Biopsy system with cutter motor monitoring
The enhanced cutting cycle in biopsy devices addresses the issue of stalling by monitoring motor thresholds and adjusting kinetic actions, ensuring efficient and safe tissue sampling.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-26
AI Technical Summary
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy devices often stall when encountering hard tissue, prolonging procedures and causing additional injury due to the need for repositioning or removal of the needle.
Implementing an enhanced cutting cycle that monitors motor current and torque thresholds, allowing for kinetic actions such as retreat and adjust rotational speed to overcome hard tissue, reducing the likelihood of stalling.
The enhanced cutting cycle effectively navigates hard tissue, minimizing procedure interruptions and reducing tissue damage by allowing seamless tissue sampling.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024119949_26032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BIOPSY SYSTEM WITH CUTTER MOTOR MONITORINGBACKGROUND
[0001] Biopsy samples have been obtained in a variety of ways in various medical procedures including open and percutaneous methods using a variety of devices. For instance, some biopsy devices may be fully operable by a user using a single hand, and with a single insertion, to capture one or more biopsy samples from a patient. In addition, some biopsy devices may be tethered to a vacuum module and / or control module, such as for communication of fluids (e.g., pressurized air, saline, atmospheric air, vacuum, etc. ) , for communication of power, and / or for communication of commands and the like. Other biopsy devices may be fully or at least partially operable without being tethered or otherwise connected with another device.
[0002] One technique for conducting a breast biopsy is to collect a breast biopsy using a vacuum-assisted breast biopsy device. Such vacuum-assisted breast biopsy devices permit the biopsy device to remove multiple samples without requiring removal of the device from the breast after every sample is collected. For instance, in a vacuum assisted breast biopsy device, a hollow needle is used to penetrate tissue. The hollow needle includes a lateral aperture adjacent to a sharp distal tip. A hollow cutter is disposed within the hollow needle and is moved axially relative to the lateral aperture of the needle to sever tissue samples. Once a tissue sample is severed by the hollow cutter, the tissue sample is transported axially through the cutter and collected in a tissue collection feature.
[0003] Examples of vacuum assisted biopsy devices and biopsy system components are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,526,822, entitled “Method and Apparatus for Automated Biopsy and Collection of Soft Tissue, ” issued June 18, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 6,086,544, entitled “Control Apparatus for an Automated Surgical Biopsy Device, ” issued July 11, 2000; U.S. Pat. No. 7,442,171, entitled “Remote Thumbwheel for a Surgical Biopsy Device, ” issued October 8, 2008; U.S. Pat. No. 7,854,706, entitled “Clutch and Valving System for Tetherless Biopsy Device, ” issued December 1, 2010; U.S. Pat. No. 7,938,786, entitled “Vacuum Timing Algorithm for Biopsy Device, ” issued May 10, 2011; U.S. Pat. No. 8,118,755, entitled “Biopsy Sample Storage, ” issued February 1, 2012; and U.S. Pat. No. 8,206,316, entitled “Tetherless Biopsy Device with Reusable Portion, ” issued on June 26, 2012. The disclosure of each of the above-cited U.S. Patents is incorporated by reference herein.
[0004] Additional examples of biopsy devices and biopsy system components are disclosed in U.S. Pub. No. 2020 / 0405276, entitled “Apparatus to Allow Biopsy Sample Visualization During Tissue Removal, ” published December 31, 2020; Int. Pub. No. WO 2023 / 229741, entitled “Biopsy Device with Integrated Dither Feature, ” published November 30, 2023; Int. Pub. No. WO 2024 / 077477, entitled “Graphical User Interface for Biopsy Device, ” published April 18, 2024; and U.S. Pat. App. No. 63 / 636,959, entitled “Biopsy Device with Helical Tissue Transporter, ” filed April 22, 2024. The disclosure of each of the above-cited U.S. Patent Application Publication, International Application Publications, and U.S. Patent Application Filing is incorporated by reference herein.
[0005] In some circumstances, one or more aspects of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy devices may present certain challenges. For instance, as described above, vacuum-assisted breast biopsy devices may include a hollow cutter within a needle to sever tissue that has been received within a lateral aperture of the needle. Occasionally, the hollow cutter may encounter hard tissue that causes the biopsy device to exceed certain operating limits and stall. Stated differently, the hollow cutter may get stuck when hard tissue is encountered. As a result, an operator may need to reposition the needle, altogether remove the needle from the tissue, or re-initiate the biopsy device to continue using the biopsy device, prolonging the amount of time to complete a breast biopsy procedure and causing additional injury to the recipient of the procedure. It may therefore be desirable to incorporate one or more features into a biopsy device to address the hard tissue in order to reduce the likelihood of the biopsy device stalling.
