) providing a one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described, and either
[0027] b’) applying the one-part condensation curable silicone composition on to a first substrate, and bringing a second substrate in contact with the silicone composition that has been applied to the first substrate, or
[0028] c’) filling a space formed by the arrangement of a first substrate and a second substrate with the one-part condensation curable silicone composition and curing the silicone composition.
[0029] There is also provided the use of a component (e) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a rheology modifier of the structure:
[0030] where each R is independently C1-C10-alkyl or phenyl; each R″comprises a C2-C20 carbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality or a mixture thereof; m is from 5 to 150; n is from 0 to 20; x is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when x is 0, n is from 2 to 20, of a rheology modifier in a one-part condensation curable silicone composition otherwise comprising the following components:
[0031] (a) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or hydrolysable groups per molecule; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃
[0032] (b) One or more reinforcing fillers, one or more non-reinforcing fillers or a mixture thereof;
[0033] (c) a condensation catalyst selected from an organotin catalyst, an alkyltitanate catalyst or an alkylzirconate catalyst;
[0034] (d) 1 to 10 . parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a cross-linker comprising a siloxane and / or silane cross-linker in each case having at least two groups, alternatively at least three groups, per molecule which are reactable with the hydroxyl or hydrolysable groups in organopolysiloxane polymer (a) .
[0035] The concept of “comprising” where used herein is used in its widest sense to mean and to encompass the notions of “include” and “consist of” .
[0036] For the purpose of this application, “Substituted” means one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon group has been replaced with another substituent. Examples of such substituents include, but are not limited to, halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine; halogen atom containing groups such as chloromethyl, perfluorobutyl, trifluoroethyl, and nonafluorohexyl; oxygen atoms; oxygen atom containing groups such as (meth) acrylic and carboxyl; nitrogen atoms; nitrogen atom containing groups such as amino-functional groups, amido-functional groups, and cyano-functional groups; sulphur atoms; and sulphur atom containing groups such as mercapto groups.
[0037] It was unexpectedly and surprisingly found that the rheology modifiers of component (e) as described herein were effective thixotropic agents. The introduction of component (e) into the one-part sealant compositions resulted in a reduction or even prevention of sag of the composition prior to cure.
[0038] The one-part condensation curable silicone compositions are preferably room temperature vulcanisable compositions (RTV) in that they cure at room temperature without heating but may if deemed appropriate be accelerated by heating. Furthermore, advantageously the introduction of component (e) into the one-part condensation curable silicone compositions was possible by cold blending with the other components of the composition, i.e., without the need for heating.
[0039] Component (a) -an organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or hydrolysable groups per molecule; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃.
[0040] Component (a) may be any suitable an organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or at least two hydrolysable groups per molecule or a mixture thereof; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃; alternatively, any suitable organopolysiloxane polymer having at least two -OH groups or at least two hydrolysable groups per molecule or a mixture thereof; at least two -OH groups or hydrolysable groups per molecule; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃.
[0041] The at least two -OH groups or at least two hydrolysable groups per molecule or a mixture thereof are preferably silicon bonded groups and may be, but are not necessarily, terminal groups. In one embodiment, the hydrolysable groups are alkoxy groups having from one to 10 carbons. Illustrative alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy and 2-ethylhexoxy; dialkoxy groups, such as methoxymethoxy or ethoxymethoxy an alkoxyaryloxy, such as ethoxyphenoxy groups. Alternatively the alkoxy groups may contain from 1 to 6 carbons i.e., a methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy or t-butoxy group.
[0042] For example, the organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or at least two hydrolysable groups per molecule or a mixture thereof (a) , of the one-part condensation curable silicone composition described herein, may have the formula X3-nRnSi-Z- (R1ySiO (4-y) / 2) z -SiR12 -Z-Si-RnX3-n (1)
[0043] in which each X is independently an OH or an alkoxy group, each R is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, each R1 is an OH group an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group and Z is oxygen or a divalent organic group, typically containing from 2 to 10 carbons;
[0044] each n is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, y is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 2 and z is an integer consistent with said organopolysiloxane polymer having a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃.
[0045] In the above formula each X is independently an OH or an alkoxy group, alternatively an alkoxy group having from 1 and 10 carbons. Illustrative alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy and 2-ethylhexoxy; dialkoxy groups, such as methoxymethoxy or ethoxymethoxy an alkoxyaryloxy, such as ethoxyphenoxy groups; alternatively, each X is an alkoxy group having from one and six carbons, alternatively having from one and four carbons i.e., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy or t-butoxy group or alternatively is a methoxy or ethoxy group.
[0046] Each R group is an alkyl, alkenyl or aryl group, alternatively each R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons, an alkenyl group having from 2 to 6 carbons such as vinyl, allyl and hexenyl groups or an aryl group having from 6 to 12 carbons; alternatively, each R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons, or an aryl group having from 6 to 12 carbons; alternatively each R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbons, alternatively each R is an ethyl group or a methyl group. In one embodiment R may include substituted aliphatic organic groups such as 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl groups aminoalkyl groups, polyaminoalkyl groups, and / or epoxyalkyl groups.
[0047] Each R1 is an OH group an alkoxy group, alkyl group, alkenyl group or aryl group. For the avoidance of doubt this means that cumulatively at least two X groups, at least two R1 groups or at least one X group and one R1 group per molecule are OH groups or alkoxy groups, preferably alkoxy groups.
[0048] It is possible that some R1 groups may be siloxane branches off the polymer backbone which branches may have terminal X groups as hereinbefore described.
[0049] Each Z may be the same of different and is oxygen or a divalent organic group. When Z is a divalent organic group, it is typically an alkylene having from 2 to 10 carbons, such as for example, an ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene and / or hexylene group; alternatively, an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbons, alternatively an alkylene group having from 2 to 5 carbons. The alkylene group may contain branching.
[0050] Each subscript n is zero 1, 2 or 3, alternatively each subscript n is 0, 1 or 2, alternatively each subscript n is 0 or 1. In one embodiment each n is zero and each Z is an alkylene having from 2 to 10 carbons. Each subscript y is 0, 1 or 2, and is preferably 2. Whilst y is 0, 1 or 2, substantially y= 2, e.g., at least 90%, alternatively 95%of R1ySiO (4-y) / 2 groups are characterized with y = 2.
[0051] Subscript z is an integer such that said organopolysiloxane polymer has a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃ therefore z is an integer of from approximately 150 to 1500.
