Method, apparatus and system for sensing using sensing agent
The method and apparatus for sensing using sensing agents address the challenge of integrating sensing and communication in future networks by enabling efficient capability reporting, reducing overhead and enhancing flexibility in TRPs and UEs, thus facilitating effective sensing and communication.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-26
AI Technical Summary
Future communication networks require efficient interaction between transmit/receive points (TRPs) and user equipments (UEs) for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), where TRPs have high power and processing capabilities but are costly, while UEs are mobile and have limited capabilities, posing challenges in implementing broad coverage and sensing functionality.
A method and apparatus for sensing using sensing agents (SAs) that enable TRPs and UEs to report their sensing and communication capabilities through capability reports, utilizing indices and mapping relationships to reduce signaling overhead and enhance flexibility in different application scenarios.
Enables efficient acquisition and utilization of sensing capabilities in future communication networks, reducing signaling overhead and improving communication efficiency by separately or jointly reporting sensing and communication capabilities of TRPs and UEs.
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Figure CN2024141057_26032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR SENSING USING SENSING AGENT
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to US patent application No. 63 / 695, 503, filed on September 17, 2024, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication technology to wireless communication technology, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus and a system for sensing using sensing agents.BACKGROUND
[0003] Communication networks usually include two main types of nodes. The first type of nodes includes transmit / receive points (TRPs) or network nodes, which are connected to the core network, and are normally fixed with known locations (with the exception of non-terrestrial nodes) . These nodes have high transmission (Tx) power and processing capability, and high dynamic range, but are costly to implement if broad coverage is desired. The second type of nodes includes user equipments (UEs) , which are distributed throughout the network, but their location is not known (due to mobility) , have limited TX power and processing capability, and have limited dynamic range.
[0004] Future communication networks are expected to have sensing functionality, which may be referred to as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) or joint sensing and communication. Therefore, how the above two types of nodes interact with each other in the future communication networks is an urgent problem to be solved.SUMMARY
[0005] This present disclosure provides a method, an apparatus and a system for sensing using sensing agents used to indicating a sensing capability of an electronic device.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method for an apparatus is described. The method may be applied at a terminal side, for example, an electronic device or a module in an electronic device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in an electronic device. In a possible implementation, the above electronic device may be referred to as a sensing agent (SA) , low-power sensing agent (LPSA) , or other names, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0007] In a first aspect, a method for an apparatus is provided. The method includes: receiving capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report a capability of the apparatus; and transmitting a capability report based on the capability request information, where the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the apparatus.
[0008] Based on this, a network device transmits, to an apparatus, capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report the capability of the apparatus; and the apparatus transmits a capability report to the network device based on the capability request information, where the capability report is indicative of a sensing capability of the apparatus. In this way, the network device realizes the acquisition of the sensing capability of the apparatus through the method.
[0009] Further, the network device can use the sensing capability of the apparatus to perform sensing tasks and complete sensing-related information interaction in the future communication networks.
[0010] In a possible implementation, the sensing capability includes one or more sensing parameters comprising at least one of: sensing bandwidth; sensing mode; or sensing waveform. The sensing mode includes at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform includes at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.
[0011] In a possible implementation, the one or more sensing parameters further includes at least one of: sensing transmit power; sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; or self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.
[0012] In a possible implementation, the one or more sensing parameters further includes at least one of: duplex mode; angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; or a parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) . The duplex mode includes full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.
[0013] In a possible implementation, the capability request information includes indication information for indicating the apparatus to report the sensing capability or indicating the apparatus to report both the sensing capability and a communication capability.
[0014] Optionally, the capability report for indicating the sensing capability of the apparatus will be described in the following two implementations. In the first implementation, the capability report separately indicates the sensing capability and the communication capability. In the second implementation, the capability report simultaneously indicates the sensing capability and the communication capability.
[0015] In the first implementation, the capability report includes a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the apparatus.
[0016] In this way, the signaling overhead of the apparatus is reduced.
[0017] In a possible implementation, the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the apparatus and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0018] In a possible implementation, the indication information includes an index of the first mapping relationship.
[0019] In such case, the apparatus may report the index of the first mapping relationship of its own sensing capability, and the signaling overhead may be reduced due to a small number of bits of the index.
[0020] In a possible implementation, the capability report further includes a third index for indicating contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the apparatus.
[0021] In a possible implementation, the third index is determined based on the communication capability of the apparatus and a third mapping relationship, and the third mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the third index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more communication parameters.
[0022] In a possible implementation, the indication information further includes an index of the third mapping relationship.
[0023] In the first implementation, the sensing capability and the communication capability are defined separately, and the network device can obtain the sensing capability of the apparatus according to practical application scenarios, or the network device can obtain the sensing capability and the communication capability of the apparatus according to practical application scenarios, which may be applied more flexibly in different practical application scenarios. In the case where only the sensing capability is needed, the network device may obtain the sensing capability corresponding to the apparatus alone, which may reduce the signaling overhead of obtaining capability information.
[0024] In the second implementation, the capability report includes a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the apparatus and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the apparatus.
[0025] In this way, the signaling overhead of the apparatus is reduced.
[0026] In a possible implementation, the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the apparatus, the communication capability of the apparatus, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.
[0027] In a possible implementation, the indication information includes an index of the second mapping relationship.