[0006] While various kinds of biopsy devices and associated components have been made and used, it is believed that no one prior to the inventor (s) has made or used the invention described in the appended claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0007] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and, together with the general description of the invention given above, and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
[0008] FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of an illustrative handpiece of a biopsy system;
[0009] FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of a needle assembly of the handpiece of FIG. 1, with a lateral aperture at the distal end of the needle assembly and a cutter disposed within the needle assembly;
[0010] FIG. 3A depicts a side cross-sectional view of the needle assembly of FIG. 2, the cutter stopped after having advanced towards a tissue in the lateral aperture and detecting a hard portion of the tissue;
[0011] FIG. 3B depicts another side cross-sectional view of the needle assembly of FIG. 2, the cutter shown retreating from its position shown in FIG. 3A after encountering the hard portion of the tissue;
[0012] FIG. 3C depicts yet another side cross-sectional view of the needle assembly of FIG. 2, the cutter shown stopped after having advanced towards the tissue and detecting an additional hard portion of the tissue;
[0013] FIG. 3D depicts still another side cross-sectional view of the needle assembly of FIG. 2, the cutter shown retreating from its position shown in FIG. 3C after encountering the additional hard portion of the tissue;
[0014] FIG. 3E depicts another side cross-sectional view of the needle assembly of FIG. 2, the cutter shown advancing through the tissue to sever a tissue sample from the hard portion of the tissue;
[0015] FIG. 3F depicts yet another side cross-sectional view of the needle assembly of FIG. 2, the cutter shown advanced past the distal end of the lateral aperture and the tissue sample in the cutter;
[0016] FIG. 4 depicts a flowchart showing an enhanced cutting cycle for severing tissue during a breast biopsy procedure;
[0017] FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart showing an alternative enhanced cutting cycle for severing tissue during a breast biopsy procedure;
[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of characteristics of the drive components of FIG. 2 when a motor is used, namely motor rotational speed, motor current, and motor torque, along with the movement distance for the cutter of the needle assembly of FIG. 2 when the cutter is being moved by the motor utilizing a traditional tissue severing process;
[0019] FIG. 7 is another schematic illustration of characteristics of the drive components of FIG. 2 when a motor is used, namely motor rotational speed, motor current, and motor torque, along with the movement distance for the cutter of the needle assembly of FIG. 2 when the cutter is being moved by the motor utilizing the tissue severing process of FIG. 4; and
[0020] FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of characteristics of the drive components of FIG. 2 when a motor is used, namely motor rotational speed, motor current, and motor torque, along with the movement distance for the cutter of the needle assembly of FIG. 2 when the cutter is being moved by the motor utilizing the tissue severing process of FIG. 5.
[0021] The drawings are not intended to be limiting in any way, and it is contemplated that various embodiments of the invention may be carried out in a variety of other ways, including those not necessarily depicted in the drawings. The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements shown.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The following description of certain examples of the invention should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Other examples, features, aspects, embodiments, and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, which is by way of illustration, one of the best modes contemplated for carrying out the invention. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other different and obvious aspects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and descriptions should be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.
[0023] It is understood that any one or more of the teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. described herein may be combined with any one or more of the other teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. that are described herein. The above-described teachings, expressions, embodiments, examples, etc. should therefore not be viewed in isolation relative to each other. Various suitable ways in which the teachings herein may be combined will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.
[0024] For clarity of disclosure, the terms “proximal” and “distal” are defined herein relative to a human or robotic operator of the device described herein. The term “proximal” refers the position of an element closer to the human or robotic operator of the device and further away from an operative portion of the device. The term “distal” refers to the position of an element closer to the operative portion of the device and further away from the human or robotic operator of the device. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “side, ” “upwardly, ” and “downwardly” also are used herein for reference to relative positions and directions. Such terms are used below with reference to views as illustrated for clarity and are not intended to limit the invention described herein.
[0025] Furthermore, the terms "about, " "approximately, " and the like as used herein in connection with any numerical values or ranges of values are intended to encompass the exact value (s) referenced as well as a suitable tolerance that enables the referenced feature or combination of features to function for the intended purpose described herein.
[0026] I. Illustrative Biopsy System
[0027] FIG. 1 shows an illustrative handpiece (10) (also referred to as an instrument) of a biopsy system for use in a breast biopsy procedure. The biopsy system may also include a controller (18) , which may include integrated circuits, processing units, memory units, and / or etc. to provide operational control of handpiece (10) . In some examples, handpiece (10) may be operatively connected to controller (18) by a cord bundle (not shown) . In other examples, controller (18) may be included in whole or in part in handpiece (10) . Controller (18) may be a standalone system configured for control of handpiece (10) , or it may be part of a multi-purpose control system configured for control of the entire biopsy system. An operator guides the distal tip on a needle assembly (20) of handpiece (10) adjacent to suspected tissue masses for collection of one or more tissue samples. A fluid collection system (not shown) may be integrated into the biopsy system for removal of fluids from handpiece (10) .
[0028] Handpiece (10) of the present example includes a body (12) and a needle assembly (20) extending distally from body (12) . In some examples, handpiece (10) can be comprised of a reusable holster and a disposable probe, with various components of handpiece (10) distributed in numerous combinations between the reusable holster and the disposable probe. Body (12) encloses various components of handpiece (10) , which are used to drive needle assembly (20) through a cutting cycle, which may comprise one or more components of needle assembly (20) advancing to the distal end of needle assembly (20) , retreating from the distal end of needle assembly (20) , or both advancing and retreating from the distal end of needle assembly (20) . The one or more components may advance and / or retreat one or more times. Needle assembly (20) is generally configured for insertion into a patient’s tissue to obtain one or more tissue samples. In some examples, handpiece (10) may further include a tissue sample holder (not shown) . In the present example, tissue sample holder is generally disposed at a proximal end of body (12) , although in other examples, tissue sample holder can be disposed on a distal end of body (12) . Regardless of position, tissue sample holder is generally configured to receive a plurality of tissue samples collected by needle assembly (20) . Additionally, it should be understood that in some examples tissue sample holder is in communication with a vacuum source to aid in transporting tissue samples to tissue sample holder. Needle assembly (20) obtains one or more tissue samples by translating a hollow cutter (32) disposed within needle assembly (20) relative to a lateral aperture (26) . The one or more tissue samples may be transported through needle assembly (20) via cutter (32) and deposited in tissue sample holder.
[0029] While examples described herein often refer to the acquisition of biopsy samples from a patient’s breast, it should be understood that biopsy system, including handpiece (10) as disclosed herein, may be used in a variety of other procedures for a variety of other purposes and in a variety of other parts of a patient’s anatomy (e.g., prostate, thyroid) . Various illustrative components, features, configurations, and operabilities of the biopsy system and handpiece (10) will be described in greater detail below; while other suitable components, features, configurations, and operabilities will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein.
[0030] FIG. 2 shows aspects associated with needle assembly (20) in greater detail. As can be seen, needle assembly (20) comprises an elongated outer cannula (22) . In the present example, outer cannula (22) comprises a sharp distal tip (24) configured to penetrate tissue and a lateral aperture (26) located proximate sharp distal tip (24) . Lateral aperture (26) is sized to receive prolapsed tissue during operation of handpiece (10) . Outer cannula (22) is configured to be in a generally fixed position relative to body (12) , although in other examples outer cannula (22) can be movable. Outer cannula (22) is also configured to receive certain tissue collection components to both sever tissue to form a tissue sample and transport the tissue sample axially through outer cannula (22) . One example of a tissue collection component is cutter (32) .