[0052] The Degree of Polymerization (DP) , (i.e., in the above formula substantially z) , is usually defined as the number of monomeric units in a macromolecule or polymer or oligomer molecule of silicone. Synthetic polymers invariably consist of a mixture of macromolecular species with different degrees of polymerization and therefore of different molecular weights. There are different types of average polymer molecular weight, which can be measured in different experiments. The two most important are the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) . The Mn and Mw of an organosiloxane polymer can be determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with precision of about 10-15%using polystyrene standards.
[0053] This technique is standard and yields Mw, Mn and polydispersity index (PI) . The degree of polymerization (DP) =Mn / Mu where Mn is the number-average molecular weight coming from the GPC measurement and Mu is the molecular weight of a monomer unit. PI=Mw / Mn. The DP is linked to the viscosity of the polymer via Mw, the higher the DP, the higher the viscosity. In the present disclosure the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight values of component (a) herein may, for example, be determined using a Waters 2695 Separations Module equipped with a vacuum degasser, and a Waters 2414 refractive index detector (Waters Corporation of MA, USA) . The analyses may then be performed using certified grade toluene flowing at 1.0 mL / min as the eluent. Data collection and analyses may be performed using Waters Empower GPC software. The viscosity of component (a) is from 750 to 150,000mPa. s at 25℃, alternatively from 1000 to 125,000mPa. s at 25℃, alternatively 10,000 to 100,000mPa. s at 25℃, alternatively 20,000 to 80,000mPa. s at 25℃. The viscosity of component (a) may be measured at 25℃ in accordance with the ASTM D4287 Cone and Plate Method using a Brookfield DV-III Ultra Rheometer.
[0054] Organopolysiloxane polymer (a) can be a single siloxane represented by Formula (1) or it can be mixtures of organopolysiloxane polymers represented by the aforesaid formula. Hence, it may be a "siloxane polymer mixture" so organopolysiloxane polymer (a) is meant to include any individual organopolysiloxane polymer (a) or mixtures of organopolysiloxane polymer (a) .
[0055] Component (b) -One or more reinforcing fillers, one or more non-reinforcing fillers or a mixture thereof
[0056] The one or more reinforcing fillers identified in component (b) herein may, for example, be selected from precipitated silica, fumed silica, precipitated calcium carbonate, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Such fillers are preferably finely divided. Typically, the surface area of the reinforcing filler in component (b) is at least 15 m2 / g in the case of precipitated calcium carbonate measured in accordance with the BET method (ISO 9277: 2010) , alternatively 15 to 50 m2 / g, alternatively 15 to 25 m2 / g. Silica reinforcing fillers have a typical surface area of at least 50 m2 / g in accordance with the BET method (ISO 9277: 2010) . In the case of high surface area fumed silica and / or high surface area precipitated silica, these may have surface areas of from 75 to 400 m2 / g measured in accordance with the BET method (ISO 9277: 2010) , alternatively of from 100 to 300 m2 / g in accordance with the BET method (ISO 9277: 2010) .
[0057] The reinforcing fillers of component (b) may be hydrophobically treated for example with one or more aliphatic acids, e.g., a fatty acid such as stearic acid or a fatty acid ester such as a stearate, or with organosilanes, organosiloxanes, or organosilazanes hexaalkyl disilazane or short chain siloxane diols to render the filler (s) hydrophobic and therefore easier to handle and obtain a homogeneous mixture with the other adhesive components. Specific examples organosilanes, organosiloxanes, or organosilazanes may include, but are not restricted to, silanol terminated trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane, silanol terminated vinyl methyl (ViMe) siloxane, silanol terminated methyl phenyl (MePh) siloxane, liquid hydroxyldimethyl-terminated polydiorganosiloxane containing an average from 2 to 20 repeating units of diorganosiloxane in each molecule, hydroxyldimethyl terminated phenylmethyl Siloxane, hexaorganodisiloxanes, such as hexamethyldisiloxane, divinyltetramethyldisiloxane;
[0058] hexaorganodisilazanes, such as hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) , divinyltetramethyldisilazane and tetramethyldi (trifluoropropyl) disilazane; hydroxyldimethyl terminated polydimethylmethylvinyl siloxane, octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane, and silanes including but not limited to methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, chlorotrimethyl silane, dichlorodimethyl silane, trichloromethyl silane.
[0059] The surface treatment of the fillers makes them easily wetted by component (a) . These surface modified fillers are preferably in a finely divided form and do not clump and can be homogeneously incorporated into the sorganopolysiloxane polymer (a) . This results in improved room temperature mechanical properties of the uncured compositions. The fillers may be pre-treated or may be treated in situ when being mixed with component (a) . A small amount of water can be added together with the silica treating agent (s) as processing aid.
[0060] Depending on the filler (s) chosen the reinforcing fillers of component (b) may be present in an amount of from 2.5 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer, i.e., component (a) n. In the case when the selected fillers are precipitated silica and / or fumed silica or a combination thereof the inorganic fillers (b) are present in a range of from about 2.5 to 35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) of the composition, alternatively 5.0 to 35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) , alternatively of from 5 to 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) . However, when reinforcing filler (b) is precipitated calcium carbonate, the composition will tend to include a larger amountse.g., from 25 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) , alternatively of from 30 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) , alternatively of from 35 to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) . When component (b) is a mixture of silica and precipitated calcium carbonate the value will be somewhere in between.
[0061] Non-reinforcing fillers,
[0062] Non-reinforcing fillers in accordance with component (b) , which might be used alone or in addition to the above include aluminite, calcium sulphate (anhydrite) , gypsum, ground calcium carbonate, nepheline, syenite, quartz, calcium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, clays such as kaolin, aluminium trihydroxide, magnesium hydroxide (brucite) , graphite, copper carbonate, e.g., malachite, nickel carbonate, e.g., zarachite, barium carbonate, e.g., witherite and / or strontium carbonate e.g., strontianite.
[0063] Silicates from the group consisting of olivine group; garnet group; aluminosilicates; ring silicates; chain silicates; and sheet silicates. The olivine group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, forsterite and Mg2SiO4. The garnet group comprises ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, pyrope; Mg3Al2Si3O12; grossular; and Ca2Al2Si3O12. Aluminosilicates comprise ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, sillimanite; Al2SiO5; mullite; 3Al2O3.2SiO2; kyanite; and Al2SiO5.
[0064] The ring silicates group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, cordierite and Al3 (Mg, Fe) 2 [Si4AlO18] . The chain silicates group comprises ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, wollastonite and Ca [SiO3] .