[0028] In this way, the network device may indicate the apparatus to report the index of the second mapping relationship of the sensing and communication capabilities of the apparatus, and the signaling overhead can be reduced due to a small number of bits of the index.
[0029] In the second implementation, the sensing capability and communication capability of the apparatus may be represented by a mapping relationship (that is, the third mapping relationship) , so that the network device may obtain both the sensing capability and communication capability of the apparatus. In the case where the network device needs to obtain both the sensing capability and communication capability of the apparatus, the signaling overhead may be reduced and the communication efficiency may be improved.
[0030] In a possible implementation, the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .
[0031] In a possible implementation, the capability report further inludes at least one of: location information of the apparatus; identifier information of the apparatus; or orientation information of the apparatus.
[0032] According to a second aspect, a method for an apparatus is described. The method may be applied at a network side, for example, a network device or a module in a network device, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem chip, also referred to as a basebandchip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or a system in package (SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a network. The network device may be a transmit / receive point (TRP) or sensing management function (SeMF) .
[0033] In a second aspect, the method for an apparatus is provided. The method includes: transmitting capability request information for requesting another apparatus to report a capability of the another apparatus; and receiving a capability report based on the capability request information, where the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the another apparatus.
[0034] In a possible implementation, the capability request information includes indication information for indicating the another apparatus to report the sensing capability or indicating the another apparatus to report both the sensing capability and a communication capability.
[0035] In a possible implementation, the sensing capability includes one or more sensing parameters includes at least one of:sensing bandwidth; sensing mode; or sensing waveform. The sensing mode includes at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform includes at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.
[0036] In a possible implementation, the one or more sensing parameters further includes at least one of: sensing transmit power; sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; or self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.
[0037] In a possible implementation, the one or more sensing parameters further includes at least one of: duplex mode; angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; or a parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) ; wherein the duplex mode includes full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.
[0038] In a possible implementation, the capability report includes a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the another apparatus.
[0039] In a possible implementation, the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the another apparatus and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0040] In a possible implementation, the indication information includes an index of the first mapping relationship.
[0041] In a possible implementation, the capability report includes a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the another apparatus and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the another apparatus.
[0042] In a possible implementation, the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the another apparatus, the communication capability of the another apparatus, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.
[0043] In a possible implementation, the indication information includes an index of the second mapping relationship.
[0044] In a possible implementation, the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .
[0045] In a possible implementation, the capability report further includes at least one of: location information of the another apparatus; identifier information of the another apparatus; or orientation information of the another apparatus.
[0046] In a third aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect.
[0047] In a possible implementation, the apparatus includes: a receiving unit configured to receive capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report a capability of the apparatus; a transmitting unit configured to transmit a capability report based on the capability request information, where the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the apparatus.
[0048] In a possible implementation, the apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: receive capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report a capability of the apparatus; and transmit a capability report based on the capability request information, where the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the apparatus.
[0049] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0050] The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0051] In a possible implementation, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0052] In a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect and the second aspect.
[0053] In a possible implementation, the apparatus includes: a transmitting unit configured to transmit capability request information for requesting another apparatus to report a capability of the another apparatus; a receiving unit configured to receive a capability report based on the capability request information, where the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the another apparatus.
[0054] In a possible implementation, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0055] The apparatus includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0056] In a possible implementation, the apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0057] According to a fifth aspect, an system is provided, the system includes an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of the second aspect.
[0058] In a sixth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0059] In a seventh eighth aspect, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform the method of any one of the first aspect or the second aspect.
[0060] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as device embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0061] For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0063] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0064] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication system in which an apparatus wirelessly communicates with another apparatus, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0065] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0066] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0067] FIG. 6 illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0068] FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario of implementing a sensing agent in a future ISAC system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0069] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process of capability report in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0070] Numerous details are described herein to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some embodiments may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not necessarily been described in exhaustive detail so as to avoid obscuring pertinent aspects of the embodiments described herein.
[0071] FIG. 1 illustrates is a schematic illustration of an example communication system in which embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network (CN) 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network.
[0072] The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) for 2G, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) based on Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) for 4G, and NR for 5G.
[0073] In some implementations, the RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term "radio access" may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations.
[0074] The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as "user equipment" ) are configured to connect (e.g., be communicatively coupled) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120.
[0075] The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, that is the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0076] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0077] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated artificial intelligence (AI) and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0078] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0079] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c.
[0080] The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0081] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0082] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a "TRP" may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a "T-TRP" may also refer to a "TN TRP" , and an "NT-TRP" may also refer to an "NTN TRP" . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0083] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as auser equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0084] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a "cell" or a "coverage area" . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either frequency-division duplex (FDD) or time-division duplex (TDD) mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and base stations 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0085] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) , etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (e.g. a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (e.g. a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0086] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0087] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communication (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0088] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include devices such as (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , or the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0089] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e. established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e. released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one or more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0090] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0091] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0092] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0093] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0094] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a 5G protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . The EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0095] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0096] FIG. 3 illustrates an example communication system (e.g. the communication system 100) in which an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicates with another apparatus 320 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g. the network node 170) such a T-TRP 170a, 170b or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in this figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0097] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0098] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0099] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0100] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. For example, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0101] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0102] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203, may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0103] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 is illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0104] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0105] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations related to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as "configured grant" ) resources.