[0031] Cutter (32) having a sharp distal end (34) may be disposed within outer cannula (22) , with the hollow interior of cutter (32) defining cutter lumen (36) . The configuration of sharp distal end (34) is generally configured to sever or shear tissue using movement of cutter (32) relative to outer cannula (22) and / or sharp distal tip (24) . In the present example, cutter lumen (36) is generally configured to transport severed tissue samples to tissue sample holder. Thus, cutter (32) may extend distally from a proximal end of outer cannula (22) to and through lateral aperture (26) towards sharp distal tip (24) . Further, cutter (32) is operable to rotate and translate relative to outer cannula (22) and past lateral aperture (26) to sever a tissue sample from tissue protruding through lateral aperture (26) . For instance, cutter (32) may be moved from an extended position to a retracted or partially retracted position, thereby “opening” lateral aperture (26) to allow tissue to protrude therethrough; then from the retracted position back to the extended position to sever the protruding tissue.
[0032] As shown in FIG. 2, some versions of outer cannula (22) may include a multi-lumen configuration. In such versions, an upper lumen (28) (alternatively referred to as an axial lumen) may be used to receive cutter (32) , while a lower lumen (30) may be used to communicate atmosphere or other fluids to the distal end of outer cannula (22) . Such multi-lumen configurations may be facilitated in some versions with a longitudinal wall, walls, tubes, and / or other structural features. As will be appreciated, the presence of an additional lumen may be desirable to promote transport of one or more tissue samples through cutter (32) by promoting an optimum fluid pressure balance on each side of the tissue sample being transported. Suitable multi-lumen configurations for outer cannula (22) are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,918,803, entitled “Methods and Devices for Automated Biopsy and Collection of Soft Tissue, ” issued April 5, 2011, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.
[0033] One or more components of needle assembly (20) are optionally in communication with one or more features of body (12) . For instance, in the present example, needle assembly (20) is in communication with one or more drive components (14) and / or one or more fluid sources (16) , both of which may be operationally controlled with controller (18) .
[0034] Drive components (14) are generally configured to drive physical movement of one or more portions of needle assembly (20) relative to body (12) . Although only a single drive component of drive components (14) is shown schematically in the present example, it should be understood that in other examples, multiple drive components (14) can be used. In instances where multiple drive components (14) are used, such drive components (14) can be interconnected or can be configured as discrete elements to drive various components of needle assembly (20) . In still other examples, a single drive component (14) may be used, but with multiple independent outputs to drive separate components of needle assembly (20) . In some examples, drive components (14) are motor driven and can be controlled automatically or semi-automatically by various electromechanical control features, including controller (18) . Additionally, various characteristics of drive components (14) may be monitored including, but not limited to, voltage, current, and torque.
[0035] One example of a motor for drive component (14) that may be used herein is a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the BLDC motor may operate at varying rotational speeds which may be identified as revolutions per minute (RPM) . It may also be appreciated that BLDC motors are controlled using a controller, which may be a discrete device (e.g., a BLDC controller which may include integrated circuits, processing units, memory units, and / or etc. to provide operational control a BLDC motor) or part of an integrated device such as controller (18) . The controller may comprise a pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle that controls the BLDC motor. Consequently, the rotational speed of the BLDC motor is varied by altering the PWM duty cycle as known to those skilled in the art. In addition, it is notable that for BLDC motors an inverse relationship exists between its rotational speed and the torque produced. This can be seen in the equation where T = motor torque, V = supply voltage, ω = rotational speed, k = motor constant, and R = resistance in the motor windings. In other words, by reducing the rotational speed of the BLDC motor while maintaining its supply voltage, the torque generated by the motor increases. Also, readings of various characteristics may be sourced from BLDC motors. Examples of such characteristics include the present rotational speed of the BLDC motor, the present current being drawn from the BLDC motor, the present torque output of the BLDC motor, or any other characteristics typical of a BLDC motor.
[0036] Suitable movements driven by drive components (14) include, for example, firing of one or more components of needle assembly (20) . Other suitable movements driven by drive components (14) include, for example, precise axial and / or lateral movements of various components of needle assembly (20) relative to each other to facilitate severing of tissue samples. Yet other suitable movements driven by drive components (14) include, for example, precise axial rotation of one or more components of needle assembly (20) to include adjustments to rotational movement velocities. Of course, other suitable movements may be driven by drive components (14) as will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings herein.
[0037] When drive components (14) are motor driven, one configuration may be to have one drive component (14) with a single motor that drives both rotation and translation of cutter (32) of needle assembly (20) simultaneously or independently (via a transmission) . Another configuration may be to have drive components (14) drive translation of cutter (32) with one motor and rotation of cutter (32) with another motor. Yet another configuration may have a dedicated drive component (14) for each function of cutter (32) (e.g., translation, rotation) with a dedicated motor for each specific function.
[0038] Fluid sources (16) are generally configured to communicate one or more fluid mediums to one or more components of needle assembly (20) . Suitable fluid mediums include, for example, vacuum, atmospheric air, saline, saline in combination with therapeutic agents, therapeutic agents, and / or etc. Such fluid mediums can be communicated through lower lumen (30) or another component of needle assembly (20) to facilitate the collection of one or more tissue samples using needle assembly (20) . Although not shown, it should be understood that fluid sources (16) can include components to facilitate fluid communication such as motors, reservoirs, containers, pumps, valves, and / or etc. Additionally, although fluid source (16) is shown herein as a single discrete element, it should be understood that fluid source (16) can include multiple fluid sources (16) in some examples. Control of fluid source (16) may occur via controller (18) .