[0065] The sheet silicates group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, mica;
[0066] K2AI14 [Si6Al2O20] (OH) 4; pyrophyllite; Al4 [Si8O20] (OH) 4; talc; Mg6 [Si8O20] (OH) 4; serpentine for example, asbestos; Kaolinite; Al4 [Si4O10] (OH) 8; and vermiculite.
[0067] The non-reinforcing fillers of component (b) may also be hydrophobically treated as described above. Typically, the non-reinforcing fillers when present alone are present in an amount up to 150 parts by weight per 100 parts of polymer (component (a) ) . Typically, when present in combination with precipitated calcium carbonate the combined total will be a maximum of about 150 parts by weight per 100 parts of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0068] Component (c) a condensation catalyst selected from an organotin catalyst, an alkyltitanate catalyst or an alkylzirconate catalyst.
[0069] Any suitable organotin catalyst, alkyltitanate catalyst or alkylzirconate catalyst may be utilised as the condensation catalyst of component (c) .
[0070] Catalyst (c) may be an organotin catalyst. Suitable tin based condensation catalysts (c) include tin triflates, dialkyltin compounds, selected from dimethyltin di-2-ethylhexanoate, dimethyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate (DBTDA) , dibutyltin di-2-ethylhexanoate, dimethyltin dineodecanoate (DMTDN) , dioctyltin dineodecanoate (DOTDN) , dibutyltin dicaprylate, dibutyltin di-2, 2-dimethyl octanoate, dibutyltin octanoate, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) , dibutyltin distearate, dibutyltin dimaleate, dibutyltin dioleate, dioctyltin di-2-ethylhexanoate, dioctyltin di-2, 2-dimethyl octanoate, dioctyltin dimaleate, dipropyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dibutyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dipentyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dihexyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dioctyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , didecyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , didodecyl tin bis (acetylacetonate) , dioctyl tin dilaurate (DOTDL) , dibutyltin oxide, tin butyrate, butyltintri-2-ethylhexoate, tin naphthenate, tin octoate, triethyltin tartrate and dioctyl tin oxide. All dibutyltin and dioctyltin compounds above consist of di-n-butyl and di-n-octyl groups.
[0071] The tin catalyst may be present in an amount of from 0.01 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) , alternatively 0.05 to 2.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) alternatively 0.05 to 2.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0072] Alternatively catalyst (c) may be an alkyltitanate and / or alkylzirconate-based catalyst. Any suitable alkyltitanates and / or alkylzirconates which function as condensation catalysts may be utilised. For the avoidance of doubt, such alkyltitanate and alkylzirconate are sometimes respectively referred to as an alkoxy titanium or alkoxy zirconium or as alkoxy titanates or alkoxy zirconates.
[0073] The alkyltitanate catalysts and alkylzirconate catalysts of the one or more condensation catalysts may comprise tetra-alkyltitanate catalysts and tetra-alkylzirconate catalysts according to the general formula M [OR7] 4
[0074] Where M is titanium or zirconium and each R7 may be the same or different and represents a monovalent, primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be linear or branched containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
[0075] Typically, each R7 may be the same or different and include but are not restricted to methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tertiary butyl, tertiary amyl (C (C2H5) (CH3) 2) . pentyl or hexyl groups and branched secondary alkyl groups such as 2, 4-dimethyl-3-pentyl groups. In some embodiments one or more R7 groups may contain partial unsaturation. In one embodiment all the R7 groups are the same alkyl group.
[0076] Examples include the following tetra-alkyltitanates and their tetra-alkylzirconate equivalents:
[0077] Ti (OC (CH3) 2) 4 -tetraisopropyltitanate or tetraisopropoxy titanium (TiPT) ,
[0078] Ti [OC (CH3) 3] 4 -tetratertiary butyl titanate or tetratertiarybutoxy titanium (TtBT) ,
[0079] Ti (C (C2H5) (CH3) 2) 4 -tetrateriary amyl titanate,
[0080] Ti (OCH2CH2CH2CH3) 4 -tetra n-butyl titanate or tetra n-butoxy titanium (TnBT) , and other suitable alkyltitanate catalysts such as TyzorTM 9000 commercially available from Dorf Ketal Speciality
[0081] Catalysts, LLC which has has the formula
[0082] Ti [isopropoxy] a’ [t-butoxy] b’
[0083] where the total number of [isopropoxy] + [tertiary butoxy] groups per Ti atom (a’ + b’) is 4 and wherein, on average there are about 10% [isopropoxy] and 90% [t-butoxy] groups.
[0084] Alternatively, the alkyltitanate and / or alkylzirconate may be at least partially chelated. The chelation may be with any suitable chelating agent which enhances the catalytic activity of the catalyst e.g., an alkyl acetoacetate such as methyl acetoacetate or ethylacetylacetonate. An example being diisopropoxy titanium bis (ethylacetoacetate or titanium (IV) bis (ethyl acetoacetato) diisopropoxide (TDIDE) .
[0085] The alkyltitanate or alkylzirconate catalyst may be present in an amount of from 0.01 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) , alternatively 0.05 to 2.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) , alternatively 0.05 to 1.50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) , alternatively 0.1 to 1.5parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0086] Component (d) Cross-linker
[0087] Cross-linker (d) is a siloxane and / or silane cross-linker having at least two groups alternatively at least three groups per molecule which are reactable with the hydroxyl or hydrolysable groups in organopolysiloxane polymer (a) ;
[0088] Cross-linker (d) may be any suitable cross-linker. The cross-linker (d) may be one or more silanes or siloxanes which contain silicon bonded hydrolysable groups such as acyloxy groups (for example, acetoxy, octanoyloxy, and benzoyloxy groups) ; ketoximino groups (for example dimethyl ketoximo, and isobutylketoximino) ; alkoxy groups (for example methoxy, ethoxy, iso-butoxy and propoxy) and alkenyloxy groups (for example isopropenyloxy and 1-ethyl-2-methylvinyloxy) .
[0089] In the case of siloxane based cross-linkers the molecular structure can be straight chained, branched, or cyclic.
[0090] Cross-linker (d) preferably has at least three or four hydroxyl and / or hydrolysable groups per molecule which are reactive with the hydroxyl and / or hydrolysable groups in organopolysiloxane polymer (a) .