[0106] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0107] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0108] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0109] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0110] Note that the term "signaling" , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a, 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0111] It is noted that in the present disclosure, "information" , when different from "message" , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0112] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0113] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may also be provided to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0114] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios, or may be included witin the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0115] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 in accordance with some implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. For example, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0116] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0117] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0118] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. For example, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0119] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0120] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0121] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0122] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory (RAM) , a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , and / or a register.
[0123] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence (AI) processors, or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0124] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0125] Next, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by taking an example in which the above BS is referred to as a network device.
[0126] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to various communication systems. Example communication systems include cellular systems such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , which include Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR, also known as “5G” ) , and other cellular systems such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) . In addition to these example communication systems of the past and present, embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in future wireless communication systems. Example communication systems may also include an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN or ORAN) , a cloud radio access network (CRAN) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) . The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to a communication system that suitably combines any two or more systems.
[0127] Sustainability and energy consumption are important factors in the design of future network systems. Currently, cellular networks typically include two main types of nodes. The first type of node includes transmit / receive points (TRPs) or network nodes, i.e. the above network devices, which are connected to the core network, and are normally fixed with known locations (with the exception of non-terrestrial nodes) . These nodes have high transmission (Tx) power and processing capability, and high dynamic range, but are costly to implement if broad coverage is desired.
[0128] The second type of node includes user equipment (UEs) , i.e. the above electronic device, which are distributed throughout the network, but their location is not known (due to mobility) , have limited TX power and processing capability, and have limited dynamic range.
[0129] In addition to these types of nodes, there are other types of network nodes like relays and repeaters; however, unlike the two main types of nodes above, they do not produce independent signals. It should be considered all possible devices with different capabilities (not just communication) . Need to consider sensing and AI capabilities as well.
[0130] Future wireless communication networks are expected to include sensing functionality, which may be known as integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) or joint sensing and communications. Beneficial features of nodes in the ISAC system, especially for carrying on sensing tasks, include: i. Having a known location: having nodes with known and fixed locations provide more equations to obtain sensing parameters without introducing additional unknowns. Conventionally, the first type of nodes (network nodes) satisfy this condition. ii. Enabling sensing with low power consumption and complexity: need sensors to be well spread throughout the network such that i) the distance to the target is small so sensing can be carried out with minimal power and ii) avoid non-line of sight (NLOS) and blockage due to obstacles. Conventionally, the second type of nodes satisfy this condition. iii. High performance (in terms of resolution and accuracy) : requires capability for processing a large bandwidth sensing signal during signal transmission and reception. Conventionally, the first type of nodes can satisfy this condition.
[0131] At present, it is a to-be-solved problem about how the terminal device and the network device interact with each other in the future communication networks. For uplink (UL) , downlink (DL) , or sidelink (SL) , capabilities and categorizations defined for electronic device are communication-centric, that is, the capabilities and categorizations defined for the electronic device are based on the metrics required for communication between the terminal device and other nodes in the network devices. Therefore, when considering the design solutions for interaction with network devices based on electronic device or terminal-assisted sensing-related information in the future communication networks, there is no proper definitions for sensing-related capabilities, which leads to the inability to effectively use the electronic device in the sensing tasks.
[0132] Therefore, it is possible to design a framework and architecture to define sensing-related capabilities on the basis of communication-related capabilities. The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method. In the method, a network device transmits, to a terminal device, capability request information for requesting the terminal device to report the capability of the terminal device; and the terminal device transmits a capability report to the network device based on the capability request information, where the capability report is indicative of a sensing capability of the terminal device. In this way, the network device realizes the acquisition of the sensing capability of the terminal device through the method.
[0133] Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The device interaction involves two apparatuses, i.e. a terminal device and a network device.
[0134] In step 601, the network device transmits capability request information to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the terminal device receives the capability request information from the network device.
[0135] The capability request information is used for requesting the terminal device to report a capability of the terminal device.
[0136] In the present disclosure, the capability request information includes indication information for indicating the terminal device to report a sensing capability.
[0137] In step 602, the terminal device transmits, to the network device, a capability report based on the capability request information. Correspondingly, the network device receives the capability report from the terminal device.
[0138] The capability report is used for indicating the sensing capability of the terminal device.
[0139] Furthermore, the indication information is further used for indicating the terminal device to report a communication capability. In other words, the indication information is used for indicating the terminal device to report both the sensing capability and the communication capability. In this case, the capability report is used for indicating the sensing capability and the communication capability of the terminal device.
[0140] In the method provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the network device transmits, to the terminal device, the capability request information for requesting the terminal device to report the capability of the terminal device; and the terminal device transmits the capability report to the network device based on the capability request information, where the capability report is indicative of the sensing capability of the terminal device. In this way, the network device realizes the acquisition of the sensing capability of the terminal device through the method. Further, the network device can use the sensing capability of the terminal device to perform sensing tasks and complete sensing-related information interaction in the future communication networks.
[0141] In some possible implementations, the above method may be performed by a newly defined category of electronic device so that in the future networks, the network device can use the sensing capability of the terminal device to perform sensing tasks in its low complexity and low power consumption. The category of electronic device may be a new category of electronic device with sensing capabilities, or it can also be referred to as a new category of nodes. Optionally, this new category of electronic device may be referred to as sensing agents (SAs) or low-power SAs (LPSAs) .
[0142] The SAs may have the following four properties.
[0143] The first property is that the SAs are fixed with known locations. For example, the SAs 701 may be implemented on the lamp posts 702 or other fixtures.