[0039] II. Illustrative Enhanced Cutting Cycles
[0040] In some examples of handpiece (10) described above, it may be desirable to include one or more elements in needle assembly (20) to facilitate acquisition of tissue samples from a region of needle assembly (20) proximate a distal tip thereof. For instance, tissue may be acquired through a lateral aperture (26) positioned proximally relative to the distal tip of needle assembly (20) . In such examples, tissue is acquired from the side of needle assembly (20) due to the presence of lateral aperture (26) using prolapsing of tissue through lateral aperture (26) . The tissue, in such examples, is severed by a cutting mechanism of needle assembly (20) during a cutting cycle. However, in some circumstances, hard tissue may be encountered during the cutting cycle, forcing handpiece (10) to exceed operating tolerance and stall. An example of cutter (32) encountering hard tissue, but not stalling, can be seen in FIG. 3A, which is described in greater detail below with reference to FIGS. 3A -F.
[0041] FIG. 6 provides a schematic illustration of characteristics of drive components (14) of FIG. 2 when a motor is used, namely motor rotational speed, motor current, and motor torque, along with the movement distance for cutter (32) of needle assembly (20) of FIG. 2 when cutter (32) is being moved by the motor utilizing a traditional tissue severing process and stalls upon encountering hard tissue. The stalling, in turn, interrupts the operator of handpiece (10) (e.g., surgeon) during the breast biopsy procedure. The operator may then have to reposition needle assembly (20) in an attempt to avoid the hard tissue. By introducing an enhanced cutting cycle which monitors and responds to one or more thresholds of one or more components in handpiece (10) with a kinetic action, stalling due to the presence of hard tissue may be reduced -which translates into a reduced likelihood of repositioning needle assembly (20) and / or interrupting the operator. As used herein, kinetic actions comprise actions that are based on movement performed by the object being acted upon, or an additional object operationally associated to the object being acted upon. This may include, but is not limited to, retreating movement, advancing movement, or rotation movement. Stated differently, kinetic actions do not include stalling.
[0042] In view of the foregoing, several enhanced cutting cycles are described herein which facilitate the severing of hard tissue during a breast biopsy procedure. Although the examples described herein are described as discrete steps in use with the illustrative biopsy system described herein, it should be understood that various aspects of the examples may be implemented with other biopsy systems. Thus, the examples described in this section should not be viewed in limitation with the biopsy system made reference to herein.
[0043] A. Illustrative Enhanced Cutting Cycle, Momentum
[0044] FIG. 4 shows an enhanced cutting cycle, momentum process (400) , for severing tissue during a breast biopsy procedure. Momentum process (400) may be stored, in whole or in part, in controller (18) . To better illustrate momentum process (400) , FIGS. 3A through 3F, which show an illustrative use of an enhanced cutting cycle, will be referenced throughout the discussion of momentum process (400) . As can be seen in FIG. 3A, needle assembly (20) is positioned within tissue with lateral aperture (26) of outer cannula (22) positioned proximate a lesion. Further, cutter (36) had been moved to a partially retracted position such that lateral aperture (26) is in an “open” state and the lesion is received, in whole or in part, in lateral aperture (26) . An “open” state may be any position of cutter (36) that allows lateral aperture (26) to receive tissue.
[0045] With needle assembly (20) positioned for desired tissue collection, the enhanced cutting cycle exemplified by momentum process (400) commences. In this example, at 402, controller (18) initiates axial rotation of one or more motors of drive components (14) . Axial rotation may be initialized to a normal speed, an example of which is approximately 30,000 RPMs. Characteristics of drive components (14) are then monitored at 404, such as the current draw of drive components (14) . In other instances, the torque output of drive components (14) may be monitored.
[0046] A first advance action of cutter (32) begins at 406 to advance cutter (32) distally to engage with and commence severing tissue in lateral aperture (26) using sharp distal end (34) , as illustrated in FIG. 3A. The current draw of the drive components (14) continues to be monitored while cutter (32) is engaged with the tissue, with the current draw compared against a threshold at 408. The threshold may reflect an operational limit for safely operating drive components (14) , or any other limit so desired. A threshold may be approximately 2.0 amperes. Provided the current draw remains below the threshold, cutter (32) continues to sever tissue to form a tissue sample and complete the breast biopsy procedure at 414.
[0047] Should the current draw exceed the threshold, as is the case in the present example, an advancing threshold is queried and / or used for a comparison at 410. Advancing threshold may reflect a defined not to exceed limit for the maximum amount of advance actions that may be performed during the breast biopsy procedure before stalling at 416 so that needle assembly (20) may be repositioned or removed. The advancing threshold may be 2 as in the current illustrative example, or may be 3, 4, 5, or any other greater number deemed appropriate by those skilled in the art. It should be understood that controller (18) is keeping count of the number of advance actions during the breast biopsy procedure to compare the count against the advancing threshold. The count may reset after acquisition of a tissue sample. In other words, the count is specific for each tissue sample acquisition, not cumulative over a whole breast biopsy procedure. In the present example, cutter (32) is advancing for the first time, making the count 1. Accordingly, as the advancing threshold is not exceeded, a first retreat action commences at 412 to retreat cutter (32) as shown in FIG. 3B. In some instances, cutter (32) may cease rotation before the first, or any subsequent retreat action commences. Stated differently, cutter (32) may stop rotation upon the current draw exceeding the threshold.
[0048] Cutter (32) may retreat to any position or any distance, provided sharp distal end (32) is disengaged from the tissue in lateral aperture (26) after said retreat action. For instance, cutter (32) may retreat to a position 1cm proximal of the proximal end of lateral aperture (26) . Then, a second advance action commences at 406. The count reflecting the number of advance actions may be updated at this time -an update to 2 in the current example. Cutter (32) advances distally to continue severing tissue in lateral aperture (26) using sharp distal end (34) , as shown in FIG. 3C. Notably, as can also be seen in FIG. 3C, the second advance action allows cutter (32) to transect the tissue in lateral aperture (26) further than the first advance. Monitoring of the current draw of drive components (14) continues during the second advance action as well as during any subsequent advance actions. Likewise, the monitored current draw continues to be compared at 408 against the threshold.