[0091] When the cross-linker is a silane and when the silane has a total of three silicon-bonded hydroxyl and / or hydrolysable groups per molecule, the fourth group is suitably a non-hydrolysable silicon-bonded organic group. These silicon-bonded organic groups are suitably hydrocarbyl groups which are optionally substituted by halogen such as fluorine and chlorine. Examples of such fourth groups include alkyl groups (for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) ; cycloalkyl groups (for example cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl) ; alkenyl groups (for example vinyl and allyl) ; aryl groups (for example phenyl, and tolyl) ; aralkyl groups (for example 2-phenylethyl) and groups obtained by replacing all or part of the hydrogen in the preceding organic groups with halogen. Preferably however, the fourth silicon-bonded organic groups are methyl.
[0092] Silanes and siloxanes which can be used as cross-linkers (d) include alkyltrialkoxysilanes such as methyltrimethoxysilane (MTM) and methyltriethoxysilane, alkenyltrialkoxy silanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane, isobutyltrimethoxysilane (iBTM) . Other suitable silanes include ethyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, alkoxytrioximosilane, alkenyltrioximosilane, 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, ethyl triacetoxysilane, di-butoxy diacetoxysilane, phenyl-tripropionoxysilane, methyltris (methylethylketoximo) silane, vinyl-tris-methylethylketoximo) silane, methyltris (methylethylketoximino) silane, methyltris (isopropenoxy) silane, vinyltris (isopropenoxy) silane, ethylpolysilicate, n-propylorthosilicate, ethylorthosilicate, dimethyltetraacetoxydisiloxane. The cross-linker used may also comprise any combination of two or more of the above.
[0093] Alternatively, cross-linker (d) may comprise a silyl functional molecule containing two or more silyl groups, each silyl group containing at least one -OH or hydrolysable group, the total of number of -OH groups and / or hydrolysable groups per cross-linker molecule being at least 3. Hence, a disilyl functional molecule comprises two silicon atoms each having at least one hydrolysable group, where the silicon atoms are separated by an organic or siloxane spacer. Typically, the silyl groups on the disilyl functional molecule may be terminal groups. The spacer may be a polymeric chain having a siloxane or organic polymeric backbone. In the case of such siloxane or organic based cross-linkers the molecular structure can be linear, branched, cyclic or macromolecular. In the case of siloxane-based polymers the viscosity of the cross-linker will be within the range of from 0.5 mPa. sto 75,000 mPa. s at 25℃, alternatively from 0.5 mPa. sto 40,000mPa. s at 25℃.
[0094] For example, cross-linker (d) may be a disilyl functional polymer, that is, a polymer containing two silyl groups, each having at least one hydrolysable group such as described by the formula: R2w Si (X) 3-w -R3 -Si (X) 3-w R2w
[0095] where each R2, X and w may be individually selected as hereinbefore described above. R3 is an alkylene (divalent hydrocarbon radical) , alternatively an alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or further alternatively 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a combination of said divalent hydrocarbon radicals and divalent siloxane radicals. Preferred di-silyl functional polymer cross-linkers have n= 0 or 1, X=OMe and R3 being an alkylene group with 4 to 6 carbons.
[0096] Examples of disilyl polymeric cross-linkers with a silicone or organic polymer chain bearing alkoxy functional end groups include polydimethylsiloxanes having at least one trialkoxy terminal where the alkoxy group may be a methoxy or ethoxy group. Examples might include or 1, 6-bis (trimethoxy silyl) hexane, hexamethoxydisiloxane, hexaethoxydisiloxane, hexa-n-propoxydisiloxane, hexa-n-butoxydisiloxane, octaethoxytrisiloxane, octa-n-butoxytrisiloxane and decaethoxy tetrasiloxane.
[0097] The amount of cross-linker (d) present in the composition will depend upon the nature of the cross-linker and in particular, the molecular weight of the molecule selected. The compositions suitably contain cross-linker in at least a stoichiometric amount as compared to organopolysiloxane polymer (a) described above which is typically from about 1 part to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0098] Component (e) Rheology Modifier
[0099] The one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described also comprises a rheology modifier of the structure:
[0100] where each R is independently C1-C10-alkyl or phenyl; each R″comprises a C2-C20 carbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality or a mixture thereof; m is from 5 to 150; n is from 0 to 20; x is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when x is 0, n is from 2 to 20.
[0101] As used herein, the term “carbinol group” refers to a branched or linear alkyl group that contains one or more hydroxyl or thiol groups, preferably one or more hydroxyl groups. For example, these may include any one of the following end groups which may be linked directly to a terminal silicon in the above formula via an ethylene bridge.
[0102] where the dashed lines represent the point of attachment to the ethylene bridge.
[0103] Where n is > 0, R″may further comprise from 1 or from 2, to 20 or to 10 or to 7 structural units of a C2-C20 hydrocarbyl group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine groups, but no carbinol groups. Hence, the rheology modifiers (e) may be selected from hydroxyalkoxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, [3- (2, 3-dihydroxyalkoxy) propyl] -terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, [3- [3- [bis (2-hydroxypropyl) amino] -2-hydroxyalkoxy] propyl] -terminated polydimethylsiloxanes or a mixture thereof. In the above preferably the alkoxy groups have from 1 to 6 carbons, alternatively are selected from methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy groups. Specific examples include hydroxyethoxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, [3- (2, 3-dihydroxypropoxy) propyl] -terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, [3- [3- [bis (2-hydroxypropyl) amino] -2-hydroxypropoxy] propyl] -terminated polydimethylsiloxanes or mixtures thereof.
[0104] Rheology modifier (e) is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) . It was unexpectedly and surprisingly found that the rheology modifiers of component (e) as described herein were effective thixotropic agents. The introduction of component (e) into the one-part sealant compositions resulted in a reduction or even prevention of sag of the composition prior to cure. As previously indicated rheology modifier (e) is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) .
[0105] Optional additives
[0106] Optional additives may be added to the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as described herein if deemed necessary. These may include, adhesion promoters, plasticizers and / or extenders, water / moisture scavengers, pigments &colorants, antioxidants, UV and / or light stabilizers and fungicides and / or biocides.
[0107] Adhesion Promoter
[0108] Any suitable adhesion promoter may be utilised in the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described. These may include alkoxysilanes of the formula R14hSi (OR15) (4-h) where subscript h is 1, 2, or 3, alternatively h is 3. Each R14 is independently a monovalent organofunctional group selected from an epoxy functional group such as glycidoxypropyl or (epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl, an amino functional group such as aminoethylaminopropyl or aminopropyl, a methacryloxypropyl, a mercapto functional group such as mercaptopropyl or an unsaturated organic group. Each R15 is independently an unsubstituted, saturated hydrocarbon group of at least 1 carbon atom. R15 may have 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alternatively 1 to 2 carbon atoms. R15 is exemplified by methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and iso-propyl.