[0144] The second property is that the SAs are nodes with low cost and low power. As shown in FIG. 7, the SAs do not have connection to the core network, and they are designed mainly for the sensing tasks using low-cost circuitry (low-resolution ADC and low-cost full-duplexing for mono-static sensing) .
[0145] The third property is that the SAs support wideband sensing with high resolution. For example, the SAs use RF-domain linearly frequency modulated (LFM) mixer for transmission and analog-domain filtering and use very low complexity baseband (BB) circuitry to process the narrow-band sensing results.
[0146] The fourth property is that the SAs are implemented widespread in the network. Due to the low-cost of implementation of the SAs, it may be possible to implement many nodes in the network (similar to IoT devices) . This will result in shorter distance between SAs and the targets which further improve the sensing accuracy / resolution.
[0147] In the context of ISAC, a significant issue with current wireless communication systems and existing standards is that all capabilities defined for the UEs and all the categorizations are communication-centric, i.e. they are all based on the metrics required for communication, whether it is UL, DL or SL, between the UE and other nodes in the network. Hence, when it comes to devising solutions for UE-based or UE-assisted sensing in future ISAC networks, there is no proper definitions for sensing-related capabilities and this does not allow for efficient utilization of UEs in the sensing tasks. It is desirable to have a framework and architecture to define sensing-related capabilities, on top of the communication-related capabilities, and define new categories of UEs that can facilitate the sensing tasks in future ISAC networks with low complexity and low power consumption.
[0148] In some embodiments, a new category of UEs with some level of standardized sensing capability includes a sub-category of reduced capability ( “RedCap” ) UEs or UEs known as “NR Light” UEs. While the terms RedCap and NR Light are example terminologies, other terms may equivalently refer to this category of UEs being low-end devices which have relaxed constraints in terms of supported data rate, latency, or other communication-related capabilities. Alternatively, the SAs may also be considered as one sub-category of RedCap UEs. SAs that are similar to IoT devices in terms of communication capabilities are suitable to be categorized as RedCap UEs.
[0149] Unlike the current RedCap UEs, which are capable of communication, this new category of sensing nodes is capable of both communication and sensing; therefore, further standardization may be required to define sensing-related capabilities to differentiate these nodes from regular RedCap UEs. Further standardization may also help capture sensing-related capabilities for other UEs in UE-based and UE-assisted sensing operations in future ISAC networks.
[0150] In the present disclosure, since the SA is designed to perform sensing at low power consumption, the SA may also be referred to as a LPSA. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the SA may be defined based on the communication-related capability of the SA and the sensing-related capability to improve the power consumption and sensing performance performed by the SA. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure will provide a process for reporting sensing-related capability, or reporting sensing-related capability and communication-related capability.
[0151] In the present disclosure, for example, the terminal device may be a SA, and the network device may be a NW node. The NW node may include TRP or sensing management function (SeMF) .
[0152] FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario of implementing a sensing agent in a future communication system (e.g. an ISAC system) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The SA 701 may be mounted on the lamp post 702. The TRP 703 transmits capability request information to the SA 701 for requesting the SA 701 to report the capability of the SA 701. The SA 701 transmits the capability report based on the capability request information to the TRP 703. The capability report may indicate the sensing capability of the SA 701. The TRP 703 may configure the SA701 to perform sensing tasks based on the sensing capability of the SA 701. The SA701 transmits a sensing signal, which may be reflected from the sensing target, the vehicle 705, and the echo signal is received by the SA701. The SA701 may obtain a sensing result of the vehicle 705 based on the echo signal. The SA701 may report the sensing results to the TRP703. In addition, the TRP 703 may communicate with the core network 704.
[0153] Optionally, the sensing capability includes one or more sensing parameters that include at least one of: sensing bandwidth; sensing mode; or sensing waveform. The sensing mode includes at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform comprises at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.
[0154] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the sensing bandwidth may be in a range from 100 MHz to 2 GHz.
[0155] For example, the sensing bandwidth may be 100 MHz, 200 MHz, 400 MHz, 800 MHz, or 1600 MHz.
[0156] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the mono-static mode means that the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are co-located in the radar system and share complete knowledge of the transmitted sensing signal and the clock. This means that the radar wave emits from a point, reflects through a target, and then returns to the same point.
[0157] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the bi-static mode means that the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are located in different positions in the radar system. This means that the radar RF signal starts from a position, is reflected by the target, and is received at another position.
[0158] Optionally, the one or more sensing parameters further include at least one of: sensing transmit power; sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; or self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.
[0159] The sensing transmit power may be expressed either as an absolute value or relative value compared to communication transmit power. The sensing transmit power may be expressed in terms of dBm and example values may be 20 dBm, 30 dBm, 40 dBm, 43dBm, 46 dBm, etc.
[0160] The sensing transmit (Tx) / reception (Rx) antenna configuration means number of antenna elements used for transmission or reception of the sensing signal. For example, the sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration may include (NTx, NRx) = (2, 2) , (4, 4) , (8, 8) , (16, 16) . In some embodiments, the antenna configuration may also be specified, such as uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform planar array (UPA) . In the case of UPA, the number of antennas at Tx or Rx can be expressed as a two-dimensional vector specifying the number of horizontal and vertical antenna elements.
[0161] The ADC sampling rate is basically an indication of baseband processing capability of the LPSA, and is normally much smaller than the supported sensing BW. Example values may include 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, etc.