[0049] Continuing with the illustrative use depicted in FIGS. 3A through 3F, the current draw during the second advance action reaches a point in time where it exceeds the threshold, prompting an additional check with the advancing threshold. At 410, the advancing threshold, which is 2, is compared with the count, which had been updated to 2 when the second advance action commenced at 406. Because the count has not exceeded the advancing threshold, momentum process (400) proceeds to retreat 412 cutter (32) a second time, as can be seen in FIG. 3D. The second retreat action may retreat cutter (32) to the same position as with the first retreat action, or any other position or distance provided sharp distal end (32) is disengaged from the tissue in lateral aperture (26) after said retreat action.
[0050] Afterwards, a third advance action commences at 406. The count reflecting the number of advance actions may again be updated at this time, to 3 in the current example. As can be seen in FIG. 3E, cutter (32) advances distally to continue severing tissue in lateral aperture (26) using sharp distal end (34) . Monitoring of the current draw of drive components (14) and comparison at 408 of the current draw against the threshold continues during this advance action. Notably, unlike during previous advance actions, the current draw during the third advance action never exceeds the threshold. Accordingly, cutter (32) continues to advance until reaching an extended position where lateral aperture (26) is in a “closed” state, the tissue being severed in the process to form a sample tissue. With the tissue sample within cutter lumen (36) and lateral aperture (26) in a “closed” state, the breast biopsy procedure may be completed at 414. Completion of the breast biopsy procedure may include controller (18) engaging one or more of drive components (14) and fluid sources (16) to transport the tissue sample into a tissue sample holder.
[0051] FIG. 7 provides a schematic illustration of characteristics of drive components (14) of FIG. 2 when a motor (e.g., a BLDC motor) is used, namely motor rotational speed, motor current, and motor torque, along with the movement distance for cutter (32) of needle assembly (20) of FIG. 2 when cutter (32) is being moved by the motor utilizing momentum process (400) of FIG. 4. In this example, only two advance actions are required to sever tissue, unlike the illustrative use depicted in FIGS. 3A through 3F.
[0052] Although the present use is shown in the context of the collection of one tissue sample, it should be understood that in some uses, multiple tissue samples can be collected in sequence. For instance, in one use, once one tissue sample is severed using cutter (32) as shown and transported to a tissue sample holder, cutter (32) may retract to place lateral aperture (26) in an “open” state and permit another additional tissue to be drawn into lateral aperture (26) . Another tissue sample can then be subsequently severed using cutter (32) .
[0053] B. Illustrative Enhanced Cutting Cycle, Momentum and Torque
[0054] FIG. 5 shows an alternative enhanced cutting cycle, momentum and rotation process (500) , for severing tissue during a breast biopsy procedure. Momentum and rotation process (500) is similar to movement momentum process (400) describe above. In fact, with the exception of adjusting the rotation speed of one or more motors of drive components (14) at 512, momentum and rotation process (500) includes the same steps as movement momentum process (400) . Accordingly, momentum and rotation process (500) will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 3A through 3F, much like how movement momentum process (400) was described above. Momentum and rotation process (500) may be stored, in whole or in part, in controller (18) . As can be seen in FIG. 3A, needle assembly (20) is positioned within tissue with lateral aperture (26) of outer cannula (22) positioned proximate a lesion. Further, cutter (36) had been moved to a partially retracted position such that lateral aperture (26) is in an “open” state and the lesion is received, in whole or in part, in lateral aperture (26) . As stated above, an “open” state may be any position of cutter (36) that allows lateral aperture (26) to receive tissue.
[0055] With needle assembly (20) positioned for desired tissue collection, the enhanced cutting cycle exemplified by momentum and rotation process (500) commences. In this example, at 502, controller (18) initiates axial rotation of one or more motors of drive components (14) . Axial rotation may be initialized to a normal speed, an example of which is approximately 30,000 RPMs. Characteristics of drive components (14) are then monitored at 504, such as the current draw of the drive components (14) . In other instances, the torque output of drive components (14) may be monitored.
[0056] A first advance action of cutter (32) begins at 506 to advance cutter (32) distally to engage with and commence severing tissue in lateral aperture (26) using sharp distal end (34) , as illustrated in FIG. 3A. It should be understood that controller (18) is keeping count of the number of advance actions during the breast biopsy procedure to compare the count against an advancing threshold at 518. The count may reset after acquisition of a tissue sample. In other words, the count is specific for each tissue sample acquisition, not cumulative over a whole breast biopsy procedure. In the present example, cutter (32) is advancing for the first time, making the count 1. The current draw of the drive components (14) continues to be monitored while cutter (32) is engaged with the tissue, with the current draw compared against a threshold at 508. The threshold may reflect an operational limit for safely operating drive components (14) , or any other limit so desired. A threshold may be approximately 2.0 amperes. Provided the current draw remains below the threshold, cutter (32) continues to sever tissue to form a tissue sample and complete the breast biopsy procedure at 522.
[0057] Should the current draw exceed the threshold, as is the case in the present example, a first retreat action commences to retreat 510 cutter (32) as shown in FIG. 3B. In some instances, cutter (32) may cease rotation before the first, or any subsequent retreat action commences. Stated differently, cutter (32) may stop rotation upon the current draw exceeding the threshold. Cutter (32) may retreat to any position or any distance, provided sharp distal end (32) is disengaged from the tissue in lateral aperture (26) after said retreat action. Then, unlike in movement momentum process (400) , at 512 controller (18) alters drive components (14) to adjust axial rotation of the one or more motors. Here, axial rotation of the one or more motors of drive components (14) are adjusted to a low speed, an example of which is approximately 20,000 RPMs, however other speeds may be suitable so long as they are lower than the normal speed. Importantly, because the one or more motors are now operating at the low speed, more torque is available to operate cutter (32) in advance actions. The increased torque increases the lateral cutting force imposed on the tissue by sharp distal end (34) of cutter (32) .