[0109] Alternatively, the optional adhesion promoter may be selected from one or more mercaptopropyltrialkoxysilanes, an aminopropyltriethoxysilane, an aminopropyltrimethoxysilane or an amine of the structure: R20k (R21O) 3-kSi-Z5-N (H) - (CH2) m‘-NH2
[0110] in which R20 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; each R21 may be the same or different and is H or R20, Z5 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, m’ is from 2 to 10 and k is zero or 1.
[0111] R20 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alternatively R20 is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alternatively,
[0112] R20 is a methyl or ethyl group. Each R21 may be the same or different and is H or R20, alternatively each R21 is R20. In one alternative all R21 groups are the same. When the R21 groups are the same, it is preferred that they are methyl or ethyl groups.
[0113] Z5 is a linear or branched alkylene group having from 2 to 10 carbons, alternatively from 2 to 6 carbons, for example Z5 may be a propylene group, a butylene group or an isobutylene group. There may be from 2 to 10 m groups, in one alterative m may be from 2 to 6, in another alternative m may be from 2 to 5, in a still further alternative m may be 2 or 3, alternatively m is 2.
[0114] The adhesion promoter when present is present in an amount of from 0.05 to 3.75 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) , alternatively 0.05 to 2.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) alternatively 0.05 to 2.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0115] One or more plasticizer (s) , one or more extender (s) or a mixture thereof
[0116] The one-part condensation curable silicone composition as described above may also include one or more plasticizer (s) , one or more extender (s) or a mixture thereof.
[0117] These may be in the form of silicone or organic fluids which are unreactive with organopolysiloxane polymer (s) (a) and / or catalyst (c) . and / or crosslinker (s) (d) . If present the plasticizer or extender content will be present in an amount of from 5 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0118] Examples of non-reactive silicone fluids useful as plasticizers include polydiorganosiloxanes such as polydimethylsiloxane having terminal triorganosiloxy groups wherein the organic substituents are, for example, methyl, vinyl or phenyl or combinations of these groups. Such polydimethylsiloxanes can for example have a viscosity of from about 5 to about 100,000 mPa. s at 25℃ (measured as described above) . Alternatively compatible organic plasticisers may be utilised additionally to or instead of the silicone fluid plasticiser. These may include dialkyl phthalates wherein the alkyl group may be linear and / or branched and contain from six to 20 carbon atoms such as dioctyl, dihexyl, dinonyl, didecyl, diallanyl and other phthalates, and analogous adipate, azelate, oleate and sebacate esters; polyols such as ethylene glycol and its derivatives; and organic phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate and / or triphenyl phosphates.
[0119] Examples of extenders for use in compositions herein include mineral oil based (typically petroleum based) paraffinic hydrocarbons, mixtures of paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, paraffin oils comprising cyclic paraffins and non-cyclic paraffins and hydrocarbon fluids containing naphthenics, polycyclic naphthenics and paraffins, or polyalkylbenzenes such as heavy alkylates (alkylated aromatic materials remaining after distillation of oil in a refinery) . Examples of such extenders are discussed in GB2424898 the content of which is hereby enclosed by reference.
[0120] Pigments and / or colorants
[0121] The one-part condensation curable silicone composition as described above may further comprise one or more pigments and / or colorants. The pigments and / or colorants may be coloured, white, black, metal effect, and luminescent e.g., fluorescent or phosphorescent. Pigments are utilized to colour the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as required. Any suitable pigment may be utilized providing it is compatible with the composition herein. In compositions as described above pigments and / or coloured (non-white) fillers e.g., carbon black may be utilized to colour the end sealant product.
[0122] Suitable white pigments and / or colorants include titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, zinc sulfide, lithophone, zirconium oxide, and antimony oxide.
[0123] Suitable non-white inorganic pigments and / or colorants include, but are not limited to, iron oxide pigments such as goethite, lepidocrocite, hematite, maghemite, and magnetite black iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, brown iron oxide, and red iron oxide; blue iron pigments; chromium oxide pigments; cadmium pigments such as cadmium yellow, cadmium red, and cadmium cinnabar; bismuth pigments such as bismuth vanadate and bismuth vanadate molybdate; mixed metal oxide pigments such as cobalt titanate green; chromate and molybdate pigments such as chromium yellow, molybdate red, and molybdate orange; ultramarine pigments; cobalt oxide pigments; nickel antimony titanates; lead chrome; carbon black (when present, carbon black will function as both a non-reinforcing filler and colorant) ; lampblack, and metal effect pigments such as aluminium, copper, copper oxide, bronze, stainless steel, nickel, zinc, and brass.
[0124] Suitable organic non-white pigments and / or colorants include phthalocyanine pigments, e.g., phthalocyanine blue and phthalocyanine green; monoarylide yellow, diarylide yellow, benzimidazolone yellow, heterocyclic yellow, DAN orange, quinacridone pigments, e.g., quinacridone magenta and quinacridone violet; organic reds, including metallized azo reds and nonmetallized azo reds and other azo pigments, monoazo pigments, diazo pigments, azo pigment lakes, β-naphthol pigments, naphthol AS pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, diazo condensation pigment, isoindolinone, and isoindoline pigments, polycyclic pigments, perylene and perinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, anthrapyrimidone pigments, flavanthrone pigments, anthanthrone pigments, dioxazine pigments, triarylcarbonium pigments, quinophthalone pigments, and diketopyrrolo pyrrole pigments.
[0125] Typically, the pigments and / or colorants, when particulates, have average particle diameters in the range of from 10 nm to 50 μm, preferably in the range of from 40 nm to 2 μm. The pigments and / or colorants when present are present in the range of from 2.0 to about 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) .
[0126] Moisture / water scavenger
[0127] Any suitable -OH (moisture / water / alcohol) scavenger may be used when the catalyst (c) is an organotin catalyst. These may be selected from, for example, orthoformic acid esters, molecular sieves, silazanes e.g., organosilazanes such as hexaalkyl disilazane, e.g., hexamethyldisilazane (HMDZ) and / or one or more silanes of the structure: R20j Si (OR21) 4-j
[0128] where each R21 may be the same or different and is an alkyl group containing at least 2 carbon atoms;
[0129] j is 1 or 0; and
[0130] R20 is a silicon-bonded organic group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon group having at least 2 carbons, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or any one of the foregoing wherein at least one hydrogen atom bonded to carbon is substituted by a halogen atom, or an organic group having an epoxy group, a glycidyl group, an acyl group, a carboxyl group, an ester group, an amino group, an amide group, a (meth) acryl group, a mercapto group or an isocyanate group.