[0162] The SIC capability is an RF capability which basically means how much the device can suppress its own self-interference which affects the nodes’ capability for mono-static sensing.
[0163] Optionally, the one or more sensing parameters further comprise at least one of: duplex mode; angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; or a parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) .
[0164] The duplex mode comprises full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.
[0165] In some embodiments, SA capabilities may be defined by separate definitions of communication and sensing capabilities: This can be defined through two separate look-up tables, one for communication and one for sensing. This way, definition of capability for the UE would be a two-dimensional parameter, one across the communication domain and one across the sensing domain.
[0166] Communication capability: This is with regards to the communication link between the LPSA and the TRP, it can be defined similar to NR (BW, peak data rate, latency, Tx / Rx / chain, MIMO layer, latency, etc. ) In some embodiments, separate communication capability can be reported for the sensing data and non-sensing UL data, so in this case, there may be two look up tables for the communication capability report. In some embodiments, the communication capability may not be defined (sensing-only node) . This can be applied to sensing agents with no regular communication capabilities (using the regular digital baseband circuitry) . For example, the node can use RF-domain data embedding to report the sensing results to the network.
[0167] Sensing capability: may include sensing mode (e.g. mono-static only, mono-static or bi-static) , sensing BW, Maximum Tx power, power level, ADC bit depth or resolution, full duplex capability (SIC cancellation level) , supported duplex mode (FD or HD) , supported WF (chirp only, OFDM only, or both chirp and OFDM) , Angle of Arrival (AoA) -Resolution. Sensing Tx power can be indicated as an absolute value (like X dB) or in reference to the communication power (+X dB) . Sensing power level can be indicated as percentage of full power (for example, 50%) .
[0168] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the capability report includes a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the terminal device. On this basis, the signaling overhead between the terminal device and the network device is reduced.
[0169] Optionally, the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the terminal device and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0170] Optionally, the indication information includes an index of the first mapping relationship. Based on this, the network device may indicate the terminal device to report the index of the first mapping relationship of the sensing capability of the terminal device, and the signaling overhead can be reduced due to a small number of bits of the index.
[0171] Optionally, the capability report further includes a third index for indicating contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the terminal device.
[0172] Optionally, the third index is determined based on the communication capability of the terminal device and a third mapping relationship, and the third mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the third index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more communication parameters.
[0173] Optionally, the indication information further includes an index of the third mapping relationship.
[0174] For example, the table 1 shows the first mapping relationship. The first index may be "Cap index" shown in the table 1. The table 2 shows the third mapping relationship. The third index may be "Cap index" shown in the table 2. Examples of separate look up table definition for sensing capabilities (table 1) and communication capabilities (table 2) are given below. In other examples or implementations, more or fewer fields can be included in each look up table, depending on the scenario and required capabilities. Also, the numbers are given in parametric fashion for illustration. In this embodiment, the sensing and communication capabilities are defined through separate tables, and the network device may obtain the sensing capability of the terminal device according to practical application scenarios, or the network device may obtain the sensing and communication capabilities of the terminal device according to practical application scenarios, which may be applied more flexibly in different practical application scenarios. In the case where only the sensing capability is needed, the network device may obtain the sensing capability corresponding to the terminal device alone, which may reduce the signaling overhead and improve the communication efficiency. Table 1 Table 2
[0175] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the capability report includes a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the terminal device and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the terminal device. Based on this, the signaling overhead between the terminal device and the network device may be reduced.
[0176] Optionally, the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the terminal device, the communication capability of the terminal device, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that comprise the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.
[0177] Optionally, the indication information includes an index of the second mapping relationship. Based on this, the network device may indicate the terminal device to report the index of the second mapping relationship of the sensing capability and the communication capability of the terminal device, and the signaling overhead can be reduced due to a small number of bits of the index.
[0178] For example, the table 3 shows the second mapping relationship. The second index may be "Cap index" shown in the table 3. In some embodiments, the sensing and communication capabilities are jointly defined. This could be implemented by adding sensing-related capabilities to the already-existing communication-related capabilities in the capability look-up table. As an example, a joint look up table is defined to include all possible capability fields for both communication and sensing. An example of such a LUT is shown below (table3) . In other examples or implementations, more or fewer fields can be included in each look up table, depending on the scenario and required capabilities. Also, the numbers are given in parametric fashion for illustration. In this embodiment, the sensing capability and communication capability of the terminal device may be represented by a mapping relationship (that is, the third mapping relationship) , so that the network device may obtain both the sensing capability and communication capability of the terminal device. In the case where the network device needs to obtain both the sensing capability and communication capability of the terminal device, the signaling overhead may be reduced and the communication efficiency may be improved. Table 3
[0179] In some embodiments, this capability can be defined either in a sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , in the current LTE positioning protocol (LPP) , or in a new sensing-specific protocol, which may be known as a sidelink sensing protocol (SLSeP) . The capability includes the sensing capability, or includes the sensing capability and the communication capability.
[0180] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the parameters in the tables and their corresponding contents are only examples, and there may also be other implementations.
[0181] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process of capability report in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the terminal device is the SA and the network device is the NW node. The NW node may include TRP or SeMF.
[0182] At the beginning, NW will share the corresponding look up tables (LUTs) corresponding to the defined capability fields with the SAs.