[0058] Then, at 514, a second advance action commences. The count reflecting the number of advance actions may be updated at this time -an update to 2 in the current example. Cutter (32) advances distally to continue severing tissue in lateral aperture (26) using sharp distal end (34) , as shown in FIG. 3C. Notably, as can also be seen in FIG. 3C, the second advance action allows cutter (32) to transect the tissue in lateral aperture (26) further than the first advance. Monitoring of the current draw of drive components (14) continues during the second advance action as well as during any subsequent advance actions. Likewise, the monitored current draw continues to be compared at 516 against the threshold.
[0059] Should the current draw exceed the threshold, as is the case in the present example, an advancing threshold is queried and / or used for a comparison at 518. Advancing threshold may reflect a defined not to exceed limit for the maximum amount of advance actions that may be performed during the breast biopsy procedure before stalling at 524 so that needle assembly (20) may be repositioned or removed. The advancing threshold may be 2 as in the current illustrative example, or may be 3, 4, 5, or any other greater number deemed appropriate by those skilled in the art. Accordingly, as the advancing threshold is not exceeded, a second retreat action commences at 520 to retreat cutter (32) as shown in FIG. 3D. The second retreat action may retreat cutter (32) to the same position as with the first retreat action, or any other position or distance provided sharp distal end (32) is disengaged from the tissue in lateral aperture (26) after said retreat action.
[0060] Afterwards, a third advance action commences at 514. The third advance action, and any subsequent advance actions may occur using the low cutting speed, or axial rotation of the one or more motors may be adjusted to an alternative low speed that is less than the normal speed. The count reflecting the number of advance actions may again be updated at this time, to 3 in the current example. As can be seen in FIG. 3E, cutter (32) advances distally to continue severing tissue in lateral aperture (26) using sharp distal end (34) . Monitoring of the current draw of drive components (14) and comparison at 516 of the current draw against the threshold continues during this advance action. Notably, unlike during previous advance actions, the current draw during the third advance action never exceeds the threshold. Accordingly, cutter (32) continues to advance until reaching an extended position where lateral aperture (26) is in a “closed” state, the tissue being severed in the process to form a sample tissue. With the tissue sample within cutter lumen (36) and lateral aperture (26) in a “closed” state, the breast biopsy procedure may be completed at 522. Completion of the breast biopsy procedure may include controller (18) engaging one or more of drive components (14) and fluid sources (16) to transport the tissue sample into a tissue sample holder.
[0061] FIG. 8 provides a schematic illustration of characteristics of drive components (14) of FIG. 2 when a motor (e.g., a BLDC motor) is used, namely motor rotational speed, motor current, and motor torque, along with the movement distance for cutter (32) of needle assembly (20) of FIG. 2 when cutter (32) is being moved by the motor utilizing momentum and rotation process (500) of FIG. 5. In this example, only two advance actions are required to severe tissue, unlike the illustrative use depicted in FIGS. 3A through 3F.
[0062] Although the present use is shown in the context of the collection of one tissue sample, it should be understood that in some uses, multiple tissue samples can be collected in sequence. For instance, in one use, once one tissue sample is severed using cutter (32) as shown and transported to a tissue sample holder, cutter (32) may retract to place lateral aperture (26) in an “open” state and permit another additional tissue to be drawn into lateral aperture (26) . Another tissue sample can then be subsequently severed using cutter (32) .
[0063] III. Examples of Combinations
[0064] The following examples relate to various non-exhaustive ways in which the teachings herein may be combined or applied. It should be understood that the following examples are not intended to restrict the coverage of any claims that may be presented at any time in this application or in subsequent filings of this application. No disclaimer is intended. The following examples are being provided for nothing more than merely illustrative purposes. It is contemplated that the various teachings herein may be arranged and applied in numerous other ways. It is also contemplated that some variations may omit certain features referred to in the below examples. Therefore, none of the aspects or features referred to below should be deemed critical unless otherwise explicitly indicated as such at a later date by the inventors or by a successor in interest to the inventors. If any claims are presented in this application or in subsequent filings related to this application that include additional features beyond those referred to below, those additional features shall not be presumed to have been added for any reason relating to patentability.
[0065] Example 1
[0066] A biopsy system comprising: an outer cannula having a lateral aperture; an inner tubular cutter disposed for translation within the outer cannula; one or more motors operatively associated with the inner tubular cutter, at least one of the one or more motors operating at an operational speed; and a biopsy system controller configured to: control the one or more motors to set the operational speed to a first rotation speed, monitor a signal from the one or more motors, control the one or more motors to advance the inner tubular cutter in relation to the lateral aperture, identify a first occurrence where the signal exceeds a threshold, and in response to identifying the first occurrence, control the one or more motors to perform a kinetic action.
[0067] Example 2
[0068] The biopsy device of Example 1, the one or more motors providing translation of the inner tubular cutter.
[0069] Example 3
[0070] The biopsy device of Example 2, the one or more motors further providing rotation of the inner tubular cutter.
[0071] Example 4
[0072] The biopsy system of any of Examples 1 to 3, the kinetic action being a retreating action to retreat the inner tubular cutter in relation to the lateral aperture.
[0073] Example 5
[0074] The biopsy system of Example 4, the biopsy system controller further configured to, after performing the retreating action, control the one or more motors to perform an advancing action to advance the inner tubular cutter in relation to the lateral aperture.
[0075] Example 6
[0076] The biopsy system of Examples 4 or 5, the one or more motors being controlled to adjust the operational speed to a second rotation speed before controlling the one or more motors to retreat the inner tubular cutter.
[0077] Example 7
[0078] The biopsy system of any of Examples 1 to 6, the one or more motors including at least one brushless direct current, BLDC, motor.
[0079] Example 8
[0080] The biopsy system of Example 7, the signal being the current being drawn by the BLDC motor.
[0081] Example 9
[0082] The biopsy system of Examples 4 or 5, the steps that occur in response to identifying the first occurrence where the signal exceed the threshold occur only if an advancing threshold has not been met.