[0131] Antioxidant
[0132] Any suitable antioxidant (s) may be utilised, if deemed required. Examples may include: ethylene bis (oxyethylene) bis (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5 (methylhydrocinnamate) 36443-68-2; tetrakis [methylene (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy hydrocinnamate) ] methane 6683-19-8; octadecyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhyrocinnamate 2082-79-3; N, N’-hexamethylene-bis (3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhyrocinnamamide) 23128-74-7; 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, C7-9 branched alkyl esters 125643-61-0; N-phenylbenzene amine, reaction products with 2, 4, 4-trimethylpentene 68411-46-1; e.g., anti-oxidants sold under the IrganoxTM name from BASF.
[0133] UV and / or light stabilizers
[0134] UV and / or light stabilizers may include, for the sake of example include benzotriazole, ultraviolet light absorbers and / or hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) such as the TINUVINTM product line from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.
[0135] Biocides
[0136] Biocides may additionally be utilized in the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described if required. It is intended that the term “biocides” includes bactericides, fungicides and algicides, and the like. Suitable examples of useful biocides, which may be utilized in compositions as described herein, include, for the sake of example:
[0137] Carbamates such as methyl-N-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (carbendazim) and other suitable carbamates, 10, 10’-oxybisphenoxarsine, 2- (4-thiazolyl) -benzimidazole, N- (fluorodichloromethylthio) phthalimide, diiodo methyl p-tolyl sulfone, if appropriate in combination with a UV stabilizer, such as 2, 6-di (tert-butyl) -p-cresol, 3-iodo-2-propinyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) , zinc 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide, triazolyl compounds and isothiazolinones, such as 4, 5-dichloro-2- (n-octyl) -4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) , 2- (n-octyl) -4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT) and n-butyl-1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BBIT) . Other biocides might include for example Zinc Pyridinethione, 1- (4-Chlorophenyl) -4, 4-dimethyl-3- (1, 2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) pentan-3-ol and / or 1- [ [2- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -4-propyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl] methyl] -1H-1, 2, 4-triazole.
[0138] The fungicide and / or biocide may suitably be present in an amount of from greater than 0 to 0.3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer (component (a) ) in the one-part condensation curable silicone composition and may be present in an encapsulated form where required such as described in EP2106418.
[0139] The one-part condensation curable silicone composition may comprise any combination of the above.
[0140] There is also provided a method of making an elastomeric sealant material by
[0141] (i)mixing together components (a) to (e) and any required additives of a one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described; and
[0142] (ii) curing the said composition.
[0143] The one-part condensation curable silicone composition as described above may be, for example initially prepared by mixing all the ingredients together in any suitable order. Indeed, it was found that the introduction of component (e) into the one-part sealant compositions was possible by cold blending with the other components of the one-part condensation curable silicone composition, i.e., without the need for heating.
[0144] For example, components (a) organosiloxane polymer, (c) catalyst and (e) rheology modifier may be initially mixed together, then the filler (s) of component (b) are added and mixed for at least 10 minutes, alternatively at least 15 minutes, alternatively for 20 minutes or more after which component (d) the cross-linker and optionally one or more optional additives may be added, when required and then the composition is utilised as a sealant composition or is packaged into suitable sealant cartridges or the like prior to use. If possible, the filler is anhydrous.
[0145] In an alternative process the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as described above may be prepared by first mixing the filler (s) (b) and / or pigment, when present, into the organopolysiloxane polymer (a) , optionally, if required in combination with a hydrophobic treating agent so that the filler and optional pigment may be hydrophobically treated in situ during the mixing into the polymer. Once the filler is adequately mixed into the polymer (and if desired has been hydrophobically treated) then the remaining components are added in any suitable order to make the complete composition. In the latter instance, the process for making the one-part condensation curable silicone composition may comprise the following steps:
[0146] 1) Gradually add the or each reinforcing filler (b) and, if required hydrophobing filler treating agent into the organopolysiloxane polymer (a) for a predetermined time, under vacuum, if deemed necessary; to form a polymer base;
[0147] 2) Either adding the remaining ingredients into the mixture resulting from step (1) or preparing a premix of the remaining ingredients and then introducing said premix into the mixture individually in any suitable order of step (1) in each case under vacuum if deemed necessary;
[0148] Finally release the vacuum and, if to be stored package the final composition.
[0149] As previously indicated, preferably once mixed, unless to be used immediately, the composition is sealed in one or more moisture-tight containers and is stored.
[0150] The one-part silicone sealant compositions described herein may be used for a wide variety of applications including, for the sake of example for building and infrastructure, electronics, and industrial assembly applications. For example, in home decoration and as weatherproofing silicone sealant, etc.
[0151] Hence, the one-part condensation curable silicone composition may be designed to be applied onto a target substrate or in a gap between two adjacent substrates. The substrates may be for example glass, metal, stone, marble, brick, concrete, cement and other cementitious substrates and / or combinations thereof dependent on the application concerned.
[0152] There is also provided herein an elastomeric sealant material which is the cured product of the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described.
[0153] Preferably the one-part condensation curable silicone composition herein is gunnable. By gunnable it is meant that the one-part composition may be extruded on to a target substrate or in a gap between two adjacent substrates using a sealant gun. When the one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described is a gunnable sealant composition it may be used for used for
[0154] (i) space / gap filling applications;
[0155] (ii) seal applications, such as sealing the edge of a lap joint in a construction membrane; or
[0156] (iii) a stain-resistant weather sealing sealant;
[0157] (iv) adhering at least two substrates together; and / or
[0158] (v) a laminating layer between two substrates to produce a laminate of the first substrate, the sealant product and the second substrate.
[0159] In the case of (v) above when used as a layer in a laminate, the laminate structure produced is not limited to three layers. Additional layers of cured sealant and substrate may be applied.
[0160] There is provided a method for filling a space between two substrates so as to create a seal therebetween, comprising:
[0161] a”) providing a one-part condensation curable silicone composition as hereinbefore described, and either
[0162] b”) applying the one-part condensation curable silicone on to a first substrate, and bringing a second substrate in contact with the silicone composition that has been applied to the first substrate wherein either or both of said substrates are porous substrates at a temperature of at least 40℃, or
[0163] c”) filling a space formed by the arrangement of a first substrate and a second substrate wherein either or both of said substrates are porous substrates at a temperature of at least 40℃, with the one-part condensation curable silicone composition and
[0164] d”) curing same.