[0183] The LUTs may include the table 1, or the tables 1 and 2, or the table 3.
[0184] In some embodiments, LUT signaling can be performed through TRP or through the sensing management function (SeMF) . As mentioned above, it can be separate LUTs for communication and sensing capabilities or a joint LUTs.
[0185] In some embodiments, all possible capability LUTs can be shared with LPSA beforehand. In some embodiments, the LUT signaling can be performed using the higher layer signaling like RRC.
[0186] The capability report procedure shall be initiated by NW by sending an indication “Request Capabilities” , in a similar fashion as the current LPP. This request may be accompanied by some “report-configuration-index” so the SA only reports a subset of the capabilities. For example, “report-configuration-index” may include a binary indication, indicating whether “sensing-only” capability is required or both sensing and communication. In some embodiments, different subsets of capability fields can be defined, each indexed with a binary vector and “report-configuration-index” can refer to that vector. In some embodiments, “report-configuration-index” may refer to which LUT to use for capability reporting. In some embodiments, SA may feedback the index corresponding to its capability in the LUT specified by the NW. For example, in case of separate LUTs for sensing and communication, it may report (x1, x2) where x1 refers to the index in the communication LUT (e.g. table 2) and x2 refers to the index in the sensing LUT (e.g. table 1) . In the case of joint LUT, SA may feed back just a single index x.
[0187] In some embodiments, SA may feedback the actual capability values based on the fields specified in the “report-configuration-index” .
[0188] Optionally, the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .
[0189] Optionally, the capability report further includes at least one of: location information of the electronic device; identifier information of the electronic device; or orientation information of the electronic device.
[0190] For example, the location information of the electronic device may be “AgentLocation” , the identifier information of the electronic device may be “AgentID” , and the orientation information of the electronic device may be “AgentOrientation” .
[0191] In some embodiments, the capability report by SA may also be accompanied by some other fields including “Agent Location” , “AgentOrientation” , “AgentID” and the like. In this case, “RequestCapabilities” may include a field “AdditionalInfo” , and if such field is defined, SA would feedback the parameters specified in that field to be accompanied by the capability report.
[0192] In some embodiments, the capability may be requested and provided with SL protocol between the SAs.
[0193] Next, with reference to the above table 3, the following embodiments will be introduced by taking SA and NW as an example. some embodiments of the capability definitions for the sensing agents (SA) include procedures for configuring them and signaling them to the NW by the SA.
[0194] In a first example, a first category of sensing agent may be a basic SA, which performs wideband sensing using the chirp (LFM) waveform. This node is capable of receiving control signaling (to receive the sensing-related configurations and capability LUT) from the NW through DL channel (no DL communication data) , so it needs the lowest level of supported DL data rate in the communication-related capability. It is configured to feedback the sensing results back to the NW (no UL communication data) .
[0195] In some embodiments, this node may be equipped with chirp (LFM) waveform generator for transmission of UL signal, so the sensing results may be modulated by this WF.
[0196] In some embodiments, the WF modulation may be different than the classic way, i.e. the way it is done in the current systems, including FEC, modulation, resource mapping and OFDM modulator. As an example, the sensing information may be modulated by the LFM waveform through analog-based modulation.
[0197] On the other hand, since the chirp waveform is used for sensing, the self-interference cancellation (SIC) requirement is relaxed, so from this perspective, the node can have the same circuitry as regular UEs (without any advanced self-interference cancellation circuitry or signal processing) .
[0198] Similar to the communication context in which one aspect of capability can be defined based on the node’s ability to aggregate different carriers (carrier aggregation or CA) , a sensing carrier aggregation (SCA) capability can also be defined in the sense that the node is able to perform sensing in multiple carriers and splice the measurements together. The basic SAs may not be capable of SCA.
[0199] Another aspect of the capability is the Tx / Rx chain and MIMO mode. The basic SA may be equipped with multiple antennas (e.g., Ntx) but can support only one single RF chain (analog beamforming) , so from communication perspective, it can support a single layer MIMO. In addition, since the location of this node is fixed, a fixed beamforming can be used for transmitting the uplink signal and receiving the downlink signals; from the communication perspective, this node can be considered as a 1x1 Tx / Rx chain. The node uses the multiple antennas for beam sweeping for the purpose of sensing, so the number of antennas determine the spatial resolution of this node, which can be captured in the sensing capability. In terms of ADC sampling rate and #bits, this category of node can be considered as the lowest capability in both aspects. Also, this category of node is capable of mono-static sensing. With this example definition, this category of node would be categorized as the lowest category of RedCap UEs (or incapable UEs) and can be captured as index #0 in the joint communication and sensing LUT in the following table 4: Table 4
[0200] It should be understood that in the above table, “Nan” stands for “Not a Number” , which is a numeric data type that means an undefined value or value that cannot be represented, especially results of floating-point calculations.
[0201] The fields shown in this example LUT are illustrative and one possible combination. Other fields that could be included in the table have been omitted for the sake of brevity. Moreover, the contents given in the table are illustrative parameters, which can hold any suitable value. For example, the sensing BW can be 100 MHz and the DL communication BW can be 10 MHz; for this category of node, the sensing BW is much larger than the DL communication BW. Sensing and communication CA is “0” to indicate that this type of node does not support carrier aggregation, neither in communication domain nor in the sensing domain. The peak data rate in the DL for example can be set to 10 Mbps. Also, since the UL data modulation is different from a conventional transmission in the communication context, the peak data rate in UL is set to “NaN” to indicate that. Also, the ADC sampling rate can be set to 5 MHz (sub-Nyquist sampling) and the number of ADC bits can be set to 10 bits.