[0083] Example 10
[0084] The biopsy system of Example 9, the advancing threshold being a maximum number of advancing actions allowed before the biopsy system stalls.
[0085] Example 11
[0086] The biopsy system of any of Examples 6 to 8, the second rotation speed being less than the first rotation speed.
[0087] Example 12
[0088] The biopsy system of Example 11, the first rotation speed being about 30,000 revolutions per minute and the second rotation speed being about 20,000 revolutions per minute.
[0089] Example 13
[0090] The biopsy system of any of Examples 1 to 12, the threshold being about 2 amperes.
[0091] Example 14
[0092] The biopsy system of any of Examples 7, 8, 11, and 12, further comprising a BLDC controller operably connected to the biopsy system controller and the BLDC motor, the biopsy system controller controlling the BLDC motor by way of the BLDC controller.
[0093] Example 15
[0094] The biopsy system of Example 14, the BLDC controller comprising a pulse-width modulation, PWM, duty cycle, the BLDC motor operating based on the PMW duty cycle, and the BLDC controller altering the PWM duty cycle to adjust the operational speed of the BLDC motor.
[0095] Example 16
[0096] A biopsy system comprising: an outer cannula having a lateral aperture; an inner tubular cutter disposed for translation within the outer cannula; a brushless DC, BLDC, motor operatively associated with the inner tubular cutter, the BLDC motor operating at an operational speed and generating an output torque, the output torque being applied to the inner tubular cutter during translation; and a biopsy system controller configured to: monitor a signal from the BLDC motor, and in response to identifying a first occurrence where the signal exceeds a threshold, adjust the operational speed to increase the output torque.
[0097] Example 17
[0098] The biopsy system of Example 16, the signal being the current being drawn by the BLDC motor.
[0099] Example 18
[0100] The biopsy system of Examples 16 or 17, the threshold being about 2 amperes.
[0101] Example 19
[0102] The biopsy system of any of Examples 16 to 18, the BLDC motor being controlled using a pulse-width modulation, PWM, duty cycle, and the PWM duty cycle being altered to adjust the operational speed.
[0103] Example 20
[0104] The biopsy system of Example 19, the biopsy system controller comprising the PWM duty cycle.
[0105] Example 21
[0106] The biopsy system of Example 19, further comprising a BLDC controller operably connected to the biopsy system controller and the BLDC motor, the biopsy system controller controlling the BLDC motor by way of the BLDC controller, and the BLDC controller comprising the PWM duty cycle.
[0107] Example 22
[0108] A biopsy system comprising: a cutter configured to apply a translation force on a tissue; one or more motors operatively associated with the cutter, at least one of the one or more motors operating at an operational speed; and a biopsy system controller configured to: control the one or more motors to set the operational speed to a first rotation speed, monitor a signal from the one or more motors, control the one or more motors to advance the cutter in relation to the tissue, identify a first occurrence where the signal exceeds a threshold, and in response to identifying the first occurrence, control the one or more motors to perform a kinetic action.
[0109] Example 23
[0110] The biopsy system of Example 22, the one or more motors providing translation of the cutter.
[0111] Example 24
[0112] The biopsy system of Examples 22 or 23, the kinetic action being a retreating action to retreat the cutter in relation to the tissue.
[0113] Example 25
[0114] The biopsy system of Example 24, the biopsy system controller further configured to, after performing the retreating action, control the one or more motors to perform an advancing action to advance the cutter in relation to the tissue.
[0115] Example 26
[0116] The biopsy system of any of Examples 24 or 25, the one or more motors being controlled to adjust the operational speed to a second rotation speed before controlling the one or more motors to retreat the cutter.
[0117] Example 27
[0118] The biopsy system of Example 26, the second rotation speed being less than the first rotation speed.
[0119] Example 28
[0120] The biopsy system of any of Examples 22 to 27, the one or more motors including at least one brushless direct current, BLDC, motor.
[0121] Example 29
[0122] The biopsy system of Example 28, the signal being the current being drawn by the BLDC motor.
[0123] Example 30
[0124] The biopsy system of Examples 28 or 29, further comprising a BLDC controller operably connected to the biopsy system controller and the BLDC motor, the biopsy system controller controlling the BLDC motor by way of the BLDC controller.
[0125] Example 31
[0126] The biopsy system of Example 30, the BLDC controller comprising a pulse-width modulation, PWM, duty cycle, the BLDC motor operating based on the PMW duty cycle, and the BLDC controller altering the PWM duty cycle to adjust the operational speed of the BLDC motor.
[0127] IV. Miscellaneous
[0128] It should be appreciated that any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in this disclosure. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.
[0129] Versions of the devices described above may be designed to be disposed of after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multiple times. Versions may, in either or both cases, be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning may include any combination of the steps of disassembly of the device, followed by cleaning or replacement of particular pieces, and subsequent reassembly. In particular, some versions of the device may be disassembled, and any number of the particular pieces or parts of the device may be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. Upon cleaning and / or replacement of particular parts, some versions of the device may be reassembled for subsequent use either at a reconditioning facility, or by a user immediately prior to a procedure. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconditioning of a device may utilize a variety of techniques for disassembly, cleaning / replacement, and reassembly. Use of such techniques, and the resulting reconditioned device, are all within the scope of the present application.
[0130] By way of example only, versions described herein may be sterilized before and / or after a procedure. In one sterilization technique, the device is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK bag. The container and device may then be placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, or high-energy electrons. The radiation may kill bacteria on the device and in the container. The sterilized device may then be stored in the sterile container for later use. A device may also be sterilized using any other technique known in the art, including but not limited to beta or gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, or steam.
[0131] Having shown and described various embodiments of the present invention, further adaptations of the methods and systems described herein may be accomplished by appropriate modifications by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Several of such potential modifications have been mentioned, and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For instance, the examples, embodiments, geometrics, materials, dimensions, ratios, steps, and the like discussed above are illustrative and are not required. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be considered in terms of the following claims and is understood not to be limited to the details of structure and operation shown and described in the specification and drawings.