[0165] The applications include building and infrastructure, electronics, industry assembly, etc. The most frequent application scenario includes home decoration, weatherproofing silicone sealant, etc.Examples
[0166] A first one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst was prepared using the ingredients in Table 1a.
[0167] Table 1a: Starting ingredients for making a first one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst.
[0168] In the above:
[0169] The Polymer was hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of approximately 50,000mPa. s at 25℃;
[0170] The Plasticizer was a trimethyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of , viscosity 100mPa. s at 25℃;
[0171] TBD was 1, 5, 7-Triazabicyclo [4.4.0] dec-5-ene and was an end-capping catalyst;
[0172] Adhesion promoter 1 was aminopropyltrimethoxysilane;
[0173] DBTDA was dibutyltin diacetate condensation catalyst; and
[0174] The Fumed silica used in the above was a hydrophilic untreated fumed silica sold commercially under the trade name HDKTM V15AD by Wacker AG.
[0175] The composition was prepared as follows:
[0176] The Hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane polymer was initially end-capped with methoxy groups. To achieve this the polymer and plasticizer were first introduced into a reaction vessel with the TBD end-capping catalyst and these ingredients were stirred together for a period of 10 minutes. After this the vinyl trimethoxysilane was introduced and the resulting mixture was further mixed until the end-capping reaction was complete.
[0177] The DBTDA tin catalyst was then introduced into the mixture and the fumed silica was gradually introduced into the composition. The resulting composition was them vacuum stripped and the moisture scavenger, HMDZ was introduced and mixed into the composition which was then again vacuum stripped and the final first one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst (First sealant composition) was packaged, e.g., in suitable anhydrous cartridges from which the sealant may be dispensed in due course using a sealant gun (i.e., the composition prepared is gunnable) .
[0178] The first sealant composition was then mixed with a series of rheology modifiers in accordance with the present disclosure as depicted in Table 1b.
[0179] Table 1b: Rheologically modified First sealant composition (in parts by weight per 100 parts of the first sealant composition)
[0180] For the avoidance of doubt if the above were shown in wt. %there is 99.00 wt. % ( (100 / 101.01) x 100 of the first sealant composition and 1.00 wt. %of the respective release modifier present ( (1.01 / 101.01) x 100) . RM. 1 to RM. 6 were as follows:
[0181] RM 1 was
[0182] RM. 2 was
[0183] RM. 3 was
[0184] RM. 4 was
[0185] RM. 5 was
[0186] RM. 6 was
[0187] The compositions were prepared by mixing the first silicone sealant composition and the respective rheology modifier into a plastic cup and mixing in a speed mixer at 2500rpm for 30 seconds allowing to rest for a short period and then repeating the mixing process and packaging and leaving the composition overnight before property testing. Details of the property testing are provided in table 1c below.
[0188] Table 1c: Formulation and properties of the examples and comparative example.
[0189] The flow test utilised in the above testing was in accordance with ASTM D2202 -00.
[0190] TFT (Tack free time) testing was undertaken in accordance with ASTM C679-03.
[0191] It can be seen that, all six rheology modifiers as described herein gave significantly improved in respect of both flow testing and TFT.
[0192] Of the above, two examples were further tested with respect to viscosity profiles and their post cure physical properties with respect to each other and the Ref. 1 material which contained no rheology modifier in accordance with the present disclosure. The results for these are provided in Tables 1d and 1e below.
[0193] Viscosities of the samples were tested using a type HR-1 Discovery Series Hybrid Rheometer from TA Instruments of New Castle Delaware, USA using a plate, with 500μm gap. The rotation speed ramps from 0.1s-1 to 10s-1, and the viscosity at 2.8s-1 and 10s-1 was recorded. The Thixotropic index values recorded are the values of the Viscosity @2.8 s-1 divided by the viscosity @10 s-1. Results are depicted in Table 1d.
[0194] Table 1d: Viscosity profile (from 0.1 to 10s-1) of Ref. 1 and Ex. 2 and Ex. 5t.
[0195] It can be seen that the Ex. 5 results are slightly better than those of Ex. 2, but both are significantly improved over the results for Ref. 1
[0196] The compositions prepared were cured for a period of seven days at room temperature and then the physical properties of Ref. 1, Ex. 2 and Ex. 5 were assessed, and the results compared. The results are provided in Table 1e.
[0197] Table 1e: Physical Property results for Ref. 1, Ex. 2 and Ex. 5
[0198] Tensile strength and elongation testing were undertaken in accordance with ASTM D412-98a using dogbone test pieces. The Modulus results were also obtained in accordance with ASTM D412-98a. Durometer results were obtained in accordance with ASTM D2240-97.
[0199] A second one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst was prepared. In this instance a high level of ground calcium carbonate non-reinforcing filler was included in the composition. The starting ingredients for said composition are depicted in Table 2a below.
[0200] Table 2a: Second one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst and ground calcium carbonate non-reinforcing filler composition.
[0201] In the ingredients listed in Table 2a, the polymer, plasticizer and fumed silica were all as previously described in Table 1a above.
[0202] The ground calcium carbonate filler was type 203A sold commercially by Jiangsu Qunxin Powder
[0203] Technology Co. Ltd of Yangzhou, China; and
[0204] Adhesion Promoter 2 was N- [3- (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ethylenediamine.
[0205] The second one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst was made by 10L
[0206] Turello mixer in 5kg scale via the following process:
[0207] The polymer and plasticizer were introduced into the mixing vessel and were mixed together at about 400 rpm at room temperature. Independently a premix comprising TBD, the end-capping reaction catalyst with MTM, VTM and Bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine were mixed together to make a premix, premix 1. Premix 1 was added into the mixing vessel and mixing continued at room temperature until the end-capping reaction was completed. Subsequently the organotin cure catalyst and adhesion promoter N- [3- (Trimethoxysilyl) propyl] ethylenediamine were added and mixed into the composition followed by the gradual addition of the fillers under vacuum. The vacuum was then broken and the moisture scavenger, HMDZ was added and mixed with the other ingredients of the mixing vessel under vacuum after which the resulting product was transferred into sealant cartridges for storage before use.
[0208] The second one-part silicone sealant comprising an organotin catalyst made from the starting ingredients in Table 2a was then used in each example / comparative example in combination with the rheology modifiers indicated in Table 1b, RM 1 to 6 as previously defined as well as a further three rheology modifiers 7 to 9.