[0202] The other capability fields that can be defined here, like the communication, is the frequency bands supported by the node. One way to capture that in the capability LUT is to add it as a new field “frequency band” , and then, the frequency band can be represented as a binary vector of size N, wherein N denotes the possible number of frequency bands (e.g. sub-6 GHz can be index 0, C-band index1, FR3 can be index 2, K-band can be index 3, FR2 index 4 and the like) . Depending on which frequency band is supported by the node, the corresponding bit to that index can be set to 1, otherwise 0. The other alternative way would be defining different capability LUTs for each frequency band, since some of the communication-related and / or sensing-related parameters can depend on the frequency band.
[0203] In a second example, a second category of sensing agent may be a more advanced SA than the first category (the basic SA) . In terms of the sensing WF, it could be the same as the first category, i.e. chirp (LFM) waveform with relatively large BW (which can be the same or greater than the first node) . Also, in terms of other sensing-related hardware capabilities like ADC sampling rate, #ADC bits and self-interference cancellation capability, they can be the same as the first node. Also, the MIMO mode and Tx / Rx chain for communication and sensing can be defined the same for this category of nodes. What can make this second node more advanced than the first node can be the supported sensing mode (s) . For example, this second node can support bi-static sensing and also support of UL (or SL) data in addition to the sensing report data. This can be useful in the scenario that this node sends some control message to the network or other SAs (or UEs) in the area. This may require that the node support an OFDM WF (or any other communication-related WF) for UL or SL communication. Also, the peak data rate can also be defined for UL or even SL. With this definition, the capability UL can be defined as below table 5 and this node can be defined as index 1 category. Table 5
[0204] It should be understood that in the above table, “Nan” stands for “Not a Number” , which is a numeric data type that means an undefined value or value that cannot be represented, especially results of floating-point calculations.
[0205] Some fields in the LUT for the second category of nodes can be different from the first category of nodes, while others remain the same. For example, the peak data rate in UL can be set to 5 Mbps; the rest of the parameters in this example for the second category are the same as the first category.
[0206] The examples presented for the first category or second category of nodes may be defined in a different fashion by setting these capability fields (or others) to different values.
[0207] The methods provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8. Next, the devices (i.e. apparatuses) in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 5.
[0208] These devices can be used to realize the functions of the terminal or NW in the above method embodiments, and therefore can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the communication device may be an ED or a BS as shown in FIG. 1.
[0209] As shown in FIG. 5, the device 510 may include a communication unit 513. It should be understand that the communication unit 513 may include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The device 510 is used to implement the functions of the terminal or NW in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 5.
[0210] When the device 510 is used to implement the functions of the terminal in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 6, the receiving unit is configured to receive capability request information for requesting the electronic device to report a capability of the electronic device. And the transmitting unit is configured to transmit a capability report based on the capability request information. The capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the electronic device.
[0211] Optionally, the capability request information includes indication information for indicating the electronic device to report the sensing capability or indicating the electronic device to report both the sensing capability and a communication capability.
[0212] Optionally, the sensing capability includes one or more sensing parameters including at least one of: sensing bandwidth; sensing mode; or sensing waveform. The sensing mode includes at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform includes at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.
[0213] Optionally, the one or more sensing parameters further include at least one of: sensing transmit power; sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; or self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.
[0214] Optionally, the one or more sensing parameters further include at least one of: duplex mode; angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; or a parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) . The duplex mode includes full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.
[0215] Optionally, the capability report includes a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the electronic device.
[0216] Optionally, the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the electronic device and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0217] Optionally, the indication information includes an index of the first mapping relationship.
[0218] Optionally, the capability report includes a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the electronic device and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the electronic device.
[0219] Optionally, the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the electronic device, the communication capability of the electronic device, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.
[0220] Optionally, the indication information includes an index of the second mapping relationship.
[0221] Optionally, the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .
[0222] Optionally, the capability report further includes at least one of: location information of the electronic device; identifier information of the electronic device; or orientation information of the electronic device.
[0223] When the device 510 is used to implement the functions of the NW device in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 6, the transmitting unit is configured to transmit capability request information for requesting the electronic device to report a capability of the electronic device. And the receiving unit is configured to receive a capability report based on the capability request information. The capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the electronic device.
[0224] Optionally, the capability request information includes indication information for indicating the electronic device to report the sensing capability or indicating the electronic device to report both the sensing capability and a communication capability.
[0225] Optionally, the sensing capability includes one or more sensing parameters including at least one of: sensing bandwidth; sensing mode; or sensing waveform. The sensing mode includes at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform includes at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.
[0226] Optionally, the one or more sensing parameters further include at least one of: sensing transmit power; sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration; analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; or self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.
[0227] Optionally, the one or more sensing parameters further include at least one of: duplex mode; angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; or a parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) . The duplex mode includes full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.
[0228] Optionally, the capability report includes a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the electronic device.
[0229] Optionally, the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the electronic device and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.
[0230] Optionally, the indication information includes an index of the first mapping relationship.
[0231] Optionally, the capability report includes a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the electronic device and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the electronic device.
[0232] Optionally, the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the electronic device, the communication capability of the electronic device, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that include the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.