Claims
1.A biopsy system, comprising:(a) an outer cannula having a lateral aperture;(b) an inner tubular cutter disposed for translation within the outer cannula;(c) one or more motors operatively associated with the inner tubular cutter, at least one of the one or more motors operating at an operational speed; and(d) a biopsy system controller configured to:(i) control the one or more motors to set the operational speed to a first rotation speed,(ii) monitor a signal from the one or more motors,(iii) control the one or more motors to advance the inner tubular cutter in relation to the lateral aperture,(iv) identify a first occurrence where the signal exceeds a threshold, and(v) in response to identifying the first occurrence, control the one or more motors to perform a kinetic action.2.The biopsy system of claim 1, the one or more motors providing translation of the inner tubular cutter.3.The biopsy system of claim 2, the one or more motors further providing rotation of the inner tubular cutter.4.The biopsy system of any of claims 1 to 3, the kinetic action being a retreating action to retreat the inner tubular cutter in relation to the lateral aperture.5.The biopsy system of claim 4, the biopsy system controller further configured to, after performing the retreating action, control the one or more motors to perform an advancing action to advance the inner tubular cutter in relation to the lateral aperture.6.The biopsy system of claims 4 or 5, the one or more motors being controlled to adjust the operational speed to a second rotation speed before controlling the one or more motors to retreat the inner tubular cutter.7.The biopsy system of any of claims 1 to 6, the one or more motors including at least one brushless direct current, BLDC, motor.8.The biopsy system of claim 7, the signal being the current being drawn by the BLDC motor.9.The biopsy system of claims 4 or 5, the steps that occur in response to identifying the first occurrence where the signal exceed the threshold occur only if an advancing threshold has not been met.10.The biopsy system of claim 9, the advancing threshold being a maximum number of advancing actions allowed before the biopsy system stalls.11.The biopsy system of any of claims 6 to 8, the second rotation speed being less than the first rotation speed.12.The biopsy system of claim 11, the first rotation speed being about 30,000 revolutions per minute and the second rotation speed being about 20,000 revolutions per minute.13.The biopsy system of any of claims 1 to 12, the threshold being about 2 amperes.14.The biopsy system of any of claims 7, 8, 11, and 12, further comprising a BLDC controller operably connected to the biopsy system controller and the BLDC motor, the biopsy system controller controlling the BLDC motor by way of the BLDC controller.15.The biopsy system of claim 14, the BLDC controller comprising a pulse-width modulation, PWM, duty cycle, the BLDC motor operating based on the PMW duty cycle, and the BLDC controller altering the PWM duty cycle to adjust the operational speed of the BLDC motor.16.A biopsy system comprising:(a) an outer cannula having a lateral aperture;(b) an inner tubular cutter disposed for translation within the outer cannula;(c) a brushless DC, BLDC, motor operatively associated with the inner tubular cutter, the BLDC motor operating at an operational speed and generating an output torque, the output torque being applied to the inner tubular cutter during translation; and(d) a biopsy system controller configured to:(i) monitor a signal from the BLDC motor, and(ii) in response to identifying a first occurrence where the signal exceeds a threshold, adjust the operational speed to increase the output torque.17.The biopsy system of claim 16, the signal being the current being drawn by the BLDC motor.18.The biopsy system of claims 16 or 17, the threshold being about 2 amperes.19.The biopsy system of any of claims 16 to 18, the BLDC motor being controlled using a pulse-width modulation, PWM, duty cycle, and the PWM duty cycle being altered to adjust the operational speed.20.The biopsy system of claim 19, the biopsy system controller comprising the PWM duty cycle.21.The biopsy system of claim 19, further comprising a BLDC controller operably connected to the biopsy system controller and the BLDC motor, the biopsy system controller controlling the BLDC motor by way of the BLDC controller, and the BLDC controller comprising the PWM duty cycle.22.A biopsy system comprising:(a) a cutter configured to apply a translation force on a tissue;(b) one or more motors operatively associated with the cutter, at least one of the one or more motors operating at an operational speed; and(c) a biopsy system controller configured to:(i) control the one or more motors to set the operational speed to a first rotation speed,(ii) monitor a signal from the one or more motors,(iii) control the one or more motors to advance the cutter in relation to the tissue,(iv) identify a first occurrence where the signal exceeds a threshold, and(v) in response to identifying the first occurrence, control the one or more motors to perform a kinetic action.23.The biopsy system of claim 22, the one or more motors providing translation of the cutter.24.The biopsy system of claims 22 or 23, the kinetic action being a retreating action to retreat the cutter in relation to the tissue.25.The biopsy system of claim 24, the biopsy system controller further configured to, after performing the retreating action, control the one or more motors to perform an advancing action to advance the cutter in relation to the tissue.26.The biopsy system of any of claims 24 or 25, the one or more motors being controlled to adjust the operational speed to a second rotation speed before controlling the one or more motors to retreat the cutter.27.The biopsy system of claim 26, the second rotation speed being less than the first rotation speed.28.The biopsy system of any of claims 22 to 27, the one or more motors including at least one brushless direct current, BLDC, motor.29.The biopsy system of claim 28, the signal being the current being drawn by the BLDC motor.30.The biopsy system of claims 28 or 29, further comprising a BLDC controller operably connected to the biopsy system controller and the BLDC motor, the biopsy system controller controlling the BLDC motor by way of the BLDC controller.31.The biopsy system of claim 30, the BLDC controller comprising a pulse-width modulation, PWM, duty cycle, the BLDC motor operating based on the PMW duty cycle, and the BLDC controller altering the PWM duty cycle to adjust the operational speed of the BLDC motor.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Apparatus to allow biopsy sample visualization during tissue removal
US20200405276A1
Method and apparatus for automated biopsy and collection of soft tissue
US5526822A
Control apparatus for an automated surgical biopsy device
US6086544A
Remote thumbwheel for a surgical biopsy device
US7442171B2
Clutch and valving system for tetherless biopsy device
US7854706B2