[0209] RM 7 was
[0210] RM 8 was
[0211] RM 9 was
[0212] To assess the flow properties of the above sealant composition using the same test method as described above a series of compositions were prepared comprising 100 parts by weight of the sealant composition (98.50 wt. %as calculated above) and 1.52 parts by weight of rheology modifier (1.50 wt. %as calculated above) . Nine rheology modifiers in accordance with the present disclosure were assessed. Ex.7 to 12 contained RM 1-6 respectively (RM 1-6 having been identified previously) and Ex. 13 to 15 in which 1.52 parts by weight of three additional rheology modifiers RM 7 to 9 respectively. They were also compared with Ref. 2 which is the sealant composition made from the starting ingredients in Table 2a without any rheology modifier added.
[0213] Ex. 7 to Ex. 15 were prepared by the introduction of the respective rheology modifier via the following process:
[0214] The second one-part silicone sealant comprising an organotin catalyst and respective rheology modifier were introduced into a mixing cup and were mixed in a speed mixer at 2500rpm for 30 seconds. After being allowed settle for a short period the resulting mixture was mixed again at 2500rpm for 30 seconds. The resulting Ex. 7 to 15 were allowed to rest for an hour at room temperature after which the flow test in accordance with ASTM D2202 -00. Was carried out. The resulting flow results are provided in Table 2b (i) and Table 2b (ii) .
[0215] Table 2b (i)
[0216] Table 2b (ii) :
[0217] As can be seen from the results above, the carbinol rheology modifiers of the present disclosure (component (e) also showed significant help on mitigating flow issues in respect of the second one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst and, in this case, a high level of ground calcium carbonate non-reinforcing filler. Each of RM 1 to 9 were additionally found to reduce the level of bubbling within the sealant during cure compared to Ref. 2. Indeed Ex. 10 and Ex. 15 containing RM 4 and RM 9 respectively showed zero flow results although they did appear to show some gelling which is not preferred. Ex. 11 and 14 containing RM 5 and 8 respectively gave flow results of 2mm and Ex. 2 and 3 comprising RM 2 and RM 3 both gave a flow of less than 2mm. which are probably more preferred in respect of the second one-part silicone sealant composition comprising an organotin catalyst as non-were observed to undergo gelling. Whilst for this series of examples the same parts by weight of each rheology modifier were used. It is believed that the gelling issue would be removed by slightly reducing the rheology modifier content.
Claims
1.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition comprising:(a) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or hydrolysable groups per molecule; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa.s at 25℃, (b) One or more reinforcing fillers, one or more non-reinforcing fillers or a mixture thereof;(c) a condensation catalyst selected from an organotin catalyst, an alkyltitanate catalyst or an alkylzirconate catalyst;(d) 1 to 10 . parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a cross-linker comprising a siloxane and / or silane cross-linker in each case having at least two groups, alternatively at least three groups, per molecule which are reactable with the hydroxyl or hydrolysable groups in organopolysiloxane polymer (a) ; and(e) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a rheology modifier of the structure:where each R is independently C1-C10-alkyl or phenyl; each R″ comprises a C2-C20 carbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality or a mixture thereof; m is from 5 to 150; n is from 0 to 20; x is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when x is 0, n is from 2 to 20.2.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R″ in component (e) is a C2-C20 carbinol group that contains ether or ether and amine functionality.3.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with claim 1 or 2 wherein at least one R″ in component (e) is a C2-C20 carbinol group that contains one of the following terminal groups: 4.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with claim 3 wherein in component (e) each m is from 5 to 125 and each R″ is a C2-C20 carbinol group terminated by one of the following terminal groups: 5.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with any preceding claim which additionally comprises a plasticizer, an extender, an adhesion promoter or a mixture thereof.6.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with any preceding claim wherein component (a) comprises an organopolysiloxane polymer, having an average of least two alkoxy groups and component (c) is an organotin condensation catalyst.7.A one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with any preceding claim which additionally comprises one or more additives selected from the group of water / moisture scavengers, pigments &colorants, antioxidants, UV and / or light stabilizers, cure modifiers, and fungicides and / or biocides.8.A method of making a one-part condensation curable silicone composition by mixing all the ingredients together into a mixture and packaging the mixture.9.An elastomeric sealant material which is the cured product of the one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7.10.A method for filling a space between two substrates so as to create a seal therebetween, comprising:a’) providing a one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7 and eitherb’) applying the one-part condensation curable silicone composition to a first substrate, and bringing a second substrate in contact with the silicone composition that has been applied to the first substrate, orc’) filling a space formed by the arrangement of a first substrate and a second substrate with the one-part condensation curable silicone composition in accordance with claim 1 and curing the silicone composition.11.Use of a component (e) 0.1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a rheology modifier of the structure: where each R is independently C1-C10-alkyl or phenyl; each R″ comprises a C2-C20 carbinol group that optionally contains ether, ester, or amine functionality or a mixture thereof; m is from 5 to 150; n is from 0 to 20; x is 0 or 1, with the proviso that when x is 0, n is from 2 to 20; , of a rheology modifier in a one-part condensation curable silicone composition otherwise comprising the following components:(a) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane polymer having an average of at least two -OH groups or hydrolysable groups per molecule; and a viscosity of from 750 to 150,000mPa.s at 25℃;(b) One or more reinforcing fillers, one or more non-reinforcing fillers or a mixture thereof;(c) a condensation catalyst selected from an organotin catalyst, an alkyltitanate catalyst or an alkylzirconate catalyst;(d) 1 to 10 . parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (a) of a cross-linker comprising a siloxane and / or silane cross-linker in each case having at least two groups, alternatively at least three groups, per molecule which are reactable with the hydroxyl or hydrolysable groups in organopolysiloxane polymer (a) .12.Use of a component (e) in accordance with claim 11 wherein R″ in component (e) is a C2-C20 carbinol group that contains ether or ether and amine functionality.13.Use of a component (e) in accordance with claim 11 or 12 wherein at least one R″ in component (e) is a C2-C20 carbinol group that contains one of the following terminal groups: 14.Use of a component (e) claim 13 wherein in component (e) each m is from 5 to 125 and each R″ is a C2-C20 carbinol group terminated by one of the following terminal groups: 15.Use of a component (e) in accordance with any one of claims 11 to 14 wherein the one-part condensation curable silicone composition additionally comprises a plasticizer, an extender, an adhesion promoter or a mixture thereof.16.Use of a component (e) in accordance with any one of claims 11 to 15 wherein in the one-part condensation curable silicone composition, component (a) comprises an organopolysiloxane polymer, having an average of least two alkoxy groups per molecule, and component (c) is an organotin condensation catalyst.
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