[0233] Optionally, the indication information includes an index of the second mapping relationship.
[0234] Optionally, the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .
[0235] Optionally, the capability report further includes at least one of: location information of the electronic device; identifier information of the electronic device; or orientation information of the electronic device.
[0236] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, without special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.
[0237] It will be understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the electronic device and the network device each include corresponding hardware and / or software modules for implementing various functions. Those skilled persons in the art should easily realize that the embodiments of present disclosure can be implemented in the form of a hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions.
[0238] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon. The computer program or instructions are used for implementing the method corresponding to the electronic device or network device as described above.
[0239] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program (which may also be referred to as a code, or instructions) . When the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer performs the method corresponding to the electronic device or network device as described above.
[0240] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0241] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0242] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0243] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0244] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0245] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0246] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0247] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0248] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0249] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method for an apparatus, comprising:receiving capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report a capability of the apparatus; andtransmitting a capability report based on the capability request information, wherein the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the apparatus.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the capability request information comprises indication information for indicating the apparatus to report the sensing capability or indicating the apparatus to report both the sensing capability and a communication capability.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensing capability comprises one or more sensing parameters comprising at least one of:sensing bandwidth;sensing mode; orsensing waveform;wherein the sensing mode comprises at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform comprises at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the one or more sensing parameters further comprise at least one of:sensing transmit power;sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration;analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; orself-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.5.The method of claim 3 or 4, wherein the one or more sensing parameters further comprise at least one of:duplex mode;angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; ora parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) ;wherein the duplex mode comprises full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.6.The method of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the capability report comprises a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the apparatus.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the apparatus and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that comprise the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the indication information comprises an index of the first mapping relationship.9.The method of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the capability report comprises a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the apparatus and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the apparatus.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the apparatus, the communication capability of the apparatus, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that comprise the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.11.The method of claim 10, wherein the indication information comprises an index of the second mapping relationship.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the capability report further comprises at least one of:location information of the apparatus;identifier information of the apparatus; ororientation information of the apparatus.14.A method for an apparatus, comprising:transmitting capability request information for requesting another apparatus to report a capability of the another apparatus; andreceiving a capability report based on the capability request information, wherein the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the another apparatus.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the capability request information comprises indication information for indicating the another apparatus to report the sensing capability or indicating the another apparatus to report both the sensing capability and a communication capability.16.The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the sensing capability comprises one or more sensing parameters comprising at least one of:sensing bandwidth;sensing mode; orsensing waveform;wherein the sensing mode comprises at least one of mono-static mode or bi-static mode; and the sensing waveform comprises at least one of chirp waveform and cyclic prefix-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) waveform.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more sensing parameters further comprise at least one of:sensing transmit power;sensing transmit / reception antenna configuration;analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate; orself-interference cancellation (SIC) capability.18.The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the one or more sensing parameters further comprise at least one of:duplex mode;angle-of-arrival (AoA) -resolution; ora parameter indicative of whether to support sensing carrier aggregation (CA) ;wherein the duplex mode comprises full duplex (FD) mode or half duplex (HD) mode.19.The method of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the capability report comprises a first index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the another apparatus.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the first index is determined based on the sensing capability of the another apparatus and a first mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that comprise the first index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters.21.The method of claim 20, wherein the indication information comprises an index of the first mapping relationship.22.The method of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the capability report comprises a second index for indicating contents of the one or more sensing parameters corresponding to the sensing capability of the another apparatus and contents of one or more communication parameters corresponding to the communication capability of the another apparatus.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the second index is determined based on the sensing capability of the another apparatus, the communication capability of the another apparatus, and a second mapping relationship, and the second mapping relationship is indicative of correspondence between a plurality of indexes that comprise the second index and a plurality of groups of contents of the one or more sensing parameters and the one or more communication parameters.24.The method of claim 23, wherein the indication information comprises an index of the second mapping relationship.25.The method of any one of claims 14 to 24, wherein the capability report is carried by a signaling based on medium access control control element (MAC-CE) , sidelink positioning protocol (SLPP) , radio resource center (RRC) or long term evolution positioning protocol (LPP) .26.The method of any one of claims 14 to 25, wherein the capability report further comprises at least one of:location information of the another apparatus;identifier information of the another apparatus; ororientation information of the another apparatus.27.An apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.28.The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the apparatus comprises:a receiving unit configured to receive capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report a capability of the apparatus; anda transmitting unit configured to transmit a capability report based on the capability request information, wherein the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the apparatus.29.The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the apparatus comprises:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: receive capability request information for requesting the apparatus to report a capability of the apparatus; and transmit a capability report based on the capability request information, wherein the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the apparatus.30.The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.31.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13.32.An apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 14 to 26.33.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the apparatus comprises:a transmitting unit configured to transmit capability request information for requesting an another apparatus to report a capability of the another apparatus; anda receiving unit configured to receive a capability report based on the capability request information, wherein the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the another apparatus.34.The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the apparatus comprises:one or more processors; andan interface circuit connected to the one or more processors and configured to: transmit capability request information for requesting the another apparatus to report a capability of the another apparatus; and receive a capability report based on the capability request information, wherein the capability report is used for indicating a sensing capability of the another apparatus.35.The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.36.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to: perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.37.A system, comprising an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 13 and another apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 14 to 26.38.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 26.39.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 26.
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